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control</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: task space control"> <meta name="keywords" content="task space control"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="task space control"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 15786</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: task space control</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15786</span> Task Space Synchronization Control of Multi-Robot Arms with Position Synchronous Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zijian%20Zhang">Zijian Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yangyang%20Dong"> Yangyang Dong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Synchronization is of great importance to ensure the multi-arm robot to complete the task. Therefore, a synchronous controller is designed to coordinate task space motion of the multi-arm in the paper. The position error, the synchronous position error, and the coupling position error are all considered in the controller. Besides, an adaptive control method is used to adjust parameters of the controller to improve the effectiveness of coordinated control performance. Simulation in the Matlab shows the effectiveness of the method. At last, a robot experiment platform with two 7-DOF (Degree of Freedom) robot arms has been established and the synchronous controller simplified to control dual-arm robot has been validated on the experimental set-up. Experiment results show the position error decreased 10% and the corresponding frequency is also greatly improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronous%20control" title="synchronous control">synchronous control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20robot" title=" space robot"> space robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=task%20space%20control" title=" task space control"> task space control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-arm%20robot" title=" multi-arm robot"> multi-arm robot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97448/task-space-synchronization-control-of-multi-robot-arms-with-position-synchronous-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15785</span> Scorbot-ER 4U Using Forward Kinematics Modelling and Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Maneetham">D. Maneetham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Sivhour"> L. Sivhour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Robotic arm manipulators are widely used to accomplish many kinds of tasks. SCORBOT-ER 4u is a 5-degree of freedom (DOF) vertical articulated educational robotic arm, and all joints are revolute. It is specifically designed to perform pick and place task with its gripper. The pick and place task consists of consideration of the end effector coordinate of the robotic arm and the desired position coordinate in its workspace. This paper describes about forward kinematics modeling and analysis of the robotic end effector motion through joint space. The kinematics problems are defined by the transformation from the Cartesian space to the joint space. Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) model is used in order to model the robotic links and joints with 4x4 homogeneous matrix. The forward kinematics model is also developed and simulated in MATLAB. The mathematical model is validated by using robotic toolbox in MATLAB. By using this method, it may be applicable to get the end effector coordinate of this robotic arm and other similar types to this arm. The software development of SCORBOT-ER 4u is also described here. PC-and EtherCAT based control technology from BECKHOFF is used to control the arm to express the pick and place task. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20kinematics" title="forward kinematics">forward kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D-H%20model" title=" D-H model"> D-H model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic%20toolbox" title=" robotic toolbox"> robotic toolbox</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PC-%20and%20EtherCAT-based%20control" title=" PC- and EtherCAT-based control"> PC- and EtherCAT-based control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88479/scorbot-er-4u-using-forward-kinematics-modelling-and-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15784</span> The Control System Architecture of Space Environment Simulator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhan%20Haiyang">Zhan Haiyang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gu%20Miao"> Gu Miao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article mainly introduces the control system architecture of space environment simulator, simultaneously also briefly introduce the automation control technology of industrial process and the measurement technology of vacuum and cold black environment. According to the volume of chamber, the space environment simulator is divided into three types of small, medium and large. According to the classification and application of space environment simulator, the control system is divided into the control system of small, medium, large space environment simulator and the centralized control system of multiple space environment simulators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20environment%20simulator" title="space environment simulator">space environment simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20system" title=" control system"> control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation%20control%20technology" title=" automation control technology"> automation control technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2428/the-control-system-architecture-of-space-environment-simulator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15783</span> Cognitive and Metacognitive Space in the Task Design at Postgraduate Taught Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei%20Lin">Mei Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lana%20Yj%20Liu"> Lana Yj Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thin%20Ngoc%20Pham"> Thin Ngoc Pham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Postgraduate taught (PGT) students’ learning strategies align with what the learning task constitutes and the environment that the task creates. Cognitively, they can discover new perspectives, challenge general assumptions, establish clear connections, and synthesise information. Metacognitively, their engagement is conducive to the development of planning, monitoring, and evaluating strategies. Given that there has been a lack of longitudinal insights into international PGT students’ experiences of the cognitive and metacognitive space created in the tasks, this paper presentation aims to fill the gaps by longitudinally exploring (1) the fundamentals of task designs to create cognitive and metacognitive space and (2) the opportunities and challenges of multicultural group discussions as a pedagogical approach for the implementation of cognitive and metacognitive space in the learning tasks. Data were collected from the two rounds of semi-structured interviews with 11 international PGT students in two programmes at a UK university -at the end of semester one and at the end of semester two. The findings show that the task designs, to create cognitive and metacognitive space, need to include four interconnected factors: clarity, relevance, motivation, and practicality. In addition, international PGT students perceived that they practised and developed their cognitive and metacognitive abilities while getting immersed in multicultural group discussions. The findings, from the learners’ point of view, make some pedagogy-related suggestions to the task designs at the master’s level, particularly how to engage students in learning during their transition into higher education in a different cultural