CSV - ParadeDB

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href="/changelog/0.15.12"><div class="mr-4 rounded-md p-1 shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 group-hover:brightness-100 group-hover:ring-0 ring-1 ring-gray-950/5 dark:ring-gray-700/40"><svg class="h-4 w-4 secondary-opacity group-hover:fill-primary-dark group-hover:bg-white bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/duotone/clock.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/duotone/clock.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg></div>Changelog</a></li><div class="mt-12 lg:mt-8"><h5 class="pl-4 mb-3.5 lg:mb-2.5 font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Integrations</h5><ul><li id="/integrations/overview" class="relative scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/integrations/overview"><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Overview</div></div></a></li><li><div class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem"><div class="">File/Table Formats</div><svg width="8" height="24" viewBox="0 -9 3 24" class="transition-transform text-gray-400 overflow-visible group-hover:text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-600 dark:group-hover:text-gray-400 -mr-0.5 duration-75 rotate-90"><path d="M0 0L3 3L0 6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></div><ul><li id="/integrations/formats/csv" class="relative scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl bg-primary/10 text-primary font-semibold dark:text-primary-light dark:bg-primary-light/10" style="padding-left:1.75rem" href="/integrations/formats/csv"><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>CSV</div></div></a></li><li id="/integrations/formats/json" class="relative scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1.75rem" href="/integrations/formats/json"><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>JSON</div></div></a></li><li id="/integrations/formats/parquet" class="relative scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1.75rem" href="/integrations/formats/parquet"><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Parquet</div></div></a></li><li id="/integrations/formats/spatial" class="relative scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1.75rem" href="/integrations/formats/spatial"><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Geospatial</div></div></a></li><li id="/integrations/formats/iceberg" class="relative scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1.75rem" href="/integrations/formats/iceberg"><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Iceberg</div></div></a></li><li id="/integrations/formats/delta" class="relative scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1.75rem" href="/integrations/formats/delta"><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Delta Lake</div></div></a></li></ul></li><li><div class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem"><div class="">Object Stores</div><svg width="8" height="24" viewBox="0 -9 3 24" class="transition-transform text-gray-400 overflow-visible group-hover:text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-600 dark:group-hover:text-gray-400 -mr-0.5"><path d="M0 0L3 3L0 6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></div></li><li><div class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem"><div class="">Configuration</div><svg width="8" height="24" viewBox="0 -9 3 24" class="transition-transform text-gray-400 overflow-visible group-hover:text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-600 dark:group-hover:text-gray-400 -mr-0.5"><path d="M0 0L3 3L0 6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="" id="content-container"><div class="flex flex-row gap-12 box-border w-full pt-40 lg:pt-10"><div class="relative grow box-border flex-col w-full mx-auto px-1 lg:pl-[23.7rem] lg:-ml-12 xl:w-[calc(100%-28rem)]" id="content-area"><header id="header" class="relative"><div class="mt-0.5 space-y-2.5"><div class="eyebrow h-5 text-primary dark:text-primary-light text-sm font-semibold">File/Table Formats</div><div class="flex items-center relative"><h1 class="inline-block text-2xl sm:text-3xl font-bold text-gray-900 tracking-tight dark:text-gray-200">CSV</h1></div></div></header><div class="flex flex-col gap-8"></div><div class="relative mt-8 prose prose-gray dark:prose-invert"><h2 class="flex whitespace-pre-wrap group font-semibold" id="overview"><div class="absolute"><a href="#overview" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover:opacity-100" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><span class="cursor-pointer">Overview</span></h2> <p>This code block demonstrates how to query CSV file(s).</p> <div class="mt-5 mb-8 not-prose rounded-2xl relative group text-gray-50 bg-[#0F1117] dark:bg-codeblock ring-1 ring-transparent dark:ring-gray-800/50 codeblock-dark"><div class="min-w-full relative text-sm leading-6 children:!my-0 children:!shadow-none children:!bg-transparent transition-[height] duration-300 ease-in-out" style="font-variant-ligatures:none;height:auto"><div class="overflow-x-auto h-full p-5 [&>pre>code]:pr-[3rem] [&>pre>code>span.line-highlight]:min-w-[calc(100%+3rem)] overflow-y-hidden scrollbar-thin scrollbar-thumb-rounded scrollbar-thumb-white/20 dark:scrollbar-thumb-white/20 hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25"><pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">DATA</span> WRAPPER <span class="token operator"><</span>wrapper_name<span class="token operator">></span></span> <span class=""><span class="token keyword">HANDLER</span> csv_fdw_handler</span> <span class="">VALIDATOR csv_fdw_validator<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span>  <span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> SERVER <span class="token operator"><</span>server_name<span class="token operator">></span></span> <span class=""><span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">DATA</span> WRAPPER <span class="token operator"><</span>wrapper_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></span>  <span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="">SERVER <span class="token operator"><</span>server_name<span class="token operator">></span></span> <span class="">OPTIONS <span class="token punctuation">(</span>files <span class="token string">'<files>'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></span> </code></pre></div></div></div> <div role="button" class="border-standard rounded-2xl mb-3 overflow-hidden bg-background-light dark:bg-codeblock cursor-default"><button class="relative not-prose flex flex-row items-center content-center w-full py-4 px-5 space-x-2 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:dark:bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl" aria-controls="example-usage accordion children" aria-expanded="false"><div id="example-usage" class="absolute -top-[4.5rem]"></div><div class="mr-0.5"><svg class="h-3 w-3 transition bg-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-400 duration-75" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg></div><div class="leading-tight text-left" contenteditable="false"><p class="m-0 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Example Usage</p></div></button><div id="example-usage accordion children" role="contentinfo" class="mt-2 mb-4 mx-6 hidden overflow-x-auto cursor-default"><div class="mt-5 mb-8 not-prose rounded-2xl relative group text-gray-50 bg-[#0F1117] dark:bg-codeblock ring-1 ring-transparent dark:ring-gray-800/50 codeblock-dark"><div class="min-w-full relative text-sm leading-6 children:!my-0 children:!shadow-none children:!bg-transparent transition-[height] duration-300 ease-in-out" style="font-variant-ligatures:none;height:auto"><div class="overflow-x-auto h-full p-5 [&>pre>code]:pr-[3rem] [&>pre>code>span.line-highlight]:min-w-[calc(100%+3rem)] overflow-y-hidden scrollbar-thin scrollbar-thumb-rounded scrollbar-thumb-white/20 dark:scrollbar-thumb-white/20 hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25"><pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">DATA</span> WRAPPER csv_wrapper</span> <span class=""><span class="token keyword">HANDLER</span> csv_fdw_handler</span> <span class="">VALIDATOR csv_fdw_validator<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span>  <span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> SERVER csv_server</span> <span class=""><span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">DATA</span> WRAPPER csv_wrapper<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span>  <span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> csv_table <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="">SERVER csv_server</span> <span class="">OPTIONS <span class="token punctuation">(</span>files <span class="token string">'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></span>  </code></pre></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-wrapper-name"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-wrapper-name" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">wrapper_name</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-red-100/50 dark:bg-red-400/10 text-red-600 dark:text-red-300 font-medium whitespace-nowrap">required</div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Foreign data wrapper name. Can be any string.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-server-name"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-server-name" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">server_name</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-red-100/50 dark:bg-red-400/10 text-red-600 dark:text-red-300 font-medium whitespace-nowrap">required</div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Foreign server name. Can be any string.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-table-name"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-table-name" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">table_name</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-red-100/50 dark:bg-red-400/10 text-red-600 dark:text-red-300 font-medium whitespace-nowrap">required</div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Foreign table name. Can be any string.