CINXE.COM
Continuing Medical Education CME Online | AudioDigest
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href="javascript:__doPostBack('mobileheader_0$rpSearchSpecialty$ctl00$btoSearchLink','')">Anesthesiology</a> <a id="mobileheader_0_rpSearchSpecialty_btoSearchLink_1" href="javascript:__doPostBack('mobileheader_0$rpSearchSpecialty$ctl01$btoSearchLink','')">Emergency Medicine</a> <a id="mobileheader_0_rpSearchSpecialty_btoSearchLink_2" href="javascript:__doPostBack('mobileheader_0$rpSearchSpecialty$ctl02$btoSearchLink','')">Family Medicine</a> <a id="mobileheader_0_rpSearchSpecialty_btoSearchLink_3" href="javascript:__doPostBack('mobileheader_0$rpSearchSpecialty$ctl03$btoSearchLink','')">Gastroenterology</a> <a id="mobileheader_0_rpSearchSpecialty_btoSearchLink_4" href="javascript:__doPostBack('mobileheader_0$rpSearchSpecialty$ctl04$btoSearchLink','')">General Surgery</a> <a id="mobileheader_0_rpSearchSpecialty_btoSearchLink_5" href="javascript:__doPostBack('mobileheader_0$rpSearchSpecialty$ctl05$btoSearchLink','')">Internal Medicine</a> <a id="mobileheader_0_rpSearchSpecialty_btoSearchLink_6" href="javascript:__doPostBack('mobileheader_0$rpSearchSpecialty$ctl06$btoSearchLink','')">NEJM Journal Watch Audio General Medicine</a> <a id="mobileheader_0_rpSearchSpecialty_btoSearchLink_7" href="javascript:__doPostBack('mobileheader_0$rpSearchSpecialty$ctl07$btoSearchLink','')">Neurology</a> <a id="mobileheader_0_rpSearchSpecialty_btoSearchLink_8" href="javascript:__doPostBack('mobileheader_0$rpSearchSpecialty$ctl08$btoSearchLink','')">Obstetrics Gynecology</a> <a id="mobileheader_0_rpSearchSpecialty_btoSearchLink_9" href="javascript:__doPostBack('mobileheader_0$rpSearchSpecialty$ctl09$btoSearchLink','')">Oncology</a> <a id="mobileheader_0_rpSearchSpecialty_btoSearchLink_10" href="javascript:__doPostBack('mobileheader_0$rpSearchSpecialty$ctl10$btoSearchLink','')">Ophthalmology</a> <a id="mobileheader_0_rpSearchSpecialty_btoSearchLink_11" href="javascript:__doPostBack('mobileheader_0$rpSearchSpecialty$ctl11$btoSearchLink','')">Orthopaedics</a> <a id="mobileheader_0_rpSearchSpecialty_btoSearchLink_12" href="javascript:__doPostBack('mobileheader_0$rpSearchSpecialty$ctl12$btoSearchLink','')">Otolaryngology</a> <a id="mobileheader_0_rpSearchSpecialty_btoSearchLink_13" href="javascript:__doPostBack('mobileheader_0$rpSearchSpecialty$ctl13$btoSearchLink','')">Pediatrics</a> <a id="mobileheader_0_rpSearchSpecialty_btoSearchLink_14" href="javascript:__doPostBack('mobileheader_0$rpSearchSpecialty$ctl14$btoSearchLink','')">Psychiatry</a> <a id="mobileheader_0_rpSearchSpecialty_btoSearchLink_15" href="javascript:__doPostBack('mobileheader_0$rpSearchSpecialty$ctl15$btoSearchLink','')">Urology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function validateSearchMobile() { var check = true; if ($("#mobileheader_0_txtKeywordsTop").val() == '') check = false; if ($.trim($("#mobileheader_0_txtKeywordsTop").val()) == '') check = false; if ($("#mobileheader_0_txtKeywordsTop").val().trim().length < 4) check = false; if (!check) { alert('Please enter minimum of 4 characters'); } else { window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ 'event': 'search', 'searchTerm': $("#mobileheader_0_txtKeywordsTop").val().trim() }); } return (check ? true : false); } </script> </div> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/built/mcssmin.css.gz?v=10.0.086" /> <div class="banner"> <div class="row" style="width: 100%; max-width: 100%;"> <div class="large-12 columns no-padding show-for-large-up11"> <ul class="home-hero-carousel" data-orbit data-options="timer: true; timer_speed:8000; auto-play:true; next_on_click:false; pause_on_hover:false; resume_on_mouseout: false; navigation_arrows: false; slide_number: false;"> <li class="bannerimage0" onclick="PromotionClick()"> <input type="hidden" id='hdnBannerNumber-0' class="hdnBannerNumber-0" value="0" /> <input type="hidden" id='PromotionName-0' class='PromotionName-0' value="" /> <input type="hidden" id='PromotionCreative-0' class='PromotionCreative-0' value="" /> <style type="text/css"> @media only screen and (max-width: 500px) { .bannerimage0 { background-image: url('/-/media/2024/November/WebBanner-BlackFriday-Nov22-mobile.ashx'), none; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; min-height: 299px; /*background-size: 100% 100%;*/ } } @media (min-width: 500px) and (max-width: 870px) { .bannerimage0 { background-image: url('/-/media/2024/November/WebBanner-BlackFriday-Nov22-tablet.ashx'), none; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; min-height: 299px; background-size: 100% 100%; } } @media (min-width: 871px) { .bannerimage0 { background-image: url('/-/media/2024/November/WebBanner-BlackFriday-Nov22-desktop.ashx'), none; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; min-height: 299px; } } </style> <a href="/Products" class="row" alt=" Black Friday Comes Early 25% off Platinum Plus Use code BLACKFRIDAY" style="display:block;"> <div class="columns large-12"> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="row home-hero-carousel-separator no-padding"> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function () { var promotions = []; $("ul.home-hero-carousel").find('li').each(function (j, li) { var position = "homepage_banner_" + j + 1; var promotionName = $("#PromotionName-" + j).val(); var promotionCreative = $("#PromotionCreative-" + j).val(); var promotion = { 'promotion_name': position }; promotions.push(promotion); }); window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ 'event': 'view_promotion', 'ecommerce_ga4': { 'promotion_name': promotions } }); }); function PromotionClick() { var bannerClass = $('li.active').attr("class"); var getIndex = bannerClass.match(/\d+/); var j = parseInt(getIndex[0]); var position = "homepage_banner_" + j + 1; var promotionName = $("#PromotionName-" + j).val(); var promotionCreative = $("#PromotionCreative-" + j).val(); window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ 'event': 'select_promotion', 'ecommerce_ga4': { 'promotion_name': position } }); } </script> <div style="display:block" id="productOverview"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-7 columns large-centered text-center overflow-hidden"> <h1 class="products-overview text-center" style="padding-top:20px"> <span style="color: #232323; font-family: " fira="" sans",sans-serif;"=""> Find the solution that fits your needs:</span></h1> <p class="products-description margin-2" style="visibility:hidden">Headline goes here of some kind</p> </div> <div class="large-10 columns large-centered text-center"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-4 medium-12 small-12 columns text-center Activecontainer stepone"> <p class="Step">Step 1</p> <p class="Role">What's your<br>Role ?</p> <div class="font-awesome-select-field d-i-b w-225"> <select name="top_0$ddlSpecialty" id="designationroles" class="wk-icon-angle-down no-background price-range-select"> <option selected="selected" value="0">Select Role</option> <option value="01">MD Physician</option> <option value="02">MD Student/Intern/Resident</option> <option value="03">DO Physician</option> <option value="04">DO Student/InternResident</option> <option value="11">Physician Assistant (PA)</option> <option value="12">PA Student</option> <option value="09">Nurse Practitioner (NP)</option> <option value="27">Pharmacist</option> <option value="26">Pharmacy Technician</option> <option value="10">NP Student</option> <option value="07">Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)</option> <option value="21">Certified Diabetes Educators</option> <option value="22">Registered Dietitians</option> <option value="23">Dietetic Technicians</option> <option value="15">Registered Nurse (RN)</option> <option value="16">RN Student</option> <option value="20">Psychologist</option> <option value="18">Optometrist</option> <option value="17">Ophthalmalic Technician (COT/COA/COMT)</option> <option value="19">Respiratory Therapist (RT)</option> <option value="13">Retiree</option> <option value="05">Non-Medical</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="large-4 medium-12 small-12 columns text-center steptwo Inactivecontainer"> <p class="Step">Step 2</p> <p class="Role" style="">Select your area<br>of interest <p> <div class="font-awesome-select-field d-i-b w-225"> <select name="top_0$ddlSpecialty" id="Homepagespecialties" class="wk-icon-angle-down no-background price-range-select"> <option selected="selected" value="0">Select Speciality</option> <option value="01d65c53-01c9-4cde-a5fd-5e4e8b21fd07">Anesthesiology</option> <option value="70b9d477-fe7d-42c6-b359-606f32f0f960">Emergency Medicine</option> <option value="ae248850-fcff-4614-bb2c-8151fb88bbf8">Family Medicine</option> <option value="e32bd602-882b-422d-8be5-f4853213d01a">Gastroenterology</option> <option value="d55b189f-1710-4b8d-826a-4f587e819ffa">General Surgery</option> <option value="ab527861-22f0-40f1-b468-a8075ae5a8fc">Internal Medicine</option> <option value="64d516a6-40ee-4979-92de-a3ba34abf977">Neurology</option> <option value="93022a6f-bb3f-42d2-874e-2c169f5ab3fd">Obstetrics Gynecology</option> <option value="aa1f85ae-1a4d-4506-b29d-74e7ef5cc3b6">Oncology</option> <option value="2f5c8b74-82ec-48ce-b4a8-17bb67afb040">Ophthalmology</option> <option value="d32711b2-d2e6-4644-b1a7-d2646dc2871a">Orthopaedics</option> <option value="1ff13a5a-edbd-4ae5-9207-d9ba1f63d0c6">Otolaryngology</option> <option value="b6e4b8b0-3d88-47a3-a05f-0b76ddc6e073">Pediatrics</option> <option value="b0318f41-39e7-4a52-b3bf-11de4a0003a3">Psychiatry</option> <option value="b34f602c-eeb9-43a0-89fd-8bde33f76f15">Urology</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="large-4 medium-12 small-12 columns text-center default stepFinal Inactivecontainer"> <p class="Step">Final Step</p> <p class="finalRole" /> <div class="d-i-b w-225"><input type="button" value="Get Started" id="GetStartedBTN" class="wk-button-full fs-13 type-medium custombtn width100 Inactivebutton"></div> </div> <div class="large-12 columns text-center" style="margin-top:35px;"> <a href="/Products" style="display:block;color: #007ac3;text-decoration: underline;">Explore Options → <!-- <i class="fa-regular fa-arrow-right"></i> --></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style> .Inactivebutton{ opacity: .4; } .activebutton{ opacity: 1; } .w-225 { width: 225px; max-width: 90%; } .Activecontainer #designationroles , .Activecontainer #Homepagespecialties{ border: 1px solid #616489; } .Activecontainer{ background-color:#eef2f5; border: 2px solid #e9e8eb; /* min-width:350px; min-height:300px; */ margin: 10px 0px; } .Inactivecontainer { background-color: #f7f7f7; border: 2px solid #e9e8eb; /*width: 28%;*/ min-height: 200px; /*margin: 0px 15px;*/ margin-top: 10px; opacity: .6; } .Activecontainer .Step{ font-weight: bold; margin-top: 15px; font-size: 22px; } .Activecontainer .Role{ font-size: 22px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 950px){ .Inactivecontainer{ background-color:#f7f7f7; border: 2px solid #e9e8eb; width:28%; min-height:225px; margin: 0px 15px; margin-top: 50px; opacity: .6; } .Activecontainer{ background-color:#eef2f5; border: 2px solid #e9e8eb; max-width:350px; width: 33%; height:300px; margin: 10px 10px 0px 10px } .Activecontainer.stepone p.Step , .Activecontainer.steptwo p.Step{ margin-top: 38px; } .default.stepFinal.Inactivecontainer p.Step{ margin-top: 60px; } } .Inactivecontainer .Step{ font-weight: bold; margin-top: 15px; color: #ccc; } .Inactivecontainer .Role{ color: #ccc; } .Inactivecontainer .wk-button{ opacity: .4; } .d-none{ display:none; } #productOverview .circle { width: 30px; height: 30px; border-radius: 71%; text-align: center; font-size: 20px; background: #000; border: 1px solid #000; float: left; color: #fff; } #productDetail .font-awesome-select-field:after, #productOverview .font-awesome-select-field:after { top: 0.1em; background-color: #fff; right: 1px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 5px; } #productOverview ol { position: relative; overflow: hidden; counter-reset: wizard; } #productOverview li { position: relative; float: left; width: 25%; text-align: center; color: #000; } #productOverview .current ~ li { color: #000; } #productOverview li::marker { content: ''; } #productOverview li:before { counter-increment: wizard; content: counter(wizard); display: block; color: #fff; background-color: #000; border: 1px solid #555; text-align: center; width: 2em; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; border-radius: 2em; position: relative; left: 50%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: -1em; z-index: 1; } #productOverview .current ~ li:before { background-color: transparent; color: #000; border-color: #000; } #productOverview li + li:after { content: ""; display: block; width: 100%; background-color: #000; height: 2px; position: absolute; left: -50%; top: 1em; z-index: 0; } #productOverview .current ~ li:after { background-color: #555; } #productOverview .fa-arrow-right:before { content: "\f061"; font: normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome; font-size: 1.8em; color: #474747; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; position: absolute; pointer-events: none; } #productOverview .fa-arrow-right:before { content: "\f061"; font: normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome; font-size: 1.2em; color: #534d84; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; position: absolute; pointer-events: none; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px; } .Role.finalRole{ font-size: 16px; } .Inactivecontainer #GetStartedBTN{ opacity: .2; } .w-225 { width: 225px; } .stepFinal.Activecontainer{ padding-bottom: 10px; } </style> <script> $(document).ready(function() { var e = $("#designationroles").find(":selected").val(), t = $("#Homepagespecialties").find(":selected").val(); $(".Inactivecontainer select").attr("disabled", "disabled"), $("#GetStartedBTN").attr("disabled", !0), $(document).on("change", "#designationroles", function() { 0 != (e = $("#designationroles").find(":selected").val()) ? ($(".steptwo").removeClass("Inactivecontainer").addClass("Activecontainer"), $(".stepone").removeClass("Activecontainer").addClass("Inactivecontainer"), $(".Inactivecontainer select").attr("disabled", "disabled"), $(".Activecontainer select").removeAttr("disabled"), $("#GetStartedBTN").attr("disabled", !0)) : ($(".stepFinal, .steptwo").removeClass("Activecontainer").addClass("Inactivecontainer"), $(".finalRole").html("")), 0 != e && 0 != t ? ($(".stepone , steptwo").removeClass("Activecontainer").addClass("Inactivecontainer"), $("#GetStartedBTN").removeClass("Inactivebutton").addClass("activebutton")) : ($("#GetStartedBTN").removeClass("activebutton").addClass("Inactivebutton"), $(".finalRole").html("")), 0 != e && 0 != t ? $("#GetStartedBTN").removeClass("Inactivebutton").addClass("activebutton") : ($("#GetStartedBTN").removeClass("activebutton").addClass("Inactivebutton"), $(".finalRole").html("")) $("#GetStartedBTN").attr("disabled", true); if($("#Homepagespecialties").find(":selected").val() != 0){ $(".finalRole").html("You've Chosen :<br/>" + $("#designationroles").find(":selected").text() + "<br/> " + $("#Homepagespecialties").find(":selected").text()) } }), $(document).on("change", "#Homepagespecialties", function() { t = $("#Homepagespecialties").find(":selected").val(), 0 != (e = $("#designationroles").find(":selected").val()) && 0 != t ? ($(".stepone , .steptwo").removeClass("Activecontainer").addClass("Inactivecontainer"), $(".stepFinal").removeClass("Inactivecontainer").addClass("Activecontainer"), $("#GetStartedBTN").attr("disabled", !1), $("#GetStartedBTN").removeClass("Inactivebutton").addClass("activebutton"), $(".finalRole").html("You've Chosen :<br/>" + $("#designationroles").find(":selected").text() + "<br/> " + $("#Homepagespecialties").find(":selected").text())) : ($("#GetStartedBTN").removeClass("activebutton").addClass("Inactivebutton"), $(".finalRole").html("")), $(".Inactivecontainer select").attr("disabled", "disabled"), $(".Activecontainer select").removeAttr("disabled") if($("#Homepagespecialties").find(":selected").val() != 0){ $(".finalRole").html("You've Chosen :<br/>" + $("#designationroles").find(":selected").text() + "<br/> " + $("#Homepagespecialties").find(":selected").text()) $("#GetStartedBTN").removeAttr('disabled'); }else{ $("#GetStartedBTN").attr("disabled", "disabled") $(".stepFinal").addClass("default") } }), $("#GetStartedBTN").click(function(e) { var t = "/Products?role=" + $("#designationroles").find(":selected").text() + "&specialty=" + $("#Homepagespecialties").find(":selected").text(); window.location = t }) $(document).on('click' , '.stepone.Inactivecontainer' , function(){ $(".steptwo.Activecontainer").removeClass("Activecontainer").addClass("Inactivecontainer"), $(".Inactivecontainer select").attr("disabled", "disabled"), $(".Activecontainer select").removeAttr("disabled") $(this).removeClass("Inactivecontainer").addClass("Activecontainer") $(".stepFinal.Activecontainer").removeClass("Activecontainer").addClass("Inactivecontainer"), $("#GetStartedBTN").attr("disabled", "disabled") $(".Activecontainer select").removeAttr("disabled") }) $(document).on('click' , '.stepone.Inactivecontainer' , function(){ $(".steptwo.Activecontainer").removeClass("Activecontainer").addClass("Inactivecontainer") $(".Inactivecontainer select").attr("disabled", "disabled") $(".stepFinal.Activecontainer").removeClass("Activecontainer").addClass("Inactivecontainer") $("#GetStartedBTN").attr("disabled", "disabled") $(this).removeClass("Inactivecontainer").addClass("Activecontainer") $(".Activecontainer