Arunabha Ghosh - Council on Energy, Environment and Water

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View Arunabha Ghosh’s profile on LinkedIn, a professional community of 1 billion members."> <meta property="og:title" content="Arunabha Ghosh - Council on Energy, Environment and Water | LinkedIn"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4D03AQGzNDpFT46ieA/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1616044977068?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=1OvRIE-ix1L4sOauPR_i-e6H8xz0jCbTgJeLgFKipq4"> <meta property="og:type" content="profile"> <meta property="profile:first_name" content="Arunabha"> <meta property="profile:last_name" content="Ghosh"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@Linkedin"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Arunabha Ghosh - Council on Energy, Environment and Water | LinkedIn"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4D03AQGzNDpFT46ieA/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1616044977068?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=1OvRIE-ix1L4sOauPR_i-e6H8xz0jCbTgJeLgFKipq4">  <meta name="linkedin:pageTag" content="openToProvider"> <meta name="clientSideIngraphs" content="1" data-gauge-metric-endpoint="/public-profile/api/ingraphs/guestGauge" data-counter-metric-endpoint="/public-profile/api/ingraphs/counter"> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"http://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Arunabha Ghosh","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh"},"dateModified":"","datePublished":"2015-09-20T19:13:39.000+00:00","headline":"Help the Global Apollo Programme make renewable energy cheaper","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E12AQHFwcm_t8NcDw/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/0/1520224125489?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=ToFd3tR5fBPBA8sXRJdw2rnFEtwriviD0fi7XUbjBi0"},"articleBody":"\u003Cp\u003ELast week I co-signed a letter, along with Sir David Attenborough, Prof. Brian Cox, Prof. Lord Nicholas Stern, Prof. John Shepherd, Lord Martin Rees, among others, urging support for the \u003Ca href=\"http://www.globalapolloprogram.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003EGlobal Apollo Programme\u003C/a\u003E, an attempt to create an international partnership to invest $15 billion a year for ten years in research, development and demonstration of clean energy, with particular emphasis on energy storage. That compares to the $100 billion currently invested in defence R&D globally each year. The full text of the letter, published in \u003Cem\u003EThe Guardian\u003C/em\u003E, and names of all signatories is copied below and available \u003Ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/sep/15/help-the-global-apollo-programme-make-clean-energy-cheaper-than-coal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003Ehere\u003C/a\u003E. A video message from Sir David Attenborough is \u003Ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UPv_M8grmk\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehere\u003C/a\u003E. #energystorage #renewables #globalapollo\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHelp the Global Apollo Programme \u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003EWe, the undersigned, believe that global warming can be addressed without adding significant economic costs or burdening taxpayers with more debt. A sensible approach to tackling climate change will not only pay for itself but provide economic benefits to the nations of the world.\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003EThe aspiration of the \u003Ca href=\"http://globalapolloprogramme.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003EGlobal Apollo Programme\u003C/a\u003E is to make renewable energy cheaper than coal within 10 years. We urge the leading nations of the world to commit to this positive, practical initiative by the Paris climate conference in December.\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003EThe plan requires leading governments to invest a total of $15bn a year in research, development and demonstration of clean energy. That compares to the $100bn currently invested in defence research and development globally each year.\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003EPublic investment now will save governments huge sums in the future. What is more, a coordinated R&D plan can help bring energy bills down for billions of consumers.\u003Ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/environment/renewableenergy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003ERenewable energy\u003C/a\u003E gets less than 2% of publicly funded R&D. The private sector spends relatively small sums on clean energy research and development.\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003EJust as with the Apollo space missions of the 1960s, great scientific minds must now be assembled to find a solution to one of the biggest challenges we face.\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003EPlease support the Global Apollo Programme – the world’s 10-year plan for cheaper, cleaner energy.\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDavid Attenborough\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EProfessor Brian Cox\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPaul Polman \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ECEO, Unilever\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EArunabha Ghosh \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ECEO, Council on Energy Environment and Water\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEd Davey \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFormer UK energy secretary\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENicholas Stern \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIG Patel professor of economics and government, LSE\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBill Hare \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFounder and CEO, Climate Analytics\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENilesh Y Jadhav \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EProgramme director, \u003Ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003EEnergy\u003C/a\u003E Research Institute @NTU, Singapore\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENiall Dunne \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EChief sustainability officer, BT\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECarlo Carraro \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EDirector, International Centre for Climate Governance\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EProfessor Brian Hoskins \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EChair, Grantham Institute\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMark Kenber \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ECEO, The Climate Group\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBen Goldsmith \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFounder, Menhaden Capital\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESabina Ratti \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EExecutive director, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM)\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Browne \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EChairman, L1 Energy\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EZac Goldsmith MP\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EProfessor Martin Siegert \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ECo-director, Grantham Institute\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EProfessor Joanna Haigh \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ECo-director, Grantham Institute, and vice-president of Royal Meteorological Society\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPeter Bakker \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EPresident, World Business Council for Sustainable Development\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDr Fatima Denton \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAfrican Climate Policy Centre\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDenys Shortt \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ECEO, DCS Group\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAdair Turner \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFormer chairman, Financial Services Authority\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGus O’Donnell \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFormer cabinet secretary\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERichard Layard \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELondon School of Economics\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EProfessor John Shepherd\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMartin Rees \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAstronomer royal\u003C/em\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n \n","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/help-global-apollo-programme-make-renewable-energy-cheaper-ghosh"},{"@type":"Article","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Arunabha Ghosh","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh"},"dateModified":"","datePublished":"2015-08-13T18:11:45.000+00:00","headline":"#CEEWat5","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E12AQFVaBHKMRZ1cw/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/0/1520159062239?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=QtAUDNz5Z0ovoHTi_3GQNUR8ejNa41HwzV0jYb7Uz_I"},"articleBody":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFive years ago\u003C/strong\u003E, on 11 August 2010, the Council on Energy, Environment and Water started operations in a single empty room. We have been privileged to have had the vision of our founder chairperson, Shri Suresh Prabhu, and the guidance of our current chair, Mr Jamshyd Godrej, and CEEW's illustrious \u003Ca href=\"http://ceew.us3.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3d20f9e8bd565887fb8724824&id=594c7450b8&e=22e2d640f8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003EBoard\u003C/a\u003E.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EToday, we are delighted that in \u003Cspan\u003Efive years of operations\u003C/span\u003E, CEEW has engaged in more than \u003Cstrong\u003E100 research projects\u003C/strong\u003E, published \u003Cstrong\u003E50 peer-reviewed policy reports, papers and briefs,\u003C/strong\u003E \u003Cstrong\u003Eadvised governments around the world over 120 times\u003C/strong\u003E, engaged with industry to encourage investments in clean technologies and improve efficiency in resource use, \u003Cstrong\u003Epromoted bilateral and multilateral initiatives between governments on more than 40 occasions\u003C/strong\u003E, helped state governments with water and irrigation reforms, and \u003Cstrong\u003Eorganised more than 100 seminars and conferences\u003C/strong\u003E.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EWe feel grateful that our commitment to excellence in research has been \u003Ca href=\"http://ceew.us3.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3d20f9e8bd565887fb8724824&id=46562f18a9&e=22e2d640f8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003Erecognised\u003C/a\u003E and appreciated by our peers and policymakers across the world. \u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EI thank our partners and well-wishers for their kind support and look forward to many more years of fruitful collaboration - and impact. Let's #raisethebar !!\u003C/em\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n \n","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ceewat5-arunabha-ghosh"},{"@type":"Article","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Arunabha Ghosh","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh"},"dateModified":"","datePublished":"2015-07-02T05:57:26.000+00:00","headline":"The big push for renewable energy in India: What will drive it?","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E12AQEr1r3FNo7mgw/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/0/1520216719794?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=v1yHZ5EwohKDCgpkA8wV4X4GyBIeJdf52K-APmwxfN0"},"articleBody":"\u003Cp\u003EMy latest paper in the \u003Cem\u003EBulletin of the Atomic Scientists\u003C/em\u003E focuses on the drivers of renewable energy in India.\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003EArunabha Ghosh (2015) ‘The big push for renewable energy in India: What will drive it?’ \u003Cem\u003EBulletin of the Atomic Scientists\u003C/em\u003E, 71(4), July, 31-42. Available at \u003Ca href=\"http://bos.sagepub.com/content/71/4/31.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003Ehttp://bos.sagepub.com/content/71/4/31.abstract\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003ETwo years ago, I visited the mud hut of a farm laborer in southern India. He had managed to put his eldest daughter through nursing school and she was working in Bangalore. His two other daughters lived with him, attend- ing a local village school by day and roll- ing beedis (Indian cigarettes) in the evening. A tall bamboo stalk, sliced in half lengthwise, served as a channel to harvest rainwater from the family's tiled roof. Also on the roof was a solar panel. The farm worker clearly did not have much in the way of collateral, so why did he take out a loan of (approximately then) $400 to install the panel, which provided him only enough electricity for two LED lights and a mobile- phone charger? Before installing the solar panel, he told me, his two white shirts got dirty very quickly because he burned kerosene indoors for lighting. He spent 50 rupees a month (at the time equivalent to about $1) on laundry detergent. Installing the solar panel reduced his monthly detergent cost to 20 rupees.\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003EThe drivers of renewable energy in India cannot be easily captured by the calculations of large investors or analysts focusing solely on aggregate energy scenarios. Factors as seemingly minor as the cost of laundry powder can play a key role in decision making. Project developers, service providers, and investors have to understand consumer needs and behavior to offer appropriate renewable energy solutions. Complicating matters further, a major shift toward more renew- able energy in India's power supplies poses its own set of challenges - including the need for new policies; significant additional and innovative finance; investment in manufacturing capacity, skills, and jobs; and the ability to deal with the intermit- tent nature of the sun and wind. \u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003EAlthough its dependence on imported fossil fuels has grown consistently, India has also had a long history of promoting renewable energy. Solar power advocates established the Solar Energy Society of India in 1976, soon after the first oil crisis. A joint government-private venture erected India's first grid-connected wind turbine in the state of Gujarat 30 years ago. In 1982, the Indian government formed a Department of Non-Conventional Energy Sources, which became a full-fledged ministry a decade later - making India the first country to set up a ministry dedicated to renewable energy (Ganesan et al., 2014a: 21). As of March 2015, of a total installed electricity generation capacity of nearly 270 gigawatts, India's renewable energy sources (solar, wind, waste-to-energy, biomass power, and small hydro) accounted for about 12 percent, or 32 gigawatts (Central Electricity Authority, 2015: 3).\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003EBoth wind and solar power are growing rapidly in India. The country is now the world's fifth-largest producer of wind energy and in April 2015 the state of Madhya Pradesh approved the construction of the world's largest solar project - a 750-megawatt plant (to be commissioned in 2016) significantly bigger than any in California. Last fall, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced an ambitious goal: to install at least 100 gigawatts of solar power capacity, 27 times more than India has now, by 2022. In January 2015, President Obama visited Modi and the two leaders announced that they would work together on financing for solar and nuclear power and would cooperate on efforts to fight climate change - although without setting any specific targets. But even with US help, achieving India's grand vision for a solar subcontinent will not be easy.\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003EIndia’s government has a bold goal for deploying renewable energy: 175 gigawatts of electricity-generating capacity by 2022, including 100 gigawatts of solar power. But meeting the solar target alone will require a growth rate equivalent to doubling India’s installed solar capacity every 18 months. It will also require a clear understanding of the three factors that drive energy demand in India (access, security, and efficiency); new federal and state policies and incentives; innovative financing for capital investments estimated at $100 billion or more; and additional funding for manufacturing, training, and job creation. Project developers will have to grapple with the cost and availability of land, grid connections, and backup power. To meet the electricity needs of the poor and encourage rural entrepreneurship, India’s energy policies should aim for a mix of grid-connected and decentralized renewable energy sources. \u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003ERead more here: \u003Ca href=\"http://thebulletin.org/2015/july/big-push-renewable-energy-india-what-will-drive-it8455\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003Ehttp://thebulletin.org/2015/july/big-push-renewable-energy-india-what-will-drive-it8455\u003C/a\u003E \u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E[The \u003Ca href=\"http://thebulletin.org/about-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003EBulletin of the Atomic Scientists\u003C/a\u003E was established in 1945 by scientists, engineers, and other experts who had created the atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project. With 18 Nobel Laureates on its Board of Sponsors, the Bulletin now assesses the potential of terrible damage to societies from nuclear weapons, climate change, and biology-based technologies.]\u003C/em\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n \n","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/big-push-renewable-energy-india-what-drive-arunabha-ghosh"},{"@type":"Article","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Arunabha Ghosh","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh"},"dateModified":"","datePublished":"2015-06-16T06:05:22.000+00:00","headline":"China's solar flares burn some","image":{"@type":"ImageObject"},"articleBody":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EMy latest column, published today in the Business Standard, analyses the stock price collapse of Hanergy, once the world's most valuable clean energy company, and the broader lessons of solar manufacturing in China. \u003C/em\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/arunabha-ghosh-china-s-solar-flares-burn-some-115061501170_1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003Ehttp://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/arunabha-ghosh-china-s-solar-flares-burn-some-115061501170_1.html\u003C/a\u003E \u003C/em\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOn May 20, the world's most valuable listed \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Clean+Energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003Eclean energy\u003C/a\u003E company's stock collapsed 47 per cent. Trading in Hong Kong-listed \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Hanergy+Thin+Film+Power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003EHanergy Thin Film Power \u003C/a\u003E(HTF)'s stocks were suspended after the share prices dropped in less than one hour. The fall was as steep as HTF's rise was meteoric. Even last October, the \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Htf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003EHTF \u003C/a\u003Estock was valued at HK$1.50, but then rose rapidly to a high of HK$9.07. On the day of the crash, shares opened at HK$7.32 and settled at HK$3.91, wiping out nearly $19 billion in value. The news was barely picked up in India, strangely for a country with vast ambitions for renewable energy. What should we make of these developments?\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHTF is a subsidiary of the Beijing-headquartered and unlisted Hanergy Group. Its promoter, Li Hejun, owns nearly 75 per cent of the HTF shares and, thanks to the rise of the stock value, became one of China's richest men. Earlier this year, \u003Cem\u003EFinancial Times \u003C/em\u003Eidentified two reasons to worry about HTF. First, since Mr Li owned a large share, small volumes of trading in the thinly traded stock could have a big impact on the share price, either rapidly pushing it up or pulling it down. Analysis of two years of data found that much of the price surges happened towards the last 10 minutes of daily trading.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe second concern was more worrying. In 2010-13, nearly all of the sales of HTF had been to its parent company. Hanergy Group uses HTF equipment to manufacture thin-film \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Solar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003Esolar \u003C/a\u003Epanels. In turn, most of this production goes to Hanergy's own solar installations. Despite much lower sales than its competitors, HTF managed to post profit margins in excess of 63 per cent in 2013 and ended up being more valuable than the entire Chinese solar sector combined. The \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Hong+Kong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003EHong Kong \u003C/a\u003Emarket regulator has initiated an investigation.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EInvestors in clean tech enterprises look for at least three elements that could affect expected returns. First, the technology, related innovations and associated risks. Secondly, overall market direction, as a result of technological advances; falling costs; incremental energy demand; international negotiations; or domestic policy. Thirdly, the certainty and longevity of domestic policy signals. \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=China\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003EChina \u003C/a\u003Ehas tempted on all three fronts, but at times damagingly.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHanergy placed its bets on thin-film solar technology, making strategic acquisitions in Germany and the United States to give it a market edge. But some analysts have questioned this move, since thin film is still just about 10 per cent of the global solar market. In fact, China's solar manufacturing has been almost entirely with crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) technology. In 2013, thin-film production was about 300 megawatts (one per cent of total PV production in China).\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOverall, manufacturing capacity continues to be added in China and costs keep falling (though the pace has dropped). The top 10 solar manufacturers, alone, produced more than 14,000 Mw of modules in 2013. There are, by some estimates, well more than 500 solar manufacturers in China, which now dominates global solar production. In 2013, China had 42 gigawatts out of 60.5 Gw of global production capacity. Production was lower, at 27.4 Gw, still 69 per cent of global PV production that year. And there is a strong export orientation. In 2011, 90 per cent of PV production was exported; in 2012, it was 86 per cent; and in 2013, it was 61 per cent.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe policy direction has also been steadfast. China has elevated the status of clean tech in its new vision for industrial policy. Under its current 12th Five-Year Plan, China named seven new strategic and emerging industries, which included energy saving and environmental protection, new energy (nuclear, solar, wind, biomass) and clean energy vehicles. Last year, 10,560 Mw of solar were installed bringing total capacity to more than 28,000 Mw. By 2030, \u003Cem\u003EBloomberg \u003C/em\u003Eestimates, China is likely to have more low-carbon electricity capacity than the total US power generation capacity.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGiven India has one-fifth the power generation capacity of China's, its large \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Renewable+Energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003Erenewable energy\u003C/a\u003E targets (175 Gw planned by 2022) are, in relative terms, even more ambitious. In 2010, India's renewable energy share in electricity generation was already more than twice that of China's (if large hydro were excluded) and will be a much larger share in future. As I argued in this column in February (\u003Ca href=\"http://mybs.in/2Rt7Ov0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emybs.in/2Rt7Ov0\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E), India's solar manufacturing will need more competitiveness.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut China's experience offers sobering lessons for India. First, cherry-picking technology is dangerous. It is far better to create direct price signals through explicit carbon taxes, which would help to create a level playing field for energy technologies.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESecondly, easy credit distorts markets and reduces competitiveness. China accounts for 70 per cent of global excess capacity (another major solar manufacturer, Yingli, saw its shares drop 37 per cent on May 19 due to its inability to service debt). After another market leader, Suntech, went bankrupt in 2013, the Chinese government announced a list of 134 enterprises that met PV manufacturing norms. This list is reviewed every six to 12 months. But Chinese firms are now tapping into the country's shadow banking system. Better regulatory oversight is critical.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFinally, trade disputes over clean tech will likely grow. Seven of the top 10 Chinese manufacturers were also among the top 10 exporters of solar modules in the world. Unless the Chinese domestic market absorbs a growing share of production, mercantilist competition in global markets will increase. India's strategy to promote clean tech manufacturing must work around these three risks.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Chr\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe writer is chief executive, Council on Energy, Environment and Water (\u003Ca href=\"http://ceew.in/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003Eceew.in\u003C/a\u003E)\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter: \u003C/em\u003E@GhoshArunabha\u003C/p\u003E","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/chinas-solar-flares-burn-some-arunabha-ghosh"},{"@type":"Article","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Arunabha Ghosh","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh"},"dateModified":"","datePublished":"2015-05-19T10:12:18.000+00:00","headline":"Shifts and risks in energy","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E12AQFhrXCU56JXLw/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/0/1520155747485?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=DV8ac_8cfY8zd00USxP1sdoYXLHO8tK--LC62vW_cPw"},"articleBody":"\u003Ch1\u003EShifts and risks in energy\u003C/h1\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EArunabha Ghosh  \u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBusiness Standard May 18, 2015\u003C/strong\u003E Last Updated at 21:44 IST\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003EIn 2014, 49 per cent of US \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Crude+Oil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003Ecrude oil \u003C/a\u003Eproduction (4.2 million barrels a day) came from tight oil resources - that is, oil embedded in shale, sandstone and carbonate rock formations. This revolution in US \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003Eenergy \u003C/a\u003Ehas been a function, of course, of technological breakthroughs in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, but also of an ecosystem that supports financial risk-takers, gives clear property rights to landowners, encourages thousands of entrepreneurs and has a deep infrastructure to deliver energy resources. The \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=United+States\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003EUnited States \u003C/a\u003Ehas, consequently, become the world's leading producer of oil and \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Natural+Gas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003Enatural gas\u003C/a\u003Ecombined. Yet, thanks to the fall in oil prices, more than half of the rigs have been laid down. Some investors are questioning their long-term viability. But such price and production volatility aside, there is now growing focus on assessing broader risks to this evolving energy system.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003ELast month, the United States published its first \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Quadrennial+Energy+Review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003EQuadrennial Energy Review \u003C/a\u003E(QER). Twenty-two federal agencies coordinated to report on the energy system's economic, environmental and security priorities, the adequacy of energy policy and priorities for research and development (R&D).\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EBut the real thrust of the first \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Qer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003EQER \u003C/a\u003Ewas to analyse challenges facing energy transport, storage and distribution infrastructure. The United States has 2.6 million miles of pipelines, 640,000 miles of high-voltage transmission lines, 414 natural gas storage facilities, 330 ports handling crude oil and petroleum products, and 140,000 miles of railways to transport oil, gas and coal. It needs $2.6-3.5 billion of annual investment in pipelines alone for the next 15 years.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EThe risks come not only from an ageing infrastructure but also from climate change, storm surges and coastal flooding, which make existing assets more vulnerable and test the resilience and reliability of planned investments. The number of extreme weather events, which have caused damages of more than $1 billion, has increased steadily: five in 2005, when Hurricane Katrina hit, to 16 in 2011 and 11 in 2012. Extreme weather impacts all sorts of energy infrastructure, from electrical power to refineries and \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Liquefied+Natural+Gas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003Eliquefied natural gas \u003C/a\u003E(LNG) terminals. During 2003-13, power outages caused by severe weather cost the US economy $18 billion to $33 billion each year.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EAnother set of risks emerges from adapting to a new energy paradigm and the need to modernise the electric grid. Technology has changed expectations of consumers and companies who increasingly want to control the production and delivery of electricity. The grid has to be flexible and nimble enough to manage the injection of renewable energy. Investment in electricity transmission infrastructure by investor-owned utilities reached $14 billion in 2012. But the transmission and distribution (T&D) infrastructure will need $900 billion of investment by 2030. Alternatively, end-use efficiency, demand management, electricity storage and distributed generation could reduce the needed investments in transmission.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003ESince 1975, the United States has maintained a \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Strategic+Petroleum+Reserve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003Estrategic petroleum reserve \u003C/a\u003E(SPR), comprising 62 salt caverns and four sites in Louisiana and Texas, with a current inventory of 691 million barrels. In case of a supply disruption, the facility can inject 4.4 million barrels a day into distribution networks. The role of the \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Spr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003ESPR \u003C/a\u003Eis no longer merely to ensure that oil reaches refineries. Instead, since the United States has become a \"swing producer\" in global oil markets, the SPR has to ensure that oil reaches refineries \u003Cem\u003Ebefore \u003C/em\u003Ea global oil price shock damages the United States \u003Cem\u003Eand \u003C/em\u003Ethe global economy by freeing up more oil for global markets.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EBut ironically, the boom in US domestic oil and gas production has also exposed new vulnerabilities of the SPR system. Historically, oil flowed south to north to inland refineries. Now, with shale exploration and production in North Dakota and Montana, oil is flowing north to south and to east- and west-coast refineries. Similarly, shale oil from Texas is also flowing to Gulf Coast refineries. This new \"geography of oil\" is putting pressure on refinery capacity and increasing congestion at commercial facilities, which limits the SPR's ability to quickly load oil on to barges and tankers. New infrastructure is now needed to increase distribution capacity, from coastal docking facilities to transporting them to new refineries and additional caverns.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EWhat lessons can India learn from the QER? First, as the \u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=National+Institution+For+Transforming+India\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003ENational Institution for Transforming India\u003C/a\u003E(NITI) Aayog prepares a new energy policy, an emphasis on risk assessments and timely response must be an integral part of any new strategy. Risks are no longer limited to physical attacks and security concerns. Natural disasters, in part exacerbated by climate change, will threaten coastal and inland infrastructure in India. The costs of replacing infrastructure versus building in resilience in advance would have to be carefully calculated. An Indian QER is needed.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003ESecondly, investments in power transmission and the grid must recognise that renewable energy will be a growing share of India's electricity mix. The grid must respond to new energy sources, not the other way round. This would imply commensurate investment in R&D for grid-scale energy storage as well as managing the integration of decentralised energy sources (40 gigawatts are intended from rooftop solar projects) into the grid.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EThirdly, India is building its own SPR of five million tonnes, with facilities in Visakhapatnam, Mangaluru and Padur. But the management of the SPR must be in line with India's integration into global energy markets. The effectiveness of the domestic infrastructure will be tested not solely by its storage capacity, but also by its ability to handle reserves from points of import to points of final use.\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Chr\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe writer is chief executive, Council on Energy, Environment and Water (\u003Ca href=\"http://ceew.in/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003Eceew.in\u003C/a\u003E)\u003C/em\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter: \u003C/em\u003E@GhoshArunabha\u003C/p\u003E \n \u003Cp\u003EThe above column was published in the print edition of Business Standard on 19 May 2015. Link: \u003Cspan\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/arunabha-ghosh-shifts-and-risks-in-energy-115051801418_1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003Ehttp://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/arunabha-ghosh-shifts-and-risks-in-energy-115051801418_1.html\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n \n","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/shifts-risks-energy-arunabha-ghosh"},{"@type":"PublicationIssue","name":"The Palgrave Handbook of the International Political Economy of Energy","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Arunabha Ghosh","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh"},"url":"https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Epalgrave%2Ecom%2Fus%2Fbook%2F9781137556301&urlhash=NbsI","description":"This Handbook is the first volume to analyse the International Political Economy, the who-gets-what-when-and-how, of global energy. Divided into five sections, it features 28 contributions that deal with energy institutions, trade, transitions, conflict and justice. The chapters span a wide range of energy technologies and markets - including oil and gas, biofuels, carbon capture and storage, nuclear, and electricity - and it cuts across the domestic-international divide. Long-standing issues in the IPE of energy such as the role of OPEC and the ‘resource curse’ are combined with emerging issues such as fossil fuel subsidies and carbon markets. IPE perspectives are interwoven with insights from studies on governance, transitions, security, and political ecology. The Handbook serves as a potent reminder that energy systems are as inherently political and economic as they are technical or technological, and demonstrates that the field of IPE has much to offer to studies of the changing world of energy."