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<span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.3</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.4</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.5</span> <span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_and_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_and_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.2</span> <span>Sports and games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_and_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1101" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1101"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1101</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1101-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levant_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levant_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.2</span> <span>Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levant_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.4</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.1</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1102" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1102"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1102</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1102-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Levant_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levant_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.1</span> <span>Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levant_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.3</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1103" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1103"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1103</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1103-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Levant_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levant_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.1</span> <span>Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levant_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.4</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1104" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1104"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>1104</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1104-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levant_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levant_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.2</span> <span>Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levant_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.3</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.4</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volcanology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volcanology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2.2</span> <span>Volcanology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volcanology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1105" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1105"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>1105</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1105-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Levant_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levant_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.1</span> <span>Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levant_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.3</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seljuk_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seljuk_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.4</span> <span>Seljuk Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seljuk_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.5</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1106" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1106"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>1106</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1106-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.2</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Astronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2.1</span> <span>Astronomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1107" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1107"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>1107</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1107-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.1</span> <span>Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.2</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levant_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levant_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.4</span> <span>Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levant_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.5</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commerce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commerce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2.1</span> <span>Commerce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commerce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2.2</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1108" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1108"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>1108</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1108-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levant_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levant_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.2</span> <span>Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levant_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1109" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1109"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>1109</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1109-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Levant_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levant_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.1</span> <span>Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levant_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.2.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significant_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significant_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Significant people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significant_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1100s (decade)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1100" title="عقد 1100 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 1100" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_1100" title="Anyos 1100 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 1100" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_1100" title="Década del 1100 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 1100" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-an" title="1100-an – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1100-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95" title="১১০০-এর দশক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১১০০-এর দশক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="1100 nî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1100 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-%D1%8F" title="1100-я – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1100-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-%D1%8F" title="1100-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1100-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-te" title="1100-te – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1100-te" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1100" title="Bloavezhioù 1100 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 1100" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1100" title="Dècada del 1100 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 1100" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="1100-мĕш çулсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1100-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekada_1100" title="Dekada 1100 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dekada 1100" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100au" title="1100au – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1100au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100%27erne" title="1100'erne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1100'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100er" title="1100er – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1100er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100._aastad" title="1100. aastad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1100. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_1100" title="An 1100 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 1100" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="1100 це иеть – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1100 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_1100" title="Años 1100 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 1100" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-aj_jaroj" title="1100-aj jaroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1100-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100eko_hamarkada" title="1100eko hamarkada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1100eko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B0%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۱۱۰۰ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۱۱۰۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-%C3%A1rini" title="1100-árini – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1100-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1100" title="Années 1100 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 1100" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100id%C3%AD" title="1100idí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1100idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100an" title="1100an – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1100an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1100" title="Década de 1100 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 1100" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1100年代 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1100年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1100년대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1100년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-an" title="1100-an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1100-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1101-1110" title="1101-1110 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1101-1110" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1100" title="Anni 1100 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 1100" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-12" title="העשור הראשון של המאה ה-12 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="העשור הראשון של המאה ה-12" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-an" title="1100-an – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1100-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="1100-იანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1100-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_1100" title="Miaka ya 1100 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 1100" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="1100-ӧд вояс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1100-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1100" title="Anni 1100 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 1100" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-as_%C3%A9vek" title="1100-as évek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1100-as évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे ११०० चे दशक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे ११०० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="1100-იანეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1100-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1100" title="عقد 1100 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 1100" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-an" title="1100-an – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1100-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="1100 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1100 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-1109" title="1100-1109 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1100-1109" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1100年代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1100年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-%C3%A5rene" title="1100-årene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1100-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_1100" title="Annaées 1100 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 1100" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100_%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="1100 ийла – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1100 ийла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-lar" title="1100-lar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1100-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1100" title="Década de 1100 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 1100" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_1100" title="Anii 1100 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 1100" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100_watakuna" title="1100 watakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1100 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="1100-е годы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1100-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-%D1%81" title="1100-с – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1100-с" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100s" title="1100s – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1100s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_1100" title="Vitet 1100 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 1100" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100ini" title="1100ini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1100ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA" title="1100 දශකය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1100 දශකය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100s" title="1100s – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1100s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/0._roky_12._storo%C4%8Dia" title="0. roky 12. storočia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="0. roky 12. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100." title="1100. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1100." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-%D0%B5" title="1100-е – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1100-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-te" title="1100-te – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1100-te" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-an" title="1100-an – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1100-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-vuosikymmen" title="1100-vuosikymmen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1100-vuosikymmen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-talet_(decennium)" title="1100-talet (decennium) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1100-talet (decennium)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1100-еллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1100-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_1100" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1100 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1100" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100%27ler" title="1100'ler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1100'ler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100%E2%80%931109" title="1100–1109 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1100–1109" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-%D1%82%D1%96" title="1100-ті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1100-ті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1100" title="Thập niên 1100 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 1100" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_1100" title="Anêyes 1100 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 1100" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100_nga_dekada" title="1100 nga dekada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1100 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1100年代 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1100年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1100年代 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1100年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1100年代 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1100年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170032#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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century">12th century</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1080s" title="1080s">1080s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1090s" title="1090s">1090s</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1100s</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1110s" title="1110s">1110s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1120s" title="1120s">1120s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1100" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1100">1100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1101" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1101">1101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1102" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1102">1102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1103" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1103">1103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1104" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1104">1104</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1105" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1105">1105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1106" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1106">1106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1107" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1107">1107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1108" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1108">1108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1109" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1109">1109</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1100s_births" title="Category:1100s births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1100s_deaths" title="Category:1100s deaths">Deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1100s_by_country" title="Category:1100s by country">By country</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1100s_establishments" title="Category:1100s establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1100s_disestablishments" title="Category:1100s disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decadebox" title="Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decadebox" title="Template talk:Decadebox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1100s</b> was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1100, and ended on December 31, 1109. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1100">1100</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1100" title="1100">1100</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1100&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1100&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1100&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Levant"> Levant</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1100&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January" title="January">January</a> – The Seljuk ruler <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_I_of_Great_Seljuq" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud I of Great Seljuq">Mahmud I</a> is expelled from <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> by his brother <a href="/wiki/Barkiyaruq" class="mw-redirect" title="Barkiyaruq">Barkiyaruq</a>, but Mahmud manages to retake the city, during his spring offensive.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a> or <a href="/wiki/June" title="June">June</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raymond_IV,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse">Raymond IV</a> (Saint-Gilles) sails to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> to obtain the support of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I</a> (Komnenos), in his attempt to seize <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Tripoli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese</a> fleet leaves <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, to support the <a href="/wiki/Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusade">Crusaders</a>' efforts to conquer the coastal cities; the ships reach <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a> on <a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Melitene" title="Battle of Melitene">Battle of Melitene</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bohemond_I_of_Antioch" title="Bohemond I of Antioch">Bohemond I</a> is captured by the <a href="/wiki/Danishmends" class="mw-redirect" title="Danishmends">Danishmends</a>, leaving <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_Prince_of_Galilee" title="Tancred, Prince of Galilee">Tancred</a> as regent of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a> for two years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – With the <a href="/wiki/Venetian_expedition_to_the_Levant_(1099%E2%80%931100)" title="Venetian expedition to the Levant (1099–1100)">support</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> fleet, the Crusaders under Tancred capture the coastal city of <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – French Crusader <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin I</a> is crowned first <a href="/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem" title="King of Jerusalem">King of Jerusalem</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nativity" title="Church of the Nativity">Church of the Nativity</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Dagobert_of_Pisa" title="Dagobert of Pisa">Daimbert</a>, the new <a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem">Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem</a>, following the death of the previous ruler, Baldwin's brother <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_of_Bouillon" title="Godfrey of Bouillon">Godfrey of Bouillon</a>, on <a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>After a success over the Armenians of <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a> and the Emirate of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_II_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin II of Jerusalem">Baldwin of Bourcq</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/County_of_Edessa" title="County of Edessa">Count of Edessa</a>, with the support of Daimbert.