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NAE Website - Frances H. Arnold

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" 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function showLoginModal() { modal = $('#_modalLogin').modal({ show: true }); _setHiddenFieldValue(true); //setup bind to events modal.on('hidden.bs.modal', function () { _setHiddenFieldValue(false); }); } function closeLoginModal() { modal.modal('hide'); } function shouldRender() { return options.shouldRender; } function getExtOptions() { var value = $('#LoginModalControl_hdnLoginModalOptionsExt').val(); try { if (value) return JSON.parse(value); } catch (ex) { } return {}; } function setExtOptions(__options) { var _options = __options || {}; options.extOptions = __options; $('#LoginModalControl_hdnLoginModalOptionsExt').val(JSON.stringify(__options)); } //#endregion //#region internal methods function _init() { options.extOptions = getExtOptions(); } function _setHiddenFieldValue(value) { options.hdnLoginModalHiddenField.val('' + value); } //#endregion return { init: _init, options: options, show: showLoginModal, close: closeLoginModal, setExtOptions: setExtOptions } } 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class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="_modalLoginTitle"> <div class="modal-dialog " role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="_modalLoginTitle">Login</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="login-website"> <div id="LoginModalControl_pnlNonAuthenticated" onkeypress="javascript:return WebForm_FireDefaultButton(event, &#39;LoginModalControl_btnLogin&#39;)"> <img class="profile-img-card" src="/common/images/person/empty-person-custom.png"> <span class="login-website-text"></span> <div class="form"> <div class="form-group"> <fieldset> <input type="hidden" name="LoginModalControl$hdnShowLoginModal" id="LoginModalControl_hdnShowLoginModal" /> <input type="hidden" name="LoginModalControl$hdnLoginModalOptionsExt" id="LoginModalControl_hdnLoginModalOptionsExt" /> <div class="groupItem form-group"> <input name="LoginModalControl$txEmail" type="text" id="LoginModalControl_txEmail" class="form-control" Placeholder="Enter your username/email address" /> </div> <div class="groupItem form-group"> <input name="LoginModalControl$txPassword" type="password" id="LoginModalControl_txPassword" class="form-control" Placeholder="Password" /> </div> </fieldset> </div> </div> <label class="remeber-me"> <input type="checkbox" class="ckRememberMe" /> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="aRememberMe" title="Keep me signed in">Keep me signed in</a> </label> <input type="button" name="LoginModalControl$btnLogin" value="Login" onclick="DisableFormValidation();WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions(&quot;LoginModalControl$btnLogin&quot;, &quot;&quot;, true, &quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;, false, true))" id="LoginModalControl_btnLogin" class="simpleSubmit btn btn-solid btn-sm btn-fix-size" /> <a id="LoginModalControl_btnNeedAcct" class="createAccount" 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var awardNameNoWhiteSpace = name.replaceAll(/\s/g, '').toLowerCase(); var imgsPath = '/images/awards-icons/'; if (awardNameNoWhiteSpace.includes("draper")) return imgsPath + 'draper.webp'; else if (awardNameNoWhiteSpace.includes("gordon")) return imgsPath + 'gordon.webp'; else if (awardNameNoWhiteSpace.includes("bueche")) return imgsPath + 'bueche.webp'; else if (awardNameNoWhiteSpace.includes("gibbs")) return imgsPath + 'gibbs.webp'; else if (awardNameNoWhiteSpace.includes("ramo")) return imgsPath + 'ramo.webp'; else if (awardNameNoWhiteSpace.includes("russ")) return imgsPath + 'russ.webp'; else return imgsPath + "default.webp"; } </script> <div id="memberAwardsWidget"></div> </div> </div><div class="centerLeftColumn"> <div class="compactBox hideOnEmpty" id="personBiography"> <script> $(document).ready(function () { var buttonBioMore = $('#buttonBioMore'); var buttonBioLess = $('#buttonBioLess'); var plainText = $('.plainText'); var hdnBio = $('#hdnBio'); var displayedLength = 2000; buttonBioMore.hide(); buttonBioLess.hide(); var biography = plainText.html(); hdnBio.html(biography); //alert(biography); if (biography.length > displayedLength) { biography = biography.substring(1, displayedLength) + ' ...'; buttonBioMore.css("display", "block"); } plainText.html(biography); //console.log(plainText.html().length) function readMore() { plainText.html(hdnBio.html()); buttonBioMore.toggle(); buttonBioLess.toggle(); } function readLess() { var biography = hdnBio.html(); if (biography.length > displayedLength) { biography = biography.substring(1, displayedLength) + ' ...'; } plainText.html(biography); buttonBioMore.toggle(); buttonBioLess.toggle();; } $("#buttonBioMore").click(function () { readMore(); }); $("#buttonBioLess").click(function () { readLess(); }); }); </script> <div class="sectionBox bio"> <div id="hdnBio" style="display: none;"></div> <div class="feature-box bio contentText"> <div class="header-box"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bioContent"></i> Biography </div> <div class="collapse in" id="bioContent"> <div class="content-box"> <div class="description plainText"> <p class="formatContent_firstParagraph"><b>Frances H. Arnold is </b>the Dick and Barbara Dickinson Professor of Chemical Engineering, Biochemistry and Bioengineering at the California Institute of Technology, where she engineers biological molecules and systems by directed evolution. Dr. Arnold received a B.S. in mechanical and aerospace engineering from Princeton University in 1979 and a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of California at Berkeley in 1985. &nbsp;She is listed as co-inventor on more than 30 U.S. patents and has served as science advisor to more than 10 companies, including Maxygen, Amyris, Codexis, Mascoma, and Gevo Inc.,a company she co-founded in 2005 that develops new microbial routes to producing fuels and chemicals from renewable resources. She has received numerous academic awards, including the 2011 Charles Stark Draper Prize, and is one of the select few who is a member of all three membership organizations of the National Academies&mdash;the National Academy of Engineering (2000), the Institute of Medicine in (2004), and the National Academy of Sciences (2008).</p> </div> <a class="readMore" id="buttonBioMore">Read More</a> <a class="readMore" id="buttonBioLess">Read Less</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="compactBox hideOnEmpty" id="personSpeeches"> </div><div class="compactBox hideOnEmpty" id="personAwards"> <div class="sectionBox"> <div class="feature-box contentText"> <div class="header-box"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#ctl06_ctl05_personAwards_awardsTextContent"></i> Awards </div> <div id="ctl06_ctl05_personAwards_awardsTextContent" class="collapse in"> <div class="content-box"> <div class="description"> <ul class="ordList"> <li><label>Prize</label> <span>Draper</span></li> <li><label>Year</label> <span>2011</span></li> <li><label>Citation</label> <span>For directed evolution, a method used worldwide for engineering novel enzymes and biocatalytic processes for pharmaceutical and chemical products.</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></Div></Div></Div></Div> </div> </div> <!-- Controls that need to be displayed only on edit mode --> <div class="centerTwoColLayout"> <div class="centerRightColumn"> </div> <div class="centerLeftColumn"> <div class="centerLeftColumnWrapp"> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> </div> <footer id="footer"> <span class="footer-brand hidden-xs hidden-sm"></span> <div class="footer"> <div class="footer_logo"> <img src="/images/footer_logo.webp" class="img-responsive" alt="logo" /> </div> <div class="footer_content flex space-between"> <div class="left__footer"> <div class='footer-address'id='footer-address' ><a 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