setting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20space" title="cognitive space">cognitive space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=master%20students" title=" master students"> master students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metacognitive%20space" title=" metacognitive space"> metacognitive space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=task%20design" title=" task design"> task design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177834/cognitive-and-metacognitive-space-in-the-task-design-at-postgraduate-taught-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15782</span> Effects of Pre-Task Activities on the Writing Performance of Second Language Learners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wajiha%20Fatima">Wajiha Fatima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on Rod Ellis’s (2002) the methodology of task-based teaching, this study explored the effects of pre-task activities on the Job Application letter of 102 ESL students (who were female and undergraduate learners). For this purpose, students were divided among three groups (Group A, Group B, and Group C), kept in control and experimental settings as well. Pre-task phase motivates the learners to perform the actual task. Ellis reportedly discussed four pre-task phases: (1) performing a similar task; (2) providing a model; (3) non-task preparation activities and (4) strategic planning. They were taught through above given three pre-task activities. Accordingly, the learners in control setting were supposed to write without any teaching aid while learners in an experimental situation were provided three different pre-task activities in each group. In order to compare the scores of the pre-test and post-test of the three groups, sample paired t-test was utilized. The obtained results of the written job application by the female students revealed that pre-task activities improved their performance in writing. On the other hand, the comparison of the three pre-task activities revealed that 'providing a model' outperformed the other two activities. For this purpose, ANOVA was utilized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-task%20activities" title="pre-task activities">pre-task activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language%20learners" title=" second language learners"> second language learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=task%20based%20language%20teaching" title=" task based language teaching"> task based language teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing" title=" writing"> writing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100283/effects-of-pre-task-activities-on-the-writing-performance-of-second-language-learners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15781</span> Effects of LED Lighting on Visual Comfort with Respect to the Reading Task</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ay%C5%9Fe%20Nihan%20Avc%C4%B1">Ayşe Nihan Avcı</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0pek%20Memiko%C4%9Flu"> İpek Memikoğlu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lighting systems in interior architecture need to be designed according to the function of the space, the type of task within the space, user comfort and needs. Desired and comfortable lighting levels increase task efficiency. When natural lighting is inadequate in a space, artificial lighting is additionally used to support the level of light. With the technological developments, the characteristics of light are being researched comprehensively and several business segments have focused on its qualitative and quantitative characteristics. These studies have increased awareness and usage of artificial lighting systems and researchers have investigated the effects of lighting on physical and psychological aspects of human in various ways. The aim of this study is to research the effects of illuminance levels of LED lighting on user visual comfort. Eighty participants from the Department of Interior Architecture of Çankaya University participated in three lighting scenarios consisting of 200 lux, 500 lux and 800 lux that are created with LED lighting. Each lighting scenario is evaluated according to six visual comfort criteria in which a reading task is performed. The results of the study indicated that LED lighting with three different illuminance levels affect visual comfort in different ways. The results are limited to the participants and questions that are attended and used in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illuminance%20levels" title="illuminance levels">illuminance levels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LED%20lighting" title=" LED lighting"> LED lighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reading%20task" title=" reading task"> reading task</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20comfort%20criteria" title=" visual comfort criteria"> visual comfort criteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72052/effects-of-led-lighting-on-visual-comfort-with-respect-to-the-reading-task" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15780</span> Space Vector PWM and Model Predictive Control for Voltage Source Inverter Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irtaza%20M.%20Syed">Irtaza M. Syed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaamran%20Raahemifar"> Kaamran Raahemifar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a comparative assessment of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) for two-level three phase (2L-3P) Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). VSI with associated system is subjected to both control techniques and the results are compared. Matlab/Simulink was used to model, simulate and validate the control schemes. Findings of this study show that MPC is superior to SVPWM in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD) and implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20source%20inverter" title="voltage source inverter">voltage source inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20vector%20pulse%20width%20modulation" title=" space vector pulse width modulation"> space vector pulse width modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20predictive%20control" title=" model predictive control"> model predictive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparison" title=" comparison"> comparison</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16220/space-vector-pwm-and-model-predictive-control-for-voltage-source-inverter-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15779</span> Ta-DAH: Task Driven Automated Hardware Design of Free-Flying Space Robots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucy%20Jackson">Lucy Jackson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celyn%20Walters"> Celyn Walters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steve%20Eckersley"> Steve Eckersley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mini%20Rai"> Mini Rai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Hadfield"> Simon Hadfield</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Space robots will play an integral part in exploring the universe and beyond. A correctly designed space robot will facilitate OOA, satellite servicing and ADR. However, problems arise when trying to design such a system as it is a highly complex multidimensional problem into which there is little research. Current design techniques are slow and specific to terrestrial manipulators. This paper presents a solution to the slow speed of robotic hardware design, and generalizes the technique to free-flying space robots. It presents Ta-DAH Design, an automated design approach that utilises a multi-objective cost function in an iterative and automated pipeline. The design approach leverages prior knowledge and facilitates the faster output of optimal designs. The result is a system that can optimise the size