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cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Търсене в Уикипедия" aria-label="Търсене в Уикипедия" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специални:Търсене"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Търсене</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични инструменти"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-История" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#История"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>История</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-История-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел История</span> </button> <ul id="toc-История-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Създаване_на_езика" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Създаване_на_езика"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Създаване на езика</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Създаване_на_езика-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Първи_опити_за_официално_използване" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Първи_опити_за_официално_използване"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Първи опити за официално използване</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Първи_опити_за_официално_използване-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Отношение_на_тоталитарните_режими" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Отношение_на_тоталитарните_режими"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Отношение на тоталитарните режими</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Отношение_на_тоталитарните_режими-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Лингвистични_характеристики" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Лингвистични_характеристики"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Лингвистични характеристики</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Лингвистични_характеристики-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Лингвистични характеристики</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Лингвистични_характеристики-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Класификация" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Класификация"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Класификация</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Класификация-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Фонология" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Фонология"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Фонология</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Фонология-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Съгласни_звукове" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Съгласни_звукове"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Съгласни звукове</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Съгласни_звукове-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Гласни_звукове" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гласни_звукове"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Гласни звукове</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гласни_звукове-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Граматика" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Граматика"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Граматика</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Граматика-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Речник" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Речник"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Речник</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Речник-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Изрази" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Изрази"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Изрази</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Изрази-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Култура" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Култура"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Култура</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Култура-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Други" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Други"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Други</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Други-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Бележки" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Бележки"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Бележки</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Бележки-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Източници" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Източници"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Източници</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Източници-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Външни_препратки" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Външни_препратки"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Външни препратки</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Външни_препратки-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Есперанто</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 212 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-212" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">212 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – абхазки" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="абхазки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Ӏэспэранто – адигейски" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Ӏэспэранто" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="адигейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – швейцарски немски" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарски немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – южноалтайски" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="южноалтайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%B5%E1%8D%94%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B6" title="ኤስፔራንቶ – амхарски" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤስፔራንቶ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – арагонски" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – староанглийски" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="староанглийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरान्तो – ангика" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="एस्पेरान्तो" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="إسبرانتو – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسبرانتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88" title="إسپيرانطو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إسپيرانطو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسبرانتو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسبرانتو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantu" title="Esperantu – астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Esperantu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantoava" title="Esperantoava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Esperantoava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispirantu_aru" title="Ispirantu aru – аймара" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ispirantu aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="ایسپرانتو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – башкирски" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Эсперанта – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эсперанта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Эспэранта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эспэранта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Sep%C3%A8ranto" title="Basa Sepèranto – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Sepèranto" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – бамбара" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="бамбара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B" title="এসপেরান্তো – бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এসপেরান্তো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanteg" title="Esperanteg – бретонски" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Esperanteg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – босненски" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босненски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A9-g%C3%A1i-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Sié-gái-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sié-gái-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – чеченски" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – себуански" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%86" title="ئێسپێرانتۆ – кюрдски (централен)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێسپێرانتۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="кюрдски (централен)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_tili" title="Esperanto tili – кримскотатарски" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Esperanto tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="кримскотатарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – кашубски" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="кашубски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Єспєранто – църковнославянски" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Єспєранто" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="църковнославянски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – уелски" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уелски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – долнолужишки" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="долнолужишки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Εσπεράντο – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εσπεράντο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esper%C3%A0nt" title="Esperànt – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Esperànt" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Добра статия"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپرانتو – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – фула" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="фула" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_kiil" title="Esperanto kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Esperanto kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – фарьорски" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарьорски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A9ranto" title="Espéranto – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Espéranto" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88speranto" title="Èsperanto – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Èsperanto" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – северен фризийски" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северен фризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – западнофризийски" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – ирландски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – шотландски келтски" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландски келтски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍄𐍉 – готически" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍄𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="готически" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Ekepel%C4%81nako" title="ʻŌlelo Ekepelānako – хавайски" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Ekepelānako" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="хавайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95" title="אספרנטו – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אספרנטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरांतो – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एस्पेरांतो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – горнолужишки" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="горнолужишки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – хаитянски креолски" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="хаитянски креолски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Добра статия"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eszperant%C3%B3_nyelv" title="Eszperantó nyelv – унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Eszperantó nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8" title="Էսպերանտո – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էսպերանտո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Esperanto" title="Bahasa Esperanto – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – оксидентал" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="оксидентал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isipirantu_uqautchiq" title="Isipirantu uqautchiq – инупиак" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Isipirantu uqautchiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="инупиак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" title="エスペラント – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エスペラント" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/esperantos" title="esperantos – ложбан" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="esperantos" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_%C3%89sp%C3%A9ranto" title="Basa Éspéranto – явански" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Éspéranto" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="явански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="ესპერანტო – грузински" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესპერანტო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_tili" title="Esperanto tili – каракалпашки" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Esperanto tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="каракалпашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es%C9%A9perant%C9%94_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Esɩperantɔ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Esɩperantɔ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Esperanto" title="Bahasa Esperanto – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – кикую" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="кикую" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – гренландски" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="гренландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8A" title="ಎಸ್ಪೆರಾಂಟೊ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಸ್ಪೆರಾಂಟೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0" title="에스페란토 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에스페란토" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – кьолнски" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="кьолнски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_esperanto" title="Zimanê esperanto – кюрдски" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="кюрдски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Эсперанто (кыв) – коми" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Эсперанто (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="коми" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantek" title="Esperantek – корнуолски" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Esperantek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнуолски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – киргизки" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Esperantica" title="Lingua Esperantica – латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Esperantica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – ладино" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладино" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – люксембургски" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – лезгински" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезгински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – лимбургски" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esper%C3%A0nto" title="Esperànto – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Esperànto" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_esperanto" title="Lengua esperanto – ломбардски" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua esperanto" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ломбардски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisipelanto" title="Lisipelanto – лингала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lisipelanto" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Эсперанто кяль – мокша" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Эсперанто кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокша" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_esperant%C3%B4" title="Fiteny esperantô – малгашки" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny esperantô" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малгашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Esperanto" title="Bahaso Esperanto – минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B" title="എസ്പെരാന്തോ – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എസ്പെരാന്തോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – монголски" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A3_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯟꯇꯣ ꯂꯣꯟ – манипурски" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯟꯇꯣ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="манипурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरांतो – марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एस्पेरांतो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Esperanto" title="Bahasa Esperanto – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – малтийски" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="малтийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speranto" title="Speranto – мирандийски" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Speranto" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အက်စပါရန်တိုဘာသာစကား – бирмански" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက်စပါရန်တိုဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирмански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – ерзиа" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ерзиа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپرانتو – мазандерански" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандерански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – долнонемски" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="долнонемски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – долносаксонски" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="долносаксонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरान्तो – непалски" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एस्पेरान्तो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्परान्तो – неварски" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एस्परान्तो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – норвежки (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежки (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A9raunto" title="Espéraunto – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Espéraunto" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – осетински" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B" title="ਐੱਸਪੇਰਾਂਤੋ – пенджабски" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐੱਸਪੇਰਾਂਤੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – папиаменто" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папиаменто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89sp%C3%A9ranto" title="Éspéranto – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Éspéranto" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_esperanto" title="Lenga esperanto – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga esperanto" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپرانتو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%90%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="اېسپرانتو ژبه – пущу" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اېسپرانتو ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пущу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispirantu_simi" title="Ispirantu simi – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ispirantu simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – реторомански" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="реторомански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiseperanto" title="Kiseperanto – рунди" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Kiseperanto" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="рунди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icyesiperanto" title="Icyesiperanto – киняруанда" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Icyesiperanto" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="киняруанда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरान्तो – санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="एस्पेरान्तो" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B3" title="ᱮᱥᱯᱮᱨᱟᱱᱛᱳ – сантали" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱥᱯᱮᱨᱟᱱᱛᱳ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="сантали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – сардински" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_esperantu" title="Lingua esperantu – сицилиански" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua esperantu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – шотландски" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantogiella" title="Esperantogiella – северносаамски" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Esperantogiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="северносаамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%9C" title="එස්පෙරාන්තො – синхалски" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එස්පෙරාන්තො" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esberanto" title="Esberanto – сомалийски" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Esberanto" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомалийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_esperanto" title="Gjuha esperanto – албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha esperanto" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AD-Speranto" title="Sí-Speranto – свати" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Sí-Speranto" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="свати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_%C3%89sp%C3%A9ranto" title="Basa Éspéranto – сундански" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Éspéranto" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiesperanto" title="Kiesperanto – суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiesperanto" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B" title="எஸ்பெராண்டோ – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எஸ்பெராண்டோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B" title="ఎస్పరాంటో – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎస్పరాంటో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Забони эсперанто – таджикски" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95" title="ภาษาเอสเปรันโต – тайски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเอสเปรันโต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – ток писин" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ток писин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – татарски" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – удмуртски" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="удмуртски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="ئېسپېرانتو – уйгурски" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېسپېرانتو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپرانتو – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – узбекски" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Quốc tế ngữ – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quốc tế ngữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperant" title="Sperant – волапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sperant" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – валонски" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inesperanto" title="Inesperanto – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inesperanto" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – волоф" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="волоф" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="世界语 – ву китайски" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="世界语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Эсперантин келн – калмик" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Эсперантин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="калмик" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiEsperanto" title="IsiEsperanto – кхоса" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiEsperanto" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="кхоса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="ესპერანტო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ესპერანტო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%90" title="עספעראנטא – идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עספעראנטא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Esperanto" title="Èdè Esperanto – йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – зуанг" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="зуанг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="世界语 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="世界语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="世界語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="世界語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="世界語 – кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="世界語" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isi-Esperanto" title="Isi-Esperanto – зулуски" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isi-Esperanto" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q143#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">български</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Прегледи"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=history" title="Предишни версии на страницата [h]" accesskey="h"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Инструменти" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Инструменти</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Допълнителни опции" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Действия </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=history"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Основни </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Списък на всички страници, сочещи насам [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Какво сочи насам</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" rel="nofollow" title="Последните промени на страници, сочени от тази страница [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Свързани промени</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/MediaWiki:Uploadtext" title="Качи файлове [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Качване на файл</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Списък на всички специални страници [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Специални страници</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&oldid=12223425" title="Постоянна препратка към тази версия на страницата"><span>Постоянна препратка</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=info" title="Повече за тази страница"><span>Информация за страницата</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&page=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&id=12223425&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Информация за начините за цитиране на тази страница"><span>Цитиране на статията</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbg.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2595%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE"><span>Кратък URL адрес</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbg.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2595%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE"><span>Изтегляне на QR код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Отпечатване/изнасяне </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE"><span>Създаване на книга</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=show-download-screen"><span>Изтегляне като PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&printable=yes" title="Версия за печат на страницата [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Версия за печат</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> В други проекти </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Esperanto" hreflang="en"><span>Общомедия</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1576" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q143" title="Препратка към свързания обект от хранилището за данни [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Обект в Уикиданни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12144718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-lua{width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data-only,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-above{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-italic-title{display:none}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;margin:-5px 0;border:0;border-spacing:0 5px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox th.onlysubbox,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td.onlysubbox{padding:0!important}</style><table class="infobox infobox-lua infobox_v2 vcard"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-above title book" style="background-color:#888888; border:1px solid #aaaaaa;">Есперанто<div style="font-size: 76%; font-weight: normal;">Esperanto</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Регион</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Централна Европа">Централна</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Източна Европа">Източна Европа</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай">Китай</a> и др.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Говорещи</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">1000 <small>(като майчин език)</small><br />100 000 <small>(като втори език)</small><sup id="cite_ref-Lindstedt2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindstedt2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Писменост</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Латиница">латиница</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Създател</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84" title="Людвик Заменхоф">Людвик Заменхоф</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Употреба</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Международен спомагателен език (страницата не съществува)">международен спомагателен език</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Основа</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">речник от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Романски езици">романските</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Германски езици">германски езици</a>, граматика от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Славянски езици">славянските езици</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background:#888888; border:1px solid #aaaaaa;">Систематизация по Ethnologue</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only" style="text-align: left;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_expanded_parrent.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="-"><img alt="-" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Tree_expanded_parrent.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Изкуствени езици">Изкуствени</a><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_spacer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="."><img alt="." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Tree_spacer.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_folded_current.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="→"><img alt="→" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Tree_folded_current.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span>Есперанто<br /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background:#888888; border:1px solid #aaaaaa;">Официално положение</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Регулатор</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Академия за есперанто (страницата не съществува)">Академия за есперанто</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background:#888888; border:1px solid #aaaaaa;">Кодове</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">eo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ISO 639-2</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">epo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ISO 639-3</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/epo">epo</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only" style="text-align: left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:PS_mapo_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/PS_mapo_2015.png/250px-PS_mapo_2015.