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accommodation establishments</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: accommodation establishments"> <meta name="keywords" content="accommodation establishments"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="accommodation establishments"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 256</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: accommodation establishments</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">256</span> Employee Commitment as a Means of Revitalising the Hospitality Industry post-Covid: Considering the Impact of Psychological Contract and Psychological Capital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Desere%20Kokt">Desere Kokt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hospitality establishments worldwide are bearing the brunt of the effects of Covid-19. As the hospitality industry is looking to recover, emphasis is placed on rejuvenating the industry. This is especially pertinent for economic development in areas of high unemployment, such as the Free State province of South Africa. The province is not a main tourist area and thus depends on the influx of tourists. The province has great scenic beauty with many accommodation establishments that provide job opportunities to the local population. The two main economic hubs of the Free State province namely Bloemfontein and Clarens, were the focus of the investigation. The emphasis was on graded accommodation establishments as they must adhere to the quality principles of the Tourism Grading Council of South Africa (TGCSA) to obtain star grading. The hospitality industry is known for being labour intensive, and employees need to be available to cater for the needs of paying customers. This is referred to as ‘emotional labour’ and implies that employees need to manage their feelings and emotions as part of performing their jobs. The focus of this study was thus on psychological factors related to working in the hospitality industry – specifically psychological contract and psychological capital and its impact on the commitment of employees in graded accommodation establishments. Employee commitment can be explained as a psychological state that binds the individual to the organisation and involves a set of psychological relationships that include affective (emotions), normative (perceived obligation) and continuance (staying with the organisation) dimensions. Psychological contract refers to the reciprocal beliefs and expectations between the employer and the employee and consists of transactional and rational contracts. Transactional contracts are associated with the economic exchange, and contractional issues related to the employment contract and rational contracts relate to the social exchange between the employee and the organisation. Psychological capital refers to an individual’s positive psychology state of development that is characterised by self-efficiency (having confidence in doing one’s job), optimism (being positive and persevering towards achieving one’s goals), hope (expectations for goals to succeed) and resilience (bouncing back to attain success when beset by problems and adversity). The study employed a quantitative research approach, and a structured questionnaire was used to gather data from respondents. The study was conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic, which hampered the data gathering efforts of the researchers. Many accommodation establishments were either closed or temporarily closed, which meant that data gathering was an intensive and laborious process. The main researcher travelled to the various establishments to collect the data. Nine hospitality establishments participated in the study, and around 150 employees were targeted for data collection. Ninety-two (92) questionnaires were completed, which represents a response rate of 61%. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied to examine the relationship between the variables. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20commitment" title="employee commitment">employee commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospitality%20industry" title=" hospitality industry"> hospitality industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20contract" title=" psychological contract"> psychological contract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20capital" title=" psychological capital"> psychological capital</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153932/employee-commitment-as-a-means-of-revitalising-the-hospitality-industry-post-covid-considering-the-impact-of-psychological-contract-and-psychological-capital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">255</span> A Model of Sustainability in the Accommodation Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20S.%20Zavodna">L. S. Zavodna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Zavodny%20Pospisil"> J. Zavodny Pospisil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to identify the factors for sustainability in the accommodation sector. Although sustainability is a current trend in tourism, not many facilities know how to apply the concept in practice. This paper presents a model for the implementation of sustainability in hotels, hostels, campgrounds, or other facilities. First, there are identified sections of each accommodation facility, which can contribute to sustainability. Furthermore, concrete steps are presented to transfer this model into reality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accommodation%20sector" title="accommodation sector">accommodation sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20tourism" title=" sustainable tourism"> sustainable tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48417/a-model-of-sustainability-in-the-accommodation-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">254</span> Information System Management Factors Related to Behavioral Trend of Online Accommodation Services</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supattra%20Kanchanopast">Supattra Kanchanopast</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research was to study the customers’ behavioral trend for online accommodation system at Bangkonthi District, Samutsongkhram province. The research collected data from 400 online users. A questionnaire was utilized as the tool in collecting information. Descriptive statistics included frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Independent- sample t- test, analysis of variance and Pearson Correlation were also used. The findings of this research revealed that the majority of the respondents were male, 25-32 years old, and graduated a bachelor degree. The respondents mostly worked in private sectors and had monthly income between 10,001-15,000 baht. The regular online users, visiting this system between 3-4 times/month, spending 1-2 hours/time, searched for online accommodation information. This result showed that the users had good and high attitude towards the system. According to the hypothesis testing, the number of online usage had positive related to the behavioral trends: accommodation purchasing intention and recommend the accommodation to others. Furthermore, both the number of online usage and overall attitude had a significant correlation to accommodation purchase intention and recommend the accommodation to others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20behavior" title="customer behavior">customer behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20system%20management" title=" information system management"> information system management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20accommodation%20services" title=" online accommodation services"> online accommodation services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioral%20trend" title=" behavioral trend"> behavioral trend</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8138/information-system-management-factors-related-to-behavioral-trend-of-online-accommodation-services" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">253</span> Sustainable Accommodation Design: Improving Residential Property Shortage for Low-Income People in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paulinus%20W.%20Ihuah">Paulinus W. Ihuah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iyenemi%20Ibimina%20Kakulu"> Iyenemi Ibimina Kakulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20A.%20Akujuru"> Victor A. Akujuru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of the residential property is very expensive in Nigeria, especially as it is observed in Port Harcourt, although it is also investment costly in the other cities of Nigeria. The costly development nature incidentally reasons to the high deficits in residential property availability and affordability for the low-income people. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to provide sustainable accommodation design, which should improve residential property expensiveness and shortages for the low-income people. This is achieved through investigation of the tangible requirements and needs of the end-user of the property (low-income people), which thereafter would enhance sustainable and affordable residential property accommodation design for the end-users. Both the quantitative and qualitative instruments of data collection were utilised. The quantitative instrument via questionnaires was designed to examine the real needs and r requirement of the low-income people. However, the qualitative instrument via structured interview was espoused for the gathering of professionals’ opinions on the three predicted sustainable accommodation design alternatives. The analysis employed content analysis parameters, which offered a sustainable accommodation design and designed alternatives minimises costs and environmental impacts whereas exploiting the social satisfaction in residential accommodation developments. The finding underscores that sustainable accommodation design and development is practicable in Nigeria, so that cost of residential accommodation provided through this system is cheap to the low-income people. Further, erection of multi-storey residential accommodation units such as bedsit structure by utilising the concrete frame structure and building the internal and external walls with hollow concrete blocks within areas 60-130 square meters is encouraged. This paper philosophy indicates that by using sustainable accommodation design practices in Nigeria, improvements in the