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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastrointestinal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Gastrointestinal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastrointestinal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liver" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liver"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Liver </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liver-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lungs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lungs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Lungs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lungs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Blood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Skin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Precautions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precautions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Precautions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Precautions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Precautions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Precautions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Disease-related_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disease-related_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Disease-related concerns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disease-related_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Children </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drug_tests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drug_tests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Drug tests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drug_tests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancer-causing_due_to_inherent_instability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancer-causing_due_to_inherent_instability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Cancer-causing due to inherent instability </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancer-causing_due_to_inherent_instability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_recalls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_recalls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1 List of recalls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_recalls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Pharmacology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Pharmacology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mechanism_of_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanism_of_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Mechanism of action </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanism_of_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacokinetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacokinetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Pharmacokinetics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharmacokinetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elderly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elderly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Elderly </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elderly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Children_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Children </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Preparations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ranitidine</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" > 38 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86" title="رانيتيدين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رانيتيدين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="رانیتیدین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رانیتیدین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="রেনিটিডিন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেনিটিডিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidin" title="Ranitidin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ranitidin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidin" title="Ranitidin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ranitidin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Ρανιτιδίνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρανιτιδίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidina" title="Ranitidina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ranitidina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erranitidina" title="Erranitidina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erranitidina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="رانیتیدین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رانیتیدین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidine" title="Ranitidine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ranitidine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%8B%88%ED%8B%B0%EB%94%98" title="라니티딘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라니티딘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidine" title="Ranitidine – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ranitidine" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ռանիտիդին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռանիտիդին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidin" title="Ranitidin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ranitidin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidin" title="Ranitidin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ranitidin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidina" title="Ranitidina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ranitidina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რანიტიდინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რანიტიდინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidin" title="Ranitidin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ranitidin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ранитидин – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ранитидин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidine" title="Ranitidine – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ranitidine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8B%E3%83%81%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3" title="ラニチジン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラニチジン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8" title="ରାନିଟିଡିନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରାନିଟିଡିନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86" title="رانيتيدين – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رانيتيدين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitydyna" title="Ranitydyna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ranitydyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidina" title="Ranitidina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ranitidina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidin%C4%83" title="Ranitidină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ranitidină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ранитидин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ранитидин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidin" title="Ranitidin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ranitidin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidin" title="Ranitidin – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ranitidin" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidin" title="Ranitidin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ranitidin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidin" title="Ranitidin – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ranitidin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidiini" title="Ranitidiini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranitidiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="แรนิทิดีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แรนิทิดีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidin" title="Ranitidin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ranitidin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ранітидин – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ранітидин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="رانیٹیڈین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رانیٹیڈین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidine" title="Ranitidine – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ranitidine" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%BC%E6%9B%BF%E4%B8%81" title="雷尼替丁 