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.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="box-Merge_to plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> It has been suggested that this article be <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> into <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Computer_cartography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Computer cartography">Computer cartography</a></i>. (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Computer_cartography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Merge_proposal_for_geologic_mapping_into_computer_cartography" title="Talk:Computer cartography">Discuss</a>)<small><i> Proposed since October 2024.</i></small> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><b>Digital geologic mapping</b> is the process by which <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Whole-Earth_structure" title="Geology">geological features</a> are observed, analyzed, and recorded in the field and displayed in real-time on a computer or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personal digital assistant">personal digital assistant</a> (PDA). The primary function of this <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emerging_technologies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emerging technologies">emerging technology</a> is to produce <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spatial_reference_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spatial reference system">spatially referenced</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geologic_map?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geologic map">geologic maps</a> that can be utilized and updated while conducting <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Field_research?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Field research">field work</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kramer_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kramer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Contour_map_software_screen_snapshot_of_isopach_map_for_8500ft_deep_OIL_reservoir_with_a_Fault_line.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Contour_map_software_screen_snapshot_of_isopach_map_for_8500ft_deep_OIL_reservoir_with_a_Fault_line.jpg/220px-Contour_map_software_screen_snapshot_of_isopach_map_for_8500ft_deep_OIL_reservoir_with_a_Fault_line.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Contour_map_software_screen_snapshot_of_isopach_map_for_8500ft_deep_OIL_reservoir_with_a_Fault_line.jpg/330px-Contour_map_software_screen_snapshot_of_isopach_map_for_8500ft_deep_OIL_reservoir_with_a_Fault_line.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Contour_map_software_screen_snapshot_of_isopach_map_for_8500ft_deep_OIL_reservoir_with_a_Fault_line.jpg/440px-Contour_map_software_screen_snapshot_of_isopach_map_for_8500ft_deep_OIL_reservoir_with_a_Fault_line.jpg 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="1056"></a> <figcaption> Screenshot of a structure map generated by geological mapping software for an 8500 ft deep gas and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petroleum_reservoir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petroleum reservoir">oil reservoir</a> in the Erath field, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vermilion_Parish,_Louisiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vermilion Parish, Louisiana">Vermilion Parish</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erath,_Louisiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erath, Louisiana">Erath</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louisiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>. The left-to-right gap, near the top of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Contour_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Contour line">contour map</a> indicates a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fault_(geology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fault (geology)">Fault line</a>. This fault line is between the blue/green contour lines and the purple/red/yellow contour lines. The thin red circular contour line in the middle of the map indicates the top of the oil reservoir. Because gas floats above oil, the thin red contour line marks the gas/oil contact zone. </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Traditional_geologic_mapping"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Traditional geologic mapping</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mapping_in_the_digital_era"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Mapping in the digital era</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Advantages"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Advantages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Disadvantages"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Disadvantages</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Educational_and_scientific_uses"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Educational and scientific uses</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Equipment"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Equipment</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Common_essential_features"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Common essential features</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Features_essential_to_capture_traditional_geologic_observations"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Features essential to capture traditional geologic observations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Technology"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Technology</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History"><span class="tocnumber">4.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Software"><span class="tocnumber">4.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Software</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Traditional_geologic_mapping">Traditional geologic mapping</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_geologic_mapping&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Traditional geologic mapping" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geologic_map?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geologic map">Geologic mapping</a> is an interpretive process involving multiple types of information, from analytical data to personal observation, all synthesized and recorded by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geologist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geologist">geologist</a>. Geologic observations have traditionally been recorded on paper, whether on standardized note cards, in a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Notebook?