select").removeAttr('disabled'); $("#GetStartedBTN").attr("disabled", true); if($("#Homepagespecialties").find(":selected").val() != 0){ $(".finalRole").html("You've Chosen :<br/>" + $("#designationroles").find(":selected").text() + "<br/> " + $("#Homepagespecialties").find(":selected").text()); $(".stepFinal.Activecontainer").removeClass("default"); }else{ $(".stepFinal.Activecontainer").addClass("default"); } }) $(document).on('click' , '.steptwo.Inactivecontainer' , function(){ if($("#designationroles").find(":selected").val() != 0){ $(".stepFinal.Activecontainer").removeClass("Activecontainer default").addClass("Inactivecontainer") $(".stepone.Activecontainer").removeClass("Activecontainer").addClass("Inactivecontainer") $(".Inactivecontainer select").attr("disabled", "disabled") //$(".stepone.Activecontainer").removeClass("Activecontainer").addClass("Inactivecontainer") $("#GetStartedBTN").attr("disabled", "disabled") $(this).removeClass("Inactivecontainer").addClass("Activecontainer") $(".Activecontainer select").removeAttr('disabled'); } if($("#Homepagespecialties").find(":selected").val() != 0){ $(".finalRole").html("You've Chosen :<br/>" + $("#designationroles").find(":selected").text() + "<br/> " + $("#Homepagespecialties").find(":selected").text()) } }) $(document).on('click' , '.stepFinal.Inactivecontainer' , function(){ if($("#designationroles").find(":selected").val() != 0 && $("#Homepagespecialties").find(":selected").val() != 0){ $(".steptwo.Activecontainer").removeClass("Activecontainer").addClass("Inactivecontainer") $(".Inactivecontainer select").attr("disabled", "disabled") $(".stepone.Activecontainer").removeClass("Activecontainer").addClass("Inactivecontainer") $("#GetStartedBTN").attr("disabled", "disabled") $(this).removeClass("Inactivecontainer").addClass("Activecontainer") $(".Activecontainer select").removeAttr('disabled'); $("#GetStartedBTN").removeAttr('disabled'); } if($("#Homepagespecialties").find(":selected").val() != 0){ $(".finalRole").html("You've Chosen :<br/>" + $("#designationroles").find(":selected").text() + "<br/> " + $("#Homepagespecialties").find(":selected").text()) } }) }) </script> <div class="row comprehensive-cme"> <div class="page-header large-12 columns text-center"> <h3><span style="color: #232323; font-family: "Fira Sans",sans-serif; text-transform: lowercase;"> Superior Accredited Continuing Medical Education</span></h3> </div> <div class="page-content show-for-small-only cme-item"> <div class="content-wrapper"> <section id="Homepage-owl"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <div class="owl-carousel owl-theme"> <div class="item"> <img src="/-/media/2023/January/New-HomePage-Icons/home_01-info.ashx" class="content-SVG-icon" alt="highlights card"> <p class="content-heading">Relevant </p> </div> <div class="item"> <img src="/-/media/2023/January/New-HomePage-Icons/home_02-rosette.ashx" class="content-SVG-icon" alt="highlights card"> <p class="content-heading">Quality </p> </div> <div class="item"> <img src="/-/media/2023/January/New-HomePage-Icons/home_03-phone.ashx" class="content-SVG-icon" alt="highlights card"> <p class="content-heading">Convenient </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="hide-for-small-only row1 " data-equalizer> <div class="columns large-12"> <div class="large-4 columns cme-item medium-4" datasa-equalizer-watch> <div data-equalizer-watch> <!-- my HTML STRAT --> <div class="Homepage-content-icon text-center"> <img src="/-/media/2023/January/New-HomePage-Icons/home_01-info.ashx" class="content-SVG-icon" alt="highlights card"> </div> <p class="content-heading">Relevant </p> <p class="content-text d-none d-md-block text-center"> Best-in-class content presented by renowned experts from world-class institutions <style> .comprehensive-cme .cme-item p.content-heading { color: #232323; font-family: "Fira Sans",sans-serif; } .content-heading { margin-top: 25px; } </style> </p> </div> </div> <div class="large-4 columns cme-item medium-4" datasa-equalizer-watch> <div data-equalizer-watch> <!-- my HTML STRAT --> <div class="Homepage-content-icon text-center"> <img src="/-/media/2023/January/New-HomePage-Icons/home_02-rosette.ashx" class="content-SVG-icon" alt="highlights card"> </div> <p class="content-heading">Quality </p> <p class="content-text d-none d-md-block text-center"> Professionally-edited lectures with detailed summaries, from sources you know and trust </p> </div> </div> <div class="end large-4 columns cme-item medium-4" datasa-equalizer-watch> <div data-equalizer-watch> <!-- my HTML STRAT --> <div class="Homepage-content-icon text-center"> <img src="/-/media/2023/January/New-HomePage-Icons/home_03-phone.ashx" class="content-SVG-icon" alt="highlights card"> </div> <p class="content-heading">Convenient </p> <p class="content-text d-none d-md-block text-center"> Listen, test, and track CME credits anytime, anywhere on our highly rated app </p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="container_2_BottomSeparator" class="columns lage-12" style="display: none;"> <hr class="lines-divider" /> </div> </div> </div> <script src="/assets/javascripts/scripts.js"></script> <div class="page-content bootstrapiso" style="margin-bottom: 1.75rem;"> <div class="content-wrapper "> <div class="container-fluid mt-4 HomeAudioDigest-container wk-custom-no-padding"> <div class="row pr-3 sm-mobile-pr-0 mr-0 ml-0"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h3 class="text-center specialties no-text-transform">Specialties </h3> <div class="wk-field-item d-sm-block-d-md-none"> <div class="wk-field-header"> <label>Select specialtes </label> </div> <div class="wk-select-field"> <select id="selected-specialty-static" class="d-sm-block-d-md-none"> <option value="">Select your Specialty</option> <option selected value="Anesthesiology">Anesthesiology</option> <option value="Emergency