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="雷尼替丁" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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img{background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .dark_mode_safe img{background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title">Ranitidine</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Ranitidine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ranitidine.svg/250px-Ranitidine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ranitidine.svg/375px-Ranitidine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ranitidine.svg/500px-Ranitidine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="437" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Ranitidine-A-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Ranitidine-A-3D-balls.png/250px-Ranitidine-A-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Ranitidine-A-3D-balls.png/375px-Ranitidine-A-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Ranitidine-A-3D-balls.png/500px-Ranitidine-A-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="649" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Zantac,<a href="#cite_note-Zantac_FDA_label-1">[1]</a> others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Dimethyl [(5-{[(2-{[1-(methylamino)-2-nitroethenyl]amino}ethyl)sulfanyl]methyl}furan-2-yl)methyl]amine, ranitidine hydrochloride (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_Accepted_Name" title="Japanese Accepted Name">JAN</a> <abbr title="Japan">JP</abbr>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ranitidine-hydrochloride.html">Monograph</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601106.html">a601106</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr> <a href="/wiki/DailyMed" title="DailyMed">DailyMed</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Ranitidine">Ranitidine</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>: B1<a href="#cite_note-RanitidinePregnancy-2">[2]</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">By mouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">intravenous</a> (IV)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_class" title="Drug class">Drug class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H2_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="H2 antagonist">Histamine H2 receptor antagonist</a>, aka H2 blocker<a href="#cite_note-Zantac_FDA_label-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A02" title="ATC code A02">A02BA02</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=A02BA02">WHO</a>) <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A02" title="ATC code A02">A02BA07</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=A02BA07">WHO</a>) (ranitidine bismuth citrate)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only) / S2 (Pharmacy Medicine)</li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="Canada">CA</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug"> ℞-only</a> / OTC<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">POM</a> (Prescription only) / GSL/ P<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">℞-only</a> / OTC<a href="#cite_note-Zantac_FDA_label-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="European Union">EU</abbr>: Rx-only<a href="#cite_note-CHMP_withdrawl-11">[11]</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetic</a> data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">50% (<a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">by mouth</a>)<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">Protein binding</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">Metabolism</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">Liver</a>: <a href="/wiki/Flavin-containing_monooxygenase" title="Flavin-containing monooxygenase">FMOs</a>, including <a href="/wiki/FMO3" class="mw-redirect" title="FMO3">FMO3</a>; other enzymes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Onset_of_action" title="Onset of action">Onset of action</a></th><td class="infobox-data">55–65 minutes (150 mg dose)<a href="#cite_note-pmid12144582-13">[13]</a> 55–115 minutes (75 mg dose)<a href="#cite_note-pmid12144582-13">[13]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">Elimination half-life</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2–3 hours</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">Excretion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">30–70% <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidney</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">N-(2-[(5-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]furan-2-yl)methylthio]ethyl)-N'-methyl-2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=66357-35-5">66357-35-5</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li><li>HCl: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=66357-59-3">66357-59-3</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3001055">3001055</a></li><li>HCl: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3033332">3033332</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_Pharmacology" title="Guide to Pharmacology">IUPHAR/BPS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1234">1234</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00863">DB00863</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li><li>HCl: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DBSALT000487">DBSALT000487</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4863.html">4863</a> <img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" />N</li><li>HCl: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.43590.html">43590</a> <img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" />N</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/884KT10YB7">884KT10YB7</a></li><li>HCl: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/BK76465IHM">BK76465IHM</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00422">D00422</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li><li>HCl: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00673">D00673</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:8776">CHEBI:8776</a> <img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" />N</li><li>HCl: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:8777">CHEBI:8777</a> <img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" />N</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL1790041">ChEMBL1790041</a> <img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" />N</li><li>HCl: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL2110372">ChEMBL2110372</a> <img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" />N</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> (<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID8045191">DTXSID8045191</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423037#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard">ECHA InfoCard</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.060.283">100.060.283</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423037#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data">C13H22N4O3S</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data">314.40 g·mol−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=CNC%28%3DC%5BN%2B%5D%28%3DO%29%5BO-%5D%29NCCSCC1%3DCC%3DC%28O1%29CN%28C%29C">Interactive image</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">CNC(=C[N+](=O)[O-])NCCSCC1=CC=C(O1)CN(C)C</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C13H22N4O3S/c1-14-13(9-17(18)19)15-6-7-21-10-12-5-4-11(20-12)8-16(2)3/h4-5,9,14-15H,6-8,10H2,1-3H3 <img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" />N</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:VMXUWOKSQNHOCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N <img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" />N</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style> <img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" />N<img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">(what is this?)</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">  <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=458460406&page2=Ranitidine">(verify)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Ranitidine, previously sold under the brand name Zantac<a href="#cite_note-14">[a]</a> among others, is a <a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">medication</a> used to decrease <a href="/wiki/Gastric_acid" title="Gastric acid">stomach acid</a> production.