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a> gain trading privileges from the <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader states</a>, in return for their service during the conquest of the coastal cities.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1100&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Death_of_William_Rufus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Death_of_William_Rufus.jpg/150px-Death_of_William_Rufus.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Death_of_William_Rufus.jpg/225px-Death_of_William_Rufus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Death_of_William_Rufus.jpg/300px-Death_of_William_Rufus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1195" /></a><figcaption>2 August: death of <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_England" title="William II of England">William II of England</a> during a hunt, killed by an arrow of <a href="/wiki/Walter_Tirel" title="Walter Tirel">Walter Tirel</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – King <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_England" title="William II of England">William II</a> (or William Rufus) dies in a <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> accident in the <a href="/wiki/New_Forest" title="New Forest">New Forest</a>. Sir <a href="/wiki/Walter_Tirel" title="Walter Tirel">Walter Tirel</a> is accused of having shot the arrow, but flees the country to avoid a trial. <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a> claims the throne.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – Henry I is crowned <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of England">King of England</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>. The power of the new monarch is ill-assured, and to mollify the barons he has to grant them the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Liberties" title="Charter of Liberties">Charter of Liberties</a>, one of the first examples of a written <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – After the failure of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Liubech" title="Council of Liubech">Council of Liubech</a> in <a href="/wiki/1097" title="1097">1097</a>, the Congress of Vytechev establishes peace and the feudal system in <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kievan Rus">Kievan Rus</a>; the princes come to an agreement to share the country between them. <a href="/wiki/Sviatopolk_II_of_Kiev" title="Sviatopolk II of Kiev">Sviatopolk II of Kiev</a> becomes the first Grand Prince.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Malagon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Malagon (page does not exist)">Battle of Malagon</a>: The Almoravid army defeats the Castellan troops.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Canterbury" title="Diocese of Canterbury">Canterbury</a> returns from <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exile</a>, at the invitation of Henry I.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Aragon">Peter I of Aragon</a> conquers <a href="/wiki/Barbastro" title="Barbastro">Barbastro</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>) from the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-victor_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-victor-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – Henry I marries <a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland" title="Matilda of Scotland">Matilda of Scotland</a>, the daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_III_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm III of Scotland">Malcolm III</a> and a direct descendant of the Saxon king <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Ironside" title="Edmund Ironside">Edmund Ironside</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – The Council of <a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a> opens, but is soon forcibly closed by <a href="/wiki/William_IX,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William IX, Duke of Aquitaine">William IX</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine" title="Duchy of Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>, as the bishops are about to excommunicate King <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_France" title="Philip I of France">Philip I</a> once more.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – Philip I elevates his son <a href="/wiki/Louis_VI_of_France" title="Louis VI of France">Louis VI</a> as co-ruler to the government of the realm.</li> <li>Philip I conquers the <a href="/wiki/Vexin" title="Vexin">Vexin</a> area, and adds the city of <a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a> and the province of <a href="/wiki/Berry" title="Berry">Berry</a> to his estate.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Althing" title="Althing">Althing</a> decides that the laws should be transferred to a written form (approximate date).</li> <li>Intense urban activity in north and central Europe: <a href="/wiki/Kalmar" title="Kalmar">Kalmar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kung%C3%A4lv" title="Kungälv">Kungälv</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Varberg" title="Varberg">Varberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>) are chartered; The cities of <a href="/wiki/Aach,_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Aach, Baden-Württemberg">Aach</a> (southern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>) and Nakléřov in <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> are created. The castle of <a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Hesse#Main-Taunus-Kreis" title="List of castles in Hesse">Burg Eppstein</a> is built in central Germany.</li> <li>Henry I grants the ownership of <a href="/wiki/Carisbrooke_Castle" title="Carisbrooke Castle">Carisbrooke Castle</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> to <a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Redvers" title="Richard de Redvers">Richard de Redvers</a>, a Norman nobleman.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Africa"> Africa</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1100&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A collective of <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuareg</a> trading clans decide to permanently settle the city of <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>) north of <a href="/wiki/Djenn%C3%A9" title="Djenné">Djenné</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Niger_River" title="Niger River">Niger River</a>. Timbuktu will later achieve fame as a center of Islamic learning. The <a href="/wiki/Sankore_Madrasah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankore Madrasah">Sankore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djinguereber_Mosque" title="Djinguereber Mosque">Djinguereber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sidi_Yahya_Mosque" title="Sidi Yahya Mosque">Sidi Yahya</a> mosques are among Timbuktu's most famous religious and scholarly institutions (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="China"> China</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1100&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhezong" title="Emperor Zhezong">Emperor Zhezong</a> dies after a 15-year reign. He is succeeded by his 17-year-old brother <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huizong_of_Song" title="Emperor Huizong of Song">Huizong</a> as ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>. At about this date, the Chinese population reaches around 100 million and in <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>, his capital, the number of registered citizens within the walls is about 1,050,000 with the army stationed here boosting the overall populace to some 1.4 million people.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> crushes the <a href="/wiki/Zubu" title="Zubu">Zubu</a>, a tribute state of the <a href="/wiki/Khitan_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Khitan Empire">Khitan Empire</a>, and takes their <i><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khan</a></i> prisoner.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Americas"> Americas</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1100&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oraibi,_Arizona" title="Oraibi, Arizona">Oraibi</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi">Hopi</a> village in <a href="/wiki/Navajo_County,_Arizona" title="Navajo County, Arizona">Navajo County</a>, becomes the oldest populated settlement in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Puebloans</a> culture, located in the modern-day <a href="/wiki/Four_Corners" title="Four Corners">Four Corners</a> (United States), rises (approximate date).</li> <li>The city of <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>) is founded (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1100&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1100&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – Antipope <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_III" title="Antipope Clement III">Clement III</a> dies at <a href="/wiki/Civita_Castellana" title="Civita Castellana">Civita Castellana</a> after a 20-year reign in opposition to the legitimate popes <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_III" title="Pope Victor III">Victor III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_II" title="Pope Urban II">Urban II</a>. Supporters of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> choose <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Theodoric" title="Antipope Theodoric">Theodoric</a> as his successor.</li> <li>November – The council of Poitiers decrees that the followers of <a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Arbrissel" title="Robert of Arbrissel">Robert of Arbrissel</a> have to settle down and live under a rule, leading to the foundation of <a href="/wiki/Fontevraud_Abbey" title="Fontevraud Abbey">Fontevraud Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_(Archbishop_of_Cologne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I (Archbishop of Cologne)">Frederick I</a> becomes archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, and begins the construction of the castle of Volmarstein.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Stift_St._Georgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Stift St. Georgen">Stift St. Georgen</a> Abbey is founded near <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Georgen_am_L%C3%A4ngsee" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankt Georgen am Längsee">Sankt Georgen am Längsee</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>).</li> <li>The Diocese of <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe</a> is founded (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Sports_and_games"> Sports and games</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1100&action=edit&section=T-9" title="Edit section: Sports and games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draughts" class="mw-redirect" title="Draughts">Checkers</a> is invented (approximate date).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1101">1101</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1101" title="1101">1101</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1101&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1101&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_2"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1101&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1101&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_1101" title="Crusade of 1101">Crusade of 1101</a> – A second wave of European crusaders attempts to cross <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, to reach the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a>. They are defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq dynasty">Seljuk</a> troops under Sultan <a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_I" title="Kilij Arslan I">Kilij Arslan I</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Cybistra" title="Heraclea Cybistra">Heraclea</a>. A handful of crusaders under <a href="/wiki/Raymond_IV,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse">Raymond IV</a> manage to reach the Byzantine port of <a href="/wiki/Bafra" title="Bafra">Bafra</a>, at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l%C4%B1rmak_River" title="Kızılırmak River">River Halys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Summer – The Byzantine fleet under Admiral <a href="/wiki/Eustathios_Kymineianos" title="Eustathios Kymineianos">Eustathios</a> recaptures the ports of western <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seleucia" title="Seleucia">Seleucia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corycus" title="Corycus">Corycus</a>. Eustathios extends his power over Cilician territory (belonging to <a href="/wiki/Bohemond_I_of_Antioch" title="Bohemond I of Antioch">Bohemond I</a>) further east – occupying <a href="/wiki/Tarsus,_Mersin" title="Tarsus, Mersin">Tarsus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mopsuestia" title="Mopsuestia">Mamistra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Levant_2"> Levant</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1101&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – King <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin I</a> concludes an alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese</a> fleet, offering them commercial privileges and booty. He captures the towns of <a href="/wiki/Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsuf">Arsuf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a>. Baldwin's crusaders pillage Caesarea and massacre the majority of the local population.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramla_(1101)" title="Battle of Ramla (1101)">Battle of Ramla</a>: A Crusader force (some 1,100 men) under Baldwin I defeats the invading <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimids</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>). Baldwin plunders the Fatimid camp and the survivors flee to <a href="/wiki/Ascalon" title="Ascalon">Ascalon</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_2"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1101&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roger_I_of_Sicily" title="Roger I of Sicily">Roger I</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Sicily" title="County of Sicily">Sicily</a>, dies at <a href="/wiki/Mileto" title="Mileto">Mileto</a> in <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> after a 30-year reign. He is succeeded by his 8-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Simon_of_Sicily" title="Simon of Sicily">Simon of Hauteville</a>, while his mother, <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_del_Vasto" title="Adelaide del Vasto">Adelaide del Vasto</a>, acts as his <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a>.</li> <li>Summer – Almoravid forces under Sultan <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a> besiege <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, which is defended by <a href="/wiki/Jimena_D%C3%ADaz" title="Jimena Díaz">Jimena Díaz</a>, widow of <a href="/wiki/El_Cid" title="El Cid">Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar</a>. The city holds out until May <a href="/wiki/1102" title="1102">1102</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Autumn – Countess <a href="/wiki/Mathilda_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathilda of Tuscany">Mathilda of Tuscany</a> leads a successful expedition in northern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and takes <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a>.</li> <li>The county of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Berg" title="Duchy of Berg">Berg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> is established.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1101&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ranulf_Flambard" title="Ranulf Flambard">Ranulf Flambard</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Durham" title="Diocese of Durham">Durham</a>, escapes from the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a> and flees to <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a>. There he joins <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curthose" title="Robert Curthose">Robert Curthose</a>, duke of Normandy, who has just returned from the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – Robert Curthose lands at <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> with an army in an effort to take the English throne from his younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_timeline_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_timeline-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – By the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Alton" title="Treaty of Alton">Treaty of Alton</a>, ratified at <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>, Robert abandons his claim to the throne, recognising Henry as King of England.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_timeline_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_timeline-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_2"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1101&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Culture"> Culture</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1101&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A vast compilation of <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> writings is completed (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_2"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1101&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – Antipope <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Theodoric" title="Antipope Theodoric">Theodoric</a> dies, the partisans of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a> choose <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Adalbert" title="Antipope Adalbert">Adalbert</a> as the new antipope.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Canute_IV_of_Denmark" title="Canute IV of Denmark">Canute IV</a> of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> is <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonized</a> as a saint under the name San Canuto.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontevraud_Abbey" title="Fontevraud Abbey">Fontevraud Abbey</a> is founded by the French preacher <a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Arbrissel" title="Robert of Arbrissel">Robert of Arbrissel</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1102">1102</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1102" title="1102">1102</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1102&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1102&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_3"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1102&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Levant_3"> Levant</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1102&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – A Fatimid expeditionary force (some 20,000 men) invades <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> and launches attacks into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a>. The Crusaders defeat a Fatimid rearguard near <a href="/wiki/Ascalon" title="Ascalon">Ascalon</a>, and capture the city after a 3-year siege. The Crusaders capture <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea Maritima</a> with support of the Genoese fleet. A number of <a href="/wiki/Genoese_colonies" title="Genoese colonies">Genoese trading colonies</a> are established along the Mediterranean coast.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli" title="Siege of Tripoli">Siege of Tripoli</a>: The Crusaders under <a href="/wiki/Raymond_IV,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse">Raymond IV</a> begin the siege of <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Tripoli</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>). The garrison calls for assistance, but a Seljuk relief army from <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a> is defeated by Raymond.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramla_(1102)" title="Battle of Ramla (1102)">Battle of Ramla</a>: The Crusaders (500 knights) under King <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin I</a> are defeated by the Fatimid army at <a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>). Baldwin and his companions escape through the enemy lines to <a href="/wiki/Apollonia-Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia-Arsuf">Arsuf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – The Crusaders under Baldwin I break their way out of <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>, which is encircled by the Fatimid Army. A charge of the French cavalry breaks the enemy's ranks, and forces them to retreat to <a href="/wiki/Ascalon" title="Ascalon">Ascalon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Raymond IV is imprisoned by <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_Prince_of_Galilee" title="Tancred, Prince of Galilee">Tancred</a>, nephew of <a href="/wiki/Bohemond_I_of_Antioch" title="Bohemond I of Antioch">Bohemond I</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a> (he is later released after promising to denounce any claims).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_of_Pisa" title="Dagobert of Pisa">Dagobert of Pisa</a> is briefly deposed as <a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Patriarch of Jerusalem</a> (he is restored later in the year).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetians</a> establish a new trade emporium in <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a> (modern Lebanon).