},{"@type":"PublicationIssue","name":"Energizing India: Towards a Resilient and Equitable Energy System","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Arunabha Ghosh","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh"},"url":"https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eprnewswire%2Eco%2Ein%2Fnews-releases%2Frailway-minister-suresh-prabhu-launches-book-on-shaping-indias-energy-future-572527611%2Ehtml&urlhash=hRgI","description":"The book focuses on India's energy system as a whole and highlights both the demand and supply sides of the energy system, laying special emphasis on the fuel mix dimension, which most directly affects both energy security and environmental sustainability between now and 2050."},{"@type":"PublicationIssue","name":"Human Development and Global Institutions: Evolution, Impact, Reform","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Arunabha Ghosh","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh"},"url":"https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eroutledge%2Ecom%2FHuman-Development-and-Global-Institutions-Evolution-Impact-Reform%2FPonzio-Ghosh%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9780415483605&urlhash=7iMX","description":"This book provides a timely and accessible introduction to the foundational ideas associated with the human development school of thought. It examines its conceptual evolution during the post-colonial era, and discusses how various institutions of the UN system have tried to engage with this issue, both in terms of intellectual and technical advance, and operationally. Showing that human development has had a profound impact on shaping the policy agenda and programming priorities of global institutions, it argues that human development has helped to preserve the continued vitality of major multilateral development programs, funds, and agencies.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EIt also details how human development faces new risks and threats, caused by political, economic, social, and environmental forces which are highlighted in a series of engaging case studies on trade, water, energy, the environment, democracy, human rights, and peacebuilding. The book also makes the case for why human development remains relevant in an increasingly globalized world, while asking whether global institutions will be able to sustain political and moral support from their member states and powerful non-state actors. It argues that fresh new perspectives on human development are now urgently needed to fill critical gaps across borders and entire regions. A positive, forward-looking agenda for the future of global governance would have to engage with new issues such as the Sustainable Development Goals, energy transitions, resource scarcity, and expansion of democratic governance within and between nations.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003ERedefining the overall nature and specific characteristics of what constitutes human progress in an increasingly integrated and interdependent world, this book serves as a primer for scholars and graduate students of international relations and development. It is also relevant to scholars of economics, political science, history, sociology, and women’s studies."},{"@type":"PublicationIssue","name":"Climate Change: A Risk Assessment","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Arunabha Ghosh","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh"},"url":"https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ecsap%2Ecam%2Eac%2Euk%2Fprojects%2Fclimate-change-risk-assessment%2F&urlhash=LPYQ","description":"We know that climate change is a problem – but how big a problem is it? We have to answer this question before we can make a good decision about how much effort to put into dealing with it.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EThis report argues that the risks of climate change should be assessed in the same way as risks to national security, financial stability, or public health. That means we should concentrate especially on understanding what is the worst that could happen, and how likely that might be.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EThe report presents a climate change risk assessment that aims to be holistic, and to be useful to anyone who is interested in understanding the overall scale of the problem. It considers:\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EWhat we are doing to the climate: the future trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions;\u003Cbr\u003EHow the climate may change, and what that could do to us – the ‘direct risks’ arising from the climate’s response to emissions;\u003Cbr\u003EWhat, in the context of a changing climate, we might do to each other – the ‘systemic risks’ arising from the interaction of climate change with systems of trade, governance and security;\u003Cbr\u003EHow to value the risks; and\u003Cbr\u003EHow to reduce the risks – the elements of a proportionate response."},{"@type":"PublicationIssue","name":"Rethink India's energy strategy","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Arunabha Ghosh","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh"},"url":"https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Enature%2Ecom%2Fnews%2Fpolicy-rethink-india-s-energy-strategy-1%2E17508&urlhash=K2wG","description":"Selected as one of 2015's ten most influential comment pieces in Nature, this essay argues that India's energy priorities should be reframed as follows: to cater to the different energy demands of citizens of various economic strata; to direct energy subsidies to benefit the poor; and to promote low-carbon industry."},{"@type":"PublicationIssue","name":"The big push for renewable energy in India: What will drive it?","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Arunabha Ghosh","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh"},"url":"https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fthebulletin%2Eorg%2F2015%2Fjuly%2Fbig-push-renewable-energy-india-what-will-drive-it8455&urlhash=HmCH","description":"ndia’s government has a bold goal for deploying renewable energy: 175 gigawatts of electricity-generating capacity by 2022, including 100 gigawatts of solar power. The country has a history of promoting renewable energy and a rapidly growing portfolio of solar and wind projects, but meeting the solar target alone will require a growth rate equivalent to doubling India’s installed solar capacity every 18 months. It will also require a clear understanding of the three factors that drive energy demand in India (access, security, and efficiency); new federal and state policies and incentives; innovative financing for capital investments estimated at $100 billion or more; and additional funding for manufacturing, training, and job creation. Project developers will have to grapple with the cost and availability of land, grid connections, and backup power. To meet the electricity needs of the poor and encourage rural entrepreneurship, India’s energy policies should aim for a mix of grid-connected and decentralized renewable energy sources."},{"@type":"PublicationIssue","name":"National Water Resources Framework Study","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Arunabha Ghosh","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh"},"url":"https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fceew%2Ein%2Fpublication_detail%2Ephp%3Fid%3D119&urlhash=I58H","description":"This 584-page study was the most comprehensive document prepared on India's water challenges and reforms in preparation for the 12th Five Year Plan. It covers, among others, participatory irrigation management, groundwater management, infrastructure investment and asset management, urban water reforms, legal and regulatory reforms, sanitation, data collection, capacity development, and the case for a National Water Commission."},{"@type":"PublicationIssue","name":"Human Development Report 2006 - Beyond Scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Arunabha Ghosh","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh"},"url":"https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eundp%2Eorg%2Fcontent%2Fundp%2Fen%2Fhome%2Flibrarypage%2Fhdr%2Fhuman-development-report-2006%2Ehtml&urlhash=6DSW","description":"Throughout history water has confronted humanity with some of its greatest challenges. Water is a source of life and a natural resource that sustains our environments and supports livelihoods – but it is also a source of risk and vulnerability. In the early 21st Century, prospects for human development are threatened by a deepening global water crisis. Debunking the myth that the crisis is the result of scarcity, this report argues poverty, power and inequality are at the heart of the problem.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EIn a world of unprecedented wealth, almost 2 million children die each year for want of a glass of clean water and adequate sanitation. Millions of women and young girls are forced to spend hours collecting and carrying water, restricting their opportunities and their choices. And water-borne infectious diseases are holding back poverty reduction and economic growth in some of the world’s poorest countries.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EBeyond the household, competition for water as a productive resource is intensifying. Symptoms of that competition include the collapse of water-based ecological systems, declining river flows and large-scale groundwater depletion. Conflicts over water are intensifying within countries, with the rural poor losing out. The potential for tensions between countries is also growing, though there are large potential human development gains from increased cooperation."},{"@type":"PublicationIssue","name":"Human Development Report 2005 - International cooperation at a crossroads: Aid, trade and security in an unequal world","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Arunabha Ghosh","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh"},"url":"https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr%2Eundp%2Eorg%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fhuman-development-report-2005&urlhash=4oG-","description":"This 2005 Human Development Report takes stock of human development, including progress towards the MDGs. Looking beyond statistics; it highlights the human costs of missed targets and broken promises. Extreme inequality between countries and within countries is identified as one of the main barriers to human development—and as a powerful brake on accelerated progress towards the MDGs.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EThe report suggests that the world’s governments are faced with a choice. They can start a decade for development with the financial resources, technology and capacity to end poverty or we could have a human development failure. “Business as usual” will not allow fulfilling the promises and the commitments made in 2000. The cost of this failure will be measured in human lives, increased inequalities, violations of human rights and threats to peace.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EInternational aid, one of the most effective weapons in the war against poverty, needs to be renovated and reshaped. It should be thought as an investment as well as a moral imperative. In this respect, three conditions for effective aid are:\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003Esufficient quantity;\u003Cbr\u003Ebetter quality (delivered on a predictable value for money basis,with low transaction cost); and\u003Cbr\u003Ecountry ownership.\u003Cbr\u003EFailure in any one area undermines the foundations for future progress.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EThe 2005 Report presents:\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EA comprehensive overview of international development assistance, looking at both its quality and quantity;\u003Cbr\u003EA critical review of progress in the “Doha Development Round” of trade negotiations, highlighting how unfair trade rules reinforce inequality; and\u003Cbr\u003EEvidence of the human development costs of violent conflict, and a review of strategies for conflict prevention."},{"@type":"PublicationIssue","name":"Human Development Report 2004 - Cultural Liberty in Today’s Diverse World","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Arunabha Ghosh","url":"https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh"},"url":"https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr%2Eundp%2Eorg%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fhuman-development-report-2004&urlhash=4H1D","description":"Accommodating people’s growing demands for their inclusion in society, for respect of their ethnicity, religion, and language, takes more than democracy and equitable growth. Also needed are multicultural policies that recognize differences, champion diversity and promote cultural freedoms, so that all people can choose to speak their language, practice their religion, and participate in shaping their culture—so that all people can choose to be who they are.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EThe 2004 Report carefully examines—and rejects—claims that cultural differences necessarily lead to social, economic and political conflict or that inherent cultural rights should supersede political and economic ones.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EThe Report makes a case for respecting diversity and building more inclusive societies by adopting policies that explicitly recognize cultural differences:\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003ECultural liberty is a vital part of human development because being able to choose one’s identity is important in leading a full life;\u003Cbr\u003ECultural liberty allows people to live the lives they value without being excluded from other choices important to them such as education, health or job opportunities;\u003Cbr\u003ESeveral emerging models of multicultural democracy provide effective mechanisms for power sharing between culturally diverse groups;\u003Cbr\u003EPower sharing arrangements have broadly proven to be critical in resolving tensions; and\u003Cbr\u003EMulticultural policies that recognize differences between groups are needed to address injustices historically rooted and socially entrenched."},{"@type":"Person","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","addressLocality":"Delhi, India","addressCountry":"IN"},"alumniOf":[{"@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"Balliol College, University of Oxford","member":{"@type":"OrganizationRole","description":"Thesis title: "See No Evil, Speak No Evil?: The WTO, the Trade Policy Review Mechanism, and Developing Countries"\u003Cbr\u003E(Nominated by Oxford for the Best Thesis Prize at the British International Studies Association)\u003Cbr\u003EMarvin Bower Scholar, Balliol College, 2006-2007\u003Cbr\u003EUniversity of Oxford Clarendon Scholar, 2006-2007","startDate":2006,"endDate":2008}},{"@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"******* *******, ********** ** ******","member":{"@type":"OrganizationRole","description":"Marvin Bower Scholar of International Relations 2001-2003\u003Cbr\u003EOxford University Clarendon Scholar 2001-2003\u003Cbr\u003EJenkyns Prize 2002, Balliol College\u003Cbr\u003EDistinction in International Political Economy\u003Cbr\u003EThesis title: \"Farmers and Pharma: Interests and information in India's intellectual property negotiations\"","startDate":2001,"endDate":2003}},{"@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"******* *******, ********** ** ******","member":{"@type":"OrganizationRole","description":"First Class Honours\u003Cbr\u003EBritish Chevening Radhakrishnan Scholar 1999-2001\u003Cbr\u003EJenkyns Prize 2001, Balliol College","startDate":1999,"endDate":2001}},{"@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"**. *******'* *******, ********** ** *****","member":{"@type":"OrganizationRole","description":"Graduated top of the class with Honours in Economics\u003Cbr\u003EB.D. 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bg-color-surface max-w-[1128px] min-h-[160px] relative scale-[0.25] shadow-sm shadow-color-border-faint transition-[transform] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.33s] focus:outline-0 w-[1128px] mamabear:w-[744px] babybear:w-[360px] rounded-md"> <button class="modal__dismiss btn-tertiary h-[40px] w-[40px] p-0 rounded-full indent-0 sign-in-modal__dismiss absolute right-0 cursor-pointer m-[20px]" aria-label="Dismiss" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_dismiss"> <icon class="sign-in-modal__dismiss-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/gs508lg3t2o81tq7pmcgn6m2"></icon> </button> <div class="modal__main w-full"> <div class="sign-in-modal__screen flex flex-col py-4 w-[513px] babybear:w-full px-3"> <h2 class="sign-in-modal__header font-sans text-display-md text-color-text "> Welcome back </h2> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_show_text" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_show_label" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_hide_text" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_hide_label" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_empty" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_too_long" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_too_short" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_empty" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_too_short" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_too_long" style="display: none"></code>  <form data-id="sign-in-form" action="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/login-submit" method="post" novalidate class="mt-1.5 mb-2"> <input name="loginCsrfParam" value="435f714f-b3c0-4666-8332-73da86f4d288" type="hidden"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <div class="mt-1.5" data-js-module-id="guest-input"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <label class="input-label mb-1" for="public_profile_logo_contextual-sign-in-info_modal_sign-in-modal_session_key"> Email or phone </label> <div class="text-input flex"> <input class="text-color-text font-sans text-md outline-0 bg-color-transparent grow" autocomplete="username" id="public_profile_logo_contextual-sign-in-info_modal_sign-in-modal_session_key" name="session_key" required data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-session-key" data-tracking-client-ingraph type="text"> </div> </div> <p class="input-helper mt-1.5" for="public_profile_logo_contextual-sign-in-info_modal_sign-in-modal_session_key" role="alert" data-js-module-id="guest-input__message"></p> </div> <div class="mt-1.5" data-js-module-id="guest-input"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <label class="input-label mb-1" for="public_profile_logo_contextual-sign-in-info_modal_sign-in-modal_session_password"> Password </label> <div class="text-input flex"> <input class="text-color-text font-sans text-md outline-0 bg-color-transparent grow" autocomplete="current-password" id="public_profile_logo_contextual-sign-in-info_modal_sign-in-modal_session_password" name="session_password" required data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-password" data-tracking-client-ingraph type="password"> <button aria-live="assertive" aria-relevant="text" data-id="sign-in-form__password-visibility-toggle" class="font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-action z-10 ml-[12px] hover:cursor-pointer" aria-label="Show your LinkedIn password" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-password-visibility-toggle-btn" type="button">Show</button> </div> </div> <p class="input-helper mt-1.5" for="public_profile_logo_contextual-sign-in-info_modal_sign-in-modal_session_password" role="alert" data-js-module-id="guest-input__message"></p> </div> <input name="session_redirect" type="hidden">  </div> <div data-id="sign-in-form__footer" class="flex justify-between sign-in-form__footer--full-width"> <a data-id="sign-in-form__forgot-password" class="font-sans text-md font-bold link leading-regular sign-in-form__forgot-password--full-width" href="https://in.linkedin.com/uas/request-password-reset?trk=public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_forgot_password" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_forgot_password" data-tracking-will-navigate>Forgot password?</a>  <input name="trk" value="public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-submit" type="hidden"> <button class="btn-md btn-primary flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer sign-in-form__submit-btn--full-width" data-id="sign-in-form__submit-btn" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-submit-btn" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-litms type="submit"> Sign in </button> </div> <div class="sign-in-form__divider left-right-divider pt-2 pb-3"> <p class="sign-in-form__divider-text font-sans text-sm text-color-text px-2"> or </p> </div> </form> <div class="w-full max-w-[400px] mx-auto"> <div class="google-auth-button" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_google-auth-button" data-tracking-client-ingraph> <code id="isTermsAndConditionsSkipEnabledAuthButton" style="display: none"></code> <p class="linkedin-tc__text text-color-text-low-emphasis text-xs pb-2" data-impression-id="public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal__button-skip-tc-text"> By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s <a href="/legal/user-agreement?trk=public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_user-agreement" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_user-agreement" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">User Agreement</a>, <a href="/legal/privacy-policy?trk=public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_privacy-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_privacy-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Privacy Policy</a>, and <a href="/legal/cookie-policy?trk=public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_cookie-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_cookie-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Cookie Policy</a>. </p> <div class="google-auth-button__placeholder google-auth-button__placeholder--black-border" data-theme="outline" data-logo-alignment="center"></div>  </div> </div>  <p class="sign-in-modal__join-now m-auto font-sans text-md text-color-text mt-2"> New to LinkedIn? <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/public-profile-join?vieweeVanityName=arunabhaghosh&trk=public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="sign-in-modal__join-link">Join now</a> </p> </div> </div>  </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal__divider left-right-divider"> <p class="contextual-sign-in-modal__divider-text font-sans text-sm text-color-text px-2"> or </p> </div> </div> <p class="contextual-sign-in-modal__join-now m-auto font-sans text-md text-color-text my-1"> New to LinkedIn? <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/public-profile-join?vieweeVanityName=arunabhaghosh&trk=public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_logo_cta_contextual-sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="contextual-sign-in-modal__join-link">Join now</a> </p> <p class="linkedin-tc__text text-color-text-low-emphasis text-xs pb-2 contextual-sign-in-modal__terms-and-conditions m-auto w-[320px] pt-2 babybear:w-full" data-impression-id="linkedin-tc__button-skip-tc-text"> By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s <a href="/legal/user-agreement?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_user-agreement" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_user-agreement" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">User Agreement</a>, <a href="/legal/privacy-policy?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_privacy-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_privacy-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Privacy Policy</a>, and <a href="/legal/cookie-policy?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_cookie-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_cookie-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Cookie Policy</a>. </p> </div> </div>  </section> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="top-card-layout__entity-info-container flex flex-wrap papabear:flex-nowrap"> <div class="top-card-layout__entity-info flex-grow flex-shrink-0 basis-0 babybear:flex-none babybear:w-full babybear:flex-none babybear:w-full"> <button class="cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-background-none-tint-hover" data-modal="public_profile_top-card_title-modal-id" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_title-modal-outlet-button"> <h1 class="top-card-layout__title font-sans text-lg papabear:text-xl font-bold leading-open text-color-text mb-0"> Arunabha Ghosh </h1> </button>  <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal top-card-layout__title-modal" data-impression-id="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal">  <div class>  <div id="public_profile_top-card_title-modal-id" class="modal modal--contextual-sign-in" data-outlet="public_profile_top-card_title-modal-id">  <div class="modal__overlay flex items-center bg-color-background-scrim justify-center fixed bottom-0 left-0 right-0 top-0 opacity-0 invisible pointer-events-none z-[1000] transition-[opacity] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.17s] py-4 " aria-hidden="true"> <section aria-modal="true" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="public_profile_top-card_title-modal-id-modal-header" tabindex="-1" class="max-h-full modal__wrapper overflow-auto p-0 bg-color-surface max-w-[1128px] min-h-[160px] relative scale-[0.25] shadow-sm shadow-color-border-faint transition-[transform] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.33s] focus:outline-0 w-[1128px] mamabear:w-[744px] babybear:w-[360px] rounded-md"> <button class="modal__dismiss btn-tertiary h-[40px] w-[40px] p-0 rounded-full indent-0 contextual-sign-in-modal__modal-dismiss absolute right-0 m-[20px] cursor-pointer" aria-label="Dismiss" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_modal_dismiss"> <icon class="contextual-sign-in-modal__modal-dismiss-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/gs508lg3t2o81tq7pmcgn6m2"></icon> </button> <div class="modal__main w-full"> <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal__screen contextual-sign-in-modal__context-screen flex flex-col my-4 mx-3"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-16 h-16 contextual-sign-in-modal__img m-auto" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4D03AQGzNDpFT46ieA/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1616044977068?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=1OvRIE-ix1L4sOauPR_i-e6H8xz0jCbTgJeLgFKipq4" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> <h2 class="contextual-sign-in-modal__context-screen-title font-sans text-xl text-color-text my-2 mx-4 text-center" id="public_profile_top-card_title-modal-id-modal-header"> Sign in to view Arunabha’s full profile </h2>  <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal__btn-container m-auto w-[320px] babybear:w-full">  <div class="w-full max-w-[400px] mx-auto"> <div class="google-auth-button">  <div class="google-auth-button__placeholder " data-theme="filled_blue" data-logo-alignment="center"></div>  </div> </div> <div class="sign-in-modal" data-impression-id="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal"> <button class="sign-in-modal__outlet-btn cursor-pointer btn-md btn-primary btn-secondary" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_outlet-button" data-modal="public_profile_top-card_title-modal-id_sign-in-modal">  Sign in </button> <div class>  <div id="public_profile_top-card_title-modal-id_sign-in-modal" class="modal modal--sign-in" data-outlet="public_profile_top-card_title-modal-id_sign-in-modal">  <div class="modal__overlay flex items-center bg-color-background-scrim justify-center fixed bottom-0 left-0 right-0 top-0 opacity-0 invisible pointer-events-none z-[1000] transition-[opacity] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.17s] py-4 " aria-hidden="true"> <section aria-modal="true" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="public_profile_top-card_title-modal-id_sign-in-modal-modal-header" tabindex="-1" class="max-h-full modal__wrapper overflow-auto p-0 bg-color-surface max-w-[1128px] min-h-[160px] relative scale-[0.25] shadow-sm shadow-color-border-faint transition-[transform] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.33s] focus:outline-0 w-[1128px] mamabear:w-[744px] babybear:w-[360px] rounded-md"> <button class="modal__dismiss btn-tertiary h-[40px] w-[40px] p-0 rounded-full indent-0 sign-in-modal__dismiss absolute right-0 cursor-pointer m-[20px]" aria-label="Dismiss" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_dismiss"> <icon class="sign-in-modal__dismiss-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/gs508lg3t2o81tq7pmcgn6m2"></icon> </button> <div class="modal__main w-full"> <div class="sign-in-modal__screen flex flex-col py-4 w-[513px] babybear:w-full px-3"> <h2 class="sign-in-modal__header font-sans text-display-md text-color-text "> Welcome back </h2> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_show_text" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_show_label" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_hide_text" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_hide_label" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_empty" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_too_long" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_too_short" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_empty" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_too_short" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_too_long" style="display: none"></code>  <form data-id="sign-in-form" action="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/login-submit" method="post" novalidate class="mt-1.5 mb-2"> <input name="loginCsrfParam" value="435f714f-b3c0-4666-8332-73da86f4d288" type="hidden"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <div class="mt-1.5" data-js-module-id="guest-input"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <label class="input-label mb-1" for="public_profile_top-card_title-modal-id_sign-in-modal_session_key"> Email or phone </label> <div class="text-input flex"> <input class="text-color-text font-sans text-md outline-0 bg-color-transparent grow" autocomplete="username" id="public_profile_top-card_title-modal-id_sign-in-modal_session_key" name="session_key" required data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-session-key" data-tracking-client-ingraph type="text"> </div> </div> <p class="input-helper mt-1.5" for="public_profile_top-card_title-modal-id_sign-in-modal_session_key" role="alert" data-js-module-id="guest-input__message"></p> </div> <div class="mt-1.5" data-js-module-id="guest-input"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <label class="input-label mb-1" for="public_profile_top-card_title-modal-id_sign-in-modal_session_password"> Password </label> <div class="text-input flex"> <input class="text-color-text font-sans text-md outline-0 bg-color-transparent grow" autocomplete="current-password" id="public_profile_top-card_title-modal-id_sign-in-modal_session_password" name="session_password" required data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-password" data-tracking-client-ingraph type="password"> <button aria-live="assertive" aria-relevant="text" data-id="sign-in-form__password-visibility-toggle" class="font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-action z-10 ml-[12px] hover:cursor-pointer" aria-label="Show your LinkedIn password" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-password-visibility-toggle-btn" type="button">Show</button> </div> </div> <p class="input-helper mt-1.5" for="public_profile_top-card_title-modal-id_sign-in-modal_session_password" role="alert" data-js-module-id="guest-input__message"></p> </div> <input name="session_redirect" value="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh/overlay/about-this-profile/" type="hidden">  </div> <div data-id="sign-in-form__footer" class="flex justify-between sign-in-form__footer--full-width"> <a data-id="sign-in-form__forgot-password" class="font-sans text-md font-bold link leading-regular sign-in-form__forgot-password--full-width" href="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/request-password-reset?trk=public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_forgot_password" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_forgot_password" data-tracking-will-navigate>Forgot password?</a>  <input name="trk" value="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-submit" type="hidden"> <button class="btn-md btn-primary flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer sign-in-form__submit-btn--full-width" data-id="sign-in-form__submit-btn" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-submit-btn" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-litms type="submit"> Sign in </button> </div> <div class="sign-in-form__divider left-right-divider pt-2 pb-3"> <p class="sign-in-form__divider-text font-sans text-sm text-color-text px-2"> or </p> </div> </form> <div class="w-full max-w-[400px] mx-auto"> <div class="google-auth-button" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_google-auth-button" data-tracking-client-ingraph> <code id="isTermsAndConditionsSkipEnabledAuthButton" style="display: none"></code> <p class="linkedin-tc__text text-color-text-low-emphasis text-xs pb-2" data-impression-id="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal__button-skip-tc-text"> By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s <a href="/legal/user-agreement?trk=public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_user-agreement" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_user-agreement" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">User Agreement</a>, <a href="/legal/privacy-policy?trk=public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_privacy-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_privacy-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Privacy Policy</a>, and <a href="/legal/cookie-policy?trk=public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_cookie-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_cookie-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Cookie Policy</a>. </p> <div class="google-auth-button__placeholder google-auth-button__placeholder--black-border" data-theme="outline" data-logo-alignment="center"></div>  </div> </div>  <p class="sign-in-modal__join-now m-auto font-sans text-md text-color-text mt-2"> New to LinkedIn? <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/public-profile-join?vieweeVanityName=arunabhaghosh&trk=public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="sign-in-modal__join-link">Join now</a> </p> </div> </div>  </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal__divider left-right-divider"> <p class="contextual-sign-in-modal__divider-text font-sans text-sm text-color-text px-2"> or </p> </div> </div> <p class="contextual-sign-in-modal__join-now m-auto font-sans text-md text-color-text my-1"> New to LinkedIn? <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/public-profile-join?vieweeVanityName=arunabhaghosh&trk=public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_title-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="contextual-sign-in-modal__join-link">Join now</a> </p> <p class="linkedin-tc__text text-color-text-low-emphasis text-xs pb-2 contextual-sign-in-modal__terms-and-conditions m-auto w-[320px] pt-2 babybear:w-full" data-impression-id="linkedin-tc__button-skip-tc-text"> By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s <a href="/legal/user-agreement?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_user-agreement" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_user-agreement" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">User Agreement</a>, <a href="/legal/privacy-policy?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_privacy-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_privacy-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Privacy Policy</a>, and <a href="/legal/cookie-policy?