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-12">[12]</a> It was commonly used in treatment of <a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer_disease" title="Peptic ulcer disease">peptic ulcer disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease" title="Gastroesophageal reflux disease">gastroesophageal reflux disease</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zollinger%E2%80%93Ellison_syndrome" title="Zollinger–Ellison syndrome">Zollinger–Ellison syndrome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-12">[12]</a> It can be given by <a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">mouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intramuscular" class="mw-redirect" title="Intramuscular">injection into a muscle</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">injection into a vein</a>. In September 2019, the probable <a href="/wiki/Carcinogen" title="Carcinogen">carcinogen</a> <a href="/wiki/N-Nitrosodimethylamine" title="N-Nitrosodimethylamine">N-nitrosodimethylamine</a> (NDMA) was discovered in ranitidine products from a number of manufacturers, resulting in recalls.<a href="#cite_note-HealthCanada-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA2019NDMA-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-EMA1-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_NDMA_ranitidine-18">[17]</a> In April 2020, ranitidine was withdrawn from the United States market and suspended in the European Union and Australia due to these concerns.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_Q&A-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_removal_PR-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-EU_suspension_PR-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-CHMP_withdrawl-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-2021NIH-23">[22]</a> In 2022, these concerns were confirmed in a Taiwanese nationwide population study finding "significant trends of increased liver cancer risk with an increasing dose of ranitidine" (up to 22% higher than control) and increased gastric, pancreatic, lung<a href="#cite_note-25">[b]</a> and overall<a href="#cite_note-26">[c]</a> cancer risk.<a href="#cite_note-taiwanstudy-24">[23]</a> Common side effects include <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headaches</a>, and pain or burning sensation if given by injection.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-12">[12]</a> Serious side effects may include cancer,<a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> liver problems, a <a href="/wiki/Bradycardia" title="Bradycardia">slow heart rate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>, and the potential of masking <a href="/wiki/Stomach_cancer" title="Stomach cancer">stomach cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-12">[12]</a> It is also linked to an increased risk of <a href="/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile_infection" title="Clostridioides difficile infection">Clostridioides difficile colitis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> Ranitidine is an <a href="/wiki/H2_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="H2 antagonist">H2 histamine receptor antagonist</a> that works by blocking <a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">histamine</a>, thus decreasing the amount of acid released by cells of the stomach.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-12">[12]</a> Ranitidine was discovered in England in 1976 and came into commercial use in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a> It is on the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO21st-30">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHO22nd-31">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a> It has been withdrawn at regulator request from most markets, including the United States;<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-12">[12]</a> according to the UK <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">NHS</a>, it has been discontinued globally.<a href="#cite_note-:1-33">[30]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Former_medical_uses">Former medical uses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Former medical uses">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Relief of <a href="/wiki/Heartburn" title="Heartburn">heartburn</a><a href="#cite_note-Zantac_FDA_label-1">[1]</a></li> <li>Short-term and maintenance therapy of gastric and <a href="/wiki/Duodenal_ulcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Duodenal ulcer">duodenal ulcers</a><a href="#cite_note-Zantac_FDA_label-1">[1]</a></li> <li>With <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" title="Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug">nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</a> (NSAIDs) to reduce the risk of ulceration<a href="#cite_note-Zantac_FDA_label-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Proton-pump_inhibitor" title="Proton-pump inhibitor">Proton-pump inhibitors</a> (PPIs) are more effective for the prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers.<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a></li> <li>Pathologic gastrointestinal (GI) hypersecretory conditions such as Zollinger–Ellison syndrome</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease" title="Gastroesophageal reflux disease">Gastroesophageal reflux disease</a> (GORD or GERD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erosive_esophagitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Erosive esophagitis">Erosive esophagitis</a></li> <li>Part of a multidrug regimen for <a href="/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori" title="Helicobacter pylori">Helicobacter pylori</a> eradication to minimise the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence</li> <li>Recurrent postoperative ulcer</li> <li>Upper GI bleeding</li> <li>For prevention of acid-aspiration pneumonitis during surgery, it can be administered preoperatively. The drug increases gastric <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a>, but generally has no effect on gastric volume. In a 2009 meta-analysis comparing the net benefit of PPIs and ranitidine to reduce the risk of aspiration before anaesthesia, ranitidine was found to be more effective than PPIs in reducing the volume of gastric secretions.<a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a> Ranitidine may have an anti-emetic effect when administered preoperatively.</li> <li>Prevention of <a href="/wiki/Stress_ulcer" title="Stress ulcer">stress-induced ulcers</a> in critically ill patients<a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a></li> <li>Used together with <a href="/wiki/Diphenhydramine" title="Diphenhydramine">diphenhydramine</a> as secondary treatment for <a href="/wiki/Anaphylaxis" title="Anaphylaxis">anaphylaxis</a>; after first-line <a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">epinephrine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AAFP2003-37">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-AAP2017-38">[35]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contraindication">Contraindication</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contraindication">edit</a>]</div> Ranitidine has been discontinued globally, according to the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">NHS</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:1-33">[30]</a> and is contraindicated due to excess cancer risk and the ready availability of <a href="/wiki/H2_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="H2 antagonist">H2 antagonist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proton-pump_inhibitor" title="Proton-pump inhibitor">PPI alternatives</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adverse_effects">Adverse effects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Adverse effects">edit</a>]</div> These adverse effects for ranitidine have been reported as events in clinical trials: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_nervous_system">Central nervous system</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Central nervous system">edit</a>]</div> Rare reports have been made of ranitidine causing <a href="/wiki/Malaise" title="Malaise">malaise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dizziness" title="Dizziness">dizziness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somnolence" title="Somnolence">somnolence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insomnia" title="Insomnia">insomnia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vertigo" title="Vertigo">vertigo</a>. In severely ill, elderly patients, cases of reversible mental confusion, agitation, depression, and <a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">hallucinations</a> have been reported.<a href="#cite_note-Zantac_FDA_label-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cardiovascular">Cardiovascular</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cardiovascular">edit</a>]</div> Arrhythmias such as <a href="/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia">tachycardia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bradycardia" title="Bradycardia">bradycardia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atrioventricular_block" title="Atrioventricular block">atrioventricular block</a>, and premature ventricular beats have also been reported.