Medicine">Emergency Medicine</option> <option value="Family Medicine">Family Medicine</option> <option value="Gastroenterology">Gastroenterology</option> <option value="General Surgery">General Surgery</option> <option value="Internal Medicine">Internal Medicine</option> <option value="Neurology">Neurology</option> <option value="Obstetrics Gynecology">Obstetrics Gynecology</option> <option value="Oncology">Oncology</option> <option value="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</option> <option value="Orthopaedics">Orthopaedics</option> <option value="Otolaryngology">Otolaryngology</option> <option value="Pediatrics">Pediatrics</option> <option value="Psychiatry">Psychiatry</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab col-sm-4 wk-custom-col-sm-hide"> <div class="tablinks active" onclick="openspecialty(event, 'Anesthesiology')" id="">Anesthesiology </div> <div class="tablinks " onclick="openspecialty(event, 'Emergency Medicine')" id="">Emergency Medicine </div> <div class="tablinks " onclick="openspecialty(event, 'Family Medicine')" id="">Family Medicine </div> <div class="tablinks " onclick="openspecialty(event, 'Gastroenterology')" id="">Gastroenterology </div> <div class="tablinks " onclick="openspecialty(event, 'General Surgery')" id="">General Surgery </div> <div class="tablinks " onclick="openspecialty(event, 'Internal Medicine')" id="">Internal Medicine </div> <div class="tablinks " onclick="openspecialty(event, 'Neurology')" id="">Neurology </div> <div class="tablinks " onclick="openspecialty(event, 'Obstetrics Gynecology')" id="">Obstetrics Gynecology </div> <div class="tablinks " onclick="openspecialty(event, 'Oncology')" id="">Oncology </div> <div class="tablinks " onclick="openspecialty(event, 'Ophthalmology')" id="">Ophthalmology </div> <div class="tablinks " onclick="openspecialty(event, 'Orthopaedics')" id="">Orthopaedics </div> <div class="tablinks " onclick="openspecialty(event, 'Otolaryngology')" id="">Otolaryngology </div> <div class="tablinks " onclick="openspecialty(event, 'Pediatrics')" id="">Pediatrics </div> <div class="tablinks " onclick="openspecialty(event, 'Psychiatry')" id="">Psychiatry </div> </div> <div id="Anesthesiology" class="tabcontent col-sm-12 col-md-8 mb-3 wk-custom-0rem-margin" style='display:block'> <p>Our Anesthesiology series includes lectures on anesthesia procedures, methods and techniques, organ-based clinical sciences, clinical subspecialties, and special problems and issues.</p> <p class="homepage-tabcontent-hedding"> Recently Published and Highly Acclaimed:</p> <ul> <li> The Role of the Anesthesiologist as Perioperative Physician </li> <li> Anesthesia for Interventional Endoscopy </li> <li> Identifying Susceptibility to Malignant Hyperthermia </li> <li> Updates on surgery for cancers of the GI tract</li> <li> Ethical Dilemmas: Overcoming Challenges of Inadequate Anesthesia<br /><br /></li></ul> <!-- <p class="homepage-tabcontent-hedding"> Anesthesiology for CRNA’s </p> <p>Our Anesthesiology CRNA CE series includes the very best in Anesthesia CE, by leading experts from world-class healthcare institutions. You’ll hear about the latest methods and techniques in anesthesia procedures, organ-based clinical sciences, clinical subspecialties, and special problems and issues.</p> --> <div class="d-sm-none-d-md-block"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-1 col-md-4"></div> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-11"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-right"> <a href="/Specialties/Anesthesiology">Learn More</a> <a href="/Specialties/Anesthesiology" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145"> Buy Now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-1"></div> </div> </div> <div class="d-sm-block-d-md-none"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-center"> <a href="/Specialties/Anesthesiology" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145 Registercustombtn ml-0"> Buy now </a> <a href="/Specialties/Anesthesiology" class="mt-3" style=" line-height: 40px;">Learn More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style> .bootstrapiso .tab { background-color: #003D62; } </style> </div> <div id="Emergency Medicine" class="tabcontent col-sm-12 col-md-8 mb-3 wk-custom-0rem-margin" style='display:none'> <p>Our Emergency Medicine CME series includes the very best in Emergency Medicine CE, by leading experts from world-class healthcare institutions. You’ll hear about infectious diseases, trauma, toxicology and pediatric emergencies - the top four most frequently requested topics from your peers- and more. </p> <p class="homepage-tabcontent-hedding"> Recently Published and Highly Acclaimed Topics:</p> <ul> <li>Alcohol Withdrawal</li> <li>Trauma in the Elderly</li> <li>Mass Shootings and Mental Illness</li> <li>Rabies and Mammalian Bites</li> <li>Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Evaluation, Diagnosis and Management </li> </ul> <div class="d-sm-none-d-md-block"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-1 col-md-4"></div> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-11"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-right"> <a href="/Specialties/Emergency-Medicine">Learn more</a> <a href="/Specialties/Emergency-Medicine" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145"> Buy now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-1"></div> </div> </div> <div class="d-sm-block-d-md-none"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-center"> <a href="/Specialties/Emergency-Medicine" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145 Registercustombtn ml-0"> Buy now </a> <a href="/Specialties/Emergency-Medicine" class="mt-3" style=" line-height: 40px;">Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Family Medicine" class="tabcontent col-sm-12 col-md-8 mb-3 wk-custom-0rem-margin" style='display:none'> <p> The