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id="toc-Legal_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Legal sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_colours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_colours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>National colours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_colours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants_of_the_national_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants_of_the_national_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Variants of the national flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants_of_the_national_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Right_and_obligation_to_fly_the_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Right_and_obligation_to_fly_the_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Right and obligation to fly the flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Right_and_obligation_to_fly_the_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flag_without_coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flag_without_coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Flag without coat of arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flag_without_coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flag_with_coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flag_with_coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Flag with coat of arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flag_with_coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flag_flying_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flag_flying_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Flag flying days</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flag_flying_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_flag_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_flag_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Common flag practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_flag_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flag_protocol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flag_protocol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Flag protocol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flag_protocol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Royal_banner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_banner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Royal banner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_banner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_cockade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_cockade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>National cockade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_cockade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twentieth_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twentieth_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Twentieth century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twentieth_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shades_of_red" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shades_of_red"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Shades of red</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shades_of_red-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_and_similar_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_and_similar_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Related and similar flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_and_similar_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Official_documents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_documents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.2</span> <span>Official documents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-News" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#News"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.3</span> <span>News</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-News-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Web" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Web"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.4</span> <span>Web</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Web-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Flag of Poland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8D%96%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5_%E1%88%B0%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B0%E1%89%85_%E1%8B%93%E1%88%8B%E1%88%9B" title="የፖላንድ ሰንደቅ ዓላማ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የፖላንድ ሰንደቅ ዓላማ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="علم بولندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم بولندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C5%9Fa_bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Polşa bayrağı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Polşa bayrağı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kob%C3%A9r_Polandia" title="Kobér Polandia – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kobér Polandia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B" title="Сцяг Польшчы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сцяг Польшчы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B" title="Сьцяг Польшчы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сьцяг Польшчы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Национално знаме на Полша – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Национално знаме на Полша" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Poljske" title="Zastava Poljske – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zastava Poljske" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banniel_Polonia" title="Banniel Polonia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Banniel Polonia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Bandera de Polònia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bandera de Polònia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Польша ялавĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Польша ялавĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsk%C3%A1_vlajka" title="Polská vlajka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polská vlajka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baner_Gwlad_Pwyl" title="Baner Gwlad Pwyl – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Baner Gwlad Pwyl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polens_flag" title="Polens flag – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Polens flag" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagge_Polens" title="Flagge Polens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flagge Polens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lska_ch%C3%B3rgoj" title="Pólska chórgoj – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pólska chórgoj" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poola_lipp" title="Poola lipp – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Poola lipp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Σημαία της Πολωνίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σημαία της Πολωνίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_Polonia" title="Bandera de Polonia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bandera de Polonia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flago_de_Pollando" title="Flago de Pollando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Flago de Pollando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniako_bandera" title="Poloniako bandera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Poloniako bandera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پرچم لهستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرچم لهستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapeau_de_la_Pologne" title="Drapeau de la Pologne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Drapeau de la Pologne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratach_na_Polainne" title="Bratach na Polainne – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bratach na Polainne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brattagh_y_Pholynn" title="Brattagh y Pholynn – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Brattagh y Pholynn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandeira_de_Polonia" title="Bandeira de Polonia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bandeira de Polonia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B8%B0" title="폴란드의 국기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴란드의 국기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B7" title="Լեհաստանի դրոշ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեհաստանի դրոշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C" title="पोलैंड का ध्वज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पोलैंड का ध्वज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lska_chorhoj" title="Pólska chorhoj – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Pólska chorhoj" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Poljske" title="Zastava Poljske – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zastava Poljske" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পোল্যান্ডর ফিরালহান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পোল্যান্ডর ফিরালহান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera_Polandia" title="Bendera Polandia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bendera Polandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1ni_P%C3%B3llands" title="Fáni Póllands – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fáni Póllands" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandiera_della_Polonia" title="Bandiera della Polonia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bandiera della Polonia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="דגל פולין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דגל פולין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gend%C3%A9ra_Polen" title="Gendéra Polen – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gendéra Polen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90" title="პოლონეთის დროშა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოლონეთის დროშა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera_ya_Poland" title="Bendera ya Poland – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bendera ya Poland" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexillum_Poloniae" title="Vexillum Poloniae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vexillum Poloniae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polijas_karogs" title="Polijas karogs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Polijas karogs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenkijos_v%C4%97liava" title="Lenkijos vėliava – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lenkijos vėliava" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_la_Polonia" title="Bandera de la Polonia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bandera de la Polonia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengyelorsz%C3%A1g_z%C3%A1szlaja" title="Lengyelország zászlaja – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lengyelország zászlaja" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Знаме на Полска – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Знаме на Полска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95" title="പോളണ്ടിന്റെ ദേശീയ പതാക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പോളണ്ടിന്റെ ദേശീയ പതാക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C" title="पोलंडचा ध्वज – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोलंडचा ध्वज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="علم بولندا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="علم بولندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera_Poland" title="Bendera Poland – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bendera Poland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlag_van_Polen" title="Vlag van Polen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vlag van Polen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="ポーランドの国旗 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポーランドの国旗" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polens_flagg" title="Polens flagg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polens flagg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_polske_flagget" title="Det polske flagget – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det polske flagget" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9D%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੋਲੈਂਡ ਦਾ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਝੰਡਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੋਲੈਂਡ ਦਾ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਝੰਡਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85" title="پولینڈ دا قومی پرچم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پولینڈ دا قومی پرچم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagg_vun_Polen" title="Flagg vun Polen – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Flagg vun Polen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaga_Polski" title="Flaga Polski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Flaga Polski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandeira_da_Pol%C3%B3nia" title="Bandeira da Polónia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bandeira da Polónia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapelul_Poloniei" title="Drapelul Poloniei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Drapelul Poloniei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Флаг Польши – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Флаг Польши" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banner_o_Poland" title="Banner o Poland – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Banner o Poland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamuri_i_Polonis%C3%AB" title="Flamuri i Polonisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Flamuri i Polonisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bannera_pulacca" title="Bannera pulacca – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bannera pulacca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Poland" title="Flag of Poland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Flag of Poland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlajka_Po%C4%BEska" title="Vlajka Poľska – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vlajka Poľska" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fana_Polski" title="Fana Polski – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Fana Polski" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Застава Пољске – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Застава Пољске" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Poljske" title="Zastava Poljske – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zastava Poljske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puolan_lippu" title="Puolan lippu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puolan lippu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polens_flagga" title="Polens flagga – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polens flagga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watawat_ng_Polonya" title="Watawat ng Polonya – Tagalog" lang="tl" 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padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaga_Polski" class="extiw" title="pl:Flaga Polski">the corresponding article</a> in Polish</b>.  <i><small>(May 2022)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFlaga_Polski&sl=pl&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Polish article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Consider <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Expand_Polish#Topics_and_categorization" title="Template:Expand Polish">adding a topic</a></b> to this template: there are already 523 articles in the <a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_Polish_Wikipedia" title="Category:Articles needing translation from Polish Wikipedia">main category</a>, and specifying<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|topic=</code> will aid in categorization.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Polish Wikipedia article at [[:pl:Flaga Polski]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|pl|Flaga Polski}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Flag_of_Poland" title="Talk:Flag of Poland">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Republic of Poland</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="display:none"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/255px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/383px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/510px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Flag of the Republic of Poland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vexillological_symbol" title="Vexillological symbol">Use</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">National flag</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_111000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FIAV_111000.svg/23px-FIAV_111000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FIAV_111000.svg/35px-FIAV_111000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FIAV_111000.svg/46px-FIAV_111000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Proportion</th><td class="infobox-data">5:8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Adopted</th><td class="infobox-data">1 August 1919<span class="noprint">; 105 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1919-08-01</span>)</span> (officially)<br /> 31 January 1980<span class="noprint">; 45 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1980-01-31</span>)</span> (restored)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">A horizontal <a href="/wiki/Bicolour_(flag)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicolour (flag)">bicolour</a> of white and red</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="display:none"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background: #DEDEE2; color:inherit;"><b>Flag with coat of arms of the Republic of Poland</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Poland_(with_coat_of_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Poland_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/168px-Flag_of_Poland_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="168" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Poland_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/253px-Flag_of_Poland_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Poland_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/336px-Flag_of_Poland_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vexillological_symbol" title="Vexillological symbol">Use</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/State_flag" title="State flag">State flag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_ensign" title="Civil ensign">civil</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_ensign" class="mw-redirect" title="State ensign">state ensign</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_010110.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State flag, state and civil ensign"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/FIAV_010110.svg/23px-FIAV_010110.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/FIAV_010110.svg/35px-FIAV_010110.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/FIAV_010110.svg/46px-FIAV_010110.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Proportion</th><td class="infobox-data">5:8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Adopted</th><td class="infobox-data">1919; last modified 1990</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">A horizontal <a href="/wiki/Bicolour_(flag)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicolour (flag)">bicolour</a> of white and red <a href="/wiki/Defacement_(flag)" title="Defacement (flag)">defaced</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Poland" title="Coat of arms of Poland">arms of Poland</a> in the white stripe.</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="display:none"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg/210px-Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg/315px-Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg/420px-Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vexillological_symbol" title="Vexillological symbol">Use</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Naval_ensign" title="Naval ensign">Naval ensign</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_000001.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="War ensign"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/FIAV_000001.svg/23px-FIAV_000001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/FIAV_000001.svg/35px-FIAV_000001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/FIAV_000001.svg/46px-FIAV_000001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Proportion</th><td class="infobox-data">10:21</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Adopted</th><td class="infobox-data">19 February 1993<span class="noprint">; 32 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1993-02-19</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">A flag consisting of two stripes, white and red, terminated in two triangular tongues on a free leech. In the center of the white strip, in the part between the louvre and the apex of the indentation between the tongues, is the emblem of the Republic of Poland.</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="display:none"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background: #DEDEE2; color:inherit;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pennant_of_the_president_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Pennant of the president of the Republic of Poland">Pennant of the president of the Republic of Poland</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_President_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_President_of_Poland.svg/127px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="127" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_President_of_Poland.svg/191px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_President_of_Poland.svg/254px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2481" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vexillological_symbol" title="Vexillological symbol">Use</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_standard" title="Presidential standard">Presidential standard</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_000000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological symbol"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/FIAV_000000.svg/23px-FIAV_000000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/FIAV_000000.svg/35px-FIAV_000000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/FIAV_000000.svg/46px-FIAV_000000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Proportion</th><td class="infobox-data">5:6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Adopted</th><td class="infobox-data">1919 (original)<br /> 1927 (officially)<br /> 26 January 1996 (restored)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">Crowned white eagle in a red field bordered with a white wavy line.</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">national flag</a> of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> (<span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">flaga Polski</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[ˈfla.ɡa<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈpɔl.ski]</a></span>) consists of two horizontal stripes of equal width, the upper one white and the lower one red. The two colours are defined in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Poland" title="Constitution of Poland">Polish constitution</a> as the <a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">national colours</a>. A variant of the flag with the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Poland" title="Coat of arms of Poland">national coat of arms</a> in the middle of the white <a href="/wiki/Fess" title="Fess">fess</a> is legally reserved for official use abroad and at sea. A similar flag with the addition of a white eagle is used as the <a href="/wiki/Naval_ensign_of_Poland" title="Naval ensign of Poland">naval ensign of Poland</a>. </p><p>White and red were officially adopted as national colours in 1831, although these were associated with Poland since the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and were emphasized on <a href="/wiki/Banner_of_Poland" title="Banner of Poland">royal banners</a>. They are of <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldic</a> origin and derive from the <a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">tinctures</a> (colours) of the coats of arms of the two constituent nations of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> (i.e., the White Eagle of Poland, and the <a href="/wiki/Pahonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahonia">Pursuer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>, a white knight riding a white horse), both on a red shield. </p><p>Until 1831, Polish soldiers wore <a href="/wiki/Cockade" title="Cockade">cockades</a> of various colour combinations. The national flag was officially adopted in 1919. Since 2004, <a href="/wiki/Polish_National_Flag_Day" title="Polish National Flag Day">Polish Flag Day</a> has been celebrated on 2 May. </p><p>The flag is flown continuously on the buildings of the highest national authorities, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sejm_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sejm of the Republic of Poland">parliament</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace,_Warsaw" title="Presidential Palace, Warsaw">presidential palace</a>. Other institutions and many Polish people fly the national flag on national holidays and other special occasions of national significance. Current Polish law does not restrict the use of the national flag without the coat of arms, as long as the flag is not disrespected. </p><p>Horizontal bicolours of white and red being a relatively widespread design, several flags are similar but unrelated to the Polish one. Two national flags (<a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Indonesia" title="Flag of Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Monaco" title="Flag of Monaco">Monaco</a>) have the red stripe above the white one. In <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, many flags based on the national design also feature the national colours. </p><p>It is one of five flags that use the 5:8 ratio. The other four flags include those of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Argentina" title="Flag of Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Guatemala" title="Flag of Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Palau" title="Flag of Palau">Palau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sweden" title="Flag of Sweden">Sweden</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barwy_Rzeczypospolitej_Polskiej.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Barwy_Rzeczypospolitej_Polskiej.svg/170px-Barwy_Rzeczypospolitej_Polskiej.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Barwy_Rzeczypospolitej_Polskiej.svg/255px-Barwy_Rzeczypospolitej_Polskiej.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Barwy_Rzeczypospolitej_Polskiej.svg/340px-Barwy_Rzeczypospolitej_Polskiej.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Horizontal and vertical display of the colours of the Republic of Poland</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_sources">Legal sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legal sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The colours and flags of the Republic of Poland are described in two legal documents: the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the Republic of Poland">Constitution of the Republic of Poland</a> of 1997<sup id="cite_ref-const_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-const-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Coat of Arms, Colours and Anthem of the Republic of Poland and State Seals Act (<span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">Ustawa o godle, barwach i hymnie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej oraz o pieczęciach państwowych</i></span>) of 1980 with subsequent amendments<sup id="cite_ref-act_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (henceforth referred to as "the Coat of Arms Act"). </p><p>Legislation concerning the national symbols is far from perfect. The Coat of Arms Act has been amended several times and refers extensively to executive ordinances, some of which have never been issued. Moreover, the Act contains errors, omissions and inconsistencies which make the law confusing, open to various interpretations and often not followed in practice.<sup id="cite_ref-nik_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_colours">National colours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: National colours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; margin:0 1em;"> <caption><small>Statutory coordinates of Polish national colours in the <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">CIE xyY</a> <a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">colour space</a> with the tolerated <a href="/wiki/Color_difference" title="Color difference">colour differences</a> in <a href="/wiki/CIELUV" title="CIELUV">CIELUV</a><sup id="cite_ref-act_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Colour<sup id="cite_ref-colour_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-colour-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th align="center">x </th> <th align="center">y </th> <th align="center">Y </th> <th align="center">ΔE </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:20px; background:#FFFFFF;">  </td> <td>White </td> <td align="center">0.315 </td> <td align="center">0.320 </td> <td align="center">82.0 </td> <td align="center">4.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #D4213D">  </td> <td>Red </td> <td align="center">0.570 </td> <td align="center">0.305 </td> <td align="center">16.0 </td> <td align="center">8.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6">Illuminant C, measurement geometry d/0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to Chapter I, Article 28, paragraph 2 of the Constitution, the national colours of Poland are white and red.<sup id="cite_ref-const_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-const-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Coat of Arms Act, Article 4, further specifies that the colours are white and red in two horizontal, parallel stripes of equal width, of which the top one is white and the bottom one is red.