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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Spedalskhet" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Spedalskhet" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk 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mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Spedalskhet" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Spedalskhet" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Spedalskhet_i_Norge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spedalskhet_i_Norge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Spedalskhet i Norge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spedalskhet_i_Norge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utbredelse_i_verden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utbredelse_i_verden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Utbredelse i verden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utbredelse_i_verden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sykdommen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sykdommen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sykdommen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sykdommen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Sykdommen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sykdommen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Smitteveier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smitteveier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Smitteveier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smitteveier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sykdomsutvikling_og_sykdomsmekanisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sykdomsutvikling_og_sykdomsmekanisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sykdomsutvikling og sykdomsmekanisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sykdomsutvikling_og_sykdomsmekanisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klinisk_presentasjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klinisk_presentasjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Klinisk presentasjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klinisk_presentasjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnostikk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnostikk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Diagnostikk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diagnostikk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behandling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behandling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Behandling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behandling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetikk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetikk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Genetikk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetikk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historikk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historikk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historikk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historikk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Spedalskhet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 134 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-134" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">134 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spedalskhed" title="Spedalskhed – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Spedalskhed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holdsveiki" title="Holdsveiki – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Holdsveiki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaatsheid" title="Melaatsheid – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Melaatsheid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="कुष्ठ – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कुष्ठ" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جذام – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جذام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A0" title="কুষ্ঠ – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কুষ্ঠ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llepra" title="Llepra – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llepra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="कुष्ठरोग – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कुष्ठरोग" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BCzam" title="Cüzam – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cüzam" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جوزام – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جوزام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A0" title="কুষ্ঠ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুষ্ঠ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A2-hong" title="Bâ-hong – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bâ-hong" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Лепра – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лепра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Лепра – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лепра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daot" title="Daot – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Daot" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Проказа – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Проказа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="མཛེ་ནད། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མཛེ་ནད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorgnez" title="Lorgnez – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lorgnez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khate" title="Khate – nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Khate" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maperembudzi" title="Maperembudzi – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Maperembudzi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwahanglwyf" title="Gwahanglwyf – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwahanglwyf" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%94%C5%8B_doro" title="Kɔŋ doro – dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Kɔŋ doro" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%AA%DE%92%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%AA_%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A8" title="ޖުޒާމު ބަލި – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖުޒާމު ބަލި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="कुष्ठरोग – doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कुष्ठरोग" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leepra" title="Leepra – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leepra" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Νόσος του Χάνσεν – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νόσος του Χάνσεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Leprosy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepro" title="Lepro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lepro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legenar" title="Legenar – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Legenar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جذام – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جذام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8pre" title="Lèpre – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lèpre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuturta%27a" title="Kuturta'a – fulfulde" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Kuturta'a" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulfulde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobhra" title="Lobhra – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lobhra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A4" title="રક્તપિત – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રક્તપિત" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%B3%91" title="나병 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나병" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuturta" title="Kuturta – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kuturta" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%80_(%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Բոր (հիվանդություն) – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բոր (հիվանդություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="कुष्ठरोग – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कुष्ठरोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guba" title="Guba – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Guba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepro" title="Lepro – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lepro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekpenta" title="Ekpenta – ibo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ekpenta" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ibo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyakit_Hansen" title="Penyakit Hansen – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penyakit Hansen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iqhenqa" title="Iqhenqa – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Iqhenqa" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebbra" title="Lebbra – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lebbra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%AA" title="צרעת – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צרעת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canat%CA%8A_k%CA%8Ad%C9%94%C5%8B" title="Canatʊ kʊdɔŋ – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Canatʊ kʊdɔŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A0%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%97" title="ಕುಷ್ಠರೋಗ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕುಷ್ಠರೋಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="კეთრი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კეთრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%9A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%AF" title="میٚونٛد – kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="میٚونٛد" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C4%85d" title="Trąd – kasjubisk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Trąd" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Алапес – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алапес" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukoma" title="Ukoma – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ukoma" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belwe%C5%9F%C3%AEn" title="Belweşîn – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Belweşîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Лепра – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лепра" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raupsai" title="Raupsai – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Raupsai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maba" title="Maba – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Maba" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leprosia" title="Leprosia – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Leprosia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebra" title="Lebra – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lebra" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Лепра – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лепра" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habokana" title="Habokana – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Habokana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A0%E0%B4%82" title="കുഷ്ഠം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കുഷ്ഠം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="कुष्ठरोग – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कुष्ठरोग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جذام – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جذام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyakit_kusta" title="Penyakit kusta – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penyakit kusta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusta" title="Kusta – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kusta" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A2ng-l%C3%A2i" title="Bâng-lâi – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bâng-lâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Уяман – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уяман" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="အနာကြီးရောဂါ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အနာကြီးရောဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="कुष्ठरोग – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कुष्ठरोग" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E7%97%85" title="ハンセン病 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハンセン病" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leepra" title="Leepra – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Leepra" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8pra" title="Lèpra – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lèpra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A0" title="କୁଷ୍ଠ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କୁଷ୍ଠ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qurcii" title="Qurcii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Qurcii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moxov" title="Moxov – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Moxov" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%9C" title="ਕੋਹੜ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਹੜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جذام – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جذام" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C4%85d" title="Trąd – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Trąd" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepr%C4%83" title="Lepră – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lepră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lliqti_unquy" title="Lliqti unquy – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lliqti unquy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Лепра – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лепра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A5" title="Араҥ – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Араҥ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83" title="कुष्ठरोगः – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कुष्ठरोगः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A1_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱢᱩᱰᱨᱩᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱩᱰᱨᱩᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – sardisk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepera" title="Lepera – sør-sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Lepera" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sør-sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lephera" title="Lephera – nord-sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Lephera" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="nord-sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leproza" title="Leproza – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Leproza" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebbra" title="Lebbra – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lebbra" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94" title="ලාදුරු – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලාදුරු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Leprosy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%88%DA%99%DA%BE" title="ڪوڙھ – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪوڙھ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulephelo" title="Bulephelo – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Bulephelo" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malomocenstvo" title="Malomocenstvo – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Malomocenstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobavost" title="Gobavost – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gobavost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="گولی – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گولی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Лепра – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лепра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9pra" title="Lépra – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Lépra" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra" title="Lepra – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lepra" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketong" title="Ketong – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ketong" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="தொழு நோய் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தொழு நோய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajbabuc" title="Ajbabuc – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ajbabuc" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D3%99%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%99" title="Ләперә – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ләперә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BF" title="కుష్టు వ్యాధి – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కుష్టు వ్యాధి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="เรื้อน – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรื้อน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C3%AFl" title="Abïl – dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Abïl" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BCzzam" title="Cüzzam – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cüzzam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwata" title="Kwata – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Kwata" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Проказа – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Проказа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جذام – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جذام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7%DB%8B" title="ماخاۋ – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ماخاۋ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phong_c%C3%B9i" title="Phong cùi – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phong cùi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pital" title="Pital – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pital" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanla" title="Sanla – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sanla" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E9%A3%8E" title="麻风 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="麻风" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhlokonho" title="Nhlokonho – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Nhlokonho" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8%CC%80t%E1%BA%B9%CC%80" title="Ẹ̀tẹ̀ – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹ̀tẹ̀" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%98%8B" title="麻瘋 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="麻瘋" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E9%A3%8E%E7%97%85" title="麻风病 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="麻风病" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36956#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Spedalskhet</th></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Leprosy_deformedfeet.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Leprosy_deformedfeet.JPG/250px-Leprosy_deformedfeet.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Leprosy_deformedfeet.JPG/375px-Leprosy_deformedfeet.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Leprosy_deformedfeet.JPG/500px-Leprosy_deformedfeet.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="thumbcaption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23957101">.mw-parser-output .byline{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .byline .hidden{display:none}</style><div class="byline"></div></div></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Område(r)</th><td colspan="2">Infeksjonsmedisin </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Symptom(er)</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Polynevropati" title="Polynevropati">Polynevropati</a>, hypestesi, depigmentering, parestesi, <a href="/wiki/Muskelsvinn" title="Muskelsvinn">muskelatrofi</a>, kontraksjoner, mutilasjon, lagoftalmus, <a href="/wiki/Keratitt" title="Keratitt">keratitt</a>, perforasjon av neseskillevegg, <a href="/wiki/Neseblod" title="Neseblod">neseblod</a>, dystrofi </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Smittemåte</th><td colspan="2">Kontaktsmitte </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Inkubasjonstid</th><td colspan="2"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">1</span> år<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-6a25eeddbaf5d49fc4cbb053c46c837c2ae40581-v2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-6a25eeddbaf5d49fc4cbb053c46c837c2ae40581-v2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-03b6c4e23b91083a818a1ffdf18d56e64e31e5c3-v2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-03b6c4e23b91083a818a1ffdf18d56e64e31e5c3-v2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–<span style="white-space:nowrap;">20</span> år<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-6a25eeddbaf5d49fc4cbb053c46c837c2ae40581-v2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-6a25eeddbaf5d49fc4cbb053c46c837c2ae40581-v2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-03b6c4e23b91083a818a1ffdf18d56e64e31e5c3-v2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-03b6c4e23b91083a818a1ffdf18d56e64e31e5c3-v2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Ekstern informasjon</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Liste_over_ICD-10-koder" title="Liste over ICD-10-koder">ICD-10-kode</a></th><td colspan="2">A30</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ICD-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ICD-9">ICD-9-kode</a></th><td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icd9.chrisendres.com/index.php?action=search&srchtext=030">030</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/OMIM" title="OMIM">OMIM</a></th><td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/607572">607572</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/609888">609888</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/613407">613407</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></th><td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb29180.htm">29180</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001347.htm">001347</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></th><td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220455-overview">220455</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1104977-overview">1104977</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1165419-overview">1165419</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D007918">D007918</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Spedalskhet</b>, også