Family Medicine CME series includes the very best in Family Medicine Clinical Education. You’ll hear about everything from diagnosing early onset Alzheimer’s disease to identifying and treating rare infectious disease and so much more. </p> <p class="homepage-tabcontent-hedding"> Recently Published and Highly Acclaimed Topics: </p> <ul> <li>Vaccine Hesitancy: How to Talk So Parents Will Listen, and Listen So Parents Will Talk</li> <li>Understanding the Consequences of Care in the Geriatric Population</li> <li>Hospice for Family Medicine</li> <li>When to Test, When to Treat, and When to Ignore “Dirty” Urine</li> <li>Research Articles of Clinical Interest </li> </ul> <div class="d-sm-none-d-md-block"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-1 col-md-4"></div> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-11"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-right"> <a href="/Specialties/Family-Medicine">Learn more</a> <a href="/Specialties/Family-Medicine" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145"> Buy now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-1"></div> </div> </div> <div class="d-sm-block-d-md-none"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-center"> <a href="/Specialties/Family-Medicine" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145 Registercustombtn ml-0"> Buy now </a> <a href="/Specialties/Family-Medicine" class="mt-3" style=" line-height: 40px;">Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Gastroenterology" class="tabcontent col-sm-12 col-md-8 mb-3 wk-custom-0rem-margin" style='display:none'> <p> The Gastroenterology CME series includes the very best in Gastroenterology Clinical Education to provide the latest evidence-based techniques and procedures from leading experts at world class institutions. You’ll hear about pediatric gastroenterology, esophageal disorders, inflammatory diseases and more. </p> <p class="homepage-tabcontent-hedding"> Recently Published and Highly Acclaimed Topics:</p> <ul> <li>Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pregnancy</li> <li>Hereditary Pancreatic Cancer</li> <li>Autoimmune Pancreatitis</li> <li>Eosinophilic Esophagitis</li> <li>Barrett Esophagus Update </li> </ul> <div class="d-sm-none-d-md-block"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-1 col-md-4"></div> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-11"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-right"> <a href="/Specialties/Gastroenterology">Learn more</a> <a href="/Specialties/Gastroenterology" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145"> Buy now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-1"></div> </div> </div> <div class="d-sm-block-d-md-none"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-center"> <a href="/Specialties/Gastroenterology" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145 Registercustombtn ml-0"> Buy now </a> <a href="/Specialties/Gastroenterology" class="mt-3" style=" line-height: 40px;">Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="General Surgery" class="tabcontent col-sm-12 col-md-8 mb-3 wk-custom-0rem-margin" style='display:none'> <p> The General Surgery CME series includes the very best in General Surgery Clinical Education. General surgery covers such topics as innovations in surgical techniques, operating under difficult conditions, updates on guidelines and so much more. </p> <p class="homepage-tabcontent-hedding"> Recently Published and Highly Acclaimed Topics:</p> <ul> <li>Surgical Management of Complicated Clostridium difficile Infection</li> <li>Management of Stage IV Colorectal Cancer and Multiorgan Involvement</li> <li>Infection and Trauma in the Intensive Care Unit</li> <li>Trauma in the Elderly</li> <li>Prevention and Management of Iatrogenic Bile Duct Injuries </li> </ul> <div class="d-sm-none-d-md-block"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-1 col-md-4"></div> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-11"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-right"> <a href="/Specialties/General-Surgery">Learn more</a> <a href="/Specialties/General-Surgery" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145"> Buy now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-1"></div> </div> </div> <div class="d-sm-block-d-md-none"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-center"> <a href="/Specialties/General-Surgery" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145 Registercustombtn ml-0"> Buy now </a> <a href="/Specialties/General-Surgery" class="mt-3" style=" line-height: 40px;">Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Internal Medicine" class="tabcontent col-sm-12 col-md-8 mb-3 wk-custom-0rem-margin" style='display:none'> <p>The Internal Medicine CME series includes the very best in Internal Medicine Clinical Education. The Internal Medicine series covers such topics as infectious diseases, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic disorders and so much more. </p> <p class="homepage-tabcontent-hedding"> Recently Published and Highly Acclaimed Topics:</p> <ul> <li>Dementia Types and Trajectory of Disease</li> <li>Nonsurgical Approaches to Low Back Pain</li> <li>Hormones and Hypertension: Practical Tips from an Endocrinologist</li> <li>Respiratory Viral Infections in Hospital Medicine</li> <li>The Spectrum of GERD</li> </ul> <div class="d-sm-none-d-md-block"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-1 col-md-4"></div> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-11"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-right"> <a href="/Specialties/Internal-Medicine">Learn more</a> <a href="/Specialties/Internal-Medicine" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145"> Buy now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-1"></div> </div> </div> <div class="d-sm-block-d-md-none"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-center"> <a