CINXE.COM

Ocean Sciences | A blog hosted by the European Geosciences Union

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-GB"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title>Ocean Sciences | A blog hosted by the European Geosciences Union</title> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/xmlrpc.php" /> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Ocean Sciences &raquo; Feed" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Ocean Sciences &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/comments/feed/" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-font-awesome-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/lib/fonts/fontawesome-free-web/css/fontawesome.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-font-awesome2-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/lib/fonts/fontawesome-free-web/css/all.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-font-awesome3-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/lib/fonts/fontawesome-free-web/css/v4-shims.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-open-sans-default-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/lib/fonts/open-sans/css/open-sans.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='co-authors-plus-coauthors-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-avatar-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-image-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='authors-list-css-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/plugins/authors-list/backend/assets/css/front.css?ver=2.0.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jquery-ui-css-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/plugins/authors-list/backend/assets/css/jquery-ui.css?ver=2.0.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-style-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/style.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-animations-css' href='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/css/animations.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/modernizr.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-modernizr-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/jquery.stellar.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-stellar-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Ocean Sciences" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Ocean Sciences" /> <meta property="og:description" content="A blog hosted by the European Geosciences Union" /> <link rel="icon" href="/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/favicon.svg" type="image/svg+xml"><link rel="icon" href="/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/favicon.ico" sizes="32x32"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/favicon_180.png"><style>#logo {margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;} #logo img {width: 220px; height: 62px;} #header {height: 64px;} #header .menu > li > a,#search-button,#cart-button,.mobile-button {line-height: 62px;} #fixed-header-padding {padding-top: 62px;} @media only screen and (max-width: 982px) { #logo {margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px!important; width: 146.66666666667px; height: 41.333333333333px;} #logo img {width: 146.66666666667px; height: 41.333333333333px;} #header {height: 43.333333333333px !important;} #header .menu > li > a,#search-button,#cart-button,.mobile-button {line-height: 41.333333333333px !important;} #fixed-header-padding {padding-top: 41.333333333333px !important;} }#page-wrapper,.search-outer,.gp-theme .vc_text_separator div {background: #fff;} .sale-triangle {border-right-color: #fff;}a,.error,.required,.menu li a:hover,#search-button.gp-active,#search-button:hover,#mobile-nav-button.gp-active,#mobile-nav-button:hover,#mobile-cart-button:hover,.no-thumbnail:hover,.portfolio-filters li a.gp-active,.portfolio-filters li a:hover,.team-name {color: #0072BC;} .post-loop.sticky:after,#comments .bypostauthor .avatar {border-color: #0072BC !important;} .border-triangle {border-left-color: #0072BC;} ::selection {background: #0072BC;} ::-moz-selection {background: #0072BC;} input[type=button],input[type=submit],input[type=reset],button,.button,blockquote,.meta-tags a,.tagcloud a,.mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-current,#wp-calendar #today,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers:hover,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers.current,ul.page-numbers.single-nav>span.page-numbers,#toTop:hover {background: #0072BC;}a:hover,pre,code,.post-loop .entry-header h2 a,.portfolio-loop .entry-header h2 a,.post-loop strong a,.related-portfolios h5 a {color: #2c2c2c;} input[type=button]:hover,input[type=submit]:hover,input[type=reset]:hover,button:hover,.button:hover,.meta-tags a:hover,.tagcloud a:hover,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers,#toTop,.gp-theme .vc-carousel .vc-carousel-indicators li { background: #2c2c2c;}body,input,textarea,select,.portfolio-filters li a {color: #747474;}input[type=button],input[type=submit],input[type=reset],button,.button,.button:hover,blockquote,.meta-tags a,.tagcloud a,#wp-calendar #today,#toTop,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers:hover,ul.page-numbers .page-numbers.current,ul.page-numbers.single-nav>span.page-numbers {color: #fff;} ::selection {color: #fff;} ::-moz-selection {color: #fff;}.wp-caption-text,.entry-meta,.entry-meta span:before,.entry-meta a,.comment-text .meta,.gp-theme .wpb_accordion .wpb_accordion_wrapper .ui-state-default .ui-icon:before,.gp-theme .wpb_toggle:before,.gp-theme #content h4.wpb_toggle:before {color: #aaa;}pre,input,textarea,#homepage-slider,.blog-masonry .post-loop,.no-thumbnail,.portfolio-loop,.entry-header.page-header {background: #f7f7f7;} select,.gp-theme #buddypress .standard-form select {background-color: #f7f7f7;}input,textarea,select,fieldset,.search-outer,.post-loop,.entry-header.post-header,.entry-header.page-header,.author-info,.related-posts,.related-portfolios,#comments,#comments ol.commentlist li .comment_container,#new-search,.portfolio-filters,.widget ul li,.gp-theme .wpb_separator,.gp-theme .vc_text_separator,.gp-theme .vc_separator .vc_sep_holder .vc_sep_line {border-color: #e7e7e7;} hr {background: #e7e7e7;}#header {background: #222;} .cart-count {color: #fff;} #header .nav .menu>li>a,#header .nav>.menu>li.fa:before,#search-button,#mobile-nav-button,#mobile-cart-button{color: #fff;} #header .nav .menu>li:hover>a,#header .nav .menu>li.current-menu-item>a,#header .nav .menu>li.fa:hover:before,#header .nav .menu>li.current-menu-item.fa:before,#mobile-nav .menu li a:hover,#search-button.gp-active,#search-button:hover,#mobile-nav-button.gp-active,#mobile-nav-button:hover{color: #FFDE00;} .cart-count{background-color: #FFDE00;}#header .nav .sub-menu,#mobile-nav {background: #fff;} #header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li>a,#header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li.fa:before,#mobile-nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li>a {color: #32b2c3;} #header .nav .sub-menu li a:hover,#mobile-nav .menu li a:hover {color: #32b2c3;} #header .nav .sub-menu a,#header .nav .sub-menu li.fa:before, #mobile-nav .menu li a, #mobile-nav .menu li.fa:before {color: #747474;} #header .nav .sub-menu a:hover {background: #f7f7f7;} #header .nav .sub-menu,#header .nav .sub-menu a,#header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li,#mobile-nav,#mobile-nav .menu li a {border-color: #e7e7e7;}#top-header {background: #000;} #top-nav .menu>li:before {color: #74747;} #top-header .nav .menu>li>a,#top-header.nav>.menu>li.fa:before,#top-header .social-icons a {color: #eee;} #top-header .nav .menu>li:hover>a,#top-header.nav .menu>li.current-menu-item>a,#top-header.nav .menu>li.fa:hover:before,#top-header .nav .menu>li.current-menu-item.fa:before,#top-header .social-icons a:hover {color: #32b2c3;}#top-header .nav .sub-menu {background: #fff;} #top-header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li>a,#top-header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li.fa:before {color: #32b2c3;} #top-header .nav .sub-menu li a:hover {color: #32b2c3;} #top-header .nav .sub-menu a,#top-header .nav .sub-menu li.fa:before {color: #747474;} #top-header .nav .sub-menu a:hover {background: #f7f7f7;} #top-header .nav .sub-menu,#top-header .nav .sub-menu a,#top-header .nav .menu li.megamenu>.sub-menu>li {border-color: #e7e7e7;}#footer-widgets {background: #111;} #footer-widgets .widgettitle {color: #fff;} #footer-widgets {color: #aaa;} #footer-widgets a {color: #fff;} #footer-widgets a:hover {color: #0072BC;}#footer-bottom {background: #2c2c2c;} #footer-bottom {color: #aaa;} #footer-bottom a {color: #fff;} #footer-bottom a:hover {color: #0072BC;}h4 {font-weight: 400;}</style><script>jQuery(document).ready(function($){window.devicePixelRatio>=2&&$(".post-thumbnail img").each(function(){jQuery(this).attr({src:$(this).attr("data-rel")})})});</script><style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style></head> <body class="home blog gp-theme gp-responsive gp-normal-scrolling gp-back-to-top gp-fixed-header gp-header-resize gp-wide-layout gp-header-1 right-sidebar"> <div id="page-wrapper"> <header id="header"> <div class="container"> <div id="logo"> <span class="logo-details">Ocean Sciences | </span> <a href="/" title="EGU Blogs"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/logo.svg" alt="Ocean Sciences" width="220" height="62" onerror="this.src='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/logo.png';this.onerror=null;" /> </a> </div> <div id="egu-logo"> Blogs of the <a target="_tab" href="https://www.egu.eu/">European Geosciences Union</a> </div> <nav id="main-nav" class="nav"> <ul id="menu-egu-main-header-navigation" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-999910" class="menu-item-999910"><a href="/geolog/">GeoLog</a></li> <li id="menu-item-999911" class="menu-item-999911"><a href="/network/">Network</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-" class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/gfgd/">Geology for Global Development</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/volcanicdegassing/">VolcanicDegassing</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/water-underground/">WaterUnderground</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-999912" class="megamenu columns-2 current-menu-item menu-item-999912"><a href="/divisions/">Divisions</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-999990" class="menu-item-hidelink menu-item-999990"><a></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/as/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(66, 66, 212)">AS</span> Atmospheric Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/bg/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(26, 77, 4)">BG</span> Biogeosciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/cl/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(95, 49, 114)">CL</span> Climate: Past, Present &#038; Future</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/cr/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(0, 125, 184)">CR</span> Cryospheric Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/essi/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(106, 74, 150)">ESSI</span> Earth and Space Science Informatics</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/g/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(164, 80, 206)">G</span> Geodesy</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gd/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(170, 41, 43)">GD</span> Geodynamics</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gm/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(73, 126, 