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/PS_mapo_2015.png/375px-PS_mapo_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/PS_mapo_2015.png/500px-PS_mapo_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="579" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only" style="text-align: left;;text-align:center;"><div class="imagemap-inline" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Уикипедия"><img alt="Уикипедия" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/20px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span>  <b><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="eo:">Уикипедия на <span style="text-transform: lowercase;">Есперанто</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background:#888888; border:1px solid #aaaaaa;"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Esperanto" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Esperanto">Есперанто</a></b> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Общомедия">Общомедия</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Еспера̀нто</b> (<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Eo-Esperanto.ogg" title="Файл:Eo-Esperanto.ogg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Eo-Esperanto.ogg" class="internal" title="Eo-Esperanto.ogg"><i>Esperanto</i></a></span></span>) е най-разпространеният <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Изкуствен език">изкуствен</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Международен помощен език">международен спомагателен език</a><sup id="cite_ref-Byram2001464_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byram2001464-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zasky2009_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zasky2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Първоначалното име на езика е <i>Lingvo Internacia</i> („Международен език“)<sup id="cite_ref-Hana_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hana-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, а днешното му наименование идва от <i>Doktoro Esperanto</i> – псевдонимът, под който полският филолог <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84" title="Людвик Заменхоф">Людвик Заменхоф</a> публикува „Първа книга“ („Unua Libro“), първото описание на новия език, издадено през <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a> година. </p><p>Намерението на Заменхоф е да създаде лесен за научаване и политически неутрален език, който да служи като помощно средство в международното общуване, насърчавайки мира и разбирателството между народите. Първият международен есперантистки конгрес се провежда във френския град <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%8E%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Булон сюр Мер">Булон сюр Мер</a> през 1905 година. Той е последван от ежегодни международни конференции и срещи в различни части на света. </p><p>В <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="България">България</a> есперанто се разпространява почти веднага след излизането на „Първа книга“. Още в края на 19 век се появяват първите есперантски дружества, а през 1907 година в <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Велико Търново">Търново</a> е основан <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Български есперантски съюз (страницата не съществува)">Българският есперантски съюз</a>. Негов официален орган е списание „<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Български есперантист">Български есперантист</a>“, което излиза от 1919 година. </p><p>По различни оценки в наши дни броят на говорещите есперанто е между 30 хиляди<sup id="cite_ref-Lindstedt2006_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindstedt2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> и 2 милиона души<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis2009_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, като за около 1000 души езикът е роден<sup id="cite_ref-Lindstedt2006_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindstedt2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Макар че езикът няма официален статут в никоя страна, през 1921 година той е препоръчан от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Френска академия на науките">Френската академия на науките</a>, а през 1954 година с <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Резолюция от Монтевидео (страницата не съществува)">Резолюцията от Монтевидео</a> получава признание от <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО">ЮНЕСКО</a>, която установява официални отношения със <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Световна есперантска асоциация (страницата не съществува)">Световната есперантска асоциация</a><sup id="cite_ref-UEA2008_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UEA2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Есперанто има съществено представяне в над сто страни, като използването му е най-разпространено в <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Европа">Европа</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Източна Азия">Източна Азия</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Южна Америка">Южна Америка</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="История"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>История</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: История" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: История"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Създаване_на_езика"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.8A.D0.B7.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B5_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Създаване на езика</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Създаване на езика" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Създаване на езика"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Unua_libro_per_russi_-_1887_-_1a_edizione_-_copertina_fronte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Unua_libro_per_russi_-_1887_-_1a_edizione_-_copertina_fronte.jpg/220px-Unua_libro_per_russi_-_1887_-_1a_edizione_-_copertina_fronte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Unua_libro_per_russi_-_1887_-_1a_edizione_-_copertina_fronte.jpg/330px-Unua_libro_per_russi_-_1887_-_1a_edizione_-_copertina_fronte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Unua_libro_per_russi_-_1887_-_1a_edizione_-_copertina_fronte.jpg/440px-Unua_libro_per_russi_-_1887_-_1a_edizione_-_copertina_fronte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Първият учебник по есперанто, публикуван във Варшава през 1887 година.</figcaption></figure> <p>Езикът есперанто е създаден в края на 70-те и началото на 80-те години на 19 век от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84" title="Людвик Заменхоф">Людвик Заменхоф</a>, офталмолог и любител филолог от <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Евреи">еврейски</a> произход, жител на град <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бялисток">Бялисток</a>, днес в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Полша">Полша</a>, а по това време част от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Руска империя">Руската империя</a>. Стремежът му е да намали напрежението между хората от различни култури, създавайки неутрално средство за общуване между тях. Според думите му той е мотивиран за това от положението в Бялисток<sup id="cite_ref-Matthias2002_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matthias2002-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <dl><dd><i>Мястото, където съм роден и където прекарах детството си, даде насоката на всички мои по-късни усилия. В Бялисток жителите бяха разделени на четири отделни групи: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Руснаци">руснаци</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Поляци">поляци</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Немци">немци</a> и евреи. Всяка от тях говореше на свой собствен език и гледаше на всички останали като на врагове. В такъв град една чувствителна личност усеща по-остро от другаде нещастията, причинени от езиковото разделение, и вижда на всяка крачка, че разликата в езиците е първата или поне най-важната основа за разделението на човешкото семейство на групи от врагове. Аз бях отгледан като идеалист – бях учен, че всички хора са братя, а вън на улицата – на всяка крачка, че не съществуват хора, а само руснаци, поляци, немци, евреи и така нататък. Това непрекъснато измъчваше детския ми разум, въпреки че мнозина биха се смели на подобна „мъка за света“ у едно дете. Тъй като по това време смятах „големите“ за всесилни, аз често си казвах, че когато порасна, със сигурност ще унищожа това зло.</i></dd></dl> <p>След десетина години работа, през които Заменхоф превежда книги на есперанто и пише оригинална проза и стихове, през юли 1887 година той публикува във <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Варшава">Варшава</a> „Първа книга“ („Unua Libro“) – първата печатна граматика на новия език, който той първоначално нарича просто „международен език“ (<i>Internacia Lingvo</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-Ling.ohio-state.edu2003_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ling.ohio-state.edu2003-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Начинанието му предизвиква интерес – първоначално главно в Руската империя и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Централна Европа">Централна Европа</a>, а по-късно – и в <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Западна Европа">Западна Европа</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Америка">Америка</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай">Китай</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония">Япония</a>. Първоначално изучаващите есперанто общуват главно чрез лична кореспонденция и периодични издания, но през 1905 година е проведен първият световен есперантистки конгрес в <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%8E%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Булон сюр Мер">Булон сюр Мер</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Франция</a>. Оттогава подобни световни конференции се провеждат ежегодно – с изключение на годините на двете световни войни. От средата на 20 век те са посещавани от средно 2 хиляди души, като максималният брой достига 6 хиляди. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Първи_опити_за_официално_използване"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.8A.D1.80.D0.B2.D0.B8_.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B8_.D0.B7.D0.B0_.D0.BE.D1.84.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BD.D0.BE_.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B7.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B5"></span>Първи опити за официално използване</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Първи опити за официално използване" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Първи опити за официално използване"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:1905-03-ge-frankf-mapo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/1905-03-ge-frankf-mapo.jpg/220px-1905-03-ge-frankf-mapo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/1905-03-ge-frankf-mapo.jpg/330px-1905-03-ge-frankf-mapo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/1905-03-ge-frankf-mapo.jpg/440px-1905-03-ge-frankf-mapo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>Карта на есперантистките групи в Европа през 1905 г.