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-files"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-files" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">files</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-red-100/50 dark:bg-red-400/10 text-red-600 dark:text-red-300 font-medium whitespace-nowrap">required</div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>The path of a single CSV file or <a href="/_sites/docs.paradedb.com/integrations/formats/csv#multiple-csv-files">multiple CSV files</a>. For instance, <code>s3://bucket/folder/file.csv</code> if the file is in Amazon S3, <code>https://domain.tld/file.csv</code> if the file is on a HTTP server, or <code>/path/to/file.csv</code> if the file is on the local file system.</p></div></div> <h2 class="flex whitespace-pre-wrap group font-semibold" id="csv-options"><div class="absolute"><a href="#csv-options" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover:opacity-100" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><span class="cursor-pointer">CSV Options</span></h2> <p>There are a number of options that can be passed into the <code>CREATE FOREIGN TABLE</code> statement. These are the same <a href="https://duckdb.org/docs/data/csv/overview#parameters" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">options</a> accepted by DuckDB’s <code>read_csv</code> function.</p> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-all-varchar"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-all-varchar" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">all_varchar</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"false"</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Option to skip type detection for CSV parsing and assume all columns to be of type<code>VARCHAR</code>.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-allow-quoted-nulls"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-allow-quoted-nulls" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">allow_quoted_nulls</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"true"</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Option to allow the conversion of quoted values to <code>NULL</code> values.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-auto-detect"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-auto-detect" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">auto_detect</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"true"</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Enables auto detection of CSV parameters. See <a href="https://duckdb.org/docs/data/csv/auto_detection.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Auto Detection</a>.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-auto-type-candidates"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-auto-type-candidates" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">auto_type_candidates</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>This option allows you to specify the types that the sniffer will use when detecting CSV column types. The <code>VARCHAR</code> type is always included in the detected types (as a fallback option). See <a href="https://duckdb.org/docs/data/csv/overview#auto_type_candidates-details" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Auto Type Candidates</a>.</p><div role="button" class="border-standard rounded-2xl mb-3 overflow-hidden bg-background-light dark:bg-codeblock cursor-default"><button class="relative not-prose flex flex-row items-center content-center w-full py-4 px-5 space-x-2 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:dark:bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl" aria-controls="example-usage accordion children" aria-expanded="false"><div id="example-usage" class="absolute -top-[4.5rem]"></div><div class="mr-0.5"><svg class="h-3 w-3 transition bg-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-400 duration-75" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg></div><div class="leading-tight text-left" contenteditable="false"><p class="m-0 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Example Usage</p></div></button><div id="example-usage accordion children" role="contentinfo" class="mt-2 mb-4 mx-6 hidden overflow-x-auto cursor-default"><div class="mt-5 mb-8 not-prose rounded-2xl relative group text-gray-50 bg-[#0F1117] dark:bg-codeblock ring-1 ring-transparent dark:ring-gray-800/50 codeblock-dark"><div class="min-w-full relative text-sm leading-6 children:!my-0 children:!shadow-none children:!bg-transparent transition-[height] duration-300 ease-in-out" style="font-variant-ligatures:none;height:auto"><div class="overflow-x-auto h-full p-5 [&>pre>code]:pr-[3rem] [&>pre>code>span.line-highlight]:min-w-[calc(100%+3rem)] overflow-y-hidden scrollbar-thin scrollbar-thumb-rounded scrollbar-thumb-white/20 dark:scrollbar-thumb-white/20 hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25"><pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> csv_table <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="">SERVER csv_server</span> <span class="">OPTIONS <span class="token punctuation">(</span></span> <span class=""> files <span class="token string">'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></span> <span class=""> auto_type_candidates <span class="token string">'BIGINT, DATE'</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></span> </code></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-columns"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-columns" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">columns</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>A struct that specifies the column names and column types contained within the CSV file (e.g., <code>{'col1': 'INTEGER', 'col2': 'VARCHAR'}</code>). Using this option implies that auto detection is not used.</p><div role="button" class="border-standard rounded-2xl mb-3 overflow-hidden bg-background-light dark:bg-codeblock cursor-default"><button class="relative not-prose flex flex-row items-center content-center w-full py-4 px-5 space-x-2 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:dark:bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl" aria-controls="example-usage accordion children" aria-expanded="false"><div id="example-usage" class="absolute -top-[4.5rem]"></div><div class="mr-0.5"><svg class="h-3 w-3 transition bg-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-400 duration-75" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg></div><div class="leading-tight text-left" contenteditable="false"><p class="m-0 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Example Usage</p></div></button><div id="example-usage accordion children" role="contentinfo" class="mt-2 mb-4 mx-6 hidden overflow-x-auto cursor-default"><div class="mt-5 mb-8 not-prose rounded-2xl relative group text-gray-50 bg-[#0F1117] dark:bg-codeblock ring-1 ring-transparent dark:ring-gray-800/50 codeblock-dark"><div class="min-w-full relative text-sm leading-6 children:!my-0 children:!shadow-none children:!bg-transparent transition-[height] duration-300 ease-in-out" style="font-variant-ligatures:none;height:auto"><div class="overflow-x-auto h-full p-5 [&>pre>code]:pr-[3rem] [&>pre>code>span.line-highlight]:min-w-[calc(100%+3rem)] overflow-y-hidden scrollbar-thin scrollbar-thumb-rounded scrollbar-thumb-white/20 dark:scrollbar-thumb-white/20 hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25"><pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class=""><span class="token comment">-- Dollar-quoted strings are used to contain single quotes</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> csv_table <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="">SERVER csv_server</span> <span class="">OPTIONS <span class="token punctuation">(</span></span> <span class=""> files <span class="token string">'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></span> <span class=""> <span class="token keyword">columns</span> $${<span class="token string">'FlightDate'</span>: <span class="token string">'DATE'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'UniqueCarrier'</span>: <span class="token string">'VARCHAR'</span>}$$</span> <span class=""><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></span> </code></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-compression"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-compression" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">compression</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"auto"</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>The compression type for the file. By default this will be detected automatically from the file extension (e.g., <code>t.csv.gz</code> will use <code>gzip</code>, <code>t.csv</code> will use <code>none</code>). Options are <code>none</code>, <code>gzip</code>, <code>zstd</code>.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-dateformat"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-dateformat" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">dateformat</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Specifies the date format to use when parsing dates. See <a href="https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/functions/dateformat.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Date Format</a>.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-decimal-separator"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-decimal-separator" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">decimal_separator</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"."</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>The decimal separator of numbers.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-delim"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-delim" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">delim</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>","</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Specifies the delimiter character that separates columns within each row (line) of the file. Alias for <code>sep</code>.