<a href="#cite_note-Zantac_FDA_label-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastrointestinal">Gastrointestinal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gastrointestinal">edit</a>]</div> All drugs in the <a href="/wiki/H2_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="H2 antagonist">H2 receptor blocker</a> class of medicines have the potential to cause vitamin B12 deficiency, secondary to a reduction in food-bound vitamin B12 absorption.<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a> Elderly patients taking H2 receptor antagonists are more likely to require B12 supplementation than those not taking such drugs.<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> H2 blockers may also reduce the absorption of drugs (azole antifungals, calcium carbonate) that require an acidic stomach.<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> In addition, multiple studies suggest the use of H2 receptor antagonists such as ranitidine may increase the risk of infectious diarrhoea, including traveller's diarrhoea and salmonellosis.<a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid7906170-43">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid8601113-44">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a> A 2005 study found that by suppressing acid-mediated breakdown of proteins, ranitidine may lead to an elevated risk of developing food or drug allergies, due to undigested proteins then passing into the GI tract, where sensitisation occurs. Patients who take these agents develop higher levels of <a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin_E" title="Immunoglobulin E">immunoglobulin E</a> against food, whether they had prior antibodies or not.<a href="#cite_note-pmid15671152-47">[44]</a> Even months after discontinuation, an elevated level of IgE in 6% of patients was still found in the study.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">medical citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liver">Liver</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Liver">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Cholestatic_hepatitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholestatic hepatitis">Cholestatic hepatitis</a>, liver failure, hepatitis, and <a href="/wiki/Jaundice" title="Jaundice">jaundice</a> have been noted, and require immediate discontinuation of the drug.<a href="#cite_note-Zantac_FDA_label-1">[1]</a> Blood tests can reveal an increase in <a href="/wiki/Liver_enzymes" class="mw-redirect" title="Liver enzymes">liver enzymes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Eosinophilia" title="Eosinophilia">eosinophilia</a>, although in rare instances, severe cases of <a href="/wiki/Hepatotoxicity" title="Hepatotoxicity">hepatotoxicity</a> may require a liver <a href="/wiki/Biopsy" title="Biopsy">biopsy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lungs">Lungs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lungs">edit</a>]</div> Ranitidine and other <a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">histamine</a> H2 receptor antagonists may increase the risk of <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> in hospitalised patients.<a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a> Ranitidine increases the risk of community-acquired pneumonia in adults and children.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16651285-50">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-51">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blood">Blood</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Blood">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Thrombocytopenia" title="Thrombocytopenia">Thrombocytopenia</a> is a rare but known side effect. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia usually takes weeks or months to appear, but may appear within 12 hours of drug intake in a sensitised individual. Typically, the platelet count falls to 80% of normal, and thrombocytopenia may be associated with neutropenia and <a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">anemia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid21455428-52">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skin">Skin</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Skin">edit</a>]</div> Rash, including rare cases of <a href="/wiki/Erythema_multiforme" title="Erythema multiforme">erythema multiforme</a>, and rare cases of hair loss and vasculitis have been seen.<a href="#cite_note-Zantac_FDA_label-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Precautions">Precautions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Precautions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disease-related_concerns">Disease-related concerns</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Disease-related concerns">edit</a>]</div> Relief of symptoms due to the use of ranitidine does not exclude the presence of a gastric malignancy. In addition, with kidney or liver impairment, ranitidine must be used with caution. It should be avoided in patients with <a href="/wiki/Porphyria" title="Porphyria">porphyria</a>, as it may precipitate an attack.<a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children">Children</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Children">edit</a>]</div> In children, the use of gastric acid inhibitors has been associated with an increased risk for development of acute gastroenteritis and community-acquired pneumonia.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16651285-50">[47]</a> A cohort analysis including over 11,000 neonates reported an association of H2 blocker use, and an increased incidence of <a href="/wiki/Necrotizing_enterocolitis" title="Necrotizing enterocolitis">necrotizing enterocolitis</a> in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) neonates.<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a> In addition, about a six-fold increase in mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis, and infection such as <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a>, pneumonia, <a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection" title="Urinary tract infection">urinary tract infection</a> was reported in patients receiving ranitidine in a cohort analysis of 274 VLBW neonates.<a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drug_tests">Drug tests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Drug tests">edit</a>]</div> Ranitidine may return a <a href="/wiki/False_positive" class="mw-redirect" title="False positive">false positive</a> result with some commercial urine drug screening kits for testing for drugs of abuse.<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancer-causing_due_to_inherent_instability">Cancer-causing due to inherent instability</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cancer-causing due to inherent instability">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Valsartan#recalls" title="Valsartan">Valsartan § recalls</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Angiotensin_II_receptor_blocker#recalls" title="Angiotensin II receptor blocker">Angiotensin II receptor blocker § recalls</a></div> In June 2019, <a href="/wiki/Valisure" title="Valisure">Valisure</a> informed the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) that <a href="/wiki/Zantac_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Zantac (disambiguation)">Zantac</a>-branded and generic ranitidine resulted in very high levels of NDMA in the human body "due to an inherent instability of the ranitidine molecule".<a href="#cite_note-OG-alert-58">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA-2019-P-4281-dkt-59">[56]</a> In September 2019, the FDA acknowledged that ranitidine medicines, including some products sold under the brand name Zantac, contained a <a href="/wiki/Nitrosamine" title="Nitrosamine">nitrosamine</a> impurity called <a href="/wiki/N-Nitrosodimethylamine" title="N-Nitrosodimethylamine">N-nitrosodimethylamine</a> (NDMA), classified as a probable human carcinogen, at unacceptable levels.<a href="#cite_note-FDA2019NDMA-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_Q&A-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Health_Canada" title="Health Canada">Health Canada</a> announced that it was assessing NDMA in ranitidine<a href="#cite_note-HealthCanada-15">[14]</a> and requested that manufacturers stop the distribution of ranitidine products in Canada until the NDMA levels in the products are found to be safe.