116)">GM</span> Geomorphology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gmpv/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(220, 55, 40)">GMPV</span> Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Petrology &#038; Volcanology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/hs/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(37, 136, 56)">HS</span> Hydrological Sciences</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-999991" class="menu-item-hidelink menu-item-999991"><a></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/nh/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(117, 63, 47)">NH</span> Natural Hazards</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/np/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(15, 30, 61)">NP</span> Nonlinear Processes in Geosciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/os/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(39, 75, 150)">OS</span> Ocean Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ps/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(147, 45, 117)">PS</span> Planetary and Solar System Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/sm/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(160, 49, 80)">SM</span> Seismology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ssp/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(145, 107, 42)">SSP</span> Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Palaeontology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/sss/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(107, 74, 8)">SSS</span> Soil System Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/st/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(117, 56, 122)">ST</span> Solar-Terrestrial Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ts/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(190, 84, 9)">TS</span> Tectonics and Structural Geology</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a id="search-button"></a> </nav> <!-- END MAIN NAV --> <a id="mobile-nav-button" class="mobile-button"><i class="fa fa-bars"></i></a> <!-- END MOBILE NAV BUTTON --> </div> </header><!-- END HEADER --> <div id="fixed-header-padding"></div> <div id="desktop-search" class="search-outer"> <div class="container"> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/search/"> <input type="text" name="q" id="s" value="" placeholder="Search" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="&#xf002;" /> <br /> <label><input id="search_all_blogs" type="radio" name="t" value="0"/>&nbsp;Search&nbsp;all&nbsp;blogs</label>&nbsp;&nbsp; <label><input id="search_this_blog" type="radio" name="t" value="1"/>&nbsp;Search&nbsp;this&nbsp;blog&nbsp;only</label> </form> </div> </div> <!-- END SEARCH FORM --> <nav id="mobile-nav"> <div id="mobile-search" class="search-outer"> <form method="get" id="searchform2" action="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/search/"> <input type="text" name="q" id="s2" value="" placeholder="Search" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit2" value="&#xf002;" /> <br /> <label><input id="search_all_blogs2" type="radio" name="c" value="0" />&nbsp;Search&nbsp;all&nbsp;blogs</label>&nbsp;&nbsp; <label><input id="search_this_blog2" type="radio" name="c" value="1" checked="checked"/>&nbsp;Search&nbsp;this&nbsp;blog&nbsp;only</label> </form> </div> <ul class="menu"><li class="menu-item-999910"><a href="/geolog/">GeoLog</a></li> <li class="menu-item-999911"><a href="/network/">Network</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/gfgd/">Geology for Global Development</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/volcanicdegassing/">VolcanicDegassing</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/network/water-underground/">WaterUnderground</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="megamenu columns-2 current-menu-item menu-item-999912"><a href="/divisions/">Divisions</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-hidelink menu-item-999990"><a></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/as/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(66, 66, 212)">AS</span> Atmospheric Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/bg/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(26, 77, 4)">BG</span> Biogeosciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/cl/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(95, 49, 114)">CL</span> Climate: Past, Present &#038; Future</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/cr/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(0, 125, 184)">CR</span> Cryospheric Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/essi/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(106, 74, 150)">ESSI</span> Earth and Space Science Informatics</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/g/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(164, 80, 206)">G</span> Geodesy</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gd/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(170, 41, 43)">GD</span> Geodynamics</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gm/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(73, 126, 116)">GM</span> Geomorphology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/gmpv/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(220, 55, 40)">GMPV</span> Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Petrology &#038; Volcanology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/hs/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(37, 136, 56)">HS</span> Hydrological Sciences</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item-hidelink menu-item-999991"><a></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/nh/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(117, 63, 47)">NH</span> Natural