costs and shortages of residential accommodation can be attained for low-income people. However, policies support the government cannot be overemphasised for proper implementation of the suggested scheme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20accommodation" title="sustainable accommodation">sustainable accommodation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20design" title=" housing design"> housing design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20property" title=" residential property"> residential property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-income%20people" title=" low-income people"> low-income people</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73387/sustainable-accommodation-design-improving-residential-property-shortage-for-low-income-people-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">252</span> Residents Awareness and Willingness to Offer Homestay Accommodation to Tourists at a Listed World Heritage Site: Idanre Hills, Ondo State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arowosafe%20Folusade%20Catherine">Arowosafe Folusade Catherine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arowosafe%20Olubunmi"> Arowosafe Olubunmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aina%20Samson"> Aina Samson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In many countries, tourism has been portrayed as a contributor to small-scale enterprises, contributing to improved standards of living, a catalyst for community development, and poverty alleviation. This study assessed the willingness of the host communities to provide homestay accommodation and also identified the homestay facilities available to host visitors to the community. A random sampling method was used to administer 150 copies of the questionnaire to the residents in Idanre. Data collected were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, and results were presented using frequency and percentage tables. Results: Findings revealed that the majority of the residents were above 60 years (47.3%), with 33% of them aware of the concept of homestay accommodation, and 32% had primary education. The majority were self-employed (43.3%), earning less than ₦30,000 per month; it also revealed that 80.7% of the residents owned at least one house and had adequate water supply facility (100%) and electricity (99.3%). Some constraints observed revealed that safety for the host family (mean 4.81) was ranked high as a possible deterrent to providing homestay accommodation to strangers. Results revealed a correlation between the resident’s awareness and willingness to provide homestay accommodation services (r.0.05, p<0.05). This study recommends that sensitization programs to create awareness of the potential benefits of homestay accommodation in the host communities of Idanre Hills should be carried out by the relevant stakeholders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accommodation" title="accommodation">accommodation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benefits" title=" benefits"> benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homestay" title=" homestay"> homestay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idanre%20Hills" title=" Idanre Hills"> Idanre Hills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167034/residents-awareness-and-willingness-to-offer-homestay-accommodation-to-tourists-at-a-listed-world-heritage-site-idanre-hills-ondo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">251</span> The Hotel Logging Behavior and Factors of Tourists in Bankontee District, Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aticha%20Kwaengsopha">Aticha Kwaengsopha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research was to study the behaviour and related factors that tourists utilized for making decisions to choose their accommodations at a tourist destination, Bangkontee district, Samut Songkhran Province, Thailand. The independent variables included gender, age, income, occupation, and region, while the three important dependent variables included selection behaviour, factors related selection process, and satisfaction of the accommodation service. A total of 400 Thai and international tourists were interviewed at tourist destination of Bangkontee. A questionnaire was used as the tool for collecting data. Descriptive statistics in this research included percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents were single, female, and with the age between 23-30 years old. Most of the international tourists were from Asia and planned to stay in Thailand about 1-6 days. In addition, the majority of tourists preferred to travel in small groups of 3 persons. The majority of respondents used internet and word of mouth as the main tool to search for information. The majority of respondents spent most of their budget on food & drink, accommodation, and travelling. Even though the majority of tourists were satisfied with the quality of accommodation, the price range of accommodation, and the image of accommodation and the facilities of the accommodation, they indicated that they were not likely to re-visit Thailand in the near future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behaviour" title="behaviour">behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20factors" title=" decision factors"> decision factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourists" title=" tourists"> tourists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20engineering" title=" media engineering"> media engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5493/the-hotel-logging-behavior-and-factors-of-tourists-in-bankontee-district-samut-songkhram-province-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">250</span> A Study Problem and Needs Compare the Held of the Garment Industries in Nonthaburi and Bangkok Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thepnarintra%20Praphanphat">Thepnarintra Praphanphat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this study were to investigate garment industry’s condition, problems, and need for assistance. The population of the study was 504 managers or managing directors of garment establishments finished apparel industrial manager and permission of the Department of Industrial Works 28, Ministry of Industry until January 1, 2012. In determining the sample size with the opening of the Taro Yamane finished at 95% confidence level is ± 5% deviation was 224 managers. Questionnaires were used to collect the data. Percentage, frequency, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and LSD were used to analyze the data. It was found that most establishments were of a large size, operated in a form of limited company for more than 15 years most of which produced garments for working women. All investment was made by Thai people. The products were made to order and distributed domestically and internationally. The total sale of the year 2010, 2011, and 2012 was almost the same. With respect to the problems of operating the business, the study indicated, as a whole, by- aspects, and by-items, that they were at a high level. The comparison of the level of problems of operating garment business as classified by general condition showed that problems occurring in business of different sizes were, as a whole, not different. In taking aspects into consideration, it was found that the level of problem in relation to production was different; medium establishments had more problems in production than those of small and large sizes. According to the by-items analysis, five problems were found different; namely, problems concerning employees, machine maintenance, number of designers, and price competition. Such problems in the medium establishments were at a higher level than those in the small and large establishments. Regarding business age, the examination yielded no differences as a whole, by-aspects, and by-items. The statistical significance level of this study was set at .05. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garment%20industry" title="garment industry">garment industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garment" title=" garment"> garment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fashion" title=" fashion"> fashion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20enhancement%20project" title=" competitive enhancement project"> competitive enhancement project</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49073/a-study-problem-and-needs-compare-the-held-of-the-garment-industries-in-nonthaburi-and-bangkok-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49073.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">249</span> Travellers’ Innovation Segmentation for Shared Accommodation: Comparing Travellers’ Segmentation Pre- and Post-adoption in Shanghai, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Qin">Lei Qin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As shared accommodation has become one of the most important market developments in the tourism industry, numerous contributions have emerged on travelers’ motivations to choose shared accommodation. A debated question, however, resides in the heterogeneity of travelers based on motivations. This paper aims to reconcile opposing perspectives by comparing motivation segmentation at two distinct phases of innovation adoption of this new hospitality option: (i) before the first travel – potential users showing interest (n=420) and (ii) after the first travel – users (n=420). Interestingly, we find that travelers (including pre-and-post adopters) have a stronger agreement in experiential motivations than practical motivations. However, the heterogeneity of motivations among travelers is significantly higher in users, increasing from two to six clusters, which means travelers cluster into more and distinct motivation groups after adoption. Rather than invalidating specific assumptions used in the literature in terms of motivation heterogeneity, this paper reconciles opposing findings by putting them along with one another in the process of innovation adoption. A subsequent tourists’ segmentation based on motivations were conducted according to their innovation adoption stages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title="motivation">motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-and-post%20adoption" title=" pre-and-post adoption"> pre-and-post adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shared%20accommodation" title=" shared accommodation"> shared