<a href="#cite_note-Health_Canada-61">[58]</a> Health Canada announced that ranitidine drugs were being recalled by Sandoz Canada, Apotex Inc., Pro Doc Limitée, Sanis Health Inc., and Sivem Pharmaceuticals ULC.<a href="#cite_note-Health_Canada-61">[58]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency" title="European Medicines Agency">European Medicines Agency</a> (EMA) started a <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>-wide review of ranitidine medicines at the request of the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EMA1-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-EMA2-62">[59]</a> In October 2019, the US. FDA observed that the third-party laboratory that found very high levels of NDMA was using higher temperatures in its tests to detect nitrosamine impurities. The NDMA was mostly generated by the added heat, but the higher temperatures are recommended for using a <a href="/wiki/Gas_chromatography%E2%80%93mass_spectrometry" title="Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry">gas chromatography–mass spectrometry</a> method to test for NDMA in <a href="/wiki/Valsartan" title="Valsartan">valsartan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angiotensin_II_receptor_blocker" title="Angiotensin II receptor blocker">angiotensin II receptor blockers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a> The FDA stated that it recommends using a <a href="/wiki/Liquid_chromatography%E2%80%93mass_spectrometry" title="Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry">Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry</a> (LC-HRMS) testing protocol to test samples of ranitidine.<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> Its LC-HRMS testing method does not use elevated temperatures, and has shown the presence of much lower levels of NDMA in ranitidine medicines than were reported by the third-party laboratory. International regulators using similar LC-MS testing methods have also shown the presence of lower but still unacceptable levels of NDMA in ranitidine samples.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_NDMA_ranitidine-18">[17]</a> The FDA provided additional guidance about using another LC-MS method based on a triple-quadrupole MS platform.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_NDMA_ranitidine-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a> In September 2019, Sandoz issued a "precautionary distribution stop" of all medicines containing ranitidine,<a href="#cite_note-SandozStop-66">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a> followed a few days later by a recall of ranitidine hydrochloride capsules in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> The Italian Medicines Agency recalled all ranitidine that uses an <a href="/wiki/Active_ingredient" title="Active ingredient">active pharmaceutical ingredient</a> from Saraca Laboratories.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> The Federal Union of German Associations of Pharmacists (Arzneimittelkommission der Deutschen Apotheker) published a list of recalled products,<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> as did the <a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_Goods_Administration" title="Therapeutic Goods Administration">Therapeutic Goods Administration</a> in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> In November 2019, the FDA stated that its tests found levels of NDMA in ranitidine and nizatidine that are similar to those that one may typically ingest with common foods such as grilled or smoked meats.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_Statement-76">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_Lab_tests-77">[74]</a> The FDA also stated that its simulated gastric fluid model tests and simulated intestinal fluid model tests indicated that NDMA is not formed when exposed to acid in the stomach with a normal diet.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_Statement-76">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_Lab_tests-77">[74]</a> The FDA advised companies to recall their ranitidine if testing shows levels of NDMA above the acceptable daily intake (96 nanograms per day or 0.32 parts per million for ranitidine).<a href="#cite_note-FDA_NDMA_ranitidine-18">[17]</a> At the same time, it indicated that some levels of NDMA found in medicines still exceeded the agency's acceptable levels.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_Statement-76">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_Lab_tests-77">[74]</a> In December 2019, the FDA asked manufacturers of ranitidine and nizatidine products to expand their NDMA testing to include all lots of the medication before making them available to consumers.<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> By the end of 2019, ranitidine had already fallen from the 40th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States in 2018, to 53rd place for 2019, with about 13.6 million prescriptions for the year, versus nearly 19 million the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a> This reflects total prescriptions for all of 2019, while safety concerns affected sales in only the final 4 months of the year. In April 2020, new FDA testing and evaluation prompted by information from third-party laboratories confirmed that NDMA levels increase in ranitidine even under normal storage conditions, and NDMA has been found to increase significantly in samples stored at higher temperatures, including those at which the product may be exposed during distribution and handling by consumers.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_removal_PR-20">[19]</a> The testing also showed that the level of NDMA increases as ranitidine medication ages.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_removal_PR-20">[19]</a> These conditions may raise the NDMA level above the acceptable daily intake limit.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_removal_PR-20">[19]</a> The EMA completed and issued their EU-wide review at the end of the month and the European Commission suspended all ranitidine products in the EU.<a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a> In August 2020, the EMA provided guidance to marketing authorization holders for avoiding the presence of nitrosamine impurities and asked them to review all chemical and biological human medicines for the presence of nitrosamines and to test the products at risk.<a href="#cite_note-EMA_Nitrosamine_impurities-81">[78]</a> In September 2020, the FDA issued guidance about the control of nitrosamine impurities in human drugs.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> An implementation plan was issued in February 2021.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> In 2022, these concerns were confirmed in a Taiwanese nationwide population study finding "significant trends of increased liver cancer risk with an increasing dose of ranitidine" (22% higher than control) and increased gastric, pancreatic, lung (26%, 35%, and 17% respectively), but "only liver cancer displayed a significant association with long-term ranitidine use" and "there was no continuous dose–response relationship among the other individual cancers".<a href="#cite_note-taiwanstudy-24">[23]</a> Overall cancer risk also increased by 10% (p < 0.001).<a href="#cite_note-taiwanstudy-24">[23]</a> The FDA issued revised guidelines about nitrosamine impurities in September 2024.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_recalls">List of recalls</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: List of recalls">edit</a>]</div> In September 2019, <a href="/wiki/Apotex" title="Apotex">Apotex</a> recalled all <a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_drug" title="Over-the-counter drug">over-the-counter</a> ranitidine tablets sold in the United States at <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rite_Aid" title="Rite Aid">Rite Aid</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walgreens" title="Walgreens">Walgreens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> These retailers, along with <a href="/wiki/CVS_Pharmacy" title="CVS Pharmacy">CVS</a>, removed Zantac and some generics from their shelves.<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a> In October 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> of the United Kingdom (UK) issued a drug alert for ranitidine "... to proactively communicate the recall to hospitals, pharmacies, dispensing practices, retailers and wholesalers in the UK."