of the base spacecraft, manipulator and some key subsystems for any given task. Presented in this work is the methodology behind Ta-DAH Design and a number optimal space robot designs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20robots" title="space robots">space robots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20design" title=" automated design"> automated design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=on-orbit%20operations" title=" on-orbit operations"> on-orbit operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardware%20design" title=" hardware design"> hardware design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150830/ta-dah-task-driven-automated-hardware-design-of-free-flying-space-robots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15778</span> Control Algorithm for Home Automation Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marek%20D%C5%82ugosz">Marek Długosz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawe%C5%82%20Skruch"> Paweł Skruch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of purposes of home automation systems is to provide appropriate comfort to the users by suitable air temperature control and stabilization inside the rooms. The control of temperature level is not a simple task and the basic difficulty results from the fact that accurate parameters of the object of control, that is a building, remain unknown. Whereas the structure of the model is known, the identification of model parameters is a difficult task. In this paper, a control algorithm allowing the present temperature to be reached inside the building within the specified time without the need to know accurate parameters of the building itself is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control" title="control">control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=home%20automation%20system" title=" home automation system"> home automation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20networking" title=" wireless networking"> wireless networking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation%20engineering" title=" automation engineering"> automation engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6970/control-algorithm-for-home-automation-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6970.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">618</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15777</span> Design of Robust and Intelligent Controller for Active Removal of Space Debris</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabadini%20Sampath">Shabadini Sampath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinglang%20Feng"> Jinglang Feng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With huge kinetic energy, space debris poses a major threat to astronauts’ space activities and spacecraft in orbit if a collision happens. The active removal of space debris is required in order to avoid frequent collisions that would occur. In addition, the amount of space debris will increase uncontrollably, posing a threat to the safety of the entire space system. But the safe and reliable removal of large-scale space debris has been a huge challenge to date. While capturing and deorbiting space debris, the space manipulator has to achieve high control precision. However, due to uncertainties and unknown disturbances, there is difficulty in coordinating the control of the space manipulator. To address this challenge, this paper focuses on developing a robust and intelligent control algorithm that controls joint movement and restricts it on the sliding manifold by reducing uncertainties. A neural network adaptive sliding mode controller (NNASMC) is applied with the objective of finding the control law such that the joint motions of the space manipulator follow the given trajectory. A computed torque control (CTC) is an effective motion control strategy that is used in this paper for computing space manipulator arm torque to generate the required motion. Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, the proposed intelligent controller NNASMC and CTC guarantees the robustness and global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop control system. Finally, the controllers used in the paper are modeled and simulated using MATLAB Simulink. The results are presented to prove the effectiveness of the proposed controller approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GNC" title="GNC">GNC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20removal%20of%20space%20debris" title=" active removal of space debris"> active removal of space debris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI%20controllers" title=" AI controllers"> AI controllers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MatLabSimulink" title=" MatLabSimulink"> MatLabSimulink</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161883/design-of-robust-and-intelligent-controller-for-active-removal-of-space-debris" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15776</span> The Development of Space-Time and Space-Number Associations: The Role of Non-Symbolic vs. Symbolic Representations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Letizia%20Maria%20Drammis">Letizia Maria Drammis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Antonella%20Brandimonte"> Maria Antonella Brandimonte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The idea that people use space representations to think about time and number received support from several lines of research. However, how these representations develop in children and then shape space-time and space-number mappings is still a debated issue. In the present study, 40 children (20 pre-schoolers and 20 elementary-school children) performed 4 main tasks, which required the use of more concrete (non-symbolic) or more abstract (symbolic) space-time and space-number associations. In the non-symbolic conditions, children were required to order pictures of everyday-life events occurring in a specific temporal order (Temporal sequences) and of quantities varying in numerosity (Numerical sequences). In the symbolic conditions, they were asked to perform the typical time-to-position and number-to-position tasks by mapping time-related words and numbers onto lines. Results showed that children performed reliably better in the non-symbolic Time conditions than the symbolic Time conditions, independently of age, whereas only pre-schoolers performed worse in the Number-to-position task (symbolic) as compared to the Numerical sequence (non-symbolic) task. In addition, only older children mapped time-related words onto space following the typical left-right orientation, pre-schoolers’ performance being somewhat mixed. In contrast, mapping numbers onto space showed a clear left-right orientation, independently of age. Overall, these results indicate a cross-domain difference in the way younger and older children process time and number, with time-related tasks being more difficult than number-related tasks only when space-time tasks require symbolic representations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space-time%20associations" title="space-time associations">space-time associations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space-number%20associations" title=" space-number associations"> space-number associations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orientation" title=" orientation"> orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68757/the-development-of-space-time-and-space-number-associations-the-role-of-non-symbolic-vs-symbolic-representations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15775</span> Exploring the Impacts of Field of View on 3D Game Experiences and Task Performances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiunde%20Lee">Jiunde Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng-Yu%20Wun"> Meng-Yu Wun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study