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Notebook">notebook</a>, or on a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Map?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Map">map</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barnes-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Mapping_in_the_digital_era">Mapping in the digital era</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_geologic_mapping&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Mapping in the digital era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>In the 21st century, computer technology and software are becoming portable and powerful enough to take on some of the more mundane tasks a geologist must perform <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Field_work?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Field work">in the field</a>, such as precisely locating oneself with a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GPS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> unit, displaying multiple images (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Map?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Map">maps</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satellite_images?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite images">satellite images</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aerial_photography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aerial photography">aerial photography</a>, etc.), plotting <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strike_and_dip?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Strike and dip">strike and dip</a> symbols, and color-coding different physical characteristics of a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithology">lithology</a> or contact type (e.g., <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unconformity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unconformity">unconformity</a>) between rock <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stratum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stratum">strata</a>. Additionally, computers can now perform some tasks that were difficult to accomplish in the field, for example, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Handwriting_recognition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Handwriting recognition">handwriting</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speech_recognition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speech recognition">voice recognition</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Annotating?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Annotating">annotating</a> photographs on the spot.<sup id="cite_ref-Sprinkel_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sprinkel-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital mapping">Digital mapping</a> has positive and negative effects on the mapping process;<sup id="cite_ref-McCaffrey_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-McCaffrey-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only an assessment of its impact on a geological mapping project as a whole shows whether it provides a net benefit. With the use of computers in the field, the recording of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Observations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Observations">observations</a> and basic <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Data_management?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Data management">data management</a> changes dramatically. The use of digital mapping also affects when <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Data_analysis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Data analysis">data analysis</a> occurs in the mapping process, but does not greatly affect the process itself.<sup id="cite_ref-Athey_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Athey-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Advantages">Advantages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_geologic_mapping&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Advantages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li>Data entered by a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geologist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geologist">geologist</a> may have fewer errors than data transcribed by a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Data_entry_clerk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Data entry clerk">data entry clerk</a>.</li> <li>Data entry by geologists in the field may take less total time than subsequent data entry in the office, potentially reducing the overall time needed to complete a project.</li> <li>The spatial extent of real world objects and their <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Attribute_(computing)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Attribute (computing)">attributes</a> can be entered directly into a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Database?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Database">database</a> with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geographic_information_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geographic information system">geographic information system</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GIS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="GIS">GIS</a>) capability. Features can be automatically color-coded and symbolized based on set criteria.</li> <li>Multiple <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Map?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Map">maps</a> and imagery (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geophysical?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Geophysical">geophysical</a> maps, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satellite_images?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite images">satellite images</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orthophoto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orthophoto">orthophotos</a>, etc.) can easily be carried and displayed on-screen.</li> <li>Geologists may upload each other's data files for the next day's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Field_work?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Field work">field work</a> as reference.