href="/Specialties/Internal-Medicine" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145 Registercustombtn ml-0"> Buy now </a> <a href="/Specialties/Internal-Medicine" class="mt-3" style=" line-height: 40px;">Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Neurology" class="tabcontent col-sm-12 col-md-8 mb-3 wk-custom-0rem-margin" style='display:none'> <p> The Neurology CME series includes the very best in Neurology CE, by leading experts from world-class healthcare institutions. The Neurology series overs evidence-based updates on important topics such as acute and chronic pain, dementia, stroke, traumatic brain injury and much more. </p> <p class="homepage-tabcontent-hedding"> Recently Published and Highly Acclaimed Topics:</p> <ul> <li>Cannabis for Chronic Pain and Headache</li> <li>Expanded Opportunities for Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke</li> <li>Executive Functioning and Coping Following Traumatic Brain Injury</li> <li>Recreational Drug Use and Stroke</li> <li>Neurobiology of ADHD</li> </ul> <div class="d-sm-none-d-md-block"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-1 col-md-4"></div> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-11"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-right"> <a href="/Specialties/Neurology">Learn more</a> <a href="/Specialties/Neurology" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145"> Buy now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-1"></div> </div> </div> <div class="d-sm-block-d-md-none"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-center"> <a href="/Specialties/Neurology" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145 Registercustombtn ml-0"> Buy now </a> <a href="/Specialties/Neurology" class="mt-3" style=" line-height: 40px;">Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Obstetrics Gynecology" class="tabcontent col-sm-12 col-md-8 mb-3 wk-custom-0rem-margin" style='display:none'> <p> The Obstetrics/Gynecology CME series includes the very best in Obstetrics and Gynecology CE, by leading experts from world-class healthcare institutions. The OB/Gyn series covers the latest in evidence-based updates on important topics such as preeclampsia, urinary tract infections, hypertension and more. </p> <p class="homepage-tabcontent-hedding"> Recently Published and Highly Acclaimed Topics:</p> <ul> <li>Best Practices for Vaccination in Women</li> <li>Implementation of an ERAS Program for Same-Day Hysterectomy</li> <li>Current Strategies for Urinary Incontinence</li> <li>Preconception Counseling and Counseling for Women Trying to Conceive</li> <li>Cancer Screening for Women: Breast, Uterus, and Ovary</li> </ul> <div class="d-sm-none-d-md-block"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-1 col-md-4"></div> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-11"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-right"> <a href="/Specialties/Obstetrics-and-Gynecology">Learn more</a> <a href="/Specialties/Obstetrics-and-Gynecology" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145"> Buy now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-1"></div> </div> </div> <div class="d-sm-block-d-md-none"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-center"> <a href="/Specialties/Obstetrics-and-Gynecology" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145 Registercustombtn ml-0"> Buy now </a> <a href="/Specialties/Obstetrics-and-Gynecology" class="mt-3" style=" line-height: 40px;">Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Oncology" class="tabcontent col-sm-12 col-md-8 mb-3 wk-custom-0rem-margin" style='display:none'> <p> The Oncology CME series includes the very best in Oncology CE, by leading experts from world-class healthcare institutions. The Oncology series covers the latest on testing and treatment strategies including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy, combination therapy, surveillance, and more. </p> <p class="homepage-tabcontent-hedding"> Recently Published and Highly Acclaimed Topics:</p> <ul> <li>Late Toxicity in the Treatment of Oropharyngeal Cancer</li> <li>Operable Melanoma: Updates on Screening, Prognostication, and Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapies</li> <li>Trimodality Therapy vs Radical Cystectomy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer</li> <li>Personalized Medicine for Gastrointestinal Malignancies</li> <li>Systemic Management of Testis Cancer</li> </ul> <div class="d-sm-none-d-md-block"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-1 col-md-4"></div> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-11"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-right"> <a href="/Specialties/Oncology">Learn more</a> <a href="/Specialties/Oncology" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145"> Buy now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-1"></div> </div> </div> <div class="d-sm-block-d-md-none"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-center"> <a href="/Specialties/Oncology" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145 Registercustombtn ml-0"> Buy now </a> <a href="/Specialties/Oncology" class="mt-3" style=" line-height: 40px;">Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Ophthalmology" class="tabcontent col-sm-12 col-md-8 mb-3 wk-custom-0rem-margin" style='display:none'> <p> The Ophthalmology CME series includes the very best in Ophthalmology CE, by leading experts from world-class healthcare institutions. The Ophthalmology series covers the latest in medication, innovative surgical techniques, new tools and technologies. </p> <p class="homepage-tabcontent-hedding"> Recently Published and Highly Acclaimed Topics:</p> <ul> <li>Strategies for Risk Management</li> <li>Optic Neuritis and Neuromyelitis Optica</li> <li>Retinal Arterial Ischemia: New