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_cookie-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_cookie-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Cookie Policy</a>. </p> </div> </div>  </section> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <h3 class="top-card-layout__first-subline font-sans text-md leading-open text-color-text-low-emphasis"> <div class="profile-info-subheader"> <div class="not-first-middot"> <span>Delhi, India</span> <span class="link cursor-pointer" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal-trigger" data-modal="public_profile_profile-info-subheader__contact-info_modal" data-no-cool-off="true"> Contact Info </span> </div> <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal contact-info-modal" data-impression-id="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal">  <div class>  <div id="public_profile_profile-info-subheader__contact-info_modal" class="modal modal--contextual-sign-in" data-outlet="public_profile_profile-info-subheader__contact-info_modal">  <div class="modal__overlay flex items-center bg-color-background-scrim justify-center fixed bottom-0 left-0 right-0 top-0 opacity-0 invisible pointer-events-none z-[1000] transition-[opacity] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.17s] py-4 " aria-hidden="true"> <section aria-modal="true" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="public_profile_profile-info-subheader__contact-info_modal-modal-header" tabindex="-1" class="max-h-full modal__wrapper overflow-auto p-0 bg-color-surface max-w-[1128px] min-h-[160px] relative scale-[0.25] shadow-sm shadow-color-border-faint transition-[transform] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.33s] focus:outline-0 w-[1128px] mamabear:w-[744px] babybear:w-[360px] rounded-md"> <button class="modal__dismiss btn-tertiary h-[40px] w-[40px] p-0 rounded-full indent-0 contextual-sign-in-modal__modal-dismiss absolute right-0 m-[20px] cursor-pointer" aria-label="Dismiss" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_modal_dismiss"> <icon class="contextual-sign-in-modal__modal-dismiss-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/gs508lg3t2o81tq7pmcgn6m2"></icon> </button> <div class="modal__main w-full"> <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal__screen contextual-sign-in-modal__context-screen flex flex-col my-4 mx-3"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-16 h-16 contextual-sign-in-modal__img m-auto" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4D03AQGzNDpFT46ieA/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1616044977068?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=1OvRIE-ix1L4sOauPR_i-e6H8xz0jCbTgJeLgFKipq4" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> <h2 class="contextual-sign-in-modal__context-screen-title font-sans text-xl text-color-text my-2 mx-4 text-center" id="public_profile_profile-info-subheader__contact-info_modal-modal-header"> Sign in to view Arunabha’s full profile </h2>  <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal__btn-container m-auto w-[320px] babybear:w-full">  <div class="w-full max-w-[400px] mx-auto"> <div class="google-auth-button">  <div class="google-auth-button__placeholder " data-theme="filled_blue" data-logo-alignment="center"></div>  </div> </div> <div class="sign-in-modal" data-impression-id="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal"> <button class="sign-in-modal__outlet-btn cursor-pointer btn-md btn-primary btn-secondary" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_outlet-button" data-modal="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_sign-in-modal">  Sign in </button> <div class>  <div id="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_sign-in-modal" class="modal modal--sign-in" data-outlet="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_sign-in-modal">  <div class="modal__overlay flex items-center bg-color-background-scrim justify-center fixed bottom-0 left-0 right-0 top-0 opacity-0 invisible pointer-events-none z-[1000] transition-[opacity] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.17s] py-4 " aria-hidden="true"> <section aria-modal="true" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_sign-in-modal-modal-header" tabindex="-1" class="max-h-full modal__wrapper overflow-auto p-0 bg-color-surface max-w-[1128px] min-h-[160px] relative scale-[0.25] shadow-sm shadow-color-border-faint transition-[transform] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.33s] focus:outline-0 w-[1128px] mamabear:w-[744px] babybear:w-[360px] rounded-md"> <button class="modal__dismiss btn-tertiary h-[40px] w-[40px] p-0 rounded-full indent-0 sign-in-modal__dismiss absolute right-0 cursor-pointer m-[20px]" aria-label="Dismiss" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_dismiss"> <icon class="sign-in-modal__dismiss-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/gs508lg3t2o81tq7pmcgn6m2"></icon> </button> <div class="modal__main w-full"> <div class="sign-in-modal__screen flex flex-col py-4 w-[513px] babybear:w-full px-3"> <h2 class="sign-in-modal__header font-sans text-display-md text-color-text "> Welcome back </h2> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_show_text" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_show_label" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_hide_text" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_hide_label" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_empty" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_too_long" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_too_short" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_empty" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_too_short" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_too_long" style="display: none"></code>  <form data-id="sign-in-form" action="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/login-submit" method="post" novalidate class="mt-1.5 mb-2"> <input name="loginCsrfParam" value="435f714f-b3c0-4666-8332-73da86f4d288" type="hidden"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <div class="mt-1.5" data-js-module-id="guest-input"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <label class="input-label mb-1" for="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_sign-in-modal_session_key"> Email or phone </label> <div class="text-input flex"> <input class="text-color-text font-sans text-md outline-0 bg-color-transparent grow" autocomplete="username" id="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_sign-in-modal_session_key" name="session_key" required data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-session-key" data-tracking-client-ingraph type="text"> </div> </div> <p class="input-helper mt-1.5" for="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_sign-in-modal_session_key" role="alert" data-js-module-id="guest-input__message"></p> </div> <div class="mt-1.5" data-js-module-id="guest-input"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <label class="input-label mb-1" for="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_sign-in-modal_session_password"> Password </label> <div class="text-input flex"> <input class="text-color-text font-sans text-md outline-0 bg-color-transparent grow" autocomplete="current-password" id="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_sign-in-modal_session_password" name="session_password" required data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-password" data-tracking-client-ingraph type="password"> <button aria-live="assertive" aria-relevant="text" data-id="sign-in-form__password-visibility-toggle" class="font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-action z-10 ml-[12px] hover:cursor-pointer" aria-label="Show your LinkedIn password" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-password-visibility-toggle-btn" type="button">Show</button> </div> </div> <p class="input-helper mt-1.5" for="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_sign-in-modal_session_password" role="alert" data-js-module-id="guest-input__message"></p> </div> <input name="session_redirect" value="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh/overlay/contact-info/" type="hidden">  </div> <div data-id="sign-in-form__footer" class="flex justify-between sign-in-form__footer--full-width"> <a data-id="sign-in-form__forgot-password" class="font-sans text-md font-bold link leading-regular sign-in-form__forgot-password--full-width" href="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/request-password-reset?trk=public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_forgot_password" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_forgot_password" data-tracking-will-navigate>Forgot password?</a>  <input name="trk" value="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-submit" type="hidden"> <button class="btn-md btn-primary flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer sign-in-form__submit-btn--full-width" data-id="sign-in-form__submit-btn" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-submit-btn" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-litms type="submit"> Sign in </button> </div> <div class="sign-in-form__divider left-right-divider pt-2 pb-3"> <p class="sign-in-form__divider-text font-sans text-sm text-color-text px-2"> or </p> </div> </form> <div class="w-full max-w-[400px] mx-auto"> <div class="google-auth-button" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_google-auth-button" data-tracking-client-ingraph> <code id="isTermsAndConditionsSkipEnabledAuthButton" style="display: none"></code> <p class="linkedin-tc__text text-color-text-low-emphasis text-xs pb-2" data-impression-id="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal__button-skip-tc-text"> By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s <a href="/legal/user-agreement?trk=public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_user-agreement" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_user-agreement" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">User Agreement</a>, <a href="/legal/privacy-policy?trk=public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_privacy-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_privacy-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Privacy Policy</a>, and <a href="/legal/cookie-policy?trk=public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_cookie-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_cookie-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Cookie Policy</a>. </p> <div class="google-auth-button__placeholder google-auth-button__placeholder--black-border" data-theme="outline" data-logo-alignment="center"></div>  </div> </div>  <p class="sign-in-modal__join-now m-auto font-sans text-md text-color-text mt-2"> New to LinkedIn? <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/public-profile-join?vieweeVanityName=arunabhaghosh&trk=public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="sign-in-modal__join-link">Join now</a> </p> </div> </div>  </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal__divider left-right-divider"> <p class="contextual-sign-in-modal__divider-text font-sans text-sm text-color-text px-2"> or </p> </div> </div> <p class="contextual-sign-in-modal__join-now m-auto font-sans text-md text-color-text my-1"> New to LinkedIn? <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/public-profile-join?vieweeVanityName=arunabhaghosh&trk=public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_profile-info-subheader_contact-info_modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="contextual-sign-in-modal__join-link">Join now</a> </p> <p class="linkedin-tc__text text-color-text-low-emphasis text-xs pb-2 contextual-sign-in-modal__terms-and-conditions m-auto w-[320px] pt-2 babybear:w-full" data-impression-id="linkedin-tc__button-skip-tc-text"> By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s <a href="/legal/user-agreement?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_user-agreement" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_user-agreement" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">User Agreement</a>, <a href="/legal/privacy-policy?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_privacy-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_privacy-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Privacy Policy</a>, and <a href="/legal/cookie-policy?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_cookie-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_cookie-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Cookie Policy</a>. </p> </div> </div>  </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="not-first-middot"> <span> 28K followers </span> <span> 500+ connections </span> </div> </div> </h3> <h4 class="top-card-layout__second-subline font-sans text-sm leading-open text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5">  <div class="mutual-connections mt-1"> <div class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/397yg3cgl0og467qsytafbsj" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/3akw2yuev7ctin9topahifmhg" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/1oohr7bvai8zhfg0n5i7yga5t" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <button aria-label="See your mutual connections with Arunabha" class="font-semibold text-color-link cursor-pointer" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_mutual-connections_modal-trigger" data-modal="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal" data-no-cool-off="true">See your mutual connections</button> </div> <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal mutual-connections-modal" data-impression-id="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal">  <div class>  <div id="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal" class="modal modal--contextual-sign-in" data-outlet="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal">  <div class="modal__overlay flex items-center bg-color-background-scrim justify-center fixed bottom-0 left-0 right-0 top-0 opacity-0 invisible pointer-events-none z-[1000] transition-[opacity] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.17s] py-4 " aria-hidden="true"> <section aria-modal="true" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal-modal-header" tabindex="-1" class="max-h-full modal__wrapper overflow-auto p-0 bg-color-surface max-w-[1128px] min-h-[160px] relative scale-[0.25] shadow-sm shadow-color-border-faint transition-[transform] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.33s] focus:outline-0 w-[1128px] mamabear:w-[744px] babybear:w-[360px] rounded-md"> <button class="modal__dismiss btn-tertiary h-[40px] w-[40px] p-0 rounded-full indent-0 contextual-sign-in-modal__modal-dismiss absolute right-0 m-[20px] cursor-pointer" aria-label="Dismiss" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_modal_dismiss"> <icon class="contextual-sign-in-modal__modal-dismiss-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/gs508lg3t2o81tq7pmcgn6m2"></icon> </button> <div class="modal__main w-full"> <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal__screen contextual-sign-in-modal__context-screen flex flex-col my-4 mx-3"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-16 h-16 contextual-sign-in-modal__img m-auto" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4D03AQGzNDpFT46ieA/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1616044977068?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=1OvRIE-ix1L4sOauPR_i-e6H8xz0jCbTgJeLgFKipq4" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> <h2 class="contextual-sign-in-modal__context-screen-title font-sans text-xl text-color-text my-2 mx-4 text-center" id="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal-modal-header"> View mutual connections with Arunabha </h2>  <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal__btn-container m-auto w-[320px] babybear:w-full">  <div class="w-full max-w-[400px] mx-auto"> <div class="google-auth-button">  <div class="google-auth-button__placeholder " data-theme="filled_blue" data-logo-alignment="center"></div>  </div> </div> <div class="sign-in-modal" data-impression-id="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal"> <button class="sign-in-modal__outlet-btn cursor-pointer btn-md btn-primary btn-secondary" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_outlet-button" data-modal="public_profile_mutual-connections_sign-in-modal">  Sign in </button> <div class>  <div id="public_profile_mutual-connections_sign-in-modal" class="modal modal--sign-in" data-outlet="public_profile_mutual-connections_sign-in-modal">  <div class="modal__overlay flex items-center bg-color-background-scrim justify-center fixed bottom-0 left-0 right-0 top-0 opacity-0 invisible pointer-events-none z-[1000] transition-[opacity] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.17s] py-4 " aria-hidden="true"> <section aria-modal="true" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="public_profile_mutual-connections_sign-in-modal-modal-header" tabindex="-1" class="max-h-full modal__wrapper overflow-auto p-0 bg-color-surface max-w-[1128px] min-h-[160px] relative scale-[0.25] shadow-sm shadow-color-border-faint transition-[transform] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.33s] focus:outline-0 w-[1128px] mamabear:w-[744px] babybear:w-[360px] rounded-md"> <button class="modal__dismiss btn-tertiary h-[40px] w-[40px] p-0 rounded-full indent-0 sign-in-modal__dismiss absolute right-0 cursor-pointer m-[20px]" aria-label="Dismiss" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_dismiss"> <icon class="sign-in-modal__dismiss-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/gs508lg3t2o81tq7pmcgn6m2"></icon> </button> <div class="modal__main w-full"> <div class="sign-in-modal__screen flex flex-col py-4 w-[513px] babybear:w-full px-3"> <h2 class="sign-in-modal__header font-sans text-display-md text-color-text "> Welcome back </h2> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_show_text" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_show_label" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_hide_text" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_hide_label" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_empty" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_too_long" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_too_short" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_empty" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_too_short" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_too_long" style="display: none"></code>  <form data-id="sign-in-form" action="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/login-submit" method="post" novalidate class="mt-1.5 mb-2"> <input name="loginCsrfParam" value="435f714f-b3c0-4666-8332-73da86f4d288" type="hidden"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <div class="mt-1.5" data-js-module-id="guest-input"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <label class="input-label mb-1" for="public_profile_mutual-connections_sign-in-modal_session_key"> Email or phone </label> <div class="text-input flex"> <input class="text-color-text font-sans text-md outline-0 bg-color-transparent grow" autocomplete="username" id="public_profile_mutual-connections_sign-in-modal_session_key" name="session_key" required data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-session-key" data-tracking-client-ingraph type="text"> </div> </div> <p class="input-helper mt-1.5" for="public_profile_mutual-connections_sign-in-modal_session_key" role="alert" data-js-module-id="guest-input__message"></p> </div> <div class="mt-1.5" data-js-module-id="guest-input"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <label class="input-label mb-1" for="public_profile_mutual-connections_sign-in-modal_session_password"> Password </label> <div class="text-input flex"> <input class="text-color-text font-sans text-md outline-0 bg-color-transparent grow" autocomplete="current-password" id="public_profile_mutual-connections_sign-in-modal_session_password" name="session_password" required data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-password" data-tracking-client-ingraph type="password"> <button aria-live="assertive" aria-relevant="text" data-id="sign-in-form__password-visibility-toggle" class="font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-action z-10 ml-[12px] hover:cursor-pointer" aria-label="Show your LinkedIn password" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-password-visibility-toggle-btn" type="button">Show</button> </div> </div> <p class="input-helper mt-1.5" for="public_profile_mutual-connections_sign-in-modal_session_password" role="alert" data-js-module-id="guest-input__message"></p> </div> <input name="session_redirect" value="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh" type="hidden">  </div> <div data-id="sign-in-form__footer" class="flex justify-between sign-in-form__footer--full-width"> <a data-id="sign-in-form__forgot-password" class="font-sans text-md font-bold link leading-regular sign-in-form__forgot-password--full-width" href="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/request-password-reset?trk=public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_forgot_password" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_forgot_password" data-tracking-will-navigate>Forgot password?</a>  <input name="trk" value="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-submit" type="hidden"> <button class="btn-md btn-primary flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer sign-in-form__submit-btn--full-width" data-id="sign-in-form__submit-btn" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-submit-btn" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-litms type="submit"> Sign in </button> </div> <div class="sign-in-form__divider left-right-divider pt-2 pb-3"> <p class="sign-in-form__divider-text font-sans text-sm text-color-text px-2"> or </p> </div> </form> <div class="w-full max-w-[400px] mx-auto"> <div class="google-auth-button" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_google-auth-button" data-tracking-client-ingraph> <code id="isTermsAndConditionsSkipEnabledAuthButton" style="display: none"></code> <p class="linkedin-tc__text text-color-text-low-emphasis text-xs pb-2" data-impression-id="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal__button-skip-tc-text"> By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s <a href="/legal/user-agreement?trk=public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_user-agreement" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_user-agreement" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">User Agreement</a>, <a href="/legal/privacy-policy?trk=public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_privacy-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_privacy-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Privacy Policy</a>, and <a href="/legal/cookie-policy?trk=public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_cookie-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_cookie-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Cookie Policy</a>. </p> <div class="google-auth-button__placeholder google-auth-button__placeholder--black-border" data-theme="outline" data-logo-alignment="center"></div>  </div> </div>  <p class="sign-in-modal__join-now m-auto font-sans text-md text-color-text mt-2"> New to LinkedIn? <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/public-profile-join?vieweeVanityName=arunabhaghosh&trk=public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="sign-in-modal__join-link">Join now</a> </p> </div> </div>  </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal__divider left-right-divider"> <p class="contextual-sign-in-modal__divider-text font-sans text-sm text-color-text px-2"> or </p> </div> </div> <p class="contextual-sign-in-modal__join-now m-auto font-sans text-md text-color-text my-1"> New to LinkedIn? <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/public-profile-join?vieweeVanityName=arunabhaghosh&trk=public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_mutual-connections_contextual-sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="contextual-sign-in-modal__join-link">Join now</a> </p> <p class="linkedin-tc__text text-color-text-low-emphasis text-xs pb-2 contextual-sign-in-modal__terms-and-conditions m-auto w-[320px] pt-2 babybear:w-full" data-impression-id="linkedin-tc__button-skip-tc-text"> By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s <a href="/legal/user-agreement?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_user-agreement" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_user-agreement" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">User Agreement</a>, <a href="/legal/privacy-policy?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_privacy-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_privacy-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Privacy Policy</a>, and <a href="/legal/cookie-policy?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_cookie-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_cookie-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Cookie Policy</a>. </p> </div> </div>  </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </h4> <div class="top-card-layout__cta-container flex flex-wrap mt-0.5 papabear:mt-0 ml-[-12px]"> <a class="top-card-layout__cta mt-2 ml-1.5 h-auto babybear:flex-auto top-card-layout__cta--primary btn-md btn-primary" href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/public-profile-join?vieweeVanityName=arunabhaghosh&trk=public_profile_top-card-primary-button-join-to-view-profile" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card-primary-button-join-to-view-profile" data-tracking-will-navigate> Join to view profile </a> <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal top-card-layout__secondary-cta-modal flex babybear:flex-auto" data-impression-id="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal"> <button class="contextual-sign-in-modal__outlet-btn cursor-pointer btn-md btn-primary top-card-layout__cta mt-2 ml-1.5 h-auto babybear:flex-auto top-card-layout__cta--secondary btn-md btn-secondary-emphasis" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_outlet-button" data-modal="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal-id"> <icon class="w-2 h-2 align-middle mr-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/3ljz3g2ipmq0j47d44m25e1ug"></icon> Message </button> <div class>  <div id="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal-id" class="modal modal--contextual-sign-in" data-outlet="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal-id">  <div class="modal__overlay flex items-center bg-color-background-scrim justify-center fixed bottom-0 left-0 right-0 top-0 opacity-0 invisible pointer-events-none z-[1000] transition-[opacity] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.17s] py-4 " aria-hidden="true"> <section aria-modal="true" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal-id-modal-header" tabindex="-1" class="max-h-full modal__wrapper overflow-auto p-0 bg-color-surface max-w-[1128px] min-h-[160px] relative scale-[0.25] shadow-sm shadow-color-border-faint transition-[transform] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.33s] focus:outline-0 w-[1128px] mamabear:w-[744px] babybear:w-[360px] rounded-md"> <button class="modal__dismiss btn-tertiary h-[40px] w-[40px] p-0 rounded-full indent-0 contextual-sign-in-modal__modal-dismiss absolute right-0 m-[20px] cursor-pointer" aria-label="Dismiss" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_modal_dismiss"> <icon class="contextual-sign-in-modal__modal-dismiss-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/gs508lg3t2o81tq7pmcgn6m2"></icon> </button> <div class="modal__main w-full"> <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal__screen contextual-sign-in-modal__context-screen flex flex-col my-4 mx-3"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-16 h-16 contextual-sign-in-modal__img m-auto" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4D03AQGzNDpFT46ieA/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1616044977068?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=1OvRIE-ix1L4sOauPR_i-e6H8xz0jCbTgJeLgFKipq4" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> <h2 class="contextual-sign-in-modal__context-screen-title font-sans text-xl text-color-text my-2 mx-4 text-center" id="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal-id-modal-header"> Sign in to view Arunabha’s full profile </h2>  <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal__btn-container m-auto w-[320px] babybear:w-full">  <div class="w-full max-w-[400px] mx-auto"> <div class="google-auth-button">  <div class="google-auth-button__placeholder " data-theme="filled_blue" data-logo-alignment="center"></div>  </div> </div> <div class="sign-in-modal" data-impression-id="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal"> <button class="sign-in-modal__outlet-btn cursor-pointer btn-md btn-primary btn-secondary" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_outlet-button" data-modal="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal-id_sign-in-modal">  Sign in </button> <div class>  <div id="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal-id_sign-in-modal" class="modal modal--sign-in" data-outlet="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal-id_sign-in-modal">  <div class="modal__overlay flex items-center bg-color-background-scrim justify-center fixed bottom-0 left-0 right-0 top-0 opacity-0 invisible pointer-events-none z-[1000] transition-[opacity] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.17s] py-4 " aria-hidden="true"> <section aria-modal="true" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal-id_sign-in-modal-modal-header" tabindex="-1" class="max-h-full modal__wrapper overflow-auto p-0 bg-color-surface max-w-[1128px] min-h-[160px] relative scale-[0.25] shadow-sm shadow-color-border-faint transition-[transform] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.33s] focus:outline-0 w-[1128px] mamabear:w-[744px] babybear:w-[360px] rounded-md"> <button class="modal__dismiss btn-tertiary h-[40px] w-[40px] p-0 rounded-full indent-0 sign-in-modal__dismiss absolute right-0 cursor-pointer m-[20px]" aria-label="Dismiss" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_dismiss"> <icon class="sign-in-modal__dismiss-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/gs508lg3t2o81tq7pmcgn6m2"></icon> </button> <div class="modal__main w-full"> <div class="sign-in-modal__screen flex flex-col py-4 w-[513px] babybear:w-full px-3"> <h2 class="sign-in-modal__header font-sans text-display-md text-color-text "> Welcome back </h2> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_show_text" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_show_label" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_hide_text" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_hide_label" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_empty" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_too_long" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_too_short" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_empty" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_too_short" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_too_long" style="display: none"></code>  <form data-id="sign-in-form" action="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/login-submit" method="post" novalidate class="mt-1.5 mb-2"> <input name="loginCsrfParam" value="435f714f-b3c0-4666-8332-73da86f4d288" type="hidden"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <div class="mt-1.5" data-js-module-id="guest-input"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <label class="input-label mb-1" for="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal-id_sign-in-modal_session_key"> Email or phone </label> <div class="text-input flex"> <input class="text-color-text font-sans text-md outline-0 bg-color-transparent grow" autocomplete="username" id="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal-id_sign-in-modal_session_key" name="session_key" required data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-session-key" data-tracking-client-ingraph type="text"> </div> </div> <p class="input-helper mt-1.5" for="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal-id_sign-in-modal_session_key" role="alert" data-js-module-id="guest-input__message"></p> </div> <div class="mt-1.5" data-js-module-id="guest-input"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <label class="input-label mb-1" for="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal-id_sign-in-modal_session_password"> Password </label> <div class="text-input flex"> <input class="text-color-text font-sans text-md outline-0 bg-color-transparent grow" autocomplete="current-password" id="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal-id_sign-in-modal_session_password" name="session_password" required data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-password" data-tracking-client-ingraph type="password"> <button aria-live="assertive" aria-relevant="text" data-id="sign-in-form__password-visibility-toggle" class="font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-action z-10 ml-[12px] hover:cursor-pointer" aria-label="Show your LinkedIn password" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-password-visibility-toggle-btn" type="button">Show</button> </div> </div> <p class="input-helper mt-1.5" for="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal-id_sign-in-modal_session_password" role="alert" data-js-module-id="guest-input__message"></p> </div> <input name="session_redirect" value="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh" type="hidden">  </div> <div data-id="sign-in-form__footer" class="flex justify-between sign-in-form__footer--full-width"> <a data-id="sign-in-form__forgot-password" class="font-sans text-md font-bold link leading-regular sign-in-form__forgot-password--full-width" href="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/request-password-reset?trk=public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_forgot_password" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_forgot_password" data-tracking-will-navigate>Forgot password?