kalt <b>Hansens sykdom</b> eller ved det <a href="/wiki/Vitenskap" title="Vitenskap">vitenskapelige</a> navnet <b>lepra</b>, er en <a href="/wiki/Infeksjon" title="Infeksjon">infeksjonssykdom</a> forårsaket av lepra-basillen <i><a href="/wiki/Leprabasill" title="Leprabasill">Mycobacterium leprae</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Bakterier" title="Bakterier">Bakterien</a> ble første gang beskrevet i <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a> av den norske legen <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Henrik_Armauer_Hansen" title="Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen">Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen</a>. Det var første gang en <a href="/wiki/Mikroorganisme" title="Mikroorganisme">mikroorganisme</a> ble identifisert som årsak til en kronisk sykdom, og annen gang for en sykdom i det hele tatt. Spedalskhet angriper særlig hud og nerver, infeksjonen kan behandles, men følgetilstandene er kroniske. Man har to hovedformer for sykdom, <a href="/wiki/Tuberkulose" title="Tuberkulose">tuberkuloid</a> form også kalt glatt spedalskhet, og lepromatøs form som også er kalt knutet spedalskhet. </p><p>Flere hundre tusen mennesker får fortsatt sykdommen hvert år, de fleste i <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spedalskhet_i_Norge">Spedalskhet i Norge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Spedalskhet i Norge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Spedalskhet i Norge"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Leprosy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Leprosy.jpg/250px-Leprosy.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Leprosy.jpg/375px-Leprosy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Leprosy.jpg/500px-Leprosy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="1117" /></a><figcaption>En 24 år gammel spedalsk nordmann fra ca. 1886</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Distribution_of_leprosy_around_the_world_Wellcome_L0032805.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Distribution_of_leprosy_around_the_world_Wellcome_L0032805.jpg/250px-Distribution_of_leprosy_around_the_world_Wellcome_L0032805.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Distribution_of_leprosy_around_the_world_Wellcome_L0032805.jpg/375px-Distribution_of_leprosy_around_the_world_Wellcome_L0032805.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Distribution_of_leprosy_around_the_world_Wellcome_L0032805.jpg/500px-Distribution_of_leprosy_around_the_world_Wellcome_L0032805.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4771" data-file-height="3391" /></a><figcaption>Utbredelse av spedalskhet i 1891</figcaption></figure> <p>Den norrøne kortformen for hospital – spital, ga opphavet til navnet på de spedalske. </p><p>Det ble i middelalderen opprettet hospitaler i <a href="/wiki/Trondheim" title="Trondheim">Trondheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B8nsberg" title="Tønsberg">Tønsberg</a> og <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, der langt fremadskredne spedalske var pasienter. <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Lagab%C3%B8te" title="Magnus Lagabøte">Magnus Lagabøte</a> opprettet to hospitaler i Bergen i 1266-1276, særlig med spedalske som målgruppe. I 1339 ble presten Bjarne i Kvåle <a href="/wiki/Sogn" class="mw-disambig" title="Sogn">sogn</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sogndal" title="Sogndal">Sogndal</a> avsatt, fordi han var blitt spedalsk.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>På få andre områder har norsk medisinsk forskning vunnet så stor internasjonal anerkjennelse som forskningen til <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cornelius_Danielssen" title="Daniel Cornelius Danielssen">Daniel Cornelius Danielssen</a> (1815–1894) og hans assistent <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Boeck" title="Carl Wilhelm Boeck">Carl Wilhelm Boeck</a> (1808–1875). De ga i 1847 ut et omfattende verk, <i>Om Spedalskhed</i>, som særlig tok for seg arvelighet og spedalskhet. Boeck og Danielsen mente at spedalskhet var arvelig, fordi sykdommen ofte opptrådte innenfor bestemte familier og avgrensede geografiske områder. Dessuten forsøkte de å smitte seg selv, uten resultat.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De var de første som delte spedalskheten i to kategorier, som i hovedsak brukes også i dag. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Henrik_Armauer_Hansen" title="Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen">Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen</a> (1841–1912) mente at arvelighetsteorien ikke holdt mål. Hans grundige arbeid for å motvise arveligheten som årsak og hans overbevisning om at dette var en smittsom sykdom, sammen med tilgjengelighet av bedre optisk kvalitet på <a href="/wiki/Mikroskoper" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikroskoper">mikroskoper</a> ledet frem til hans oppdagelse av lepra-bakterien, og påvisningen av at den var årsaken til sykdommen. Studiene knyttet til <a href="/wiki/Lepramuseet" title="Lepramuseet">St.Jørgens hospital</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lungeg%C3%A5rdshospitalet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lungegårdshospitalet (ikke skrevet ennå)">Lungegårdshospitalet</a> og <a href="/wiki/Pleiestiftelsen_for_spedalske_nr.1" title="Pleiestiftelsen for spedalske nr.1">Pleiestiftelsen for spedalske nr.1</a> gjorde <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a> til et internasjonalt senter for lepraforskningen.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia">Skandinavia</a> og <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a> var fra slutten av 1600-tallet sammen med <a href="/wiki/Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberia">Iberiahalvøya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hellas" title="Hellas">Hellas</a> og <a href="/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan">Balkan</a> de eneste landene i Europa som var hardt rammet av lepra.<sup id="cite_ref-Carole_Rawcliffe_2006_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carole_Rawcliffe_2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En oppblomstring av spedalskhet rammet rundt 1830 særlig kystområdene i Norge, og Vestlandet spesielt. Det bidro til behovet for forskning og tiltak mot sykdommen. I 1854 ble det opprettet en egen overlegestilling for lepra, og i 1856 ble verdens første landsomfattende pasientregister opprettet, der man registrerte alle spedalske i landet. I <a href="/wiki/Nord-Tr%C3%B8ndelag" title="Nord-Trøndelag">Nord-Trøndelag</a> ble det registrert 685 leprapasienter fra registeringen begynte i 1856 og fram til 1890-årene. Flest smittede fantes det i kystdistriktene i Ytre Namdalen (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A6r%C3%B8y" title="Nærøy">Nærøy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosnes" title="Fosnes">Fosnes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolvereid" title="Kolvereid">Kolvereid</a> og <a href="/wiki/Leka" title="Leka">Leka</a>) og i de bygdene i indre Trondheimsfjorden som på samme måte var basert på sjøfart: <a href="/wiki/Frosta" title="Frosta">Frosta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inder%C3%B8y" title="Inderøy">Inderøy</a> og <a href="/wiki/Beitstad" title="Beitstad">Beitstad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Som vitenskapelig kilde til kunnskap om utbredelse og årsak til sykdom var registeret en betydelig nyvinning. Siste leprapasient i Norge var en 78 år gammel kvinne som døde 2. juli 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utbredelse_i_verden">Utbredelse i verden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Utbredelse i verden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Utbredelse i verden"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Lepra_2003.