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-escape"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-escape" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">escape</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"\""</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Specifies the string that should appear before a data character sequence that matches the quote value.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-filename"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-filename" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">filename</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"false"</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Whether or not an extra filename column should be included in the result.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-force-not-null"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-force-not-null" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">force_not_null</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Do not match the specified columns’ values against the <code>NULL</code> string. In the default case where the <code>NULL</code> string is empty, this means that empty values will be read as zero-length strings rather than NULLs.</p><div role="button" class="border-standard rounded-2xl mb-3 overflow-hidden bg-background-light dark:bg-codeblock cursor-default"><button class="relative not-prose flex flex-row items-center content-center w-full py-4 px-5 space-x-2 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:dark:bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl" aria-controls="example-usage accordion children" aria-expanded="false"><div id="example-usage" class="absolute -top-[4.5rem]"></div><div class="mr-0.5"><svg class="h-3 w-3 transition bg-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-400 duration-75" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg></div><div class="leading-tight text-left" contenteditable="false"><p class="m-0 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Example Usage</p></div></button><div id="example-usage accordion children" role="contentinfo" class="mt-2 mb-4 mx-6 hidden overflow-x-auto cursor-default"><div class="mt-5 mb-8 not-prose rounded-2xl relative group text-gray-50 bg-[#0F1117] dark:bg-codeblock ring-1 ring-transparent dark:ring-gray-800/50 codeblock-dark"><div class="min-w-full relative text-sm leading-6 children:!my-0 children:!shadow-none children:!bg-transparent transition-[height] duration-300 ease-in-out" style="font-variant-ligatures:none;height:auto"><div class="overflow-x-auto h-full p-5 [&>pre>code]:pr-[3rem] [&>pre>code>span.line-highlight]:min-w-[calc(100%+3rem)] overflow-y-hidden scrollbar-thin scrollbar-thumb-rounded scrollbar-thumb-white/20 dark:scrollbar-thumb-white/20 hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25"><pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class=""><span class="token comment">-- Dollar-quoted strings are used to contain single quotes</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> csv_table <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="">SERVER csv_server</span> <span class="">OPTIONS <span class="token punctuation">(</span></span> <span class=""> files <span class="token string">'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></span> <span class=""> force_not_null <span class="token string">'FlightDate, UniqueCarrier'</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></span> </code></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-header"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-header" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">header</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"false"</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Specifies that the file contains a header line with the names of each column in the file.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-hive-partitioning"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-hive-partitioning" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">hive_partitioning</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"false"</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Whether or not to interpret the path as a Hive partitioned path.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-hive-types"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-hive-types" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">hive_types</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>If <code>hive_partitioning</code> is enabled, <code>hive_types</code> can be used to specify the logical types of the hive partitions in a struct.</p><div role="button" class="border-standard rounded-2xl mb-3 overflow-hidden bg-background-light dark:bg-codeblock cursor-default"><button class="relative not-prose flex flex-row items-center content-center w-full py-4 px-5 space-x-2 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:dark:bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl" aria-controls="example-usage accordion children" aria-expanded="false"><div id="example-usage" class="absolute -top-[4.5rem]"></div><div class="mr-0.5"><svg class="h-3 w-3 transition bg-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-400 duration-75" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg></div><div class="leading-tight text-left" contenteditable="false"><p class="m-0 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Example Usage</p></div></button><div id="example-usage accordion children" role="contentinfo" class="mt-2 mb-4 mx-6 hidden overflow-x-auto cursor-default"><div class="mt-5 mb-8 not-prose rounded-2xl relative group text-gray-50 bg-[#0F1117] dark:bg-codeblock ring-1 ring-transparent dark:ring-gray-800/50 codeblock-dark"><div class="min-w-full relative text-sm leading-6 children:!my-0 children:!shadow-none children:!bg-transparent transition-[height] duration-300 ease-in-out" style="font-variant-ligatures:none;height:auto"><div class="overflow-x-auto h-full p-5 [&>pre>code]:pr-[3rem] [&>pre>code>span.line-highlight]:min-w-[calc(100%+3rem)] overflow-y-hidden scrollbar-thin scrollbar-thumb-rounded scrollbar-thumb-white/20 dark:scrollbar-thumb-white/20 hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25"><pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class=""><span class="token comment">-- Dollar-quoted strings are used to contain single quotes</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> csv_table <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="">SERVER csv_server</span> <span class="">OPTIONS <span class="token punctuation">(</span></span> <span class=""> files <span class="token string">'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></span> <span class=""> hive_partitioning <span class="token string">'true'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></span> <span class=""> hive_types $${<span class="token string">'release'</span>: <span class="token keyword">DATE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'orders'</span>: <span class="token keyword">BIGINT</span>}$$</span> <span class=""><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></span> </code></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-hive-types-autocast"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-hive-types-autocast" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">hive_types_autocast</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>hive_types will be autodetected for the following types: <code>DATE</code>, <code>TIMESTAMP</code> and <code>BIGINT</code>. To switch off the autodetection, this option can be set to <code>0</code>.</p><div role="button" class="border-standard rounded-2xl mb-3 overflow-hidden bg-background-light dark:bg-codeblock cursor-default"><button class="relative not-prose flex flex-row items-center content-center w-full py-4 px-5 space-x-2 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:dark:bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl" aria-controls="example-usage accordion children" aria-expanded="false"><div id="example-usage" class="absolute -top-[4.5rem]"></div><div class="mr-0.5"><svg class="h-3 w-3 transition bg-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-400 duration-75" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg></div><div class="leading-tight text-left" contenteditable="false"><p class="m-0 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Example Usage</p></div></button><div id="example-usage accordion children" role="contentinfo" class="mt-2 mb-4 mx-6 hidden overflow-x-auto cursor-default"><div class="mt-5 mb-8 not-prose rounded-2xl relative group text-gray-50 bg-[#0F1117] dark:bg-codeblock ring-1 ring-transparent dark:ring-gray-800/50 codeblock-dark"><div class="min-w-full relative text-sm leading-6 children:!my-0 children:!shadow-none children:!bg-transparent transition-[height] duration-300 ease-in-out" style="font-variant-ligatures:none;height:auto"><div class="overflow-x-auto h-full p-5 [&>pre>code]:pr-[3rem] [&>pre>code>span.line-highlight]:min-w-[calc(100%+3rem)] overflow-y-hidden scrollbar-thin scrollbar-thumb-rounded scrollbar-thumb-white/20 dark:scrollbar-thumb-white/20 hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25"><pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> csv_table <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="">SERVER csv_server</span> <span class="">OPTIONS <span class="token punctuation">(</span></span> <span class=""> files <span class="token string">'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></span> <span class=""> hive_partitioning <span class="token string">'true'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></span> <span class=""> hive_types $${<span class="token string">'release'</span>: <span class="token keyword">DATE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'orders'</span>: <span class="token keyword">BIGINT</span>}$$<span class="token punctuation">,</span></span> <span class=""> hive_types_autocast <span class="token string">'0'</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></span> </code></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-ignore-errors"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-ignore-errors" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">ignore_errors</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"false"</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Option to ignore any parsing errors encountered and instead ignore rows with errors.