</a>  <input name="trk" value="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-submit" type="hidden"> <button class="btn-md btn-primary flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer sign-in-form__submit-btn--full-width" data-id="sign-in-form__submit-btn" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-submit-btn" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-litms type="submit"> Sign in </button> </div> <div class="sign-in-form__divider left-right-divider pt-2 pb-3"> <p class="sign-in-form__divider-text font-sans text-sm text-color-text px-2"> or </p> </div> </form> <div class="w-full max-w-[400px] mx-auto"> <div class="google-auth-button" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_google-auth-button" data-tracking-client-ingraph> <code id="isTermsAndConditionsSkipEnabledAuthButton" style="display: none"></code> <p class="linkedin-tc__text text-color-text-low-emphasis text-xs pb-2" data-impression-id="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal__button-skip-tc-text"> By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s <a href="/legal/user-agreement?trk=public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_user-agreement" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_user-agreement" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">User Agreement</a>, <a href="/legal/privacy-policy?trk=public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_privacy-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_privacy-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Privacy Policy</a>, and <a href="/legal/cookie-policy?trk=public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_cookie-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_top-card_secondary-cta-modal_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_cookie-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Cookie Policy</a>. </p> <div class="google-auth-button__placeholder google-auth-button__placeholder--black-border" data-theme="outline" data-logo-alignment="center"></div>  </div> </div>  <p class="sign-in-modal__join-now m-auto font-sans text-md text-color-text mt-2"> New to LinkedIn? <a 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href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Egeg%2Eox%2Eac%2Euk%2Fperson%2Farunabha-ghosh&urlhash=D_TT&trk=public_profile_website" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_website" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="font-semibold"> https://www.geg.ox.ac.uk/person/arunabha-ghosh </span><img alt class="h-2 w-2 ml-0.5 align-baseline" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/8w0vew433o9nluoruq9k5eqy"> </a> </dd> </div> </dl> </div>  </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ellipsis-menu absolute right-0 top-0 top-card-layout__ellipsis-menu mr-1 papabear:mt-0.5 papabear:mr-2"> <div class="collapsible-dropdown flex items-center relative hyphens-auto"> <button class="ellipsis-menu__trigger collapsible-dropdown__button btn-md btn-tertiary cursor-pointer !py-[6px] !px-1 flex items-center rounded-[50%] " aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open menu" 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data-semaphore-content-urn="urn:li:member:4086855" data-semaphore-tracking-prefix="public_profile_ellipsis-menu-semaphore" data-is-logged-in="false" data-modal="semaphore__toggle" class="semaphore__toggle visited:text-color-text-secondary ellipsis-menu__semaphore ellipsis-menu__item-button flex items-center w-full p-1 cursor-pointer font-sans text-sm font-bold link-styled focus:link-styled link:no-underline active:bg-color-background-container-tint focus:bg-color-background-container-tint hover:bg-color-background-container-tint outline-offset-[-2px]">  <icon class="ellipsis-menu__item-icon text-color-text h-[24px] w-[24px] mr-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/iq0x9q37wj214o129ai1yjut"> </icon> Report this profile </a>  </li>  </ul>  </div> </div>  </div> </section>   <section class="core-section-container core-section-container--with-border border-b-1 border-solid border-color-border-faint py-4 pp-section summary" data-section="summary">  <h2 class="core-section-container__title section-title"> About </h2>  <div class="core-section-container__content break-words"> <div> Arunabha Ghosh is a public policy professional, adviser, author, columnist, and… <div class="sign-in-modal summary__sign-in-modal inline -ml-2" data-impression-id="public_profile_sign-in-modal"> <button class="sign-in-modal__outlet-btn cursor-pointer btn-md btn-primary !btn-sm !pl-2 !btn-tertiary !text-color-text-low-emphasis !font-normal !visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_sign-in-modal_outlet-button" data-modal="summary-sign-in-modal">  <span class="inline-block align-middle"> see more </span> </button> <div class>  <div id="summary-sign-in-modal" class="modal modal--sign-in" data-outlet="summary-sign-in-modal">  <div class="modal__overlay flex items-center bg-color-background-scrim justify-center fixed bottom-0 left-0 right-0 top-0 opacity-0 invisible pointer-events-none z-[1000] transition-[opacity] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.17s] py-4 " aria-hidden="true"> <section aria-modal="true" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="summary-sign-in-modal-modal-header" tabindex="-1" class="max-h-full modal__wrapper overflow-auto p-0 bg-color-surface max-w-[1128px] min-h-[160px] relative scale-[0.25] shadow-sm shadow-color-border-faint transition-[transform] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.33s] focus:outline-0 w-[1128px] mamabear:w-[744px] babybear:w-[360px] rounded-md"> <button class="modal__dismiss btn-tertiary h-[40px] w-[40px] p-0 rounded-full indent-0 sign-in-modal__dismiss absolute right-0 cursor-pointer m-[20px]" aria-label="Dismiss" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_sign-in-modal_dismiss"> <icon class="sign-in-modal__dismiss-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/gs508lg3t2o81tq7pmcgn6m2"></icon> </button> <div class="modal__main w-full"> <div class="sign-in-modal__screen flex flex-col py-4 w-[513px] babybear:w-full px-3"> <h2 class="sign-in-modal__header font-sans text-display-md text-color-text "> Welcome back </h2> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_show_text" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_show_label" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_hide_text" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_hide_label" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_empty" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_too_long" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_too_short" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_empty" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_too_short" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_too_long" style="display: none"></code>  <form data-id="sign-in-form" action="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/login-submit" method="post" novalidate class="mt-1.5 mb-2"> <input name="loginCsrfParam" value="435f714f-b3c0-4666-8332-73da86f4d288" type="hidden"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <div class="mt-1.5" data-js-module-id="guest-input"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <label class="input-label mb-1" for="summary-sign-in-modal_session_key"> Email or phone </label> <div class="text-input flex"> <input class="text-color-text font-sans text-md outline-0 bg-color-transparent grow" autocomplete="username" id="summary-sign-in-modal_session_key" name="session_key" required data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_sign-in-modal_sign-in-session-key" data-tracking-client-ingraph type="text"> </div> </div> <p class="input-helper mt-1.5" for="summary-sign-in-modal_session_key" role="alert" data-js-module-id="guest-input__message"></p> </div> <div class="mt-1.5" data-js-module-id="guest-input"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <label class="input-label mb-1" for="summary-sign-in-modal_session_password"> Password </label> <div class="text-input flex"> <input class="text-color-text font-sans text-md outline-0 bg-color-transparent grow" autocomplete="current-password" id="summary-sign-in-modal_session_password" name="session_password" required data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_sign-in-modal_sign-in-password" data-tracking-client-ingraph type="password"> <button aria-live="assertive" aria-relevant="text" data-id="sign-in-form__password-visibility-toggle" class="font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-action z-10 ml-[12px] hover:cursor-pointer" aria-label="Show your LinkedIn password" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_sign-in-modal_sign-in-password-visibility-toggle-btn" type="button">Show</button> </div> </div> <p class="input-helper mt-1.5" for="summary-sign-in-modal_session_password" role="alert" data-js-module-id="guest-input__message"></p> </div> <input name="session_redirect" value="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh" type="hidden">  </div> <div data-id="sign-in-form__footer" class="flex justify-between sign-in-form__footer--full-width"> <a data-id="sign-in-form__forgot-password" class="font-sans text-md font-bold link leading-regular sign-in-form__forgot-password--full-width" href="https://in.linkedin.com/uas/request-password-reset?trk=public_profile_sign-in-modal_forgot_password" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_sign-in-modal_forgot_password" data-tracking-will-navigate>Forgot password?</a>  <input name="trk" value="public_profile_sign-in-modal_sign-in-submit" type="hidden"> <button class="btn-md btn-primary flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer sign-in-form__submit-btn--full-width" data-id="sign-in-form__submit-btn" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_sign-in-modal_sign-in-submit-btn" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-litms type="submit"> Sign in </button> </div> <div class="sign-in-form__divider left-right-divider pt-2 pb-3"> <p class="sign-in-form__divider-text font-sans text-sm text-color-text px-2"> or </p> </div> </form> <div class="w-full max-w-[400px] mx-auto"> <div class="google-auth-button" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_sign-in-modal_google-auth-button" data-tracking-client-ingraph> <code id="isTermsAndConditionsSkipEnabledAuthButton" style="display: none"></code> <p class="linkedin-tc__text text-color-text-low-emphasis text-xs pb-2" data-impression-id="public_profile_sign-in-modal__button-skip-tc-text"> By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s <a href="/legal/user-agreement?trk=public_profile_sign-in-modal_auth-button_user-agreement" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_sign-in-modal_auth-button_user-agreement" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">User Agreement</a>, <a href="/legal/privacy-policy?trk=public_profile_sign-in-modal_auth-button_privacy-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_sign-in-modal_auth-button_privacy-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Privacy Policy</a>, and <a href="/legal/cookie-policy?trk=public_profile_sign-in-modal_auth-button_cookie-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_sign-in-modal_auth-button_cookie-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Cookie Policy</a>. </p> <div class="google-auth-button__placeholder google-auth-button__placeholder--black-border" data-theme="outline" data-logo-alignment="center"></div>  </div> </div>  <p class="sign-in-modal__join-now m-auto font-sans text-md text-color-text mt-2"> New to LinkedIn? <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/public-profile-join?vieweeVanityName=arunabhaghosh&trk=public_profile_sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="sign-in-modal__join-link">Join now</a> </p> </div> </div>  </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>    <section class="core-section-container core-section-container--with-border border-b-1 border-solid border-color-border-faint py-4 articles" data-section="articles">  <h2 class="core-section-container__title section-title"> Articles by Arunabha </h2>  <div class="core-section-container__content break-words"> <div class="show-more-less">  <ul data-max-num-to-show="3" class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--hide-after-3" data-impression-id="public_profile_article_view_show-more-less"> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link babybear:py-1 main-article-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/help-global-apollo-programme-make-renewable-energy-cheaper-ghosh" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_article_view" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> Help the Global Apollo Programme make renewable energy cheaper </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[129px] babybear:w-[105px] babybear:h-[59px]"> <img class="h-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E12AQHFwcm_t8NcDw/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/0/1520224125489?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=ToFd3tR5fBPBA8sXRJdw2rnFEtwriviD0fi7XUbjBi0" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full article-card-social-actions"> <div class="body-text text-color-text-low-emphasis base-main-card__metadata mb-0 babybear:mb-0 babybear:-mt-0.5"> <span class="body-text text-color-text-low-emphasis base-main-card__metadata-item babybear:text-xs">Sep 20, 2015</span>  </div> <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden babybear:text-sm"> Help the Global Apollo Programme make renewable energy cheaper </h3>  <p class="base-main-card__description body-text text-color-text -mt-0.5"> Last week I co-signed a letter, along with Sir David Attenborough, Prof. Brian Cox, Prof. </p>  <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs -mt-1"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="18 Reactions" data-separate-ctas="false" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="18" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" data-entity-urn="urn:li:linkedInArticle:6051440729329324032" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 18 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis before:middot my-1" data-separate-ctas="false" data-test-id="social-actions__comments" data-id="social-actions__comments" data-num-comments="3" data-singular="%numComments% Comment" data-plural="%numComments% Comments" data-entity-urn="urn:li:linkedInArticle:6051440729329324032"> 3 Comments </div>  </div> </div>  </div> </li> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link babybear:py-1 main-article-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ceewat5-arunabha-ghosh" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_article_view" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> #CEEWat5 </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[129px] babybear:w-[105px] babybear:h-[59px]"> <img class="h-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E12AQFVaBHKMRZ1cw/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/0/1520159062239?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=QtAUDNz5Z0ovoHTi_3GQNUR8ejNa41HwzV0jYb7Uz_I" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full article-card-social-actions"> <div class="body-text text-color-text-low-emphasis base-main-card__metadata mb-0 babybear:mb-0 babybear:-mt-0.5"> <span class="body-text text-color-text-low-emphasis base-main-card__metadata-item babybear:text-xs">Aug 13, 2015</span>  </div> <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden babybear:text-sm"> #CEEWat5 </h3>  <p class="base-main-card__description body-text text-color-text -mt-0.5"> Five years ago, on 11 August 2010, the Council on Energy, Environment and Water started operations in a single empty… </p>  <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs -mt-1"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="27 Reactions" data-separate-ctas="false" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="27" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" data-entity-urn="urn:li:linkedInArticle:6037655395634335744" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 27 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis before:middot my-1" data-separate-ctas="false" data-test-id="social-actions__comments" data-id="social-actions__comments" data-num-comments="6" data-singular="%numComments% Comment" data-plural="%numComments% Comments" data-entity-urn="urn:li:linkedInArticle:6037655395634335744"> 6 Comments </div>  </div> </div>  </div> </li> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link babybear:py-1 main-article-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/big-push-renewable-energy-india-what-drive-arunabha-ghosh" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_article_view" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> The big push for renewable energy in India: What will drive it? </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[129px] babybear:w-[105px] babybear:h-[59px]"> <img class="h-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E12AQEr1r3FNo7mgw/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/0/1520216719794?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=v1yHZ5EwohKDCgpkA8wV4X4GyBIeJdf52K-APmwxfN0" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full article-card-social-actions"> <div class="body-text text-color-text-low-emphasis base-main-card__metadata mb-0 babybear:mb-0 babybear:-mt-0.5"> <span class="body-text text-color-text-low-emphasis base-main-card__metadata-item babybear:text-xs">Jul 2, 2015</span>  </div> <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden babybear:text-sm"> The big push for renewable energy in India: What will drive it? </h3>  <p class="base-main-card__description body-text text-color-text -mt-0.5"> My latest paper in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists focuses on the drivers of renewable energy in India. Arunabha… </p>  <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs -mt-1"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="262 Reactions" data-separate-ctas="false" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="262" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" data-entity-urn="urn:li:linkedInArticle:6022237583856189440" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 262 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis before:middot my-1" data-separate-ctas="false" data-test-id="social-actions__comments" data-id="social-actions__comments" data-num-comments="15" data-singular="%numComments% Comment" data-plural="%numComments% Comments" data-entity-urn="urn:li:linkedInArticle:6022237583856189440"> 15 Comments </div>  </div> </div>  </div> </li> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link babybear:py-1 main-article-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/chinas-solar-flares-burn-some-arunabha-ghosh" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_article_view" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> China's solar flares burn some </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[129px] babybear:w-[105px] babybear:h-[59px]"> <img class="h-full" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/scds/common/u/img/pic/pic_pulse_stock_article_7.jpg" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full article-card-social-actions"> <div class="body-text text-color-text-low-emphasis base-main-card__metadata mb-0 babybear:mb-0 babybear:-mt-0.5"> <span class="body-text text-color-text-low-emphasis base-main-card__metadata-item babybear:text-xs">Jun 16, 2015</span>  </div> <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden babybear:text-sm"> China's solar flares burn some </h3>  <p class="base-main-card__description body-text text-color-text -mt-0.5"> My latest column, published today in the Business Standard, analyses the stock price collapse of Hanergy, once the… </p>  <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs -mt-1"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="15 Reactions" data-separate-ctas="false" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="15" 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<div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link babybear:py-1 main-article-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/shifts-risks-energy-arunabha-ghosh" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_article_view" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> Shifts and risks in energy </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[129px] babybear:w-[105px] babybear:h-[59px]"> <img class="h-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E12AQFhrXCU56JXLw/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/0/1520155747485?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=DV8ac_8cfY8zd00USxP1sdoYXLHO8tK--LC62vW_cPw" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words 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for="_sign-in-modal_session_key"> Email or phone </label> <div class="text-input flex"> <input class="text-color-text font-sans text-md outline-0 bg-color-transparent grow" autocomplete="username" id="_sign-in-modal_session_key" name="session_key" required data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-session-key" data-tracking-client-ingraph type="text"> </div> </div> <p class="input-helper mt-1.5" for="_sign-in-modal_session_key" role="alert" data-js-module-id="guest-input__message"></p> </div> <div class="mt-1.5" data-js-module-id="guest-input"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <label class="input-label mb-1" for="_sign-in-modal_session_password"> Password </label> <div class="text-input flex"> <input class="text-color-text font-sans text-md outline-0 bg-color-transparent grow" autocomplete="current-password" id="_sign-in-modal_session_password" name="session_password" required data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-password" data-tracking-client-ingraph type="password"> <button aria-live="assertive" aria-relevant="text" data-id="sign-in-form__password-visibility-toggle" class="font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-action z-10 ml-[12px] hover:cursor-pointer" aria-label="Show your LinkedIn password" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-password-visibility-toggle-btn" type="button">Show</button> </div> </div> <p class="input-helper mt-1.5" for="_sign-in-modal_session_password" role="alert" data-js-module-id="guest-input__message"></p> </div> <input name="session_redirect" value="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh" type="hidden">  </div> <div data-id="sign-in-form__footer" class="flex justify-between sign-in-form__footer--full-width"> <a data-id="sign-in-form__forgot-password" class="font-sans text-md font-bold link leading-regular sign-in-form__forgot-password--full-width" href="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/request-password-reset?trk=public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_forgot_password" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_forgot_password" data-tracking-will-navigate>Forgot password?</a>  <input name="trk" value="public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-submit" type="hidden"> <button class="btn-md btn-primary flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer sign-in-form__submit-btn--full-width" data-id="sign-in-form__submit-btn" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-submit-btn" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-litms type="submit"> Sign in </button> </div> <div class="sign-in-form__divider left-right-divider pt-2 pb-3"> <p class="sign-in-form__divider-text font-sans text-sm text-color-text px-2"> or </p> </div> </form> <div class="w-full max-w-[400px] mx-auto"> <div class="google-auth-button" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_google-auth-button" data-tracking-client-ingraph> <code id="isTermsAndConditionsSkipEnabledAuthButton" style="display: none"></code> <p class="linkedin-tc__text text-color-text-low-emphasis text-xs pb-2" data-impression-id="public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal__button-skip-tc-text"> By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s <a href="/legal/user-agreement?trk=public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_user-agreement" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_user-agreement" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">User Agreement</a>, <a href="/legal/privacy-policy?trk=public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_privacy-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_privacy-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Privacy Policy</a>, and <a href="/legal/cookie-policy?trk=public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_cookie-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_cookie-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Cookie Policy</a>. </p> <div class="google-auth-button__placeholder google-auth-button__placeholder--black-border" data-theme="outline" data-logo-alignment="center"></div>  </div> </div>  <p class="sign-in-modal__join-now m-auto font-sans text-md text-color-text mt-2"> New to LinkedIn? <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/public-profile-join?vieweeVanityName=arunabhaghosh&trk=public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="sign-in-modal__join-link">Join now</a> </p> </div> </div>  </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal__divider left-right-divider"> <p class="contextual-sign-in-modal__divider-text font-sans text-sm text-color-text px-2"> or </p> </div> </div> <p class="contextual-sign-in-modal__join-now m-auto font-sans text-md text-color-text my-1"> New to LinkedIn? <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/public-profile-join?vieweeVanityName=arunabhaghosh&trk=public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_follow_contextual-sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="contextual-sign-in-modal__join-link">Join now</a> </p> <p class="linkedin-tc__text text-color-text-low-emphasis text-xs pb-2 contextual-sign-in-modal__terms-and-conditions m-auto w-[320px] pt-2 babybear:w-full" data-impression-id="linkedin-tc__button-skip-tc-text"> By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s <a href="/legal/user-agreement?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_user-agreement" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_user-agreement" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">User Agreement</a>, <a href="/legal/privacy-policy?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_privacy-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_privacy-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Privacy Policy</a>, and <a href="/legal/cookie-policy?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_cookie-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_cookie-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Cookie Policy</a>. </p> </div> </div>  </section> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="core-section-container__content break-words"> <ul data-test-id="activities__list"> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link main-activity-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/council-on-energy-environment-and-water_opinion-airquality-airpollution-activity-7263066945455833089-Y9WC" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> #Opinion | Beyond blame game, time for solutions to stubble burning North India's air quality is worsening, and the Supreme Court has once again… </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[134px] babybear:w-full babybear:h-auto babybear:min-h-[134px] babybear:max-h-[250px]"> <img class="main-activity-card__img h-full " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5622AQGNPg0IraY61g/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/0/1731649346064?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=rjB6bmSs05JxFRdQqpzqpgpE73v7-OQSQBr794WSBYM" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full ">  <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> #Opinion | Beyond blame game, time for solutions to stubble burning North India's air quality is worsening, and the Supreme Court has once again… </h3> <h4 class="base-main-card__subtitle body-text text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Liked by <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh?trk=public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="hidden-nested-link">Arunabha Ghosh</a> </h4>   </div>  </div> </li> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link main-activity-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/global-water-partnership-southern-africa_mindthegap-investinwater-activity-7267559556900126721-LTtX" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> Mr. Alex Simalabwi, CEO of the AIP High-Level Panel Secretariat this morning hosted Hon. Isaac Sello Seitlholo (MP) Seitlholo, South Africa’s Deputy… </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[134px] babybear:w-full babybear:h-auto babybear:min-h-[134px] babybear:max-h-[250px]"> <img class="main-activity-card__img h-full " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E22AQHjKiE87j3tdA/feedshare-shrink_800/feedshare-shrink_800/0/1732721219406?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=18X0HB2nAaZX7Ndz14Lv4-bd_IKZn_vmSw7ZqPP8m1I" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full ">  <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Mr. Alex Simalabwi, CEO of the AIP High-Level Panel Secretariat this morning hosted Hon. Isaac Sello Seitlholo (MP) Seitlholo, South Africa’s Deputy… </h3> <h4 class="base-main-card__subtitle body-text text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Liked by <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh?trk=public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="hidden-nested-link">Arunabha Ghosh</a> </h4>   </div>  </div> </li> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link main-activity-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/aipwater_mindthegap-investinwater-activity-7267552623170322434-Y4sj" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> South Africa’s upcoming G20 presidency marks a pivotal opportunity to prioritize water as a global development imperative. The AIP supports elevating… </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[134px] babybear:w-full babybear:h-auto babybear:min-h-[134px] babybear:max-h-[250px]"> <img class="main-activity-card__img h-full " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5622AQGTS2HXutx8-Q/feedshare-shrink_800/feedshare-shrink_800/0/1732719566407?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=STn9n_SJKGWRI4VXO7LoU1mW54K1XpBoI0SF4CWpOJI" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full ">  <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> South Africa’s upcoming G20 presidency marks a pivotal opportunity to prioritize water as a global development imperative. The AIP supports elevating… </h3> <h4 class="base-main-card__subtitle body-text text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Liked by <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh?trk=public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="hidden-nested-link">Arunabha Ghosh</a> </h4>   </div>  </div> </li> </ul> <a class="btn-md btn-secondary-emphasis mt-3 py-[10px] inline-block min-h-0 babybear:w-full" href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fin%2Elinkedin%2Ecom%2Fin%2Farunabhaghosh%2Frecent-activity%2F&trk=public_profile_see-all-posts" data-test-id="activities__see-more-link" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_see-all-posts" data-tracking-will-navigate> Join now to see all activity </a> </div> </section> <section class="core-section-container core-section-container--with-border border-b-1 border-solid border-color-border-faint py-4 pp-section experience-education">  <h2 class="core-section-container__title section-title"> Experience & Education </h2>  <div class="core-section-container__content break-words"> <div class="blurred-overlay w-screen h-screen relative !w-full !h-full experience-education__list"> <ul class="visible-list"> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1 !pl-0">  <img class="inline-block relative w-6 h-6 shrink-0 mr-0.5 border-4 border-color-transparent border-solid box-content rounded-[6px] profile-section-card__image" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4D0BAQE75kKjC4eWMw/company-logo_100_100-alternative/company-logo_100_100-alternative/0/1630525134050/council_on_energy_environment_and_water_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=UhZl78glVBLOmD-LVZPZlmy6Dj5bsZWr7pFpuKpt32g" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cs8pjfgyw96g44ln9r7tct85f" alt> <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> Council on Energy, Environment and Water </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> <p class="blur" aria-hidden="true"> ***** ********* ******* </p> </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis">  </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="blurred-content blur" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="blurred-list" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1 !pl-0">  <img class="inline-block relative w-6 h-6 shrink-0 mr-0.5 border-4 border-color-transparent border-solid box-content rounded-[6px] profile-section-card__image" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E0BAQGnc4qXLbE8Sg/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1709206435851/oxforduni_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=_C2nM1CRRJK18wXEMXCSZ6Fj_j6cUM_i8oNEdYtyf3g" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cs8pjfgyw96g44ln9r7tct85f" alt> <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> ****** ******** ********** *********, ********** ** ****** </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> <p> ********* </p> </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis">  </div> </div> </li> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1 !pl-0">  <img class="inline-block relative w-6 h-6 shrink-0 mr-0.5 border-4 border-color-transparent border-solid box-content rounded-[6px] profile-section-card__image" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E0BAQFn49uvD0UuuQ/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1728979990894/oxford_smith_school_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=Q0uE_XCkddmptVsEizDjq3QMRjrEQFHY6W76o-rDUug" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cs8pjfgyw96g44ln9r7tct85f" alt> <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> ********** ** ****** ***** ****** ** ********** *** *** *********** </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> <p> ******* ********* </p> </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis">  </div> </div> </li> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1 !pl-0">  <img class="inline-block relative w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background shrink-0 mr-0.5 border-4 border-color-transparent border-solid box-content rounded-[6px] profile-section-card__image" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cs8pjfgyw96g44ln9r7tct85f" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cs8pjfgyw96g44ln9r7tct85f" alt> <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> ******* *******, ********** ** ****** </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> <p> ****** ** ********** ************* ********* </p> </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> <p> <span class="date-range text-color-text-secondary font-sans text-md leading-open font-regular"> <time>2006</time> - <time>2008</time>  </span> </p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1 !pl-0">  <img class="inline-block relative w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background shrink-0 mr-0.5 border-4 border-color-transparent border-solid box-content rounded-[6px] profile-section-card__image" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cs8pjfgyw96g44ln9r7tct85f" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cs8pjfgyw96g44ln9r7tct85f" alt> <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> ******* *******, ********** ** ****** </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> <p> ****** ** ********** ************* ********* </p> </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> <p> <span class="date-range text-color-text-secondary font-sans text-md leading-open font-regular"> <time>2001</time> - <time>2003</time>  </span> </p> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="absolute top-1/2 left-0 right-0 m-auto -translate-y-1/2 container-lined font-sans text-color-text text-center max-w-[600px] w-3/4 pb-3"> <h2 class="blurred_overlay__title font-bold text-lg m-2 mt-3">View Arunabha’s full experience</h2> <h3 class="blurred_overlay__sub_title font-light text-md m-2">See their title, tenure and more.</h3>  <div class="m-auto justify-center babybear:w-11/12 w-[276px]"> <div class="sign-in-modal" data-impression-id="public_profile_sign-in-modal"> <button class="sign-in-modal__outlet-btn cursor-pointer btn-md btn-primary blurred-overlay__sign-in-cta block box-border babybear:btn-secondary-emphasis w-full" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_sign-in-modal_outlet-button" data-modal="blurred-overlay-sign-in-modal">  <span class="inline-block align-middle"> Sign in </span> </button> <div class>  <div 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text-[18px] link-styled link-no-visited-state hover:!text-color-text active:!text-color-text" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-title" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eprnewswire%2Eco%2Ein%2Fnews-releases%2Frailway-minister-suresh-prabhu-launches-book-on-shaping-indias-energy-future-572527611%2Ehtml&urlhash=hRgI&trk=public_profile_publication-title" title="Energizing India: Towards a Resilient and Equitable Energy System" rel="nofollow"> Energizing India: Towards a Resilient and Equitable Energy System </a> </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> <span class="text-color-text-low-emphasis">SAGE</span> <span class="not-first-middot"> <span class="date-range text-color-text-secondary font-sans text-md leading-open font-regular"> <time> 2016 </time> </span> </span> </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> <div class="show-more-less-text"> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--less"> The book focuses on India's energy system as a whole and highlights both the demand and supply sides of the energy system, laying special emphasis on the fuel mix dimension, which most directly affects both energy security and environmental sustainability between now and 2050.  </p>  </div> <div class="mt-2">Other authors</div> <ul class="list-none mt-1"> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <a class="face-pile__url" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication_contributor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/suman-k-bery-20b22a54?trk=public_profile_publication_contributor-image" title="Suman K. Bery"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C5103AQEOHp8w4gtcnw/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1516729781320?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=gIVvlN77ksdM2aoTIyFylhz22Bc_DKIFsdR1JzDLVnU" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Suman K. Bery"> </a> </li> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="RItu Mathur"> </li> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Subrata Basu"> </li> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <a class="face-pile__url" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication_contributor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/karthik-ganesan-b038b010?trk=public_profile_publication_contributor-image" title="Karthik Ganesan"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5603AQE-Ru1zuk8t-A/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1712493700778?