Hazards</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/np/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(15, 30, 61)">NP</span> Nonlinear Processes in Geosciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/os/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(39, 75, 150)">OS</span> Ocean Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ps/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(147, 45, 117)">PS</span> Planetary and Solar System Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/sm/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(160, 49, 80)">SM</span> Seismology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ssp/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(145, 107, 42)">SSP</span> Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Palaeontology</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/sss/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(107, 74, 8)">SSS</span> Soil System Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/st/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(117, 56, 122)">ST</span> Solar-Terrestrial Sciences</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="/divisions/ts/"><span class="navabbr" style="float: right; background-color:rgb(190, 84, 9)">TS</span> Tectonics and Structural Geology</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav><!-- END MOBILE MENU --> <header class="entry-header" style="background-position: 50% 50%; background-image: url(https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/files/2024/08/cropped-os.jpg)"> <div id="headerimage" class="container"> <div id="headerimage-title" style="left: auto; right: 8.3%; bottom: 13.65%;"> <div id="headerimage-abbr" style="background-color: rgb(39, 75, 150);">OS</div> <div id="headerimage-name" style="color: #333; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)">Ocean Sciences</div> </div> </div></header> <nav id="breadcrumb"><div class="container"><a href="/">EGU Blogs</a> » <a href="/divisions/">Divisions</a> » Ocean Sciences</div></nav> <header class="entry-header page-header" style=""> <div class="container"> <h1 class="entry-title" style="">Ocean Sciences</h1> </div> </header> <div id="content-wrapper" class="container"> <div id="content"> <div class="post-wrapper blog-masonry"> <article class="post-loop post-2209 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-beyond-ocean category-oceantalk category-uncategorised"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="loop-title"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2025/01/14/embark-on-an-auditory-scientific-adventure-to-the-south-pole/" title="Embark on an Auditory Scientific Adventure to the South Pole!" target="">Embark on an Auditory Scientific Adventure to the South Pole!</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="meta-author"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/author/jbalaguer/" title="Posts by Jenna Balaguer" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jenna Balaguer</a></span> <span class="meta-date">January 14, 2025</span> </div> <!-- END ENTRY META --> </header> <!-- END ENTRY HEADER --> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Alongside SUNNA, an oceanographic robot as daring as it is curious, you will dive into a frozen and hostile environment to uncover its secrets. Over the course of seven episodes, our hero will gather invaluable scientific data to better understand the workings of the ocean, meeting the familiar inhabitants of this environment along the way. &nbsp; &nbsp; The Southern Ocean and Argo Profiling Float ...<a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2025/01/14/embark-on-an-auditory-scientific-adventure-to-the-south-pole/" class="read-more more-link" title="Embark on an Auditory Scientific Adventure to the South Pole!">[Read More]</a></p> </div><!-- END ENTRY CONTENT --> </article><!-- END POST --> <article class="post-loop post-2120 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-book-reviews tag-book-review tag-oceanography"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="loop-title"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/12/13/book-review-blue-machine/" title="Book Review: Blue Machine by Helen Czerski" target="">Book Review: Blue Machine by Helen Czerski</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="meta-author"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/author/jacqueline/" title="Posts by Jacqueline Behncke" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jacqueline Behncke</a></span> <span class="meta-date">December 13, 2024</span> </div> <!-- END ENTRY META --> </header> <!-- END ENTRY HEADER --> <div class="post-thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter"> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/12/13/book-review-blue-machine/"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/files/2024/12/cover_blue_machine-700x400.png" data-rel="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/files/2024/12/cover_blue_machine-1400x800.png" width="700" height="400" alt="Book Review: Blue Machine by Helen Czerski" class="wp-post-image" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <p>The engine that is Earth&#8217;s ocean takes sunlight and converts it into giant underwater currents and waterfalls, hauling around the ingredients for life: nutrients, oxygen and trace metals like potassium and iron, shaping our coasts and transporting heat.  In her book Blue Machine &#8211; How the Ocean Shapes Our World, physicist Helen Czerski takes readers on an enlightening journey through t ...<a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/12/13/book-review-blue-machine/" class="read-more more-link" title="Book Review: Blue Machine by Helen Czerski">[Read More]</a></p> </div><!-- END ENTRY CONTENT --> </article><!