<sup id="cite_ref-act_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the colours are displayed vertically, the white stripe is placed on the left from the onlooker's viewpoint. Attachment no. 2 to the Act shows the national colours in both horizontal and vertical alignment, as well as the official shades of both colours expressed as coordinates in the <a href="/wiki/CIE_xyY" class="mw-redirect" title="CIE xyY">CIE xyY</a> (CIE 1931) <a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">colour space</a> with the tolerated <a href="/wiki/Color_difference" title="Color difference">colour differences</a> (ΔE) specified in the CIE 1976 (<i>L</i>*, <i>u</i>*, <i>v</i>*) colour space (<a href="/wiki/CIELUV" title="CIELUV">CIELUV</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-act_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variants_of_the_national_flag">Variants of the national flag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Variants of the national flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polish_flag_with_coat_of_arms_construction_sheet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Polish_flag_with_coat_of_arms_construction_sheet.svg/220px-Polish_flag_with_coat_of_arms_construction_sheet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Polish_flag_with_coat_of_arms_construction_sheet.svg/330px-Polish_flag_with_coat_of_arms_construction_sheet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Polish_flag_with_coat_of_arms_construction_sheet.svg/440px-Polish_flag_with_coat_of_arms_construction_sheet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>An unofficial construction sheet of the flag with coat of arms, based on specifications in Polish law</figcaption></figure> <p>The Constitution contains no mention of a national flag. Instead, the flag is defined by the Coat of Arms Act which specifies two variants of the national flag: the <b>national flag of the Republic of Poland</b> (<span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">flaga państwowa Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej</i></span>) and the <b>national flag with coat of arms of the Republic of Poland</b> (<i><span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">flaga państwowa z godłem Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej</i></span></i>). Both flags are defined in Article 6 of the act as follows: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <ol><li>The state flag of the Republic of Poland is a rectangular piece of cloth in the colours of the Republic of Poland hoisted on a flagpole.</li> <li>The state flag of the Republic of Poland is also the flag specified in paragraph 1, with the coat of arms of the Republic of Poland placed in the middle of the white stripe.<sup id="cite_ref-act_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag terminology">hoist to fly</a> ratio for both flags is 5:8. For the latter flag, the proportion between the <a href="/wiki/Inescutcheon" title="Inescutcheon">inescutcheon</a> of the coat of arms and the hoist is 2:5. Images of both variations of the flag can be found in attachment no. 3 to the Coat of Arms Act.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Right_and_obligation_to_fly_the_flag">Right and obligation to fly the flag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Right and obligation to fly the flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per Polish law, treating the national symbols, including the flag, "with reverence and respect" is the "right and obligation" of every Polish citizen and all state organs, institutions and organisations.<sup id="cite_ref-act_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public disrespect, destruction or intentional removal of the flag is considered a crime punishable by a <a href="/wiki/Fine_(penalty)" title="Fine (penalty)">fine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penal_labour" title="Penal labour">penal servitude</a> or up to one year of <a href="/wiki/Prison" title="Prison">imprisonment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-penal_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-penal-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Official statistics show that crimes against national symbols are rare: 43 such crimes in 2003 and 96 in 2004 were less than 0.001% of all crimes registered in Poland in those years.<sup id="cite_ref-nik_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other, unspecified violation of regulations on the Polish flag is an <a href="/wiki/Infraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Infraction">infraction</a>, punishable by a fine or up to one month imprisonment.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Coat of Arms Act, everyone can use the Polish flag, especially during national and cultural events, as long as it is done in a respectful manner.<sup id="cite_ref-act_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This liberty in the use of national colours is a relative novelty. Until 2004, Polish citizens were only allowed to fly the Polish flag on national holidays. The use of both variants was restricted, but only flying the flag with coat of arms was, from 1955 to 1985, punishable by a fine or arrest for up to one year.<sup id="cite_ref-nik_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1985, unauthorised use of any national symbol was an infraction. A possible explanation to such harsh measures was the fact that the officially promoted holiday of <a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">1 May</a> was separated by only one day from the pre-war (and current) national holiday of Poland, the anniversary of signing of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_3_May_1791" title="Constitution of 3 May 1791">Constitution of 3 May 1791</a>. While hoisting a flag on 1 May was acceptable, no later than the following day it had to be taken down.<sup id="cite_ref-urok_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urok-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warsaw_2023_255.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Warsaw_2023_255.jpg/220px-Warsaw_2023_255.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Warsaw_2023_255.jpg/330px-Warsaw_2023_255.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Warsaw_2023_255.jpg/440px-Warsaw_2023_255.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="4210" /></a><figcaption>Flag without the coat of arms</figcaption></figure> <p>That restriction and kind of state monopoly on the use of national symbols during the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1945%E2%80%931989)" title="History of Poland (1945–1989)">Communist regime</a> made flying the Polish flag a symbol of resistance against the government. It became customary, as it still is, for workers to hoist Polish flags on plant buildings when going on <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike</a>. That is why the Polish flag, as a symbol of patriotism and resistance against the Communist rule, is part of the <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a> trade union <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_logo" title="Solidarity logo">logo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flag_without_coat_of_arms">Flag without coat of arms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Flag without coat of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm/220px--Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="1" data-mwtitle="Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm/Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm/Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm/Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm/Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm/Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm/Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm/Polish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APolish_Flag_at_Arkadia_in_Warsaw_2015.webm&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The following institutions are required by law to fly the national flag without coat of arms either on top or in front of their official buildings: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a> (lower house of parliament);</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Poland" title="Senate of Poland">Senat</a> (upper house of parliament);</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Republic of Poland">President of the Republic</a>;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Ministers of Poland">Council of Ministers</a> (cabinet) and the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland">President of the Council of Ministers</a> (Prime Minister);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_sejmik" title="Voivodeship sejmik">Voivodeship sejmiks</a> (provincial legislatures);</li> <li>other state and local government organs.</li></ul> <p>Additionally, the national flag without coat of arms is used as an <a href="/wiki/Ensign_(flag)" title="Ensign (flag)">ensign</a> for <a href="/wiki/Inland_navigation" title="Inland navigation">inland navigation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-act_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flag_with_coat_of_arms">Flag with coat of arms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Flag with coat of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polish_flag_with_coat_of_arms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Polish_flag_with_coat_of_arms.jpg/220px-Polish_flag_with_coat_of_arms.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Polish_flag_with_coat_of_arms.jpg/330px-Polish_flag_with_coat_of_arms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Polish_flag_with_coat_of_arms.jpg/440px-Polish_flag_with_coat_of_arms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Flag with the coat of arms</figcaption></figure> <p>While the ban on using the flag without coat of arms has been lifted, the use of the national flag with coat of arms is still legally restricted and should be flown only: </p> <ul><li>on or in front of Polish <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">embassies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Consul_(representative)" title="Consul (representative)">consulates</a> and other representative offices and missions abroad, as well as by Polish ambassadors and consuls on their residences and vehicles;</li> <li>at civilian <a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">airports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heliport" title="Heliport">heliports</a> (<a href="/wiki/Civil_air_ensign" title="Civil air ensign">civil air ensign</a>);</li> <li>on civilian <a href="/wiki/Airplane" title="Airplane">airplanes</a> – only during international flights;</li> <li>on buildings of <a href="/wiki/Seaport" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport">seaport</a> authorities;</li> <li>as a <a href="/wiki/Civil_ensign" title="Civil ensign">merchant (civil) ensign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-act_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In practice, however, the restriction is often ignored and the two flags, with and without the coat of arms, are treated as interchangeable.<sup id="cite_ref-nik_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The variant with the coat of arms, even though its incorrect usage, is often used by the <a href="/wiki/Polish_diaspora" title="Polish diaspora">Polonia</a>, or Polish diaspora outside Poland, especially in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-prez_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prez-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flag_flying_days">Flag flying days</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Flag flying days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benedykt_0041.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Benedykt_0041.jpg/220px-Benedykt_0041.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Benedykt_0041.jpg/330px-Benedykt_0041.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Benedykt_0041.jpg/440px-Benedykt_0041.jpg 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption>The Polish, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vatican_City" title="Flag of Vatican City">Papal</a> (yellow and white) and <a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Krak%C3%B3w" title="Symbols of Kraków">Municipal</a> (white and blue) flags in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Grand_Square,_Krak%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Square, Kraków">Grand Square</a> during <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>'s visit to Poland on 27 May 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>State and local government organs are legally required, and other institutions and organisations as well as all citizens are encouraged to fly the Polish flag on the following days: </p> <ul><li>1 May – State Holiday (<a href="/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">May Day</a>, formerly <a href="/wiki/Labour_Day" title="Labour Day">Labor Day</a>);</li> <li>2 May – <a href="/wiki/Polish_National_Flag_Day" title="Polish National Flag Day">Polish National Flag Day</a>;</li> <li>3 May – <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_May_3,_1791" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of May 3, 1791">Constitution</a> Day (along with <a href="/wiki/Polish_National_Flag_Day" title="Polish National Flag Day">Polish National Flag Day</a>);</li> <li>11 November – <a href="/wiki/National_Independence_Day_(Poland)" title="National Independence Day (Poland)">Independence Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nik_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_flag_practice">Common flag practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Common flag practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The flag is often popularly flown during important sporting events, such as the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a>, if Polish athletes are participating;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and during an official visit of a particularly important person, especially a <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a>, in Poland. During a pope's visit, the national flag is usually flown together with yellow and white <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Church</a> flags, and white and blue <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Marian</a> flags.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is uncommon to fly the national flag on personal occasions, such as birthdays or weddings.<sup id="cite_ref-nik_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to polls, about one out of three Poles say they own a Polish flag, and about one out of four fly it on national holidays. Such public display of patriotism is much more common in western Poland, especially in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Greater Poland</a>, than in other parts of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-nik_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flag_protocol">Flag protocol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Flag protocol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zgromadzenie_Narodowe_6_sierpnia_2015_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Zgromadzenie_Narodowe_6_sierpnia_2015_01.JPG/220px-Zgromadzenie_Narodowe_6_sierpnia_2015_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Zgromadzenie_Narodowe_6_sierpnia_2015_01.JPG/330px-Zgromadzenie_Narodowe_6_sierpnia_2015_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Zgromadzenie_Narodowe_6_sierpnia_2015_01.JPG/440px-Zgromadzenie_Narodowe_6_sierpnia_2015_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5451" data-file-height="3634" /></a><figcaption>Example of vertical alignment of Polish national colours inside the <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a> chamber</figcaption></figure> <p>Flags in Poland are used according to a customary, rather than legal, <a href="/wiki/Flag_protocol" title="Flag protocol">flag protocol</a>. Apart from the obligation to treat the flag with due respect, Polish law does not offer a detailed code of correct usage of the Polish flag. Some organisations and public institutions, such as the Heraldic and Vexillological Institute and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Chamber_of_Control_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Chamber of Control of the Republic of Poland">Supreme Chamber of Control</a> have proposed written flag protocols for the Polish flag, based on custom, flag protocols of other countries such as <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">India</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">United States</a>, and common sense. These guidelines, however, are not legally binding.