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=u9TEWPR3ut-rDmrObVubzo7euy0O_0VR4S0hxhcJvFI" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Karthik Ganesan"> </a> </li> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Rhodri Owen-Jones"> </li> </ul> <a class="rounded-sm min-h-[32px] mt-2 -ml-1 px-1 py-0 btn-md btn-tertiary-emphasis link-no-visited-state inline-flex items-center" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-button" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eprnewswire%2Eco%2Ein%2Fnews-releases%2Frailway-minister-suresh-prabhu-launches-book-on-shaping-indias-energy-future-572527611%2Ehtml&urlhash=hRgI&trk=public_profile_publication-button" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Energizing India: Towards a Resilient and Equitable Energy System"> See publication <img alt class="h-2 w-2 ml-0.5 align-baseline" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/8w0vew433o9nluoruq9k5eqy" data-tracking-will-navigate> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1 personal-project">  <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> <a class="text-color-text text-[18px] link-styled link-no-visited-state hover:!text-color-text active:!text-color-text" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-title" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eroutledge%2Ecom%2FHuman-Development-and-Global-Institutions-Evolution-Impact-Reform%2FPonzio-Ghosh%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9780415483605&urlhash=7iMX&trk=public_profile_publication-title" title="Human Development and Global Institutions: Evolution, Impact, Reform" rel="nofollow"> Human Development and Global Institutions: Evolution, Impact, Reform </a> </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> <span class="text-color-text-low-emphasis">Routledge</span> <span class="not-first-middot"> <span class="date-range text-color-text-secondary font-sans text-md leading-open font-regular"> <time> 2016 </time> </span> </span> </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> <div class="show-more-less-text"> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--less"> This book provides a timely and accessible introduction to the foundational ideas associated with the human development school of thought. It examines its conceptual evolution during the post-colonial era, and discusses how various institutions of the UN system have tried to engage with this issue, both in terms of intellectual and technical advance, and operationally. Showing that human development has had a profound impact on shaping the policy agenda and programming priorities of global… <button class="show-more-less-text__button show-more-less-button show-more-less-text__button--more" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-description_show-more-text-btn" aria-expanded="false"> Show more <icon class="show-more-less-text__button-icon show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> </p> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--more" tabindex="-1"> This book provides a timely and accessible introduction to the foundational ideas associated with the human development school of thought. It examines its conceptual evolution during the post-colonial era, and discusses how various institutions of the UN system have tried to engage with this issue, both in terms of intellectual and technical advance, and operationally. Showing that human development has had a profound impact on shaping the policy agenda and programming priorities of global institutions, it argues that human development has helped to preserve the continued vitality of major multilateral development programs, funds, and agencies.<br><br>It also details how human development faces new risks and threats, caused by political, economic, social, and environmental forces which are highlighted in a series of engaging case studies on trade, water, energy, the environment, democracy, human rights, and peacebuilding. The book also makes the case for why human development remains relevant in an increasingly globalized world, while asking whether global institutions will be able to sustain political and moral support from their member states and powerful non-state actors. It argues that fresh new perspectives on human development are now urgently needed to fill critical gaps across borders and entire regions. A positive, forward-looking agenda for the future of global governance would have to engage with new issues such as the Sustainable Development Goals, energy transitions, resource scarcity, and expansion of democratic governance within and between nations.<br><br>Redefining the overall nature and specific characteristics of what constitutes human progress in an increasingly integrated and interdependent world, this book serves as a primer for scholars and graduate students of international relations and development. It is also relevant to scholars of economics, political science, history, sociology, and women’s studies. <button class="show-more-less-text__button show-more-less-button show-more-less-text__button--less" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-description_show-less-text-btn" aria-expanded="true"> Show less <icon class="show-more-less-text__button-icon show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> </p> </div> <div class="mt-2">Other authors</div> <ul class="list-none mt-1"> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <a class="face-pile__url" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication_contributor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/richard-ponzio-991747a0?trk=public_profile_publication_contributor-image" title="Richard Ponzio"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Richard Ponzio"> </a> </li> </ul> <a class="rounded-sm min-h-[32px] mt-2 -ml-1 px-1 py-0 btn-md btn-tertiary-emphasis link-no-visited-state inline-flex items-center" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-button" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eroutledge%2Ecom%2FHuman-Development-and-Global-Institutions-Evolution-Impact-Reform%2FPonzio-Ghosh%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9780415483605&urlhash=7iMX&trk=public_profile_publication-button" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Human Development and Global Institutions: Evolution, Impact, Reform"> See publication <img alt class="h-2 w-2 ml-0.5 align-baseline" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/8w0vew433o9nluoruq9k5eqy" data-tracking-will-navigate> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1 personal-project">  <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> <a class="text-color-text text-[18px] link-styled link-no-visited-state hover:!text-color-text active:!text-color-text" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-title" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Epalgrave%2Ecom%2Fus%2Fbook%2F9781137556301&urlhash=NbsI&trk=public_profile_publication-title" title="The Palgrave Handbook of the International Political Economy of Energy" rel="nofollow"> The Palgrave Handbook of the International Political Economy of Energy </a> </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> <span class="text-color-text-low-emphasis">Palgrave</span> <span class="not-first-middot"> <span class="date-range text-color-text-secondary font-sans text-md leading-open font-regular"> <time> 2016 </time> </span> </span> </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> <div class="show-more-less-text"> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--less"> This Handbook is the first volume to analyse the International Political Economy, the who-gets-what-when-and-how, of global energy. Divided into five sections, it features 28 contributions that deal with energy institutions, trade, transitions, conflict and justice. The chapters span a wide range of energy technologies and markets - including oil and gas, biofuels, carbon capture and storage, nuclear, and electricity - and it cuts across the domestic-international divide. Long-standing issues… <button class="show-more-less-text__button show-more-less-button show-more-less-text__button--more" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-description_show-more-text-btn" aria-expanded="false"> Show more <icon class="show-more-less-text__button-icon show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> </p> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--more" tabindex="-1"> This Handbook is the first volume to analyse the International Political Economy, the who-gets-what-when-and-how, of global energy. Divided into five sections, it features 28 contributions that deal with energy institutions, trade, transitions, conflict and justice. The chapters span a wide range of energy technologies and markets - including oil and gas, biofuels, carbon capture and storage, nuclear, and electricity - and it cuts across the domestic-international divide. Long-standing issues in the IPE of energy such as the role of OPEC and the ‘resource curse’ are combined with emerging issues such as fossil fuel subsidies and carbon markets. IPE perspectives are interwoven with insights from studies on governance, transitions, security, and political ecology. The Handbook serves as a potent reminder that energy systems are as inherently political and economic as they are technical or technological, and demonstrates that the field of IPE has much to offer to studies of the changing world of energy. <button class="show-more-less-text__button show-more-less-button show-more-less-text__button--less" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-description_show-less-text-btn" aria-expanded="true"> Show less <icon class="show-more-less-text__button-icon show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> </p> </div> <div class="mt-2">Other authors</div> <ul class="list-none mt-1"> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <a class="face-pile__url" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication_contributor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://be.linkedin.com/in/thijs-van-de-graaf-a2b5602?trk=public_profile_publication_contributor-image" title="Thijs Van de Graaf"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Thijs Van de Graaf"> </a> </li> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Benjamin K. Sovacool"> </li> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Florian Kern"> </li> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Michael T. Klare"> </li> </ul> <a class="rounded-sm min-h-[32px] mt-2 -ml-1 px-1 py-0 btn-md btn-tertiary-emphasis link-no-visited-state inline-flex items-center" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-button" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Epalgrave%2Ecom%2Fus%2Fbook%2F9781137556301&urlhash=NbsI&trk=public_profile_publication-button" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="The Palgrave Handbook of the International Political Economy of Energy"> See publication <img alt class="h-2 w-2 ml-0.5 align-baseline" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/8w0vew433o9nluoruq9k5eqy" data-tracking-will-navigate> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1 personal-project">  <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> <a class="text-color-text text-[18px] link-styled link-no-visited-state hover:!text-color-text active:!text-color-text" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-title" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ecsap%2Ecam%2Eac%2Euk%2Fprojects%2Fclimate-change-risk-assessment%2F&urlhash=LPYQ&trk=public_profile_publication-title" title="Climate Change: A Risk Assessment" rel="nofollow"> Climate Change: A Risk Assessment </a> </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> <span class="text-color-text-low-emphasis">Foreign and Commonwealth Office</span> <span class="not-first-middot"> <span class="date-range text-color-text-secondary font-sans text-md leading-open font-regular"> <time> Jul 2015 </time> </span> </span> </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> <div class="show-more-less-text"> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--less"> We know that climate change is a problem – but how big a problem is it? We have to answer this question before we can make a good decision about how much effort to put into dealing with it.<br><br>This report argues that the risks of climate change should be assessed in the same way as risks to national security, financial stability, or public health. That means we should concentrate especially on understanding what is the worst that could happen, and how likely that might be.<br><br>The report… <button class="show-more-less-text__button show-more-less-button show-more-less-text__button--more" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-description_show-more-text-btn" aria-expanded="false"> Show more <icon class="show-more-less-text__button-icon show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> </p> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--more" tabindex="-1"> We know that climate change is a problem – but how big a problem is it? We have to answer this question before we can make a good decision about how much effort to put into dealing with it.<br><br>This report argues that the risks of climate change should be assessed in the same way as risks to national security, financial stability, or public health. That means we should concentrate especially on understanding what is the worst that could happen, and how likely that might be.<br><br>The report presents a climate change risk assessment that aims to be holistic, and to be useful to anyone who is interested in understanding the overall scale of the problem. It considers:<br><br>What we are doing to the climate: the future trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions;<br>How the climate may change, and what that could do to us – the ‘direct risks’ arising from the climate’s response to emissions;<br>What, in the context of a changing climate, we might do to each other – the ‘systemic risks’ arising from the interaction of climate change with systems of trade, governance and security;<br>How to value the risks; and<br>How to reduce the risks – the elements of a proportionate response. <button class="show-more-less-text__button show-more-less-button show-more-less-text__button--less" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-description_show-less-text-btn" aria-expanded="true"> Show less <icon class="show-more-less-text__button-icon show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> </p> </div> <div class="mt-2">Other authors</div> <ul class="list-none mt-1"> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="David King"> </li> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Daniel Schrag"> </li> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Zhou Dadi"> </li> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Qi Ye"> </li> </ul> <a class="rounded-sm min-h-[32px] mt-2 -ml-1 px-1 py-0 btn-md btn-tertiary-emphasis link-no-visited-state inline-flex items-center" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-button" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ecsap%2Ecam%2Eac%2Euk%2Fprojects%2Fclimate-change-risk-assessment%2F&urlhash=LPYQ&trk=public_profile_publication-button" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Climate Change: A Risk Assessment"> See publication <img alt class="h-2 w-2 ml-0.5 align-baseline" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/8w0vew433o9nluoruq9k5eqy" data-tracking-will-navigate> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1 personal-project">  <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> <a class="text-color-text text-[18px] link-styled link-no-visited-state hover:!text-color-text active:!text-color-text" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-title" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fthebulletin%2Eorg%2F2015%2Fjuly%2Fbig-push-renewable-energy-india-what-will-drive-it8455&urlhash=HmCH&trk=public_profile_publication-title" title="The big push for renewable energy in India: What will drive it?" rel="nofollow"> The big push for renewable energy in India: What will drive it? </a> </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> <span class="text-color-text-low-emphasis">The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</span> <span class="not-first-middot"> <span class="date-range text-color-text-secondary font-sans text-md leading-open font-regular"> <time> July 1, 2015 </time> </span> </span> </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> <div class="show-more-less-text"> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--less"> ndia’s government has a bold goal for deploying renewable energy: 175 gigawatts of electricity-generating capacity by 2022, including 100 gigawatts of solar power. The country has a history of promoting renewable energy and a rapidly growing portfolio of solar and wind projects, but meeting the solar target alone will require a growth rate equivalent to doubling India’s installed solar capacity every 18 months. It will also require a clear understanding of the three factors that drive energy… <button class="show-more-less-text__button show-more-less-button show-more-less-text__button--more" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-description_show-more-text-btn" aria-expanded="false"> Show more <icon class="show-more-less-text__button-icon show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> </p> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--more" tabindex="-1"> ndia’s government has a bold goal for deploying renewable energy: 175 gigawatts of electricity-generating capacity by 2022, including 100 gigawatts of solar power. The country has a history of promoting renewable energy and a rapidly growing portfolio of solar and wind projects, but meeting the solar target alone will require a growth rate equivalent to doubling India’s installed solar capacity every 18 months. It will also require a clear understanding of the three factors that drive energy demand in India (access, security, and efficiency); new federal and state policies and incentives; innovative financing for capital investments estimated at $100 billion or more; and additional funding for manufacturing, training, and job creation. Project developers will have to grapple with the cost and availability of land, grid connections, and backup power. To meet the electricity needs of the poor and encourage rural entrepreneurship, India’s energy policies should aim for a mix of grid-connected and decentralized renewable energy sources. <button class="show-more-less-text__button show-more-less-button show-more-less-text__button--less" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-description_show-less-text-btn" aria-expanded="true"> Show less <icon class="show-more-less-text__button-icon show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> </p> </div>  <a class="rounded-sm min-h-[32px] mt-2 -ml-1 px-1 py-0 btn-md btn-tertiary-emphasis link-no-visited-state inline-flex items-center" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-button" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fthebulletin%2Eorg%2F2015%2Fjuly%2Fbig-push-renewable-energy-india-what-will-drive-it8455&urlhash=HmCH&trk=public_profile_publication-button" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="The big push for renewable energy in India: What will drive it?"> See publication <img alt class="h-2 w-2 ml-0.5 align-baseline" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/8w0vew433o9nluoruq9k5eqy" data-tracking-will-navigate> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1 personal-project">  <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> <a class="text-color-text text-[18px] link-styled link-no-visited-state hover:!text-color-text active:!text-color-text" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-title" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Enature%2Ecom%2Fnews%2Fpolicy-rethink-india-s-energy-strategy-1%2E17508&urlhash=K2wG&trk=public_profile_publication-title" title="Rethink India's energy strategy" rel="nofollow"> Rethink India's energy strategy </a> </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> <span class="text-color-text-low-emphasis">Nature</span> <span class="not-first-middot"> <span class="date-range text-color-text-secondary font-sans text-md leading-open font-regular"> <time> May 13, 2015 </time> </span> </span> </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> <div class="show-more-less-text"> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--less"> Selected as one of 2015's ten most influential comment pieces in Nature, this essay argues that India's energy priorities should be reframed as follows: to cater to the different energy demands of citizens of various economic strata; to direct energy subsidies to benefit the poor; and to promote low-carbon industry.  </p>  </div> <div class="mt-2">Other authors</div> <ul class="list-none mt-1"> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <a class="face-pile__url" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication_contributor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/karthik-ganesan-b038b010?trk=public_profile_publication_contributor-image" title="Karthik Ganesan"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5603AQE-Ru1zuk8t-A/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1712493700778?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=u9TEWPR3ut-rDmrObVubzo7euy0O_0VR4S0hxhcJvFI" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Karthik Ganesan"> </a> </li> </ul> <a class="rounded-sm min-h-[32px] mt-2 -ml-1 px-1 py-0 btn-md btn-tertiary-emphasis link-no-visited-state inline-flex items-center" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-button" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Enature%2Ecom%2Fnews%2Fpolicy-rethink-india-s-energy-strategy-1%2E17508&urlhash=K2wG&trk=public_profile_publication-button" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Rethink India's energy strategy"> See publication <img alt class="h-2 w-2 ml-0.5 align-baseline" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/8w0vew433o9nluoruq9k5eqy" data-tracking-will-navigate> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1 personal-project">  <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> <a class="text-color-text text-[18px] link-styled link-no-visited-state hover:!text-color-text active:!text-color-text" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-title" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fceew%2Ein%2Fpublication_detail%2Ephp%3Fid%3D119&urlhash=I58H&trk=public_profile_publication-title" title="National Water Resources Framework Study" rel="nofollow"> National Water Resources Framework Study </a> </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> <span class="text-color-text-low-emphasis">Council on Energy, Environment and Water</span> <span class="not-first-middot"> <span class="date-range text-color-text-secondary font-sans text-md leading-open font-regular"> <time> Sep 2011 </time> </span> </span> </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> <div class="show-more-less-text"> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--less"> This 584-page study was the most comprehensive document prepared on India's water challenges and reforms in preparation for the 12th Five Year Plan. It covers, among others, participatory irrigation management, groundwater management, infrastructure investment and asset management, urban water reforms, legal and regulatory reforms, sanitation, data collection, capacity development, and the case for a National Water Commission.  </p>  </div> <div class="mt-2">Other authors</div> <ul class="list-none mt-1"> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Martin A. Burton"> </li> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <a class="face-pile__url" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication_contributor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/rahul-sen-b1337618?trk=public_profile_publication_contributor-image" title="Rahul Sen"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Rahul Sen"> </a> </li> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <a class="face-pile__url" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication_contributor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://uk.linkedin.com/in/simon-gordon-walker-2286bb6?trk=public_profile_publication_contributor-image" title="Simon Gordon-Walker"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E03AQFm2ujgrQ-z8w/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1517694780815?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=_nPevuMIKcvt5sCGzoOkqmskz3Da02pMompzXKmDuAo" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Simon Gordon-Walker"> </a> </li> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <a class="face-pile__url" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication_contributor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/anand-k-jalakam-805a153?trk=public_profile_publication_contributor-image" title="Anand K Jalakam"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C5103AQFgiZgClgBwXw/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1540685654160?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=1tVvGRJIkBxDlSsURP5aRjBoD1xFjOiFXMDbqFjwBxk" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Anand K Jalakam"> </a> </li> </ul> <a class="rounded-sm min-h-[32px] mt-2 -ml-1 px-1 py-0 btn-md btn-tertiary-emphasis link-no-visited-state inline-flex items-center" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-button" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fceew%2Ein%2Fpublication_detail%2Ephp%3Fid%3D119&urlhash=I58H&trk=public_profile_publication-button" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="National Water Resources Framework Study"> See publication <img alt class="h-2 w-2 ml-0.5 align-baseline" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/8w0vew433o9nluoruq9k5eqy" data-tracking-will-navigate> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1 personal-project">  <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> <a class="text-color-text text-[18px] link-styled link-no-visited-state hover:!text-color-text active:!text-color-text" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-title" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eundp%2Eorg%2Fcontent%2Fundp%2Fen%2Fhome%2Flibrarypage%2Fhdr%2Fhuman-development-report-2006%2Ehtml&urlhash=6DSW&trk=public_profile_publication-title" title="Human Development Report 2006 - Beyond Scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis" rel="nofollow"> Human Development Report 2006 - Beyond Scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis </a> </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> <span class="text-color-text-low-emphasis">Palgrave</span> <span class="not-first-middot"> <span class="date-range text-color-text-secondary font-sans text-md leading-open font-regular"> <time> Sep 2006 </time> </span> </span> </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> <div class="show-more-less-text"> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--less"> Throughout history water has confronted humanity with some of its greatest challenges. Water is a source of life and a natural resource that sustains our environments and supports livelihoods – but it is also a source of risk and vulnerability. In the early 21st Century, prospects for human development are threatened by a deepening global water crisis. Debunking the myth that the crisis is the result of scarcity, this report argues poverty, power and inequality are at the heart of the… <button class="show-more-less-text__button show-more-less-button show-more-less-text__button--more" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-description_show-more-text-btn" aria-expanded="false"> Show more <icon class="show-more-less-text__button-icon show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> </p> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--more" tabindex="-1"> Throughout history water has confronted humanity with some of its greatest challenges. Water is a source of life and a natural resource that sustains our environments and supports livelihoods – but it is also a source of risk and vulnerability. In the early 21st Century, prospects for human development are threatened by a deepening global water crisis. Debunking the myth that the crisis is the result of scarcity, this report argues poverty, power and inequality are at the heart of the problem.<br><br>In a world of unprecedented wealth, almost 2 million children die each year for want of a glass of clean water and adequate sanitation. Millions of women and young girls are forced to spend hours collecting and carrying water, restricting their opportunities and their choices. And water-borne infectious diseases are holding back poverty reduction and economic growth in some of the world’s poorest countries.<br><br>Beyond the household, competition for water as a productive resource is intensifying. Symptoms of that competition include the collapse of water-based ecological systems, declining river flows and large-scale groundwater depletion. Conflicts over water are intensifying within countries, with the rural poor losing out. The potential for tensions between countries is also growing, though there are large potential human development gains from increased cooperation. <button class="show-more-less-text__button show-more-less-button show-more-less-text__button--less" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-description_show-less-text-btn" aria-expanded="true"> Show less <icon class="show-more-less-text__button-icon show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> </p> </div> <div class="mt-2">Other authors</div> <ul class="list-none mt-1"> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Kevin Watkins"> </li> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <a class="face-pile__url" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication_contributor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ricardo-fuentes-nieva-a06162?trk=public_profile_publication_contributor-image" title="Ricardo Fuentes-Nieva"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C5603AQEy0aiQ4FMokA/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1585774394729?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=wjySuhknOrFA7R3iQLqOHzhctW4snAPeqYb9-IbOx10" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Ricardo Fuentes-Nieva"> </a> </li> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Cecilia Ugaz"> </li> </ul> <a class="rounded-sm min-h-[32px] mt-2 -ml-1 px-1 py-0 btn-md btn-tertiary-emphasis link-no-visited-state inline-flex items-center" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-button" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eundp%2Eorg%2Fcontent%2Fundp%2Fen%2Fhome%2Flibrarypage%2Fhdr%2Fhuman-development-report-2006%2Ehtml&urlhash=6DSW&trk=public_profile_publication-button" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Human Development Report 2006 - Beyond Scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis"> See publication <img alt class="h-2 w-2 ml-0.5 align-baseline" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/8w0vew433o9nluoruq9k5eqy" data-tracking-will-navigate> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1 personal-project">  <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> <a class="text-color-text text-[18px] link-styled link-no-visited-state hover:!text-color-text active:!text-color-text" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-title" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr%2Eundp%2Eorg%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fhuman-development-report-2005&urlhash=4oG-&trk=public_profile_publication-title" title="Human Development Report 2005 - International cooperation at a crossroads: Aid, trade and security in an unequal world" rel="nofollow"> Human Development Report 2005 - International cooperation at a crossroads: Aid, trade and security in an unequal world </a> </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> <span class="text-color-text-low-emphasis">Oxford University Press</span> <span class="not-first-middot"> <span class="date-range text-color-text-secondary font-sans text-md leading-open font-regular"> <time> Aug 2005 </time> </span> </span> </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> <div class="show-more-less-text"> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--less"> This 2005 Human Development Report takes stock of human development, including progress towards the MDGs. Looking beyond statistics; it highlights the human costs of missed targets and broken promises. Extreme inequality between countries and within countries is identified as one of the main barriers to human development—and as a powerful brake on accelerated progress towards the MDGs.<br><br>The report suggests that the world’s governments are faced with a choice. They can start a decade for… <button class="show-more-less-text__button show-more-less-button show-more-less-text__button--more" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-description_show-more-text-btn" aria-expanded="false"> Show more <icon class="show-more-less-text__button-icon show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> </p> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--more" tabindex="-1"> This 2005 Human Development Report takes stock of human development, including progress towards the MDGs. Looking beyond statistics; it highlights the human costs of missed targets and broken promises. Extreme inequality between countries and within countries is identified as one of the main barriers to human development—and as a powerful brake on accelerated progress towards the MDGs.<br><br>The report suggests that the world’s governments are faced with a choice. They can start a decade for development with the financial resources, technology and capacity to end poverty or we could have a human development failure. “Business as usual” will not allow fulfilling the promises and the commitments made in 2000. The cost of this failure will be measured in human lives, increased inequalities, violations of human rights and threats to peace.<br><br>International aid, one of the most effective weapons in the war against poverty, needs to be renovated and reshaped. It should be thought as an investment as well as a moral imperative. In this respect, three conditions for effective aid are:<br><br>sufficient quantity;<br>better quality (delivered on a predictable value for money basis,with low transaction cost); and<br>country ownership.<br>Failure in any one area undermines the foundations for future progress.<br><br>The 2005 Report presents:<br><br>A comprehensive overview of international development assistance, looking at both its quality and quantity;<br>A critical review of progress in the “Doha Development Round” of trade negotiations, highlighting how unfair trade rules reinforce inequality; and<br>Evidence of the human development costs of violent conflict, and a review of strategies for conflict prevention. <button class="show-more-less-text__button show-more-less-button show-more-less-text__button--less" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-description_show-less-text-btn" aria-expanded="true"> Show less <icon class="show-more-less-text__button-icon show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> </p> </div> <div class="mt-2">Other authors</div> <ul class="list-none mt-1"> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Kevin Watkins"> </li> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <a class="face-pile__url" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication_contributor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ricardo-fuentes-nieva-a06162?trk=public_profile_publication_contributor-image" title="Ricardo Fuentes-Nieva"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C5603AQEy0aiQ4FMokA/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1585774394729?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=wjySuhknOrFA7R3iQLqOHzhctW4snAPeqYb9-IbOx10" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Ricardo Fuentes-Nieva"> </a> </li> </ul> <a class="rounded-sm min-h-[32px] mt-2 -ml-1 px-1 py-0 btn-md btn-tertiary-emphasis link-no-visited-state inline-flex items-center" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-button" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr%2Eundp%2Eorg%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fhuman-development-report-2005&urlhash=4oG-&trk=public_profile_publication-button" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Human Development Report 2005 - International cooperation at a crossroads: Aid, trade and security in an unequal world"> See publication <img alt class="h-2 w-2 ml-0.5 align-baseline" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/8w0vew433o9nluoruq9k5eqy" data-tracking-will-navigate> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1 personal-project">  <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> <a class="text-color-text text-[18px] link-styled link-no-visited-state hover:!text-color-text active:!text-color-text" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-title" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr%2Eundp%2Eorg%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fhuman-development-report-2004&urlhash=4H1D&trk=public_profile_publication-title" title="Human Development Report 2004 - Cultural Liberty in Today’s Diverse World" rel="nofollow"> Human Development Report 2004 - Cultural Liberty in Today’s Diverse World </a> </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> <span class="text-color-text-low-emphasis">Oxford University Press</span> <span class="not-first-middot"> <span class="date-range text-color-text-secondary font-sans text-md leading-open font-regular"> <time> Jul 2004 </time> </span> </span> </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> <div class="show-more-less-text"> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--less"> Accommodating people’s growing demands for their inclusion in society, for respect of their ethnicity, religion, and language, takes more than democracy and equitable growth. Also needed are multicultural policies that recognize differences, champion diversity and promote cultural freedoms, so that all people can choose to speak their language, practice their religion, and participate in shaping their culture—so that all people can choose to be who they are.