attempted to explore how the range differences of ‘Geometric Field of Vision’ (GFOV) and differences in camera control in 3D simulation games, OMSI—The Bus Simulator of the 2013 PC version, affected players’ cognitive load, anxiety, and task performances. The study employed a between-subjects factorial experimental design. A total of 80 subjects completed experiment whose data were eligible for further analysis. The results of this study showed that in the difference of field of view, players had better task performances in a spacious view. Although cognitive resources consumed more of the players’ ‘mental demand,’ ‘physical demand’, and ‘temporal demand’, they had better performances in the experiment, and their anxiety was effectively reduced. On the other hand, in the narrow GFOV, players thought they spent more cognitive resources on ‘effort’ and ‘frustration degree,’ and had worse task performances, but it was not significant enough to reduce their anxiety. In terms of difference of camera control, players had worse performances since the fixed lens restricted their dexterous control. However, there was no significant difference in the players’ subjective cognitive resources or anxiety. The results further illustrated that task performances were affected by the interaction of GFOV and camera control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometric%20field%20of%20view" title="geometric field of view">geometric field of view</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camera%20lens" title=" camera lens"> camera lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20load" title=" cognitive load"> cognitive load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title=" anxiety"> anxiety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97183/exploring-the-impacts-of-field-of-view-on-3d-game-experiences-and-task-performances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15774</span> Multi-Level Priority Based Task Scheduling Algorithm for Workflows in Cloud Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anju%20Bala">Anju Bala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inderveer%20Chana"> Inderveer Chana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Task scheduling is the key concern for the execution of performance-driven workflow applications. As efficient scheduling can have major impact on the performance of the system, task scheduling is often chosen for assigning the request to resources in an efficient way based on cloud resource characteristics. In this paper, priority based task scheduling algorithm has been proposed that prioritizes the tasks based on the length of the instructions. The proposed scheduling approach prioritize the tasks of Cloud applications according to the limits set by six sigma control charts based on dynamic threshold values. Further, the proposed algorithm has been validated through the CloudSim toolkit. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is effective for handling multiple task lists from workflows and in considerably reducing Makespan and Execution time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title="cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=priority%20based%20scheduling" title=" priority based scheduling"> priority based scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=task%20scheduling" title=" task scheduling"> task scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VM%20allocation" title=" VM allocation"> VM allocation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23630/multi-level-priority-based-task-scheduling-algorithm-for-workflows-in-cloud-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15773</span> Text Similarity in Vector Space Models: A Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omid%20Shahmirzadi">Omid Shahmirzadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Lugowski"> Adam Lugowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenneth%20Younge"> Kenneth Younge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Automatic measurement of semantic text similarity is an important task in natural language processing. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of different vector space models to perform this task. We address the real-world problem of modeling patent-to-patent similarity and compare TFIDF (and related extensions), topic models (e.g., latent semantic indexing), and neural models (e.g., paragraph vectors). Contrary to expectations, the added computational cost of text embedding methods is justified only when: 1) the target text is condensed; and 2) the similarity comparison is trivial. Otherwise, TFIDF performs surprisingly well in other cases: in particular for longer and more technical texts or for making finer-grained distinctions between nearest neighbors. Unexpectedly, extensions to the TFIDF method, such as adding noun phrases or calculating term weights incrementally, were not helpful in our context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title="big data">big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patent" title=" patent"> patent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20embedding" title=" text embedding"> text embedding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20similarity" title=" text similarity"> text similarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20space%20model" title=" vector space model"> vector space model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102930/text-similarity-in-vector-space-models-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102930.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15772</span> Parking Space Detection and Trajectory Tracking Control for Vehicle Auto-Parking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiuh-Jer%20Huang">Shiuh-Jer Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Sheng%20Hsu"> Yu-Sheng Hsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On-board available parking space detecting system, parking trajectory planning and tracking control mechanism are the key components of vehicle backward auto-parking system. Firstly, pair of ultrasonic sensors is installed on each side of vehicle body surface to detect the relative distance between ego-car and surrounding obstacle. The dimension of a found empty space can be calculated based on vehicle speed and the time history of ultrasonic sensor detecting information. This result can be used for constructing the 2D vehicle environmental map and available parking type judgment. Finally, the auto-parking controller executes the on-line optimal parking trajectory planning based on this 2D environmental map, and monitors the real-time vehicle parking trajectory tracking control. This low cost auto-parking system was tested on a model car. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20auto-parking" title="vehicle auto-parking">vehicle auto-parking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parking%20space%20detection" title=" parking space detection"> parking space detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parking%20path%20tracking%20control" title=" parking path tracking control"> parking path tracking control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20fuzzy%20controller" title=" intelligent fuzzy controller"> intelligent fuzzy controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78571/parking-space-detection-and-trajectory-tracking-control-for-vehicle-auto-parking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15771</span> Task Distraction vs. Visual Enhancement: Which Is More Effective?