accommodation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation" title=" segmentation"> segmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127434/travellers-innovation-segmentation-for-shared-accommodation-comparing-travellers-segmentation-pre-and-post-adoption-in-shanghai-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">248</span> Human Capital, Adversity Quotient and Entrepreneurial Success</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vichada%20Chokesikarin">Vichada Chokesikarin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose that the ability to create the business success requires Adversity Quotient (AQ) and Human Capital (HC). The aims of the present study are to investigate adversity quotient, human capital and entrepreneurial success of accommodation entrepreneurs in Pranakorn, Bangkok and to examine the relationship between AQ, HC and Entrepreneurial Success. The participants of this study were 112 entrepreneurs in accommodation business in the Khao San/Grand Palace, the location nearby demonstration area in 2014. Specifically, we focus on higher adversity which provides a measure of one’s perceived capacity to prevail in the face of adversity and the effects of human capital on success. Results indicated that there is significant relationship between human capital and entrepreneurial success, while adversity quotient was found to partially mediate the entrepreneurial success. Moreover, our findings showed that the human capital -experience and skills- are more important than adversity quotient. This suggests that the entrepreneurial success should rely on their skill and experiences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accommodation%20business" title="accommodation business">accommodation business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adversity%20quotient" title=" adversity quotient"> adversity quotient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20success" title=" entrepreneurial success"> entrepreneurial success</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20capital" title=" human capital"> human capital</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8343/human-capital-adversity-quotient-and-entrepreneurial-success" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">247</span> Women’s Rights in Conflict with People’s Cultural Autonomy: Problems of Cultural Accommodation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazia%20Khan">Nazia Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper explores the cultural rights accommodation by the state which has left many unresolved problems. The cultural rights sometimes violate the basic individual rights of the members inside the community like women. The paper further explicates certain cultural norms and practices which violates the rights of women inside the community in the name of culture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title="women">women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communities" title=" communities"> communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rights" title=" rights"> rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerable" title=" vulnerable"> vulnerable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accomadation" title=" accomadation"> accomadation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6387/womens-rights-in-conflict-with-peoples-cultural-autonomy-problems-of-cultural-accommodation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">246</span> Personnel Selection Based on Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emre%20Ipekci%20Cetin">Emre Ipekci Cetin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebru%20Tarcan%20Icigen"> Ebru Tarcan Icigen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Personnel selection process is considered as one of the most important and most difficult issues in human resources management. At the stage of personnel selection, the applicants are handled according to certain criteria, the candidates are dealt with, and efforts are made to select the most appropriate candidate. However, this process can be more complicated in terms of the managers who will carry out the staff selection process. Candidates should be evaluated according to different criteria such as work experience, education, foreign language level etc. It is crucial that a rational selection process is carried out by considering all the criteria in an integrated structure. In this study, the problem of choosing the front office manager of a 5 star accommodation enterprise operating in Antalya is addressed by using multi-criteria decision-making methods. In this context, SWARA (Step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis) and MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of ratio analysis) methods, which have relatively few applications when compared with other methods, have been used together. Firstly SWARA method was used to calculate the weights of the criteria and subcriteria that were determined by the business. After the weights of the criteria were obtained, the MOORA method was used to rank the candidates using the ratio system and the reference point approach. Recruitment processes differ from sector to sector, from operation to operation. There are a number of criteria that must be taken into consideration by businesses in accordance with the structure of each sector. It is of utmost importance that all candidates are evaluated objectively in the framework of these criteria, after these criteria have been carefully selected in the selection of suitable candidates for employment. In the study, staff selection process was handled by using SWARA and MOORA methods together. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accommodation%20establishments" title="accommodation establishments">accommodation establishments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resource%20management" title=" human resource management"> human resource management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-objective%20optimization%20on%20the%20basis%20of%20ratio%20analysis" title=" multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis"> multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-criteria%20decision%20making" title=" multi-criteria decision making"> multi-criteria decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=step-wise%20weight%20assessment%20ratio%20analysis" title=" step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis"> step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75032/personnel-selection-based-on-step-wise-weight-assessment-ratio-analysis-and-multi-objective-optimization-on-the-basis-of-ratio-analysis-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">245</span> Program of Health/Safety Integration and the Total Worker Health Concept in the Improvement of Absenteeism of the Work Accommodation Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20R.%20Ferreira">L. R. Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Biscaro"> R. Biscaro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20C.%20Danziger"> C. C. Danziger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20M.%20Galhardi"> C. M. Galhardi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20C.%20Biscaro"> L. C. Biscaro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20C.%20Biscaro"> R. C. Biscaro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20S.%20Vasconcelos"> I. S. Vasconcelos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20C.%20R.%20Ferreira"> L. C. R. Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Reis"> R. Reis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20H.%20Oliveira"> L. H. Oliveira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: There is a worldwide trend for the employer to be aware of investing in health promotion that goes beyond occupational hygiene approaches with the implementation of a comprehensive program with integration between occupational health and safety, and social/psychosocial responsibility in the workplace. Work accommodation is a necessity in most companies as it allows the worker to return to its function respecting its physical limitations. This study had the objective to verify if the integration of health and safety in the companies, with the inclusion of the concept of TWH promoted by an occupational health service has impacted in the management of absenteeism of workers in work accommodation. Method: A retrospective and paired cohort study was used, in which the impact of the implementation of the Program for the Health/Safety Integration and Total Worker Health Concept (PHSITWHC) was evaluated using the indices of absenteeism, health attestations, days and hours of sick leave of workers that underwent job accommodation/rehabilitation. This was a cohort study and the data were collected from January to September of 2017, prior to the initiation of the integration program, and compared with the data obtained from January to September of 2018, after the implementation of the program. For the statistical analysis, the student's t-test was used, with statistically significant differences being made at p < 0.05. Results: The results showed a 35% reduction in the number of absenteeism rate in 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. There was also a significant reduction in the total numbers of days of attestations/absences (mean of 2,8) as well as days of attestations, absence and sick leaves (mean of 5,2) in 2018 data after the implementation of PHSITWHC compared to 2017 data, means of 4,3 and 25,1, respectively, prior to the program. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the inclusion of the PHSITWHC was associated with a reduction in the rate of absenteeism of workers that underwent job accommodation. It was observed that, once health and safety were approached and integrated with the inclusion of the TWH concept, it was possible to reduce absenteeism, and improve worker’s quality of life and wellness, and work accommodation management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absenteeism" title="absenteeism">absenteeism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%2Fsafety%20integration" title=" health/safety integration"> health/safety integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20accommodation%20management" title=" work accommodation management"> work accommodation management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20worker%20health" title=" total worker health"> total worker health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105106/program-of-healthsafety-integration-and-the-total-worker-health-concept-in-the-improvement-of-absenteeism-of-the-work-accommodation-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105106.