</figcaption></figure> <p>В началото на 20 век се обсъжда възможността за въвеждането на есперанто като официален език в малкото <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">германско</a>-<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Белгия">белгийско</a> съвместно владение <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Неутрален Мореснет (страницата не съществува)">Неутрален Мореснет</a>. Населението на тази територия е многоетническо, а относително голям брой хора говорят есперанто. Този проект е изоставен със започването на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Първа световна война">Първата световна война</a>, когато Германия окупира<sup id="cite_ref-Musgrave19188_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musgrave19188-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, а след това и анексира Мореснет. </p><p>След края на Първата световна война има предложения новосъздаденото <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Общество на народите">Общество на народите</a> да приеме есперанто за свой работен език. Те се съдържат и в доклад на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нитобе Инадзо (страницата не съществува)">Нитобе Инадзо</a> – официален делегат на организацията на 13-ия Световен есперантистки конгрес в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Прага">Прага</a>. Предложението е прието благосклонно от повечето представители, но среща съпротивата на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Франция</a>, опасяваща се от изместването на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Френски език">френския език</a> от положението му на основен език в международните отношения. Въпреки това малко по-късно Обществото на народите препоръчва на държавите членки да включат есперанто в своите образователни програми. По тази причина мнозина определят 20-те години на 20 век като зенита на есперантисткото движение. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Отношение_на_тоталитарните_режими"><span id=".D0.9E.D1.82.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.88.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5_.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B6.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8"></span>Отношение на тоталитарните режими</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Отношение на тоталитарните режими" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Отношение на тоталитарните режими"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Като потенциално средство за подобряване на международното разбирателство есперанто предизвиква подозренията на повечето <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Тоталитаризъм">тоталитарни</a> режими, като особено крайни са реакциите в <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a> при <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Адолф Хитлер">Адолф Хитлер</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания">Испания</a> при <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Франсиско Франко">Франсиско Франко</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Съюз на съветските социалистически републики">Съветския съюз</a> при <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Йосиф Сталин">Йосиф Сталин</a>. </p><p>В Германия допълнителен мотив за преследването на есперанто става еврейският произход на Людвик Заменхоф. В своята книга „<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Моята борба">Моята борба</a>“ Адолф Хитлер изрично сочи есперанто като пример за едно от средствата на световната еврейска конспирация за постигане на световно господство<sup id="cite_ref-Hitler2007_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hitler2007-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Много есперантисти са убити, като специално внимание е обърнато на ликвидирането на семейството на Заменхоф<sup id="cite_ref-Esperantodc.org1995_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esperantodc.org1995-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>През първите години на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Комунизъм">комунистическото</a> управление в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия">Русия</a> есперанто получава известна подкрепа от властите и есперантистката организация получава официално признание<sup id="cite_ref-Harlow2010_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harlow2010-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. През 1937 година обаче тази политика претърпява обрат и десетки есперантисти са убити или изпратени в изгнание<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Използването на есперанто в Съветския съюз остава практически забранено до 1956 година<sup id="cite_ref-Harlow2010_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harlow2010-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>В Испания есперанто е особено популярно сред анархистите и каталонските националисти, които се оказват на губещата страна в <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Испанска гражданска война">Испанската гражданска война</a>. След края на войната и идването на власт на Франсиско Франко използването на езика е преследвано от властите, като тази политика продължава до 50-те години. </p><p>В <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония">Япония</a> по време на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Втора световна война">Втората световна война</a> някои ляво ориентирани есперантисти са подложени на преследвания, но ръководството на есперантисткото движение полага усилия да се дистанцира от политическия живот и успява да избегне забраната на езика от властите<sup id="cite_ref-Lins200847&#32;–&#32;60_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lins200847&#32;–&#32;60-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Лингвистични_характеристики"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B3.D0.B2.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D1.85.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Лингвистични характеристики</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: Лингвистични характеристики" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Лингвистични характеристики"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Класификация"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Класификация</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Редактиране на раздел: Класификация" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Класификация"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Lernolibro_de_Esperanto_por_bulgaroj_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Lernolibro_de_Esperanto_por_bulgaroj_1912.jpg/220px-Lernolibro_de_Esperanto_por_bulgaroj_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Lernolibro_de_Esperanto_por_bulgaroj_1912.jpg/330px-Lernolibro_de_Esperanto_por_bulgaroj_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Lernolibro_de_Esperanto_por_bulgaroj_1912.jpg/440px-Lernolibro_de_Esperanto_por_bulgaroj_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Български учебник по есперанто, 1912 г.</figcaption></figure> <p>Като <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Изкуствен език">изкуствен език</a> есперанто не е <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Родословно дърво на езиците">родословно</a> свързан с никой <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Етнос">етнически</a> език. Понякога той е определян като „език, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лексика">лексикално</a> предимно <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Романски езици">романски</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Морфология (езикознание)">морфологично</a> силно <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аглутинация">аглутинативен</a> и до известна степен с <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Аналитичен език">аналитичен</a> характер“<sup id="cite_ref-Blank1985_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blank1985-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фонология">Фонологията</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика">граматиката</a>, лексиката и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Семантика">семантиката</a> на есперанто се основават на говорените в Европа <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Индоевропейски езици">индоевропейски езици</a>. Фонемите са по същество <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Славянски езици">славянски</a>, както и основната семантика, докато речникът е производен главно на този на романските езици, в по-малка степен на <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Германски езици">германските езици</a> със съвсем ограничен принос на славянските езици и <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Гръцки език">гръцкия език</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Прагматика">Прагматиката</a> и други характеристики на езика, които не са дефинирани в първоначалния документ на Заменхоф, са повлияни от родните езици на първите говорещи езика, главно <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски език">руски</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полски език">полски</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Немски език">немски</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Френски език">френски</a>. </p><p>В типологично отношение есперанто се характеризира с наличието на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Предлог">предлози</a> и със свободен словоред, който обикновено е <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Подлог-сказуемо-допълнение (страницата не съществува)">подлог-сказуемо-допълнение</a>. Прилагателните могат да се поставят свободно преди или след модифицираните съществителни, като поставянето им преди съществителното е по-често срещано. Нови думи се образуват често чрез използване на представки и наставки. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Фонология"><span id=".D0.A4.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Фонология</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Редактиране на раздел: Фонология" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Фонология"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фонология">Фонологията</a> на есперанто се основава на тази на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Славянски езици">славянските езици</a> и включва 22 <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Съгласен звук">съгласни</a>, 5 <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Гласен звук">гласни</a> и 2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Полугласен звук (страницата не съществува)">полугласни звука</a>, които се съчетават с гласните, образувайки 6 <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Дифтонг">дифтонга</a>. Не се използват <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Тон (лингвистика)">тонове</a> за разграничаване на смисъла, а <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Ударение">ударението</a> пада върху предпоследната гласна – с изключение на случаите на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Елизия">елизия</a> на крайно <i>-o</i>, използвана главно в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Поезия">поезията</a>, когато ударението пада върху последната сричка, както и на някои <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Заемка">заемки</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Съгласни_звукове"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.8A.D0.B3.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B7.D0.B2.D1.83.