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huangmei%20Liu">Huangmei Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si%20Liu"> Si Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%E2%80%99nan%20Liu"> Jia’nan Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present experiment investigated and compared the effectiveness of two kinds of methods of attention control: Task distraction and visual enhancement. In the study, the effectiveness of task distractions to explicit features and of visual enhancement to implicit features of the same group of Chinese characters were compared based on their effect on the participants’ reaction time, subjective confidence rating, and verbal report. We found support that the visual enhancement on implicit features did overcome the contrary effect of training distraction and led to awareness of those implicit features, at least to some extent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=task%20distraction" title="task distraction">task distraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20enhancement" title=" visual enhancement"> visual enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attention" title=" attention"> attention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title=" awareness"> awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3302/task-distraction-vs-visual-enhancement-which-is-more-effective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15770</span> Study of Launch Recovery Control Dynamics of Retro Propulsive Reusable Rockets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratyush%20Agnihotri">Pratyush Agnihotri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The space missions are very costly because the transportation to the space is highly expensive and therefore there is the need to achieve complete re-usability in our launch vehicles to make the missions highly economic by cost cutting of the material recovered. Launcher reusability is the most efficient approach to decreasing admittance to space access economy, however stays an incredible specialized hurdle for the aerospace industry. Major concern of the difficulties lies in guidance and control procedure and calculations, specifically for those of the controlled landing stage, which should empower an exact landing with low fuel edges. Although cutting edge ways for navigation and control are present viz hybrid navigation and robust control. But for powered descent and landing of first stage of launch vehicle the guidance control is need to enable on board optimization. At first the CAD model of the launch vehicle I.e. space x falcon 9 rocket is presented for better understanding of the architecture that needs to be identified for the guidance and control solution for the recovery of the launcher. The focus is on providing the landing phase guidance scheme for recovery and re usability of first stage using retro propulsion. After reviewing various GNC solutions, to achieve accuracy in pre requisite landing online convex and successive optimization are explored as the guidance schemes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guidance" title="guidance">guidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=navigation" title=" navigation"> navigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control" title=" control"> control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retro%20propulsion" title=" retro propulsion"> retro propulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reusable%20rockets" title=" reusable rockets"> reusable rockets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160498/study-of-launch-recovery-control-dynamics-of-retro-propulsive-reusable-rockets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15769</span> Automatic Detection of Proliferative Cells in Immunohistochemically Images of Meningioma Using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and HSV Color Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahid%20Anari">Vahid Anari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Bakhshi"> Mina Bakhshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Visual search and identification of immunohistochemically stained tissue of meningioma was performed manually in pathologic laboratories to detect and diagnose the cancers type of meningioma. This task is very tedious and time-consuming. Moreover, because of cell's complex nature, it still remains a challenging task to segment cells from its background and analyze them automatically. In this paper, we develop and test a computerized scheme that can automatically identify cells in microscopic images of meningioma and classify them into positive (proliferative) and negative (normal) cells. Dataset including 150 images are used to test the scheme. The scheme uses Fuzzy C-means algorithm as a color clustering method based on perceptually uniform hue, saturation, value (HSV) color space. Since the cells are distinguishable by the human eye, the accuracy and stability of the algorithm are quantitatively compared through application to a wide variety of real images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20cell" title="positive cell">positive cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20segmentation" title=" color segmentation"> color segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HSV%20color%20space" title=" HSV color space"> HSV color space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunohistochemistry" title=" immunohistochemistry"> immunohistochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meningioma" title=" meningioma"> meningioma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thresholding" title=" thresholding"> thresholding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20c-means" title=" fuzzy c-means"> fuzzy c-means</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109638/automatic-detection-of-proliferative-cells-in-immunohistochemically-images-of-meningioma-using-fuzzy-c-means-clustering-and-hsv-color-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15768</span> Research of Control System for Space Intelligent Robot Based on Vision Servo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changchun%20Liang">Changchun Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaodong%20Zhang"> Xiaodong Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Liu"> Xin Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pengfei%20Sun"> Pengfei Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Space intelligent robotic systems are expected to play an increasingly important role in the future. The robotic on-orbital service, whose key is the tracking and capturing technology, becomes research hot in recent years. In this paper, the authors propose a vision servo control system for target capturing. Robotic manipulator will be an intelligent robotic system with large-scale movement, functional agility, and autonomous ability, and it can be operated by astronauts in the space station or be controlled by the ground operator in the remote operation mode. To realize the autonomous movement and capture mission of SRM, a kind of autonomous programming strategy based on multi-camera vision fusion is designed and the selection principle of object visual position and orientation measurement information is defined for the better precision. Distributed control system hierarchy is designed and reliability is considering to guarantee the abilities of control system. At last, a ground experiment system is set up based on the concept of robotic control system. With that, the autonomous target capturing experiments are conducted. The experiment results validate the proposed algorithm, and demonstrates that the control system can fulfill the needs of function, real-time and reliability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20system" title="control system">control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=on-orbital%20service" title=" on-orbital service"> on-orbital service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20robot" title=" space robot"> space robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vision%20servo" title=" vision servo"> vision servo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23241/research-of-control-system-for-space-intelligent-robot-based-on-vision-servo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15767</span> The