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_3"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1102&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – The short-lived principality created by <a href="/wiki/El_Cid" title="El Cid">Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar</a> ends: <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a> is captured by <a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid</a> forces under Sultan <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a>. It is later recaptured, evacuated and burned by King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VI_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VI of León and Castile">Alfonso VI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_I_Herman" title="Władysław I Herman">Władysław I Herman</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Poland</a>, dies at <a href="/wiki/P%C5%82ock" title="Płock">Płock</a> (possibly poisoned by his enemies) after a 23-year reign. He leaves the succession to be disputed between his sons <a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_of_Poland" title="Zbigniew of Poland">Zbigniew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_III_Wrymouth" title="Bolesław III Wrymouth">Bolesław III Wrymouth</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pacta_conventa_(Croatia)" title="Pacta conventa (Croatia)">Pacta Conventa</a> formed by the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_nobility" title="Croatian nobility">Croatian nobility</a>, recognize King <a href="/wiki/Coloman,_King_of_Hungary" title="Coloman, King of Hungary">Coloman</a> as their overlord, initiating the personal union between the two kingdoms. Coloman is crowned king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Croatia</a> (until <a href="/wiki/1116" title="1116">1116</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England_2"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1102&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a> captures <a href="/wiki/Arundel_Castle" title="Arundel Castle">Arundel Castle</a> after having besieged Earl <a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Bell%C3%AAme,_3rd_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury">Robert of Bellême</a>. Robert loses his English lands (as did his brothers <a href="/wiki/Roger_the_Poitevin" title="Roger the Poitevin">Roger the Poitevin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arnulf_de_Montgomery" title="Arnulf de Montgomery">Arnulf de Montgomery</a>) and is banished to <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_3"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1102&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_3"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1102&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_London_in_1102" title="Council of London in 1102">Council of London</a>: A church council convened by <a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Canterbury" title="Diocese of Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, bans <a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">sodomy</a> and the sale of Christian slaves to non-Christian countries, and reforms the <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a>.</li> <li>Henry I orders the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a> be opened; the body of the former king is supposedly found undecayed. The <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster</a> monks start to claim Edward as a saint.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1103">1103</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1103" title="1103">1103</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1103&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1103&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_4"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1103&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Levant_4"> Levant</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1103&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – <a href="/wiki/Bohemond_I_of_Antioch" title="Bohemond I of Antioch">Bohemond I</a>, Norman <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Antioch" title="Prince of Antioch">prince of Antioch</a>, is released from Seljuk imprisonment at <a href="/wiki/Niksar" title="Niksar">Niksar</a>, after a ransom is paid of 100,000 gold pieces. During his absence, <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_Prince_of_Galilee" title="Tancred, Prince of Galilee">Tancred</a> (Bohemond's nephew) attacks the Byzantines, and re-captures the cities of <a href="/wiki/Tarsus,_Mersin" title="Tarsus, Mersin">Tarsus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mopsuestia" title="Mopsuestia">Mamistra</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a>. Tancred is deprived of his lordship by Bohemond's return, and is rewarded with a small fief within the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Crusaders under <a href="/wiki/Raymond_IV,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse">Raymond IV</a> invade the <a href="/wiki/Beqaa_Valley" title="Beqaa Valley">Beqaa Valley</a> and capture <a href="/wiki/Tartus" title="Tartus">Tortosa</a> to isolate <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Tripoli</a>. Raymond expands towards the <a href="/wiki/Orontes_River" title="Orontes River">Orontes River</a>, and begins to build a castle on the <a href="/wiki/Citadel_of_Raymond_de_Saint-Gilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Citadel of Raymond de Saint-Gilles">Mons Peregrinus</a> which helps in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli" title="Siege of Tripoli">Siege of Tripoli</a> (see <a href="/wiki/1102" title="1102">1102</a>). Emperor <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I</a> supports the Crusaders by sending a Byzantine fleet (ten ships) to blockade the port of Tripoli.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Summer – The Crusaders led by Bohemond I and <a href="/wiki/Joscelin_I,_Count_of_Edessa" title="Joscelin I, Count of Edessa">Joscelin of Courtenay</a> raid the territory of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> to gain supplies. They capture the town of <a href="/wiki/Al-Muslimiyah" title="Al-Muslimiyah">Muslimiyah</a>, and extract a large <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a>. Sultan <a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Mulk_Radwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan">Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan</a>, the Seljuk ruler of Aleppo, agrees to pay 7,000 gold pieces and ten horses to the Crusaders while Bohemond agrees to release all Seljuk prisoners captured at Muslimiyah.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_4"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1103&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Barefoot" title="Magnus Barefoot">Magnus III</a> is killed in battle with the <a href="/wiki/Ulaid" title="Ulaid">Ulaid</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sigurd_the_Crusader" title="Sigurd the Crusader">Sigurd Jorsalfare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eystein_I_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Eystein I of Norway">Øystein Magnusson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Magnusson_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Olaf Magnusson of Norway">Olaf Magnusson</a> succeed him as joint kings of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">Norway</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1103&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Canterbury" title="Diocese of Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, again goes into <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exile</a> after a dispute with King <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a> over the appointment of bishops and abbots to important Church positions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland" title="Matilda of Scotland">Matilda of Scotland</a>, queen of England as wife of Henry I, gives birth to their first son <a href="/wiki/William_Adelin" title="William Adelin">William Adelin</a> at <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>. They already have a daughter, <a href="/wiki/Empress_Matilda" title="Empress Matilda">Princess Matilda</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="China_2"> China</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1103&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jie_(Song_dynasty)" title="Li Jie (Song dynasty)">Li Jie</a>, Chinese government minister, publishes his <i><a href="/wiki/Yingzao_Fashi" title="Yingzao Fashi">Yingzao Fashi</a></i> technical treatise on <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Architecture of the Song dynasty">Chinese architecture</a>, during the reign of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huizong_of_Song" title="Emperor Huizong of Song">Hui Zong</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song Dynasty</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_4"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1103&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_4"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1103&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Scandinavian city of <a href="/wiki/Lund" title="Lund">Lund</a> in the Swedish province of <a href="/wiki/Scania" title="Scania">Scania</a> becomes a see of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, namely the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Lund" title="Diocese of Lund">Archdiocese of Lund</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1104">1104</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1104" title="1104">1104</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1104&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1104&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_5"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1104&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_2"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1104&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Summer – The <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a> re-occupy the Cilician cities of <a href="/wiki/Tarsus,_Mersin" title="Tarsus, Mersin">Tarsus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mopsuestia" title="Mopsuestia">Mamistra</a>. A naval squadron, under Admiral <a href="/wiki/Kantakouzenos" title="Kantakouzenos">Cantacuzenus</a>, pursues in Cypriot waters a <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese</a> raiding fleet, and sails on to <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a>, where they capture the harbour and the lower city. <a href="/wiki/Bohemond_I_of_Antioch" title="Bohemond I of Antioch">Bohemond I</a> reinforces the garrison in the citadel.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Levant_5"> Levant</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1104&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – The Crusaders, led by Bohemond I, re-invade the territory of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, and try to capture the town of <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Latah" title="Kafr Latah">Kafar Latha</a>. The attack fails, owing to the resistance of the local <a href="/wiki/Banu_(Arabic)" title="Banu (Arabic)">Banu</a> tribe. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Joscelin_I,_Count_of_Edessa" title="Joscelin I, Count of Edessa">Joscelin of Courtenay</a> cuts the communications between Aleppo and the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harran" title="Battle of Harran">Battle of Harran</a>: The Crusaders under <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_II_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin II of Jerusalem">Baldwin II</a> are defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq dynasty">Seljuk Turks</a>. Baldwin and Joscelin of Courtenay are taken prisoner. <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_Prince_of_Galilee" title="Tancred, Prince of Galilee">Tancred</a> (nephew of Bohemond I) becomes <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Edessa" title="County of Edessa">Edessa</a>. The defeat at <a href="/wiki/Harran" title="Harran">Harran</a> marks a key turning point of Crusader expansion.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin I</a> captures <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>, the port is besieged from April, and blockaded by the Genoese and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisan</a> fleet. Baldwin promises a free passage to those who want to move to <a href="/wiki/Ascalon" title="Ascalon">Ascalon</a>, but the Italian sailors plunder the wealthy Muslim emigrants and kill many of them.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Autumn – Bohemond I departs to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italy</a> for reinforcements. He takes with him gold and silver, and precious stuff to raise an army against Emperor <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a>. Tancred becomes co-ruler over <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Antioch</a> – and appoints his brother-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Salerno" title="Richard of Salerno">Richard of Salerno</a>, as his deputy.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toghtekin" title="Toghtekin">Toghtekin</a>, Seljuk ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">atabeg</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, founds a short-lived principality in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> (the first example of a series of Seljuk-ruled dynasties).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England_3"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1104&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert" title="Cuthbert">St. Cuthbert</a> is reburied in <a href="/wiki/Durham_Cathedral" title="Durham Cathedral">Durham Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_5"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1104&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_the_Battler" title="Alfonso the Battler">Alfonso I</a> becomes king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a> (after the death of his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Aragon_and_Pamplona" title="Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona">Peter I</a>).</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/David_IV_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="David IV of Georgia">David IV</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgia</a> defeats 100,000 Seljuk Turks with only 1,500 warriors (approximate date).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Sultan <a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_I" title="Kilij Arslan I">Kilij Arslan I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a> starts a war with the <a href="/wiki/Danishmendids" title="Danishmendids">Danishmendids</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Arsenal" title="Venetian Arsenal">Venetian Arsenal</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_5"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1104&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_5"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1104&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – The new basilica at <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9zelay_Abbey" title="Vézelay Abbey">Vézelay Abbey</a> (located in northern <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>) is dedicated.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Volcanology"> Volcanology</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1104&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Volcanology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Autumn – The volcano <a href="/wiki/Hekla" title="Hekla">Hekla</a> erupts in <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Commonwealth" title="Icelandic Commonwealth">Iceland</a> and devastates farms for 45 miles (some 70 km) around.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1105">1105</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1105" title="1105">1105</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1105&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1105&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_6"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1105&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Levant_6"> Levant</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1105&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raymond_IV,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse">Raymond IV</a> dies at his castle of <a href="/wiki/Citadel_of_Raymond_de_Saint-Gilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Citadel of Raymond de Saint-Gilles">Mons Peregrinus</a> ("Pilgrim's Mountain") near <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Tripoli</a>. Raymond leaves his 2-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Jordan" title="Alfonso Jordan">Alfonso I</a> by his third wife, <a href="/wiki/Elvira_of_Castile,_Countess_of_Toulouse" title="Elvira of Castile, Countess of Toulouse">Elvira of Castile</a>, to rule the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">County of Tripoli</a>. Raymond's nephew <a href="/wiki/William_II_Jordan" title="William II Jordan">William-Jordan</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Cerdanya" title="County of Cerdanya">Cerdagne</a>, becomes <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> over Alfonso. <a href="/wiki/Bertrand,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Bertrand, Count of Toulouse">Bertrand</a>, the eldest son of Raymond, inherits the title 'Count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Toulouse" title="County of Toulouse">Toulouse</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artah" title="Battle of Artah">Battle of Artah</a>: The Crusaders under <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_Prince_of_Galilee" title="Tancred, Prince of Galilee">Tancred</a>, Norman prince and regent of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Antioch</a>, defeat a Seljuk army (some 7,000 men) at <a href="/wiki/Artah" title="Artah">Artah</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Reyhanl%C4%B1" title="Reyhanlı">Reyhanlı</a>). Tancred threatens <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, capital of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Mulk_Radwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan">Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan</a>, and expands his conquest by conquering more territory east of the <a href="/wiki/Orontes_River" title="Orontes River">Orontes River</a> with minor opposition.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramla_(1105)" title="Battle of Ramla (1105)">Battle of Ramla</a>: The Crusaders under King <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin I</a> defeat a Fatimid expeditionary force (some 15,000 men) at <a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a>. Baldwin pillages the enemy camp – but does not further pursue the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimids</a>. The battle ends in the last large-scale attempt of the Fatimids to reconquer <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_6"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1105&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Almoravid" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravid">Almoravid</a> emir, <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a>, sends a maritime expedition to Palestine from <a href="/wiki/Sevilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevilla">Sevilla</a> to ward off the Crusaders and perhaps to reconquer <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. The fleet of about seventy ships rushes into a storm in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, and is never seen again.<sup id="cite_ref-lameretlesmusulmans_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lameretlesmusulmans-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemond_I_of_Antioch" title="Bohemond I of Antioch">Bohemond I</a>, Norman prince of Antioch, arrives in <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> (Southern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>) after an absence of 9 years. He travels to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and meets <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Pope Paschal II</a>. His cousin, <a href="/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" title="Roger II of Sicily">Roger II</a> becomes count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Sicily" title="County of Sicily">Sicily</a>.</li> <li>Autumn – Bohemond I and papal legate Bruno travel to the north of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and visit the court of King <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_France" title="Philip I of France">Philip I</a> ("the Amorous"). Bohemond gets permission to recruit men throughout the kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inge_the_Elder" title="Inge the Elder">Inge the Elder</a> dies and is succeeded by his nephew <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Sweden" title="Philip of Sweden">Philip</a> as ruler of <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. He and his brother <a href="/wiki/Inge_the_Younger" title="Inge the Younger">Inge the Younger</a> rule the kingdom together (until the death of Philip in <a href="/wiki/1118" title="1118">1118</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, is deposed by his son <a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a> (who is king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Germany</a>). Henry is forced to resign his crown and is imprisoned in the castle of <a href="/wiki/Waldb%C3%B6ckelheim" title="Waldböckelheim">Böckelheim</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England_4"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1105&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Summer – King <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a>, takes <a href="/wiki/Bayeux" title="Bayeux">Bayeux</a> (after a short siege) and <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a>. He advances on <a href="/wiki/Falaise,_Calvados" title="Falaise, Calvados">Falaise</a>, and starts inconclusive peace negotiations with Duke <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curthose" title="Robert Curthose">Robert II</a>. Henry withdraws to deal with political issues at home.</li> <li>Henry I meets <a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Canterbury" title="Diocese of Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, under threat of excommunication at <a href="/wiki/L%27Aigle" title="L'Aigle">L'Aigle</a> in Normandy to settle their disputes that has led to Anselm's exile from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> (see <a href="/wiki/1103" title="1103">1103</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Seljuk_Empire"> Seljuk Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1105&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Seljuk Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sultan <a href="/wiki/Barkiyaruq" class="mw-redirect" title="Barkiyaruq">Barkiyaruq</a> dies in <a href="/wiki/Borujerd" title="Borujerd">Borujerd</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>) after a 13-year reign. He is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Malik-Shah_II" title="Malik-Shah II">Malik-Shah II</a>, but is deposed and killed by his uncle <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_Tapar" title="Muhammad I Tapar">Muhammad I</a>. Muhammad becomes ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a>, but his brother <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sanjar" title="Ahmad Sanjar">Ahmad Sanjar</a> (Seljuk ruler of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>) holds more power as co-ruler.</li> <li>Autumn – <a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_I" title="Kilij Arslan I">Kilij Arslan I</a>, sultan of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a>, leads a Seljuk expedition to take over <a href="/wiki/Malatya" title="Malatya">Melitene</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>). He attempts to capture <a href="/wiki/Edessa" title="Edessa">Edessa</a>, but the Crusader fortress is too strongly defended by its garrison. Kilij Arslan then moves on to <a href="/wiki/Harran" title="Harran">Harran</a>, which surrenders to him.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1105&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Tamna" title="Tamna">Tamna Kingdom</a> is annexed by the Korean <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo Dynasty</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_6"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1105&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_6"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1105&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Winter – <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Sylvester_IV" title="Antipope Sylvester IV">Sylvester IV</a> is elected as antipope in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> by members of the Roman <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">aristocracy</a>, with support of Henry V.