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lepra_2003.png/250px-Lepra_2003.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lepra_2003.png/375px-Lepra_2003.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lepra_2003.png/500px-Lepra_2003.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Antall tilfeller av spedalskhet per 100 000 innbyggere i 2003. Kartet blir større ved å klikke på det.</figcaption></figure> <p>På <a href="/wiki/1990-%C3%A5rene" title="1990-årene">1990-tallet</a> var forekomsten av spedalske som til enhver tid er i aktiv behandling på verdensbasis redusert fra 10–12 <a href="/wiki/Million" title="Million">millioner</a> registrerte til 600 000 i <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>, og ytterligere redusert til 460 000 ifølge de siste tall fra <a href="/wiki/Verdens_helseorganisasjon" title="Verdens helseorganisasjon">Verdens helseorganisasjon</a>. Dette på grunn av mer effektiv kombinasjonsterapi og kortere terapivarighet. Årlig deteksjonsrate var 700 000 nye pasienter/år, men er stadig synkende. I 2015 var det redusert til 211 973 nye tilfeller.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2–3 millioner pasienter lever med permanent <a href="/wiki/Nervesystem" title="Nervesystem">nerveskade</a> på grunn av spedalskhet. </p><p>Spedalskhet er vidt forekommende i tropiske og varmt tempererte land, og 1,3 <a href="/wiki/Milliard" title="Milliard">milliarder</a> mennesker lever i regioner med aktiv overføring av <i>Mycobacterium leprae</i>. I 2000 var det 15 land som kan kalles <a href="/wiki/Endemisk_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemisk art">endemiske</a>, dvs. med en forekomst på over 1/10 000. <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> har 64 % av alle registrerte tilfeller. I synkende rekkefølge kommer så <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> og <a href="/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik">Mosambik</a>. De nevnte land utgjør 83 % av registrerte tilfeller. Utdeling av gratis medisiner og aktiv <a href="/wiki/Smittevern" title="Smittevern">smittevernpolitikk</a> blant annet i Brasil er i ferd med å endre dette bildet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sykdommen">Sykdommen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Sykdommen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sykdommen"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Smitteveier">Smitteveier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Smitteveier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Smitteveier"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Mycobacterium leprae</i> smitter ved dråpesmitte fra pasienter, særlig de med <i>lepromatøs</i> spedalskhet, nesesekret som inhaleres. Fra slimhinnen i luftveiene sprer bakterien seg til <a href="/wiki/Hud" title="Hud">hud</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perifere_nerver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perifere nerver (ikke skrevet ennå)">perifere nerver</a>. Bakterien er påvist hos <a href="/wiki/Beltedyr" title="Beltedyr">beltedyr</a> og <a href="/wiki/Primater" title="Primater">primater</a>, men overføring fra dyr til menneske bidrar ikke til forekomsten hos mennesker. Viktigste risikofaktor er tettboddhet og vedvarende samvær med smittede personer, men sykdommen er lite smittsom. <a href="/wiki/Inkubasjonstid" title="Inkubasjonstid">Inkubasjonstiden</a> varier fra måneder til opptil 30 år, og som sykdommens presentasjonsmåte er avhengig av genetiske faktorer og rase. <a href="/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus">Kaukasiere</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">kinesere</a> har størst risiko for å få lepromatøs spedalskhet. <a href="/wiki/Vevstypeantigen" title="Vevstypeantigen">Vevstypeantigen</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Leucocyte_Antigen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human Leucocyte Antigen (ikke skrevet ennå)">HLA</a>-DR2 og DR3 er assosiert med <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuberkel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuberkel (ikke skrevet ennå)">tuberkuloid</a> spedalskhet</i>, som betyr at den ligner på <a href="/wiki/Granulom" title="Granulom">granulomet</a> som man kjenner fra <a href="/wiki/Tuberkulose" title="Tuberkulose">tuberkulose</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sykdomsutvikling_og_sykdomsmekanisme">Sykdomsutvikling og sykdomsmekanisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Sykdomsutvikling og sykdomsmekanisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sykdomsutvikling og sykdomsmekanisme"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Mycobacterium leprae</i> kan ikke dyrkes i laboratorieskåler, men er i stand til begrenset formering i fotsålen hos mus, med en doblingstid på 11-13 dager, og dette har gjort det mulig å foreta undersøkelser på antibiotikas effektivitet. Bakterien er en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obligat_(biologi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obligat (biologi) (ikke skrevet ennå)">obligat</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intracellul%C3%A6r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intracellulær (ikke skrevet ennå)">intracellulær</a> <a href="/wiki/Parasittisme" title="Parasittisme">parasitt</a> som foretrekker å vokse i <a href="/wiki/Makrofager" title="Makrofager">makrofager</a> og nervers støtteceller, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwannske_celler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwannske celler (ikke skrevet ennå)">Schwannske celler</a>. Evnen til å infisere Schwannske celler er unikt for denne bakterien. </p><p>Bakterien i seg selv gjør svært lite, det er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Immunrespons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immunrespons (ikke skrevet ennå)">immunresponsen</a> hos verten som er ansvarlig for de mange <a href="/wiki/Klinisk" title="Klinisk">kliniske</a> presentasjoner sykdommen har. </p><p>Avhengig av i hvor stor grad den <a href="/wiki/Immunologi" title="Immunologi">immunologiske</a> responsen er mest <a href="/wiki/Celle-mediert_immunitet" title="Celle-mediert immunitet">celle-mediert</a> eller mest <a href="/wiki/Antistoff" title="Antistoff">antistoff</a>-dominert, får man et spekter fra tuberkuloid spedalskhet, grense-tuberkuloid til lepromatøs spedalskhet. Og med variasjoner i immunresponsen får man <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erythema_nodosum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erythema nodosum (ikke skrevet ennå)">erythema nodosum</a> spedalskhet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klinisk_presentasjon">Klinisk presentasjon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Klinisk presentasjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Klinisk presentasjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Leprosy_Cranium.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Leprosy_Cranium.JPG/250px-Leprosy_Cranium.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Leprosy_Cranium.JPG/375px-Leprosy_Cranium.