Impact of Task-Based Language Teaching on Iranian Female Intermediate EFL Learners’ Writing Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gholam%20Reza%20Parvizi">Gholam Reza Parvizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Azad"> Hossein Azad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Reza%20Kargar"> Ali Reza Kargar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article investigated the impact of task-based language teaching (TBLT) on writing performance of the Iranian intermediate EFL learners. There were two groups of forty students of the intermediate female learners studying English in Jahad-e-Daneshgahi language institute, ranging in age from thirteen to nineteen. They participated in their regular classes in the institute and were assigned to two groups including an experimental group of task-based language teaching and a control group for the purpose of homogeneity, all students in two groups took an achievement test before the treatment. As a pre-test; students were assigned to write a task at the beginning of the course. One of the classes was conducted through talking a TBLT approach on their writing, while the other class followed regular patterns of teaching, namely traditional approach for TBLT group. There were some tasks chosen from learners’ textbook. The task selection was in accordance with learning standards for ESL and TOFEL writing sections. At the end of the treatment, a post-test was administered to both experimental group and the control group. Scoring was done on the basis of scoring scale of “expository writing quality scale”. The researcher used paired samples t-test to analyze the effect of TBLT teaching approach on the writing performance of the learners. The data analysis revealed that the subjects in TBLT group performed better on the writing performance post-test than the subjects in control group. The findings of the study also demonstrated that TBLT would enhance writing performance in the group of learners. Moreover, it was indicated that TBLT has been effective in teaching writing performance to Iranian EFL learners <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=task-based%20language%20teaching" title="task-based language teaching">task-based language teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=task" title=" task"> task</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20teaching%20approach" title=" language teaching approach"> language teaching approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20proficiency" title=" writing proficiency"> writing proficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFL%20learners" title=" EFL learners "> EFL learners </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59349/the-impact-of-task-based-language-teaching-on-iranian-female-intermediate-efl-learners-writing-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15766</span> Application of Fourier Series Based Learning Control on Mechatronic Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20Ba%C3%9Fler">Sandra Baßler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20D%C3%BCnow"> Peter Dünow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathias%20Marquardt"> Mathias Marquardt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Fourier series based learning control (FSBLC) algorithm for tracking trajectories of mechanical systems with unknown nonlinearities is presented. Two processes are introduced to which the FSBLC with PD controller is applied. One is a simplified service robot capable of climbing stairs due to special wheels and the other is a propeller driven pendulum with nearly the same requirements on control. Additionally to the investigation of learning the feed forward for the desired trajectories some considerations on the implementation of such an algorithm on low cost microcontroller hardware are made. Simulations of the service robot as well as practical experiments on the pendulum show the capability of the used FSBLC algorithm to perform the task of improving control behavior for repetitive task of such mechanical systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climbing%20stairs" title="climbing stairs">climbing stairs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FSBLC" title=" FSBLC"> FSBLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ILC" title=" ILC"> ILC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20robot" title=" service robot"> service robot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47470/application-of-fourier-series-based-learning-control-on-mechatronic-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15765</span> Neural Nets Based Approach for 2-Cells Power Converter Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamel%20Laidi">Kamel Laidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khelifa%20Benmansour"> Khelifa Benmansour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouahid%20Bouchhida"> Ouahid Bouchhida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Neural networks-based approach for 2-cells serial converter has been developed and implemented. The approach is based on a behavioural description of the different operating modes of the converter. Each operating mode represents a well-defined configuration, and for which is matched an operating zone satisfying given invariance conditions, depending on the capacitors' voltages and the load current of the converter. For each mode, a control vector whose components are the control signals to be applied to the converter switches has been associated. Therefore, the problem is reduced to a classification task of the different operating modes of the converter. The artificial neural nets-based approach, which constitutes a powerful tool for this kind of task, has been adopted and implemented. The application to a 2-cells chopper has allowed ensuring efficient and robust control of the load current and a high capacitors voltages balancing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20nets" title="neural nets">neural nets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control" title=" control"> control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicellular%20converters" title=" multicellular converters"> multicellular converters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2-cells%20chopper" title=" 2-cells chopper"> 2-cells chopper</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136479/neural-nets-based-approach-for-2-cells-power-converter-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">834</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15764</span> The Amount of Information Processing and Balance Performance in Children: The Dual-Task Paradigm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin-Chih%20Chiou">Chin-Chih Chiou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tai-Yuan%20Su"> Tai-Yuan Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti-Yu%20Chen"> Ti-Yu Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Yu%20Chiu"> Wen-Yu Chiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chungyu%20Chen"> Chungyu Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of reaction time (RT) or balance performance as the number of stimulus-response choices increases, the amount of information processing of 0-bit and 1-bit conditions based on Hick’s law, using the dual-task design. Eighteen children (age: 9.38 ± 0.27 years old) were recruited as the participants for this study, and asked to assess RT and balance performance separately and simultaneously as following five conditions: simple RT (0-bit decision), choice RT (1-bit decision), single balance control, balance control with simple RT, and balance control with choice RT. Biodex 950-300 balance system and You-Shang response timer were used to record and analyze the postural stability and information processing speed (RT) respectively for