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">244</span> Reviewing the Effect of Healing Design on Mental Health Establishments in the Context of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aratrika%20Sarkar">Aratrika Sarkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayita%20Guha%20Niyogi"> Jayita Guha Niyogi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the application of general healing design theories to modulate them into case-specific and contextual design considerations. Existing literature focuses on the relationship between architecture and mental health. Primary case studies are selected in India to focus on the effect of a specific location on design considerations. They are qualitatively analysed to further contextualise the inferences from the literature study. An academic project is cited as an example to apply the learnings from the study and understand the influence of various parameters on the design process for further conclusion. Literature studies, case studies and hypothetical design applications helped in finding the different ways of achieving the similar goal of a sensitive approach toward mental health. Along with salutogenic parameters, category of establishment, age group, location of the site and user preference plays a crucial role in the design process. Design of mental health establishments, especially in India, has to involve transparency between stakeholders and users. Owing to different climatic zones and diverse sociocultural traditions, the approach toward healing should adapt accordingly. It should be an effort towards striking a balance between contradictory elements of healing design and resolving the dilemmas with sensitivity and consensus. Lastly, the design should not force a person towards communication or companionship but rather let the person realise that naturally through the healing process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contextual%20healing%20design" title="contextual healing design">contextual healing design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deinstitutionalisation" title=" deinstitutionalisation"> deinstitutionalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20mental%20healthcare%20establishments" title=" Indian mental healthcare establishments"> Indian mental healthcare establishments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20psychology" title=" environmental psychology"> environmental psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salutogenesis" title=" salutogenesis"> salutogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=therapeutic%20design" title=" therapeutic design"> therapeutic design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160138/reviewing-the-effect-of-healing-design-on-mental-health-establishments-in-the-context-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">243</span> Baby Cot’s Indoor Air Quality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wim%20Zeiler">Wim Zeiler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The indoor quality of occupied space is very important for the well-being of its occupants, especially in the case of babies. The lungs of a young child are still growing and adverse conditions could affect this development. Presently little children spend a lot of their time in day care centers while parents are at work. Little is known about the effects of different indoor environmental factors present in these day care centers and the quality of air of baby cots in which the babies are accommodated in these day care centers. Therefore this research investigated the quality of the accommodation of Dutch day care centers. Besides an extensive literature research actual measurements were performed in baby cots within three-day care center. Some experiments were performed to find out the importance of the configuration and types of baby cots. This research investigated the quality of the accommodation of a Dutch day care center which led to a tool describing the quality needs (e.g., quality standard) for the accommodation of day care centers. The results of our detailed studies were compared with the results of earlier Dutch more global studies in day care centers, in which more than 60 day care centers were investigated. Also the results are compared with the outcomes of research on school ventilation. The results proved that the situation in day care centers is even worse than that of schools within the Netherlands. More attention is needed to improve the current situation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation" title="ventilation">ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baby%20cots" title=" baby cots"> baby cots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=day%20care%20centers" title=" day care centers"> day care centers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title=" case study"> case study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88534/baby-cots-indoor-air-quality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">242</span> The Strategic Role of Accommodation Providers in Encouraging Travelers to Adopt Environmentally-Friendly Modes of Transportation: An Experiment from France</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luc%20Beal">Luc Beal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction. Among the stakeholders involved in the tourist decision-making process, the accommodation provider has the potential to play a crucial role in raising awareness, disseminating information, and thus influencing the tourists’ choice of transportation. Since the early days of tourism, the accommodation provider has consistently served as the primary point of contact with the destination, and consequently, as the primary source of information for visitors. By offering accommodation and hospitality, the accommodation provider has evolved into a trusted third party, functioning as an 'ambassador' capable of recommending the finest attractions and activities available at the destination. In contemporary times, when tourists plan their trips, they make a series of consecutive decisions, with the most important decision being to lock-in the accommodation reservation for the earliest days, so as to secure a safe arrival. Consequently, tourists place their trust in the accommodation provider not only for lodging but also for recommendations regarding restaurants, activities, and more. Thus, the latter has the opportunity to inform and influence tourists well in advance of their arrival, particularly during the booking phase, namely when it comes to selecting their mode of transportation. The pressing need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions within the tourism sector presents an opportunity to underscore the influence that accommodation providers have historically exerted on tourist decision-making . Methodology A participatory research, currently ongoing in south-western France, in collaboration with a nationwide hotel group and several destination management organizations, aims at examining the factors that determine the ability of accommodation providers to influence tourist transportation choices. Additionally, the research seeks to identify the conditions that motivate accommodation providers to assume a proactive role, such as fostering customer loyalty, reduced distribution costs, and financial compensation mechanisms. A panel of hotels participated in a series of focus group sessions with tourists, with the objective of modeling the decision-making process of tourists regarding their choice of transportation mode and to identify and quantify the types and levels of incentives liable to encourage environmentally responsible choices. Individual interviews were also conducted with hotel staff, including receptionists and guest relations officers, to develop a framework for interactions with tourists during crucial decision-making moments related to transportation choices. The primary finding of this research indicates that financial incentives significantly outweigh symbolic incentives in motivating tourists to opt for eco-friendly modes of transportation. Another noteworthy result underscores the crucial impact of organizational conditions governing interactions with tourists both before and during their stay. These conditions greatly influence the ability to raise awareness at key decision-making moments and the possibility of gathering data about the chosen transportation mode during the stay. In conclusion, this research has led to the formulation of practical recommendations for accommodation providers and Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs). These recommendations pertain to communication protocols with tourists, the collection of evidences confirming chosen transportation modes, and the implementation of necessary incentives. Through these measures, accommodation provider can assume a central role in guiding tourists towards making responsible choices in terms of transportation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accommodation%20provider" title="accommodation provider">accommodation provider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trusted%20third%20party" title=" trusted third party"> trusted third party</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmentally-friendly%20transportation" title=" environmentally-friendly transportation"> environmentally-friendly transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20house%20gas" title=" green house gas"> green house gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourist%20decision-making%20process" title=" tourist decision-making process"> tourist decision-making process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173668/the-strategic-role-of-accommodation-providers-in-encouraging-travelers-to-adopt-environmentally-friendly-modes-of-transportation-an-experiment-from-france" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173668.