CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "journals.sagepub.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '913931f989a83fa4',cH: 'CoZq9J.kisNNvzzY4UZx7bD5Sag0dC4L0.5YpPaAE84-1739831146-1.2.1.1-.PMYWuwoiRj5ClXZ.rchEWUwhPvHxL0enFIRQnK9tsP6QQbX7ezIjtWXA2zoXF8r',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.1H295?__cf_chl_tk=19NdMOByJj_FH_mup8.29adoT69BWLKi_Fok18mM55o-1739831146-1.0.1.1-H8vWr5RAOHY8r7Ny5.DBO7n4Z17FMrKoLEchlBpt_Ww",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739831146',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.1H295?__cf_chl_f_tk=19NdMOByJj_FH_mup8.29adoT69BWLKi_Fok18mM55o-1739831146-1.0.1.1-H8vWr5RAOHY8r7Ny5.DBO7n4Z17FMrKoLEchlBpt_Ww",md: "tAbfuKYcsvHCHdH7x5fFoY.yf5VXVC226FsO_RQUinQ-1739831146-1.2.1.1-7ctmfi4Trae.ZqyH6q9zxOi9fr85aWc5..BSTtKKAvRW2qvknnbvZ36cMZ9W4KCHG5clYf13HKfWGvfBA4rtr_roqwFaS304o9E1lXpIHqr0IWMgg6nmT8bRyc6hghR4q9Mkroy1rf53khJr.VBdSrE2_ZLuOfwlsYCYItMeA2l0wdpBKHvXl3tESXwgWKqoYaM7uU7yYDuaQN1cfsowbanGCvgBOXdgqTumtvaz2BufpcBOMNGUqEcYtqyozPFM1pe5uIi1Ru4e4uDTFY9y7k4MbrgzQl13t9r7s9mpc2RhUgQk_UOjHI9mxrLv7c7HJSnPBAeGJkMuKqwXmAC0d151sV4gUi9HtAVhAPhBiKGStnOBCwu0LjzgiwzXFLdHv1AOKbvTwYfgQ_vo.siQ69h_XWElg49h23A1bG_YkxmmFXH1NiRCrX53R66eGXU4EGNSuaBEhgJ4Ko5Np2Jg3NSIgHZIjQvVhix9LXGH6TddanOKQ_kFaqQ6k03dq7yAOtFwtwgIIi0dGpYUn15fPwRtiyM9lnMW0vFapyTRg3kyrAmH1JIPqYEf9yrfX3osw7vNW0i7JImLbv.Tf0yh.asKdTzKa9n2FCPFwjjCDg4K2iLCmND_pwZrn71jI4wR4XdZNWOEAK3omwKis_XStxSIaksAZJ0.Uz8nFB4OwA9GM3hPH0jpIdbt.Xcmwn1ADG6VpMR7ve4ItAC1hr.Sc8L603Pptx3RIMyNvYdGHl9ieHLvo_A_NiAT2e_9k2.oPsHjOfM5Sc2CzeCbQVl3Il7ovQ7ncPboUc_6dourMYMlhTmEkfkZaZe.spRNp5qmHkfudGRzU87eOUiw88gF8dPY3Kez8AUK80WGfpygqyPWiVKAi_7R.BniWswhLtZ_VyneLnmY_ehBUUJiEHOBHBBWaIplSmgi.pmNbKao8dQ.KMMKs8PMP3xq6T3QCUMIqqiXgsG1spWQMdOyUWPJPwXsQR.XtI9OAtXkWrdr_ZBMviQwp0BQ0mIu_7mVKT9w5uwfR8nZ4AIkuXQiFuB5_1t5sgiLRluqrTrGHQYpJNYummkCG1Mu8q.H6lDXul0Kjs3fGdZbcEhdji4VroEvakscctqFBTpAwwUBDenmoEcMmfkChl7B7