<br><br>The 2004 Report carefully… <button class="show-more-less-text__button show-more-less-button show-more-less-text__button--more" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-description_show-more-text-btn" aria-expanded="false"> Show more <icon class="show-more-less-text__button-icon show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> </p> <p class="show-more-less-text__text--more" tabindex="-1"> Accommodating people’s growing demands for their inclusion in society, for respect of their ethnicity, religion, and language, takes more than democracy and equitable growth. Also needed are multicultural policies that recognize differences, champion diversity and promote cultural freedoms, so that all people can choose to speak their language, practice their religion, and participate in shaping their culture—so that all people can choose to be who they are.<br><br>The 2004 Report carefully examines—and rejects—claims that cultural differences necessarily lead to social, economic and political conflict or that inherent cultural rights should supersede political and economic ones.<br><br>The Report makes a case for respecting diversity and building more inclusive societies by adopting policies that explicitly recognize cultural differences:<br><br>Cultural liberty is a vital part of human development because being able to choose one’s identity is important in leading a full life;<br>Cultural liberty allows people to live the lives they value without being excluded from other choices important to them such as education, health or job opportunities;<br>Several emerging models of multicultural democracy provide effective mechanisms for power sharing between culturally diverse groups;<br>Power sharing arrangements have broadly proven to be critical in resolving tensions; and<br>Multicultural policies that recognize differences between groups are needed to address injustices historically rooted and socially entrenched. <button class="show-more-less-text__button show-more-less-button show-more-less-text__button--less" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-description_show-less-text-btn" aria-expanded="true"> Show less <icon class="show-more-less-text__button-icon show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> </p> </div> <div class="mt-2">Other authors</div> <ul class="list-none mt-1"> <li class="align-top inline-block mr-1"> <a class="face-pile__url" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication_contributor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/sakiko-fukuda-parr-1926352a?trk=public_profile_publication_contributor-image" title="Sakiko Fukuda-Parr"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 mt-1" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E03AQEr99j5-yjjWQ/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1547332261777?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=vws5t3h6WU1GpdNROn257yKjbKZpd8rXZyy4IwMA_pw" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Sakiko Fukuda-Parr"> </a> </li> </ul> <a class="rounded-sm min-h-[32px] mt-2 -ml-1 px-1 py-0 btn-md btn-tertiary-emphasis link-no-visited-state inline-flex items-center" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_publication-button" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr%2Eundp%2Eorg%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fhuman-development-report-2004&urlhash=4H1D&trk=public_profile_publication-button" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Human Development Report 2004 - Cultural Liberty in Today’s Diverse World"> See publication <img alt class="h-2 w-2 ml-0.5 align-baseline" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/8w0vew433o9nluoruq9k5eqy" data-tracking-will-navigate> </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </section>    <section class="core-section-container core-section-container--with-border border-b-1 border-solid border-color-border-faint py-4 honors-and-awards" data-section="honors-and-awards">  <h2 class="core-section-container__title section-title"> Honors & Awards </h2>  <div class="core-section-container__content break-words"> <ul class="awards__list"> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1">  <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> Personnalité d'avenir </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> Government of the Republic of France </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> <span class="date-range text-color-text-secondary font-sans text-md leading-open font-regular"> <time> Sep 2015 </time> </span>  </div> </div> </li> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1">  <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> World Economic Forum Young Global Leader </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0">-</h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> <span class="date-range text-color-text-secondary font-sans text-md leading-open font-regular"> <time> Mar 2013 </time> </span>  </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </section>  <section class="core-section-container core-section-container--with-border border-b-1 border-solid border-color-border-faint py-4 languages" data-section="languages">  <h2 class="core-section-container__title section-title"> Languages </h2>  <div class="core-section-container__content break-words"> <ul> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1">  <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> English </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> Native or bilingual proficiency </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1">  <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> Hindi </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> Native or bilingual proficiency </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1">  <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> Bengali </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> Native or bilingual proficiency </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="profile-section-card relative flex w-full list-none py-1.5 pr-2 pl-1">  <div class="pl-0.5 grow break-words"> <h3 class="[&>*]:mb-0 text-[18px] text-color-text leading-regular group-hover:underline font-semibold"> Spanish </h3> <h4 class="text-color-text text-md [&>*]:mb-0 not-first-middot leading-[1.75]"> Limited working proficiency </h4> <div class="text-color-text-low-emphasis text-md [&>*]:mb-0 [&>*]:text-md [&>*]:text-color-text-low-emphasis"> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </section>  <section class="core-section-container core-section-container--with-border border-b-1 border-solid border-color-border-faint py-4 recommendations" data-section="recommendations">  <h2 class="core-section-container__title section-title"> Recommendations received </h2>  <div class="core-section-container__content break-words"> <ul> <li> <div class="endorsement-card flex flex-col"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/adam-luedtke-80782a4?trk=public_profile_recommendations" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_recommendations" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link endorsement-card__entity">  <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Click here to view Adam Luedtke’s profile"> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full ">  <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Adam Luedtke  </h3>   <div class="body-text text-color-text-low-emphasis base-main-card__metadata"> <p class="endorsement-card__content body-text text-color-text-low-emphasis"> “Arunabha Ghosh was one of the most active and engaged research fellows at Princeton University's Niehaus Center for Globalization and Governance during 2009-2010. I was consistently impressed with Arunabha's participation in a wide range of activities at the Woodrow Wilson School and elsewhere around Princeton. Although his cohort of Global Leaders Fellows were recruited as policy practitioners, and thus had little incentive to participate in the more purely academic side of things, Arunabha displayed a consistent interest in the incredible array of intellectual and scholarly talks and events at Princeton, as well as the social life of the Center. All this was despite a grueling travel schedule and a very busy professional life. I would easily recommend Arunabha for any policy, academic or government position. His background and expertise on climate change, international politics and global governance are second to none. Perhaps more importantly, he is also an affable colleague who is generous with his time and attention.” </p> </div>  </div>  </a> </div> </li> </ul> <div> <p class="my-2 text-color-text-low-emphasis" data-test-id="recommendations__recommenders"> 1 person has recommended Arunabha </p> <a class="btn-md btn-secondary-emphasis inline-block" href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/public-profile-join?vieweeVanityName=arunabhaghosh&trk=public_profile_recommendations" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_recommendations" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-id="recommendations-cta"> Join now to view </a> </div> </div> </section> <section class="core-section-container core-section-container--with-border border-b-1 border-solid border-color-border-faint py-4 activities" data-nosnippet="true" data-section="posts">  <div class="flex justify-between"> <h2 class="core-section-container__title section-title"> More activity by Arunabha </h2>  </div>   <div class="core-section-container__content break-words"> <ul data-test-id="activities__list"> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link main-activity-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/alex-simalabwi-69501756_exciting-times-ahead-for-water-thank-you-activity-7267580147728285697-6lVD" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> Exciting times ahead for water! Thank you Hon Isaac Sello Seitlholo (MP) South Africa Deputy Minister for Water and Sanitation & Arunabha Ghosh CEO… </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[134px] babybear:w-full babybear:h-auto babybear:min-h-[134px] babybear:max-h-[250px]"> <img class="main-activity-card__img h-full main-activity-card__img--ghost" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/53n89ecoxpr1qrki1do3alazb" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full ">  <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Exciting times ahead for water! Thank you Hon Isaac Sello Seitlholo (MP) South Africa Deputy Minister for Water and Sanitation & Arunabha Ghosh CEO… </h3> <h4 class="base-main-card__subtitle body-text text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Liked by <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh?trk=public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="hidden-nested-link">Arunabha Ghosh</a> </h4>   </div>  </div> </li> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link main-activity-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/our-future-agenda_get-excited-the-final-united-nations-activity-7267585574528598016-_yVQ" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> 🚀 Get Excited! The Final United Nations Foundation Engine Room Pitstop 4 is Almost Here! Meet Our Speakers 🌍✨ We’ve gathered an incredible… </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[134px] babybear:w-full babybear:h-auto babybear:min-h-[134px] babybear:max-h-[250px]"> <img class="main-activity-card__img h-full " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E22AQFUCKZAulxsZg/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/0/1732727423867?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=W_9NcR6gN42S4uUcdDbjjAlqizujKMKXf4WGVwLq9YI" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full ">  <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> 🚀 Get Excited! The Final United Nations Foundation Engine Room Pitstop 4 is Almost Here! Meet Our Speakers 🌍✨ We’ve gathered an incredible… </h3> <h4 class="base-main-card__subtitle body-text text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Liked by <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh?trk=public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="hidden-nested-link">Arunabha Ghosh</a> </h4>   </div>  </div> </li> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link main-activity-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/kanika-pal-4130836_india-hul-sustainability-activity-7262531095970127872-4MzD" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> I have always been fascinated by what makes any brand sustainable - in other words the sustainability of brands in action. Recently got the… </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[134px] babybear:w-full babybear:h-auto babybear:min-h-[134px] babybear:max-h-[250px]"> <img class="main-activity-card__img h-full " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D22AQH5DPyOa5HCYw/feedshare-shrink_800/feedshare-shrink_800/0/1731522339970?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=hw6mPWOwfTJUfuXxgqCBCasOx8W6M2ARMkTdW8qIP48" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full ">  <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> I have always been fascinated by what makes any brand sustainable - in other words the sustainability of brands in action. Recently got the… </h3> <h4 class="base-main-card__subtitle body-text text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Liked by <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh?trk=public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="hidden-nested-link">Arunabha Ghosh</a> </h4>   </div>  </div> </li> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link main-activity-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/arunabhaghosh_cop29-climatefinance-sustainablefinance-activity-7267185741657456641-g-17" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> In Baku #COP29 has upended “polluter pays” with a perverse principle of “I pollute, you pay.” As Mahatma Gandhi said in a different context more… </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[134px] babybear:w-full babybear:h-auto babybear:min-h-[134px] babybear:max-h-[250px]"> <img class="main-activity-card__img h-full main-activity-card__img--ghost" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/53n89ecoxpr1qrki1do3alazb" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full ">  <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> In Baku #COP29 has upended “polluter pays” with a perverse principle of “I pollute, you pay.” As Mahatma Gandhi said in a different context more… </h3> <h4 class="base-main-card__subtitle body-text text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Shared by <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh?trk=public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="hidden-nested-link">Arunabha Ghosh</a> </h4>   </div>  </div> </li> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link main-activity-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/dossiya-dakou-_baku-coy19-cop29-activity-7267111387674427392-Pe5S" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> 💎 |English| 💎 📢 ✨ MY STAY IN BAKU IN NUMBERS 🌍 My 16-day journey in Baku, participating in COY19 and COP29, was a transformative experience… </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[134px] babybear:w-full babybear:h-auto babybear:min-h-[134px] babybear:max-h-[250px]"> <img class="main-activity-card__img h-full " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E22AQFwgXt3zmIkHw/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/0/1732614365172?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=oH81Y4NknMC5K0rhsaFdLNUvgZuxZpCmxKJLzHLzkNE" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full ">  <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> 💎 |English| 💎 📢 ✨ MY STAY IN BAKU IN NUMBERS 🌍 My 16-day journey in Baku, participating in COY19 and COP29, was a transformative experience… </h3> <h4 class="base-main-card__subtitle body-text text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Liked by <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh?trk=public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="hidden-nested-link">Arunabha Ghosh</a> </h4>   </div>  </div> </li> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link main-activity-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/joe-morrisroe-90a90965_i-really-enjoyed-participating-in-this-event-activity-7265045093345017857-T_3p" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> I really enjoyed participating in this event hosted by the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) at COP29 on how the transition to clean… </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[134px] babybear:w-full babybear:h-auto babybear:min-h-[134px] babybear:max-h-[250px]"> <img class="main-activity-card__img h-full main-activity-card__img--ghost" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/53n89ecoxpr1qrki1do3alazb" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full ">  <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> I really enjoyed participating in this event hosted by the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) at COP29 on how the transition to clean… </h3> <h4 class="base-main-card__subtitle body-text text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Liked by <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh?trk=public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="hidden-nested-link">Arunabha Ghosh</a> </h4>   </div>  </div> </li> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link main-activity-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/arjun-dutt-42893848_cop29-climatefinance-ncqg-activity-7267022593876975616-_e0r" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> #COP29 was billed as the 'Finance COP' but turned out to be a COP out on climate finance. In this piece for the Financial Express (India), Arunabha… </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[134px] babybear:w-full babybear:h-auto babybear:min-h-[134px] babybear:max-h-[250px]"> <img class="main-activity-card__img h-full " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E22AQGbgWzqeXG9FQ/feedshare-shrink_800/feedshare-shrink_800/0/1732593199855?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=66NbVCuTQRZWZcBkwKUa_WihlOQG0_3zl1UHEQ5pN7o" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full ">  <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> #COP29 was billed as the 'Finance COP' but turned out to be a COP out on climate finance. In this piece for the Financial Express (India), Arunabha… </h3> <h4 class="base-main-card__subtitle body-text text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Liked by <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh?trk=public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="hidden-nested-link">Arunabha Ghosh</a> </h4>   </div>  </div> </li> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link main-activity-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/janeburston_more-than-a-public-health-crisis-air-pollutions-activity-7266733532364918784-8eB6" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> This is a great report - and was one of the studies we referred to in the Our Common Air report calling for governments to treat clean air as an… </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[134px] babybear:w-full babybear:h-auto babybear:min-h-[134px] babybear:max-h-[250px]"> <img class="main-activity-card__img h-full " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/sync/v2/C4D27AQH8mGbZiFAsvQ/articleshare-shrink_800/articleshare-shrink_800/0/1711550348091?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=hrStdcGJWP4-F9__C8c1rfnk1jhjGZqs-gJrzIPg2RU" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full ">  <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> This is a great report - and was one of the studies we referred to in the Our Common Air report calling for governments to treat clean air as an… </h3> <h4 class="base-main-card__subtitle body-text text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Liked by <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh?trk=public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="hidden-nested-link">Arunabha Ghosh</a> </h4>   </div>  </div> </li> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link main-activity-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/catherine-mckenna_integrity-matters-the-hard-work-is-now-activity-7262733867483107330-xwXQ" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> Attached is my report “Integrity Matters: The Hard Work is Now” delivered to the UNSG António Guterres today at COP 29 in my role as Chair of the UN… </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[134px] babybear:w-full babybear:h-auto babybear:min-h-[134px] babybear:max-h-[250px]"> <img class="main-activity-card__img h-full " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/sync/v2/D4E27AQEYKR5I0612Yw/articleshare-shrink_800/articleshare-shrink_800/0/1731569657335?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=najR28A3EwAdE5LMAXtqYDSXGQezbvoFyB8oMj4Tl-c" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full ">  <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Attached is my report “Integrity Matters: The Hard Work is Now” delivered to the UNSG António Guterres today at COP 29 in my role as Chair of the UN… </h3> <h4 class="base-main-card__subtitle body-text text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Liked by <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh?trk=public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="hidden-nested-link">Arunabha Ghosh</a> </h4>   </div>  </div> </li> <li> <div class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-main-card flex flex-wrap py-2 pr-2 babybear:pr-0 base-main-card--link main-activity-card"> <a class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/smartenergycouncil_our-chief-executive-john-grimes-and-executive-activity-7265501613476241408-R3aJ" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> Our Chief Executive, John Grimes, and Executive General Manager Joanna Kay, will be leading another member's delegation to India next month as part… </span> </a> <div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md h-[134px] babybear:w-full babybear:h-auto babybear:min-h-[134px] babybear:max-h-[250px]"> <img class="main-activity-card__img h-full main-activity-card__img--ghost" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/53n89ecoxpr1qrki1do3alazb" alt>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full ">  <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Our Chief Executive, John Grimes, and Executive General Manager Joanna Kay, will be leading another member's delegation to India next month as part… </h3> <h4 class="base-main-card__subtitle body-text text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Liked by <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh?trk=public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="hidden-nested-link">Arunabha Ghosh</a> </h4>   </div>  </div> </li> </ul>  </div> </section>  <section class="core-section-container my-3 bottom-cta-banner">    <div class="core-section-container__content break-words"> <section class="hidden-summary container-lined p-3 overflow-hidden babybear:p-2" data-impression-id="public_profile_bottom-cta-banner_guest_hidden_summary"> <h2 class="hidden-summary__title text-xl text-color-text overflow-hidden break-words mb-2 leading-regular font-normal"> View Arunabha’s full profile </h2> <ul class="hidden-summary__summary-items"> <li class="hidden-summary__summary-item flex text-md text-color-text font-normal leading-open items-center mb-1.5 last:mb-0"> <div class="hidden-summary__summary-item-icon-container flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 mr-1"> <icon class="hidden-summary__summary-item-icon h-2 w-2 " alt data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/au8rc359lanmyfaah39izyss1"></icon> </div> <span class="hidden-summary__summary-item-text overflow-hidden break-words"> See who you know in common </span> </li> <li class="hidden-summary__summary-item flex text-md text-color-text font-normal leading-open items-center mb-1.5 last:mb-0"> <div class="hidden-summary__summary-item-icon-container flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 mr-1"> <icon class="hidden-summary__summary-item-icon h-2 w-2 " alt data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/bk9h057z1lch588recizysfdc"></icon> </div> <span class="hidden-summary__summary-item-text overflow-hidden break-words"> Get introduced </span> </li> <li class="hidden-summary__summary-item flex text-md text-color-text font-normal leading-open items-center mb-1.5 last:mb-0"> <div class="hidden-summary__summary-item-icon-container flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 mr-1"> <icon class="hidden-summary__summary-item-icon h-2 w-2 " alt data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/engl6kavv3716laqjpfbilqqt"></icon> </div> <span class="hidden-summary__summary-item-text overflow-hidden break-words"> Contact Arunabha directly </span> </li> </ul> <a class="hidden-summary__cta hidden-summary__cta--secondary btn-sm !text-[16px] btn-secondary-emphasis inline-block mt-3 mr-1.5" href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/public-profile-join?vieweeVanityName=arunabhaghosh&trk=public_profile_bottom-cta-banner" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_bottom-cta-banner" data-tracking-will-navigate> Join to view full profile </a> </section> </div> </section> </section> </div> </section> <section class="right-rail papabear:w-right-rail-width papabear:ml-column-gutter mamabear:max-w-[790px] mamabear:px-mobile-container-padding babybear:max-w-[790px] babybear:px-mobile-container-padding">  <section class="aside-section-container mb-4 browsemap" data-nosnippet="true"> <h2 class="aside-section-container__title section-title"> Other similar profiles </h2>  <div class="aside-section-container__content break-words"> <ul class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--no-hidden-elems aside-profiles-list" data-impression-id="public_profile_browsemap_show-more-less"> <li>  <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/chandarprabhasharma?trk=public_profile_browsemap-profile" target="_self" data-impression-id="public_profile_browsemap-0" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_browsemap-profile" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link">   <div class="bg-clip-content bg-contain border-2 border-color-container-neutral-border border-solid box-border h-[56px] rounded-[49.9%] shrink-0 w-[56px] " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C5603AQG0woPFmaYtxQ/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1624338186491?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=XYMu6UmG-7l6mq92DJQ3iA_kPpP5NMR28KHxj-R3cnU" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-delayed-background data-impression-id="public_profile_browsemap-0"></div> <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative"> Chandarprabha Sharma  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words line-clamp-2"> Indian Revenue Service (IRS) (Probationer) AIR 289, UPSC CSE 2023 People | Planet | Public Policy </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> Mumbai </div>  </div>  </a> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/chandarprabhasharma?trk=public_profile_browsemap_browse-map_connect-button" aria-label="Connect with Chandarprabha Sharma" class="relative -top-0.5 btn-sm btn-secondary inline-flex items-center ml-[52px]" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_browsemap_browse-map_connect-button" data-tracking-will-navigate> <icon class="w-2 h-2 align-middle mr-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/82mk0tliwd4tdyyne68xrnb2a"></icon> Connect </a> </li> <li>  <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/smitabhatia?trk=public_profile_browsemap-profile" target="_self" data-impression-id="public_profile_browsemap-1" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_browsemap-profile" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link">   <div class="bg-clip-content bg-contain border-2 border-color-container-neutral-border border-solid box-border h-[56px] rounded-[49.9%] shrink-0 w-[56px] " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C5603AQFwF51PTdOTzA/profile-displayphoto-shrink_100_100/profile-displayphoto-shrink_100_100/0/1516330151679?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=4B32OwoCiX1gGSz0L1VfyfUrmCIJzRodYArNxRPJaCQ" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-delayed-background data-impression-id="public_profile_browsemap-1"></div> <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative"> Dr. Smita Bhatia  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words line-clamp-2"> President/CEO Specstra Consulting Inc./Extended Producer Responsibility Strategist </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> Delhi, India </div>  </div>  </a> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/smitabhatia?trk=public_profile_browsemap_browse-map_connect-button" aria-label="Connect with Dr. Smita Bhatia" class="relative -top-0.5 btn-sm btn-secondary inline-flex items-center ml-[52px]" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_browsemap_browse-map_connect-button" data-tracking-will-navigate> <icon class="w-2 h-2 align-middle mr-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/82mk0tliwd4tdyyne68xrnb2a"></icon> Connect </a> </li> <li>  <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/dr-lakshmibai-r-932b5267?trk=public_profile_browsemap-profile" target="_self" data-impression-id="public_profile_browsemap-2" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_browsemap-profile" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link">   <div class="bg-clip-content bg-contain border-2 border-color-container-neutral-border border-solid box-border h-[56px] rounded-[49.9%] shrink-0 w-[56px] " 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line-clamp-2"> Defence Estates Officer, T & AP Circle, Secunderabad </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> Hyderabad </div>  </div>  </a> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/bhupati-rohit-a4845469?trk=public_profile_browsemap_browse-map_connect-button" aria-label="Connect with Bhupati Rohit" class="relative -top-0.5 btn-sm btn-secondary inline-flex items-center ml-[52px]" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_browsemap_browse-map_connect-button" data-tracking-will-navigate> <icon class="w-2 h-2 align-middle mr-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/82mk0tliwd4tdyyne68xrnb2a"></icon> Connect </a> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <section class="aside-section-container mb-4 related-posts" data-nosnippet="true"> <h2 class="aside-section-container__title section-title"> Explore more posts </h2>  <div class="aside-section-container__content break-words"> <div class="show-more-less aside-entities-list">  <ul data-max-num-to-show="4" class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--hide-after-4" data-impression-id="public_profile_relatedPosts_show-more-less"> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/company/csep-org?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E0BAQG01zu_C9FM0Q/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1630654374065/brookings_india_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=uC8MSF0XowW97TkaLdX2nA0fWY5Bu3wkJntm4Thyoc0" 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On #WorldEnvironmentDay, we bring you a three-part exploration of India's climate change policy and the latest global climate negotiations, authored by Montek Singh Ahluwalia and Utkarsh Patel. Part 1: In their paper "Climate Change Policy for Developing Countries," they assess the progress made at #COP26 and provide recommendations for #decarbonisation and #climatefinance. The study is an urgent call for a global consensus on the distribution of the remaining #carbonbudget among countries. Following the UNFCCC's CBDR-RC principle that suggests that developed countries with high #emissions reduce emissions faster than current commitments, leaving carbon space for developing countries with lower emissions, the paper reveals that the important co-benefit of pushing the developed countries to decarbonise faster is that it will accelerate the development of technologies that could help others achieve their own decarbonisation targets. The paper spells out a detailed decarbonisation plan for developing countries: (i) increasing energy efficiency, (ii) electrifying final energy consumption, (iii) shifting electricity generation to non-fossil fuel-based sources, and (iv) dealing with emissions from hard-to-decarbonise sectors by increasing forest stock and using #carboncapture and storage technology, which will become economically viable in the future. Stay tuned for part 2. https://lnkd.in/gkQ2Snc9 </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="36 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="36" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <img alt data-reaction-type="INTEREST" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4v7dh2d6cuqm24mzps1pqzeqt" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 36 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  </div> </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="On #WorldEnvironmentDay, we bring you a three-part exploration of India's climate change policy and the latest global climate negotiations, authored by Montek Singh Ahluwalia and Utkarsh Patel. Part 1: In their paper "Climate Change Policy for Developing Countries," they assess the progress made at #COP26 and provide recommendations for #decarbonisation and #climatefinance. The study is an urgent call for a global consensus on the distribution of the remaining #carbonbudget among countries. Following the UNFCCC's CBDR-RC principle that suggests that developed countries with high #emissions reduce emissions faster than current commitments, leaving carbon space for developing countries with lower emissions, the paper reveals that the important co-benefit of pushing the developed countries to decarbonise faster is that it will accelerate the development of technologies that could help others achieve their own decarbonisation targets. The paper spells out a detailed decarbonisation plan for developing countries: (i) increasing energy efficiency, (ii) electrifying final energy consumption, (iii) shifting electricity generation to non-fossil fuel-based sources, and (iv) dealing with emissions from hard-to-decarbonise sectors by increasing forest stock and using #carboncapture and storage technology, which will become economically viable in the future. Stay tuned for part 2. https://lnkd.in/gkQ2Snc9" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5622AQGCIbItLbc1-Q/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/0/1717508508089?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=gvHh7zIjocESrl3zLsGr1U_g4bTLQthAn_6-FQtLTVE">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/amit-kumar-909a303?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 bg-color-entity-ghost-background face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> Amit Kumar </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/amit-kumar-909a303_the-100-billion-dollar-climate-finance-conundrum-activity-7204007173012549633-ECqq?