the participants. Repeated measures one-way ANOVA with HSD post-hoc test and 2 (balance) × 2 (amount of information processing) repeated measures two-way ANOVA were used to test the parameters of balance performance and RT (α = .05). The results showed the overall stability index in the 1-bit decision was lower than in 0-bit decision, and the mean deflection in the 1-bit decision was lower than in single balance performance. Simple RTs were faster than choice RTs both in single task condition and dual task condition. It indicated that the chronometric approach of RT could use to infer the attention requirement of the secondary task. However, this study did not find that the balance performance is interfered for children by the increasing of the amount of information processing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity%20theory" title="capacity theory">capacity theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reaction%20time" title=" reaction time"> reaction time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hick%E2%80%99s%20law" title=" Hick’s law"> Hick’s law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balance" title=" balance"> balance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69526/the-amount-of-information-processing-and-balance-performance-in-children-the-dual-task-paradigm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69526.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15763</span> Processing Big Data: An Approach Using Feature Selection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikat%20Parveen">Nikat Parveen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ananthi"> M. Ananthi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Big data is one of the emerging technology, which collects the data from various sensors and those data will be used in many fields. Data retrieval is one of the major issue where there is a need to extract the exact data as per the need. In this paper, large amount of data set is processed by using the feature selection. Feature selection helps to choose the data which are actually needed to process and execute the task. The key value is the one which helps to point out exact data available in the storage space. Here the available data is streamed and R-Center is proposed to achieve this task. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title="big data">big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key%20value" title=" key value"> key value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20selection" title=" feature selection"> feature selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retrieval" title=" retrieval"> retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74596/processing-big-data-an-approach-using-feature-selection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15762</span> Verification of Space System Dynamics Using the MATLAB Identification Toolbox in Space Qualification Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20V.%20Kim">Yuri V. Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents a new approach to the Functional Testing of Space Systems (SS). It can be considered as a generic test and used for a wide class of SS that from the point of view of System Dynamics and Control may be described by the ordinary differential equations. Suggested methodology is based on using semi-natural experiment- laboratory stand that doesn’t require complicated, precise and expensive technological control-verification equipment. However, it allows for testing system as a whole totally assembled unit during Assembling, Integration and Testing (AIT) activities, involving system hardware (HW) and software (SW). The test physically activates system input (sensors) and output (actuators) and requires recording their outputs in real time. The data is then inserted in laboratory PC where it is post-experiment processed by Matlab/Simulink Identification Toolbox. It allows for estimating system dynamics in form of estimation of system differential equations by the experimental way and comparing them with expected mathematical model prematurely verified by mathematical simulation during the design process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20dynamics" title="system dynamics">system dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20system%20ground%20tests%20and%20space%20qualification" title=" space system ground tests and space qualification"> space system ground tests and space qualification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20dynamics%20identification" title=" system dynamics identification"> system dynamics identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20attitude%20control" title=" satellite attitude control"> satellite attitude control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assembling" title=" assembling"> assembling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration%20and%20testing" title=" integration and testing"> integration and testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137789/verification-of-space-system-dynamics-using-the-matlab-identification-toolbox-in-space-qualification-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15761</span> Hybrid Control Mode Based on Multi-Sensor Information by Fuzzy Approach for Navigation Task of Autonomous Mobile Robot</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonqlan%20Lin">Jonqlan Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Y.%20Tasi"> C. Y. Tasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20H.%20Lin"> K. H. Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper addresses the issue of the autonomous mobile robot (AMR) navigation task based on the hybrid control modes. The novel hybrid control mode, based on multi-sensors information by using the fuzzy approach, has been presented in this research. The system operates in real time, is robust, enables the robot to operate with imprecise knowledge, and takes into account the physical limitations of the environment in which the robot moves, obtaining satisfactory responses for a large number of different situations. An experiment is simulated and carried out with a pioneer mobile robot. From the experimental results, the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed AMR obstacle avoidance and navigation scheme are confirmed. The experimental results show the feasibility, and the control system has improved the navigation accuracy. The implementation of the controller is robust, has a low execution time, and allows an easy design and tuning of the fuzzy knowledge base. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20mobile%20robot" title="autonomous mobile robot">autonomous mobile robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstacle%20avoidance" title=" obstacle avoidance"> obstacle avoidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MEMS" title=" MEMS"> MEMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20control%20mode" title=" hybrid control mode"> hybrid control mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=navigation%20control" title=" navigation control"> navigation control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26893/hybrid-control-mode-based-on-multi-sensor-information-by-fuzzy-approach-for-navigation-task-of-autonomous-mobile-robot" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15760</span> The Efficacy of Contractual Governance on Task and Relationship Conflict in Construction Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingya%20You">Jingya You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongqiang%20Chen"> Yongqiang Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuanyuan%20Hua"> Yuanyuan Hua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenqian%20Wang"> Wenqian Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conflict is commonplace in construction projects, and construction projects always involve designing contracts between the owner