-- END POST --> <article class="post-loop post-1832 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-the-jinxed-scientist tag-conferences tag-jinxed-scientist tag-phd tag-phd-life"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="loop-title"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/11/29/the-jinxed-scientist-cough-symphony/" title="The Jinxed Scientist: The Conference Cough Symphony" target="">The Jinxed Scientist: The Conference Cough Symphony</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="meta-author"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/author/the-jinxed-scientist/" title="Posts by The Jinxed Scientist" class="author url fn" rel="author">The Jinxed Scientist</a></span> <span class="meta-date">November 29, 2024</span> </div> <!-- END ENTRY META --> </header> <!-- END ENTRY HEADER --> <div class="post-thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter"> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/11/29/the-jinxed-scientist-cough-symphony/"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/files/2024/08/blog-700x400.png" data-rel="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/files/2024/08/blog-1400x800.png" width="700" height="400" alt="The Jinxed Scientist: The Conference Cough Symphony" class="wp-post-image" /> </a> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Bad things happen… but they make for the best stories. This blog is for all the jinxed souls out there who seem to attract bad luck in academia. As conferences are the perfect stage, almost predestined to showcase our most embarrassing moments, we will start right there. This blog post is for everyone who shivers at the thought of presenting on the conference stage. All the PhDs who just started a ...<a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/11/29/the-jinxed-scientist-cough-symphony/" class="read-more more-link" title="The Jinxed Scientist: The Conference Cough Symphony">[Read More]</a></p> </div><!-- END ENTRY CONTENT --> </article><!-- END POST --> <article class="post-loop post-2016 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-os-research category-uncategorised tag-oceanography"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="loop-title"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/11/12/sailing-for-science-how-data-from-sailing-races-advances-ocean-research/" title="Sailing for Science: How Data from Sailing Races Advances Ocean Research" target="">Sailing for Science: How Data from Sailing Races Advances Ocean Research</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="meta-author"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/author/jacqueline/" title="Posts by Jacqueline Behncke" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jacqueline Behncke</a></span> <span class="meta-date">November 12, 2024</span> </div> <!-- END ENTRY META --> </header> <!-- END ENTRY HEADER --> <div class="post-thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter"> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/11/12/sailing-for-science-how-data-from-sailing-races-advances-ocean-research/"> <img src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/files/2024/11/Vendee_Globe_tracks_Rivault-1-700x400.png" data-rel="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/files/2024/11/Vendee_Globe_tracks_Rivault-1-1400x800.png" width="700" height="400" alt="Sailing for Science: How Data from Sailing Races Advances Ocean Research" class="wp-post-image" /> </a> <div class="featured_caption">The tracks of the 33 competitors from the last Vendée Globe sailing race edition in 2020-21. (Credit: Erwan Rivault)</div> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <p>The Vendée Globe began on November 10th, with 44 participants embarking on the world&#8217;s toughest sailing race. This non-stop, single-handed round-the-world yacht race challenges skippers to circumnavigate the Southern Ocean. The race starts in France, traverses the North Atlantic, and heads directly into the Southern Ocean. Despite taking place during the austral summer, the conditions remain ...<a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/11/12/sailing-for-science-how-data-from-sailing-races-advances-ocean-research/" class="read-more more-link" title="Sailing for Science: How Data from Sailing Races Advances Ocean Research">[Read More]</a></p> </div><!-- END ENTRY CONTENT --> </article><!-- END POST --> </div><!-- END POST WRAPPER --> <ul class='page-numbers'> <li><span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current">1</span></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/page/2/">2</a></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/page/3/">3</a></li> <li><span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/page/6/">6</a></li> <li><a class="next page-numbers" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/page/2/">&raquo;</a></li> </ul> </div><!-- END CONTENT --> <aside id="sidebar"> <div id="text-2" class="widget widget_text"><h3 class="widgettitle">About</h3> <div class="textwidget"><p>Welcome to the blog of the <a href="https://www.egu.eu/os/home/">Ocean Sciences (OS) Division</a> of the <a href="http://www.egu.eu/">European Geosciences Union</a> (EGU). This blog serves as a platform for the ocean sciences community to share news and updates on the latest research advances. Here you can also find the stories behind the research and interesting interviews with ocean scientists. If you want to contribute to the OS blog, please get in touch with the editors <a href="jbalaguer@geomar.de">Jenna Balaguer</a> and <a href="jacqueline.behncke@mpimet.mpg.de">Jacqueline Behncke</a></p> </div> </div><div id="block-2" class="widget widget_block widget_media_image"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-medium"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2021/06/25/ocean-networks-1/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-public-2021-300x300.png" alt="Blue circle with yellow EGU logo