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Data_analysis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Data analysis">Data analysis</a> may start immediately after returning from the field, since the database has already been populated.</li> <li>Data can be constrained by dictionaries and dropdown menus to ensure that data are recorded systematically and that mandatory data are not forgotten</li> <li>Labour-saving tools and functionality can be provided in the field e.g. structure contours on the fly, and 3D visualisation</li> <li>Systems can be wirelessly connected to other digital field equipment (such as digital cameras and sensor webs)</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Disadvantages">Disadvantages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_geologic_mapping&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Disadvantages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li>Computers and related items (extra batteries, stylus, cameras, etc.) must be carried <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Field_work?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Field work">in the field</a>.</li> <li>Field data entry into the computer may take longer than physically writing on paper, possibly resulting in longer field programs.</li> <li>Data entered by multiple geologists may contain more inconsistencies than data entered by one person, making the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Database?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Database">database</a> more difficult to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Information_retrieval?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Information retrieval">query</a>.</li> <li>Written <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Descriptions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Descriptions">descriptions</a> convey to the reader detailed information through <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imagery_(literature)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imagery (literature)">imagery</a> that may not be communicated by the same data in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parsing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parsing">parsed</a> format.</li> <li>Geologists may be inclined to shorten text descriptions because they are difficult to enter (either by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Handwriting_recognition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Handwriting recognition">handwriting</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speech_recognition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speech recognition">voice recognition</a>), resulting in loss of data.</li> <li>There are no original, hardcopy field maps or notes to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archive">archive</a>. Paper is a more stable medium than digital format.<sup id="cite_ref-Marcum_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Marcum-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Educational_and_scientific_uses">Educational and scientific uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_geologic_mapping&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Educational and scientific uses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"> <table class="box-External_links plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-external_links" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This article's <b>use of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a> may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DDigital_geologic_mapping%26action%3Dedit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links,_images,_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">excessive</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:External links">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">footnote references</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Some universities and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secondary_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secondary education">secondary educators</a> are integrating digital geologic mapping into class work.<sup id="cite_ref-Berque_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Berque-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, The GeoPad project <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://geopad.org">[1]</a> describes the combination of technology, teaching field geology, and geologic mapping in programs such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bowling_Green_State_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bowling Green State University">Bowling Green State University</a>’s geology field camp.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/geology/page58461.html">[2]</a> At Urbino University (Italy) <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%25C3%25A0_di_Urbino" class="extiw" title="it:Università di Urbino">it:Università di Urbino</a>, Field Digital Mapping Techniques are integrated in Earth and Environmental Sciences courses since 2006 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.uniurb.it/ISDA/Eolieweb/index.html">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.uniurb.it/ISDA/sanbartolo/intro.html">[4]</a>. The MapTeach program is designed to provide hands-on digital mapping for middle and high school students.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mapteach.org/">[5]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625010412/http://www.mapteach.org/">Archived</a> 2009-06-25 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The SPLINT <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.le.ac.uk/geography/splint/">[6]</a> project in the UK is using the BGS field mapping system as part of their teaching curriculum</p> <p>Digital mapping technology can be applied to traditional geologic mapping, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reconnaissance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> mapping, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Surveying?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Surveying">surveying</a> of geologic features. At international digital field data capture (DFDC) meetings, major geological surveys (e.g., <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_Geological_Survey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="British Geological Survey">British Geological Survey</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geological_Survey_of_Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geological Survey of Canada">Geological Survey of Canada</a>) discuss how to harness and develop the technology.