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B5"></span>Съгласни звукове</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Редактиране на раздел: Съгласни звукове" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Съгласни звукове"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Двадесет и двата съгласни звука в есперанто са: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Двубърнена съгласна">Двубърнени</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Устнено-зъбна съгласна">Устнено-зъбни</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Венечна съгласна">Венечни</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Задвенечна съгласна (страницата не съществува)">Задвенечни</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Небна съгласна">Небни</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Заднонебна съгласна">Заднонебни</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Глотална съгласна (страницата не съществува)">Гръклянови</a> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Носова съгласна">Носови</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">m</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">n</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Преградна съгласна">Преградни</a> </th> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">p</a></span></td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">b</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">t</a></span></td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">d</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">k</a></span></td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Африкат">Преградно-проходни (африкатни)</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">ts</a></span></td> <td> </td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">tʃ</a></span></td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">dʒ</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Проходна съгласна">Проходни</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">f</a></span></td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">v</a></span> </td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">s</a></span></td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">z</a></span> </td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">ʃ</a></span></td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">x</a></span></td> <td> </td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">h</a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Трептяща съгласна">Трептящи</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">r</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Приблизителна съгласна">Приблизителни</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">l</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">j</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Звукът <span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[r]</a></span> понякога се произнася и като <span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ɾ]</a></span>, а <span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[v]</a></span> – като <span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ʋ]</a></span> или <span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[w]</a></span>, в зависимост от родния език на говорещия. Обичайно, макар и спорно, е произнасянето на съчетанията <i>nk</i> като <span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ŋk]</a></span> и <i>kz</i> като <span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ɡz]</a></span>. </p><p>Често е групирането на няколко съгласни – до 3 в началото на думата (например, <i>stranga</i>, „странен“) и до 4 в средата (например, <i>instrui</i>, „обучавам“). Крайните групи съгласни не са обичайни, освен в случаите на чужди имена, поетична елизия на крайното <i>-o</i> и няколко основни думи, като <i>cent</i> („сто“) и <i>post</i> („след“). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Гласни_звукове"><span id=".D0.93.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B7.D0.B2.D1.83.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B5"></span>Гласни звукове</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Редактиране на раздел: Гласни звукове" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Гласни звукове"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>В есперанто има 5 основни гласни: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Преден гласен звук (страницата не съществува)">Предни</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Заден гласен звук (страницата не съществува)">Задни</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Затворен гласен звук (страницата не съществува)">Затворени</a> </th> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">i</a></span> </td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Среден гласен звук (страницата не съществува)">Средни</a> </th> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">e</a></span> </td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Отворен гласен звук (страницата не съществува)">Отворени</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">a</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Двата полугласни звука <span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[i̯]</a></span> и <span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[u̯]</a></span> служат за образуване на 6 падащи дифтонга: <i>aj</i>, <i>ej</i>, <i>oj</i>, <i>uj</i>, <i>aŭ</i> и <i>eŭ</i>. </p><p>Тъй като гласните звукове в есперанто са само 5, за допустимо се приема широко вариране в тяхното произношение. Например <i>e</i> може да се произнася в целия диапазон от <span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[e]</a></span> до <span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ɛ]</a></span>. Начинът на произнасяне обикновено зависи от родния език на говорещия. </p><p>При произнасянето на някои думи, най-често с две съседни гласни, се допуска появата на <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Глотална пауза">глотална пауза</a> (например, <i>heroo</i> („герой“) може да се произнася <span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[he.ˈro.o]</a></span> или <span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[he.ˈro.ʔo]</a></span>), а <i>praavo</i> („прадядо“) – <span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[pra.ˈa.vo]</a></span> или <span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[pra.ˈʔa.vo]</a></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Граматика"><span id=".D0.93.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Граматика</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Редактиране на раздел: Граматика" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Граматика"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Думите на есперанто се получават чрез съчетаване на представки, корени и наставки. Този процес е правилен, така че хората могат да измислят нови думи, докато говорят, и да бъдат разбрани. </p><p>Различните части на речта се отбелязват със собствени наставки: всички съществителни завършват на <i>-о</i>, всички прилагателни – на <i>-а</i>, всички наречия, образувани от корени – на <i>-е</i>, и всички глаголи в инфинитив – на <i>-i</i>. </p><p>Съществителните в множествено число, които са подлози, завършват на <i>-oj</i> (произнася се като „ой“). Съществителните в единствено число, които са преки допълнения, завършват на <i>-on</i>, a тези в множествено – на <i>-ojn</i>. <i>-o</i> показва, че думата е съществително, <i>-j</i> показва, че е в множествено число, а <i>-n</i> показва, че е пряко допълнение. Прилагателните се съгласуват със съществителните, за които се отнасят; техните окончания са: <i>-aj</i> за множествено число, <i>-an</i> за единствено число и пряко допълнение, и множествено число и пряко допълнение <i>-ajn</i>. </p> <table style="margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Съществително име">Съществително име</a> </th> <th>Подлог </th> <th>Пряко допълнение </th></tr> <tr> <th>Единствено число </th> <td>-<b>o</b> </td> <td>-<b>on</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Множествено число </th> <td>-<b>oj</b> </td> <td>-<b>ojn</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Прилагателно име">Прилагателно име</a> </th> <th>Подлог </th> <th>Пряко допълнение </th></tr> <tr> <th>Единствено число </th> <td>-<b>a</b> </td> <td>-<b>an</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Множествено число </th> <td>-<b>aj</b> </td> <td>-<b>ajn</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Наставката <i>-n</i> освен да показва прякото допълнение, има още няколко приложения, като показването на движение. </p><p>Шестте наставки, които могат да приемат глаголите, представляват трите глаголни времена и трите наклонения. Те са: <i>-as</i> (за <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Сегашно време">сегашно време</a>), <i>-os</i> (за <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Бъдеще време">бъдеще време</a>), <i>-is</i> (за <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Минало време (страницата не съществува)">минало време</a>), <i>-i</i> (за безлично наклонение, (<a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Инфинитив">инфинитив</a>), <i>-us</i> (за <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Условно наклонение">условно наклонение</a>) и <i>-u</i> (за <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Повелително наклонение">повелително наклонение</a>). Глаголите не отразяват вършител или число. Примерно <i>kanti</i> означа „пея“ (в инфинитив), <i>mi kantas</i> – „аз пея“, <i>vi kantas</i> – „ти пееш“, <i>ili kantas</i> – „те пеят“. </p> <table style="margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Глаголно време </th> <th>Наставка </th></tr> <tr> <th>[Сегашно време] </th> <td><b>-as</b> (kantas) </td></tr> <tr> <th>[Минало време] </th> <td><b>-is</b> (kantis) </td></tr> <tr> <th>[Бъдеще време] </th> <td><b>-os</b> (kantos) </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Глаголно наклонение </th> <th>Наставка </th></tr> <tr> <th>[Инфинитив] </th> <td><b>-i</b> (kanti) </td></tr> <tr> <th>[Заповедно наклонение] </th> <td><b>-u</b> (kantu) </td></tr> <tr> <th>[Условно наклонение] </th> <td><b>-us</b> (kantus) </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Словоредът е сравнително свободен. Прилагателните могат да стоят и преди, и след съществителните; глаголите и допълненията могат да се появяват във всякакъв ред. Въпреки това определителният член <i>la</i>, показателни местоимения като <i>tiu</i> ('този/онзи') и предлози като <i>al</i> ('към') трябва винаги да стоят преди съществителните, за които се отнасят. Подобно отрицанието <i>ne</i> ('не') и съюзи като <i>kaj</i> ('и') трябва да са преди изречението, което въвеждат. В тъждествени фрази словоредът е важен, както и в българския: „хората са животни“ е различно от „животните са хора“. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Речник"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B5.