and yellow text saying winner 2021, best blog post, public vote." class="wp-image-1605" srcset="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-public-2021-300x300.png 300w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-public-2021-150x150.png 150w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-public-2021-768x768.png 768w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-public-2021-100x100.png 100w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-public-2021-400x400.png 400w, https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/files/2022/02/Best-Blog-public-2021.png 792w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></figure> </div><div id="egu_social_media_widget-2" class="widget widget_egu_social_media_widget"><div id="socialmediawidget"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/EGUosDivision/" class="fab fa-facebook fa-3x" title="Follow us on Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab"></a> </div></div><div id="s2_form_widget-2" class="widget s2_form_widget"><h3 class="widgettitle">Subscribe to Blog</h3><div class="search"><form name="s2formwidget" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="ip" value="8.222.208.146" /><span style="display:none !important"><label for="firstname">Leave This Blank:</label><input type="text" id="firstname" name="firstname" /><label for="lastname">Leave This Blank Too:</label><input type="text" id="lastname" name="lastname" /><label for="uri">Do Not Change This:</label><input type="text" id="uri" name="uri" value="http://" /></span><p><label for="s2email">Your email:</label><br><input type="email" name="email" id="s2email" value="" size="20" /></p><p><input type="submit" name="subscribe" value="Subscribe" /></p></form></div></div><div id="egu_division_blogs_widget-2" class="widget widget_egu_division_blogs_widget"><h3 class="widgettitle">EGU Division Blogs</h3><p id="divisionblogswidget"><a title="Atmospheric Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(66, 66, 212);" href="/divisions/as/">AS</a> <a title="Biogeosciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(26, 77, 4);" href="/divisions/bg/">BG</a> <a title="Climate: Past, Present & Future" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(95, 49, 114);" href="/divisions/cl/">CL</a> <a title="Cryospheric Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(0, 125, 184);" href="/divisions/cr/">CR</a> <a title="Earth and Space Science Informatics" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(106, 74, 150);" href="/divisions/essi/">ESSI</a> <a title="Geodesy" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(164, 80, 206);" href="/divisions/g/">G</a> <a title="Geodynamics" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(170, 41, 43);" href="/divisions/gd/">GD</a> <a title="Geomorphology" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(73, 126, 116);" href="/divisions/gm/">GM</a> <a title="Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Petrology & Volcanology" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(220, 55, 40);" href="/divisions/gmpv/">GMPV</a> <a title="Hydrological Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(37, 136, 56);" href="/divisions/hs/">HS</a> <a title="Natural Hazards" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(117, 63, 47);" href="/divisions/nh/">NH</a> <a title="Nonlinear Processes in Geosciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(15, 30, 61);" href="/divisions/np/">NP</a> <a title="Ocean Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(39, 75, 150);" href="/divisions/os/">OS</a> <a title="Planetary and Solar System Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(147, 45, 117);" href="/divisions/ps/">PS</a> <a title="Seismology" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(160, 49, 80);" href="/divisions/sm/">SM</a> <a title="Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Palaeontology" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(145, 107, 42);" href="/divisions/ssp/">SSP</a> <a title="Soil System Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(107, 74, 8);" href="/divisions/sss/">SSS</a> <a title="Solar-Terrestrial Sciences" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(117, 56, 122);" href="/divisions/st/">ST</a> <a title="Tectonics and Structural Geology" class="divisionabbr" style="background-color:rgb(190, 84, 9);" href="/divisions/ts/">TS</a> </p></div><div id="egu_network_blogs_widget-2" class="widget widget_egu_network_blogs_widget"><h3 class="widgettitle">EGU Network Blogs</h3><div id="networkblogswidget"><figure class="networkpreview"><a title="Geology for Global Development" href="/network/gfgd/"> <img height="63" width="147" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/network/gfgd-thumb.jpg" class="preview_Geology for Global Development" alt="Geology for Global Development"/> <figcaption>Geology for Global Development</figcaption></a></figure><figure class="networkpreview"><a title="VolcanicDegassing" href="/network/volcanicdegassing/"> <img height="63" width="147" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/network/volcanicdegassing-thumb.jpg" class="preview_VolcanicDegassing" alt="VolcanicDegassing"/> <figcaption>VolcanicDegassing</figcaption></a></figure><figure class="networkpreview"><a title="WaterUnderground" href="/network/water-underground/"><div class="box"> <img height="63" width="147" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/network/water-underground/wp-content/blogs.dir/31/files/2016/08/cropped-1-1-147x63.jpg" class="preview_WaterUnderground" alt="WaterUnderground"/><div class="ribbon"><span>AGU</span></div></div> <figcaption>WaterUnderground</figcaption></a></figure></div></div> <div id="recent-posts-3" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> <h3 class="widgettitle">Recent Posts</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2025/01/14/embark-on-an-auditory-scientific-adventure-to-the-south-pole/">Embark on an Auditory Scientific Adventure to the South Pole!