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">241</span> Customer Expectation on Service Quality in Bed and Breakfast Establishments in Johannesburg Metropolitan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiedza%20Lebogang%20Gutu">Chiedza Lebogang Gutu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nester%20Rufaro%20Manuwa"> Nester Rufaro Manuwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Marie%20Mbuya"> Jean-Marie Mbuya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Johannesburg, Metropolitan customer expectations in the hospitality industry have rapidly been increasing which has lead to the need of improving service quality to help satisfy customer expectations. Businesses need to make sure that customer expectations are met, or find ways to control customer expectations. Therefore the purpose of the study is to investigate how customer expectations of services in bed and breakfast establishments affect the perceived quality of service. A quantitative approach was used through random sampling to collect descriptive and correlation study between customer expectations and perceived quality. Findings of the study indicated that customers at bed and breakfast generally expect a clean, friendly and safe environment that has a homely feel, while they are away from home. In addition, findings of the study also emphasised that the age-groups between 20 and 35 are more likely to travel, for business and vacation purposes, staying for more or less 3, have high expectations towards modern facilities and extras in the room such as coffee machines, and are more concerned about the service being provided quickly and right, and taking extra care to deal with problems promptly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Customer%20satisfaction" title="Customer satisfaction">Customer satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Service%20quality" title=" Service quality"> Service quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bed%20and%20breakfast" title=" Bed and breakfast"> Bed and breakfast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Customer%20retention" title=" Customer retention"> Customer retention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77194/customer-expectation-on-service-quality-in-bed-and-breakfast-establishments-in-johannesburg-metropolitan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">240</span> The Effects of the Introduction of a One-day Waiting Period on Absences for Ordinary Illness of Public Employees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ali%20Ben%20Halima">Mohamed Ali Ben Halima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Koubi"> Malik Koubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Lanfranchi"> Joseph Lanfranchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yohan%20Wloczysiak"> Yohan Wloczysiak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article assesses the consequences on the frequency and duration of ordinary sick leave of the January 2012 and 2018 reforms modifying the scope of sick leave reimbursement in the French civil service. These reforms introduce a one-day waiting period which removes the compensation for the first day of ordinary sick leave. In order to evaluate these reforms, we use an administrative database from the National Pension Fund for local public employees (FPT). The first important result of our data analysis is that the one-day waiting period was not introduced at the same time in the French Local Public Service establishments, or even never in some. This peculiarity allows for an identification strategy using a difference-in-differences method based on the definition at each date of groups of employees treated and not treated by the reform, since establishments that apply the one-day waiting period coexist with establishments that do not apply it. Two types of estimators are used for this evaluation: individual and time fixed effects estimators and DIDM estimators which correct for the biases of the Two Way Fixed Effects one. The results confirm that the change in the sick pay system decreases the probability of having at least one ordinary sick leave as well as the number and duration of these episodes. On the other hand, the estimates show that longer leave episodes are not less affected than shorter ones. Finally, the validity tests of the estimators support the results obtained for the second period of 2018-2019, but suggest estimation biases for the period 2012-2013. The extent to which the endogeneity of the choices of implementation of the reform at the local level impact these estimates needs to be further tested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sick%20leave" title="sick leave">sick leave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one-day%20waiting%20period" title=" one-day waiting period"> one-day waiting period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=territorial%20civil%20service" title=" territorial civil service"> territorial civil service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20policy%20evaluation" title=" public policy evaluation"> public policy evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165531/the-effects-of-the-introduction-of-a-one-day-waiting-period-on-absences-for-ordinary-illness-of-public-employees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">239</span> Preparedness Level of European Cultural Institutions and Catering Establishments Within the Sanitary and Epidemiological Dimension During the COVID-19 Pandemic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdalena%20Barbara%20Kaziuk">Magdalena Barbara Kaziuk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: In December 2019, the first case of an acute infectious disease of the respiratory system caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus was recorded in Wuhan in Central China. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization restrictions, among others, in the travel industry. Aim: The aim of the study was the assessment of the preparedness of European cultural institutions and catering establishments within the sanitary and epidemiological dimension during the COVID-19 pandemic by Polish tourists and their sense of safety in selected destinations. Material and methods: The study involved 300 Polish tourists (125 females, 175 males, age 46.5+/-12.9 years) who traveled during the COVID-19 pandemic to Southern European countries. 5 most popular travel destinations were selected: Italy, Austria, Greece, Croatia, and Mediterranean islands. The tourists assessed cultural institutions and catering establishments with the use of a proprietary questionnaire which concerned the preparedness regarding the sanitary and epidemiological requirements and the tourists' sense of safety. The number of respondents was deliberate - 60 persons per each country. Results: The more stringent sanitary regimes, the higher the sense of safety in the study group of females aged 45-50 (p<0.005), while the more stringent sanitary and epidemiological issues are implemented, the shorter the stay (p<0.001). Less stringent restrictions resulted in increased sense of freedom and mental rest in the group of studied males (p<0.005). Conclusions: The respondents' opinions revealed that the highest level of safety with regard to sanitary and epidemiological requirements (masks covering mouth and nose worn by both personnel and society, the necessity to present the COVID passport, the possibility to disinfect hands) was observed in Austria and Italy, while shorter length of the stay in these countries resulted from high prices, particularly in catering establishments. According to the respondents, less stringent restrictions, among others lack of the necessity to own the COVID passport, were linked to Croatia and Mediterranean islands. The sense of safety was satisfying, while the sense of freedom and mental rest was high. declared a string of COVID-19 cases a pandemic. Most countries implemented numerous sanitary and epidemiological <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanitary%20and%20epidemiological%20regimes" title="sanitary and epidemiological regimes">sanitary and epidemiological regimes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourist%20facilities" title=" tourist facilities"> tourist facilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20pandemic" title=" COVID-19 pandemic"> COVID-19 pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sense%20of%20safety" title=" sense of safety"> sense of safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148611/preparedness-level-of-european-cultural-institutions-and-catering-establishments-within-the-sanitary-and-epidemiological-dimension-during-the-covid-19-pandemic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">238</span> Flourishing in Marriage among Arab Couples in Israel: The Impact of Capitalization Support and Accommodation on Positive and Negative Affect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niveen%20Hassan-Abbas">Niveen Hassan-Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tammie%20Ronen-Rosenbaum"> Tammie Ronen-Rosenbaum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and purpose: 'Flourishing in marriage' is a concept refers to married individuals’ high positivity ratio regarding their marriage, namely greater reported positive than negative emotions. The study proposes a different approach to marriage which emphasizes the place of the individual himself as largely responsible for his personal flourishing within marriage. Accordingly, the individual's desire to preserve and strengthen his marriage largely determines the marital behavior in a way that will contribute to his marriage success (Actor Effect), regardless the contribution of his or her partner to his marriage success (Partner Effect). Another assumption was that flourishing in marriage could be achieved by two separate processes, where capitalization support increases the positive marriage's evaluations and accommodation decreases the negative one. A theoretical model was constructed, whereby individuals who were committed to their marriage were hypothesized as employing self-control skills by way of two dynamic processes. First, individual’s higher degree of 'capitalization supportive responses' - supportive responses to the partner's sharing of positive personal experiences - was hypothesized as increasing one’s positive evaluations of marriage and thereby one’s positivity ratio. Second, individual’s higher degree of 'accommodation' responses - the ability during conflict situations to control the impulse to respond destructively and instead to respond constructively - was hypothesized as decreasing one’s negative evaluations of marriage and thereby increasing one’s positivity ratio. Methods: Participants were 156 heterosexual Arab couples from different regions of Israel. The mean period of marriage was 10.19 (SD=7.83), ages were 31.53 years for women (SD=8.12) and 36.80 years for men (SD=8.07). Years of education were 13.87 for women (SD=2.84) and 13.23 years for men (SD=3.45). Each participant completed seven questionnaires: socio-demographic, self-control skills, commitment, capitalization support, accommodation, marital quality, positive and negative affect. Using statistical analyses adapted to dyadic research design, firstly descriptive statistics were calculated and preliminary tests were performed. Next, dyadic model based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: The assumption according to which flourishing in marriage can be achieved by two processes was confirmed. All of the Actor Effect hypotheses were confirmed. Participants with higher self-control used more capitalization support and accommodation responses. Among husbands, unlike wives, these correlations were stronger when the individual's commitment level was higher. More capitalization supportive responses were found to increase positive evaluations of marriage, and greater spousal accommodation was found to decrease negative evaluations of marriage. High positive evaluations and low negative evaluations were found to increase positivity ratio. Not according to expectation, four partner effect paths were found significant. Conclusions and Implications: The present findings coincide with the positive psychology approach that emphasizes human strengths. The uniqueness of this study is its proposal that individuals are largely responsible for their personal flourishing in marriage. This study demonstrated that marital flourishing can be achieved by two processes, where capitalization increases the positive and accommodation decreases the negative. Practical implications include the need to construct interventions that enhance self-control skills for employment of capitalizing responsiveness and accommodation processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accommodation" title="accommodation">accommodation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capitalization%20support" title=" capitalization support"> capitalization support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commitment" title=" commitment"> commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flourishing%20in%20marriage" title=" flourishing in marriage"> flourishing in marriage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positivity%20ratio" title=" positivity ratio"> positivity ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-control%20skills" title=" self-control skills"> self-control skills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88118/flourishing-in-marriage-among-arab-couples-in-israel-the-impact-of-capitalization-support-and-accommodation-on-positive-and-negative-affect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88118.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">237</span> Carbon Footprint of Educational Establishments: The Case of the University of Alicante</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20R.%20Mula-Molina">Maria R. Mula-Molina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20A.%20Ferriz-Papi"> Juan A. Ferriz-Papi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental concerns are increasingly obtaining higher priority in sustainability agenda of educational establishments. This is important not only for its environmental performance in its own right as an organization, but also to present a model for its students. On the other hand, universities play an important role on research and innovative solutions for measuring, analyzing and reducing environmental impacts for different activities. The assessment and decision-making process during the activity of educational establishments is linked to the application of robust indicators. In this way, the carbon footprint is a developing indicator for sustainability that helps understand the direct impact on climate change. But it is not easy to implement. There is a large amount of considering factors involved that increases its complexity, such as different uses at the same time (research, lecturing, administration), different users (students, staff) or different levels of activity (lecturing, exam or holidays periods). The aim of this research is to develop a simplified methodology for calculating and comparing carbon emissions per user at university campus considering two main aspects for carbon accountings: Building operations and transport. Different methodologies applied in other Spanish university campuses are analyzed and compared to obtain a final proposal to be developed in this type of establishments. First, building operation calculation considers the different uses and energy sources consumed. Second, for transport calculation, the different users and working hours are calculated separately, as well as their origin and traveling preferences. For every transport, a different conversion factor is used depending on carbon emissions produced. The final result is obtained as an average of carbon emissions produced per user. A case study is applied to the University of Alicante campus in San Vicente del Raspeig (Spain), where the carbon footprint is calculated. While the building operation consumptions are known per building and month, it does not happen with transport. Only one survey about the habit of transport for users was developed in 2009/2010, so no evolution of results can be shown in this case. Besides, building operations are not split per use, as building services are not monitored separately. These results are analyzed in depth considering all factors and limitations. Besides, they are compared to other estimations in other campuses. Finally, the application of the presented methodology is also studied. The recommendations concluded in this study try to enhance carbon emission monitoring and control. A Carbon Action Plan is then a primary solution to be developed. On the other hand, the application developed in the University of Alicante campus cannot only further enhance the methodology itself, but also render the adoption by other educational establishments more readily possible and yet with a considerable degree of flexibility to cater for their specific requirements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20operations" title="building operations">building operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=built%20environment" title=" built environment"> built environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20footprint" title=" carbon footprint"> carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport" title=" transport"> transport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54841/carbon-footprint-of-educational-establishments-the-case-of-the-university-of-alicante" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">236</span> Environmental Metabolic Rift and Tourism Development: A Look at the Impact of the Malawi Tourism Industry Development Pattern</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lameck%20Zetu%20Khonje">Lameck Zetu Khonje</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mulala%20Danny%20Simatele"> Mulala Danny Simatele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tourism industry in Malawi has grown tremendously during the past twenty-five years. This growth is attributed to the change in the political system which opened doors to international tourist and investment opportunities in the country which previously was under a strict repressive one-party political system. This research paper focuses on the developments that took place in the accommodation sector during the same period and the impact that it has partly caused on an environmental metabolic rift in the country which is now vulnerable to climate change-related catastrophes. Respondents from the government departments and the hotel sector were recruited for in-depth interviews. These interviews were conducted between July and November 2015 and follow up interviews were conducted between September and December 2017. Both results indicated there were minimal efforts pursued from the public sector to cartel capitalistic development tendencies in the accommodation sector. The results from the hotel revealed there were considerable efforts pursued driven by operating cost-cutting motive. Applying systems thinking the paper recommends that the policing machinery needs improvement to ensure that the industry also focuses on environmental wellbeing instead of profit maximization. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge on tourism development and climate change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accommodation%20sector" title="accommodation sector">accommodation sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20rift" title=" metabolic rift"> metabolic rift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malawi" title=" Malawi"> Malawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20industry" title=" tourism industry"> tourism industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103077/environmental-metabolic-rift-and-tourism-development-a-look-at-the-impact-of-the-malawi-tourism-industry-development-pattern" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">235</span> To Determine the Effects of Regulatory Food Safety Inspections on the Grades of Different Categories of Retail Food Establishments across the Dubai Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shugufta%20Mohammad%20Zubair">Shugufta Mohammad Zubair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the Effect of the new food System Inspection system also called the new inspection color card scheme on reduction of critical & major food safety violations in Dubai. Data was collected from all retail food service establishments located in two zones in the city. Each establishment was visited twice, once before the launch of the new system and one after the launch of the system. In each visit, the Inspection checklist was used as the evaluation tool for observation of the critical and major violations. The old format of the inspection checklist was concerned with scores based on the violations; but the new format of the checklist for the new inspection color card scheme is divided into administrative, general major and critical which gives a better classification for the inspectors to identify the critical and major violations of concerned. The study found that there has been a better and clear marking of violations after the launch of new inspection system wherein the inspectors are able to mark and categories the violations effectively. There had been a 10% decrease in the