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> The OECD 2024 report `Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2013-2022’ has created both, jubilation as well as frustration, among different segments of the climate community. So, going beyond the headline “Developed countries exceeded the USD 100 billion annual goal for the first time in 2022” three years before the 2025 deadline; let us delve in to the key messages from this report: (1) In 2022 developed countries’ public climate finance provided bilaterally and through multilateral channels mainly took the form of loans (69% or USD 63.6 billion) and, to a lesser extent, grants (28% or USD 25.6 billion); (2) Over the period 2016-2022, close to 90% of financing provided by MDBs took the form of loans; (3) The mix was comparatively more balanced for multilateral climate funds with 39% loans and 54% grants; (4) Financing provided by the bilaterals was 57% loans and 39% grants; (5) The relative shares of mitigation and adaptation in the aforementioned climate finance mobilization were 60% and 28% respectively in 2022; (6) Over 2016-2022, while 38% of public finance for the adaptation was provided through grants, only 15% was grant-funded for mitigation; and (7) Between 2016 and 2022, the energy and transport sectors accounted for 62% of the total mitigation finance provided and mobilized.. It may be safe to conclude, therefore, that the bulk of public climate finance, through multilateral and bilateral channels (such as the World Bank and ADB etc.) has come in the form of loans with grants forming a miniscule share. The multilateral climate funds e.g. GCF, GEF, Adaptation Fund, and IFAD etc.) fared better in terms of grant-based financing. How does it square off with the first Global Stock Take at COP28, Dubai, which noted that “new and additional grant-based, highly concessional finance, and non-debt instruments remains critical to supporting developing countries, particularly as they transition in a just and equitable manner…”? The vast difference in quantum of financing between mitigation and adaptation is indicative of preference being accorded to `commercially viable’ mitigation projects (e.g., energy and transport sectors) as opposed to adaptation and climate resilience where benefits are largely intangible, that too accruing over long gestation periods. Moreover, with loans outstripping grants by a wide margin and the additionality of `pure' climate finance being in a doubtful zone, it speaks volumes about the quality of said climate finance. #climatefinance #climateaction #mitigation #adaptation #climateresilience #justtransition #developingeconomies </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="12 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="12" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <img alt data-reaction-type="INTEREST" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4v7dh2d6cuqm24mzps1pqzeqt" height="16px" width="16px"> <img alt data-reaction-type="APPRECIATION" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cib97epu77mrzque5gqlzjgaw" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 12 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  </div> </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="The OECD 2024 report `Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2013-2022’ has created both, jubilation as well as frustration, among different segments of the climate community. So, going beyond the headline “Developed countries exceeded the USD 100 billion annual goal for the first time in 2022” three years before the 2025 deadline; let us delve in to the key messages from this report: (1) In 2022 developed countries’ public climate finance provided bilaterally and through multilateral channels mainly took the form of loans (69% or USD 63.6 billion) and, to a lesser extent, grants (28% or USD 25.6 billion); (2) Over the period 2016-2022, close to 90% of financing provided by MDBs took the form of loans; (3) The mix was comparatively more balanced for multilateral climate funds with 39% loans and 54% grants; (4) Financing provided by the bilaterals was 57% loans and 39% grants; (5) The relative shares of mitigation and adaptation in the aforementioned climate finance mobilization were 60% and 28% respectively in 2022; (6) Over 2016-2022, while 38% of public finance for the adaptation was provided through grants, only 15% was grant-funded for mitigation; and (7) Between 2016 and 2022, the energy and transport sectors accounted for 62% of the total mitigation finance provided and mobilized.. It may be safe to conclude, therefore, that the bulk of public climate finance, through multilateral and bilateral channels (such as the World Bank and ADB etc.) has come in the form of loans with grants forming a miniscule share. The multilateral climate funds e.g. GCF, GEF, Adaptation Fund, and IFAD etc.) fared better in terms of grant-based financing. How does it square off with the first Global Stock Take at COP28, Dubai, which noted that “new and additional grant-based, highly concessional finance, and non-debt instruments remains critical to supporting developing countries, particularly as they transition in a just and equitable manner…”? The vast difference in quantum of financing between mitigation and adaptation is indicative of preference being accorded to `commercially viable’ mitigation projects (e.g., energy and transport sectors) as opposed to adaptation and climate resilience where benefits are largely intangible, that too accruing over long gestation periods. Moreover, with loans outstripping grants by a wide margin and the additionality of `pure' climate finance being in a doubtful zone, it speaks volumes about the quality of said climate finance. #climatefinance #climateaction #mitigation #adaptation #climateresilience #justtransition #developingeconomies " aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/sync/v2/D5627AQEmneLDxLsXzA/articleshare-shrink_800/articleshare-shrink_800/0/1732210684448?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=5nE7MyW8uanYppcJIiKelHIcA1lWDgLodAMC_SSIz7I">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://ph.linkedin.com/company/gaia-asia-pacific?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C560BAQGXIuTNRc101g/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1630636569694?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=WrmlLvyKkbL9ME4oWf_rkRwoENK1da-ihccAERwJrzk" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> GAIA Asia Pacific </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/gaia-asia-pacific_goforzerowaste-breakfreefromplastic-burnnot-activity-7244307860619173891-XgMS?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> 🌍 The First Regional Congress on Organics and Climate Change is happening soon, and it's time to delve into the critical conversation of environmental justice and equitable transitions! Hosted by Hasiru Dala, supported by the India Zero Waste Alliance and GAIA Asia Pacific, and powered by the HLL Management Academy and the UMI Fund, this event will bring together thought leaders and advocates pushing for just and inclusive climate solutions. 📅 Plenary 3: Environmental Justice Framework and Transition Led by Harshad Barde of SWaCH Coop in Pune, this pivotal session will feature: 🔹 Yobel Novian Putra, Climate Policy Officer, GAIA (Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives) 🔹 Rap Villavicencio, Mother Earth Foundation PH 🔹 Indumathi, Thyajya Shramika Sangha, BENGALURU 🔹 Aloja Santos, Philippine National Waste Workers Association (PNWWA) This panel will explore how climate action must center environmental justice, ensuring that vulnerable communities are not left behind in the transition to sustainable systems. From addressing the inequities faced by waste pickers to pushing for a zero waste future, this discussion will highlight why a just transition is essential for achieving true climate resilience. 💻 Be part of this critical conversation! Register for the livestream now: https://lnkd.in/ggR8EwwY #GoForZeroWaste #BreakFreeFromPlastic #BurnNot #ZeroWasteIsEasierTogether #ZeroWasteIsForEveryone #ClimateJustice #FundOrganicsNow #OrganicMethaneMatters #OrganicWasteSolutions </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="4 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="4" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <img alt data-reaction-type="PRAISE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cjrxeu0ese8oxe32kiom8kzoh" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 4 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  </div> </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="🌍 The First Regional Congress on Organics and Climate Change is happening soon, and it's time to delve into the critical conversation of environmental justice and equitable transitions! Hosted by Hasiru Dala, supported by the India Zero Waste Alliance and GAIA Asia Pacific, and powered by the HLL Management Academy and the UMI Fund, this event will bring together thought leaders and advocates pushing for just and inclusive climate solutions. 📅 Plenary 3: Environmental Justice Framework and Transition Led by Harshad Barde of SWaCH Coop in Pune, this pivotal session will feature: 🔹 Yobel Novian Putra, Climate Policy Officer, GAIA (Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives) 🔹 Rap Villavicencio, Mother Earth Foundation PH 🔹 Indumathi, Thyajya Shramika Sangha, BENGALURU 🔹 Aloja Santos, Philippine National Waste Workers Association (PNWWA) This panel will explore how climate action must center environmental justice, ensuring that vulnerable communities are not left behind in the transition to sustainable systems. From addressing the inequities faced by waste pickers to pushing for a zero waste future, this discussion will highlight why a just transition is essential for achieving true climate resilience. 💻 Be part of this critical conversation! Register for the livestream now: https://lnkd.in/ggR8EwwY #GoForZeroWaste #BreakFreeFromPlastic #BurnNot #ZeroWasteIsEasierTogether #ZeroWasteIsForEveryone #ClimateJustice #FundOrganicsNow #OrganicMethaneMatters #OrganicWasteSolutions" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5622AQG4uU07LYoSSw/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/0/1727177585109?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=Cs2kb1WpEDePVBBc0fY0uRvgr4vjNd0YAJoFNlPBHcE">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://uk.linkedin.com/company/commonwealth-secretariat?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D0BAQH2pBm3sia8qQ/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1664270142289/commonwealth_secretariat_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=BiO6tGtokSdHhJbpT-WjZlt982h1v27DBY9y-4aoZ-k" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> The Commonwealth </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/commonwealth-secretariat_blog-key-insights-from-climate-negotiations-activity-7259609728396247040-27jf?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> #BLOG: Key insights from climate negotiations at CHOGM 2022 & 2024 by UnniKrishnan Divakaran Nair, Commonwealth Secretariat Assistant Director Climate Change & Sustainability, highlight the complexities and strategies needed for effective intergovernmental climate agreements. These lessons are more relevant than ever as we head to COP29. 🔗 https://bit.ly/4f7T7XM #ClimateAction #CHOGM #COP29 </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="21 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="21" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <img alt data-reaction-type="EMPATHY" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/37hg81qnm85dsy5mbqfifg9qs" height="16px" width="16px"> <img alt data-reaction-type="INTEREST" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4v7dh2d6cuqm24mzps1pqzeqt" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 21 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis before:middot my-1" data-test-id="social-actions__comments" data-id="social-actions__comments" data-num-comments="1" data-singular="%numComments% Comment" data-plural="%numComments% Comments"> 1 Comment </div>  </div> </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="#BLOG: Key insights from climate negotiations at CHOGM 2022 & 2024 by UnniKrishnan Divakaran Nair, Commonwealth Secretariat Assistant Director Climate Change & Sustainability, highlight the complexities and strategies needed for effective intergovernmental climate agreements. These lessons are more relevant than ever as we head to COP29. 🔗 https://bit.ly/4f7T7XM #ClimateAction #CHOGM #COP29" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/sync/v2/D4D27AQEL4MQMDlb6qw/articleshare-shrink_800/articleshare-shrink_800/0/1730825771017?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=h54Z3hanw2bPLdv9EO0TPt4IevZvWx4LGph4-MVXCck">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/carbonyatra?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D03AQEomjF1ySodoQ/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1721535841003?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=SzzL3o31VThipRgjRfKhjp7NUNP_tMklWPTFzqiDuuU" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> Kishore Butani </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/carbonyatra_indias-water-crisis-can-affect-its-credit-activity-7219342856291811328-_x22?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> Check out how our #voluntary #watercredits program launched 2 years ago can help India (and the Global South) fortify their credit strength 🙏 #carboncredits #watercredits #environmental #market #blockchain #defi #cefi #environmentalexchange #unfccc #bisleri #dairy #rainwater #groundwater </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="13 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="13" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 13 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  </div> </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="Check out how our #voluntary #watercredits program launched 2 years ago can help India (and the Global South) fortify their credit strength 🙏 #carboncredits #watercredits #environmental #market #blockchain #defi #cefi #environmentalexchange #unfccc #bisleri #dairy #rainwater #groundwater " aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/sync/v2/D4D27AQFCtNNUn6zjeA/articleshare-shrink_800/articleshare-shrink_800/0/1721225291517?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=h1BxQ54xz_sNNrDP0JGxOg8lIhOX-6nqLUdZbCemqjk">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card pb-1"> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/company/national-herald-india?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D560BAQGXikfTtH1ajA/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1721547191515/national_herald_india_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=WPlPRwNJ6J4JRM4N7DvYEjbCzsdV75tDcuIJyxlp4L0" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> National Herald </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/national-herald-india_unilateral-trade-measures-in-name-of-climate-activity-7263161987923091456-lcvw?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> Restrictive measures force low-income nations to bear costs of transitioning to low-carbon economies, undermining #ClimateFinance commitments from developed nations which contribute the most to #GreenhouseGas emissions: India at #Cop29Baku </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code>  </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="Restrictive measures force low-income nations to bear costs of transitioning to low-carbon economies, undermining #ClimateFinance commitments from developed nations which contribute the most to #GreenhouseGas emissions: India at #Cop29Baku" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/sync/v2/D5627AQH3uQFKqW5JGg/articleshare-shrink_800/articleshare-shrink_800/0/1731672762204?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=BRXqWnupJtusWG4s2IYyXjw-enZ7cmghV8qIR3j1SaM">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/company/forbes-india?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E0BAQF0GtrPV9WI2Q/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1630632831456/forbes_india_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=y0ResYkrqgfZhdQQFcokrgv9TsHNed2-pIHFGx2wI5c" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> Forbes India </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/forbes-india_the-focus-on-climate-adaptation-in-india-activity-7226859670030753793-Y91Y?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> The focus on climate adaptation in India is under-represented in policy, finance, and innovation. The latest State of Climate Finance in India report by Climake argues comprehensively that the adaptation landscape is ready for private money https://lnkd.in/dgEk3Dwd By Harichandan Arakali </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="12 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="12" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 12 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  </div> </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="The focus on climate adaptation in India is under-represented in policy, finance, and innovation. The latest State of Climate Finance in India report by Climake argues comprehensively that the adaptation landscape is ready for private money https://lnkd.in/dgEk3Dwd By Harichandan Arakali" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D22AQE8sZTeWEB7oA/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/0/1723015906639?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=wDp312mDXqDl2nQoMJ3cNy5pPFFHlD3DJKwDyltmaso">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://ch.linkedin.com/company/thomaslloyd-group?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E0BAQGb9SScsNKHrQ/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1727158870848/thomaslloyd_group_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=CHc9DovyoL1kzMB5Op17TH2FuJrJ6Ngpnz6_YMCME5s" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> ThomasLloyd Group </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/thomaslloyd-group_climate-finance-solutions-for-south-asias-activity-7209117781475115009-NS59?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> Climate finance is critical to mitigating the severe impacts of extreme heat in South Asia. As record-breaking temperatures affect millions, targeted strategies such as heat action plans and infrastructure improvements are essential. Vulnerable communities, including low-income families, women, and marginalized groups, suffer the most. Efficient climate finance can support these communities through education, health services and sustainable construction. Transparent and efficient fund disbursement is essential to ensure resources reach those in need and build resilience to climate change. Explore the broader discussion on how climate finance can make a difference: https://lnkd.in/dXeMDMgG #thomaslloyd #renewableenergy #infrastructure #esg #netzero #asia #climatechange #sustainability #emergingmarkets #energytransition #electricity #biomass #BatteryInnovation </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="8 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="8" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <img alt data-reaction-type="PRAISE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cjrxeu0ese8oxe32kiom8kzoh" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 8 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  </div> </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="Climate finance is critical to mitigating the severe impacts of extreme heat in South Asia. As record-breaking temperatures affect millions, targeted strategies such as heat action plans and infrastructure improvements are essential. Vulnerable communities, including low-income families, women, and marginalized groups, suffer the most. Efficient climate finance can support these communities through education, health services and sustainable construction. Transparent and efficient fund disbursement is essential to ensure resources reach those in need and build resilience to climate change. Explore the broader discussion on how climate finance can make a difference: https://lnkd.in/dXeMDMgG #thomaslloyd #renewableenergy #infrastructure #esg #netzero #asia #climatechange #sustainability #emergingmarkets #energytransition #electricity #biomass #BatteryInnovation" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E10AQEoAlSU9mEWKA/image-shrink_1280/image-shrink_1280/0/1718787617144?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=algG-zsNLvZrs60IwyxLYadnPBzExtsrwhMRsXGhHsQ">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/spglobal?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D560BAQGsSDl3sEy6CA/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1719809750305/spglobal_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=WhXEclFHgLVwp84lVIaUBf4ZEeIpiq_sPHDCinf9MgU" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> S&P Global </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/spglobal_climate-climatechange-activity-7250384680594608128-EL9d?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> In addition to playing an important role in international dialogues, fostering partnerships and developing action plans that combine adaptation and mitigation, addressing key areas such as #climate finance and participation from all levels could help shape India’s approach to #ClimateChange. Read the full article: https://okt.to/l7KGJI </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="11 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="11" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 11 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  </div> </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="In addition to playing an important role in international dialogues, fostering partnerships and developing action plans that combine adaptation and mitigation, addressing key areas such as #climate finance and participation from all levels could help shape India’s approach to #ClimateChange. Read the full article: https://okt.to/l7KGJI " aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E10AQHz8GIfXpQR9g/image-shrink_1280/image-shrink_1280/0/1728626409782?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=her0vaTeImwa3R9-kJO5fi68xWeXEhteug6atVtzDUo">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/company/csep-org?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E0BAQG01zu_C9FM0Q/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1630654374065/brookings_india_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=uC8MSF0XowW97TkaLdX2nA0fWY5Bu3wkJntm4Thyoc0" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> Centre for Social and Economic Progress </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/csep-org_ndcs-netzeroemissions-climatechange-activity-7205795838076342272-65Mm?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> 🌏 Bringing you the third and final installment of the three-part exploration of India's climate change policy and the latest global climate negotiations, authored by Montek Singh Ahluwalia and Utkarsh Patel. This paper, “A Medium-Term Strategy for Transitioning to Net Zero by 2070," examines India’s current 2030 Nationally Determined Contributions (#NDCs) and its long-term goal of achieving #netzeroemissions by 2070. It lays out a comprehensive action plan for the period 2025 to 2035 that aligns with our economic growth and climate change mitigation targets. This plan focuses on key areas such as establishing a carbon market, boosting renewable energy generation, transitioning to electric transport, promoting energy efficiency, and more. Furthermore, the paper contextualises India’s efforts within the global landscape, recognising its significance as the world’s fourth-largest emitter. It emphasises the urgent need for action to address #climatechange, given India’s high vulnerability to its physical impacts. Acknowledging the multifaceted nature of #climateaction, the paper underscores the necessity for close coordination between various central ministries and state governments. Read the full paper: https://lnkd.in/d69ddwTY </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="15 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="15" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 15 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  </div> </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="🌏 Bringing you the third and final installment of the three-part exploration of India's climate change policy and the latest global climate negotiations, authored by Montek Singh Ahluwalia and Utkarsh Patel. This paper, “A Medium-Term Strategy for Transitioning to Net Zero by 2070," examines India’s current 2030 Nationally Determined Contributions (#NDCs) and its long-term goal of achieving #netzeroemissions by 2070. It lays out a comprehensive action plan for the period 2025 to 2035 that aligns with our economic growth and climate change mitigation targets. This plan focuses on key areas such as establishing a carbon market, boosting renewable energy generation, transitioning to electric transport, promoting energy efficiency, and more. Furthermore, the paper contextualises India’s efforts within the global landscape, recognising its significance as the world’s fourth-largest emitter. It emphasises the urgent need for action to address #climatechange, given India’s high vulnerability to its physical impacts. Acknowledging the multifaceted nature of #climateaction, the paper underscores the necessity for close coordination between various central ministries and state governments. Read the full paper: https://lnkd.in/d69ddwTY" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5622AQFpRwuOSQfW4w/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/0/1719141548960?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=dFDzwM_w-penbtJDar7V0BugKACzIaUjO8xC5C6IkhY">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/company/council-on-energy-environment-and-water?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4D0BAQE75kKjC4eWMw/company-logo_100_100-alternative/company-logo_100_100-alternative/0/1630525134050/council_on_energy_environment_and_water_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=UhZl78glVBLOmD-LVZPZlmy6Dj5bsZWr7pFpuKpt32g" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/council-on-energy-environment-and-water_monsoon-rainfall-climatechange-activity-7213429869907431425-jUBD?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> How can India adapt to changing monsoon patterns and other climate risks? "We recommend developing district-level climate action plans, integrating this information with socioeconomic and sector-specific data for detailed climate risk assessments in critical sectors like agriculture, water and energy," says our Sr Programme Lead, Vishwas Chitale PhD. Read more by Shambhavi Anand in The Economic Times 👇 https://lnkd.in/ggnpeC6K #monsoon #rainfall #climatechange #climaterisk #climateadaptation #climateresilience #climateaction </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="552 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="552" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <img alt data-reaction-type="INTEREST" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4v7dh2d6cuqm24mzps1pqzeqt" height="16px" width="16px"> <img alt data-reaction-type="APPRECIATION" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cib97epu77mrzque5gqlzjgaw" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 552 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis before:middot my-1" data-test-id="social-actions__comments" data-id="social-actions__comments" data-num-comments="9" data-singular="%numComments% Comment" data-plural="%numComments% Comments"> 9 Comments </div>  </div> </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="How can India adapt to changing monsoon patterns and other climate risks? "We recommend developing district-level climate action plans, integrating this information with socioeconomic and sector-specific data for detailed climate risk assessments in critical sectors like agriculture, water and energy," says our Sr Programme Lead, Vishwas Chitale PhD. Read more by Shambhavi Anand in The Economic Times 👇 https://lnkd.in/ggnpeC6K #monsoon #rainfall #climatechange #climaterisk #climateadaptation #climateresilience #climateaction" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5622AQEqLJtBAxM9lQ/feedshare-shrink_800/feedshare-shrink_800/0/1719811891644?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=Zk0QEdLSbgAxZfVyilsSldoTYpHkW8ACFIOLkZX0ZNU">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/company/sustainable-futures-collaborative?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D560BAQG6pHmFMP7RKA/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1705656997943/sustainable_futures_collaborative_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=OwXML6CnJry7rpJ5Y2lqP9SxWi8EcAbmhknf68vPoXM" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> Sustainable Futures Collaborative </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/sustainable-futures-collaborative_qa-what-do-indias-elections-mean-for-coal-activity-7196059138546708483-NVU6?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> In Carbon Brief, Suravee Nayak spoke on the need to address the larger developmental problem of coal geographies by building communities’ capacities – from education to employment – so they can have alternative, sustainable livelihoods. https://lnkd.in/eiWpTYgM </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="6 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="6" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 6 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  </div> </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="In Carbon Brief, Suravee Nayak spoke on the need to address the larger developmental problem of coal geographies by building communities’ capacities – from education to employment – so they can have alternative, sustainable livelihoods. https://lnkd.in/eiWpTYgM" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/sync/v2/D4E27AQHRuVtfOrHqgg/articleshare-shrink_800/articleshare-shrink_800/0/1715604737562?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=YAS8owzW_cFld4Yrit-sV-4gbdUf8iOYv3wyytIBq8A">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/gyanesh-gupta?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D03AQE8XPJNzHp-eA/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1682792444130?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=n82To7IGwX5x6Opek52DsboiI4MvkejIDExcvirrgC0" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> Dr. Gyanesh Gupta, PhD </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/gyanesh-gupta_alleviating-energy-poverty-through-transitioning-activity-7191867443911254019-MT08?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> 📜 Delving into the insightful discourse of a recent blog penned by a leading research collective Transitions Research sheds light on the pressing issue of #energypoverty. The narrative underscores the urgency of integrating #lowcarbon technologies within this sphere. As we navigate the challenges of our time, it becomes increasingly evident that leveraging sustainable energy solutions is paramount. The discourse not only highlights the stark realities of energy poverty but also underscores the imperative for action. By embracing low-carbon technologies, we not only address immediate energy needs but also pave the way for a sustainable future. This resonates profoundly with the current global discourse on climate action and underscores the pivotal role of innovation and policy frameworks in driving meaningful change. The article provides key points, and essential insights are discussed here: 🏃‍♂️ India's #net-zero ambitions face a critical challenge: 65% of its rapidly urbanizing population lacks access to reliable, affordable energy (World Bank, 2023). This not only impacts basic needs but also hinders #economic opportunities. The answer lies not just in clean energy but inequitable access. ☀ 🎐 #Decentralized renewables, like microgrids and community solar, are transforming underserved areas. These solutions enhance energy access, boost local economies, and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. The Dharavi rooftop solar project in Mumbai exemplifies this success. ⚛ #Innovation is key. Public-private partnerships, government subsidies, and microfinance programs are making RE more accessible for low-income communities. Pay-as-you-go models and community-owned projects further democratize energy access. #Building‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ Capacity is essential. Training residents to manage RE systems ensures long-term sustainability. By prioritizing equitable #RE deployment, collaborative governance, and community empowerment, India can achieve a sustainable future with clean energy for all. ♻ Additionally, in the quest for sustainability, the principles of "reduce, reuse, and recycle" (#RRR) serve as guiding tenets. By embracing these principles, we not only mitigate carbon emissions but also foster a circular economy. By reducing energy consumption, reusing materials in innovative ways, and recycling components to minimize waste, we synergize sustainability with technological advancement. This holistic approach not only drives environmental stewardship but also propels us towards a greener, more resilient future powered by low-carbon solutions. #RenewableEnergy #India </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="19 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="19" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <img alt data-reaction-type="PRAISE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cjrxeu0ese8oxe32kiom8kzoh" height="16px" width="16px"> <img alt data-reaction-type="EMPATHY" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/37hg81qnm85dsy5mbqfifg9qs" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 19 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis before:middot my-1" data-test-id="social-actions__comments" data-id="social-actions__comments" data-num-comments="2" data-singular="%numComments% Comment" data-plural="%numComments% Comments"> 2 Comments </div>  </div> </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="📜 Delving into the insightful discourse of a recent blog penned by a leading research collective Transitions Research sheds light on the pressing issue of #energypoverty. The narrative underscores the urgency of integrating #lowcarbon technologies within this sphere. As we navigate the challenges of our time, it becomes increasingly evident that leveraging sustainable energy solutions is paramount. The discourse not only highlights the stark realities of energy poverty but also underscores the imperative for action. By embracing low-carbon technologies, we not only address immediate energy needs but also pave the way for a sustainable future. This resonates profoundly with the current global discourse on climate action and underscores the pivotal role of innovation and policy frameworks in driving meaningful change. The article provides key points, and essential insights are discussed here: 🏃‍♂️ India's #net-zero ambitions face a critical challenge: 65% of its rapidly urbanizing population lacks access to reliable, affordable energy (World Bank, 2023). This not only impacts basic needs but also hinders #economic opportunities. The answer lies not just in clean energy but inequitable access. ☀ 🎐 #Decentralized renewables, like microgrids and community solar, are transforming underserved areas. These solutions enhance energy access, boost local economies, and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. The Dharavi rooftop solar project in Mumbai exemplifies this success. ⚛ #Innovation is key. Public-private partnerships, government subsidies, and microfinance programs are making RE more accessible for low-income communities. Pay-as-you-go models and community-owned projects further democratize energy access. #Building‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ Capacity is essential. Training residents to manage RE systems ensures long-term sustainability. By prioritizing equitable #RE deployment, collaborative governance, and community empowerment, India can achieve a sustainable future with clean energy for all. ♻ Additionally, in the quest for sustainability, the principles of "reduce, reuse, and recycle" (#RRR) serve as guiding tenets. By embracing these principles, we not only mitigate carbon emissions but also foster a circular economy. By reducing energy consumption, reusing materials in innovative ways, and recycling components to minimize waste, we synergize sustainability with technological advancement. This holistic approach not only drives environmental stewardship but also propels us towards a greener, more resilient future powered by low-carbon solutions. #RenewableEnergy #India" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/sync/v2/D5627AQF9Oxgj3v6FCQ/articleshare-shrink_800/articleshare-shrink_800/0/1713355269094?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=--1e7UEBW2WfXiQrVuoTFQ1XE42uRkHuMXox7ZemmgE">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/company/scroll-media-inc?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D560BAQHrOm9FE46KKQ/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1726563258517/scroll_media_inc_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=UI7U8wNaRmkP239DTRPzpPr34A2Niu9kfBDaEgCrNG8" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> Scroll.in </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/scroll-media-inc_how-climate-change-is-shaping-democracy-activity-7196909775530426370-htPs?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> #ClimateChange | It is essential for the Election Commission to make the process easier for voters by disseminating accurate risk alerts at the polling station level, Manoranjan Ghosh & Hemant Kumar write. https://lnkd.in/g8p58Pm3 The commission should start collecting data about how heat could possibly harm the health of citizens to help it prepare for future elections effectively. #heatwave #election2024 </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="1 Reaction" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="1" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 1 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  </div> </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="#ClimateChange | It is essential for the Election Commission to make the process easier for voters by disseminating accurate risk alerts at the polling station level, Manoranjan Ghosh & Hemant Kumar write. https://lnkd.in/g8p58Pm3 The commission should start collecting data about how heat could possibly harm the health of citizens to help it prepare for future elections effectively. #heatwave #election2024" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/sync/v2/D5627AQHoQQW04QDU2g/articleshare-shrink_800/articleshare-shrink_800/0/1715662772621?