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Leprosy_Cranium.JPG/500px-Leprosy_Cranium.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Kraniet fra en spedalsk person fra <a href="/wiki/Ribe" title="Ribe">Ribe</a> i Danmark, med skader på øyehuler, neseben, kjeve og hake</figcaption></figure> <p>Lepromatøs spedalskhet er når <a href="/wiki/Immunforsvar" title="Immunforsvar">immunforsvaret</a> ikke har en spesifikk cellulær respons mot <i>mycobacterium leprae</i>, og dette medfører at <a href="/wiki/Bakterier" title="Bakterier">bakterien</a> formerer seg ukontrollert i hud og <a href="/wiki/Nervesystem" title="Nervesystem">nerver</a>. Det er en systemisk sykdom, der bakteriene spres med blodet i kroppen. Bakterien som vokser i vevene, fører gradvis til vevsskade i de involverte organer. I <a href="/wiki/Nese" title="Nese">nesen</a> ødelegges <a href="/wiki/Brusk" title="Brusk">brusken</a>, og nesen kan falle sammen og bli salformet, <a href="/wiki/Strupe" title="Strupe">strupen</a> kan falle sammen og gi heshet og pusteproblemer. <a href="/wiki/Betennelse" title="Betennelse">Betennelse</a> i <a href="/wiki/Finger" title="Finger">fingre</a> og <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A5" title="Tå">tær</a> sammen med traumer og beinbetennelse fører til at <a href="/wiki/Finger" title="Finger">fingre</a> og <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A5" title="Tå">tær</a> svinner hen og faller av. </p><p>Tuberkuloid spedalskhet er når immunforsvaret begrenser infeksjonen til noen avgrensede nervebunter og hudområder gjennom å danne et granulom. Det affiserte hudområdet er fortykket, asymmetrisk med klart avgrenset kant. Midt i området er det mindre <a href="/wiki/Fargestoff" title="Fargestoff">pigment</a>, og huden er følelsesløs. </p><p>Grensetilfellet tuberkuloid spedalskhet er den vanligste formen for spedalskhet. Hudskadene er flere og mindre klart avgrenset. Flere nerver er affisert og pasientene kan presentere med muskelsvakhet og skader på grunn av manglende følelse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diagnostikk">Diagnostikk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Diagnostikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Diagnostikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Påvisning av en karakteristisk hudflekk med sansetap. Fortykkelse av nerver. Påvisning av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrefaste_stavbakterier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrefaste stavbakterier (ikke skrevet ennå)">syrefaste stavbakterier</a> i huden. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Leprosy_hand_affected_fourth_digit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hudlesjoner i fjerde finger."><img alt="Hudlesjoner i fjerde finger." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Leprosy_hand_affected_fourth_digit.jpg/120px-Leprosy_hand_affected_fourth_digit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Leprosy_hand_affected_fourth_digit.jpg/180px-Leprosy_hand_affected_fourth_digit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Leprosy_hand_affected_fourth_digit.jpg/240px-Leprosy_hand_affected_fourth_digit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hudlesjoner i fjerde finger.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Leprosy_thigh_demarcated_cutaneous_lesions.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Velavgrensede lesjoner i hud på låret."><img alt="Velavgrensede lesjoner i hud på låret." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Leprosy_thigh_demarcated_cutaneous_lesions.jpg/120px-Leprosy_thigh_demarcated_cutaneous_lesions.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Leprosy_thigh_demarcated_cutaneous_lesions.jpg/180px-Leprosy_thigh_demarcated_cutaneous_lesions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Leprosy_thigh_demarcated_cutaneous_lesions.jpg/240px-Leprosy_thigh_demarcated_cutaneous_lesions.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3755" data-file-height="2463" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Velavgrensede lesjoner i hud på låret.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:M_leprae_ziehl_nielsen2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ziehl-Nielsen farget preparat av Mycobacterium leprae"><img alt="Ziehl-Nielsen farget preparat av Mycobacterium leprae" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/M_leprae_ziehl_nielsen2.jpg/120px-M_leprae_ziehl_nielsen2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/M_leprae_ziehl_nielsen2.jpg/180px-M_leprae_ziehl_nielsen2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/M_leprae_ziehl_nielsen2.jpg/240px-M_leprae_ziehl_nielsen2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3855" data-file-height="2530" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziehl-Nielsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziehl-Nielsen (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ziehl-Nielsen</a> farget preparat av Mycobacterium <i>leprae</i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Behandling">Behandling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Behandling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Behandling"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moderne behandling består av langvarig kombinasjonsbehandling med følgende medikamenter: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dapson" title="Dapson">Dapson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">Rifampicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clofazimin" title="Clofazimin">Clofazimin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetikk">Genetikk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Genetikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Genetikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flere <a href="/wiki/Gener" class="mw-redirect" title="Gener">gener</a> er forbundet med en mottakelighet for spedalskhet. Det antas at rundt 95 % av mennesker er naturlig immune. Nyere forskning tyder på at det er en feil i <a href="/wiki/Celle-mediert_immunitet" title="Celle-mediert immunitet">celle-mediert immunitet</a> som medfører mottakelighet for spedalskhet. <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>-regionen ansvarlig for denne variasjonen er også involvert i <a href="/wiki/Parkinsons_sykdom" title="Parkinsons sykdom">Parkinsons sykdom</a>, som gir opphavet til spekulasjoner om at de to lidelser kan bli koblet på noen måte <a href="/wiki/Biokjemi" title="Biokjemi">biokjemiske</a>. Det er likevel ikke noen endelige konklusjoner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historikk">Historikk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Leprosy_bell.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Leprosy_bell.JPG/250px-Leprosy_bell.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Leprosy_bell.JPG/375px-Leprosy_bell.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Leprosy_bell.JPG/500px-Leprosy_bell.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Spedalske er ofte avbildet med en bjelle eller rangle. De ble brukt når de spedalske tigget og ville tiltrekke seg oppmerksomhet.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Sykdommen var fryktet i flere tusen år, og kjent fra den tidligste <a href="/wiki/Oldtid" class="mw-disambig" title="Oldtid">oldtid</a>. Spedalskhet er omtalt i den indiske <a href="/wiki/Veda-samlingene" class="mw-redirect" title="Veda-samlingene">veda</a>-diktning samlet ca. 3500 <a href="/wiki/%C3%85r" title="År">år</a> f.Kr.