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BA"></span>Речник</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Редактиране на раздел: Речник" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Речник"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Основният речник на есперанто се определя от <i>Lingvo internacia</i>, публикувано от Заменхоф през 1887. В книгата са описани 900 корена; те могат да бъдат разширени до десетки хиляди думи, използвайки представки, наставки и съчетаване на корени. През 1894 г. Заменхоф публикува първия речник на есперанто, <i>Universala vortaro</i>, в който има по-богат списък от корени. Правилата на езика позволяват на говорещите го да използват нови корени, когато има нужда от това. Все пак се препоръчва те да използват най-международните форми и после да извеждат сродните значения от тях. </p><p>Оттогава много думи за били заети – най-вече (но не само) от западноевропейски езици. Не всички предложени заемки са станали широко използвани, но много са – най-вече технически и научни термини. Неща от всекидневието, от друга страна, по-често се извеждат от вече съществуващи корени: <i>komputilo</i> ('компютър') например се получава от глагола <i>komputi</i> ('изчислявам') и наставката <i>-ilo</i> ('средство, уред, инструмент'). Думите придобиват и нови значения, подобно на значенията им в други езици. Примерно думата <i>muso</i> ('мишка') е придобила значението и на компютърна мишка, заради употребата си в английския. Говорещите есперанто често спорят дали конкретна заемка е оправдана, или може значението да бъде изведено от вече съществуващи корени. </p><p>Някои сложни думи в есперанто не са напълно интуитивни; примерно <i>eldoni</i> (буквално 'из-давам') означава „издавам“ – подобно на начина, по който се образува думата в немски или български, но това може да затрудни хора, в чиито езици думата не се образува така. Освен това в есперанто има думи с особената наставка <i>-um</i>, която няма определно значение; думи, използващи наставката, трябва да се учат самостоятелно – примерно <i>dekstren</i> ('надясно') и <i>dekstrumen</i> ('(в/по посока на) по часовниковата стрелка'). </p><p>В есперанто няма идиоми и жаргонни думи, тъй като тези форми на речта биха затруднили международното общуване, което е против целта на есперанто. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Изрази"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.B8"></span>Изрази</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Редактиране на раздел: Изрази" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Изрази"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Тук са посочени полезни думи и изречения на есперанто, заедно с транскрипция на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Международна фонетична азбука">Международната фонетична азбука</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Български</th> <th>Есперанто</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Международна фонетична азбука">IPA</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Здравей</td> <td>Saluton</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[sa.ˈlu.ton]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Да</td> <td>Jes</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ˈjes]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Не</td> <td>Ne</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ˈne]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Добро утро</td> <td>Bonan matenon</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ˈbo.nan ma.ˈte.non]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Добър вечер</td> <td>Bonan vesperon</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ˈbo.nan ves.ˈpe.ron]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Лека нощ</td> <td>Bonan nokton</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ˈbo.nan ˈnok.ton]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Довиждане</td> <td>Ĝis revido</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[dʒis re.ˈvi.do]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Как се казваш?</td> <td>Kio estas via nomo?</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ˈki.o es.tas ˈvi.a ˈno.mo]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Казвам се Георги.</td> <td>Mia nomo estas Georgi.</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[mi.a 'no.mo es.tas ge'or.gi]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Как си?</td> <td>Kiel vi fartas?</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ˈki.el vi ˈfar.tas]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Говориш ли есперанто?</td> <td>Ĉu vi parolas Esperanton?</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ˈtʃu vi pa.ˈro.las es.pe.ˈran.ton]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Не Ви разбирам.</td> <td>Mi ne komprenas vin</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[mi ˈne kom.ˈpre.nas vin]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Добре</td> <td>Bone</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ˈbo.ne]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Благодаря</td> <td>Dankon</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ˈdan.kon]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Пак заповядай</td> <td>Nedankinde</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ne.dan.ˈkin.de]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Моля</td> <td>Bonvolu</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[bon.ˈvo.lu]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Наздраве!</td> <td>Sanon!</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ˈsa.non]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Поздравления</td> <td>Gratulon</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ɡra.ˈtu.lon]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Обичам те</td> <td>Mi amas vin</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[mi ˈa.mas vin]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Една бира, моля</td> <td>Unu bieron, mi petas</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ˈu.nu bi.ˈe.ron, mi ˈpe.tas]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Какво е това?</td> <td>Kio estas tio?</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ˈki.o es.tas ˈti.o]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Това е куче</td> <td>Tio estas hundo</td> <td><span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[ˈti.o es.tas ˈhun.do]</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Култура"><span id=".D0.9A.D1.83.D0.BB.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Култура</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Редактиране на раздел: Култура" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Култура"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Есперантистите имат достъп до международна <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Култура">култура</a>, включваща много оригинален материал, както и преведен. Има над 25 000 книги на есперанто – както оригинални, така и преводи. Има и много редовно излизащи списания и вестници. Есперантоговорещите могат да използват езика за безплатно отсядане при други есперантисти в 92 страни, използвайки <a href="/wiki/Pasporta_Servo" title="Pasporta Servo">Pasporta Servo</a>, или да завържат приятелства в чужбина. </p><p>Всяка година между 1500 и 4000 есперантисти се срещат за <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Световния есперантистки конгрес (страницата не съществува)">Световния есперантистки конгрес</a> (<i>Universala Kongreso de Esperanto</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>В исторически план много есперантистка музика, като <i>Kaj Tiel Plu</i>, е била в различни фолклорни традиции<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Има и много класическа и полукласическа хорова музика – както оригинална, така и преведена, и голяма колекция от оркестрална музика, включваща текстове на есперанто. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дейвид Гейнс (страницата не съществува)">Дейвид Гейнс</a> е използвал стихотворения на есперанто, както и откъс от реч на д-р Заменхоф за своята „Първа симфония“ за мецосопран и оркестър (1994 – 1998). Написал е оригинален текст на есперанто за своята <i>Povas plori mi ne plu</i> („Не мога да плача повече“) за неакомпаниран хор. </p><p>Има и споделени традиции, като <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Деня на Заменхоф (страницата не съществува)">Деня на Заменхоф</a>. </p><p>Противниците на есперанто често го критикуват, че „няма култура“. Пропонентите обаче, като проф. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%BC%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хъмфри Тонкин (страницата не съществува)">Хъмфри Тонкин</a> от Университета в Хартфорд, отбелязва, че есперанто е „по замисъл културно неутрален, тъй като е предвиден за посредник между култури, а не да бъде носител на някоя национална култура“. Починалият шотландски писател <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уилям Олд (страницата не съществува)">Уилям Олд</a> е писал обстойно по този въпрос, твърдейки, че есперанто е „израз на общата човешка култура, необременена от националните граници. Затова може да се разглежда като отделна култура“<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Други"><span id=".D0.94.D1.80.D1.83.D0.B3.D0.B8"></span>Други</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Редактиране на раздел: Други" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Други"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Обекти, именувани в чест на езика есперанто: </p> <ul><li>Улица в квартал „<a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Орландовци">Орландовци</a>“ в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="София">София</a> (<a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" data-overlays="["_4fa6d6d86f4f7364fe3aa1d8d9c0f95bcf20d608"]">Карта</a>).</li> <li>Остров <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Есперанто (български остров)">Есперанто</a> – български дунавски остров, разположен от 668,8 до 672,4 км по течението на реката в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Област Враца">Област Враца</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Община Оряхово">община Оряхово</a></li> <li>Остров Есперанто край о. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Ливингстън (остров)">Ливингстън</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Южни Шетландски острови">Южни Шетландски острови</a> <sup id="cite_ref-SCAR_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCAR-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Бележки"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.B6.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Бележки</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Редактиране на раздел: Бележки" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Бележки"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lindstedt2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Lindstedt2006_1-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lindstedt2006_1-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lindstedt2006_1-2"><sup><i><b>в</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLindstedt2006">Lindstedt 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Byram2001464-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Byram2001464_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByram2001">Byram 2001</a>, с. 464.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zasky2009-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Zasky2009_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZasky2009">Zasky 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hana-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hana_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHana">Hana </a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis2009-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lewis2009_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis2009">Lewis 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UEA2008-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-UEA2008_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUEA2008">UEA 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matthias2002-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Matthias2002_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatthias2002">Matthias 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ling.ohio-state.edu2003-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ling.ohio-state.edu2003_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLing.ohio-state.edu2003">Ling.ohio-state.edu 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Musgrave19188-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Musgrave19188_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMusgrave1918">Musgrave 1918</a>, с. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hitler2007-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hitler2007_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHitler2007">Hitler 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Esperantodc.org1995-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Esperantodc.org1995_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEsperantodc.org1995">Esperantodc.org 1995</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harlow2010-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Harlow2010_12-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harlow2010_12-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarlow2010">Harlow 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historio.ru">Документы о репрессиях против эсперантистов</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lins200847&#32;–&#32;60-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lins200847&#32;–&#32;60_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLins2008">Lins 2008</a>, с. 47 – 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blank1985-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Blank1985_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlank1985">Blank 1985</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ziko van Dijk. <i>Sed homoj kun homoj: Universalaj Kongresoj de Esperanto 1905 – 2005</i>. Rotterdam: UEA, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEventoj.hu" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Szilvási László. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eventoj.hu/">International Esperanto meetings</a> //   Eventoj.hu. Посетен на 5 декември 2010.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicexpress.com.br/artisto.asp?Artista=135#musica=Adiaux%20Birdeto%20Mia">Kaj Tiel Plu</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081007083335/http://www.musicexpress.com.br/artisto.asp?Artista=135#musica=Adiaux%20Birdeto%20Mia">Архив на оригинала от</a> 2008-10-07 в <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Esperanto folk music as downloadable MP3 file</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Auld, William. <i>La Fenomeno Esperanto</i> („The Esperanto Phenomenon“). Rotterdam: Universala Esperanto-Asocio, 1988.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCAR-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SCAR_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSCAR">SCAR </a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Източници"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8"></span>Източници</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Редактиране на раздел: Източници" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Източници"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBlank1985" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Blank, Detlev. Internationale Plansprachen. Eine Einführung.  Akademie-Verlag, 1985. ISSN 0138 – 55 X.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на немски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFByram2001" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Byram, Michael. Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning.  Routledge, 2001. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0415332869" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-4153-3286-9</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEsperantodc.org5_декември_1995" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101125045310/http://esperantodc.org/esw6.html">About ESW and the Holocaust Museum</a> //   Esperantodc.org, 5 декември 1995.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esperantodc.org/esw6.html">оригинала</a> на 2010-11-25. Посетен на 5 декември 2010.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHana" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Hana, Jirka. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622054642/http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~hana/esr/">Esperanto</a> //    Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~hana/esr/">оригинала</a> на 2011-06-22. Посетен на 11 март 2010.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHarlow2010" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Harlow, Donald J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101201024512/http://donh.best.vwh.net/Esperanto/EBook/chap07.html">The Esperanto Book, chapter 7</a> //  Donh.best.vwh.net.  Donh.best.vwh.net, 2010.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://donh.best.vwh.net/Esperanto/EBook/chap07.html">оригинала</a> на 2010-12-01. Посетен на 5 декември 2010.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHitler2007" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Hitler, Adolf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217084312/http://www.hitler.org/writings/Mein_Kampf/mkv1ch11.html">Mein Kampf</a> //  hitler.org.  hitler.org, 2007.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hitler.org/writings/Mein_Kampf/mkv1ch11.html">оригинала</a> на 2008-12-17. Посетен на 22 май 2007. <i>As long as the Jew has not become the master of the other peoples, he must speak their languages whether he likes it or not, but as soon as they became his slaves, they would all have to learn a universal language (Esperanto, for instance!), so that by this additional means the Jews could more easily dominate them!</i><span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLewis2009" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=epo">Esperanto</a> //  Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition.  SIL International, 2009. Посетен на 11 март 2010.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLindstedt2006" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Lindstedt, Jouko. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716154438/http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/sky/julkaisut/SKY2006_1/1FK60.1.5.LINDSTEDT.pdf">Native Esperanto as a Test Case for Natural Language (PDF)</a> //   Helsingin yliopisto, 2006.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/sky/julkaisut/SKY2006_1/1FK60.1.5.LINDSTEDT.pdf">оригинала</a> на 2011-07-16. Посетен на 11 март 2010.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLing.ohio-state.edu25_януари_2003" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622054642/http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~hana/esr/">Esperanto</a> //   Ling.ohio-state.edu, 25 януари 2003.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~hana/esr/">оригинала</a> на 2011-06-22. Посетен на 5 декември 2010.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLins2008" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Lins, Ulrich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121222105549/http://benjamins.com/series/lplp/32-1/art/05lin.pdf">Esperanto as language and idea in China and Japan (PDF)</a> //  <i>Language Problems and Language Planning</i> 32 (1).  John Benjamins, 2008. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.32.1.05lin">10.1075/lplp.32.1.05lin</a>. p. 47 – 60.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://benjamins.com/series/lplp/32-1/art/05lin.pdf">оригинала</a> на 2012-12-22. Посетен на 2 юли 2012.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMatthias2002" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Matthias, Ulrich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.u-matthias.de/latino/latin_en.htm">Esperanto – The New Latin for the Church and for Ecumenism</a> //   Flandra Esperanto-Ligo, 2002. Посетен на 11 март 2010.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMusgrave1918" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Musgrave, George Clarke. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/underfourflagsfo00musgiala">Under Four Flags for France</a>.  1918.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSCAR" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/scar/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=136818">Esperanto Island</a> //  Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.  SCAR. Посетен на 11 март 2010.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFUEA2008" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120527013520/http://www.uea.org/info/angle/an_ghisdatigo.html">An Update on Esperanto</a> //   UEA, 2008.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uea.org/info/angle/an_ghisdatigo.html">оригинала</a> на 2012-05-27. Посетен на 11 март 2010.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFZasky20_юли_2009" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Zasky, Jason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111119133127/http://failuremag.com/index.php/feature/article/discouraging_words/">Discouraging Words</a> //   Failure Magazine, 20 юли 2009.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://failuremag.com/index.php/feature/article/discouraging_words/">оригинала</a> на 2011-11-19. Посетен на 2012-09-22.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Външни_препратки"><span id=".D0.92.D1.8A.D0.BD.D1.88.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Външни препратки</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Редактиране на раздел: Външни препратки" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Външни препратки"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Esperanto.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/248px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="248" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/372px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/496px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/">Уикипедия на есперанто</a></li> <li><span style="color:blue; font-size:0.8em; cursor:help;" title="На български език"><b>(</b>(bg)<b>)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/esperantobulgara00todo/mode/2up">Есперанто–български джобен речник</a> (Български есперантски съюз, 2002), <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="hlist hlist-big plainlinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Нормативен контрол<span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143#identifiers" title="Редактиране в Уикиданни"><img alt="Редактиране в Уикиданни" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300388282">AAT</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX527298">BNE</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941391w">BNF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4015543-2">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/024597">HDS</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553176405171">NLI J9U</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85044883">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562049">NDL</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114485">NKC</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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