</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/12/13/book-review-blue-machine/">Book Review: Blue Machine by Helen Czerski</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/11/29/the-jinxed-scientist-cough-symphony/">The Jinxed Scientist: The Conference Cough Symphony</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/11/12/sailing-for-science-how-data-from-sailing-races-advances-ocean-research/">Sailing for Science: How Data from Sailing Races Advances Ocean Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/10/14/decline-in-ocean-co2-observations/">The Alarming Decline in Ocean CO2 Observations</a> </li> </ul> </div><div id="archives-3" class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widgettitle">Archives</h3> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="archives-dropdown-3">Archives</label> <select id="archives-dropdown-3" name="archive-dropdown"> <option value="">Select Month</option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2025/01/'> January 2025 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/12/'> December 2024 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/11/'> November 2024 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/10/'> October 2024 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/09/'> September 2024 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2022/07/'> July 2022 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2022/04/'> April 2022 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2022/03/'> March 2022 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2021/06/'> June 2021 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2021/05/'> May 2021 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2020/12/'> December 2020 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2020/11/'> November 2020 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2020/09/'> September 2020 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2020/08/'> August 2020 </option> <option value='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2020/07/'> July 2020 </option> </select> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "archives-dropdown-3" ); function onSelectChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value !== '' ) { document.location.href = this.options[ this.selectedIndex ].value; } } dropdown.onchange = onSelectChange; })(); /* ]]> */ </script> </div><div id="categories-3" class="widget widget_categories"><h3 class="widgettitle">Categories</h3><form action="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os" method="get"><label class="screen-reader-text" for="cat">Categories</label><select name='cat' id='cat' class='postform'> <option value='-1'>Select Category</option> <option class="level-0" value="17">Behind the Research</option> <option class="level-0" value="76">Beyond Ocean</option> <option class="level-0" value="125">Book Reviews</option> <option class="level-0" value="86">Joint Post</option> <option class="level-0" value="11">News</option> <option class="level-0" value="8">OceanTalk</option> <option class="level-0" value="20">OS Announcements</option> <option class="level-0" value="14">OS Research</option> <option class="level-0" value="113">The Jinxed Scientist</option> <option class="level-0" value="1">Uncategorised</option> </select> </form><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "cat" ); function onCatChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value > 0 ) { dropdown.parentNode.submit(); } } dropdown.onchange = onCatChange; })(); /* ]]> */ </script> </div><div id="search-2" class="widget widget_search"><form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/"> <input type="text" name="s" id="s" value="" placeholder="Search" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="&#xf002;" /> </form></div> <div id="recent-posts-2" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> <h3 class="widgettitle">Recent Posts</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2025/01/14/embark-on-an-auditory-scientific-adventure-to-the-south-pole/">Embark on an Auditory Scientific Adventure to the South Pole!</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/12/13/book-review-blue-machine/">Book Review: Blue Machine by Helen Czerski</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/11/29/the-jinxed-scientist-cough-symphony/">The Jinxed Scientist: The Conference Cough Symphony</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/11/12/sailing-for-science-how-data-from-sailing-races-advances-ocean-research/">Sailing for Science: How Data from Sailing Races Advances Ocean Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/10/14/decline-in-ocean-co2-observations/">The Alarming Decline in Ocean CO2 Observations</a> </li> </ul> </div><div id="recent-comments-2" class="widget widget_recent_comments"><h3 class="widgettitle">Recent Comments</h3><ul id="recentcomments"><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link"><a href="https://micropal-basel.unibas.ch/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Knappertsbusch Michael</a></span> on <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2024/10/14/decline-in-ocean-co2-observations/#comment-251">The Alarming Decline in Ocean CO2 Observations</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2021/06/10/award-nomination/" class="url" rel="ugc">Ocean Sciences | Call for nominations for the EGU medals &amp; awards 2022</a></span> on <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2021/05/27/oceantalk-richard-greatbatch/#comment-163">OceanTalk with Richard J. Greatbatch</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2020/09/22/satellite-data-for-ocean-reanalysis/" class="url" rel="ugc">Ocean Sciences | Satellite data for ocean reanalysis</a></span> on <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2020/09/01/eurec4a-tales-from-the-tropics/#comment-20">Eurec4a: Tales from the Tropics</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link">E. A . Siddle</span> on <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/2020/09/01/eurec4a-tales-from-the-tropics/#comment-18">Eurec4a: Tales from the Tropics</a></li></ul></div> <div id="text-copyright" class="widget widget_text"> <h3 class="widgettitle">Copyright</h3> <div class="textwidget"> <p>Unless otherwise indicated, the content on this blog is licensed under the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</a> licence (CC BY 4.0).