number of food establishment that was previously given A grade. The B & C grading were also considerably dropped by 5%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20inspection" title="food inspection">food inspection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20card%20scheme" title=" color card scheme"> color card scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violations" title=" violations"> violations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71630/to-determine-the-effects-of-regulatory-food-safety-inspections-on-the-grades-of-different-categories-of-retail-food-establishments-across-the-dubai-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">234</span> Aspects of the Promotional Language of Tourism in Social Media. A Case Study of Romanian Accommodation Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanda-Maria%20Ardeleanu">Sanda-Maria Ardeleanu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Cr%C4%83ciunescu"> Ana Crăciunescu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is sustained by our previous research on discursive strategies, whichdemonstrated that tourismhas developed and employed apromotional languageper se. We have studied this concept within the framework of audio-visual advertising by analyzing its discursive structures at the level of three main strategies (textual, visual, and both textual and visual) and confirmed the applicability of the promotional language per se within the field. Tourism, at large, represents a largely potential interdisplinary field, which allowed us to use qualitative methods of research such as Discourse Analysis (DA). Due to further research which showed that in the third phase of qualitative research methodologies, scholars in tourism recognized semiotics and DA as potential paths to follow, but which were insufficiently explored at the time, we soon realized that the natural next step to take is to bring together common qualitative methodologies for both fields, such as the method of observation, the triangulation, Discourse Analysis, etc. Therefore and in the light of fast transformations of the medium that intermediates the message, in this paper, we are going to focus on the manifestations of the promotional language in social media texts, which advertise for the urban industry of accommodation in Romania. We shall constitute a corpus of study as the basis for our research methodology and, through the empirical method of observation and DA, we propose to recognize or discover new patterns developed at textual (mainly) and visual level or the mix of the two, known as strategies of the promotional language of tourism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discourse%20analysis" title="discourse analysis">discourse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promotional%20language%20of%20tourism" title=" promotional language of tourism"> promotional language of tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20accommodation%20industry" title=" urban accommodation industry"> urban accommodation industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144100/aspects-of-the-promotional-language-of-tourism-in-social-media-a-case-study-of-romanian-accommodation-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">233</span> Management Methods of Food Losses in Polish Processing Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beata%20Bilska">Beata Bilska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzena%20Tomaszewska"> Marzena Tomaszewska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danuta%20Kolozyn-Krajewska"> Danuta Kolozyn-Krajewska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Food loss and food waste are a global problem of the modern economy. The research undertaken aimed to analyze how food is handled in catering establishments when it comes to food waste and to demonstrate the main ways of management with foods/dishes not served to consumers. A survey study was conducted from January to June 2019. The selection of catering establishments participating in the study was deliberate. The study included establishments located only in Mazowieckie Voivodeship (Poland). Forty-two completed questionnaires were collected. In some questions, answers were based on a 5-point scale of 1 to 5 (from "always" / "every day" to "never"). The survey also included closed questions with a suggested cafeteria of answers. The respondents stated that in their workplaces, dishes served cold and hot ready meals are discarded every day or almost every day (23.7% and 20.5% of answers respectively). A procedure most frequently used for dealing with dishes not served to consumers on a given day is their storage at a cool temperature until the following day. In the research, 1/5 of respondents admitted that consumers "always" or "usually" leave uneaten meals on their plates, and over 41% "sometimes" do so. It was found additionally that food not used in the foodservice sector is most often thrown into a public container for rubbish. Most often thrown into the public container (with communal trash) were: expired products (80.0%), plate waste (80.0%) and inedible products (fruit and vegetable peels, eggshells) (77.5%). Most frequently into the container dedicated only to food waste were thrown out used deep-frying oil (62.5%). 10% of respondents indicated that inedible products in their workplaces are allocated for animal feeds. Food waste in the foodservice sector remains an insufficiently studied issue, as owners of these objects are often unwilling to disclose data about the subject. Incorrect ways of management with foods not served to consumers were observed. There is a need to develop educational activities for employees and management in the context of food waste management in the foodservice sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20waste" title="food waste">food waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inedible%20products" title=" inedible products"> inedible products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20waste" title=" plate waste"> plate waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=used%20deep-frying%20oil" title=" used deep-frying oil"> used deep-frying oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116788/management-methods-of-food-losses-in-polish-processing-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">232</span> The Processing of Implicit Stereotypes in Contexts of Reading, Using Eye-Tracking and Self-Paced Reading Tasks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magali%20Mari">Magali Mari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Misha%20Muller"> Misha Muller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study’s objectives were to determine how diverse implicit stereotypes affect the processing of written information and linguistic inferential processes, such as presupposition accommodation. When reading a text, one constructs a representation of the described situation, which is then updated, according to new outputs and based on stereotypes inscribed within society. If the new output contradicts stereotypical expectations, the representation must be corrected, resulting in longer reading times. A similar process occurs in cases of linguistic inferential processes like presupposition accommodation. Presupposition accommodation is traditionally regarded as fast, automatic processing of background information (e.g., ‘Mary stopped eating meat’ is quickly processed as Mary used to eat meat). However, very few accounts have investigated if this process is likely to be influenced by domains of social cognition, such as implicit stereotypes. To study the effects of implicit stereotypes on presupposition accommodation, adults were recorded while they read sentences in French, combining two methods, an eye-tracking task and a classic self-paced reading task (where participants read sentence segments at their own pace by pressing a computer key). In one condition, presuppositions were activated with the French definite articles ‘le/la/les,’ whereas in the other condition, the French indefinite articles ‘un/une/des’ was used, triggering no presupposition. Using a definite article presupposes that the object has already been uttered and is thus part of background information, whereas using an indefinite article is understood as the introduction of new information. Two types of stereotypes were under examination in order to enlarge the scope of stereotypes traditionally analyzed. Study 1 investigated gender stereotypes linked to professional occupations to replicate previous findings. Study 2 focused on nationality-related stereotypes (e.g. ‘the French are seducers’ versus ‘the Japanese are seducers’) to determine if the effects of implicit stereotypes on reading are generalizable to other types of implicit stereotypes. The results show that reading is influenced by the two types of implicit stereotypes; in the two studies, the reading pace slowed down when a counter-stereotype was presented. However, presupposition accommodation did not affect participants’ processing of information. Altogether these results show that (a) implicit stereotypes affect the processing of written information, regardless of the type of stereotypes presented, and (b) that implicit stereotypes prevail over the superficial linguistic treatment of presuppositions, which suggests faster processing for treating social information compared to linguistic information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye-tracking" title="eye-tracking">eye-tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implicit%20stereotypes" title=" implicit stereotypes"> implicit stereotypes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reading" title=" reading"> reading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20cognition" title=" social cognition"> social cognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116482/the-processing-of-implicit-stereotypes-in-contexts-of-reading-using-eye-tracking-and-self-paced-reading-tasks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">231</span> Renovation of Industrial Zones in Ho Chi Minh City: An Approach from Changing Function of Processing to Urban Warehousing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thu%20Le%20Thi%20Bao">Thu Le Thi Bao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial parks have both active roles in promoting economic development and source of appearance of boarding houses and slums in the adjacent area, lacking infrastructure, causing many social evils. The context of the recent pandemic and climate change on a global scale pose issues that need to be resolved for sustainable development. Ho Chi Minh City aims to develop housing for migrant workers to stabilize human resources and, at the same time, solve problems of social evils caused by poor living conditions. The paper focuses on the content of renovating existing industrial parks and worker accommodation in Ho Chi Minh City to propose appropriate models, contributing to the goal of urban embellishment and solutions for industrial parks to adapt to abnormal impact conditions such as pandemics, climate change, crises. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20park" title="industrial park">industrial park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20housing" title=" social housing"> social housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accommodation" title=" accommodation"> accommodation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20center" title=" distribution center"> distribution center</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147634/renovation-of-industrial-zones-in-ho-chi-minh-city-an-approach-from-changing-function-of-processing-to-urban-warehousing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">230</span> Exploring Tourist’s Attitude towards Environmentally Friendly Practices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ren%C3%A9%20Haarhoff">René Haarhoff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Consumers are constantly reminded of their responsibility towards the environment in a world where words such as global warming, carbon footprint, recycling or ‘green’’ everything has become common language. What was previously considered to be ordinary practices are in many instances frowned upon today and consumers are expected to individually contribute towards a greener mother earth. However unused recycle bins, single travelers in luxury cars, busy airports and vast deforested areas for new developments tell another story. The question arises whether the everyday man in the street really takes the responsibility to balance the three pillars of sustainability: the planet, its people and profit. Undeniably our activities impact on the environment where a healthy economy is needed in a fast paced global environment. The situation is further gloomed in instances where the consumer has paid for inclusive services which directly impacts on the environment. A prime example of this is the tourism industry: accommodation establishments or resorts include clean, daily washed towels and bedding, large bath tubs, inclusive use of electricity and water to name a few. This research evaluates environmentally friendly practices consumers follow at home and also when on holiday. Respondents at Bloemfontein airport, often using tourism products were included in the study. Results reveal that the majority of respondents state that they are concerned about the environment yet when questioned on donation towards endangered species, switching off lights in hotel rooms or using water sparingly a significant difference in results are evident. From the research results it is evident that consumers do not practice what they preach towards a greener environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green" title="green">green</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer" title=" consumer"> consumer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20practices" title=" sustainable practices"> sustainable practices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18497/exploring-tourists-attitude-towards-environmentally-friendly-practices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">229</span> The Effect of Artificial Intelligence on International Law, Legal Security and Privacy Issues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akram%20Waheb%20Nasef%20Alzordoky">Akram Waheb Nasef Alzordoky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The wars and armed conflicts have frequently ended in violations of global humanitarian law and regularly devote the maximum severe global crimes, which include war crimes, crimes towards humanity, aggression and genocide. But, simplest inside the XX century, the guideline changed into an articulated idea of establishing a frame of worldwide criminal justice so that you can prosecute those crimes and their perpetrators. The first steps on this subject were made with the aid of setting up the worldwide army tribunals for warfare crimes at Nuremberg and Tokyo, and the formation of ad hoc tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. Ultimately, the global criminal courtroom was established in Rome in 1998 with the aim of justice and that allows you to give satisfaction to the sufferers of crimes and their families. The aim of the paper was to provide an ancient and comparative analysis of the establishments of worldwide criminal justice primarily based on which those establishments de lege lata fulfilled the goals of individual criminal responsibility and justice. Moreover, the authors endorse de lege ferenda that the everlasting global crook Tribunal, in addition to the potential case, additionally takes over the current ICTY and ICTR cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20privacy%20issues" title="social networks privacy issues">social networks privacy issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20security%20issues" title=" social networks security issues"> social networks security issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20privacy%20precautions%20measures" title=" social networks privacy precautions measures"> social networks privacy precautions measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20security%20precautions%20measures" title=" social networks security precautions measures"> social networks security precautions measures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190127/the-effect-of-artificial-intelligence-on-international-law-legal-security-and-privacy-issues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">228</span> Health Literacy in Jordan: Obstacles for Doctors and Quality Patient Care</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etaf%20Alkhlaifat">Etaf Alkhlaifat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study drew conceptually on Communication Accommodation Theory to describe and analyze conversations between doctors and patients to examine the extent to which patients’ level of literacy represents one of the linguistic obstacles that may adversely influence the quality of healthcare services in Jordan. A thematic qualitative approach was employed to interpret the phenomena under study, which required direct observation and interviews with doctors (n=6) and patients (n=15) in natural Jordanian medical settings. This generated a comprehensive corpus of audio and videotaped data, which revealed that most doctors expressed dissatisfaction with patients’ ability to express themselves and comprehend them as a result of a lack of medical awareness and limited health education. The significance of this study rests on its detailed investigation of the impact of health literacy on patients’ health outcomes and while providing unique insights into how low health literacy could contribute to misunderstanding and potential ill-health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doctor-patient%20communication" title="doctor-patient communication">doctor-patient communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20literacy" title=" health literacy"> health literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20knowledge" title=" medical knowledge"> medical knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20accommodation%20theory" title=" communication accommodation theory"> communication accommodation theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20research" title=" qualitative research"> qualitative research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193860/health-literacy-in-jordan-obstacles-for-doctors-and-quality-patient-care" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">227</span> Tourism Competitiveness Survey Analysis of Serbian Ski Resorts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marijana%20Panti%C4%87">Marijana Pantić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa%C5%A1a%20Miliji%C4%87"> Saša Milijić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Serbia as a continental country, the tourism industry relies on city-break, spa and mountain tourism, where ski resorts have primacy during the winter season. Even though the number of tourists has recently increased, the share of domestic tourists remained predominant. It is also noticed that tourists from Serbia eagerly travel abroad, which was so far researched in the context of summer holidays but not in the framework of ski resorts. Therefore, this paper examines the competitiveness of ski resorts in Serbia from the perspective of domestic tourists. A survey was used as a data collection method, covering various competitiveness dimensions. The aim is to recognize the main motives of consumers when choosing a ski resort in Serbia or abroad. The results showed that the choices of Serbian tourists are predominantly shaped by the cost of an offer – of accommodation above all others. They are attentive by estimating the value for money, which is the most common reason to choose a ski resort abroad over a domestic one. The crowd at ski resorts and ski runs appears to be a result of unbalanced accommodation capacities on the one hand and ski infrastructure on the other, which is currently the most notable competitiveness drawback of ski resorts in Serbia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountain%20tourism" title="mountain tourism">mountain tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serbia" title=" Serbia"> Serbia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ski%20resorts" title=" ski resorts"> ski resorts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20competitiveness" title=" tourism competitiveness"> tourism competitiveness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128885/tourism-competitiveness-survey-analysis-of-serbian-ski-resorts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accommodation%20establishments&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accommodation%20establishments&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accommodation%20establishments&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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