<sup id="cite_ref-nik_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ihw_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ihw-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, the national flag is reserved to serve either informative or festive purposes. A single specimen of the flag on or in front of a public office building indicates its official role. Multiple flags, on the other hand, are normally used to decorate both public and private buildings to mark special occasions, such as national holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-nik_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Polish_heraldry" title="Polish heraldry">Polish heraldry</a>, the tincture of the charge has priority in relation to the tincture of the field. In the case of Polish national colours, white, the colour of the White Eagle, should always be placed in a more honorable position than red, the colour of the field of the Polish coat of arms. In the most usual, horizontal alignment, this means that the white stripe is placed above the red one. If the alignment is vertical, the white stripe should be on the left from the onlooker's point of view. If the flag is hung vertically above a street, the white stripe should be placed on the left when looking in the direction of increasing house numbers. If it drapes a coffin, the white stripe should be placed over the heart.<sup id="cite_ref-ihw_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ihw-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The flag should be raised before 8 a.m. and lowered at sunset, and if flown at night, it should be illuminated.<sup id="cite_ref-nik_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a ceremonial raising of the flag, the <a href="/wiki/Mazurek_D%C4%85browskiego" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazurek Dąbrowskiego">national anthem</a> is played so that the timing of the raising matches the duration of the anthem.<sup id="cite_ref-ihw_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ihw-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Civilians pay respect by standing in a dignified manner; additionally, men uncover their heads. Members of uniformed services stand at attention; if their uniform includes headgear and they are not standing in an organised group, they also perform the <a href="/wiki/Two-finger_salute" title="Two-finger salute">two-finger salute</a>. <a href="/wiki/Colour_guard" title="Colour guard">Colour guards</a> dip their banners to the flag.<sup id="cite_ref-act_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sEqYG_ynRtE">See video</a>) </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polish,_Lesser_Poland_and_EU_flags.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Polish%2C_Lesser_Poland_and_EU_flags.jpg/170px-Polish%2C_Lesser_Poland_and_EU_flags.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Polish%2C_Lesser_Poland_and_EU_flags.jpg/255px-Polish%2C_Lesser_Poland_and_EU_flags.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Polish%2C_Lesser_Poland_and_EU_flags.jpg/340px-Polish%2C_Lesser_Poland_and_EU_flags.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1262" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Example of indoor display of the flag of Poland (center) together with other flags: that of the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Lesser Poland Voivodeship">Lesser Poland Voivodeship</a> (left) and the <a href="/wiki/European_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="European flag">European flag</a> (right)</figcaption></figure> <p>According to generally accepted standards of respect, the national flag should never be dipped to any person or thing. Care should be taken to prevent the flag from touching the ground, floor or water beneath it. It should be also secured from being torn off or falling to the ground and it should not be flown outdoors during a heavy rain, blizzard or very strong wind. The flag should never be flown dirty, torn or faded. When no longer in a fit condition to be used, it should be disposed of in a dignified manner, preferably by cutting it in half so as to separate the colours and then, burning.<sup id="cite_ref-nik_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ihw_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ihw-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When displayed with other flags, the Polish flag should be raised first and lowered last. Each flag must be flown from a separate pole of the same height, but the flag of Poland should be always placed in the most honorable position.<sup id="cite_ref-nik_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It means that if the total number of flags is even, the Polish flag should be placed to its right of the other flags. If the total number of flags is odd, it should be placed in the middle. Alternatively, two Polish flags may be placed, one at each end of the row of flags.<sup id="cite_ref-ihw_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ihw-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The order of precedence for flags is as follows: </p> <ul><li>flag of Poland,</li> <li>national flags of other countries (in alphabetical order),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voivodeships_of_Poland" title="Voivodeships of Poland">voivodeship</a> flags,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powiat" title="Powiat">county</a> flags,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina" title="Gmina">commune</a> flags,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="European flag">European flag</a>,</li> <li>flags of domestic organisations,</li> <li>flags of international organisations,</li> <li>public services flags,</li> <li>corporate flags,</li> <li>other flags.<sup id="cite_ref-ihw_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ihw-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The President of the Republic may announce a period of <a href="/wiki/National_day_of_mourning" title="National day of mourning">national mourning</a>. During that time Polish flags are flown at <a href="/wiki/Half-staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-staff">half-staff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-act_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If a flag is flown from a wooden pole rather than a staff or mast, a black ribbon is attached to the pole as a sign of mourning or a black flag is flown to its left from the national flag.<sup id="cite_ref-nik_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_banner">Royal banner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Royal banner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Banner_of_Poland" title="Banner of Poland">Banner of Poland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Chor%C4%85%C5%BCy_of_the_Polish_Crown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Great_Chor%C4%85%C5%BCy_of_the_Polish_Crown.jpg/220px-Great_Chor%C4%85%C5%BCy_of_the_Polish_Crown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Great_Chor%C4%85%C5%BCy_of_the_Polish_Crown.jpg/330px-Great_Chor%C4%85%C5%BCy_of_the_Polish_Crown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Great_Chor%C4%85%C5%BCy_of_the_Polish_Crown.jpg/440px-Great_Chor%C4%85%C5%BCy_of_the_Polish_Crown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="2325" /></a><figcaption>Stanisław Sobieski, Grand Standard Bearer of the Polish Crown, carrying King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III's</a> double-swallow-tailed royal banner consisting of red and white stripes emblazoned with a coat of arms combining the heraldic symbols of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1385%E2%80%931569)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Sweden</a> and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Vasa" title="House of Vasa">House of Vasa</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1605</span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest <a href="/wiki/Vexilloid" title="Vexilloid">vexilloids</a> (flag-like objects) used in Poland were known as <i>stanice</i> and probably resembled the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Vexillum" title="Vexillum">vexillum</a></i>, that is a cloth draped vertically from a horizontal crosspiece attached to a wooden pole or <a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">spear</a>. They served as both religious and military symbols as early as 10th century. With Poland's conversion to Christianity in 966, the <i>stanice</i> were probably Christianized by replacing pagan symbols with Christian ones. The royal <a href="/wiki/Banner_of_arms" title="Banner of arms">banner of arms</a> dates back to the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_II_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Boleslaus II of Poland">Boleslaus the Generous</a> (r. 1076–1079), but it was during the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_the_Short" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladislaus the Short">Ladislaus the Short</a> (r. 1320–1333) that a red cloth emblazoned with the White Eagle of the arms of Poland was finally established as the Banner of the Kingdom of Poland, a symbol of royal authority used at coronations and in battles.<sup id="cite_ref-znamier_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-znamier-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the times of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> (1569–1795), a banner of the Commonwealth was also used, combining the heraldic symbols of Poland and the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>. The Commonwealth banner was initially plain white emblazoned with the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Coat of arms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">arms of the Commonwealth</a> which consisted of the heraldic charges of Poland (White Eagle) and Lithuania (<a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania" title="Coat of arms of Lithuania">Pursuer</a>). Since both Polish and Lithuanian coats of arms consisted of white (<i><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a></i>) <a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">charges</a> in a red (<i><a href="/wiki/Gules" title="Gules">Gules</a></i>) <a href="/wiki/Field_(heraldry)" title="Field (heraldry)">field</a>, these two colours started to be used for the entire banner. During the 17th century, the banner was usually divided into two, three or four horizontal, often swallow-tailed, stripes of red and white.<sup id="cite_ref-znamier_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-znamier-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kuczyn_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuczyn-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_cockade">National cockade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: National cockade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grottger-pozegnanie_fragm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Grottger-pozegnanie_fragm.jpg/220px-Grottger-pozegnanie_fragm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Grottger-pozegnanie_fragm.jpg/330px-Grottger-pozegnanie_fragm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Grottger-pozegnanie_fragm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption>A woman fastening a red-and-white <a href="/wiki/Cockade" title="Cockade">cockade</a> to a Polish insurgent's square-shaped <i><a href="/wiki/Rogatywka" title="Rogatywka">rogatywka</a></i> cap during the <a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a> of 1863–1864</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 18th and 19th centuries, European nations used <a href="/wiki/Cockade" title="Cockade">cockades</a>, or knots of coloured ribbons pinned to the hat, to denote the nationality of their military. In Poland, until 1831, there was no consensus as to what the colours of the national cockade should be. Polish soldiers wore white, white-and-red, blue-and-red or blue-white-red cockades.<sup id="cite_ref-znamier_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-znamier-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The custom came to Poland from <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Saxony" title="Electorate of Saxony">Saxony</a> during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Augustus_II_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus II of Poland">Augustus II</a> (r. 1697–1733), King of Poland and Elector of Saxony. During that time, the cockade worn by the Polish military had, like in Saxony, the form of a white silk ribbon with a knot in the middle. It was later replaced with a circular white cockade wrinkled toward the center, patterned after the cockade of the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">Kingdom of France</a>. During the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_II_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanislaus II of Poland">Stanislaus Augustus</a> (r. 1764–1795), a white-and-red cockade came into use alongside the plain white one. In 1791, the Military Commission introduced a metal <a href="/wiki/Cross_patt%C3%A9e" title="Cross pattée">cross pattée</a> as a more durable alternative to the cockade. However, many soldiers continued to either pin the cross to the cockade or wear the cockade without the cross. Polish military leaders and national heroes of the time, such as General <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Tadeusz Kościuszko">Tadeusz Kościuszko</a> and Prince <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Poniatowski" title="Józef Poniatowski">Józef Poniatowski</a> pinned plain white "national" cockades to their hats.<sup id="cite_ref-znamier_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-znamier-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:117px;max-width:117px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:190px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uchwa%C5%82a_o_kokardzie_narodowej.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Uchwa%C5%82a_o_kokardzie_narodowej.jpg/115px-Uchwa%C5%82a_o_kokardzie_narodowej.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Uchwa%C5%82a_o_kokardzie_narodowej.jpg/173px-Uchwa%C5%82a_o_kokardzie_narodowej.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Uchwa%C5%82a_o_kokardzie_narodowej.jpg/230px-Uchwa%C5%82a_o_kokardzie_narodowej.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1565" data-file-height="2595" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">National <a href="/wiki/Cockade" title="Cockade">Cockade</a> Act of 7 February 1831</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:190px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:November_Uprising.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/November_Uprising.svg/119px-November_Uprising.svg.png" decoding="async" width="119" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/November_Uprising.svg/179px-November_Uprising.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/November_Uprising.svg/238px-November_Uprising.