<a href="#cite_note-GSK-UK-94">[91]</a> This included all Zantac-branded preparations,<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a> along with all generic preparations of ranitidine from Teva UK Limited,<a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Limited,<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> Omega Pharma Limited and Galpharm International Limited,<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> Perrigo Company plc,<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> Creo Pharma Limited and Tillomed Laboratories Limited,<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> OTC Concepts Ltd, Relonchem Ltd, Noumed Life Sciences Ltd, and Medreich Plc.,<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> Accord Healthcare,<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> Medley Pharma Limited,<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> and Medreich Plc.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> In October 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Social_Care" title="Department of Health and Social Care">Department of Health and Social Care</a> of the United Kingdom issued a supply distribution alert (SDA/2019/005) for all oral formulations of ranitidine.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> In October 2019, <a href="/wiki/Sanofi" title="Sanofi">Sanofi</a> recalled all over-the-counter Zantac in the United States and Canada,<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_NDMA_ranitidine-18">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Perrigo" title="Perrigo">Perrigo</a> issued a worldwide recall of ranitidine,<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_NDMA_ranitidine-18">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dr._Reddy%27s_Laboratories" title="Dr. Reddy's Laboratories">Dr. Reddy's</a> issued a recall of all ranitidine products in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_NDMA_ranitidine-18">[17]</a> and Novitium Pharma recalled all ranitidine hydrochloride capsules in the US.<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_NDMA_ranitidine-18">[17]</a> In November 2019, <a href="/wiki/Aurobindo_Pharma" title="Aurobindo Pharma">Aurobindo Pharma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amneal_Pharmaceuticals" title="Amneal Pharmaceuticals">Amneal Pharmaceuticals</a>, American Health Packaging, Golden State Medical Supply, and Precision Dose recalled some lots of ranitidine tablets, capsules, and syrup.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> In December 2019, Glenmark Pharmaceutical Inc., USA, recalled some lots of ranitidine tablets.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> In January 2020, Appco Pharma LLC and Northwind Pharmaceuticals recalled some lots of ranitidine tablets and capsules.<a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a> In February 2020, American Health Packaging recalled some lots of ranitidine tablets manufactured by Amneal Pharmaceuticals.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-123">[120]</a> In April 2020, the FDA requested a manufacturer's market withdrawal of ranitidine,<a href="#cite_note-FDA_removal_PR-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> meaning that ranitidine products would not be available for prescription or over-the-counter sale in the US.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_Q&A-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_removal_PR-20">[19]</a> In April 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Medicinal_Products_for_Human_Use" title="Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use">Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use</a> (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency recommended the suspension of all ranitidine medicines in the European Union because of the presence of unacceptable levels of NDMA.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-CHMP_withdrawl-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-EU_suspension_PR-21">[20]</a> A ranitidine manufacturer requested a re-examination of the decision,<a href="#cite_note-CHMP_withdrawl-11">[11]</a> but in December 2020, the EMA confirmed its recommendation to suspend all ranitidine medicines in the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-CHMP_withdrawl-11">[11]</a> The UK <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> (NHS) Web site as of December 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit">[update]</a> said "Ranitidine is not currently available in the UK or globally... It's not yet known whether it will be available again in future." A March 2024 review left the message up.<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> In 2021, Solara Active Pharma Sciences, which supplies ranitidine active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), said that it had mitigated the risks of the formation of NDMA during the manufacturing of ranitidine API. The company was granted a revised certificate by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and Healthcare, which proves that the API complies with certain European rules.<a href="#cite_note-:2-127">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline" class="mw-redirect" title="GlaxoSmithKline">GlaxoSmithKline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanofi" title="Sanofi">Sanofi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Teva_Pharmaceuticals" title="Teva Pharmaceuticals">Teva</a> said they had no plans to reintroduce the drug in the EU, but <a href="/wiki/Accord_Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Accord Healthcare">Accord Healthcare</a> considered the possible reintroduction of ranitidine.<a href="#cite_note-:2-127">[124]</a> However a control strategy regarding NDMA formation through the end of the product’s shelf life, despite heat, time and digestion due to endogenous formation from the API, would be required.<a href="#cite_note-:2-127">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Pharmacology">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanism_of_action">Mechanism of action</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Mechanism of action">edit</a>]</div> Ranitidine is a competitive, reversible inhibitor of the action of histamine at the histamine H2 receptors found in gastric parietal cells. This results in decreased gastric acid secretion and gastric volume, and reduced hydrogen ion concentration.<a href="#cite_note-Morgan_Ahlawat2023-128">[125]</a> Ranitidine's acid-lowering effect is more pronounced for basal and nocturnal acid secretion than it is for food-stimulated acid secretion. Additional indirect effects of ranitidine are decreased pepsin secretion and increased nitrate-reducing bacterial flora.<a href="#cite_note-Morgan_Ahlawat2023-128">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Pharmacokinetics">edit</a>]</div> Oral absorption: 50%<a href="#cite_note-Morgan_Ahlawat2023-128">[125]</a> Protein binding: 15%<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> Metabolism: The major metabolite in the urine is ranitidine N-oxide, which represents less than 4% of the dose. Other metabolites of ranitidine include ranitidine S-oxide (1%) and desmethyl ranitidine (1%).<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> Half-life elimination: With normal renal function, ranitidine taken orally has a half-life of 2.5–3.0 hours.<a href="#cite_note-Morgan_Ahlawat2023-128">[125]</a> If taken intravenously, the half-life is generally 2.0–2.5 hours in a patient with normal kidney function and normal <a href="/wiki/Creatinine" title="Creatinine">creatinine</a> clearance.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">medical citation needed</a>] In patients with kidney dysfunction, the half-life may increase to 4 to 5 hours.<a href="#cite_note-Morgan_Ahlawat2023-128">[125]</a> Excretion: The primary route of excretion is the urine.<a href="#cite_note-Morgan_Ahlawat2023-128">[125]</a> In addition, about 30% of the orally administered dose is collected in the urine as unabsorbed drug in 24 hours.<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elderly">Elderly</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Elderly">edit</a>]</div> In the elderly population, the plasma half-life of ranitidine is prolonged to 3–4 hours secondary to decreased kidney function causing decreased <a href="/wiki/Clearance_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clearance (medicine)">clearance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Zantac_FDA_label-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Children_2">Children</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Children">edit</a>]</div> In general, studies of pediatric patients (aged one month to 16 years) have shown no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameter values in comparison to healthy adults, when correction is made for body weight.<a href="#cite_note-Zantac_FDA_label-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zantac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Zantac.jpg/220px-Zantac.