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-max-line-size"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-max-line-size" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">max_line_size</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"2097152"</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>The maximum line size in bytes.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-names"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-names" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">names</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>The column names as a list if the file does not contain a header.</p><div role="button" class="border-standard rounded-2xl mb-3 overflow-hidden bg-background-light dark:bg-codeblock cursor-default"><button class="relative not-prose flex flex-row items-center content-center w-full py-4 px-5 space-x-2 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:dark:bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl" aria-controls="example-usage accordion children" aria-expanded="false"><div id="example-usage" class="absolute -top-[4.5rem]"></div><div class="mr-0.5"><svg class="h-3 w-3 transition bg-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-400 duration-75" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg></div><div class="leading-tight text-left" contenteditable="false"><p class="m-0 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Example Usage</p></div></button><div id="example-usage accordion children" role="contentinfo" class="mt-2 mb-4 mx-6 hidden overflow-x-auto cursor-default"><div class="mt-5 mb-8 not-prose rounded-2xl relative group text-gray-50 bg-[#0F1117] dark:bg-codeblock ring-1 ring-transparent dark:ring-gray-800/50 codeblock-dark"><div class="min-w-full relative text-sm leading-6 children:!my-0 children:!shadow-none children:!bg-transparent transition-[height] duration-300 ease-in-out" style="font-variant-ligatures:none;height:auto"><div class="overflow-x-auto h-full p-5 [&>pre>code]:pr-[3rem] [&>pre>code>span.line-highlight]:min-w-[calc(100%+3rem)] overflow-y-hidden scrollbar-thin scrollbar-thumb-rounded scrollbar-thumb-white/20 dark:scrollbar-thumb-white/20 hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25"><pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class=""><span class="token comment">-- Dollar-quoted strings are used to contain single quotes</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> csv_table <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="">SERVER csv_server</span> <span class="">OPTIONS <span class="token punctuation">(</span></span> <span class=""> files <span class="token string">'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></span> <span class=""> names <span class="token string">'FlightDate, UniqueCarrier'</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></span> </code></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-new-line"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-new-line" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">new_line</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Set the new line character(s) in the file. Options are ‘\r’,‘\n’, or ‘\r\n’.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-normalize-names"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-normalize-names" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">normalize_names</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"false"</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Boolean value that specifies whether or not column names should be normalized, removing any non-alphanumeric characters from them.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-null-padding"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-null-padding" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">null_padding</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"false"</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>If this option is enabled, when a row lacks columns, it will pad the remaining columns on the right with null values.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-nullstr"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-nullstr" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">nullstr</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Specifies the string that represents a <code>NULL</code> value or a list of strings that represent a <code>NULL</code> value.</p><div role="button" class="border-standard rounded-2xl mb-3 overflow-hidden bg-background-light dark:bg-codeblock cursor-default"><button class="relative not-prose flex flex-row items-center content-center w-full py-4 px-5 space-x-2 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:dark:bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl" aria-controls="example-usage accordion children" aria-expanded="false"><div id="example-usage" class="absolute -top-[4.5rem]"></div><div class="mr-0.5"><svg class="h-3 w-3 transition bg-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-400 duration-75" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg></div><div class="leading-tight text-left" contenteditable="false"><p class="m-0 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Example Usage</p></div></button><div id="example-usage accordion children" role="contentinfo" class="mt-2 mb-4 mx-6 hidden overflow-x-auto cursor-default"><div class="mt-5 mb-8 not-prose rounded-2xl relative group text-gray-50 bg-[#0F1117] dark:bg-codeblock ring-1 ring-transparent dark:ring-gray-800/50 codeblock-dark"><div class="min-w-full relative text-sm leading-6 children:!my-0 children:!shadow-none children:!bg-transparent transition-[height] duration-300 ease-in-out" style="font-variant-ligatures:none;height:auto"><div class="overflow-x-auto h-full p-5 [&>pre>code]:pr-[3rem] [&>pre>code>span.line-highlight]:min-w-[calc(100%+3rem)] overflow-y-hidden scrollbar-thin scrollbar-thumb-rounded scrollbar-thumb-white/20 dark:scrollbar-thumb-white/20 hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25"><pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class=""><span class="token comment">-- Dollar-quoted strings are used to contain single quotes</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> csv_table <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="">SERVER csv_server</span> <span class="">OPTIONS <span class="token punctuation">(</span></span> <span class=""> files <span class="token string">'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></span> <span class=""> nullstr <span class="token string">'NULL, NONE'</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></span> </code></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-parallel"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-parallel" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">parallel</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"true"</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Whether or not the parallel CSV reader is used.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-quote"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-quote" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">quote</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"\""</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Specifies the quoting string to be used when a data value is quoted.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-sample-size"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-sample-size" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">sample_size</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"20480"</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>The number of sample rows for auto detection of parameters.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-sep"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-sep" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">sep</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>","</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Specifies the delimiter character that separates columns within each row (line) of the file. Alias for <code>delim</code>.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-skip"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-skip" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">skip</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"0"</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>The number of lines at the top of the file to skip.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-timestampformat"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-timestampformat" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">timestampformat</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"(empty)"</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Specifies the date format to use when parsing timestamps. See <a href="https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/functions/dateformat.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Date Format</a>.</p></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-types"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-types" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">types</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>The column types as a list by position.