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1106">1106</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1106" title="1106">1106</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1106&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1106&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_7"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1106&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_7"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1106&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – <a href="/wiki/Bohemond_I_of_Antioch" title="Bohemond I of Antioch">Bohemond I</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Antioch</a>, marries <a href="/wiki/Constance_of_France,_Princess_of_Antioch" title="Constance of France, Princess of Antioch">Constance of France</a> (daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_France" title="Philip I of France">Philip I</a>) in the cathedral of <a href="/wiki/Chartres" title="Chartres">Chartres</a>. Philip agrees to marry his second daughter, the 9-year-old <a href="/wiki/Cecile_of_France" title="Cecile of France">Cecile of France</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_Prince_of_Galilee" title="Tancred, Prince of Galilee">Tancred</a> (nephew of Bohemond). Meanwhile, Bohemond mobilises an expeditionary force (some 30,000 men) to begin a campaign against Emperor <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a> escapes his captors at <a href="/wiki/Ingelheim_am_Rhein" title="Ingelheim am Rhein">Ingelheim</a>. He enters into negotiations at <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> with English, French and Danish noblemen, and begins to collect an army to oppose his son <a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a> but dies at <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a> after a 49-year reign. Henry leads a successful expedition against Count <a href="/wiki/Robert_II,_Count_of_Flanders" title="Robert II, Count of Flanders">Robert II</a> of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a> and is forced to swear his <a href="/wiki/Allegiance" title="Allegiance">allegiance</a> to him.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tinchebray" title="Battle of Tinchebray">Battle of Tinchebray</a>: King <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a> defeats and imprisons his older brother <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curthose" title="Robert Curthose">Robert II</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Devizes_Castle" title="Devizes Castle">Devizes Castle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Atheling" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar Atheling">Edgar Atheling</a> (uncle of Henry's wife) and the 3-year-old <a href="/wiki/William_Clito" title="William Clito">William Clito</a>, son of Robert, are also taken prisoner. Henry places his nephew William in the custody of <a href="/wiki/Helias_of_Saint-Saens" class="mw-redirect" title="Helias of Saint-Saens">Helias of Saint-Saens</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/Arques-la-Bataille" title="Arques-la-Bataille">Arques</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Autumn – Bohemond I returns to <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> (Southern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>) with an expeditionary force to prepare an offensive against the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>. He is accompanied by his newlywed wife Constance (who is pregnant by him) and followers.</li> <li>Sultan <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a> dies after a 45-year reign. He is succeeded by his 22-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Yusuf" title="Ali ibn Yusuf">Ali ibn Yusuf</a> as ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid Empire</a>. Ali appoints his brother Tamin ibn Yusuf as governor of <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_III_Wrymouth" title="Bolesław III Wrymouth">Bolesław III</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1025%E2%80%931385)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)">Poland</a>, begins a civil war against his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_of_Poland" title="Zbigniew of Poland">Zbigniew</a>, for control over <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland" title="Lesser Poland">Lesser Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a>.</li> <li>The city of <a href="/wiki/Balaguer" title="Balaguer">Balaguer</a> (located in <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>) is conquered from the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ermengol_VI,_Count_of_Urgell" class="mw-redirect" title="Ermengol VI, Count of Urgell">Ermengol VI</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Urgell" title="County of Urgell">Urgell</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_2"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1106&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_of_Salisbury" title="Roger of Salisbury">Roger le Poer</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Salisbury" title="Diocese of Salisbury">Salisbury</a>, is granted land in south <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> by Henry I. He starts the construction of <a href="/wiki/Kidwelly_Castle" title="Kidwelly Castle">Kidwelly Castle</a> on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/River_Gwendraeth" title="River Gwendraeth">river Gwendraeth</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Erlendsson,_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney">Magnus Erlendsson</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Orkney" title="Earl of Orkney">Earl of Orkney</a> (until <a href="/wiki/1115" title="1115">1115</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_7"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1106&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Astronomy"> Astronomy</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1106&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Astronomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comet</a> (the <a href="/wiki/X/1106_C1" title="X/1106 C1">Great Comet of 1106</a>) is seen and reported by several civilisations around the world. Lasting for 40 days, the comet grows steadily in brightness until finally fading away.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1107">1107</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1107" title="1107">1107</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1107&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1107&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_8"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1107&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Scotland"> Scotland</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1107&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Edgar,_King_of_Scotland" title="Edgar, King of Scotland">Edgar</a> dies at <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Castle" title="Edinburgh Castle">Edinburgh Castle</a> after a 9-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Scotland" title="Alexander I of Scotland">Alexander I</a>, who is married to <a href="/wiki/Sybilla_of_Normandy" title="Sybilla of Normandy">Sybilla of Normandy</a> (an illegitimate daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a>). A split of unity, between Alexander and his younger brother <a href="/wiki/David_I_of_Scotland" title="David I of Scotland">David I</a>, makes David co-ruler in <a href="/wiki/Lothian" title="Lothian">Lothian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strathclyde" title="Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a> (Southern <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a>). He does not receive the title of king, but of "Prince of the <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbrians</a>".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England_5"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1107&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a> is resolved, by the reconciliation of Henry I and <a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Canterbury" title="Diocese of Canterbury">Canterbury</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barlow_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barlow-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the mass consecration of bishops<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Anselm at the royal <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster#History" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Giffard" title="William Giffard">William Giffard</a> to <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Winchester" title="Diocese of Winchester">Winchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_of_Salisbury" title="Roger of Salisbury">Roger</a> to <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Salisbury" title="Diocese of Salisbury">Salisbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reynelm" title="Reynelm">Reynelm</a> to <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Hereford" title="Diocese of Hereford">Hereford</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Warelwast" title="William Warelwast">William Warelwast</a> to <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Exeter" title="Diocese of Exeter">Exeter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urban_(bishop_of_Llandaff)" title="Urban (bishop of Llandaff)">Urban</a> to <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Llandaff" title="Diocese of Llandaff">Llandaff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barlow_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barlow-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Roger_of_Salisbury" title="Roger of Salisbury">Roger of Salisbury</a> is also appointed <a href="/wiki/Justiciar" title="Justiciar">Justiciar</a> in this year.<sup id="cite_ref-CBH_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBH-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_8"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1107&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – Duke <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_III_Wrymouth" title="Bolesław III Wrymouth">Bolesław III</a> along with his ally King <a href="/wiki/Coloman,_King_of_Hungary" title="Coloman, King of Hungary">Coloman</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a>, invades <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bohemia" title="Duchy of Bohemia">Bohemia</a> in order to aid Duke <a href="/wiki/Svatopluk,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Svatopluk, Duke of Bohemia">Svatopluk</a> in gaining the Bohemian throne. The Polish expedition is a complete success: on <a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> Svatopluk is installed as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bohemian_monarchs" title="List of Bohemian monarchs">Duke of Bohemia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>. King <a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a> demands <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a> from Svatopluk as his overlord and <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.</li> <li>Autumn – King <a href="/wiki/Sigurd_the_Crusader" title="Sigurd the Crusader">Sigurd I</a> sails for the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> with 60 ships (with some 5,000 men) on the first stage of the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Crusade" title="Norwegian Crusade">Norwegian Crusade</a> to <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>. Now 17, he is the first European king to support the Crusaders in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>. Sigurd leaves his older brother <a href="/wiki/Eystein_I_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Eystein I of Norway">Eystein I</a> to rule the kingdom in his absence – and visits <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Galicia</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Sicily" title="County of Sicily">Sicily</a> en route.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bohemond_I_of_Antioch" title="Bohemond I of Antioch">Bohemond I</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Antioch</a>, lands with his army (some 34,000 men) in <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a> near <a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB" title="Vlorë">Avlona</a>. He plunders the countryside and marches to <a href="/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs" title="Durrës">Dyrrhachium</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>).</li> <li>November – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dyrrhachium_(1107%E2%80%931108)" title="Siege of Dyrrhachium (1107–1108)">Siege of Dyrrhachium</a>: Bohemond I begins the siege of the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic</a> port city of Dyrrhachium held by its <i> <a href="/wiki/Dux" title="Dux">doux</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Alexios_Komnenos_(governor_of_Dyrrhachium)" title="Alexios Komnenos (governor of Dyrrhachium)">Alexios Komnenos</a>.</li> <li>Winter – Bolesław III undertakes a punitive expedition against his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_of_Poland" title="Zbigniew of Poland">Zbigniew</a> with the help of <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan</a> and Hungarian allies.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saracen" title="Saracen">Saracen</a> pirates raid the <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9rins_Abbey" title="Lérins Abbey">monastery of Saint Honorat</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9rins_Islands" title="Lérins Islands">Lérins Islands</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Levant_7"> Levant</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1107&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>June – <a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_I" title="Kilij Arslan I">Kilij Arslan I</a>, sultan of <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a>, conquers <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a> (during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(1107)" title="Battle of Mosul (1107)">Battle of Mosul</a>). But he is defeated and killed by Seljuk forces under <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_Tapar" title="Muhammad I Tapar">Muhammad I Tapar</a> supported by the <a href="/wiki/Artuqids" title="Artuqids">Ortoqids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Mulk_Radwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan">Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Crusaders under <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_Prince_of_Galilee" title="Tancred, Prince of Galilee">Tancred</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Galilee" title="Principality of Galilee">Galilee</a>, recover the Cilician cities of <a href="/wiki/Tarsus,_Mersin" title="Tarsus, Mersin">Tarsus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mopsuestia" title="Mopsuestia">Mamistra</a> conquered by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I</a> 3-years ago (see <a href="/wiki/1104" title="1104">1104</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joscelin_I,_Count_of_Edessa" title="Joscelin I, Count of Edessa">Joscelin I</a>, lord of <a href="/wiki/Turbessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbessel">Turbessel</a>, is released by <a href="/wiki/Ilghazi" title="Ilghazi">Ilghazi</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Artuqids" title="Artuqids">Artukid</a> ruler of <a href="/wiki/Mardin" title="Mardin">Mardin</a>) for a ransom of 20,000 dinars and the promise of military aid.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Emir <a href="/wiki/Fadl_ibn_Rabi%27ah" title="Fadl ibn Rabi'ah">Fadl ibn Rabi'ah</a> is expelled by <a href="/wiki/Toghtekin" title="Toghtekin">Toghtekin</a>, ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">atabeg</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_2"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1107&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Horikawa" title="Emperor Horikawa">Horikawa</a> dies after a 20-year reign and is succeeded by his 4-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Toba" title="Emperor Toba">Toba</a> as emperor of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_8"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1107&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Commerce"> Commerce</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1107&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Commerce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chinese authorities print paper money in three colors to thwart <a href="/wiki/Counterfeit" title="Counterfeit">counterfeiting</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Literature"> Literature</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1107&action=edit&section=T-9" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huizong_of_Song" title="Emperor Huizong of Song">Hui Zong</a> writes his <i><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_Tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Treatise on Tea">Treatise on Tea</a></i>, the most detailed description of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> sophisticated style of <a href="/wiki/Tea_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Tea ceremony">tea ceremony</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1108">1108</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1108" title="1108">1108</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1108&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1108&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_9"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1108&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_9"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1108&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – King <a href="/wiki/Sigurd_the_Crusader" title="Sigurd the Crusader">Sigurd I</a> sails from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Crusade" title="Norwegian Crusade">Norwegian Crusade</a> to <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>. He repels a Muslim fleet near the <a href="/wiki/Tagus_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagus River">Tagus River</a>, then attacks <a href="/wiki/Sintra" title="Sintra">Sintra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1cer_do_Sal" title="Alcácer do Sal">Alcácer do Sal</a>, and finally defeats a second Muslim fleet further south.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ucl%C3%A9s_(1108)" title="Battle of Uclés (1108)">Battle of Uclés</a>: <a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid</a> forces defeat the armies of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a>. The advance of the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a> is halted, and the Berbers re-capture the towns of <a href="/wiki/Ucl%C3%A9s" title="Uclés">Uclés</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuenca,_Spain" title="Cuenca, Spain">Cuenca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huete,_Spain" title="Huete, Spain">Huete</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oca%C3%B1a,_Spain" title="Ocaña, Spain">Ocaña</a>. The Christians, many of <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a>, are beheaded.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_France" title="Philip I of France">Philip I</a> dies at <a href="/wiki/Melun" title="Melun">Melun</a>, after a 48-year reign. He is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Louis_VI_of_France" title="Louis VI of France">Louis VI</a>, who, at the start of his rule, faces insurrections from feudal brigands and rebellious <a href="/wiki/Robber_baron_(feudalism)" title="Robber baron (feudalism)">robber barons</a>.</li> <li>September – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dyrrhachium_(1107%E2%80%931108)" title="Siege of Dyrrhachium (1107–1108)">Siege of Dyrrhachium</a>: Italo-Norman forces under <a href="/wiki/Bohemond_I_of_Antioch" title="Bohemond I of Antioch">Bohemond I</a> lift the siege due to illness and lack of supplies. Bohemond becomes a vassal of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> by signing the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Devol" title="Treaty of Devol">Treaty of Devol</a>.</li> <li>Autumn – The <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Nitra" title="Principality of Nitra">Principality of Nitra</a> ceases to exist, after King <a href="/wiki/Coloman,_King_of_Hungary" title="Coloman, King of Hungary">Coloman</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a>, deposes its last ruler, <a href="/wiki/Prince_%C3%81lmos" title="Prince Álmos">Álmos</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Croatia</a>.</li> <li>The consuls of <a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a> are first mentioned, indicating that the city has become an independent <a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">commune</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> (Northern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Levant_8"> Levant</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1108&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Summer – <a href="/wiki/Jawali_Saqawa" title="Jawali Saqawa">Jawali Saqawa</a>, Turkish ruler of <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>, accepts a ransom of 30,000 dinar by Count <a href="/wiki/Joscelin_I,_Count_of_Edessa" title="Joscelin I, Count of Edessa">Joscelin I</a> and releases his cousin <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_II_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin II of Jerusalem">Baldwin II</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Edessa" title="County of Edessa">Edessa</a>, who is held as prisoner (see <a href="/wiki/1104" title="1104">1104</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin I</a> marches out against <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a>, with the support of a squadron of sailor-adventurers from various Italian cities. A <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a> fleet from <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> defeats the Italians in a sea-battle outside the harbour.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_3"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1108&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Taira_clan" title="Taira clan">Taira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_clan" title="Minamoto clan">Minamoto</a> clans join forces to rule Japan, after defeating the warrior monks of the <a href="/wiki/Enryaku-ji" title="Enryaku-ji">Enryaku-ji</a> temple near <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>. The Taira replace many <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_clan" title="Fujiwara clan">Fujiwara</a> nobles in important offices – while the Minamoto gain more military experience by bringing parts of Northern <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a> under Japanese control (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_9"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1108&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_7"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1108&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chichester_Cathedral" title="Chichester Cathedral">Chichester Cathedral</a> is consecrated under <a href="/wiki/Ralph_de_Luffa" title="Ralph de Luffa">Ralph de Luffa</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Chichester" title="Diocese of Chichester">Chichester</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>.