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/science/dfdc/home.html">[7]</a> Many other geological surveys and private companies are also designing systems to conduct scientific and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Applied_science?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Applied science">applied</a> geological mapping of, for example, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geothermal_springs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Geothermal springs">geothermal springs</a><sup id="cite_ref-Coolbaugh_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Coolbaugh-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and mine sites.<sup id="cite_ref-Montero_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Montero-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_geologic_mapping&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Equipment" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>The initial cost of digital geologic computing and supporting equipment may be significant. In addition, equipment and software must be replaced occasionally due to damage, loss, and obsolescence. Products moving through the market are quickly discontinued as technology and consumer interests evolve. A product that works well for digital mapping may not be available for purchase the following year; however, testing multiple brands and generations of equipment and software is prohibitively expensive.<sup id="cite_ref-Athey_5-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Athey-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Common_essential_features">Common essential features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_geologic_mapping&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Common essential features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Some features of digital mapping equipment are common to both survey or reconnaissance mapping and “traditional” comprehensive mapping. The capture of less data-intensive reconnaissance mapping or survey data in the field can be accomplished by less robust databases and GIS programs, and hardware with a smaller screen size.<sup id="cite_ref-Clegg_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Clegg-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Edmondo_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Edmondo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <ul> <li>Devices and software are intuitive to learn and easy to use</li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/rugged" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/rugged">Rugged</a>, as typically defined by military standards (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MIL-STD-810?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MIL-STD-810">MIL-STD-810</a>) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ingress_protection_rating?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingress protection rating">ingress protection ratings</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waterproof?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterproof">Waterproof</a></li> <li>Screen is easy to read in bright sunlight and on gray sky days</li> <li>Removable static <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Memory_cards?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory cards">memory cards</a> can be used to back up data</li> <li>Memory on board is recoverable</li> <li>Real-time and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Differential_GPS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Differential GPS">post-processing differential correction</a> for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GPS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> locations</li> <li>Portable battery with at least 9 hours of life at near constant use</li> <li>Can change batteries in the field</li> <li>Batteries should have no “<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battery_memory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery memory">memory</a>,” such as with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NiCd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="NiCd">NiCd</a></li> <li>Chargeable by unconventional power sources (generators, solar, etc.)</li> <li>Wireless real-time link to GPS or built-in GPS</li> <li>Wireless real-time link from computer to camera and other <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peripherals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Peripherals">peripherals</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/USB_port?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="USB port">USB port</a>(s)</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Features_essential_to_capture_traditional_geologic_observations">Features essential to capture traditional geologic observations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_geologic_mapping&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Features essential to capture traditional geologic observations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Hardware and software only recently (in 2000) became available that can satisfy most of the criteria necessary for digitally capturing "traditional" mapping data.</p> <ul> <li>Screen about 5 in × 7 in (130 mm × 180 mm)—compact but large enough to see map features. In 2009, some traditional mapping is conducted on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personal digital assistant">PDAs</a>.</li> <li>Lightweight—ideally less than 3 lbs.</li> <li>Transcription to digital text from handwriting and voice recognition.</li> <li>Can store paragraphs of data (text fields).</li> <li>Can store complex <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relational_database?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Relational database">relational database</a> with drop-down lists.</li> <li>Operating system and hardware are compatible with a robust <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GIS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="GIS">GIS</a> program.</li> <li>At least 512 MB memory.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Technology">Technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_geologic_mapping&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Technology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="History">History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_geologic_mapping&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Year(s) available</th> <th>Field system name</th> <th>Base software</th> <th>Hardware used</th> <th>Reference</th> </tr> <tr> <td>1989–1992</td> <td>MERLIN</td> <td>BGS Custom</td> <td>EPSON EHT400E Handheld computer</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1991-1999?