</p><div role="button" class="border-standard rounded-2xl mb-3 overflow-hidden bg-background-light dark:bg-codeblock cursor-default"><button class="relative not-prose flex flex-row items-center content-center w-full py-4 px-5 space-x-2 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:dark:bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl" aria-controls="example-usage accordion children" aria-expanded="false"><div id="example-usage" class="absolute -top-[4.5rem]"></div><div class="mr-0.5"><svg class="h-3 w-3 transition bg-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-400 duration-75" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/solid/caret-right.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg></div><div class="leading-tight text-left" contenteditable="false"><p class="m-0 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Example Usage</p></div></button><div id="example-usage accordion children" role="contentinfo" class="mt-2 mb-4 mx-6 hidden overflow-x-auto cursor-default"><div class="mt-5 mb-8 not-prose rounded-2xl relative group text-gray-50 bg-[#0F1117] dark:bg-codeblock ring-1 ring-transparent dark:ring-gray-800/50 codeblock-dark"><div class="min-w-full relative text-sm leading-6 children:!my-0 children:!shadow-none children:!bg-transparent transition-[height] duration-300 ease-in-out" style="font-variant-ligatures:none;height:auto"><div class="overflow-x-auto h-full p-5 [&>pre>code]:pr-[3rem] [&>pre>code>span.line-highlight]:min-w-[calc(100%+3rem)] overflow-y-hidden scrollbar-thin scrollbar-thumb-rounded scrollbar-thumb-white/20 dark:scrollbar-thumb-white/20 hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25"><pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> csv_table <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="">SERVER csv_server</span> <span class="">OPTIONS <span class="token punctuation">(</span></span> <span class=""> files <span class="token string">'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></span> <span class=""> <span class="token keyword">types</span> <span class="token string">'BIGINT, DATE'</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></span> </code></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="pt-2.5 pb-5 my-2.5 border-gray-50 dark:border-gray-800/50 border-b"><div class="flex font-mono text-sm group/param-head param-head break-all relative" id="param-union-by-name"><div class="flex-1 flex content-start py-0.5 mr-5"><div class="flex items-center flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="absolute -top-1.5"><a href="#param-union-by-name" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover/param-head:opacity-100 py-2 [.expandable-content_&]:-ml-[2.1rem]" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="font-semibold text-primary dark:text-primary-light cursor-pointer overflow-wrap-anywhere">union_by_name</div><div class="inline items-center gap-2 text-xs font-medium [&_div]:inline [&_div]:mr-2 [&_div]:leading-5"><div class="flex items-center px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md bg-gray-100/50 dark:bg-white/5 text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-200 font-medium break-all"><span class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">default:</span><span>"false"</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 prose-sm prose-gray dark:prose-invert [&_.prose>p:first-child]:mt-0 [&_.prose>p:last-child]:mb-0"><p>Whether the columns of multiple schemas should be unified by name, rather than by position.</p></div></div> <h2 class="flex whitespace-pre-wrap group font-semibold" id="multiple-csv-files"><div class="absolute"><a href="#multiple-csv-files" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover:opacity-100" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><span class="cursor-pointer">Multiple CSV Files</span></h2> <p>To treat multiple CSV files as a single table, their paths should be passed in as a comma-separated string.</p> <div class="mt-5 mb-8 not-prose rounded-2xl relative group text-gray-50 bg-[#0F1117] dark:bg-codeblock ring-1 ring-transparent dark:ring-gray-800/50 codeblock-dark"><div class="min-w-full relative text-sm leading-6 children:!my-0 children:!shadow-none children:!bg-transparent transition-[height] duration-300 ease-in-out" style="font-variant-ligatures:none;height:auto"><div class="overflow-x-auto h-full p-5 [&>pre>code]:pr-[3rem] [&>pre>code>span.line-highlight]:min-w-[calc(100%+3rem)] overflow-y-hidden scrollbar-thin scrollbar-thumb-rounded scrollbar-thumb-white/20 dark:scrollbar-thumb-white/20 hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25"><pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> csv_table <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="">SERVER csv_server</span> <span class="">OPTIONS <span class="token punctuation">(</span></span> <span class=""> files <span class="token string">'/path/to/file1.csv, /path/to/file2.csv'</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></span> </code></pre></div></div></div> <p>To treat a directory of CSV files as a single table, the glob pattern should be used.</p> <div class="mt-5 mb-8 not-prose rounded-2xl relative group text-gray-50 bg-[#0F1117] dark:bg-codeblock ring-1 ring-transparent dark:ring-gray-800/50 codeblock-dark"><div class="min-w-full relative text-sm leading-6 children:!my-0 children:!shadow-none children:!bg-transparent transition-[height] duration-300 ease-in-out" style="font-variant-ligatures:none;height:auto"><div class="overflow-x-auto h-full p-5 [&>pre>code]:pr-[3rem] [&>pre>code>span.line-highlight]:min-w-[calc(100%+3rem)] overflow-y-hidden scrollbar-thin scrollbar-thumb-rounded scrollbar-thumb-white/20 dark:scrollbar-thumb-white/20 hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25"><pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> csv_table <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="">SERVER csv_server</span> <span class="">OPTIONS <span class="token punctuation">(</span></span> <span class=""> files <span class="token string">'/folder/*.csv'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></span> </code></pre></div></div></div> <p>The glob pattern can also be used to read all CSV files from multiple directories.</p> <div class="mt-5 mb-8 not-prose rounded-2xl relative group text-gray-50 bg-[#0F1117] dark:bg-codeblock ring-1 ring-transparent dark:ring-gray-800/50 codeblock-dark"><div class="min-w-full relative text-sm leading-6 children:!my-0 children:!shadow-none children:!bg-transparent transition-[height] duration-300 ease-in-out" style="font-variant-ligatures:none;height:auto"><div class="overflow-x-auto h-full p-5 [&>pre>code]:pr-[3rem] [&>pre>code>span.line-highlight]:min-w-[calc(100%+3rem)] overflow-y-hidden scrollbar-thin scrollbar-thumb-rounded scrollbar-thumb-white/20 dark:scrollbar-thumb-white/20 hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25"><pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class=""><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> csv_table <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="">SERVER csv_server</span> <span class="">OPTIONS <span class="token punctuation">(</span></span> <span class=""> files <span class="token string">'/folder1/*.csv, /folder2/*.csv'</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></span> </code></pre></div></div></div> <h2 class="flex whitespace-pre-wrap group font-semibold" id="cloud-object-stores"><div class="absolute"><a href="#cloud-object-stores" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover:opacity-100" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center shadow-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-white/50 dark:bg-background-dark dark:brightness-[1.35] dark:ring-1 dark:hover:brightness-150 bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><span class="cursor-pointer">Cloud Object Stores</span></h2> <p>The <a href="/integrations/object_stores">object stores</a> documentation explains how to provide secrets and other credentials for CSV files stored in object stores like S3.</p></div><div class="leading-6 mt-14"><div class="pb-16 w-full"><div class="flex flex-col gap-y-4 xl:flex-col xl:gap-6 min-[1400px]:flex-row md:flex-row md:justify-end"><div class="flex flex-row gap-5 items-center grow justify-between md:justify-start xl:justify-between min-[1400px]:justify-start"><p class="text-sm 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children: \")\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \";\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\"]\n })\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(Accordion, {\n title: \"Example Usage\",\n children: _jsx(CodeBlock, {\n filename: \"\",\n expandable: \"false\",\n children: _jsx(_components.pre, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.code, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: [_jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"CREATE\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"FOREIGN\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"DATA\"\n }), \" WRAPPER csv_wrapper\"]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"HANDLER\"\n }), \" csv_fdw_handler\"]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\"VALIDATOR csv_fdw_validator\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \";\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"CREATE\"\n }), \" SERVER csv_server\"]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"FOREIGN\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"DATA\"\n }), \" WRAPPER csv_wrapper\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \";\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"CREATE\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"FOREIGN\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"TABLE\"\n }), \" csv_table \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: \"SERVER csv_server\"\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\"OPTIONS \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n }), \"files \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \";\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", \"\\n\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"wrapper_name\",\n required: true,\n id: \"param-wrapper-name\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"Foreign data wrapper name. Can be any string.