</li> <li>Construction begins on the tower of <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Cathedral" title="Winchester Cathedral">Winchester Cathedral</a>, building continues until <a href="/wiki/1120" title="1120">1120</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistoia_Cathedral" title="Pistoia Cathedral">Pistoia Cathedral</a> in Italy is damaged by a severe fire.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – Restored <a href="/wiki/Ferentino_Cathedral" title="Ferentino Cathedral">Ferentino Cathedral</a> in Italy is consecrated.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1109">1109</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1109" title="1109">1109</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1109&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1109&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_10">By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1109&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Levant_9"> Levant</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1109&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli" title="Siege of Tripoli">Siege of Tripoli</a>: After a 7-year siege (supported by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese</a> fleet), <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Tripoli</a> falls to the Crusaders. <a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Mulk_ibn_Ammar" title="Fakhr al-Mulk ibn Ammar">Fakhr al-Mulk ibn Ammar</a>, qadi of Tripoli, submits to <a href="/wiki/Bertrand,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Bertrand, Count of Toulouse">Bertrand of Toulouse</a> (the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Raymond_IV,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse">Raymond IV</a>). He establishes the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">County of Tripoli</a>, the fourth <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. Raymond's nephew <a href="/wiki/William_II_Jordan" title="William II Jordan">William II Jordan</a> dies of an arrow wound sustained during the siege, leaving Bertrand as its sole ruler.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_10"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1109&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Summer – <a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid</a> emir <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Yusuf" title="Ali ibn Yusuf">Ali ibn Yusuf</a> organizes a public ritual of <a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">penance</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Auto-da-f%C3%A9" title="Auto-da-fé">auto-da-fé</a></i>) of the works of <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a>, in front of the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral%E2%80%93Mosque_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral–Mosque of Córdoba">Great Mosque of Cordoba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Urraca_of_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Urraca of León">Urraca of León</a> becomes queen of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Galicia</a> after the death of her father, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VI_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VI of León and Castile">King Alfonso VI</a>, making her the first European queen regnant. She marries <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_the_Battler" title="Alfonso the Battler">Alfonso I</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nak%C5%82o" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Nakło">Battle of Nakło</a>: <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_III_Wrymouth" title="Bolesław III Wrymouth">Bolesław III</a> leads an expedition into <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a>. He besieges the castle of <a href="/wiki/Nak%C5%82o_nad_Noteci%C4%85" title="Nakło nad Notecią">Nakło</a> and defeats a Pomeranian relief force.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Siege of Głogów">Siege of Głogów</a>: German forces led by King <a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a> besiege <a href="/wiki/G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Głogów">Głogów</a>. He is forced to abandon the siege – due to attacks of Polish <a href="/wiki/Guerilla_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerilla warfare">guerilla</a> warriors.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hundsfeld" title="Battle of Hundsfeld">Battle of Hundsfeld</a>: Bolesław III defeats the imperial forces under Henry V at <a href="/wiki/Psie_Pole" title="Psie Pole">Hundsfeld</a>. The Germans are ambushed by the Polish forces.</li></ul></li> <li>The Almoravid army, led by Ali ibn Yusuf, fails to reconquer <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a> (lost in <a href="/wiki/1085" title="1085">1085</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_10"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1109&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Education"> Education</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1109&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Laon" title="Anselm of Laon">Anselm of Laon</a>, French monk and <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theologian</a>, becomes <a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">chancellor</a> of the cathedral at <a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significant_people">Significant people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1100s_(decade)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Significant people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Song" title="Su Song">Su Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustazhir" title="Al-Mustazhir">Al-Mustazhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkyaruq" title="Berkyaruq">Berkyaruq</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/1100" title="1100">1100</a>, <a href="/wiki/1101" title="1101">1101</a>, <a href="/wiki/1102" title="1102">1102</a>, <a href="/wiki/1103" title="1103">1103</a>, <a href="/wiki/1104" title="1104">1104</a>, <a href="/wiki/1105" title="1105">1105</a>, <a href="/wiki/1106" title="1106">1106</a>, <a href="/wiki/1107" title="1107">1107</a>, <a href="/wiki/1108" title="1108">1108</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1109" title="1109">1109</a></div> <p><b>1100</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Judith_of_Bavaria,_Duchess_of_Swabia" title="Judith of Bavaria, Duchess of Swabia">Judith of Bavaria</a>, duchess of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Swabia" title="Duchy of Swabia">Swabia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1130" title="1130">1130</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Qinzong" title="Emperor Qinzong">Qin Zong</a>, Chinese emperor (d. <a href="/wiki/1161" title="1161">1161</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achard_of_Saint_Victor" title="Achard of Saint Victor">Achard of Saint Victor</a>, Norman bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1171" title="1171">1171</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_IV" title="Pope Adrian IV">Adrian IV</a>, pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1159" title="1159">1159</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_the_Bear" title="Albert the Bear">Albert I</a> (the Bear), margrave of <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1170" title="1170">1170</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III" title="Pope Alexander III">Alexander III</a>, pope of the Catholic Church (d. <a href="/wiki/1181" title="1181">1181</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Havelberg" title="Anselm of Havelberg">Anselm of Havelberg</a>, German bishop (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_I_of_Cologne" title="Arnold I of Cologne">Arnold I</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cologne" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne">Cologne</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_II_von_Berg" title="Bruno II von Berg">Bruno II of Berg</a>, archbishop of Cologne (d. <a href="/wiki/1137" title="1137">1137</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biddenden_Maids" title="Biddenden Maids">Eliza and Mary Chulkhurst</a>, English <a href="/wiki/Conjoined_twins" title="Conjoined twins">conjoined twins</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1134" title="1134">1134</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvira_of_Castile,_Queen_of_Sicily" title="Elvira of Castile, Queen of Sicily">Elvira of Castile</a>, queen consort of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke">Gilbert de Clare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Earl of Pembroke">1st Earl of Pembroke</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1148" title="1148">1148</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lo%C3%AFse" class="mw-redirect" title="Héloïse">Héloïse</a> d'Argenteuil, French <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">abbess</a> and scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1162" title="1162">1162</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_of_Carinthia" title="Herman of Carinthia">Herman of Carinthia</a>, German astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1160" title="1160">1160</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillin_of_Falmagne" title="Hillin of Falmagne">Hillin of Falmagne</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Trier" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier">Trier</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1169" title="1169">1169</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Aflah" title="Jabir ibn Aflah">Jabir ibn Aflah</a>, Arab <a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">astronomer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematics in medieval Islam">mathematician</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1150" title="1150">1150</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Meda" title="John of Meda">John of Meda</a>, Italian monk and <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> (d. 1159)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Idrisi" title="Muhammad al-Idrisi">Muhammad al-Idrisi</a>, Almoravid <a href="/wiki/Geography_and_cartography_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography and cartography in medieval Islam">geographer</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1165" title="1165">1165</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd" title="Owain Gwynedd">Owain Gwynedd</a>, Welsh king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbeinu_Tam" title="Rabbeinu Tam">Jacob ben Meir Tam</a>, French Jewish <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> (d. 1171)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Beaumont,_2nd_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester">Robert de Beaumont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Leicester" title="Earl of Leicester">2nd Earl Leicester</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1168" title="1168">1168</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Ferrers,_2nd_Earl_of_Derby" title="Robert de Ferrers, 2nd Earl of Derby">Robert de Ferrers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Derby" title="Earl of Derby">2nd Earl of Derby</a> (d. 1162)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Melun" title="Robert of Melun">Robert of Melun</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Hereford" title="Diocese of Hereford">Hereford</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1167" title="1167">1167</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Newminster" title="Robert of Newminster">Robert of Newminster</a>, English abbot (d. 1159)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teobaldo_Roggeri" title="Teobaldo Roggeri">Teobaldo Roggeri</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Shoemaking" title="Shoemaking">shoemaker</a> (d. 1150)</li></ul> <p><b>1101</b> </p> <ul><li>September – <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Bashkuwal" title="Ibn Bashkuwal">Ibn Bashkuwal</a>, Andalusian biographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1183" title="1183">1183</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Bayan_ibn_al-Mudawwar" title="Abu al-Bayan ibn al-Mudawwar">Abu al-Bayan ibn al-Mudawwar</a>, Jewish physician (d. <a href="/wiki/1184" title="1184">1184</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arslan_Shah_I" title="Arslan Shah I">Arslan Shah I</a>, Seljuk sultan of <a href="/wiki/Kerman" title="Kerman">Kerman</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1142" title="1142">1142</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaldus" title="Artaldus">Artaldus</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Belley-Ars" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Belley-Ars">Belly-Ars</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1206" title="1206">1206</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Tamako" title="Fujiwara no Tamako">Fujiwara no Tamako</a>, Japanese empress consort (d. <a href="/wiki/1145" title="1145">1145</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_of_Sk%C3%B6vde" title="Helena of Skövde">Helena of Skövde</a>, Swedish <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">noblewoman</a> and saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1160" title="1160">1160</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_II_of_Hungary" title="Stephen II of Hungary">Stephen II</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Croatia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1131" title="1131">1131</a>), and his twin Ladislaus</li></ul> <p><b>1102</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Empress_Matilda" title="Empress Matilda">Matilda</a>, Holy Roman Empress (d. <a href="/wiki/1167" title="1167">1167</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Clito" title="William Clito">William Clito</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1128" title="1128">1128</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chekawa_Yeshe_Dorje" title="Chekawa Yeshe Dorje">Chekawa Yeshe Dorje</a>, Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> monk (d. <a href="/wiki/1176" title="1176">1176</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Champagne" title="Eleanor of Champagne">Eleanor of Champagne</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">noblewoman</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1147" title="1147">1147</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilla_na_Naemh_Ua_Duinn" title="Gilla na Naemh Ua Duinn">Gilla na Naemh Ua Duinn</a>, Irish <a href="/wiki/Irish_poetry" title="Irish poetry">poet</a> and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1160" title="1160">1160</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Margrave_of_the_Nordmark" title="Henry II, Margrave of the Nordmark">Henry II</a>, margrave of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_March" title="Northern March">Northern March</a> (d. 1128)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kl%C3%A6ngur_%C3%9Eorsteinsson" title="Klængur Þorsteinsson">Klængur Þorsteinsson</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A1lholt" title="Skálholt">Skálholt</a> (d. 1176)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Hongyu" title="Liang Hongyu">Liang Hongyu</a>, Chinese general (d. <a href="/wiki/1135" title="1135">1135</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerses_IV_the_Gracious" title="Nerses IV the Gracious">Nerses IV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_All_Armenians" title="Catholicos of All Armenians">Catholicos of Armenia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1173" title="1173">1173</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Tarentaise" title="Peter II of Tarentaise">Peter of Tarentaise</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> and bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1174" title="1174">1174</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Beaumont,_2nd_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Warwick">Roger de Beaumont</a>, 2nd <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Warwick" title="Earl of Warwick">Earl of Warwick</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1153" title="1153">1153</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Zhu_(Song_dynasty)" title="Empress Zhu (Song dynasty)">Zhu</a>, Chinese empress of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song Dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1127" title="1127">1127</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1103</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Toba" title="Emperor Toba">Toba</a>, emperor of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1156" title="1156">1156</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei" title="Yue Fei">Yue Fei</a>, Chinese general and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1142" title="1142">1142</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Adelin" title="William Adelin">William Adelin</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1120" title="1120">1120</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adeliza_of_Louvain" title="Adeliza of Louvain">Adeliza of Louvain</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1151" title="1151">1151</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9nor_de_Ch%C3%A2tellerault" title="Aénor de Châtellerault">Aénor de Châtellerault</a>, duchess of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine" title="Duchy of Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1130" title="1130">1130</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Jordan" title="Alfonso Jordan">Alfonso I</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">Tripoli</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Toulouse" title="County of Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1148" title="1148">1148</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilika_of_Lengenfeld" title="Heilika of Lengenfeld">Heilika of Lengenfeld</a>, German countess (d. <a href="/wiki/1170" title="1170">1170</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Margrave_of_Meissen" title="Henry II, Margrave of Meissen">Henry II</a>, margrave of the <a href="/wiki/Saxon_Eastern_March" title="Saxon Eastern March">Saxon Ostmark</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1123" title="1123">1123</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6gnvald_Kali_Kolsson" title="Rögnvald Kali Kolsson">Rögnvald Kali Kolsson</a>, Norwegian earl (d. <a href="/wiki/1158" title="1158">1158</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_of_Pskov" title="Vsevolod of Pskov">Vsevolod of Pskov</a>, Kievan prince (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wivina_(abbess)" title="Wivina (abbess)">Wivina</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictine</a> abbess (d. <a href="/wiki/1168" title="1168">1168</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1104</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne_of_Polotsk" title="Euphrosyne of Polotsk">Euphrosyne of Polotsk</a>, Kievan princess (d. <a href="/wiki/1167" title="1167">1167</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Kiyosuke" title="Fujiwara no Kiyosuke">Fujiwara no Kiyosuke</a>, Japanese <i><a href="/wiki/Waka_(poetry)" title="Waka (poetry)">waka</a></i> poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1177" title="1177">1177</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Gens" title="Saint Gens">Gens du Beaucet</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermit</a> and saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1127" title="1127">1127</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Zafar_al_Siqilli" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Zafar al Siqilli">Ibn Zafar al Siqilli</a>, Arab-Sicilian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1170" title="1170">1170</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Beaumont,_2nd_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester">Robert de Beaumont</a>, 2nd <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Leicester" title="Earl of Leicester">Earl of Leicester</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1168" title="1168">1168</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyrko_Volodarovych" class="mw-redirect" title="Volodymyrko Volodarovych">Vladimir Volodarevich</a>, Galician prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1152" title="1152">1152</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waleran_de_Beaumont,_1st_Earl_of_Worcester" title="Waleran de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Worcester">Waleran de Beaumont</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Worcester" title="Earl of Worcester">Earl of Worcester</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1166" title="1166">1166</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1105</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VII_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VII of León and Castile">Alfonso VII</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1157" title="1157">1157</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saint_Drogo" title="Saint Drogo">Drogo</a>, Flemish <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermit</a> and saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1186" title="1186">1186</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III" title="Pope Alexander III">Alexander III</a>, pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1181" title="1181">1181</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awn_al-Din_ibn_Hubayra" title="Awn al-Din ibn Hubayra">Awn al-Din ibn Hubayra</a>, Abbasid vizier (d. <a href="/wiki/1165" title="1165">1165</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a>, Indian philosopher and statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1167" title="1167">1167</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Motohira" title="Fujiwara no Motohira">Fujiwara no Motohira</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (d. 1157)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Hong" title="Hu Hong">Hu Hong</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucian</a> scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1161" title="1161">1161</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Asakir" title="Ibn Asakir">Ibn Asakir</a>, Syrian historian and mystic (d. <a href="/wiki/1175" title="1175">1175</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tufail" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Tufail">Ibn Tufail</a>, Arab Andalusian <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1185" title="1185">1185</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshal_(Marshal_of_England)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Marshal (Marshal of England)">John FitzGilbert</a>, Marshal of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> (d. 