</td> <td>FIELDLOG</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AutoCAD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a>, Fieldworker</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apple_Newton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apple Newton">Apple Newton</a> PDA</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Brodaric_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Brodaric-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p><sup id="cite_ref-Brodaric2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Brodaric2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1998–2000</td> <td>G-Map</td> <td>Esri Arc-View</td> <td>PC & Web Based</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TaskForceMajella?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TaskForceMajella">Eni-Temars</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2000–Present</td> <td>GeoEditor</td> <td>Esri Arc-View</td> <td>PC</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-geo.ku.edu_14-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-geo.ku.edu-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2001?–2002?</td> <td>GeoLink</td> <td>Geolink</td> <td>unknown</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Edmondo_11-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Edmondo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2002–2010</td> <td>MIDAS</td> <td>ESRI's ArcPAD and BGS bespoke database</td> <td>iPAQ PDAs</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2002–Present</td> <td>Geopad</td> <td>ESRI's ArcGIS, Microsoft OneNote, etc.</td> <td>Rugged Tablet PCs and Tablet PCs</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2004–Present</td> <td>Geomapper</td> <td>ESRI's ArcGIS</td> <td>Rugged Tablet PCs and Tablet PCs</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-geo.ku.edu_14-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-geo.ku.edu-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2004–2008</td> <td>Map IT (not longer available)</td> <td>Map IT</td> <td>Ruggedized Tablet PC</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-De_Donatis1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-De_Donatis1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p><sup id="cite_ref-De_Donatis2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-De_Donatis2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.uniurb.it/ISDA/MAPIT/">[8]</a></p><p><sup id="cite_ref-Brown_19-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Brown-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2006–2008</td> <td>Geologic Data Assistant (GDA)</td> <td>customized ArcPad 6.0.3 (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Environmental_Systems_Research_Institute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Systems Research Institute">ESRI</a>)</td> <td>Ruggedized PDA</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Thoms_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Thoms-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2001–2010</td> <td>ArcPad</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Environmental_Systems_Research_Institute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Systems Research Institute">ESRI</a>'s ArcPad</td> <td>Ruggedized PDA or Tablet PC</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Edmondo_11-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Edmondo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2002?–2010</td> <td>GeoMapper</td> <td>PenMap <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.Penmap.com">[9]</a></td> <td>Ruggedized PDA or Tablet PC</td> <td><p><sup id="cite_ref-Brimhall1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Brimhall1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><sup id="cite_ref-Brimhall2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Brimhall2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2006?–2010</td> <td>SAIC GeoRover</td> <td>Extension for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Environmental_Systems_Research_Institute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Systems Research Institute">ESRI</a>'s <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ArcGIS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ArcGIS">ArcGIS</a></td> <td>Ruggedized PDA or Tablet PC</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126225710/http://www.esri.com/industries/defense/pdfs/georover.pdf">[10]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2003–2010</td> <td>GAFAG GeoRover (name protected in Europe)</td> <td>Mobile geological information system</td> <td>Ruggedized PDA, Tablet PC, Desktop PC, Laptop</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719030556/http://www.gaf.de/sites/default/files/content/portfolio_software_gaf_product/GeoRover/GeoRover_0.pdf">[11]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2000?–2010</td> <td>BGS-SIGMAmobile <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/science/3dmodelling/sigma.html">[12]</a></td> <td>Customized <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ArcGIS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ArcGIS">ArcGIS</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MS_Access?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="MS Access">MS Access</a>, InfiNotes</td> <td>Ruggedized Tablet PC</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/science/3dmodelling/sigma.html">[13]</a> <p><sup id="cite_ref-Jordan_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Jordan-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2008–Present</td> <td>BeeGIS</td> <td>Built on top of uDig <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902041742/http://jgrass.wiki.software.bz.it/jgrass/BeeGIS">[14]</a></td> <td>Tablet PC (ruggized or not), Desktop PC, Laptop (Win, Mac or Linux Systems)</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.beegis.org/">[15]</a> <p><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2011–Present</td> <td>FieldMove <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mve.com/software/fieldmove/">[16]</a></td> <td>Midland Valley's Move</td> <td>Tablet PC (ruggized or not), Desktop PC, Laptop (Windows XP or later)</td> <td><p><sup id="cite_ref-Bond_25-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bond-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td>??