\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"server_name\",\n required: true,\n id: \"param-server-name\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"Foreign server name. Can be any string.\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"table_name\",\n required: true,\n id: \"param-table-name\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"Foreign table name. Can be any string.\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"files\",\n required: true,\n id: \"param-files\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"The path of a single CSV file or \", _jsx(_components.a, {\n href: \"#multiple-csv-files\",\n children: \"multiple CSV files\"\n }), \".\\nFor instance, \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"s3://bucket/folder/file.csv\"\n }), \" if the file is in Amazon S3, \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"https://domain.tld/file.csv\"\n }), \"\\nif the file is on a HTTP server, or \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"/path/to/file.csv\"\n }), \" if the file is on the local file system.\"]\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(Heading, {\n level: \"2\",\n id: \"csv-options\",\n children: \"CSV Options\"\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"There are a number of options that can be passed into the \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE\"\n }), \" statement.\\nThese are the same \", _jsx(_components.a, {\n href: \"https://duckdb.org/docs/data/csv/overview#parameters\",\n children: \"options\"\n }), \" accepted\\nby DuckDB’s \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"read_csv\"\n }), \" function.\"]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"all_varchar\",\n default: \"false\",\n id: \"param-all-varchar\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"Option to skip type detection for CSV parsing and assume all columns to be of type\", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"VARCHAR\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"allow_quoted_nulls\",\n default: \"true\",\n id: \"param-allow-quoted-nulls\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"Option to allow the conversion of quoted values to \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"NULL\"\n }), \" values.\"]\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"auto_detect\",\n default: \"true\",\n id: \"param-auto-detect\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"Enables auto detection of CSV parameters. See \", _jsx(_components.a, {\n href: \"https://duckdb.org/docs/data/csv/auto_detection.html\",\n children: \"Auto Detection\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(ParamField, {\n body: \"auto_type_candidates\",\n id: \"param-auto-type-candidates\",\n children: [_jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"This option allows you to specify the types that the sniffer will use when detecting CSV column types.\\nThe \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"VARCHAR\"\n }), \" type is always included in the detected types (as a fallback option).\\nSee \", _jsx(_components.a, {\n href: \"https://duckdb.org/docs/data/csv/overview#auto_type_candidates-details\",\n children: \"Auto Type Candidates\"\n }), \".\"]\n }), _jsx(Accordion, {\n title: \"Example Usage\",\n children: _jsx(CodeBlock, {\n filename: \"\",\n expandable: \"false\",\n children: _jsx(_components.pre, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.code, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: [_jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"CREATE\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"FOREIGN\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"TABLE\"\n }), \" csv_table \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: \"SERVER csv_server\"\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\"OPTIONS \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" files \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" auto_type_candidates \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'BIGINT, DATE'\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \";\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\"]\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(ParamField, {\n body: \"columns\",\n id: \"param-columns\",\n children: [_jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"A struct that specifies the column names and column types contained within the CSV file\\n(e.g., \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"{'col1': 'INTEGER', 'col2': 'VARCHAR'}\"\n }), \"). Using this option implies that auto detection is\\nnot used.\"]\n }), _jsx(Accordion, {\n title: \"Example Usage\",\n children: _jsx(CodeBlock, {\n filename: \"\",\n expandable: \"false\",\n children: _jsx(_components.pre, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.code, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token comment\",\n children: \"-- Dollar-quoted strings are used to contain single quotes\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"CREATE\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"FOREIGN\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"TABLE\"\n }), \" csv_table \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: \"SERVER csv_server\"\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\"OPTIONS \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" files \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"columns\"\n }), \" $${\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'FlightDate'\"\n }), \": \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'DATE'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'UniqueCarrier'\"\n }), \": \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'VARCHAR'\"\n }), \"}$$\"]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \";\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\"]\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"compression\",\n default: \"auto\",\n id: \"param-compression\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"The compression type for the file. By default this will be detected\\nautomatically from the file extension (e.g., \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"t.csv.gz\"\n }), \" will use \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"gzip\"\n }), \",\\n\", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"t.csv\"\n }), \" will use \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"none\"\n }), \"). Options are \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"none\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"gzip\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"zstd\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"dateformat\",\n id: \"param-dateformat\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"Specifies the date format to use when parsing dates. See \", _jsx(_components.a, {\n href: \"https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/functions/dateformat.html\",\n children: \"Date\\nFormat\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"decimal_separator\",\n default: \".\",\n id: \"param-decimal-separator\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"The decimal separator of numbers.\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"delim\",\n default: \",\",\n id: \"param-delim\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"Specifies the delimiter character that separates columns within each row\\n(line) of the file. Alias for \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"sep\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"escape\",\n default: \"\\\"\",\n id: \"param-escape\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"Specifies the string that should appear before a data character sequence that\\nmatches the quote value.\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"filename\",\n default: \"false\",\n id: \"param-filename\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"Whether or not an extra filename column should be included in the result.\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(ParamField, {\n body: \"force_not_null\",\n id: \"param-force-not-null\",\n children: [_jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"Do not match the specified columns’ values against the \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"NULL\"\n }), \" string. In the default case where the \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"NULL\"\n }), \" string is empty, this means that empty values will be read as zero-length strings rather than NULLs.\"]\n }), _jsx(Accordion, {\n title: \"Example Usage\",\n children: _jsx(CodeBlock, {\n filename: \"\",\n expandable: \"false\",\n children: _jsx(_components.pre, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.code, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token comment\",\n children: \"-- Dollar-quoted strings are used to contain single quotes\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"CREATE\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"FOREIGN\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"TABLE\"\n }), \" csv_table \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: \"SERVER csv_server\"\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\"OPTIONS \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" files \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" force_not_null \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'FlightDate, UniqueCarrier'\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \";\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\"]\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"header\",\n default: \"false\",\n id: \"param-header\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"Specifies that the file contains a header line with the names of each column\\nin the file.