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="578" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Polish-Lithuanian coat of arms during the <a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a> of 1830–1831</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The patriotic and staunchly <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Catholic</a> members of the <a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">Bar Confederation</a> of 1768–1772 adopted <a href="/wiki/Crimson" title="Crimson">crimson</a> – the symbol of Polish <i><a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">szlachta</a></i>, or nobility – and blue – symbolizing <a href="/wiki/Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary (mother of Jesus)">Virgin Mary</a> – as their colours. These, as well as white-and-red, were considered national colours during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Sejm" title="Great Sejm">Great Sejm</a> of 1788–1792. White and red were first publicly used as national colours by civilians on 3 May 1792 in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, during a celebration of the first anniversary of the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_May_3,_1791" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of May 3, 1791">Constitution of 1791</a>. Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">political left</a> wore the blue-white-red cockades of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. <a href="/wiki/Polish_Legions_(Napoleonic_period)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)">Polish Legions</a> created in 1797 in <a href="/wiki/French_client_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="French client republic">French-controlled republics</a> in Italy, used either national cockades of the particular Italian republics in which they served or the French tricolour cockade. In the latter case, the red and blue colours were replaced with <a href="/wiki/Crimson" title="Crimson">crimson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Navy_blue" title="Navy blue">navy blue</a> respectively, hues considered to be traditionally Polish. The <a href="/wiki/General_Confederation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland">General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland</a>, which sought to revive the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a> in 1812, adopted red-and-blue cockades, symbolizing the unity of Poland (red) and Lithuania (blue).<sup id="cite_ref-kuczyn_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuczyn-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The military of the French-controlled <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Warsaw" title="Duchy of Warsaw">Duchy of Warsaw</a> (1807–1815) and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a>-controlled <a href="/wiki/Congress_Poland" title="Congress Poland">Congress Kingdom of Poland</a> (1815–1831) used the white cockade, which was also worn by the cadets who started the <a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a> against Russian rule on 29 November 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-znamier_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-znamier-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the uprising, the Sejm realized the need for unified national insignia that could be used by the Polish military. On 7 February 1831 it adopted white and red, the <a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">tinctures</a> (colours) of the Polish and Lithuanian coats of arms, as the national cockade of Poland. The white-and-red cockade was henceforth worn by Polish soldiers in the November Uprising, as well as by participants of the <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Uprising" title="Kraków Uprising">Kraków Uprising</a> of 1846, Polish freedom fighters in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Posen" title="Grand Duchy of Posen">Grand Duchy of Posen</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Spring of Nations</a> of 1848, and Polish insurgents during the <a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a> of 1863–1864. White and red colours were also used by civilians to show their protest against the Russian rule, as well as by people in France, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and other countries as a sign of their sympathy with the Polish cause. The Sejm's decision was not, however, immediately accepted by all. Left-wing politicians of the time, such as <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Lelewel" title="Joachim Lelewel">Joachim Lelewel</a>, continued to regard the revolutionary blue, white and red as true national colours. Tricolour standards were used by some Polish guerrilla units during the January Uprising.<sup id="cite_ref-znamier_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-znamier-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twentieth_century">Twentieth century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Twentieth century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_expo_1937_troisi%C3%A8me_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Paris_expo_1937_troisi%C3%A8me_photo.jpg/170px-Paris_expo_1937_troisi%C3%A8me_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Paris_expo_1937_troisi%C3%A8me_photo.jpg/255px-Paris_expo_1937_troisi%C3%A8me_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Paris_expo_1937_troisi%C3%A8me_photo.jpg/340px-Paris_expo_1937_troisi%C3%A8me_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1549" data-file-height="1118" /></a><figcaption>The flag of Poland in 1937</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dar_Pomorza_Gdynia_Sztokholm_1938.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Dar_Pomorza_Gdynia_Sztokholm_1938.jpg/170px-Dar_Pomorza_Gdynia_Sztokholm_1938.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Dar_Pomorza_Gdynia_Sztokholm_1938.jpg/255px-Dar_Pomorza_Gdynia_Sztokholm_1938.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Dar_Pomorza_Gdynia_Sztokholm_1938.jpg/340px-Dar_Pomorza_Gdynia_Sztokholm_1938.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The civil ensign of Poland in 1938</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poland_NYC_1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Poland_NYC_1939.jpg/170px-Poland_NYC_1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Poland_NYC_1939.jpg/255px-Poland_NYC_1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Poland_NYC_1939.jpg/340px-Poland_NYC_1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="791" /></a><figcaption>The flag of Poland in 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>White-and-red flags were first waved during a patriotic demonstration on 3 May 1916 in Warsaw. The organizing committee advised participants about the correct alignment of the colours, that is with the white stripe above the red one. Still, many demonstrators brought flags with the red stripe on top. On 1 August 1919, almost a year after Poland regained independence in November 1918, the Sejm officially introduced a white-and-red bicolour as the Polish national flag. In order to avoid confusion with the white-and-red <a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">maritime signal flag</a> used internationally by harbor pilots and tugboats, the same act of Sejm introduced a variant of the flag with the coat of arms in the white stripe for use as a <a href="/wiki/Civil_ensign" title="Civil ensign">civil ensign</a> and by Polish diplomats and consuls abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-znamier_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-znamier-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opaska_powstancza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Opaska_powstancza.jpg/220px-Opaska_powstancza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Opaska_powstancza.jpg/330px-Opaska_powstancza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Opaska_powstancza.jpg/440px-Opaska_powstancza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>A white-and-red <a href="/wiki/Brassard" title="Brassard">brassard</a> worn by a Polish insurgent during the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a> of 1944. The acronym WP stands for <i>Wojsko Polskie</i> or <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Polish Armed Forces</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Apart from changes in the legal specifications of the shades of the national colours (see the section below), the basic design of the Polish flag, including the 5:8 ratio, has remained unchanged to this day. The flag with coat of arms was only modified to adjust to the changes in the coat of arms itself. Major modifications included a change in the stylisation of the eagle from <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Classicist</a> to <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> in 1927 and the removal of the crown from the eagle's head during the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1945%E2%80%931989)" title="History of Poland (1945–1989)">Communist rule</a> from 1944 to 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-kuczyn_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuczyn-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that period, <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a> was one of the few <a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">socialist states</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> (apart from the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cuba" title="Flag of Cuba">flag of Cuba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Laos" title="Flag of Laos">Laos</a>) not to adorn <a href="/wiki/Communist_symbolism" title="Communist symbolism">communist symbolism</a> on its flag. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warsaw_Uprising_-_Polish_Flag_(1944).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Warsaw_Uprising_-_Polish_Flag_%281944%29.jpg/170px-Warsaw_Uprising_-_Polish_Flag_%281944%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Warsaw_Uprising_-_Polish_Flag_%281944%29.jpg/255px-Warsaw_Uprising_-_Polish_Flag_%281944%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Warsaw_Uprising_-_Polish_Flag_%281944%29.jpg/340px-Warsaw_Uprising_-_Polish_Flag_%281944%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="1037" /></a><figcaption>A frayed Polish flag during the final days of the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a> of 1944</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polish_flag_1945_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Polish_flag_1945_Berlin.jpg/170px-Polish_flag_1945_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Polish_flag_1945_Berlin.jpg/255px-Polish_flag_1945_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Polish_flag_1945_Berlin.jpg/340px-Polish_flag_1945_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Polish flag in Berlin on 2 May 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>20th-century Polish insurgents wore white-and-red <a href="/wiki/Brassard" title="Brassard">brassards</a> (armbands) which played a role similar to the cockade of previous centuries. Such armbands were worn by Polish freedom fighters during the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_Uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland Uprising</a> (1918–1919) and <a href="/wiki/Silesian_Uprisings" title="Silesian Uprisings">Silesian Uprisings</a> (1919–1921), as well as during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> (1939–1945) by the soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Home Army</a> (AK) and <a href="/wiki/Bataliony_Ch%C5%82opskie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataliony Chłopskie">Peasants' Battalions</a> (BCh) – usually emblazoned with the acronyms of their formations.<sup id="cite_ref-znamier_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-znamier-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Second World War, Polish soldiers raised the Polish flag on several sites of their victories. On 18 May 1944, after an Allied victory over the German forces in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Battle of Monte Cassino</a>, a patrol of the 12th Podolian Uhlan Regiment (part of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_3rd_Carpathian_Rifle_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division">Polish 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division</a>) raised a Polish flag on ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> abbey in Italy. On 1 August 1944, the first day of the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a>, a white-and-red flag was hoisted on the <a href="/wiki/Prudential_(Warsaw)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prudential (Warsaw)">Prudential</a> building, Warsaw's tallest skyscraper of the time. During the liberation of Warsaw by Soviet forces and <a href="/wiki/Ludowe_Wojsko_Polskie" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludowe Wojsko Polskie">Polish People's Army</a> on 17 January 1945, Polish flags were raised on the <a href="/wiki/Belweder" title="Belweder">Belvedere</a> palace and ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_G%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-redirect" title="Warsaw Główna">Main Railway Station</a>. On 2 May 1945, after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_in_Berlin" title="Battle in Berlin">capture of Berlin</a>, soldiers of the 7th Battery, 3rd Division, 1st Light Artillery Regiment planted Polish flags on the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Victory_Column" title="Berlin Victory Column">Berlin Victory Column</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-znamier_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-znamier-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Polish flags were also used by anti-government demonstrators under the Communist rule. During the bloody riots of <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_1956_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Poznań 1956 protests">1956 in Poznań</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polish_1970_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish 1970 protests">1970 in Gdynia</a>, protesters carried flags that were blood-stained on the white stripe.<sup id="cite_ref-znamier_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-znamier-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shades_of_red">Shades of red</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Shades of red"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float: left; clear: left; margin: 0 1em 1em 0"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Shades of <a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">red</a> comparison </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:crimson; width:15%;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crimson" title="Crimson">Crimson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#e52b50;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amaranth_(color)" title="Amaranth (color)">Amaranth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#e34234;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vermilion" title="Vermilion">Vermilion</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#d4213d;"> </td> <td>Current statutory<sup id="cite_ref-colour_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-colour-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f00;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">HTML red</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Poland_(1919%E2%80%931928).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Poland_%281919%E2%80%931928%29.svg/138px-Flag_of_Poland_%281919%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="138" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Poland_%281919%E2%80%931928%29.svg/207px-Flag_of_Poland_%281919%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Poland_%281919%E2%80%931928%29.svg/276px-Flag_of_Poland_%281919%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of Poland (1919–1927)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Poland_(1928%E2%80%931980).