-Present</td> <td>QField</td> <td>QGIS</td> <td>Tablet or Smartphone</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qfield.org/">https://qfield.org/</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>?? - Present</td> <td>Mergin Maps</td> <td>QGIS</td> <td>Tablet, Smartphone, Desktop PC, Laptop</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://merginmaps.com/">https://merginmaps.com/</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Software">Software</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_geologic_mapping&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Software" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Since every geologic mapping project covers an area with unique <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithologies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithologies">lithologies</a> and complexities, and every geologist has a unique style of mapping, no software is perfect for digital geologic mapping out of the box. The geologist can choose to either modify their mapping style to the available software, or modify the software to their mapping style, which may require extensive programming. As of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DDigital_geologic_mapping%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a></sup>, available geologic mapping software requires some degree of customization for a given geologic mapping project. Some digital-mapping geologists/programmers have chosen to highly customize or extend ESRI's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ArcGIS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ArcGIS">ArcGIS</a> instead. At digital field data capture meetings such as at the British Geological Survey in 2002 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/science/dfdc/abstracts.html">[17]</a> some organisations agreed to share development experiences, and some software systems are now available to download for free.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_geologic_mapping&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kramer-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kramer_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKramer2000" class="citation conference cs1">Kramer, John (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-325/kramer.html">"Digital Mapping Systems for Field Data Collection"</a>. <i>Digital Mapping Techniques '00 -- Workshop Proceedings</i>. 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Open-File Report 00-325.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Digital+Mapping+Systems+for+Field+Data+Collection&rft.btitle=Digital+Mapping+Techniques+%2700+--+Workshop+Proceedings&rft.pub=U.S.+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fof%2F2000%2Fof00-325%2Fkramer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+geologic+mapping" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Barnes-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barnes_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnesLisle2004" class="citation book cs1">Barnes, John; Lisle, Richard (2004). <i>Basic Geological Mapping</i>. 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Freeman, Lawrence; Woods, Kenneth (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/pubs?reqtype%3Dcitation%26ID%3D17821">"The transition from traditional to digital mapping: Maintaining data quality while increasing geologic mapping efficiency in Alaska"</a>, <i>Newsletter 2008-2</i>, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, pp. 1–12</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsletter+2008-2&rft.atitle=The+transition+from+traditional+to+digital+mapping%3A+Maintaining+data+quality+while+increasing+geologic+mapping+efficiency+in+Alaska&rft.pages=1-12&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Athey&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Freeman%2C+Lawrence&rft.au=Woods%2C+Kenneth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us%2Fpubs%2Fpubs%3Freqtype%3Dcitation%26ID%3D17821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+geologic+mapping" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Marcum-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Marcum_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcumFriedlander2003" class="citation cs2">Marcum, Deanna; Friedlander, Amy (May 2003), "Keepers of the Crumbling Culture: What Digital Preservation Can Learn from Library History", <i>D-Lib Magazine</i>, <b>9</b> (5), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1045%252Fmay2003-friedlander">10.1045/may2003-friedlander</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=D-Lib+Magazine&rft.atitle=Keepers+of+the+Crumbling+Culture%3A+What+Digital+Preservation+Can+Learn+from+Library+History&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2003-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1045%2Fmay2003-friedlander&rft.aulast=Marcum&rft.aufirst=Deanna&rft.au=Friedlander%2C+Amy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+geologic+mapping" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Berque-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Berque_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerquePreyReed2006" class="citation book cs1">Berque, Dave; Prey, Jane; Reed, Robert (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/impactoftabletpc0000unse/page/1"><i>Impact of Tablet PC's and Pen-based Technology on Education : Vignettes, Evaluations, And Future Directions</i></a>. Purdue University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/impactoftabletpc0000unse/page/1">1–200</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-434-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-434-7"><bdi>978-1-55753-434-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Impact+of+Tablet+PC%27s+and+Pen-based+Technology+on+Education+%3A+Vignettes%2C+Evaluations%2C+And+Future+Directions&rft.pages=1-200&rft.pub=Purdue+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-55753-434-7&rft.aulast=Berque&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft.au=Prey%2C+Jane&rft.au=Reed%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimpactoftabletpc0000unse%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+geologic+mapping" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Coolbaugh-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Coolbaugh_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoolbaughSladekKrattEdmondo2004" class="citation conference cs2">Coolbaugh, Mark; 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Open-File Report 01-223.