\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"hive_partitioning\",\n default: \"false\",\n id: \"param-hive-partitioning\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"Whether or not to interpret the path as a Hive partitioned path.\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(ParamField, {\n body: \"hive_types\",\n id: \"param-hive-types\",\n children: [_jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"If \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"hive_partitioning\"\n }), \" is enabled, \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"hive_types\"\n }), \" can be used to specify the logical types of the hive\\npartitions in a struct.\"]\n }), _jsx(Accordion, {\n title: \"Example Usage\",\n children: _jsx(CodeBlock, {\n filename: \"\",\n expandable: \"false\",\n children: _jsx(_components.pre, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.code, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token comment\",\n children: \"-- Dollar-quoted strings are used to contain single quotes\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"CREATE\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"FOREIGN\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"TABLE\"\n }), \" csv_table \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: \"SERVER csv_server\"\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\"OPTIONS \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" files \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" hive_partitioning \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'true'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" hive_types $${\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'release'\"\n }), \": \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"DATE\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'orders'\"\n }), \": \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"BIGINT\"\n }), \"}$$\"]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \";\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\"]\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(ParamField, {\n body: \"hive_types_autocast\",\n id: \"param-hive-types-autocast\",\n children: [_jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"hive_types will be autodetected for the following types: \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"DATE\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"TIMESTAMP\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"BIGINT\"\n }), \".\\nTo switch off the autodetection, this option can be set to \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"0\"\n }), \".\"]\n }), _jsx(Accordion, {\n title: \"Example Usage\",\n children: _jsx(CodeBlock, {\n filename: \"\",\n expandable: \"false\",\n children: _jsx(_components.pre, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.code, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: [_jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"CREATE\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"FOREIGN\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"TABLE\"\n }), \" csv_table \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: \"SERVER csv_server\"\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\"OPTIONS \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" files \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" hive_partitioning \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'true'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" hive_types $${\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n 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_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" names \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'FlightDate, UniqueCarrier'\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \";\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\"]\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"new_line\",\n id: \"param-new-line\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"Set the new line character(s) in the file. 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Can be any string.\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"files\",\n required: true,\n id: \"param-files\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"The path of a single CSV file or \", _jsx(_components.a, {\n href: \"#multiple-csv-files\",\n children: \"multiple CSV files\"\n }), \".\\nFor instance, \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"s3://bucket/folder/file.csv\"\n }), \" if the file is in Amazon S3, \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"https://domain.tld/file.csv\"\n }), \"\\nif the file is on a HTTP server, or \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"/path/to/file.csv\"\n }), \" if the file is on the local file system.\"]\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(Heading, {\n level: \"2\",\n id: \"csv-options\",\n children: \"CSV Options\"\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"There are a number of options that can be passed into the \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"CREATE FOREIGN TABLE\"\n }), \" statement.\\nThese are the same \", _jsx(_components.a, {\n href: \"https://duckdb.org/docs/data/csv/overview#parameters\",\n children: \"options\"\n }), \" accepted\\nby DuckDB’s \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"read_csv\"\n }), \" function.\"]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"all_varchar\",\n default: \"false\",\n id: \"param-all-varchar\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"Option to skip type detection for CSV parsing and assume all columns to be of type\", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"VARCHAR\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"allow_quoted_nulls\",\n default: \"true\",\n id: \"param-allow-quoted-nulls\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"Option to allow the conversion of quoted values to \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"NULL\"\n }), \" values.\"]\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"auto_detect\",\n default: \"true\",\n id: \"param-auto-detect\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"Enables auto detection of CSV parameters. See \", _jsx(_components.a, {\n href: \"https://duckdb.org/docs/data/csv/auto_detection.html\",\n children: \"Auto Detection\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(ParamField, {\n body: \"auto_type_candidates\",\n id: \"param-auto-type-candidates\",\n children: [_jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"This option allows you to specify the types that the sniffer will use when detecting CSV column types.\\nThe \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"VARCHAR\"\n }), \" type is always included in the detected types (as a fallback option).\\nSee \", _jsx(_components.a, {\n href: \"https://duckdb.org/docs/data/csv/overview#auto_type_candidates-details\",\n children: \"Auto Type Candidates\"\n }), \".\"]\n }), _jsx(Accordion, {\n title: \"Example Usage\",\n children: _jsx(CodeBlock, {\n filename: \"\",\n expandable: \"false\",\n children: _jsx(_components.pre, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.code, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: [_jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"CREATE\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"FOREIGN\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"TABLE\"\n }), \" csv_table \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: \"SERVER csv_server\"\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\"OPTIONS \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" files \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" auto_type_candidates \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'BIGINT, DATE'\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \";\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\"]\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(ParamField, {\n body: \"columns\",\n id: \"param-columns\",\n children: [_jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"A struct that specifies the column names and column types contained within the CSV file\\n(e.g., \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"{'col1': 'INTEGER', 'col2': 'VARCHAR'}\"\n }), \"). Using this option implies that auto detection is\\nnot used.\"]\n }), _jsx(Accordion, {\n title: \"Example Usage\",\n children: _jsx(CodeBlock, {\n filename: \"\",\n expandable: \"false\",\n children: _jsx(_components.pre, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.code, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token comment\",\n children: \"-- Dollar-quoted strings are used to contain single quotes\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"CREATE\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"FOREIGN\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"TABLE\"\n }), \" csv_table \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: \"SERVER csv_server\"\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\"OPTIONS \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" files \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"columns\"\n }), \" $${\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'FlightDate'\"\n }), \": \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'DATE'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'UniqueCarrier'\"\n }), \": \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'VARCHAR'\"\n }), \"}$$\"]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \";\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\"]\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"compression\",\n default: \"auto\",\n id: \"param-compression\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"The compression type for the file. By default this will be detected\\nautomatically from the file extension (e.g., \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"t.csv.gz\"\n }), \" will use \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"gzip\"\n }), \",\\n\", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"t.csv\"\n }), \" will use \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"none\"\n }), \"). Options are \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"none\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"gzip\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"zstd\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"dateformat\",\n id: \"param-dateformat\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"Specifies the date format to use when parsing dates. See \", _jsx(_components.a, {\n href: \"https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/functions/dateformat.html\",\n children: \"Date\\nFormat\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"decimal_separator\",\n default: \".