Guidelines</li> <li>Dogma and Authority in Ophthalmology</li> <li>Update on Pediatric Cataract</li> </ul> <div class="d-sm-none-d-md-block"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-1 col-md-4"></div> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-11"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-right"> <a href="/Specialties/Ophthalmology">Learn more</a> <a href="/Specialties/Ophthalmology" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145"> Buy now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-1"></div> </div> </div> <div class="d-sm-block-d-md-none"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-center"> <a href="/Specialties/Ophthalmology" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145 Registercustombtn ml-0"> Buy now </a> <a href="/Specialties/Ophthalmology" class="mt-3" style=" line-height: 40px;">Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Orthopaedics" class="tabcontent col-sm-12 col-md-8 mb-3 wk-custom-0rem-margin" style='display:none'> <p> The Orthopaedics CME series includes very best in Orthopaedics CE, by leading experts from world-class healthcare institutions. The Orthopaedics series covers trauma, reconstruction, bone health, pediatrics, and much more. </p> <p class="homepage-tabcontent-hedding"> Recently Published and Highly Acclaimed Topics:</p> <ul> <li>Pediatric Hip Dysplasia: Diagnosis and Treatment</li> <li>Multimodal Analgesia</li> <li>Approach to Total Ankle Replacement</li> <li>Tackling the Opioid Crisis</li> <li>Open Reduction and internal Fixation of Talus Fractures: Tips and Pearls</li> </ul> <div class="d-sm-none-d-md-block"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-1 col-md-4"></div> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-11"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-right"> <a href="/Specialties/Orthopaedics">Learn more</a> <a href="/Specialties/Orthopaedics" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145"> Buy now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-1"></div> </div> </div> <div class="d-sm-block-d-md-none"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-center"> <a href="/Specialties/Orthopaedics" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145 Registercustombtn ml-0"> Buy now </a> <a href="/Specialties/Orthopaedics" class="mt-3" style=" line-height: 40px;">Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Otolaryngology" class="tabcontent col-sm-12 col-md-8 mb-3 wk-custom-0rem-margin" style='display:none'> <p> The Otolaryngology CME series includes the very best in Otolaryngology CE, by leading experts from world-class healthcare institutions. The Otolaryngology series covers everything from treatment of infectious disease of the sinus cavity, to surgical removal of benign and malignant tumors, to assessment of sensorineural hearing loss, and much more. </p> <p class="homepage-tabcontent-hedding"> Recently Published and Highly Acclaimed Topics:</p> <ul> <li>Synaptopathy: New Understanding of Sensorineuronal Hearing Loss</li> <li>Bone Cement in Otology</li> <li>Upper Airway Stimulation for Sleep Apnea</li> <li>Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Avoiding and Managing Complications</li> <li>Thyroid Lumps and Bumps</li> </ul> <div class="d-sm-none-d-md-block"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-1 col-md-4"></div> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-11"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-right"> <a href="/Specialties/Otolaryngology">Learn more</a> <a href="/Specialties/Otolaryngology" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145"> Buy now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-1"></div> </div> </div> <div class="d-sm-block-d-md-none"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-center"> <a href="/Specialties/Otolaryngology" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145 Registercustombtn ml-0"> Buy now </a> <a href="/Specialties/Otolaryngology" class="mt-3" style=" line-height: 40px;">Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Pediatrics" class="tabcontent col-sm-12 col-md-8 mb-3 wk-custom-0rem-margin" style='display:none'> <p> The Pediatrics CME series includes the very best in Pediatrics CE, by leading experts from world-class healthcare institutions. The Pediatrics series covers recent changes in immunization guidelines, follow-up of preterm infants, special concerns of adolescents, and much more. </p> <p class="homepage-tabcontent-hedding"> Recently Published and Highly Acclaimed Topics:</p> <ul> <li>Commonly Missed Cardiac Diagnoses in Children</li> <li>Back Pain in Children</li> <li>Antibiotic Stewardship in Pediatrics</li> <li>Syncope in Children and Adolescents</li> <li>Pediatric Emergencies: Diagnostic Dilemmas and Lessons Learned</li> </ul> <div class="d-sm-none-d-md-block"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-1 col-md-4"></div> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-11"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-right"> <a href="/Specialties/Pediatrics">Learn more</a> <a href="/Specialties/Pediatrics" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145"> Buy now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-1"></div> </div> </div> <div class="d-sm-block-d-md-none"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="checkmark min-100 pt-4 text-center"> <a href="/Specialties/Pediatrics" class="Specialtiescustombtn min-width145 Registercustombtn ml-0"> Buy now </a> <a href="/Specialties/Pediatrics" class="mt-3" style=" line-height: 40px;">Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Psychiatry" class="tabcontent col-sm-12 col-md-8 mb-3 wk-custom-0rem-margin" style='display:none'> <p> The Psychiatry CME series includes the very best in Psychiatry CE, by leading experts from world-class healthcare institutions. 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