1165)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kimhi" title="Joseph Kimhi">Joseph Kimhi</a>, Spanish Jewish <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1170" title="1170">1170</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lope_D%C3%ADaz_I_de_Haro" title="Lope Díaz I de Haro">Lope Díaz I de Haro</a>, Castilian nobleman (d. 1170)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II_(Seljuq_sultan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud II (Seljuq sultan)">Mahmud II</a>, sultan of the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1131" title="1131">1131</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_I,_Countess_of_Boulogne" title="Matilda I, Countess of Boulogne">Matilda I, Countess of Boulogne</a>, queen consort of England (d. <a href="/wiki/1152" title="1152">1152</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_FitzGerald,_Lord_of_Lanstephan" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan">Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan</a>, English nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1176" title="1176">1176</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melisende,_Queen_of_Jerusalem" title="Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem">Melisende</a>, queen consort of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> (d. 1161)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_Novara" title="Odo of Novara">Odo of Novara</a>, Italian priest and saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1200" title="1200">1200</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serlo_of_Wilton" title="Serlo of Wilton">Serlo of Wilton</a>, English poet and writer (d. 1181)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Bavaria_(1105%E2%80%931145)" title="Sophia of Bavaria (1105–1145)">Sophia of Bavaria</a>, German noblewoman (d. <a href="/wiki/1145" title="1145">1145</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_Winzenburg" title="Sophie of Winzenburg">Sophie of Winzenburg</a>, German noblewoman (d. <a href="/wiki/1160" title="1160">1160</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_II_the_Exile" title="Władysław II the Exile">Władysław II the Exile</a>, Polish nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1159" title="1159">1159</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuedou_Zhijian" title="Xuedou Zhijian">Xuedou Zhijian</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Buddhist</a> monk (d. <a href="/wiki/1192" title="1192">1192</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1106</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_Komnenos_(co-emperor)" title="Alexios Komnenos (co-emperor)">Alexios Komnenos</a>, Byzantine co-emperor (d. <a href="/wiki/1142" title="1142">1142</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_III" title="Pope Celestine III">Celestine III</a>, pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1198" title="1198">1198</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_FitzGerald" title="David FitzGerald">David FitzGerald</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_St_Davids" title="Diocese of St Davids">St. Davids</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1176" title="1176">1176</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Michinori" title="Fujiwara no Michinori">Fujiwara no Michinori</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1160" title="1160">1160</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_II_of_Jaffa" title="Hugh II of Jaffa">Hugh II</a>, French nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1134" title="1134">1134</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_de_Beaumont,_1st_Earl_of_Bedford" title="Hugh de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Bedford">Hugh de Beaumont</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Bedford" title="Earl of Bedford">Earl of Bedford</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1141" title="1141">1141</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Asakir" title="Ibn Asakir">Ibn Asakir</a>, Syrian scholar and historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1175" title="1175">1175</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Fng_Chung-bu" title="Chŏng Chung-bu">Chŏng Chung-bu</a>, Korean military leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1179" title="1179">1179</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_I_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus I of Sweden">Magnus I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> (d. 1134)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Anjou" title="Matilda of Anjou">Matilda of Anjou</a>, duchess of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1154" title="1154">1154</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yorimasa" title="Minamoto no Yorimasa">Minamoto no Yorimasa</a>, Japanese military leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1180" title="1180">1180</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Xing" title="Empress Xing">Xing</a>, Chinese empress (d. <a href="/wiki/1139" title="1139">1139</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1107</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozong_of_Song" title="Emperor Gaozong of Song">Gao Zong</a>, Chinese emperor (d. <a href="/wiki/1187" title="1187">1187</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthelm_of_Belley" title="Anthelm of Belley">Anthelm of Belley</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">prior</a> and bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1178" title="1178">1178</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Dandolo" title="Enrico Dandolo">Enrico Dandolo</a>, doge of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a> (d.<a href="/wiki/1205" title="1205">1205</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falaki_Shirvani" title="Falaki Shirvani">Falaki Shirvani</a>, Persian poet and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1157" title="1157">1157</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenkai" title="Kenkai">Kenkai</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Shingon_Buddhism" title="Shingon Buddhism">Shingon Buddhist</a> monk (d. <a href="/wiki/1155" title="1155">1155</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kontostephanos" title="Stephen Kontostephanos">Stephen Kontostephanos</a>, Byzantine general (d. <a href="/wiki/1149" title="1149">1149</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_III,_Count_of_Nevers" title="William III, Count of Nevers">William III</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_and_Duchy_of_Nevers" class="mw-redirect" title="County and Duchy of Nevers">Nevers</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Auxerre" title="County of Auxerre">Auxerre</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1161" title="1161">1161</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1108</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_Komnenos_(son_of_John_II)" title="Andronikos Komnenos (son of John II)">Andronikos Komnenos</a>, Byzantine prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1142" title="1142">1142</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_IV,_Count_of_Hainaut" title="Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut">Baldwin IV</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Hainaut" title="County of Hainaut">Hainaut</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1171" title="1171">1171</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemond_II_of_Antioch" title="Bohemond II of Antioch">Bohemond II</a>, Italo-Norman prince of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Antioch</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1130" title="1130">1130</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbforgaill_ingen_Maeleachlainn" title="Derbforgaill ingen Maeleachlainn">Derbforgaill</a>, Irish princess (d. <a href="/wiki/1193" title="1193">1193</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghiyath_ad-Din_Mas%27ud" title="Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud">Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud</a>, Seljuk sultan (d. <a href="/wiki/1152" title="1152">1152</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_X,_Duke_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry X, Duke of Bavaria">Henry X</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1139" title="1139">1139</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Leopold, Duke of Bavaria">Leopold IV</a>, duke of Bavaria (d. <a href="/wiki/1141" title="1141">1141</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1109</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Afonso_I_of_Portugal" title="Afonso I of Portugal">Afonso I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1185" title="1185">1185</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Queen_Gongye" title="Queen Gongye">Gongye</a>, Korean queen (d. <a href="/wiki/1183" title="1183">1183</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Injong_of_Goryeo" title="Injong of Goryeo">Injong of Goryeo</a>, Korean king (d. <a href="/wiki/1146" title="1146">1146</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Hasan_al-Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Abu'l-Hasan al-Hasan ibn Ali">Abu'l-Hasan al-Hasan ibn Ali</a>, Zirid emir (d. <a href="/wiki/1171" title="1171">1171</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar-Rashid_(1109%E2%80%931138)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar-Rashid (1109–1138)">Al-Rashid</a>, caliph of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1138" title="1138">1138</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_II_of_Hungary" title="Béla II of Hungary">Béla II</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_union_with_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatia in union with Hungary">Croatia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1141" title="1141">1141</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_de_Blanchefort" title="Bertrand de Blanchefort">Bertrand de Blanchefort</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Grand_Masters_of_the_Knights_Templar" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Masters of the Knights Templar">Grand Master</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1169" title="1169">1169</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_d%27Aubigny,_1st_Earl_of_Arundel" title="William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel">William d'Aubigny</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Arundel" title="Earl of Arundel">Earl of Arundel</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1176" title="1176">1176</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/1100" title="1100">1100</a>, <a href="/wiki/1101" title="1101">1101</a>, <a href="/wiki/1102" title="1102">1102</a>, <a href="/wiki/1103" title="1103">1103</a>, <a href="/wiki/1104" title="1104">1104</a>, <a href="/wiki/1105" title="1105">1105</a>, <a href="/wiki/1106" title="1106">1106</a>, <a href="/wiki/1107" title="1107">1107</a>, <a href="/wiki/1108" title="1108">1108</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1109" title="1109">1109</a></div> <p><b>1100</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhezong" title="Emperor Zhezong">Zhezong</a>, Chinese emperor (b. <a href="/wiki/1077" title="1077">1077</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gerland_of_Agrigento" title="Gerland of Agrigento">Gerland</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Agrigento" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agrigento">Agrigento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Weimar-Orlam%C3%BCnde" title="Adelaide of Weimar-Orlamünde">Adelaide of Weimar-Orlamünde</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">noblewoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_of_Bouillon" title="Godfrey of Bouillon">Godfrey of Bouillon</a>, French nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1060" title="1060">1060</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Warner_of_Grez" title="Warner of Grez">Warner of Grez</a>, French nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_England" title="William II of England">William II</a> (or William Rufus), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_III" title="Antipope Clement III">Clement III</a>, antipope of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernold_of_Constance" title="Bernold of Constance">Bernold of Constance</a>, German chronicler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guy_I,_Count_of_Ponthieu" title="Guy I, Count of Ponthieu">Guy I, Count of Ponthieu</a> (or Wido), French nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Bayeux" title="Thomas of Bayeux">Thomas of Bayeux</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_York" title="Diocese of York">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bretislav_II" title="Bretislav II">Bretislav II</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bohemia" title="Duchy of Bohemia">Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Yusr_al-Bazdawi" title="Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi">Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi</a>, Hanafi-Maturidi scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1030" title="1030">1030</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azzo_of_Gobatsburg" title="Azzo of Gobatsburg">Azzo of Gobatsburg</a>, Swedish nobleman (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_de_Mandeville_(11th_century)" title="Geoffrey de Mandeville (11th century)">Geoffrey de Mandeville</a>, Norman <a href="/wiki/Constable_of_the_Tower" title="Constable of the Tower">Constable of the Tower</a> of London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey,_Count_of_Conversano" title="Geoffrey, Count of Conversano">Geoffrey, Count of Conversano</a> ("the elder"), Italo-Norman nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaya_Pala" title="Jaya Pala">Jaya Pala</a>, Indian ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Kamarupa" title="Kamarupa">Kamarupa</a> Kingdom (b. <a href="/wiki/1075" title="1075">1075</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_Guan" title="Qin Guan">Qin Guan</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">poet</a> and writer (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb_al-din_Hasan" title="Qutb al-din Hasan">Qutb al-din Hasan</a>, ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Malik" title="Malik">malik</a></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Stafford" title="Robert de Stafford">Robert de Stafford</a>, Anglo-Norman nobleman (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>1101</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Daozong_of_Liao" title="Emperor Daozong of Liao">Daozong of Liao</a>, Chinese emperor (b. <a href="/wiki/1032" title="1032">1032</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Morozane" title="Fujiwara no Morozane">Fujiwara no Morozane</a>, Japanese nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1042" title="1042">1042</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vseslav_of_Polotsk" title="Vseslav of Polotsk">Vseslav of Polotsk</a>, Kievan prince</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Liemar" title="Liemar">Liemar</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Bremen" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishopric of Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roger_I_of_Sicily" title="Roger I of Sicily">Roger I</a>, Norman nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad II</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italy</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1074" title="1074">1074</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_d%27Avranches,_Earl_of_Chester" title="Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester">Hugh d'Avranches</a>, Norman nobleman</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Su_Shi" title="Su Shi">Su Shi</a>, Chinese statesman and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">poet</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1037" title="1037">1037</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Montfort_(bishop_of_Paris)" title="Guillaume de Montfort (bishop of Paris)">Guillaume de Montfort</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Paris" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geldemar_Carpenel" title="Geldemar Carpenel">Geldemar Carpenel</a>, French nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anselm_IV_(archbishop_of_Milan)" title="Anselm IV (archbishop of Milan)">Anselm IV</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Milan" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li>September – <a href="/wiki/Ida_of_Formbach-Ratelnberg" title="Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg">Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg</a>, Bavarian-born Margravine of Austria and crusader (k. in battle) (b. c.1055)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Uicheon" title="Uicheon">Uicheon</a>, Korean <a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">Buddhist monk</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1055" title="1055">1055</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bruno_of_Cologne" title="Bruno of Cologne">Bruno of Cologne</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusian Order</a> (b. c.1030)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugh_I,_Count_of_Vermandois" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh I, Count of Vermandois">Hugh I</a>, crusader, son of Henry I of France (b. <a href="/wiki/1057" title="1057">1057</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Welf_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Welf I, Duke of Bavaria">Welf I, Duke of Bavaria</a>, German nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elvira_of_Toro" title="Elvira of Toro">Elvira of Toro</a>, Leonese princess (b. 1038 or 1039)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nikon_the_Dry" title="Nikon the Dry">Nikon the Dry</a>, Kievan monk and <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27li" title="Al-Musta'li">Al-Musta'li</a>, Fatimid caliph (b. 1074)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Bodin" title="Constantine Bodin">Constantine Bodin</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egilbert" title="Egilbert">Egilbert</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Trier" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Burel_of_Amboise" title="Geoffrey Burel of Amboise">Geoffrey Burel of Amboise</a>, French nobleman, crusader (k. in battle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilla_na_Naemh_Ua_Dunabhra" title="Gilla na Naemh Ua Dunabhra">Gilla na Naemh Ua Dunabhra</a>, Irish chief <a href="/wiki/Irish_poetry" title="Irish poetry">poet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingshui_(monk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingshui (monk)">Qingshui</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chan Buddhist</a> monk (b. <a href="/wiki/1047" title="1047">1047</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Song" title="Su Song">Su Song</a>, Chinese statesman and scientist (b. <a href="/wiki/1020" title="1020">1020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Theodoric" title="Antipope Theodoric">Theodoric</a>, antipope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urraca_of_Zamora" title="Urraca of Zamora">Urraca of Zamora</a>, Leonese princess</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_of_Albano" title="Walter of Albano">Walter of Albano</a>, Italian cardinal-bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Six_Monkey" title="Lady Six Monkey">Lady Six Monkey</a>, queen of the Mixtec city State of Huachino and queen of Jaltepec (b. c. 1073)</li></ul> <p><b>1102</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raoul_II_of_Tosny" title="Raoul II of Tosny">Raoul II</a>, Norman nobleman (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Tosny" title="House of Tosny">House of Tosny</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephen,_Count_of_Blois" title="Stephen, Count of Blois">Stephen II</a>, French nobleman and crusader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_I_Herman" title="Władysław I Herman">Władysław I Herman</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_III,_Count_of_Namur" title="Albert III, Count of Namur">Albert III</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Namur" title="County of Namur">Namur</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Namur" title="House of Namur">House of Namur</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Dalassena" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Dalassena">Anna Dalassena</a>, Byzantine noblewoman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermengol_V,_Count_of_Urgell" class="mw-redirect" title="Ermengol V, Count of Urgell">Ermengol V</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Urgell" title="County of Urgell">Urgell</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1078" title="1078">1078</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felicia_of_Sicily" title="Felicia of Sicily">Felicia of Sicily</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">Hungary</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Kanshi" title="Fujiwara no Kanshi">Fujiwara no Kanshi</a>, Japanese empress (b. <a href="/wiki/1021" title="1021">1021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giselbert_II_of_Roussillon" title="Giselbert II of Roussillon">Giselbert II</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Roussillon" title="County of Roussillon">Roussillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Embriaco" title="Guglielmo Embriaco">Guglielmo Embriaco</a>, Genoese merchant (b. <a href="/wiki/1040" title="1040">1040</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_VI_of_Lusignan" title="Hugh VI of Lusignan">Hugh VI</a>, French nobleman and crusader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%B6n_K%C3%B6nchok_Gyalpo" title="Khön Könchok Gyalpo">Khön Könchok Gyalpo</a>, Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> monk (b. <a href="/wiki/1034" title="1034">1034</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_al-Kashgari" title="Mahmud al-Kashgari">Mahmud al-Kashgari</a>, Turkish <a href="/wiki/Lexicography" title="Lexicography">lexicographer</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1005" title="1005">1005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Porto" title="Maurice of Porto">Maurice</a>, cardinal-bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Porto-Santa_Rufina" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Porto-Santa Rufina">Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_I,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Odo I, Duke of Burgundy">Odo I</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Burgundy</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1060" title="1060">1060</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odon_de_Ch%C3%A2tillon" title="Odon de Châtillon">Odon de Châtillon</a>, cardinal-bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Ostia" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia">Ostia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_I,_Count_of_Burgundy" title="Stephen I, Count of Burgundy">Stephen I</a>, count palatine of Burgundy (b. <a href="/wiki/1065" title="1065">1065</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Giffard,_1st_Earl_of_Buckingham" title="Walter