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/138px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="138" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/207px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/276px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of Poland (1927–1980)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/138px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="138" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/207px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/276px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_111000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FIAV_111000.svg/23px-FIAV_111000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FIAV_111000.svg/35px-FIAV_111000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FIAV_111000.svg/46px-FIAV_111000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> Flag of Poland (1980–present)</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Historical flags</b></div></div></div></div> <p>Until 1927, the exact shades of the national colours were not legally specified. In practice, the actual hue, particularly of red, depended on what kind of red dye was available. In pre-partition Poland, <a href="/wiki/Crimson" title="Crimson">crimson</a>, due to its high price, was a colour associated with the rich and the privileged. It could be obtained from the domestically harvested <a href="/wiki/Polish_cochineal" title="Polish cochineal">Polish cochineal</a>, although imported alternatives were also available: <a href="/wiki/Kermes_(dye)" title="Kermes (dye)">kermes</a> from the Mediterranean Basin (hence <i>karmazyn</i>, the Polish name of the colour) and Mexican <a href="/wiki/Cochineal" title="Cochineal">cochineal</a> after the discovery of the New World. Crimson was reserved for the nobility and considered a symbol of the aristocracy, so that <i>karmazyn</i> became synonymous with a <a href="/wiki/Magnat_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnat (Poland)">magnate</a>. A royal ban on wearing this colour could be a form of punishment; in the 14th century, the <a href="/wiki/Na%C5%82%C4%99cz_coat-of-arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Nałęcz coat-of-arms">Nałęcz</a> clan of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Greater Poland</a> were forbidden to dress in crimson for their ancestors' complicity in the assassination of King <a href="/wiki/Premislaus_II_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Premislaus II of Poland">Premislaus</a> in 1296.<sup id="cite_ref-znamier_14-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-znamier-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first half of the 19th century, due to the influence of French fashion, crimson was largely replaced with the cheaper <a href="/wiki/Amaranth_(color)" title="Amaranth (color)">amaranth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kuczyn_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuczyn-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The National Cockade Act of 1831 did not specify the shade of red, for which it was criticised by Joachim Lelewel,<sup id="cite_ref-znamier_14-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-znamier-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nor did the Coat of Arms and National Colours Act of 1919. In 1921, the Ministry of Military Affairs issued a pamphlet with illustrations of the Polish flag and other national symbols which used the crimson shade of red.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pamphlet was not, however, an official source of law and was published for informative purpose only. The shade of red was first legally specified by a presidential decree of 13 December 1927 which stipulated that the official shade was <a href="/wiki/Vermilion" title="Vermilion">vermilion</a>. This specification was upheld by a decree of 7 December 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-znamier_14-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-znamier-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Coat of Arms Act of 31 January 1980<sup id="cite_ref-act_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> replaced the verbal prescription with <a href="/wiki/Trichromacy" title="Trichromacy">trichromatic</a> coordinates in the <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">CIE colour space</a> as proposed by Nikodem Sobczak, an expert in <a href="/wiki/Colorimetry" title="Colorimetry">colorimetry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bringing the resulting hue closer to crimson again. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_and_similar_flags">Related and similar flags</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Related and similar flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_flags" title="List of Polish flags">List of Polish flags</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:63px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg/133px-Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="133" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg/200px-Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg/266px-Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Polish naval ensign</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:103px;max-width:103px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:63px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_navy_airfields_flag_IIIRP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/POL_navy_airfields_flag_IIIRP.svg/101px-POL_navy_airfields_flag_IIIRP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="101" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/POL_navy_airfields_flag_IIIRP.svg/152px-POL_navy_airfields_flag_IIIRP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/POL_navy_airfields_flag_IIIRP.svg/202px-POL_navy_airfields_flag_IIIRP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Polish naval airbase flag</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:73px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag_2001_-_2008.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag_2001_-_2008.svg/117px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag_2001_-_2008.svg.png" decoding="async" width="117" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag_2001_-_2008.svg/176px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag_2001_-_2008.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag_2001_-_2008.svg/234px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag_2001_-_2008.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="344" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span>Flag of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Silesian_Voivodeship" title="Lower Silesian Voivodeship">Lower Silesia</a> (2001–2008)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:73px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_ma%C5%82opolskie_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_ma%C5%82opolskie_flag.svg/117px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_ma%C5%82opolskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="117" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_ma%C5%82opolskie_flag.svg/176px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_ma%C5%82opolskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_ma%C5%82opolskie_flag.svg/234px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_ma%C5%82opolskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Flag of <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Lesser Poland Voivodeship">Lesser Poland</a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Examples of related flags</b></div></div></div></div> <p>The flag of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Posen" title="Grand Duchy of Posen">Grand Duchy of Posen</a>, a Polish-populated autonomous province of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> created in 1815, was a red-and-white horizontal bicolour. Its colours were taken from the duchy's coat of arms which consisted of the Prussian <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Prussia" title="Coat of arms of Prussia">Black Eagle</a> with an inescutcheon of the Polish White Eagle. With Germany's increasingly anti-Polish policy and a rising identification of white and red as Polish national colours, the red-and-white flag of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Posen" title="Province of Posen">Posen</a> was replaced in 1886 with a white-black-white horizontal <a href="/wiki/Triband_(flag)" title="Triband (flag)">triband</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, many flags used in Poland are based on the design of the national flag. This applies especially to flags defined by Polish law and used by the Polish military and other uniformed services, such as the naval ensign – a swallow-tailed horizontal bicolour of white and red <a href="/wiki/Defacement_(flag)" title="Defacement (flag)">defaced</a> with the arms of Poland in the white stripe.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flags of some administrative subdivisions also resemble the national flag. Examples include the former flag of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Silesian_Voivodeship" title="Lower Silesian Voivodeship">Lower Silesian Voivodeship</a> – a horizontal bicolour of white and red defaced with the arms of the voivodeship – or the flag of the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Lesser Poland Voivodeship">Lesser Poland Voivodeship</a> – a horizontal tricolour of white, yellow and red with the yellow stripe half as wide as any of the other two.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_flags" title="List of Polish flags">List of Polish flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_naval_and_maritime_flags" title="List of Polish naval and maritime flags">List of Polish naval and maritime flags</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-colour-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-colour_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-colour_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Statutory colour specifications rendered into <a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a> for web display, assuming the <a href="/wiki/White_point" title="White point">white point</a> at 6500 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>. The resulting <a href="/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a> values, in <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> notation, are: white <code>#E9E8E7</code> and red <code>#D4213D</code>. The shades actually visible on your screen depend on your browser and screen settings, as well as the surrounding context and other factors. An intensely luminous light background may make the statutory white colour appear grey. Many websites which display the Polish national colours use a simplified approximation of the legally specified shades by using basic <a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">HTML colours</a>: white <code>#FFFFFF</code> and red <code>#FF0000</code>. The <a href="/wiki/Pantone" title="Pantone">Pantone</a> equivalents are 656 C and 1795 C.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-const-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-const_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-const_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-act-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-act_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-act_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-act_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-act_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-act_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-act_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-act_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-act_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-act_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-act_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-act_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-act_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ustawa o godle... (1980, with amendments)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nik-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nik_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nik_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nik_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nik_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nik_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nik_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nik_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nik_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nik_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nik_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nik_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nik_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nik_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Informacja o wynikach kontroli... (NIK, 2005)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ustawa o godle... (1980, original)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-penal-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-penal_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 137 §1 of the penal code (Kodeks karny) of 6 June 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 49 §2 of the infraction code (Kodeks wykroczeń) of 20 May 1971</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urok-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urok_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFvarious_authorsRenata_Brzezińska2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">various authors; Renata Brzezińska; et al. (2007). <i>Polska pełna uroku</i> (in Polish). Warsaw: Petit Fute. p. 716. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-60496-85-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-60496-85-5"><bdi>978-83-60496-85-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polska+pe%C5%82na+uroku&rft.place=Warsaw&rft.pages=716&rft.pub=Petit+Fute&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-83-60496-85-5&rft.au=various+authors&rft.au=Renata+Brzezi%C5%84ska&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Niezabitowska</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prez-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-prez_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">prezydent.pl</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Magiera</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polish Religious flags (FOTW)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ihw-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ihw_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ihw_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ihw_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ihw_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ihw_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ihw_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Protokół flagowy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-znamier-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-znamier_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-znamier_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-znamier_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-znamier_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-znamier_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-znamier_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-znamier_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-znamier_14-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-znamier_14-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-znamier_14-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-znamier_14-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-znamier_14-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-znamier_14-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Znamierowski</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kuczyn-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kuczyn_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kuczyn_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kuczyn_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kuczyn_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Russocki, Kuczyński, Willaume</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ustawa o zmianie przepisów o godle... (1990)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Łoza, Czaykowski</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bajtlik</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grand Duchy of Posen... (FOTW)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ustawa o znakach Sił Zbrojnych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (1993)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kromer</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Masz_Wolno%C5%9Bci_w_Warszawie_2015.