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> I <a href="/wiki/Tredje_Mosebok" title="Tredje Mosebok">3. Mosebok</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> er det utførlige beskrivelser om hvordan <a href="/wiki/Prest" title="Prest">prester</a> skal forholde seg til <a href="/wiki/Hud" title="Hud">hudsyke</a>. Det er likevel ulike oppfatninger om det var spedalske eller om det var andre sykdommer. Betegnelsen «spedalsk» inkluderte sannsynligvis en rekke ikke-smittsomme hudsykdommer som <a href="/wiki/Eksem" class="mw-disambig" title="Eksem">eksem</a> og <a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">psoriasis</a>, og andre smittsomme sykdommer som <a href="/wiki/Kopper_(sykdom)" title="Kopper (sykdom)">kopper</a> og sekundær <a href="/wiki/Syfilis" title="Syfilis">syfilis</a>. Dette er viktig å vite med hensyn til historiske tekster og omtale, siden det som i dag er spedalskhet, Hansens sykdom, som er en infeksjon med <i>mycobacterium leprae</i>, ikke nødvendigvis var den samme som den spedalskhet i vedaene eller Bibelen. </p><p>Sykdommen kan ha blitt brakt til <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> med <a href="/wiki/Romerske" class="mw-redirect" title="Romerske">romerske</a> <a href="/wiki/Romersk_legion" title="Romersk legion">legioner</a> fra om lag år 62 f.Kr <sup id="cite_ref-Carole_Rawcliffe_2006_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carole_Rawcliffe_2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det første kjente tilfellet i <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> er fra en kirkegård i <a href="/wiki/Dorchester" class="mw-disambig" title="Dorchester">Dorchester</a> fra 300-tallet og i <a href="/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia">Skandinavia</a> i en middelalderkirkegård i <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A6stved" title="Næstved">Næstved</a> i <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Særlig utbredt ble sykdommen i <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> etter <a href="/wiki/Korstog" title="Korstog">korstogene</a>, og i <a href="/wiki/Middelalderen" title="Middelalderen">middelalderen</a> ble det opprettet en rekke allmissehus, <a href="/wiki/Sykehus" title="Sykehus">hospitaler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lasarett" title="Lasarett">lasaretter</a> og <i><a href="/wiki/Leprosarium" title="Leprosarium">leprosarier</a></i> for spedalske. Det var i nesten alle tilfeller <a href="/wiki/Stiftelse" title="Stiftelse">stiftelser</a> med utgangspunkt i <a href="/wiki/Den_katolske_kirke" title="Den katolske kirke">Den katolske kirke</a> som drev sykehusene. Mange <a href="/wiki/Munk" title="Munk">munker</a> og <a href="/wiki/Nonne" title="Nonne">nonner</a> følte et spesielt kall til å hjelpe de spedalske, til tross for at de utsatte seg selv for <a href="/wiki/Smitte" title="Smitte">smittefare</a>. Finansieringen kom i mange tilfeller fra konger, lokale <a href="/wiki/Adel" title="Adel">adelsmenn</a> eller geistlige institusjoner. Mange var også basert på almisser. Dette vedvarte også etter middelalderen. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/1225" title="1225">1225</a> var det opptil 19 000  leprosarier i Europa.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Father_Damien,_photograph_by_William_Brigham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Father_Damien%2C_photograph_by_William_Brigham.jpg/250px-Father_Damien%2C_photograph_by_William_Brigham.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Father_Damien%2C_photograph_by_William_Brigham.jpg/375px-Father_Damien%2C_photograph_by_William_Brigham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Father_Damien%2C_photograph_by_William_Brigham.jpg/500px-Father_Damien%2C_photograph_by_William_Brigham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="1468" /></a><figcaption>Damian de Veuster som stelte spedalske og selv fikk sykdommen<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>På 1100-tallet oppstod flere ordener i <a href="/wiki/Det_hellige_land" title="Det hellige land">Det hellige land</a>, og den mest forunderlige var kanskje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sankt_Lasarus-ordenen_av_Jerusalem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sankt Lasarus-ordenen av Jerusalem (ikke skrevet ennå)">Sankt Lasarus-ordenen av Jerusalem</a>, som først og fremst tok opp spedalske. I krigene dro spedalske riddere i kamp på like fot med riddere fra andre ordener.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sykdommen fikk i Europa sin største utbredelse på <a href="/wiki/13._%C3%A5rhundre" title="13. århundre">1200-tallet</a>.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> På 1500 - og 1600-tallet minket antallet syke og på 1700-tallet hadde sykdommen mindre betydning i Europa.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> Dette henger sannsynligvis sammen med at syke ble isolert, og at de var særlig utsatt for andre smittsomme sykdommer. </p><p>I middelalderen var de diagnostiske kategorier brede, og sykdom ble forbundet med mye <a href="/wiki/Folketro" title="Folketro">overtro</a>. En <a href="/wiki/Massakre" title="Massakre">massakre</a> på spedalske forekom i ett tilfelle i Frankrike i 1321.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Årsaksforklaringer for spedalskhet som var utbredt i Europa var:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>innen kristendommen som Guds straff for individuell <a href="/wiki/Synd" title="Synd">synd</a>. Spedalskhet kunne likevel ramme både <a href="/wiki/Helgen" title="Helgen">helgener</a> og syndere. Kollektiv gudestraff ble gitt på annen måte.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrologisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrologisk">astrologisk</a> som barn av <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>,</li> <li>med grunnlag i <a href="/wiki/Antikken" title="Antikken">antikkens</a> legekunst som ubalanse i kroppen mellom <a href="/wiki/Elementene" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementene">elementene</a> og spedalskhet spesielt vann,</li> <li>syk luft, siden de syke ga fra seg en speisiell lukt,</li> <li>infeksjoner i sår,</li> <li>seksuell overførbar sykdom,</li> <li>arvelig sykdom - hele familier var ofte syke,</li></ul> <p>Det var mange som laget sine egne kriterier for om en pasient skulle få diagnosen spedalsk. <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslimske</a> leger var tidlig ute med å beskrive sykdommen, og deres verker ble også brukt i Europa. <a href="/wiki/Gilbertus_Anglicus" title="Gilbertus Anglicus">Gilbertus Anglicus</a> (<a href="/wiki/1180" title="1180">1180</a>–<a href="/wiki/1250" title="1250">1250</a>) var den første til å foreslå at spedalskhet var en smittsom sykdom i sitt verk <i>Compendium Medicinae</i> om lag år 1240.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Behandlingen av de spedalske var svært avhengig av hva den som behandlet sykdommen oppfattet som årsaken. Noen av metodene var: </p> <ul><li>Siden det var organisasjoner i tilkytning til den katolske kirke som drev de fleste sykehusene, var det bønn og syndsforlatelse ofte de viktigste behandlingsformene.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilegrim" title="Pilegrim">Pilegrimsvandringer</a>.</li> <li>Bading var anerkjent som en måte å lindre på. Det ga også assosiasjoner til renselser beskrevet i Bibelen. Det ble også brukt sammen med skrubbing av kroppen.</li> <li>Årelating for å rense blodet.</li> <li>Utskifting av blodet.</li> <li>Bruk av mineraler, dersom sykdommen var knyttet mot Jupiter.</li> <li>Flytting fra tettsteder til steder med god luft.</li> <li>Bedre humøret ved ulike tiltak som musikk og underholdning.