and the contractor. However, how the contract affects the level of conflict between the owner and the contractor has not been elaborated. The purpose of this paper is to explain the effects of contractual complexity on the level of conflict, including task conflict and relationship conflict, and then to demonstrate the moderating role played by the interdependence between the owner and the contractor. Using data from owners and general contractors in the Chinese construction industry, this research reveals that contractual control will reduce relationship conflict. Contractual coordination will also reduce relationship conflict by the mediating effect of task conflict. Besides, under high joint interdependence, the positive relationship between task conflict and relationship conflict is strengthened, while high interdependence asymmetry has effects on weakening the relationship between task conflict and relationship conflict. The findings provide guidance for contract designers to draft suitable contracts in order to effectively deal with conflict. Additionally, this research implies that project managers should highlight the importance of contract in conflict management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20projects" title="construction projects">construction projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contract%20governance" title=" contract governance"> contract governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interdependence" title=" interdependence"> interdependence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relationship%20conflict" title=" relationship conflict"> relationship conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=task%20conflict" title=" task conflict"> task conflict</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100047/the-efficacy-of-contractual-governance-on-task-and-relationship-conflict-in-construction-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15759</span> Classification of Traffic Complex Acoustic Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Wang">Bin Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Kang"> Jian Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After years of development, the study of soundscape has been refined to the types of urban space and building. Traffic complex takes traffic function as the core, with obvious design features of architectural space combination and traffic streamline. The acoustic environment is strongly characterized by function, space, material, user and other factors. Traffic complex integrates various functions of business, accommodation, entertainment and so on. It has various forms, complex and varied experiences, and its acoustic environment is turned rich and interesting with distribution and coordination of various functions, division and unification of the mass, separation and organization of different space and the cross and the integration of multiple traffic flow. In this study, it made field recordings of each space of various traffic complex, and extracted and analyzed different acoustic elements, including changes in sound pressure, frequency distribution, steady sound source, sound source information and other aspects, to make cluster analysis of each independent traffic complex buildings. It divided complicated traffic complex building space into several typical sound space from acoustic environment perspective, mainly including stable sound space, high-pressure sound space, rhythm sound space and upheaval sound space. This classification can further deepen the study of subjective evaluation and control of the acoustic environment of traffic complex. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soundscape" title="soundscape">soundscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20complex" title=" traffic complex"> traffic complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster%20analysis" title=" cluster analysis"> cluster analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57017/classification-of-traffic-complex-acoustic-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15758</span> State’s Responsibility of Space Debris</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athari%20Farhani">Athari Farhani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abstract The existence of space debris is a direct implication of human activities in outer space. The amount of orbital debris resulting from human exploration and use of outer space has been steadily increasing in the history of human exploration and use of outer space, so that space debris in the responsibility of the launching state. Space debris not only hs a direct impact on environmentalpollution but can also harm and endanger the safety of human life. Despite the legal provisions governing the exploration and use of outer space, both international space law and liability convention, however, these legal provisions are only basic prinsiples, so that further thought or effort are needed, such as new international legal instruments to regulate the existence of space debris. The method used in this research is normative juridical with an approach to written legal regulation, especially international agreements related to space law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%E2%80%99s%20responsibility" title="state’s responsibility">state’s responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20debris" title=" space debris"> space debris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outerspace" title=" outerspace"> outerspace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title=" international law"> international law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167497/states-responsibility-of-space-debris" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15757</span> Zonal and Sequential Extraction Design for Large Flat Space to Achieve Perpetual Tenability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingjun%20Xu">Mingjun Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Pun%20Wan"> Man Pun Wan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study proposed an effective smoke control strategy for the large flat space with a low ceiling to achieve the requirement of perpetual tenability. For the large flat space with a low ceiling, the depth of the smoke reservoir is very shallow, and it is difficult to perpetually constrain the smoke within a limited space. A series of numerical tests were conducted to determine the smoke strategy. A zonal design i.e., the fire zone and two adjacent zones was proposed and validated to be effective in controlling smoke. Once a fire happens in a compartment space, the Engineered Smoke Control (ESC) system will be activated in three zones i.e., the fire zone, in which the fire happened, and two adjacent zones. The smoke can be perpetually constrained within the three smoke zones. To further improve the extraction efficiency, sequential activation of the ESC system within the 3 zones turned out to be more efficient than simultaneous activation. Additionally, the proposed zonal and sequential extraction design can reduce the mechanical extraction flow rate by up to 40.7 % as compared to the conventional method, which is much more economical than that of the conventional method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance-based%20design" title="performance-based design">performance-based design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perpetual%20tenability" title=" perpetual tenability"> perpetual tenability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smoke%20control" title=" smoke control"> smoke control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20plume" title=" fire plume"> fire plume</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172186/zonal-and-sequential-extraction-design-for-large-flat-space-to-achieve-perpetual-tenability" class="btn btn-primary 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