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Zantac.jpg/330px-Zantac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Zantac.jpg/440px-Zantac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1323" data-file-height="1708" /></a><figcaption>Zantac 300 mg tablets from <a href="/wiki/GSK_plc" title="GSK plc">GlaxoSmithKline</a> (GSK) as sold in Australia</figcaption></figure> Ranitidine was first prepared in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> as AH19065 by John Bradshaw in the summer of 1977 in the <a href="/wiki/Ware,_Hertfordshire" title="Ware, Hertfordshire">Ware</a> research laboratories of <a href="/wiki/Allen_and_Hanburys" class="mw-redirect" title="Allen and Hanburys">Allen and Hanburys</a>, part of the former <a href="/wiki/Glaxo" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaxo">Glaxo</a> organisation.<a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> Its development was a response to the first in class histamine H2 receptor antagonist, <a href="/wiki/Cimetidine" title="Cimetidine">cimetidine</a>, developed by <a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Black" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir James Black">Sir James Black</a> at <a href="/wiki/Smith,_Kline_and_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Smith, Kline and French">Smith, Kline and French</a>, and launched in the United Kingdom as Tagamet in November 1976. Both companies eventually merged as <a href="/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline" class="mw-redirect" title="GlaxoSmithKline">GlaxoSmithKline</a> (GSK), following a sequence of mergers and acquisitions, starting with the integration of Allen and Hanbury's Ltd and Glaxo to form Glaxo Group Research in 1979, and ultimately with the merger of Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham in 2000. Ranitidine was the result of a <a href="/wiki/Drug_design#Rational_drug_discovery" title="Drug design">rational drug-design</a> process using what was by then a fairly refined model of the histamine H2 receptor and <a href="/wiki/QSAR" class="mw-redirect" title="QSAR">quantitative structure-activity relationships</a>. Glaxo refined the model further, by replacing the <a href="/wiki/Imidazole" title="Imidazole">imidazole</a> ring of cimetidine with a <a href="/wiki/Furan" title="Furan">furan</a> ring with a <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>-containing substituent, and in doing so developed ranitidine. Ranitidine was found to have a far-improved tolerability profile (i.e. fewer <a href="/wiki/Adverse_drug_reaction" title="Adverse drug reaction">adverse drug reactions</a>), longer-lasting action, and 10 times the activity of cimetidine. Ranitidine has 10% of the affinity that cimetidine has to <a href="/wiki/CYP450" class="mw-redirect" title="CYP450">CYP450</a>, so it causes fewer side effects, but other H2 blockers <a href="/wiki/Famotidine" title="Famotidine">famotidine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nizatidine" title="Nizatidine">nizatidine</a> have no CYP450 significant interactions.<a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> Ranitidine was introduced in 1981, and was the world's biggest-selling prescription drug by 1987.<a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a> Subsequently, it was largely superseded by the more effective <a href="/wiki/Proton-pump_inhibitor" title="Proton-pump inhibitor">proton-pump inhibitor</a> (PPI) class of drugs, with <a href="/wiki/Omeprazole" title="Omeprazole">omeprazole</a> becoming the biggest-selling drug for many years.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] When omeprazole and ranitidine were compared in a study of 144 people with severe inflammation and erosions or ulcers of the oesophagus, 85% of those treated with omeprazole healed within eight weeks, compared with 50% of those given ranitidine. In addition, the omeprazole group reported earlier relief of heartburn symptoms.<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a> In September 2019, the probable <a href="/wiki/Carcinogen" title="Carcinogen">carcinogen</a> <a href="/wiki/N-Nitrosodimethylamine" title="N-Nitrosodimethylamine">N-nitrosodimethylamine</a> (NDMA) was discovered in ranitidine products from a number of manufacturers, resulting in recalls; in April 2020, it was withdrawn from the United States market and suspended in Europe and Australia. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparations">Preparations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Preparations">edit</a>]</div> Preparations of ranitidine products include oral tablets (75, 150, and 300 mg), effervescent tablets, and syrups,<a href="#cite_note-Zantac_FDA_label-1">[1]</a> and injectable solutions;<a href="#cite_note-GSK-UK-94">[91]</a> with doses of specific ranitidine product preparations are available over-the-counter (OTC) in various countries. In the United Kingdom, only the lowest-strength, 75-mg tablet was available to purchase without a prescription.<a href="#cite_note-Zantac_FDA_label-1">[1]</a> In Australia, packs containing seven or 14 doses of the 150-mg tablet were available in supermarkets, small packs of 150-mg and 300-mg tablets were <a href="/wiki/SUSDP" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSDP">schedule 2 pharmacy medicines</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">medical citation needed</a>] Larger doses and pack sizes required a prescription.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">medical citation needed</a>] In the United States, 75- and 150-mg tablets were available OTC.<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a> In India, it is sold under multiple brand names.<a href="#cite_note-:0-51">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Zantac_FDA_label-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zantac_FDA_label_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zantac_FDA_label_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zantac_FDA_label_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zantac_FDA_label_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zantac_FDA_label_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zantac_FDA_label_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zantac_FDA_label_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zantac_FDA_label_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zantac_FDA_label_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zantac_FDA_label_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zantac_FDA_label_1-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zantac_FDA_label_1-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zantac_FDA_label_1-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zantac_FDA_label_1-13">n</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged. </li> <li id="cite_note-AHFS2015-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_12-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_12-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_12-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_12-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ranitidine-hydrochloride.html">"Ranitidine hydrochloride monograph"</a>. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909005129/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ranitidine-hydrochloride.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2017. 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U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 13 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190926210751/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/statement-alerting-patients-and-health-care-professionals-ndma-found-samples-ranitidine">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Statement+alerting+patients+and+health+care+professionals+of+NDMA+found+in+samples+of+ranitidine&rft.date=2019-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fnews-events%2Fpress-announcements%2Fstatement-alerting-patients-and-health-care-professionals-ndma-found-samples-ranitidine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-EMA1-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EMA1_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EMA1_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/ema-provide-guidance-avoiding-nitrosamines-human-medicines">"EMA to provide guidance on avoiding nitrosamines in human medicines"</a>. 