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Removing+Science+Workflow+Barriers+to+Adoption+of+Digital+Geological+Mapping+by+Using+the+GeoMapper+Universal+Program+and+Visual+User+Interface&rft.btitle=Digital+Mapping+Techniques+%2701+--+Workshop+Proceedings&rft.pub=U.S.+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Brimhall&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Vanegas%2C+Abel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fof%2F2001%2Fof01-223%2Fbrimhall.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+geologic+mapping" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Brimhall2-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Brimhall2_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrimhallVanegasLerch2002" class="citation conference cs1">Brimhall, G.; Vanegas, A.; Lerch, D. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-370/brimhall.html">"GeoMapper program for paperless field mapping with seamless map production in ESRI ArcMap and GeoLogger for drill-hole data capture: applications in geology, astronomy, environmental remediation, and raised-relief models"</a>. <i>Digital Mapping Techniques '02 -- Workshop Proceedings</i>. U.S. Geological Survey. pp. 141–152. Open-File Report 02-370.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=GeoMapper+program+for+paperless+field+mapping+with+seamless+map+production+in+ESRI+ArcMap+and+GeoLogger+for+drill-hole+data+capture%3A+applications+in+geology%2C+astronomy%2C+environmental+remediation%2C+and+raised-relief+models&rft.btitle=Digital+Mapping+Techniques+%2702+--+Workshop+Proceedings&rft.pages=141-152&rft.pub=U.S.+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Brimhall&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Vanegas%2C+A.&rft.au=Lerch%2C+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fof%2F2002%2Fof02-370%2Fbrimhall.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+geologic+mapping" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Jordan-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Jordan_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan2009" class="citation conference cs1">Jordan, Colm (May 10–13, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/dmt/docs/DMT09_Jordan.pdf">"SIGMAmobile, the British Geological Survey digital field mapping system in action"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Digital Mapping Techniques '09</i>. Morgantown, West Virginia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=SIGMAmobile%2C+the+British+Geological+Survey+digital+field+mapping+system+in+action&rft.btitle=Digital+Mapping+Techniques+%2709&rft.place=Morgantown%2C+West+Virginia&rft.date=2009-05-10%2F2009-05-13&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=Colm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fngmdb.usgs.gov%2FInfo%2Fdmt%2Fdocs%2FDMT09_Jordan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+geologic+mapping" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Donatis2009" class="citation conference cs1">De Donatis, Mauro (May 10–13, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1335/pdf/usgs_of2010-1335_DeDonatis.pdf">"BeeGIS: a new open source and multiplatform field GIS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Digital Mapping Techniques '09</i>. Morgantown, West Virginia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=BeeGIS%3A+a+new+open+source+and+multiplatform+field+GIS&rft.btitle=Digital+Mapping+Techniques+%2709&rft.place=Morgantown%2C+West+Virginia&rft.date=2009-05-10%2F2009-05-13&rft.aulast=De+Donatis&rft.aufirst=Mauro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fof%2F2010%2F1335%2Fpdf%2Fusgs_of2010-1335_DeDonatis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+geologic+mapping" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bond-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_geologic_mapping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bond_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBondClellandButler2010" class="citation web cs1">Bond, Clare; Clelland, S.; Butler, R. (31 October – 3 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2010AM/finalprogram/abstract_179600.htm">"Applying Digital Mapping Techniques to Classic Geological Areas in North West Scotland and the French Alps - Aiding Structural Geology Prediction Through 3D visualisation and Model Building"</a>. <i>2010 GSA Denver Annual Meeting</i> (Abstract). Denver, Colorado.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2010+GSA+Denver+Annual+Meeting&rft.atitle=Applying+Digital+Mapping+Techniques+to+Classic+Geological+Areas+in+North+West+Scotland+and+the+French+Alps+-+Aiding+Structural+Geology+Prediction+Through+3D+visualisation+and+Model+Building&rft.date=2010-10-31%2F2010-11-03&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=Clare&rft.au=Clelland%2C+S.&rft.au=Butler%2C+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgsa.confex.com%2Fgsa%2F2010AM%2Ffinalprogram%2Fabstract_179600.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+geologic+mapping" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Digital_geologic_mapping&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bowling_Green_State_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bowling Green State University">Bowling Green State University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010123828/http://personal.bgsu.edu/~conasch/Digital_Mapping/Digital_Mapping_Home.htm">digital geologic mapping</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/pubs?reqtype%3Dcitation%26ID%3D17821">Digital geologic mapping program</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/">Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/dmt/">Proceedings</a> of Digital Mapping Techniques workshop</li> <li>The System for Integrated Geoscience Mapping (SIGMA) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/science/3dmodelling/sigma.html">[18]</a> within the Earth and Planetary Observation and Monitoring Team] <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/technologies_epo.html">[19]</a> of the British Geological Survey</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828074812/http://www.geo.ku.edu/programs/tectonics/digitalmapping/mappingwebpage.html">[20]</a> - Digital Geologic Mapping at the University of Kansas Geology</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://geopad.org/">Geopad Project</a> - Information Technology for Field Science Education and Research</li> </ul> <p>Richardson Geological Consulting</p> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://richardson-geoscience.com/">GIS Mapping</a> - GIS mapping information for mineral exploration</li> </ul>   </section> </div> 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