\",\n id: \"param-decimal-separator\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"The decimal separator of numbers.\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"delim\",\n default: \",\",\n id: \"param-delim\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"Specifies the delimiter character that separates columns within each row\\n(line) of the file. Alias for \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"sep\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"escape\",\n default: \"\\\"\",\n id: \"param-escape\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"Specifies the string that should appear before a data character sequence that\\nmatches the quote value.\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"filename\",\n default: \"false\",\n id: \"param-filename\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"Whether or not an extra filename column should be included in the result.\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(ParamField, {\n body: \"force_not_null\",\n id: \"param-force-not-null\",\n children: [_jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"Do not match the specified columns’ values against the \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"NULL\"\n }), \" string. In the default case where the \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"NULL\"\n }), \" string is empty, this means that empty values will be read as zero-length strings rather than NULLs.\"]\n }), _jsx(Accordion, {\n title: \"Example Usage\",\n children: _jsx(CodeBlock, {\n filename: \"\",\n expandable: \"false\",\n children: _jsx(_components.pre, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.code, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token comment\",\n children: \"-- Dollar-quoted strings are used to contain single quotes\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"CREATE\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"FOREIGN\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"TABLE\"\n }), \" csv_table \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: \"SERVER csv_server\"\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\"OPTIONS \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" files \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" force_not_null \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'FlightDate, UniqueCarrier'\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \";\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\"]\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"header\",\n default: \"false\",\n id: \"param-header\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"Specifies that the file contains a header line with the names of each column\\nin the file.\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"hive_partitioning\",\n default: \"false\",\n id: \"param-hive-partitioning\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"Whether or not to interpret the path as a Hive partitioned path.\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(ParamField, {\n body: \"hive_types\",\n id: \"param-hive-types\",\n children: [_jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"If \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"hive_partitioning\"\n }), \" is enabled, \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"hive_types\"\n }), \" can be used to specify the logical types of the hive\\npartitions in a struct.\"]\n }), _jsx(Accordion, {\n title: \"Example Usage\",\n children: _jsx(CodeBlock, {\n filename: \"\",\n expandable: \"false\",\n children: _jsx(_components.pre, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.code, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token comment\",\n children: \"-- Dollar-quoted strings are used to contain single quotes\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"CREATE\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"FOREIGN\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"TABLE\"\n }), \" csv_table \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: \"SERVER csv_server\"\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\"OPTIONS \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" files \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" hive_partitioning \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'true'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" hive_types $${\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'release'\"\n }), \": \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"DATE\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'orders'\"\n }), \": \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"BIGINT\"\n }), \"}$$\"]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \";\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\"]\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(ParamField, {\n body: \"hive_types_autocast\",\n id: \"param-hive-types-autocast\",\n children: [_jsxs(_components.p, {\n children: [\"hive_types will be autodetected for the following types: \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"DATE\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"TIMESTAMP\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"BIGINT\"\n }), \".\\nTo switch off the autodetection, this option can be set to \", _jsx(_components.code, {\n children: \"0\"\n }), \".\"]\n }), _jsx(Accordion, {\n title: \"Example Usage\",\n children: _jsx(CodeBlock, {\n filename: \"\",\n expandable: \"false\",\n children: _jsx(_components.pre, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.code, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: [_jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"CREATE\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"FOREIGN\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"TABLE\"\n }), \" csv_table \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: \"SERVER csv_server\"\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\"OPTIONS \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" files \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" hive_partitioning \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'true'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" hive_types $${\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'release'\"\n }), \": \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"DATE\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'orders'\"\n }), \": \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"BIGINT\"\n }), \"}$$\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" hive_types_autocast \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'0'\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \";\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\"]\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"ignore_errors\",\n default: \"false\",\n id: \"param-ignore-errors\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"Option to ignore any parsing errors encountered and instead ignore rows with\\nerrors.\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"max_line_size\",\n default: \"2097152\",\n id: \"param-max-line-size\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"The maximum line size in bytes.\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(ParamField, {\n body: \"names\",\n id: \"param-names\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"The column names as a list if the file does not contain a header.\"\n }), _jsx(Accordion, {\n title: \"Example Usage\",\n children: _jsx(CodeBlock, {\n filename: \"\",\n expandable: \"false\",\n children: _jsx(_components.pre, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: _jsxs(_components.code, {\n className: \"language-sql\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token comment\",\n children: \"-- Dollar-quoted strings are used to contain single quotes\"\n })\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"CREATE\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"FOREIGN\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token keyword\",\n children: \"TABLE\"\n }), \" csv_table \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: \"SERVER csv_server\"\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\"OPTIONS \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \"(\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" files \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'s3://bucket/folder/file.csv'\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \",\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [\" names \", _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token string\",\n children: \"'FlightDate, UniqueCarrier'\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsxs(_components.span, {\n className: \"\",\n children: [_jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \")\"\n }), _jsx(_components.span, {\n className: \"token punctuation\",\n children: \";\"\n })]\n }), \"\\n\"]\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n }), \"\\n\", _jsx(ParamField, {\n body: \"new_line\",\n id: \"param-new-line\",\n children: _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"Set the new line character(s) in the file. 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CSV - ParadeDB