</li> <li>Urteblandinger</li></ul> <p>I praksis hadde ikke tiltakene noen særlig effekt, men mange utnyttet de spedalske for å skaffe seg inntekter. </p><p>Spedalske blir fortsatt <a href="/wiki/Stigmatisering" title="Stigmatisering">stigmatisert</a>, og det finnes fortsatt leprosarier. En opptelling fra <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a> viste at det i katolsk regi ble drevet 793 leprosarier rundt om i verden.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> Blant kjente personer som har arbeidet for spedalske, er <a href="/wiki/Damian_de_Veuster" title="Damian de Veuster">Damian de Veuster</a> (død 1889), som drev et sykehus på <a href="/wiki/Molokai" title="Molokai">Molokai</a> og <a href="/wiki/Moder_Teresa" title="Moder Teresa">Moder Teresa</a> og hennes <a href="/wiki/Kongregasjon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongregasjon">kongregasjon</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nestekj%C3%A6rlighetens_s%C3%B8stre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nestekjærlighetens søstre (ikke skrevet ennå)">Nestekjærlighetens søstre</a></i> i <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. I dag har <a href="/wiki/Verdens_helseorganisasjon" title="Verdens helseorganisasjon">Verdens helseorganisasjon</a> (WHO) programmer for bekjempelsen av spedalskhet, og gratis utdeling av <a href="/wiki/Medisin" title="Medisin">medisin</a> i de endemiske områdene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-6a25eeddbaf5d49fc4cbb053c46c837c2ae40581-v2-1"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-6a25eeddbaf5d49fc4cbb053c46c837c2ae40581-v2_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-6a25eeddbaf5d49fc4cbb053c46c837c2ae40581-v2_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> (på cs, sk) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikiskripta.eu"><i>WikiSkripta</i></a>, <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1804-6517">1804-6517</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9049250" class="extiw" title="d:Q9049250">Q9049250</a><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wikiskripta.eu">https://www.wikiskripta.eu</a></span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WikiSkripta&rft.issn=1804-6517&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikiskripta.eu&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Spedalskhet"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-03b6c4e23b91083a818a1ffdf18d56e64e31e5c3-v2-2"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-03b6c4e23b91083a818a1ffdf18d56e64e31e5c3-v2_2-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-03b6c4e23b91083a818a1ffdf18d56e64e31e5c3-v2_2-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs101/en/">http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs101/en/</a>; besøksdato: 9. august 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dokpro.uio.no/perl/middelalder/regest_vise_tekst.prl?b=4848&s=n&str=spedalsk."><i>Regesta Norvegica</i>, bind 5 nr 229</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forskning.no/artikler/2007/oktober/overgrep_i_vitenskapens_navn">Kim E. Andreassen: «Overgrep i vitenskapens navn»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130429124248/http://www.forskning.no/artikler/2007/oktober/overgrep_i_vitenskapens_navn">Arkivert</a> 2013-04-29, hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., 2007, Forskning.no</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bård Siem (11. april 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrk.no/sognogfjordane/xl/sjukdomen-som-seigpinte-folk-til-dode-1.13426009">«Sjukdomen som seigpinte folk til døde»</a>. NRK<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 11. april 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ASpedalskhet&rft.btitle=Sjukdomen+som+seigpinte+folk+til+d%C3%B8de&rft.date=2017-04-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NRK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fsognogfjordane%2Fxl%2Fsjukdomen-som-seigpinte-folk-til-dode-1.13426009&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carole_Rawcliffe_2006-6"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Carole_Rawcliffe_2006_6-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carole_Rawcliffe_2006_6-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Carole Rawcliffe: Leprosy in medival England, The Boydell press, 2006, side 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Svein Kvistad «Lepra i Nordre Trondhjems Amt på 1800-tallet». <i>Årbok for Nord-Trøndelag 2016</i>, side 43-48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who.int/lep/epidemiology/en/">«Epidemiology»</a>. World Health Organization (WHO)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 11. april 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ASpedalskhet&rft.btitle=Epidemiology&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization+%28WHO%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Flep%2Fepidemiology%2Fen%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Carole Rawcliffe: Leprosy in medival England, The Boydell press, 2006, side 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tredje Mosebok kapittel 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Carole Rawcliffe: Leprosy in medival England, The Boydell press, 2006, side 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Det også kan være at han led av <a href="/wiki/Syfilis" title="Syfilis">syfilis</a> og ikke spedalskhet, jamfør Carole Rawcliffe: Leprosy in medival England, The Boydell press, 2006, side 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Kurt Villads Jensen: <i>Korstogene</i> (s. 48), forlaget Cappelen, Oslo 2006, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8202263212" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 82-0226321-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Marcombe David: Lepper knights, The order of St Lazarus of Jerusalem in England, c 1150-1544, Wordbridge, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Carole Rawcliffe: Leprosy in medival England, The Boydell press, 2006, side 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Carole Rawcliffe: Leprosy in medival England, The Boydell press, 2006, side 44ff.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Medisinens historie</i>, Roberto Margotta (1996) <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8290723490" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 82-90723-49-0</a></li> <li>"Witchcraft and Leprosy: Two Strategies of Exclusion", Mary Douglas, <i>Man</i>, New Series, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Dec., 1991), pp. 723-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2803778">736</a></li> <li><i>Infectious diseases</i> (2004) <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0323024076" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-323-02407-6</a></li> <li>Godøy, Bjørn: <i>Ti tusen skygger, En historie om Norge og de spedalske</i>, Partacus, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9788243006126" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9788243006126</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spedalskhet&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sml.snl.no/lepra">«Lepra»</a>, fra <i>Store medisinske leksikon</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311063904/http://digitalarkivet.uib.no/cgi-win/webmeny.exe?slag=visside&kat=lepra&n1=1&dok=intro.htm">Lepraarkivene i Bergen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041121165903/http://www.digitalarkivet.uib.no/sab/bergensposten2/underet.htm">«Underet i Bergen byrett»</a>, artikkel om rettssaken mot <a href="/wiki/Armauer_Hansen" class="mw-redirect" title="Armauer Hansen">Armauer Hansen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who.int/lep/">WHOs lepraside</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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