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id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Four-ball+billiards" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Four-ball_billiards&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>Four-ball billiards</b> or <b>four-ball carom</b> (often abbreviated to simply <b>four-ball</b>, and sometimes spelled <b>4-ball</b> or <b>fourball</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Carom_billiards" title="Carom billiards">carom billiards</a> game, played on a <a href="/wiki/Billiard_table#Carom_billiards_tables" title="Billiard table">pocketless table</a> with four <a href="/wiki/Billiard_balls" class="mw-redirect" title="Billiard balls">billiard balls</a>, usually two red and two white, one of the latter with a spot to distinguish it (in some sets, one of the white balls is yellow instead of spotted). Each player is assigned one of the white (or yellow) balls as a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cue_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § cue ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">cue ball</span></a></dfn>. A <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#point" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § point" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">point</span></a></dfn> is scored when a shooter's cue ball <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#carom" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § carom" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">carom</span></a></dfn>s on any two other balls in the same <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#shot" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § shot" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">shot</span></a></dfn> (with the opponent's cue ball serving as an <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#object_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § object ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">object ball</span></a></dfn>, along with the reds, for the shooter). Two points are scored when the shooter caroms on each of the three object balls in a single shot.<sup id="cite_ref-froeshcle_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-froeshcle-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A carom on only one ball results in no points, and ends the shooter's <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#inning" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § inning" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">inning</span></a></dfn>. </p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Four-ball_carom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Four-ball_carom.jpg/300px-Four-ball_carom.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Four-ball_carom.jpg/450px-Four-ball_carom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Four-ball_carom.jpg/600px-Four-ball_carom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="1357"></a><figcaption>Four-ball billiards</figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Asian_variations"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Asian variations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Central_European_variation"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Central European variation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Asian_variations">Asian variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Four-ball_billiards&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Asian variations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>A variant of four-ball is the <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> game <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><i><b>yotsudama</b></i></i></span></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">四つ玉</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> for 'four balls')</span>, or <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn"><i><b>sagu</b></i></i></span> (四球, <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">사구</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> for 'four balls'). </p><p>The game is played with two red object balls, one white cue ball and one yellow cue ball (or sometimes both cue balls are white, one having a red spot). Each of the two players is assigned a white or yellow cue ball; whether the opponent can use it as an object ball is a difference between the Japanese and Korean versions. A point is scored when the shooter caroms on two balls. A carom on only one ball results in no points, and ends the shooter's inning. </p><p>There are a few differences between the <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> variants: </p> <ul><li><b>Starting position</b>: In the Korean version, the cue ball is placed beside one of the red object balls for the opening shot, and play commences by hitting the red ball on the opposite side of the table (as in <a href="/wiki/Three-cushion_billiards" title="Three-cushion billiards">three-cushion billiards</a>). In the Japanese version, the cue ball is placed behind the second red object ball, and play commences by hitting the red object ball nearest to the cue ball.</li> <li><b>Object balls</b>: In the Korean version, a player is penalized a point if the cue ball caroms off the opponent's cue ball. In the Japanese version, doing so is legal, as the opponent's cue ball is available as an object ball; caroming on all three balls scores two points.</li> <li><b>Winning</b>: In the Korean version, after having scored the final point, a win is secured by doing a three-<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cushion" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § cushion" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">cushion</span></a></dfn> shot; until one is successfully played, the player lagging behind can still catch up and win. In this respect, it is similar to the game play of the <a href="/wiki/Darts" title="Darts">darts</a> game <a href="/wiki/Cricket_(darts)" title="Cricket (darts)">cricket</a>. In the Japanese version, the game is simply over when a player reaches the agreed-upon score.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Central_European_variation">Central European variation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Four-ball_billiards&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Central European variation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>A variation of four-ball called <i><b>desítkový karambol</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> for 'tenfold carom') is popular in <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>. It is played with white ball, a blue ball, a yellow ball and a red ball which serves as the cue ball for both players. Players score a point by hitting two of the other three balls with the cue ball. A carom off all three object balls in one shot, however, scores 10 points. The score is doubled by hitting a cushion before hitting any of the other balls for a total of either two or 20 points in one shot. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Four-ball_billiards&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-froeshcle-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-froeshcle_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFroeshcle,_Robert1971" class="citation book cs1">Froeshcle, Robert (1971). <i>Official Rule Book for All Pocket & Carom Billiard Games</i>. Billiard Congress of America.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+Rule+Book+for+All+Pocket+%26+Carom+Billiard+Games&rft.pub=Billiard+Congress+of+America&rft.date=1971&rft.au=Froeshcle%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFour-ball+billiards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Four-ball_billiards&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saluc.com/html/billiard/index.php?idlien=16">Photo of yotsudama balls</a> from a commercial supplier</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tufs.ac.jp/ts/personal/choes/etc/billiards/danggu.html">Article</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span> explaining the differences between the Korean and Japanese variants, and with images showing the different placement of the balls for the opening shot</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volny.cz/hsmolik/velik01/pravidla.htm">Link to a Czech Republic source</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Czech)</span> explaining the rules of Czech four-ball</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysszCBkk93I">Instruction video for Czech four-ball carom</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Czech)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://billardblog.info/regeln/c05-saupartie">German game of saupartie, identical to Czech rules</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.be-ja.nl/spelletjes/spel-met-vier-ballen/">Dutch four-ball rules (honderden)</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ULMPYGvlHY">"4-Ball" Rules Presentation video</a> by the Fédération Française de Billard. Rules are similar to the East Asian ones but using Central European balls and a standard carom starting position.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfbilliards.com/Misc/rules_1914tpr.pdf">1914 rules for four-ball carom</a> by <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Corporation" title="Brunswick Corporation">Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company</a> on pages 9 and 10.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snookergames.co.uk/hisgame14.html">An 1866 excerpt about a historical American game</a>, a variation of <a href="/wiki/English_billiards" title="English billiards">English billiards</a> played on a table with four pockets unlike the versions listed above. Points are scored either by caroming at least two balls or <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#pot" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § pot" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">pot</span></a></dfn>ting balls, but performing <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#in-off" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § in-off" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">in-off</span></a></dfn> rebounds is a foul.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.4ballbilliards.com">A website of another form of 4 Ball Billiards</a> complete with explanation of rules and variations. Unlike the versions listed above, this one is played on an ordinary Pool/Snooker table and points are scored by <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#pot" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § pot" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">pot</span></a></dfn>ting balls or performing <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#in-off" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § in-off" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">in-off</span></a></dfn> rebounds as well as caroming at least two balls; hence the game borrows most rules from <a href="/wiki/English_billiards" title="English billiards">English billiards</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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