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Masz_Wolno%C5%9Bci_w_Warszawie_2015.JPG/220px-Masz_Wolno%C5%9Bci_w_Warszawie_2015.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Masz_Wolno%C5%9Bci_w_Warszawie_2015.JPG/330px-Masz_Wolno%C5%9Bci_w_Warszawie_2015.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Masz_Wolno%C5%9Bci_w_Warszawie_2015.JPG/440px-Masz_Wolno%C5%9Bci_w_Warszawie_2015.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2596" data-file-height="4289" /></a><figcaption>The largest Polish flag flying from the Freedom Mast in Warsaw, which, at 63 metres (207 ft), is Poland's tallest flag pole</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Books">Books</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRussocki_StanisławKuczyński_StefanWillaume_Juliusz1970" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Russocki Stanisław; Kuczyński Stefan; Willaume Juliusz (1970). <i>Godło, barwy i hymn Rzeczypospolitej. Zarys dziejów</i> [<i>Arms, Colors, and Anthem of the Republic. A Historical Sketch</i>] (in Polish). Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%C5%82o%2C+barwy+i+hymn+Rzeczypospolitej.+Zarys+dziej%C3%B3w&rft.place=Warsaw&rft.pub=Wiedza+Powszechna&rft.date=1970&rft.au=Russocki+Stanis%C5%82aw&rft.au=Kuczy%C5%84ski+Stefan&rft.au=Willaume+Juliusz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZnamierowski1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Znamierowski, Alfred (1995). <i>Stworzony do chwały</i> [<i>Created for Glory</i>] (in Polish). Warsaw: Editions Spotkania. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-7115-055-5" title="Special:BookSources/83-7115-055-5"><bdi>83-7115-055-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stworzony+do+chwa%C5%82y&rft.place=Warsaw&rft.pub=Editions+Spotkania&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=83-7115-055-5&rft.aulast=Znamierowski&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Law</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19970780483">Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 2 kwietnia 1997 r.</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>[Constitution of the Republic of Poland], Dz. U., 1997, vol. 78, No. 483 (2 April 1997)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19970880553">Ustawa z dnia 6 czerwca 1997 r. – Kodeks karny</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>[Penal Code], Dz. U., 1997, vol. 88, No. 553 (6 June 1997)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19510040028">Ustawa z dnia 18 stycznia 1951 r. o dniach wolnych od pracy</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>[Non-Working Days Act], Dz. U., 1951, vol. 4, No. 28 (18 January 1951)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19800070018">Ustawa z dnia 31 stycznia 1980 r. o godle, barwach i hymnie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej oraz o pieczęciach państwowych</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>[Arms, Colors, and Anthem of the Republic of Poland, and State Seals Act], Dz. U., 1980, vol. 7, No. 18 (31 January 1980)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19900280160">Ustawa z dnia 6 kwietnia 1990 r. o przywróceniu Święta Narodowego Trzeciego Maja</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>[Reestablishment of the National Day of the Third of May Act], Dz. U., 1990, vol. 28, No. 160 (6 April 1990)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19900100060">Ustawa z dnia 9 lutego 1990 r. o zmianie przepisów o godle, barwach i hymnie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>[Amendment to the Arms, Colors, and Anthem of the Republic of Poland Act], Dz. U., 1990, vol. 10, No. 60 (9 February 1990)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19930340154">Ustawa z dnia 19 lutego 1993 r. o znakach Sił Zbrojnych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>[Insignia of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland Act], Dz. U., 1993, vol. 34, No. 154 (19 February 1993)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Official_documents">Official documents</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Official documents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402142356/http://www.ko.poznan.pl/pub/ftp/raporty_NIK/px_2005076.pdf">"Informacja o wynikach kontroli używania symboli państwowych przez organy administracji publicznej"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Polish). Warsaw: <a href="/wiki/The_Supreme_Chamber_of_Control_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="The Supreme Chamber of Control of Poland">Supreme Chamber of Control</a> (Najwyższa Izba Kontroli). 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ko.poznan.pl/pub/ftp/raporty_NIK/px_2005076.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Informacja+o+wynikach+kontroli+u%C5%BCywania+symboli+pa%C5%84stwowych+przez+organy+administracji+publicznej&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ko.poznan.pl%2Fpub%2Fftp%2Fraporty_NIK%2Fpx_2005076.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Polish and French)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFŁozaCzaykowski,_Zygmunt1921" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_%C5%81oza" title="Stanisław Łoza">Łoza, Stanisław</a>; Czaykowski, Zygmunt (1921). <i>Godło i barwy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej – Armoiries et couleurs de la République polonaise</i>. Warsaw: Ministry of Military Affairs. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%C5%82o+i+barwy+Rzeczypospolitej+Polskiej+%E2%80%93+Armoiries+et+couleurs+de+la+R%C3%A9publique+polonaise&rft.place=Warsaw&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Military+Affairs&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=%C5%81oza&rft.aufirst=Stanis%C5%82aw&rft.au=Czaykowski%2C+Zygmunt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Polish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227175814/http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/SEJM/056/2149.pdf">Projekt ustawy o zmianie ustawy o godle, barwach i hymnie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej</a>, Druk 2149, Warsaw, 15 October 2003</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="News">News</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: News"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBajtlik2008" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bajtlik, Stanisław (1 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazetawyborcza.pl/1,75248,5164372.html?as=1&ias=5">"Szyjemy flagę narodową"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gazeta_Wyborcza" title="Gazeta Wyborcza">Gazeta Wyborcza</a></i> (in Polish). <a href="/wiki/Agora_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="Agora SA">Agora</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gazeta+Wyborcza&rft.atitle=Szyjemy+flag%C4%99+narodow%C4%85&rft.date=2008-05-01&rft.aulast=Bajtlik&rft.aufirst=Stanis%C5%82aw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazetawyborcza.pl%2F1%2C75248%2C5164372.html%3Fas%3D1%26ias%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMagiera2006" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Magiera, Marek (9 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081211124346/http://www.zycie.czest.pl/modules/show.php?id=1438">"Zaczyna się mundial..."</a> <i>Życie Częstochowskie</i> (in Polish). Beta Press S.C. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zycie.czest.pl/modules/show.php?id=1438">the original</a> on 11 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C5%BBycie+Cz%C4%99stochowskie&rft.atitle=Zaczyna+si%C4%99+mundial...&rft.date=2006-06-09&rft.aulast=Magiera&rft.aufirst=Marek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zycie.czest.pl%2Fmodules%2Fshow.php%3Fid%3D1438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMolakSakiewicz2007" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Molak, Wiesław; Sakiewicz, Tomasz (2 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071025211530/http://www.pis.org.pl/article.php?id=7278">"Bogdan Borusewicz gościem w "Sygnałach dnia"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Interview with Bogdan Borusewicz in Program 1 Polskiego Radia</i> (in Polish). <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice" title="Law and Justice">Law and Justice</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pis.org.pl/article.php?id=7278">the original</a> on 25 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interview+with+Bogdan+Borusewicz+in+Program+1+Polskiego+Radia&rft.atitle=Bogdan+Borusewicz+go%C5%9Bciem+w+%22Sygna%C5%82ach+dnia%22&rft.date=2007-05-02&rft.aulast=Molak&rft.aufirst=Wies%C5%82aw&rft.au=Sakiewicz%2C+Tomasz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pis.org.pl%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D7278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNiezabitowska1988" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%82gorzata_Niezabitowska" title="Małgorzata Niezabitowska">Niezabitowska, Małgorzata</a> (January 1988). "Discovering America". <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Magazine">National Geographic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Discovering+America&rft.date=1988-01&rft.aulast=Niezabitowska&rft.aufirst=Ma%C5%82gorzata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Web">Web</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Web"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190459/http://www.prezydent.pl/x.node?id=70">"Flaga"</a>. <i>Official website of the President of the Republic of Poland</i> (in Polish). Chancellery of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Republic of Poland">President of the Republic of Poland</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prezydent.pl/x.node?id=70">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+website+of+the+President+of+the+Republic+of+Poland&rft.atitle=Flaga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prezydent.pl%2Fx.node%3Fid%3D70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_World_(website)" title="Flags of the World (website)">Flags of the World</a> – subpages: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flagspot.net/flags/cz_bh.html">"Bohemia (Czech Republic)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bohemia+%28Czech+Republic%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fflagspot.net%2Fflags%2Fcz_bh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-colx.html">"Colors of Flags"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colors+of+Flags&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crwflags.com%2Ffotw%2Fflags%2Fxf-colx.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-pr-po.html">"Grand Duchy of Posen 1815–1849, Posen Province 1849–1920 (Prussia, Germany)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grand+Duchy+of+Posen+1815%E2%80%931849%2C+Posen+Province+1849%E2%80%931920+%28Prussia%2C+Germany%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crwflags.com%2Ffotw%2Fflags%2Fde-pr-po.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/Flags/pl_rel.html">"Polish Religious flags"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Polish+Religious+flags&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crwflags.com%2Ffotw%2FFlags%2Fpl_rel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKromer" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kromer, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080204002952/http://akromer.republika.pl/flagi_pl.html">"Flagi województw polskich"</a>. <i>Polskie flagi, chorągwie, bandery...</i> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akromer.republika.pl/flagi_pl.html">the original</a> on 4 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polskie+flagi%2C+chor%C4%85gwie%2C+bandery...&rft.atitle=Flagi+wojew%C3%B3dztw+polskich&rft.aulast=Kromer&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akromer.republika.pl%2Fflagi_pl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080701114952/http://www.pl.info.pl/IHW_WWW/index.php?act=view&ktg=32&idt=125">"Protokół flagowy – Jak postępować z flagami"</a> (in Polish). Instytut Heraldyczno-Weksylologiczny. 