Giffard, 1st Earl of Buckingham">Walter Giffard</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Buckingham" title="Earl of Buckingham">Earl of Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Xiang" title="Empress Xiang">Xiang</a>, Chinese empress and <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1047" title="1047">1047</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1103</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frutolf_of_Michelsberg" title="Frutolf of Michelsberg">Frutolf of Michelsberg</a>, German monk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sybilla_of_Conversano" class="mw-redirect" title="Sybilla of Conversano">Sybilla of Conversano</a>, Norman duchess</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eric_I_of_Denmark" title="Eric I of Denmark">Eric I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Barefoot" title="Magnus Barefoot">Magnus III</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">Norway</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1073" title="1073">1073</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Humbert_II,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Humbert II, Count of Savoy">Humbert II</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Savoy" title="County of Savoy">Savoy</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1065" title="1065">1065</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Munajjim" title="Al-Hakim al-Munajjim">Al-Hakim al-Munajjim</a>, Persian <a href="/wiki/Nizari" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizari">Nizari</a> missionary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boedil_Thurgotsdatter" title="Boedil Thurgotsdatter">Boedil Thurgotsdatter</a>, Danish queen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebles_II_of_Roucy" title="Ebles II of Roucy">Ebles II</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Montdidier" title="House of Montdidier">House of Montdidier</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I,_Margrave_of_the_Saxon_Ostmark" title="Henry I, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark">Henry I</a>, German nobleman (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Wettin" title="House of Wettin">House of Wettin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Alfasi" title="Isaac Alfasi">Isaac Alfasi</a>, Algerian <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmudist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Posek" title="Posek">posek</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1013" title="1013">1013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manegold_of_Lautenbach" title="Manegold of Lautenbach">Manegold of Lautenbach</a>, German priest (b. <a href="/wiki/1030" title="1030">1030</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osbern_FitzOsbern" title="Osbern FitzOsbern">Osbern FitzOsbern</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Exeter" title="Diocese of Exeter">Exeter</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1032" title="1032">1032</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibylla_of_Burgundy,_Duchess_of_Burgundy" title="Sibylla of Burgundy, Duchess of Burgundy">Sibylla of Burgundy</a>, duchess of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Burgundy</a> (b. 1065)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Firmatus" title="William Firmatus">William Firmatus</a>, Norman <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermit</a> and pilgrim (b. <a href="/wiki/1026" title="1026">1026</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1104</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duqaq_(Seljuk_ruler_of_Damascus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duqaq (Seljuk ruler of Damascus)">Duqaq</a>, Seljuk ruler of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simon_II_de_Montfort" title="Simon II de Montfort">Simon II</a>, French nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_I_of_Kraichgau" title="Johann I of Kraichgau">Johann I</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_ibn_al-Nasir" title="Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir">Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir</a>, Hammadid ruler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danishmend_Gazi" title="Danishmend Gazi">Danishmend Gazi</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Danishmends" class="mw-redirect" title="Danishmends">Danishmends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebontius" title="Ebontius">Ebontius</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Barbastro-Monz%C3%B3n" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Barbastro-Monzón">Barbastro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herewald_of_Llandaff" title="Herewald of Llandaff">Herewald of Llandaff</a>, Welsh bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Aragon">Peter I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraphin,_Archbishop_of_Esztergom" title="Seraphin, Archbishop of Esztergom">Seraphin</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Esztergom-Budapest" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest">Esztergom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serlo_(abbot_of_Gloucester)" title="Serlo (abbot of Gloucester)">Serlo</a>, Norman cleric and <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6kmen_(Artuqid)" title="Sökmen (Artuqid)">Sökmen</a>, governor of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svend_Tronkr%C3%A6ver" title="Svend Tronkræver">Svend Tronkræver</a>, Danish prince</li></ul> <p><b>1105</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raymond_IV,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse">Raymond IV</a>, French nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Judith_of_Swabia" title="Judith of Swabia">Judith of Swabia</a>, duchess of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Poland</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1054" title="1054">1054</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a>, French Jewish rabbi and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1040" title="1040">1040</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sukjong_of_Goryeo" title="Sukjong of Goryeo">Sukjong</a>, Korean ruler of <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> (b. 1054)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Esmail_Moayed-o-din_Togharayi" title="Abu Esmail Moayed-o-din Togharayi">Abu Esmail Moayed-o-din Togharayi</a>, Seljuk poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1045" title="1045">1045</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkiyaruq" class="mw-redirect" title="Barkiyaruq">Barkiyaruq</a>, sultan of the Seljuk Empire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_of_Pisa" title="Dagobert of Pisa">Dagobert of Pisa</a>, Italian archbishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_II_the_Martyrophile" title="Gregory II the Martyrophile">Gregory II</a>, Armenian <a href="/wiki/Catholicos" title="Catholicos">Catholicos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Tingjian" title="Huang Tingjian">Huang Tingjian</a>, Chinese calligrapher and poet (b. 1045)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Fauquembergues" title="Hugh of Fauquembergues">Hugh of Fauquembergues</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Galilee" title="Principality of Galilee">Galilee</a> (or <a href="/wiki/1106" title="1106">1106</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inge_the_Elder" title="Inge the Elder">Inge the Elder</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik-Shah_II" title="Malik-Shah II">Malik-Shah II</a>, sultan of the Seljuk Empire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Vivar" title="María Rodríguez de Vivar">María Rodríguez</a>, countess of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Barcelona" title="County of Barcelona">Barcelona</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1080" title="1080">1080</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Anagni" title="Peter of Anagni">Peter of Anagni</a>, Italian bishop and <a href="/wiki/Papal_legate" title="Papal legate">papal legate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_Capua" title="Richard II of Capua">Richard II</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Capua" title="Principality of Capua">Capua</a> (or 1106)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Sh%C5%8Dshi_(1027%E2%80%931105)" title="Princess Shōshi (1027–1105)">Shōshi</a>, Japanese empress consort (b. <a href="/wiki/1027" title="1027">1027</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_of_Sicily" title="Simon of Sicily">Simon of Hauteville</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Sicily" title="County of Sicily">Sicily</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1093" title="1093">1093</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1106</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Khalaf_ibn_Mula%27ib" title="Khalaf ibn Mula'ib">Khalaf ibn Mula'ib</a>, Uqaylid emir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arnold_I,_Count_of_Chiny" title="Arnold I, Count of Chiny">Arnold I</a>, Lotharingian nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Conon,_Count_of_Montaigu" title="Conon, Count of Montaigu">Conon</a>, Lotharingian nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_IV,_Count_of_Anjou" title="Geoffrey IV, Count of Anjou">Geoffrey IV</a>, French nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benno_of_Meissen" title="Benno of Meissen">Benno</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Dresden-Meissen" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden-Meissen">Meissen</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1010" title="1010">1010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yan_Vyshatich" title="Yan Vyshatich">Yan Vyshatich</a>, Kievan nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a>, Holy Roman Emperor (b. <a href="/wiki/1050" title="1050">1050</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Magnus,_Duke_of_Saxony" title="Magnus, Duke of Saxony">Magnus</a>, German nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1045" title="1045">1045</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter,_Count_of_Dammartin" title="Peter, Count of Dammartin">Peter</a>, French nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Manasses_II_(archbishop_of_Reims)" title="Manasses II (archbishop of Reims)">Manasses II</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Reims" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims">Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Die" title="Hugh of Die">Hugh of Die</a>, French bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1040" title="1040">1040</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Tahir_al-Sulami" title="Ali ibn Tahir al-Sulami">Ali ibn Tahir al-Sulami</a>, Syrian jurist and philologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domnall_Ua_Conchobair" title="Domnall Ua Conchobair">Domnall Ua Conchobair</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Connacht" title="Connacht">Connacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Lara" title="Gonzalo Núñez de Lara">Gonzalo Núñez de Lara</a>, Castilian nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Fauquembergues" title="Hugh of Fauquembergues">Hugh of Fauquembergues</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Galilee" title="Principality of Galilee">Galilee</a> (or <a href="/wiki/1105" title="1105">1105</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jikirmish" title="Jikirmish">Jikirmish</a>, Seljuk ruler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Lodi" title="John of Lodi">John of Lodi</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermit</a> and bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1025" title="1025">1025</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Gonglin" title="Li Gonglin">Li Gonglin</a>, Chinese painter and <a href="/wiki/Antiquarian" title="Antiquarian">antiquarian</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1049" title="1049">1049</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_Udo_III,_Margrave_of_the_Nordmark" title="Lothair Udo III, Margrave of the Nordmark">Lothair Udo III</a>, margrave of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_March" title="Northern March">Nordmark</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1070" title="1070">1070</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Muire_mac_C%C3%A9ilechair" title="Máel Muire mac Céilechair">Máel Muire mac Céilechair</a>, Irish cleric and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoshiie" title="Minamoto no Yoshiie">Minamoto no Yoshiie</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1039" title="1039">1039</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_ben_Jehiel" title="Nathan ben Jehiel">Nathan ben Jehiel</a>, Italian Jewish <a href="/wiki/Lexicography" title="Lexicography">lexicographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_Capua" title="Richard II of Capua">Richard II</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Capua" title="Principality of Capua">Capua</a> (or 1105)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a>, sultan of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1009" title="1009">1009</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1107</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edgar,_King_of_Scotland" title="Edgar, King of Scotland">Edgar</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Burchard_of_Basle" title="Burchard of Basle">Burchard</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Basel" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Basel">Basel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Burgundy" title="Raymond of Burgundy">Raymond of Burgundy</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Horikawa" title="Emperor Horikawa">Horikawa</a>, emperor of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1079" title="1079">1079</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maurice_(bishop_of_London)" title="Maurice (bishop of London)">Maurice</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_London" title="Diocese of London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changlu_Zongze" title="Changlu Zongze">Changlu Zongze</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chan</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Buddhist</a> monk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Yi_(philosopher)" title="Cheng Yi (philosopher)">Cheng Yi</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Neo-Confucianism" title="Neo-Confucianism">neo-confusian</a> philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1033" title="1033">1033</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_I" title="Kilij Arslan I">Kilij Arslan I</a>, sultan of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a> (b. 1079)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi_Fu" title="Mi Fu">Mi Fu</a>, Chinese painter, poet and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">calligrapher</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1051" title="1051">1051</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Redvers" title="Richard de Redvers">Richard de Redvers</a>, Norman warrior and <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fitzhamon" title="Robert Fitzhamon">Robert Fitzhamon</a>, Norman warrior and nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bigod_of_Norfolk" title="Roger Bigod of Norfolk">Roger Bigod</a>, Norman knight and nobleman</li></ul> <p><b>1108</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_of_Poland" title="Gertrude of Poland">Gertrude</a>, Grand Princess of <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abe_no_Munet%C5%8D" title="Abe no Munetō">Abe no Munetō</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1032" title="1032">1032</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gerard_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Gerard (archbishop of York)">Gerard</a>, Norman archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_York" title="Diocese of York">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Ord%C3%B3%C3%B1ez" title="García Ordóñez">García Ordóñez</a>, Castilian <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_Alf%C3%B3nsez" title="Sancho Alfónsez">Sancho Alfónsez</a>, Castilian nobleman</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Hauteville" title="Guy of Hauteville">Guy of Hauteville</a>, Italo-Norman diplomat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_France" title="Philip I of France">Philip I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Contarini" title="Enrico Contarini">Enrico Contarini</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Castello" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Castello">Castello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%81lvarez_(alf%C3%A9rez)" title="García Álvarez (alférez)">García Álvarez</a>, Castilian official and military leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Gonzalo" title="Saint Gonzalo">Gonzalo</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Mondo%C3%B1edo-Ferrol" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol">Mondoñedo</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_III,_Count_of_Tusculum" title="Gregory III, Count of Tusculum">Gregory III</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/Tusculum" title="Tusculum">Tusculum</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundulf_of_Rochester" title="Gundulf of Rochester">Gundulf</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rochester" title="Diocese of Rochester">Rochester</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_II_the_Red_of_Rochefort" title="Guy II the Red of Rochefort">Guy II</a>, French nobleman and crusader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafalda_of_Pulla-Calabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mafalda of Pulla-Calabria">Mafalda of Pulla-Calabria</a>, Norman noblewoman (b. <a href="/wiki/1060" title="1060">1060</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urse_d%27Abetot" title="Urse d'Abetot">Urse d'Abetot</a>, Norman <a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Worcestershire" title="High Sheriff of Worcestershire">sheriff of Worcestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veera_Ballala_I" title="Veera Ballala I">Veera Ballala I</a>, Indian ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Wang_(Huizong)" title="Empress Wang (Huizong)">Wang</a>, Chinese empress of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song Dynasty</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1084" title="1084">1084</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1109</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alberic_of_C%C3%AEteaux" title="Alberic of Cîteaux">Alberic of Cîteaux</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fulk_IV,_Count_of_Anjou" title="Fulk IV, Count of Anjou">Fulk IV</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Anjou" title="County of Anjou">Anjou</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1043" title="1043">1043</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Canterbury" title="Diocese of Canterbury">Canterbury</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1033" title="1033">1033</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Cluny" title="Hugh of Cluny">Hugh the Great</a>, abbot of <a href="/wiki/Cluny_Abbey" title="Cluny Abbey">Cluny</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1024" title="1024">1024</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dominic_de_la_Calzada" title="Dominic de la Calzada">Dominic de la Calzada</a>, Spanish priest (b. <a href="/wiki/1019" title="1019">1019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VI_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VI of León and Castile">Alfonso VI</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Svatopluk,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Svatopluk, Duke of Bohemia">Svatopluk</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bohemia" title="Duchy of Bohemia">Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ingulf" title="Ingulf">Ingulf</a>, Norman <a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictine</a> abbot</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupraxia_of_Kiev" title="Eupraxia of Kiev">Eupraxia of Kiev</a>, Holy Roman Empress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngok_Loden_Sherab" title="Ngok Loden Sherab">Ngok Loden Sherab</a>, Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> monk (b. <a href="/wiki/1059" title="1059">1059</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_Jordan" title="William II Jordan">William II</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Cerdanya" title="County of Cerdanya">Cerdagne</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">Tripoli</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1100s_(decade)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMaalouf1983" class="citation book cs1">Maalouf, Amid (1983). <i>La Croisade vue par les Arabes</i>. Paris: Lattès. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7096-0547-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7096-0547-2"><bdi>978-2-7096-0547-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Croisade+vue+par+les+Arabes&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Latt%C3%A8s&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-2-7096-0547-2&rft.aulast=Maalouf&rft.aufirst=Amid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHillHill,_Laurita_Lyttleton1959" class="citation book cs1">Hill, John Hugh; Hill, Laurita Lyttleton (1959). <i>Raymond IV de Saint-Gilles, 1041 (ou 1042)-1105</i>. Privat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raymond+IV+de+Saint-Gilles%2C+1041+%28ou+1042%29-1105&rft.pub=Privat&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=John+Hugh&rft.au=Hill%2C+Laurita+Lyttleton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHagenmeyer1973" class="citation book cs1">Hagenmeyer, Hendrich (1973). <i>Chronologie de la première croisade, 1094–1100</i>. Olms. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-487-04756-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-487-04756-0"><bdi>978-3-487-04756-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronologie+de+la+premi%C3%A8re+croisade%2C+1094%E2%80%931100&rft.pub=Olms&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-3-487-04756-0&rft.aulast=Hagenmeyer&rft.aufirst=Hendrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100509212911/http://historymedren.about.com/od/bentries/a/11_baldwini.htm">"Baldwin I of Edessa"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historymedren.about.com/od/bentries/a/11_baldwini.htm">the original</a> on 9 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baldwin+I+of+Edessa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistorymedren.about.com%2Fod%2Fbentries%2Fa%2F11_baldwini.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100623154402/http://vi.uh.edu/pages/bob/elhone/comcrts.html">"Communal Courts"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vi.uh.edu/pages/bob/elhone/comcrts.html">the original</a> on 23 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communal+Courts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvi.uh.edu%2Fpages%2Fbob%2Felhone%2Fcomcrts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuresi2004" class="citation book cs1">Buresi, Pascal (2004). <i>La frontière entre chrétienté et islam dans la péninsule Ibérique</i>. Publibook. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7483-0644-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7483-0644-6"><bdi>978-2-7483-0644-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+fronti%C3%A8re+entre+chr%C3%A9tient%C3%A9+et+islam+dans+la+p%C3%A9ninsule+Ib%C3%A9rique&rft.pub=Publibook&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-2-7483-0644-6&rft.aulast=Buresi&rft.aufirst=Pascal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSénac2000" class="citation book cs1">Sénac, Philippe (2000). <i>La frontière et les hommes, VIIIe-XIIe siècle</i>. Maisonneuve et Larose. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7068-1421-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7068-1421-1"><bdi>978-2-7068-1421-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+fronti%C3%A8re+et+les+hommes%2C+VIIIe-XIIe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=Maisonneuve+et+Larose&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-2-7068-1421-1&rft.aulast=S%C3%A9nac&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-victor-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-victor_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCatlos2004" class="citation book cs1">Catlos, Brian A. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EoDuA8fv9rEC&q=christian+mercenaries+maghrib"><i>The victors and the vanquished: Christians and Muslims of Catalonia and Aragon, 1050–1300</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-82234-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-82234-3"><bdi>0-521-82234-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+victors+and+the+vanquished%3A+Christians+and+Muslims+of+Catalonia+and+Aragon%2C+1050%E2%80%931300&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-521-82234-3&rft.aulast=Catlos&rft.aufirst=Brian+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEoDuA8fv9rEC%26q%3Dchristian%2Bmercenaries%2Bmaghrib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Reilly1857" class="citation book cs1">O'Reilly, Patrice-John (1857). <i>Histoire complète de Bordeaux, Volume 1, Parties 1 à 2</i>. Delmas.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+compl%C3%A8te+de+Bordeaux%2C+Volume+1%2C+Parties+1+%C3%A0+2&rft.pub=Delmas&rft.date=1857&rft.aulast=O%27Reilly&rft.aufirst=Patrice-John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoefer1862" class="citation book cs1">Hoefer, Jean (1862). <i>Nouvelle biographie générale</i>. Firmin Didot frères.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nouvelle+biographie+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale&rft.pub=Firmin+Didot+fr%C3%A8res&rft.date=1862&rft.aulast=Hoefer&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMüller2021" class="citation book cs1">Müller, Annalena (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zk85EAAAQBAJ"><i>From the Cloister to the State: Fontevraud and the Making of Bourbon France, 1642-1100</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781000436297" title="Special:BookSources/9781000436297"><bdi>9781000436297</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Cloister+to+the+State%3A+Fontevraud+and+the+Making+of+Bourbon+France%2C+1642-1100&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781000436297&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Annalena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzk85EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100222144719/http://www.essortment.com/hobbies/historycheckers_smap.htm">"The history of checkers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.essortment.com/hobbies/historycheckers_smap.htm">the original</a> on February 22, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+history+of+checkers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.essortment.com%2Fhobbies%2Fhistorycheckers_smap.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1951). <i>A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 20. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1951). <i>A History of the Crusades. Volume I: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 264. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-141-98550-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-141-98550-3">978-0-141-98550-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLagardère1989" class="citation book cs1">Lagardère, Vincent (1989). <i>Les Almoravides jusqu'au règne de Yūsuf b. Tāšfīn (1039-1106)</i>. Paris: L'Harmattan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7384-0467-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7384-0467-1"><bdi>978-2-7384-0467-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Almoravides+jusqu%27au+r%C3%A8gne+de+Y%C5%ABsuf+b.+T%C4%81%C5%A1f%C4%ABn+%281039-1106%29&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-2-7384-0467-1&rft.aulast=Lagard%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_timeline-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_timeline_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_timeline_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/timeline/normanbritain_timeline_noflash.shtml">"Norman Britain"</a>. <i>British History Timeline</i>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+History+Timeline&rft.atitle=Norman+Britain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fbritish%2Ftimeline%2Fnormanbritain_timeline_noflash.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHollister1973" class="citation journal cs1">Hollister, C. Warren (April 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/564288">"The Anglo-Norman Civil War: 1101"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Historical_Review" title="The English Historical Review">The English Historical Review</a></i>. <b>88</b> (347). Oxford University Press: <span class="nowrap">315–</span>334. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FLXXXVIII.CCCXLVII.315">10.1093/ehr/LXXXVIII.CCCXLVII.315</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/564288">564288</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Anglo-Norman+Civil+War%3A+1101&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=347&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E315-%3C%2Fspan%3E334&rft.date=1973-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FLXXXVIII.CCCXLVII.315&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F564288%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hollister&rft.aufirst=C.+Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F564288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlaniczayEva_Pálmai2002" class="citation book cs1">Klaniczay, Gábor; Eva Pálmai (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tz12J0Eb9eUC&pg=RA1-PA152"><i>Holy Rulers and Blessed Princesses</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-42018-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-42018-1"><bdi>978-0-521-42018-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holy+Rulers+and+Blessed+Princesses&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-42018-1&rft.aulast=Klaniczay&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A1bor&rft.au=Eva+P%C3%A1lmai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtz12J0Eb9eUC%26pg%3DRA1-PA152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGaier2004" class="citation book cs1">Gaier, Claude (2004). <i>Armes et combats dans l'univers médiéval</i>. Paris: De Boeck Supérieur. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-8041-4543-3" title="Special:BookSources/2-8041-4543-3"><bdi>2-8041-4543-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armes+et+combats+dans+l%27univers+m%C3%A9di%C3%A9val&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=De+Boeck+Sup%C3%A9rieur&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=2-8041-4543-3&rft.aulast=Gaier&rft.aufirst=Claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1951). <i>A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, pp. 62–63. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1951). <i>A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 64. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew of Edessa (1967). <i>Recueil des historiens des croisades, Documents arméniens</i>, p.57. Vol I: reprint: Farnborough.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTouba2006" class="citation book cs1">Touba, Keltoum (2006). <i>Le travail dans les cultures monothéistes: judaïsme, christianisme, islam de l'Antiquité au XVIIIe siècle</i>. Paris: L'Harmattan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-296-00923-9" title="Special:BookSources/2-296-00923-9"><bdi>2-296-00923-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+travail+dans+les+cultures+monoth%C3%A9istes%3A+juda%C3%AFsme%2C+christianisme%2C+islam+de+l%27Antiquit%C3%A9+au+XVIIIe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=2-296-00923-9&rft.aulast=Touba&rft.aufirst=Keltoum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDozy1860" class="citation book cs1">Dozy, R. P. A. (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MhM7AAAAcAAJ"><i>Recherches sur l'histoire et la littérature de l'Espagne pendant le moyen âge</i></a>. E. J. Brill. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MhM7AAAAcAAJ/page/n44">27</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recherches+sur+l%27histoire+et+la+litt%C3%A9rature+de+l%27Espagne+pendant+le+moyen+%C3%A2ge&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Dozy&rft.aufirst=R.+P.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_MhM7AAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Steven Runciman</a> (1951). <i>A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, pp. 31–32. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1951). <i>A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, pp. 47–48. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1951). <i>A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 32. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Steven Runciman</a> (1951). <i>A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 37. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1951). <i>A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, pp. 32–33. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malcolm Barber (2012). <i>The Crusader States</i>, pp. 68–69. Yale University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11312-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11312-9">978-0-300-11312-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1951). <i>A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 38. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2017" class="citation web cs1">Kennedy, Maev (28 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jul/28/st-cuthberts-coffin-durham-cathedral">"St Cuthbert's coffin features in new display at Durham Cathedral"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=St+Cuthbert%27s+coffin+features+in+new+display+at+Durham+Cathedral&rft.date=2017-07-28&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Maev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2017%2Fjul%2F28%2Fst-cuthberts-coffin-durham-cathedral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSquires2018" class="citation web cs1">Squires, Nick (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/01/21/italian-navy-hires-venices-once-mighty-arsenal-scourge-ottomans/">"Italian navy hires out Venice's feted Arsenale for conventions to make up for government cuts"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Italian+navy+hires+out+Venice%27s+feted+Arsenale+for+conventions+to+make+up+for+government+cuts&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Squires&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2018%2F01%2F21%2Fitalian-navy-hires-venices-once-mighty-arsenal-scourge-ottomans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Hekla">"Hekla - volcano, Iceland"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Hekla+-+volcano%2C+Iceland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FHekla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Steven Runciman</a> (1952). <i>A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 49. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, pp. 72–73. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lameretlesmusulmans-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lameretlesmusulmans_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Picard C. (1997). <i>La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age</i>. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 39. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 87. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of the Crusades. Vol: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 39. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Warren Hollister (2003). <i>Henry I</i>, p. 206. (Yale University Press, New Haven & London)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMuir2005" class="citation book cs1">Muir, Tom (2005). <i>Orkney in the Sagas: The Story of the Earldom of Orkney as told in the Icelandic Sagas</i>. Kirkwall: The Orcadian. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0954886232" title="Special:BookSources/0954886232"><bdi>0954886232</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orkney+in+the+Sagas%3A+The+Story+of+the+Earldom+of+Orkney+as+told+in+the+Icelandic+Sagas&rft.place=Kirkwall&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=The+Orcadian&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0954886232&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cometography.com/1comets/1106c1.html">Cometography.com</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2005" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Hywel (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/116"><i>Cassell's Chronology of World History</i></a></span>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/116">116–117</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8"><bdi>0-304-35730-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cassell%27s+Chronology+of+World+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=116-117&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-304-35730-8&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Hywel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcassellschronolo0000will%2Fpage%2F116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barlow-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barlow_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barlow_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarlow1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Barlow_(historian)" title="Frank Barlow (historian)">Barlow, Frank</a> (1979). <i>The English Church 1066–1154: A History of the Anglo-Norman Church</i>. New York: Longman. pp. <span class="nowrap">78–</span>79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-50236-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-50236-5"><bdi>0-582-50236-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+Church+1066%E2%80%931154%3A+A+History+of+the+Anglo-Norman+Church&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E78-%3C%2Fspan%3E79&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-582-50236-5&rft.aulast=Barlow&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHollister,_C._WarrenFrost,_Amanda_Clark2001" class="citation book cs1">Hollister, C. Warren; Frost, Amanda Clark, eds. (2001). <i>Henry I</i>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">209–</span>210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-08858-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-08858-2"><bdi>0-300-08858-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+I&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E209-%3C%2Fspan%3E210&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-300-08858-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Handbook-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Handbook_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrydeGreenway,_D._E.Porter,_S.Roy,_I.1996" class="citation book cs1">Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). <i>Handbook of British Chronology</i> (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 246. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-56350-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-56350-X"><bdi>0-521-56350-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+British+Chronology&rft.pages=246&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-521-56350-X&rft.aulast=Fryde&rft.aufirst=E.+B.&rft.au=Greenway%2C+D.+E.&rft.au=Porter%2C+S.&rft.au=Roy%2C+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBH-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBH_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPalmerPalmer1992" class="citation book cs1">Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). <i>The Chronology of British History</i>. London: Century Ltd. pp. <span class="nowrap">58–</span>60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-5616-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7126-5616-2"><bdi>0-7126-5616-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chronology+of+British+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E58-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&rft.pub=Century+Ltd&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-7126-5616-2&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Palmer%2C+Veronica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnité_mixte_de_recherche_5648--Histoire_et_archéologie_des_mondes_chrétiens_et_musulmans_médiévaux" class="citation book cs1">Unité mixte de recherche 5648--Histoire et archéologie des mondes chrétiens et musulmans médiévaux. <i>Pays d'Islam et monde latin, Xe-XIIIe siècle: textes et documents</i>. Lyon: Presses Universitaires de Lyon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pays+d%27Islam+et+monde+latin%2C+Xe-XIIIe+si%C3%A8cle%3A+textes+et+documents&rft.place=Lyon&rft.pub=Presses+Universitaires+de+Lyon&rft.au=Unit%C3%A9+mixte+de+recherche+5648--Histoire+et+arch%C3%A9ologie+des+mondes+chr%C3%A9tiens+et+musulmans+m%C3%A9di%C3%A9vaux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem (1100–1187)</i>, p. 110. (Cambridge University Press).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem.</i>, p. 90. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPicard1997" class="citation book cs1">Picard, Christophe (1997). <i>La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age</i>. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2130488102" title="Special:BookSources/2130488102"><bdi>2130488102</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+mer+et+les+musulmans+d%27Occident+au+Moyen+Age&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Presses+Universitaires+de+France&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=2130488102&rft.aulast=Picard&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcGrank1981" class="citation journal cs1">McGrank, Lawrence (1981). "Norman crusaders and the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and the principality of Tarragona 1129-55". <i>Journal of Medieval History</i>. <b>7</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">67–</span>82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0304-4181%2881%2990036-1">10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medieval+History&rft.atitle=Norman+crusaders+and+the+Catalan+reconquest%3A+Robert+Burdet+and+the+principality+of+Tarragona+1129-55&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E67-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0304-4181%2881%2990036-1&rft.aulast=McGrank&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKleinhenz2004" class="citation book cs1">Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1piMMqjAf1MC&q=1101+sicile"><i>Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia, Volume 1</i></a>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-93930-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-93930-5"><bdi>0-415-93930-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Italy%3A+an+encyclopedia%2C+Volume+1&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-415-93930-5&rft.aulast=Kleinhenz&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1piMMqjAf1MC%26q%3D1101%2Bsicile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Steven Runciman</a> (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 90. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>, p. 74. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29876-3">978-0-241-29876-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert Meynier (2010). <i>L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)</i>. Paris: La Découverte; p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert Meynier (2010). <i>L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)</i>. Paris: La Découverte; p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartin2012" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Therese (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IpYz-JIpjR8C&pg=PA162"><i>Reassessing the Roles of Women as 'Makers' of Medieval Art and Architecture (2 Vol. Set)</i></a>. BRILL. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004185555" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004185555"><bdi>978-9004185555</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reassessing+the+Roles+of+Women+as+%27Makers%27+of+Medieval+Art+and+Architecture+%282+Vol.+Set%29&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-9004185555&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Therese&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIpYz-JIpjR8C%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n85016402/">"Beaumont, Robert de Earl of Leicester 1104-1168"</a>. <i>Worldcat</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Worldcat&rft.atitle=Beaumont%2C+Robert+de+Earl+of+Leicester+1104-1168&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Fidentities%2Flccn-n85016402%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeberdyWaller2020" class="citation book cs1">Peberdy, Robert; Waller, Philip (23 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rKwEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA673"><i>A Dictionary of British and Irish History</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 673. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-20155-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-20155-7"><bdi>978-0-631-20155-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+British+and+Irish+History&rft.pages=673&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2020-11-23&rft.isbn=978-0-631-20155-7&rft.aulast=Peberdy&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Waller%2C+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrKwEEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Conrad-king-of-the-Germans">"Conrad | king of the Germans"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Conrad+%7C+king+of+the+Germans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FConrad-king-of-the-Germans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1100s+%28decade%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1100s_(decade)&oldid=1248403897">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1100s_(decade)&oldid=1248403897</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1100s" title="Category:1100s">1100s</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2021" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from January 2021">Articles with dead external links from January 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 September 2024, at 09:28<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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