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=KSB365lOHmj-6P2WbuO4ISjwKdZjlQ7VtqYN_I-pvnM">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/company/citizen-consumer-and-civic-action-group?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C560BAQF_eMmDyLX5gA/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1647947153825/citizen_consumer_and_civic_action_group_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=eV-caeJAhZnNIF_Et0JZJBhz5Z_pivlFRpKZyrmM_RE" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> Citizen consumer and civic Action Group </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/citizen-consumer-and-civic-action-group_in-60-years-delhi-to-be-45-degrees-hotter-activity-7217440609991577601-Z2JX?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> In the absence of effective, equitable and just climate action, we will face unimaginable consequences in just 60 years from now. @UMCES's maps project by 2080, Delhi could be 4.5°C warmer and Srinagar could be 5.4°C warmer https://lnkd.in/g_YzWhm4 </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="2 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="2" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 2 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  </div> </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="In the absence of effective, equitable and just climate action, we will face unimaginable consequences in just 60 years from now. @UMCES's maps project by 2080, Delhi could be 4.5°C warmer and Srinagar could be 5.4°C warmer https://lnkd.in/g_YzWhm4" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/sync/v2/D4D27AQGRvx9prYCoFA/articleshare-shrink_800/articleshare-shrink_800/0/1720681150158?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=PtQ9Bm8k0JYQzmSAWnnMn_kA64z64G2ZYoqxLsDXkG8">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/amitksrivastava?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5603AQGFTil25pMgLw/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1724682659491?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=MDdJge35CaHD3KnszBjmbFMFTXDV4ySyHDKoERDj1pM" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> Dr. Amit K Srivastava </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/amitksrivastava_india-faces-high-climate-risk-as-2024-threatens-activity-7261944601647734784-ABek?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> India at Climate Crossroads: Insights from COP29 At #COP29, WMO’s Secretary-General Celeste Saulo warned that 2024 could become the warmest year on record, bringing India’s climate risks into sharper focus. Extreme weather has impacted India on 93% of days in the first nine months, with over 3,200 lives lost and millions of hectares of crops affected. Rising sea levels further threaten India's vast coastal communities, highlighting the need for robust climate action. Enhanced meteorological infrastructure and a strengthened multi-hazard early warning system are critical for India to mitigate future losses. Active collaboration across sectors—particularly between meteorological services, agriculture, health, and disaster management—is essential to building resilience against the intensifying impacts of climate change. #ClimateAction #IndiaClimateCrisis #SustainableFuture </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="2 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="2" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 2 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  </div> </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="India at Climate Crossroads: Insights from COP29 At #COP29, WMO’s Secretary-General Celeste Saulo warned that 2024 could become the warmest year on record, bringing India’s climate risks into sharper focus. Extreme weather has impacted India on 93% of days in the first nine months, with over 3,200 lives lost and millions of hectares of crops affected. Rising sea levels further threaten India's vast coastal communities, highlighting the need for robust climate action. Enhanced meteorological infrastructure and a strengthened multi-hazard early warning system are critical for India to mitigate future losses. Active collaboration across sectors—particularly between meteorological services, agriculture, health, and disaster management—is essential to building resilience against the intensifying impacts of climate change. #ClimateAction #IndiaClimateCrisis #SustainableFuture " aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/sync/v2/D4D27AQGCJBp-yrSO7w/articleshare-shrink_800/articleshare-shrink_800/0/1731380652654?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=F5-agtRLwuTJ64ZGuBgOsy-K7zJ4ZgelVGcfCQDCmWk">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://my.linkedin.com/company/karbon-hero?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E0BAQHT_86sXavaeQ/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1699548518102/karbon_hero_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=dHCLEkETSBcroFdumdr-dvPkgoUlWSeaFSvw7I7NnxY" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> Karbon Hero </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/karbon-hero_karbonhero-genesysreserve-cdr-activity-7211563844471599104-It04?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> 🌎 What is CDR❓ CDR = Carbon Dioxide Removal. CDR is pivotal in addressing climate change and the rise of anthropogenic GHG emissions. There are various CDR approaches and each comes with its positive impacts and limitations. Here’s how we at Karbon Hero 🌱 define CDR from its purpose to its approaches. CDR is not just an alternative approach; it is one of the essential strategies that must work hand in hand with our GHG reduction efforts in order for us to achieve net zero. #KarbonHero #GenesysReserve #CDR #carboncredits #carbonmarkets #carbonoffsets #carbonsink #carbonneutral #carbonreduction #carbonremoval #carboncapture #carboncaptureandstorage #nbs #naturebasedsolutions #directaircapture #sustainability #sdgs #sustainable #environmental #ghg #ghgemissions #esg #esgstrategy #environmentalsustainability #carbonemissions #carbonneutrality #netzero #climatechange </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="94 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="94" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <img alt data-reaction-type="INTEREST" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4v7dh2d6cuqm24mzps1pqzeqt" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 94 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  </div> </div>  </div>  </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card "> <a href="https://fr.linkedin.com/company/iddri?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4D0BAQFWhQoaSD_0ig/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1643133519396/iddri_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=s1B7gbpIm8yt6Pz9MPlZH_wuL3GEg-SPg0l4dsM34v8" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> IDDRI </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/iddri_the-afolu-sectors-role-in-national-decarbonization-activity-7244979097506824193-tYSE?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> [SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION] Published in Climate Policy Journal "The AFOLU sector’s role in national decarbonization: a comparative analysis of low-GHG development pathways in Brazil, India and #ndonesia" This paper analyses the role that AFOLU (#agriculture, #forest and other #landuse) plays in national deep decarbonization scenarios in Brazil, India and Indonesia between 2020 and 2050. By Johannes Svensson, Vidhee Avashia, Rizaldi Boer, Dr. Rajiv Kumar Chaturvedi, Michele Cotta Walter, Carolina Burle Schmidt Dubeux, Gito Sugih Immanuel, Emilio La Rovere, Omkar Patange, Annuri Rossita & @Saritha Sudharmma Vishwanathan Click here to read the publication 👉 https://lnkd.in/ePDHYPyz </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code> <div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs aside-activity-card__social-actions -mt-0.5"> <div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" role="button" aria-label="9 Reactions" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="9" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0"> <img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9sun4diznbhgyelaeryxy75ur" height="16px" width="16px"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count"> 9 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  </div> </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="[SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION] Published in Climate Policy Journal "The AFOLU sector’s role in national decarbonization: a comparative analysis of low-GHG development pathways in Brazil, India and #ndonesia" This paper analyses the role that AFOLU (#agriculture, #forest and other #landuse) plays in national deep decarbonization scenarios in Brazil, India and Indonesia between 2020 and 2050. By Johannes Svensson, Vidhee Avashia, Rizaldi Boer, Dr. Rajiv Kumar Chaturvedi, Michele Cotta Walter, Carolina Burle Schmidt Dubeux, Gito Sugih Immanuel, Emilio La Rovere, Omkar Patange, Annuri Rossita & @Saritha Sudharmma Vishwanathan Click here to read the publication 👉 https://lnkd.in/ePDHYPyz" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/sync/v2/D4E27AQFqr508U_TEHw/articleshare-shrink_800/articleshare-shrink_800/0/1729758181583?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=SE7xg0NYjFsAUi3RoyCQnr1D12OO7IgkdRDJU7Zyw8s">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="border-b-1 border-solid border-color-divider max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card pb-1"> <a href="https://ch.linkedin.com/in/roland-brunner-1118122a4?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5603AQHgwRPzCm4eug/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1729922729609?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=ecRkrKcdTDk0CN6Dl2zXi4ckairpRZMpVjSHGPw5_5c" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> Roland Brunner </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/roland-brunner-1118122a4_addressing-global-water-security-challenges-activity-7247240184633708544-TZG8?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> Addressing global water security challenges: New study reveals investment opportunities and readiness levels Water scarcity, pollution, and the burden of waterborne diseases are urgent issues threatening global health and security. A recently published study in the journal Global Environmental Change highlights the pressing need for innovative economic strategies to bolster water security investments https://lnkd.in/dChGVmFN </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code>  </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="Addressing global water security challenges: New study reveals investment opportunities and readiness levels Water scarcity, pollution, and the burden of waterborne diseases are urgent issues threatening global health and security. A recently published study in the journal Global Environmental Change highlights the pressing need for innovative economic strategies to bolster water security investments https://lnkd.in/dChGVmFN" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D10AQG4mogrdxruiQ/image-shrink_800/image-shrink_800/0/1727876706671?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=P6FVBJ4pXEUnV4ylM500eCvgNF1vWkuYBl8fkJxtOZ4">  </div> </a> </div> </li> <li class=" max-w-[360px] mb-1"> <div class="aside-activity-card pb-1"> <a href="https://ca.linkedin.com/company/koleoso-associates?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts_face-pile-cta" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="full-link" data-tracking-will-navigate class="face-pile flex !no-underline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C560BAQGG9h5hJSUqFw/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1630671930718/koleoso_associates_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=cdNa8OfMREfoYGUCwa0NTyJr3W4oGu1rCZF8_VOIhuk" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div> <p class="face-pile__text self-center font-sans text-sm link-styled hover:underline"> Koleoso Associates </p> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/koleoso-associates_monitoring-and-evaluation-of-climate-mitigation-activity-7185542500437131264-dW_G?trk=public_profile_relatedPosts" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link mt-0 mb-0.5">   <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative">  </h3> <p class="base-aside-card__subtitle font-sans text-sm text-color-text leading-open mt-0.5 break-words overflow-anywhere line-clamp-2"> Target Audience Government officials, policymakers, development planners, climate change practitioners, carbon market agents. Learning Objectives The course aims to support policymakers and practitioners in developing economy-wide or sector-specific GHG reporting programs that address national and sub-national priorities and objectives. It is divided into three modules and enables users to: Enhance their knowledge of the concept and significance of MRV Understand what constitutes a GHG reporting program, and the range of objectives that reporting programs can serve. Identify the legal framework needed to anchor the mandatory reporting program. Determine the capacities necessary to establish and implement reporting programs. Engage stakeholders during various phases of development and implementation of the reporting program. Understand various design elements that form the core of GHG reporting programs and key factors that influence design-related decisions. Delve deeper into three of the existing GHG reporting programs to further comprehend the concepts discussed in the course. </p>   <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> <code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"></code>  </div>  </div> <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[75px] w-[75px] base-aside-card__media--right"> <img alt="Target Audience Government officials, policymakers, development planners, climate change practitioners, carbon market agents. Learning Objectives The course aims to support policymakers and practitioners in developing economy-wide or sector-specific GHG reporting programs that address national and sub-national priorities and objectives. It is divided into three modules and enables users to: Enhance their knowledge of the concept and significance of MRV Understand what constitutes a GHG reporting program, and the range of objectives that reporting programs can serve. Identify the legal framework needed to anchor the mandatory reporting program. Determine the capacities necessary to establish and implement reporting programs. Engage stakeholders during various phases of development and implementation of the reporting program. Understand various design elements that form the core of GHG reporting programs and key factors that influence design-related decisions. Delve deeper into three of the existing GHG reporting programs to further comprehend the concepts discussed in the course." aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/sync/v2/D5627AQEzFUlQunYGvQ/articleshare-shrink_800/articleshare-shrink_800/0/1713166697637?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=v_hZMo4HLTuXiBIcJ_KJD7kcTsCGZXdhuRTLCgnKKlI">  </div> </a> </div> </li> </ul> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__more-button show-more-less-button " aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts_show_more"> Show more posts <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__less-button show-more-less-button show-more-less__button--hide" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_relatedPosts_show_more"> Show fewer posts <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> </div> </div> </section> <section class="aside-section-container mb-4">   <div class="aside-section-container__content break-words"> <section class="content-hub-cta container-lined p-2 max-w-[300px] font-sans text-color-text !max-w-none" data-nosnippet="true"> <div class="flex flex-row"> <img class="content-hub-cta__img block mr-1.5 w-6 h-6" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/c8ms9smqq4fefx1fgb22l0eus" alt> <h2 class="content-hub-cta__title text-lg font-bold m-0"> Explore collaborative articles </h2> </div> <p class="content-hub-cta__body text-sm font-light leading-open my-1"> We’re unlocking community knowledge in a new way. Experts add insights directly into each article, started with the help of AI. </p> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/topics/home/" class="content-hub-cta__btn btn-md btn-secondary-emphasis text-md font-bold mt-1 block box-border" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_content-hub-cta" data-tracking-will-navigate> Explore More </a> </section> </div> </section> <section class="aside-section-container mb-4 samename" data-nosnippet="true"> <h2 class="aside-section-container__title section-title"> Others named <strong>Arunabha Ghosh</strong> in <strong>India</strong> </h2>  <div class="aside-section-container__content break-words"> <ul class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--no-hidden-elems aside-profiles-list" data-impression-id="public_profile_samename_show-more-less"> <li>  <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabha-ghosh-31243614a?trk=public_profile_samename-profile" target="_self" data-impression-id="public_profile_samename-0" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_samename-profile" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link">   <div class="bg-clip-content bg-contain border-2 border-color-container-neutral-border border-solid box-border h-[56px] rounded-[49.9%] shrink-0 w-[56px] " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5603AQE5ApC1Nl_m0Q/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1702293442359?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=vB4GJ4Jzn75VkqBbXXM5iuBK88n6RvCYBAOszaj-fwU" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-delayed-background data-impression-id="public_profile_samename-0"></div> <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative"> Arunabha Ghosh  </h3>    <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> Bengaluru </div>  </div>  </a> </li> <li>  <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabha-ghosh-1810063?trk=public_profile_samename-profile" target="_self" data-impression-id="public_profile_samename-1" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_samename-profile" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link">   <div class="bg-clip-content bg-contain border-2 border-color-container-neutral-border border-solid box-border h-[56px] rounded-[49.9%] shrink-0 w-[56px] " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E03AQGl6UuD3dx1kw/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1516283551624?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=GF2DCsSJ9JvOuGJ7ARAc-ohhLZv-ABkn70LQ3FTHceE" 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data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_samename-profile" data-tracking-will-navigate class="base-card relative w-full hover:no-underline focus:no-underline base-card--link base-aside-card flex my-1.5 base-aside-card--link">   <div class="bg-clip-content bg-contain border-2 border-color-container-neutral-border border-solid box-border h-[56px] rounded-[49.9%] shrink-0 w-[56px] " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4D03AQFo5xb1PDjOiQ/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1656598140898?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=om7ZBuIssbRdJ3xldXsECOwlzPZoTnGR63NeWAn4z8Q" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-delayed-background data-impression-id="public_profile_samename-3"></div> <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative"> Arunabha Ghosh  </h3>    <div class="base-aside-card__metadata font-sans text-sm leading-open font-regular text-color-text-low-emphasis mt-0.5"> Pune </div>  </div>  </a> </li> </ul> <p class="font-sans text-base leading-open my-2 mx-0 text-color-text-low-emphasis" id="samename__others-named"> 67 others named Arunabha Ghosh in India are on LinkedIn </p> <a class="samename__see-all btn-md btn-secondary-emphasis inline-block babybear:w-full" aria-describedby="samename__others-named" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pub/dir/Arunabha/Ghosh/in-0-India?trk=public_profile_samename-see-all" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_samename-see-all" data-tracking-will-navigate> See others named <strong>Arunabha Ghosh</strong> </a> </div> </section> <section class="aside-section-container mb-4 course-recommendations"> <h2 class="aside-section-container__title section-title"> Add new skills with these courses </h2>  <div class="aside-section-container__content break-words"> <ul 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focus:show-play-button base-aside-card--link aside-learning-course-card">  <div class="base-aside-card__media flex-shrink-0 mr-0.5 overflow-hidden relative rounded-md h-[54px] w-[95px]"> <img class="base-aside-card__media-element w-[100px] h-full object-cover" alt data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C560DAQGybKv9ShqTrQ/learning-public-crop_288_512/learning-public-crop_288_512/0/1616446213839?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=7yA5T7k8A1dvanet42JWhZ7gFROj1sDnVRn5ywiVnIs"> <div class="aside-learning-course-card__duration duration">1h 23m</div> <icon class="base-aside-card__play-button w-auto play-button overlay-center" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9n9raq7fmdu241tpsxwodsmcd" data-svg-class-name="base-aside-card__play-button-svg"></icon> </div> <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative"> Sustainability for Design, Construction, and 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duration">53m</div> <icon class="base-aside-card__play-button w-auto play-button overlay-center" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9n9raq7fmdu241tpsxwodsmcd" data-svg-class-name="base-aside-card__play-button-svg"></icon> </div> <div class="base-aside-card__info self-center pl-0.5 flex flex-col flex-1"> <h3 class="base-aside-card__title font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text relative"> Sustainability Foundations: Core Concepts  </h3>      </div>  </a> </li> </ul> <a href="https://in.linkedin.com/learning/?trk=seo_pp_d_cymbii_more_m015_learning" class="course-recommendations__view-all-link btn-md btn-secondary-emphasis inline-block" data-tracking-control-name="seo_pp_d_cymbii_more_m015_learning" data-tracking-will-navigate> See all courses </a> </div> </section>  </section> </main>  <footer class="li-footer bg-transparent w-full "> <ul class="li-footer__list flex flex-wrap flex-row items-start justify-start w-full h-auto min-h-[50px] my-[0px] mx-auto py-3 px-2 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class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-no_NO" data-locale="no_NO" role="menuitem" lang="no_NO"> Norsk (Norwegian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pa_IN" data-locale="pa_IN" role="menuitem" lang="pa_IN"> ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Polski (Polish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pl_PL" data-locale="pl_PL" role="menuitem" lang="pl_PL"> Polski (Polish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Português (Portuguese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pt_BR" data-locale="pt_BR" role="menuitem" lang="pt_BR"> Português (Portuguese) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Română (Romanian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ro_RO" data-locale="ro_RO" role="menuitem" lang="ro_RO"> Română (Romanian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Русский (Russian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ru_RU" data-locale="ru_RU" role="menuitem" lang="ru_RU"> Русский (Russian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Svenska (Swedish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-sv_SE" data-locale="sv_SE" role="menuitem" lang="sv_SE"> Svenska (Swedish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="తెలుగు (Telugu)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-te_IN" data-locale="te_IN" role="menuitem" lang="te_IN"> తెలుగు (Telugu) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="ภาษาไทย (Thai)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-th_TH" data-locale="th_TH" role="menuitem" lang="th_TH"> ภาษาไทย (Thai) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Tagalog (Tagalog)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-tl_PH" data-locale="tl_PH" role="menuitem" lang="tl_PH"> Tagalog (Tagalog) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Türkçe (Turkish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-tr_TR" data-locale="tr_TR" role="menuitem" lang="tr_TR"> Türkçe (Turkish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Українська (Ukrainian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-uk_UA" data-locale="uk_UA" role="menuitem" lang="uk_UA"> Українська (Ukrainian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-vi_VN" data-locale="vi_VN" role="menuitem" lang="vi_VN"> Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="简体中文 (Chinese 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flex flex-col items-center top-[20px] right-[20px] z-[9999]"> <div class="relative top-2 bg-color-background-container-tint pl-2 pr-1 pt-2 pb-3 w-[375px] rounded-md shadow-2xl"> <p class="text-md font-bold text-color-text"> Agree & Join LinkedIn </p> <p class="linkedin-tc__text text-color-text-low-emphasis text-xs pb-2 !text-sm !text-color-text" data-impression-id="public_profile_one-tap-skip-tc-text"> By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s <a href="/legal/user-agreement?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_user-agreement" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_user-agreement" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">User Agreement</a>, <a href="/legal/privacy-policy?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_privacy-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="linkedin-tc_auth-button_privacy-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Privacy Policy</a>, and <a href="/legal/cookie-policy?trk=linkedin-tc_auth-button_cookie-policy" target="_blank" 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style="display: none"></code> <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal base-contextual-sign-in-modal" data-impression-id="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal" data-cool-off-enabled data-show-on-page-load>  <div class>  <div id="base-contextual-sign-in-modal" class="modal modal--contextual-sign-in" data-outlet="base-contextual-sign-in-modal">  <div class="modal__overlay flex items-center bg-color-background-scrim justify-center fixed bottom-0 left-0 right-0 top-0 opacity-0 invisible pointer-events-none z-[1000] transition-[opacity] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.17s] py-4 " aria-hidden="true"> <section aria-modal="true" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="base-contextual-sign-in-modal-modal-header" tabindex="-1" class="max-h-full modal__wrapper overflow-auto p-0 bg-color-surface max-w-[1128px] min-h-[160px] relative scale-[0.25] shadow-sm shadow-color-border-faint transition-[transform] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.33s] focus:outline-0 w-[1128px] mamabear:w-[744px] babybear:w-[360px] rounded-md"> <button class="modal__dismiss btn-tertiary h-[40px] w-[40px] p-0 rounded-full indent-0 contextual-sign-in-modal__modal-dismiss absolute right-0 m-[20px] cursor-pointer" aria-label="Dismiss" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_modal_dismiss"> <icon class="contextual-sign-in-modal__modal-dismiss-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/gs508lg3t2o81tq7pmcgn6m2"></icon> </button> <div class="modal__main w-full"> <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal__screen contextual-sign-in-modal__context-screen flex flex-col my-4 mx-3"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-16 h-16 contextual-sign-in-modal__img m-auto" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4D03AQGzNDpFT46ieA/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1616044977068?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=1OvRIE-ix1L4sOauPR_i-e6H8xz0jCbTgJeLgFKipq4" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> <h2 class="contextual-sign-in-modal__context-screen-title font-sans text-xl text-color-text my-2 mx-4 text-center" id="base-contextual-sign-in-modal-modal-header"> View Arunabha’s full profile </h2>  <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal__btn-container m-auto w-[320px] babybear:w-full">  <div class="w-full max-w-[400px] mx-auto"> <div class="google-auth-button">  <div class="google-auth-button__placeholder " data-theme="filled_blue" data-logo-alignment="center"></div>  </div> </div> <div class="sign-in-modal" data-impression-id="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal"> <button class="sign-in-modal__outlet-btn cursor-pointer btn-md btn-primary btn-secondary" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_outlet-button" data-modal="base-sign-in-modal">  Sign in </button> <div class>  <div id="base-sign-in-modal" class="modal modal--sign-in" data-outlet="base-sign-in-modal">  <div class="modal__overlay flex items-center bg-color-background-scrim justify-center fixed bottom-0 left-0 right-0 top-0 opacity-0 invisible pointer-events-none z-[1000] transition-[opacity] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.17s] py-4 " aria-hidden="true"> <section aria-modal="true" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="base-sign-in-modal-modal-header" tabindex="-1" class="max-h-full modal__wrapper overflow-auto p-0 bg-color-surface max-w-[1128px] min-h-[160px] relative scale-[0.25] shadow-sm shadow-color-border-faint transition-[transform] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1.0)] duration-[0.33s] focus:outline-0 w-[1128px] mamabear:w-[744px] babybear:w-[360px] rounded-md"> <button class="modal__dismiss btn-tertiary h-[40px] w-[40px] p-0 rounded-full indent-0 sign-in-modal__dismiss absolute right-0 cursor-pointer m-[20px]" aria-label="Dismiss" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_dismiss"> <icon class="sign-in-modal__dismiss-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/gs508lg3t2o81tq7pmcgn6m2"></icon> </button> <div class="modal__main w-full"> <div class="sign-in-modal__screen flex flex-col py-4 w-[513px] babybear:w-full px-3"> <h2 class="sign-in-modal__header font-sans text-display-md text-color-text "> Welcome back </h2> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_show_text" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_show_label" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_hide_text" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_sign_in_form_hide_label" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_empty" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_too_long" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_username_error_too_short" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_empty" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_too_short" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_password_error_too_long" style="display: none"></code>  <form data-id="sign-in-form" action="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/login-submit" method="post" novalidate class="mt-1.5 mb-2"> <input name="loginCsrfParam" value="435f714f-b3c0-4666-8332-73da86f4d288" type="hidden"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <div class="mt-1.5" data-js-module-id="guest-input"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <label class="input-label mb-1" for="base-sign-in-modal_session_key"> Email or phone </label> <div class="text-input flex"> <input class="text-color-text font-sans text-md outline-0 bg-color-transparent grow" autocomplete="username" id="base-sign-in-modal_session_key" name="session_key" required data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-session-key" data-tracking-client-ingraph type="text"> </div> </div> <p class="input-helper mt-1.5" for="base-sign-in-modal_session_key" role="alert" data-js-module-id="guest-input__message"></p> </div> <div class="mt-1.5" data-js-module-id="guest-input"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <label class="input-label mb-1" for="base-sign-in-modal_session_password"> Password </label> <div class="text-input flex"> <input class="text-color-text font-sans text-md outline-0 bg-color-transparent grow" autocomplete="current-password" id="base-sign-in-modal_session_password" name="session_password" required data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-password" data-tracking-client-ingraph type="password"> <button aria-live="assertive" aria-relevant="text" data-id="sign-in-form__password-visibility-toggle" class="font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-action z-10 ml-[12px] hover:cursor-pointer" aria-label="Show your LinkedIn password" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-password-visibility-toggle-btn" type="button">Show</button> </div> </div> <p class="input-helper mt-1.5" for="base-sign-in-modal_session_password" role="alert" data-js-module-id="guest-input__message"></p> </div> <input name="session_redirect" value="https://in.linkedin.com/in/arunabhaghosh" type="hidden">  </div> <div data-id="sign-in-form__footer" class="flex justify-between sign-in-form__footer--full-width"> <a data-id="sign-in-form__forgot-password" class="font-sans text-md font-bold link leading-regular sign-in-form__forgot-password--full-width" href="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/request-password-reset?trk=public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_forgot_password" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_forgot_password" data-tracking-will-navigate>Forgot password?</a>  <input name="trk" value="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-submit" type="hidden"> <button class="btn-md btn-primary flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer sign-in-form__submit-btn--full-width" data-id="sign-in-form__submit-btn" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_sign-in-submit-btn" data-tracking-client-ingraph data-tracking-litms type="submit"> Sign in </button> </div> <div class="sign-in-form__divider left-right-divider pt-2 pb-3"> <p class="sign-in-form__divider-text font-sans text-sm text-color-text px-2"> or </p> </div> </form> <div class="w-full max-w-[400px] mx-auto"> <div class="google-auth-button" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_google-auth-button" data-tracking-client-ingraph> <code id="isTermsAndConditionsSkipEnabledAuthButton" style="display: none"></code> <p class="linkedin-tc__text text-color-text-low-emphasis text-xs pb-2" data-impression-id="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal__button-skip-tc-text"> By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s <a href="/legal/user-agreement?trk=public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_user-agreement" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_user-agreement" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">User Agreement</a>, <a href="/legal/privacy-policy?trk=public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_privacy-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_privacy-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Privacy Policy</a>, and <a href="/legal/cookie-policy?trk=public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_cookie-policy" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_auth-button_cookie-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate="true">Cookie Policy</a>. </p> <div class="google-auth-button__placeholder google-auth-button__placeholder--black-border" data-theme="outline" data-logo-alignment="center"></div>  </div> </div>  <p class="sign-in-modal__join-now m-auto font-sans text-md text-color-text mt-2"> New to LinkedIn? <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/public-profile-join?vieweeVanityName=arunabhaghosh&trk=public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-control-name="public_profile_contextual-sign-in-modal_sign-in-modal_join-link" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="sign-in-modal__join-link">Join now</a> </p> </div> </div>  </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="contextual-sign-in-modal__divider left-right-divider"> <p class="contextual-sign-in-modal__divider-text font-sans text-sm text-color-text px-2"> or </p> </div> </div> <p class="contextual-sign-in-modal__join-now m-auto font-sans text-md text-color-text my-1"> New to LinkedIn? <a 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Arunabha Ghosh - Council on Energy, Environment and Water | LinkedIn