</p> <p>See the <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/copyright/">copyright page</a> for more information.</p> <p><a title="Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img width="32" height="32" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/cc.svg" onerror="this.src='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/cc.png';this.onerror=null;" /></a> <a title="Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img width="32" height="32" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/by.svg" onerror="this.src='https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/images/by.png';this.onerror=null;" /></a></p> </div> </div> </aside> </div><!-- END CONTENT WRAPPER --> <footer id="footer"> <div id="footer-bottom"> <div class="container"> <div id="footer-nav" class="nav"> <ul id="menu-footer-navigation" class="menu"><li class="menu-item-"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/about/">About</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/copyright/">Copyright</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="https://www.egu.eu/imprint/">Imprint</a></li> <li class="menu-item-"><a href="https://www.egu.eu/privacy-policy/">Privacy policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="social-icons"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/european-geosciences-union" class="fa fa-linkedin" title="Follow EGU on LinkedIn" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/eurogeosciences/" class="fa fa-instagram" title="Follow EGU on Instagram" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/EuroGeosciencesUnion" class="fa fa-youtube" title="Follow EGU on YouTube" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/EuropeanGeosciencesUnion" class="fa fa-facebook" title="Follow EGU on Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/@EuroGeosciences" class="fab fa-mastodon" title="Follow EGU on Mastodon" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/egu.eu" class="fab fa-bluesky" title="Follow EGU on Bluesky" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a class="fa fa-rss" target="_tab" rel="noopener noreferrer" title="RSS Feed" href="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/feed/"></a> </div> <div id="copyright"> </div> </div> </div><!-- END FOOTER BOTTOM --> </footer><!-- END FOOTER --> </div><!-- END PAGE WRAPPER --> <script> var _paq = window._paq || []; _paq.push(['setExcludedQueryParams', ["\/.*\/"]]); _paq.push(['disableCookies']); _paq.push(['enableHeartBeatTimer', 5]); _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); _paq.push(['trackAllContentImpressions']); function embedTrackingCode() { var u="https://pwk.egu.eu/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'p.pwk']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '37']); _paq.push(['setRequestMethod', 'POST']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.src=u+'j.pwk'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); } setTimeout(function () { embedTrackingCode(); }, 5); </script> <noscript><p><img src="https://matomo.egu.eu/piwik.php?idsite=37&rec=1" style="border:0;" alt="" /></p></noscript> <script type="text/javascript" id="gp-custom-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gp_script = {"headerHeight":"62","logoHeight":"62","logoMarginTop":"0","logoMarginBottom":"0","navLineHeight":"62px","headerSizeReduction":"1.5","emptySearchText":"Please enter something in the search box!"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity-egu/scripts/custom.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-custom-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/mouse.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-mouse-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/slider.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-slider-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="authors-list-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var authorsListAjaxSearch = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/blogs.egu.eu\/divisions\/os\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"21e064dcfd"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/plugins/authors-list/backend/assets/js/front.js?ver=2.0.6.1" id="authors-list-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/plugins/marctv-mediaelement-tracking/js/jquery.me-ga-events.js?ver=1.6" id="jquery.me-ga-events-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/placeholders.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-placeholder-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/jquery.ui.totop.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-back-to-top-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/jquery.isotope.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-isotope-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/os/wp-content/themes/vivacity/lib/scripts/imagesLoaded.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="gp-images-loaded-js"></script> </body> </html><!-- Performance optimized by Redis Object Cache. Learn more: https://wprediscache.com Retrieved 10124 objects (461 KB) from Redis using Predis (v2.1.2). -->

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10