11 July 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pl.info.pl/IHW_WWW/index.php?act=view&ktg=32&idt=125">the original</a> on 1 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Protok%C3%B3%C5%82+flagowy+%E2%80%93+Jak+post%C4%99powa%C4%87+z+flagami&rft.pub=Instytut+Heraldyczno-Weksylologiczny&rft.date=2005-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pl.info.pl%2FIHW_WWW%2Findex.php%3Fact%3Dview%26ktg%3D32%26idt%3D125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSarajčić" class="citation web cs1">Sarajčić, Ivan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flagid.org/found.asp?qa=1010000&qDI=HOR2,6,,126,,135,136,,0&ci=r,w">"Flag Identifier"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flag+Identifier&rft.aulast=Saraj%C4%8Di%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flagid.org%2Ffound.asp%3Fqa%3D1010000%26qDI%3DHOR2%2C6%2C%2C126%2C%2C135%2C136%2C%2C0%26ci%3Dr%2Cw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Poland&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Flags_of_Europe" title="Template:Flags of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Flags_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Flags of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Flags_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Flags of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Flags_of_Europe119" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Europe" title="Flags of Europe">Flags of Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Albania" title="Flag of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Andorra" title="Flag of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Armenia" title="Flag of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Austria" title="Flag of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Azerbaijan" title="Flag of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Belarus" title="Flag of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Belgium" title="Flag of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bulgaria" title="Flag of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Croatia" title="Flag of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cyprus" title="Flag of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Flag of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Denmark" title="Flag of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Estonia" title="Flag of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Finland" title="Flag of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Flag of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Germany" title="Flag of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Greece" title="Flag of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hungary" title="Flag of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Iceland" title="Flag of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ireland" title="Flag of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kazakhstan" title="Flag of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Latvia" title="Flag of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Liechtenstein" title="Flag of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lithuania" title="Flag of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Luxembourg" title="Flag of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malta" title="Flag of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Moldova" title="Flag of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Monaco" title="Flag of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Montenegro" title="Flag of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Netherlands" title="Flag of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_North_Macedonia" title="Flag of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Norway" title="Flag of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Portugal" title="Flag of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Romania" title="Flag of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" title="Flag of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_San_Marino" title="Flag of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Serbia" title="Flag of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Slovakia" title="Flag of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Slovenia" title="Flag of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Spain" title="Flag of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sweden" title="Flag of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Switzerland" title="Flag of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Turkey" title="Flag of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ukraine" title="Flag of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Flag of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vatican_City" title="Flag of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/100px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/150px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/200px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Abkhazia" title="Flag of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kosovo" title="Flag of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Flag of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Transnistria" title="Flag of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_%C3%85land" title="Flag of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Flag of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gibraltar" title="Flag of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Guernsey" title="Flag of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Flag of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Jersey" title="Flag of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Flag and coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_flags_and_coats_of_arms229" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_flags" title="Template:National flags"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_flags" title="Template talk:National flags"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_flags" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National flags"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_flags_and_coats_of_arms229" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">National flags</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_coat_of_arms" title="National coat of arms">coats of arms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National flags</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_flags_of_sovereign_states" title="List of national flags of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_of_flags_of_dependent_territories" title="Gallery of flags of dependent territories">Dependent territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_national_flags" title="Timeline of national flags">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National coats of arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_sovereign_states" title="Armorial of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_dependent_territories" title="Armorial of dependent territories">Dependent territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/14px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/21px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 1.5x, 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_symbols_of_Poland" title="Template:National symbols of Poland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_symbols_of_Poland" title="Template talk:National symbols of Poland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_symbols_of_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National symbols of Poland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_symbols_of_Poland216" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Poland" title="National symbols of Poland">National symbols of Poland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Poland" title="Constitution of Poland">Constitutional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Poland" title="Coat of arms of Poland">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flag and colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_Is_Not_Yet_Lost" title="Poland Is Not Yet Lost">Anthem</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herb_Polski.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Poland"><img alt="Coat of arms of Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/60px-Herb_Polski.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/90px-Herb_Polski.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/120px-Herb_Polski.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3158" data-file-height="3716" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of Poland</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Polish_Army" title="History of the Polish Army">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_flags" title="List of Polish flags">Flags</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Polish_voivodeships" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags of Polish voivodeships">voivodeships</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_eagle" title="Military eagle">Military eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Air_Force_checkerboard" title="Polish Air Force checkerboard">Air Force checkerboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-finger_salute" title="Two-finger salute">Two-finger salute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cavalry" title="Polish cavalry">Polish cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_hussars" title="Polish hussars">Polish hussars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythemen" title="Scythemen">Kosynierzy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogatywka" title="Rogatywka">Rogatywka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland" title="History of Poland">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Crown_Jewels" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Crown Jewels">Crown jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_of_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack of the President of the Republic of Poland">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banner_of_Poland" title="Banner of Poland">Banner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunwald_Swords" title="Grunwald Swords">Grunwald Swords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczerbiec" title="Szczerbiec">Szczerbiec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Names and codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Poland" title="Names of Poland">Names of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzeczpospolita" title="Rzeczpospolita">Rzeczpospolita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.pl" title=".pl">.pl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unofficial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patron_saints_of_Poland" title="Patron saints of Poland">Patron saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_national_songs" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish national songs">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unofficial_mottos_of_Poland" title="Unofficial mottos of Poland">Mottos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costumes_of_Poland" title="National costumes of Poland">National costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Madonna_of_Cz%C4%99stochowa" title="Black Madonna of Częstochowa">Black Madonna of Częstochowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Sorrows,_Queen_of_Poland" title="Our Lady of Sorrows, Queen of Poland">Our Lady of Sorrows, Queen of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sigismund_Bell" title="The Sigismund Bell">The Sigismund Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod%C5%82o" title="Rodło">Rodło</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toporze%C5%82" title="Toporzeł">Toporzeł</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotwica" title="Kotwica">Kotwica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Poland" title="Category:National symbols of Poland">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Flags_of_Poland144" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polish_flags" title="Template:Polish flags"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Polish_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Polish flags (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polish_flags" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polish flags"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Flags_of_Poland144" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_flags" title="List of Polish flags">Flags of Poland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flag of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennant_of_the_president_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Pennant of the president of the Republic of Poland">Pennant of the president of the Republic of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banner_of_Poland" title="Banner of Poland">Banner of Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Poland"><img alt="Flag of Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/70px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/105px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/140px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_subdivisions_of_Poland" title="List of flags of the subdivisions of Poland">Subdivisional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Flag of the Greater Poland Voivodeship">Greater Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship">Kuyavian-Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Lesser_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Flag of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship">Lesser Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Voivodeship" title="Flag of the Łódź Voivodeship">Łódź</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Lower_Silesian_Voivodeship" title="Flag of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship">Lower Silesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Flag of the Lublin Voivodeship">Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Lubusz_Voivodeship" title="Flag of the Lubusz Voivodeship">Lubusz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Masovian_Voivodeship" title="Flag of the Masovian Voivodeship">Masovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Opole_Voivodeship" title="Flag of the Opole Voivodeship">Opole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Podlaskie Voivodeship">Podlaskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Flag of the Pomeranian Voivodeship">Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Silesian_Voivodeship" title="Flag of the Silesian Voivodeship">Silesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Subcarpathian_Voivodeship" title="Flag of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship">Subcarpathian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tokrzyskie_Voivodeship" title="Flag of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship">Świętokrzyskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Warmian%E2%80%93Masurian_Voivodeship" title="Flag of the Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship">Warmian–Masurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Flag of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship">West Pomeranian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_subdivisions_of_Poland" title="List of flags of the subdivisions of Poland">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic and cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kashubia" title="Flag of Kashubia">Kashubia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Masuria" title="Flag of Masuria">Masuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Silesia_and_Lower_Silesia" title="Flag of Silesia and Lower Silesia">Silesia and Lower Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Teschen" title="Flag of the Duchy of Teschen">Duchy of Teschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Upper_Silesia" title="Flag of Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Western_Pomerania" title="Flag of Western Pomerania">Western Pomerania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Central_Lithuania" title="Flag of Central Lithuania">Central Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Flag of Galicia and Lodomeria">Galicia and Lodomeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gda%C5%84sk" title="Flag of Gdańsk">Free City of Gdańsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Krak%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Kraków">Free City of Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Prussia" title="Flag of Prussia">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_flags" title="Hanseatic flags">Hanseatic flags</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gda%C5%84sk" title="Flag of Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gorz%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski" title="Flag of Gorzów Wielkopolski">Gorzów Wielkopolski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Krak%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Kraków">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Lublin">Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Łódź">Łódź</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Pozna%C5%84" title="Flag of Poznań">Poznań</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Szczecin" title="Flag of Szczecin">Szczecin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Warsaw" title="Flag of Warsaw">Warsaw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_districts_of_Warsaw" title="List of flags of the districts of Warsaw">Districts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Flag of Wrocław">Wrocław</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Zielona_G%C3%B3ra" title="Flag of Zielona Góra">Zielona Góra</a></li> <li><i><a 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