r8RvLw8.gygNR_MqAhyPdcMCUsHdX2FQb7YhqlJ741mDr7MDJXBxhoOJH22VzeaFqcql9.BBMKgEOAz0_yPjTxHRZAL_hWgEH5kW5UlPUDyu0NunYoOEl2vaRVS8UsC58k8l8dJsjgOdg8ksfbz8ZTozkaBQu6S0_yAf4oVXi4zVEIW7OimHhK_5q5INXF7TdK54qEnMhNDABtKiTRe_gJc7xGgftWS0jnXS_SU4uC6nuwaBNzFMROv6sGT_j33bIk2Yi9EU_jB70X3nAEb9_mAWC7cLV2peAOpmBGZN1oQ7kaZHBS222hrIWQXIDWraxSeJSmbeodxTkjj7gef7YEZcNm2s0rTd_1DmLGDDMTebjM5Ke0fYFCaIJCQn_fuuO1olF5soVReL0eHUBbBgp.6WmQsnnW.NKtPwd0e.LK.R9tUXd0y4Urb7vunKn5xoBLWhnfVDHZanBeSbKNs8FwVmdOeRFyy4b5_0tpxx_hkRGDIDg8jClmBa0f1AEHz2a2kT6CWB5Vj.hNSVlJ_UV9JCeAeUkT_BCXRCINLdPGW2QpiA5o_yQRGzGff.vxyZwsJhJNUo.gLFYbUqkrXKZGYq4s0Sq2kvASjSOYPjW_K5SGEc0QK39Ctj2yG6NINDC_.2fueFChJ80vSjykRYOL3GJu_f5ouDpoD8EbJ9.sJQpRFLIW4dHTkrawL5lcvxwGnRDGqEJ.FT_qcfO6fg0t2V43bRhEGM.dAwr.MleZp1ZGVEpHi3xvLm.ViGufSiWUla.VnMXNKJQy9um_qLNpdvacdgfUKdQJsDlTMdoPUBJv57LsU88dWF1iycjfl4L3Arq89kQ2udGLxYN1CgX7aucQ_Ax9jSKnHwHskjNHReU2oGOmYHfxzMTB61bQQ6Lsc03UJlefGyG7upKTFn4u6VZk1ZdD_vhSr7s8ar4NvOfgGwJevYafB2RWOzdh5JMZyIMuHAU9zB93cKunA5lsCUfnwRUEGaunX4GeWbI3TwXQZvkA63M08qqXqybwosOS4eApoYrEvmMb73zln6Vx_bazq6RUBRezHCPbWqRhL3f5e4kQZHijnE4MQDjvaqFAZ0o3j60HCf0BfQta7P6.mrLG__xpvV5l0SMGFPdUAF4HMhUH74St_uXrqXPN1ELZEKjjE5DmZIHcg0XgI12UVN6GruSmP29KocMDArJy_NReI4zq_9XAVLIsg9QSkkY1Eto634XH5dpbTfkdBvJtl9758jzCQk71ze9TMk5hw2e2z9iIEj.rIX8esqvS0IsYxG9jnEaS9Anx_O0VXV1VUqC8t__36ocLgzklZomYksPnOsZDzKvmJQ2VLMzvNyHyWqdHhk6eWwKwIbnc2c.1IQY89WKzXiUK4z1.9MbQp7BbXzDaTXU58e8avxy0kLg0MObPufVzY99SDTPyJh7sxzjqp0wip_Q",mdrd: "gJOImjCNqIDYsPlpA6hkbWk3vzKwEdaFHu4.OfVzEa8-1739831146-1.2.1.1-.RRDnoshJPQXc9laoR2uGR6Os0HjR1iw4vnr1cVBQoDT.JwFxuOxTGQLsUeSuwGxNi1zokUosYoF7V4A424i6arMxPeHWqT7_5NpyZEdK36W7.9t_ccrKEMTLKKYdFbNJe06VZR0VpGid3JL2RoRNbCdBHCrDoFn5zpJfbZBAau4Z5nVLEqU8YYSCrGoHnacI20Ve610ymTL1auFXOGrt7teni7BhVh3TApBt0GwSr7ObH9pophy49rJA.19Cwkd_Dq9HpTAYMTOZzJfUmz0BKPDgYCo6uwAzkCy2O2WVKNEwR5_yKgR3BDi4KEfSsu.0uPZRrszudiDnsIAKUSa4KsU3.5av.YuYYx1B_hZs1JGQTJlc81UG0MMbXiZOXUaxnSrP3qhlXnqT5ymRFsBUSanv9XQOnT6ox5BQkOXQAy9SehfATu1eyQemoSqJAkcjyCTAk3vk_4vpau1BJTIw209pz2yaOMnY8Y5HtV.xsY74AUPtwxqI3hjEpLSTYFYWpxLXR7EymaQjRyWrjMXcaB9OSdVzVf6hxGF44TwLGWlxT2gqoZ2ik_7g4MtEs5Al1D0l5GNicevTum.miNdi.NA5NmN9XdGMAlim9WTHVFmDN0g364Sty32VrLto.wz5HPp0vxhjtlnkwC6DqAcsaexo5szCkSzWDna2MPet4oqkn9WdrCe51rDj2uUavMvwLtHRfXLElODbM1YfDaUnwf61KogpHxPAsDxTYfhdTmCHBDpJ7a3Wj04NcJmhRA2RgVvpwzSSx__TFJD959fX92BsO67L6eUiHp.vhjEuDyvJM2eM.YDrKK_vTxoHPMb.V63n9yZeDeMoWcQDL3IXAHh0Wa2QIZ6e3wPLueDyPqP2shG.U1unvpfziubUrLzlOoAcjHB4rAeYm19vhtzIl.K0zzT3TpsG7TPwot9FQ7tqU2LxR2__U7xCUPP7DncQ7ICEg677wBqKh.q0Iy38x7KsFrdcwiQUC8ChtnagohJlGERgAZ_y7dIzTxhJfWXlW5uzCGRoZp2pUylmuzBV52NFhPab6aoNtyxSHlQkCmeS1YbWC0u7Po6PQJl_Kfo6V7RHcm7fqlpllzqoggCIkgn8y4Mhi.tnIOGLXHoWf0FADkn71sz0kNylQRYI3GwGwmeSP1RdR0NwLGjZ23i44NIDuGxtZHEcMSSqwnQSIGnmlKkz0FZ2wHtE8qrUbdSFZ_dX_7ZlB2JT1zdmrgongKaH4_mX_FI9wBtDirAr_cNPUQczCGAvyAKh.CXAmphhC2gnY_ZjuUGGBYLbESJc_4gJY5K6hWn.3gFUFw2P35sHwNZR7cznSnQzzj8IyE2WuH5VEF6EYkjxdGkZVLorIYV7q0eOhQRrLwICypSK8FtMpIoZ3krnferqcPef6LZKp8V_GCKOAJeiGFkHKOz_cFRQ1Hex5vremZiwHZRUSfBKxdVFt68dVV0Fy9q3ZPw5rImugXQvaATxej4WKGbIlFeIaJLWpwfyymcoAUWMASztQaO2tuoXuK7_ZTec0_enNJBC8oYk3m.m3YJDP57arN0rtK4xauNkU0p13zqNuGt1fAnKrjbqB0guwETEfzpH8zuBUfHrv9PN7VkQG35BnER3kpvnfNLZyX.d4arXIPGUeYTQDvC8rIMl3PRmyoxtFJEkG2EPm5M.SS_7jnMKhKx45BTHM1SI18ekaJ08MyM..VVVfosduvLuylcRczgjzyAL3xGs5sqt_.O6K8shfciqmc7CrEXYstiNRvAZ.SOBwXXvoFbc8Cqa80KbkaRJ4eyFp0N.5VxwkdKYfTbjqZvQr4VMgKafMuPeZR96CSRDCi.hzf2.W1i1Uzu1Bdw6qqUnfE0hmVk8YzsKpuIsSHpz.iX8dqVV1zBj05qDkiJFmgGezRx_rw4.JfC59IZxPAhuMBzxU8AnDD1AirUkh_mUnY1KrRMz2ak36nOVWWGoHoyOHpcD4tKR4mSMPrIn4JJv3v0c2tYqa.8CXfk1A"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913931f989a83fa4';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.1H295?__cf_chl_rt_tk=19NdMOByJj_FH_mup8.29adoT69BWLKi_Fok18mM55o-1739831146-1.0.1.1-H8vWr5RAOHY8r7Ny5.DBO7n4Z17FMrKoLEchlBpt_Ww" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>