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U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 28 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191029011848/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-updates-and-press-announcements-ndma-zantac-ranitidine">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2019. <q>FDA observed the testing method used by a third-party laboratory uses higher temperatures. The higher temperatures generated very high levels of NDMA from ranitidine products because of the test procedure. The FDA published the method for testing angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) for nitrosamine impurities. That method is not suitable for testing ranitidine because heating the sample generates NDMA. FDA recommends using an LC-HRMS testing protocol to test samples of ranitidine. FDA's LC-HRMS testing method does not use elevated temperatures and has shown the presence of much lower levels of NDMA in ranitidine medicines than reported by the third-party laboratory. 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Retrieved 20 September 2019. <q>Novartis on Wednesday said it was stopping worldwide distribution of its generic versions of the antacid while regulators investigate the fact that the impurity NDMA has been detected in these ranitidine-based drugs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FiercePharma&rft.atitle=Novartis+doesn%27t+wait+for+FDA+investigation+and+halts+distribution+of+its+generic+Zantac&rft.date=2019-09-19&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiercepharma.com%2Fmanufacturing%2Fnovartis-doesn-t-wait-for-fda-investigation-and-halts-distribution-its-generic-zantac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.in-pharmatechnologist.com/Article/2019/09/19/Sandoz-ceases-distribution-of-ranitidine-product">"Sandoz ceases distribution of ranitidine product"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+on+new+testing+results%2C+including+low+levels+of+impurities+in+ranitidine+drugs&rft.date=2019-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fnews-events%2Fpress-announcements%2Fstatement-new-testing-results-including-low-levels-impurities-ranitidine-drugs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FDA_Lab_tests-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_Lab_tests_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_Lab_tests_77-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_Lab_tests_77-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/laboratory-tests-ranitidine">"Laboratory tests - Ranitidine"</a>. 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Zantac Injection, Zantac Tablets, Zantac Syrup"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline" class="mw-redirect" title="GlaxoSmithKline">GlaxoSmithKline UK Limited</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brentford" title="Brentford">Brentford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, United Kingdom. October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211211162723/https://gskpro.com/en-gb/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GlaxoSmithKline+UK+Limited&rft.atitle=Zantac+recall+%E2%80%93+UK+recall+of+Zantac+%28Ranitidine+API%29%2C+incl.+Zantac+Injection%2C+Zantac+Tablets%2C+Zantac+Syrup&rft.date=2019-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FGSKpro.com%2Fen-gb%2Fsupply%2Fzantac-recall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-zantac-injection-50mg-2ml-zantac-syrup-150mg-10ml-zantac-tablets-150mg-zantac-tablets-300mg-el-19-a-24">"Class 2 Medicines recall: Zantac Injection 50mg/2ml, Zantac Syrup 150mg/10ml, Zantac Tablets 150mg, Zantac Tablets 300mg (EL (19)A 24)"</a>. GOV.uk. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> (MHRA). 8 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191227235719/https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-zantac-injection-50mg-2ml-zantac-syrup-150mg-10ml-zantac-tablets-150mg-zantac-tablets-300mg-el-19-a-24">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <q>GlaxoSmithKline, trading as Glaxo Welcome Ltd, is recalling all unexpired stock of Zantac (ranitidine hydrochloride) prescription only medicines (POM) from pharmacies.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.uk&rft.atitle=Class+2+Medicines+recall%3A+Zantac+Injection+50mg%2F2ml%2C+Zantac+Syrup+150mg%2F10ml%2C+Zantac+Tablets+150mg%2C+Zantac+Tablets+300mg+%28EL+%2819%29A+24%29&rft.date=2019-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fdrug-device-alerts%2Fclass-2-medicines-recall-zantac-injection-50mg-2ml-zantac-syrup-150mg-10ml-zantac-tablets-150mg-zantac-tablets-300mg-el-19-a-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/zantac-mhra-drug-alert-issued-as-glaxosmithkline-recalls-all-unexpired-stock">"Press release – Zantac – MHRA drug alert issued as GlaxoSmithKline recalls all unexpired stock"</a>. GOV.uk. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> (MHRA). 8 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228004414/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/zantac-mhra-drug-alert-issued-as-glaxosmithkline-recalls-all-unexpired-stock">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <q>The MHRA has issued an alert to healthcare professionals, as GlaxoSmithKline is recalling all unexpired stock of four types of Zantac, the medicine used to treat conditions such as heartburn and stomach ulcers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.uk&rft.atitle=Press+release+%E2%80%93+Zantac+%E2%80%93+MHRA+drug+alert+issued+as+GlaxoSmithKline+recalls+all+unexpired+stock&rft.date=2019-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Fzantac-mhra-drug-alert-issued-as-glaxosmithkline-recalls-all-unexpired-stock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-ranitidine-effervescent-tablets-150mg-ranitidine-effervescent-tablets-300mg-el-19-a-27">"Class 2 Medicines recall: Ranitidine Effervescent Tablets 150mg, Ranitidine Effervescent Tablets 300mg (EL (19)A/27)"</a>. GOV.uk. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> (MHRA). 17 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200128225134/https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-ranitidine-effervescent-tablets-150mg-ranitidine-effervescent-tablets-300mg-el-19-a-27">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <q>Teva UK Limited trading as ratiopharm GmbH is recalling all unexpired stock of Ranitidine Effervescent Tablets from pharmacies.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.uk&rft.atitle=Class+2+Medicines+recall%3A+Ranitidine+Effervescent+Tablets+150mg%2C+Ranitidine+Effervescent+Tablets+300mg+%28EL+%2819%29A%2F27%29&rft.date=2019-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fdrug-device-alerts%2Fclass-2-medicines-recall-ranitidine-effervescent-tablets-150mg-ranitidine-effervescent-tablets-300mg-el-19-a-27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ranitidine-mhra-drug-alert-issued-for-teva-uk-recall">"Press release – Ranitidine – MHRA drug alert issued for Teva UK recall"</a>. GOV.uk. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> (MHRA). 17 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200228141449/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ranitidine-mhra-drug-alert-issued-for-teva-uk-recall">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <q>Teva UK Ltd is recalling unexpired stock of certain batches of 2 types of Ranitidine medicines used to treat conditions such as heartburn and stomach ulcers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.uk&rft.atitle=Press+release+%E2%80%93+Ranitidine+%E2%80%93+MHRA+drug+alert+issued+for+Teva+UK+recall&rft.date=2019-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Franitidine-mhra-drug-alert-issued-for-teva-uk-recall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-ranitidine-150mg-10ml-oral-solution-el-19-a-29">"Class 2 Medicines recall: Ranitidine 150mg/10ml Oral Solution (EL (19)A/29)"</a>. GOV.uk. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a>. 25 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191231002247/https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-ranitidine-150mg-10ml-oral-solution-el-19-a-29">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <q>Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Limited is recalling unexpired stock from pharmacies as a precautionary measure due to possible contamination with an impurity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.uk&rft.atitle=Class+2+Medicines+recall%3A+Ranitidine+150mg%2F10ml+Oral+Solution+%28EL+%2819%29A%2F29%29&rft.date=2019-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fdrug-device-alerts%2Fclass-2-medicines-recall-ranitidine-150mg-10ml-oral-solution-el-19-a-29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-zantac-75-relief-tablets-zantac-75-tablets-galpharm-indigestion-relief-75mg-tablets-boots-heartburn-indigestion-relief-75mg-tablets-kirkland-indigestion-relief-75mg-tablets-morrisons-indigestion-heartburn-">"Class 2 Medicines recall: Zantac 75 Relief Tablets, Zantac 75 Tablets, Galpharm Indigestion Relief 75mg Tablets, Boots Heartburn & Indigestion Relief 75mg Tablets, Kirkland Indigestion Relief 75mg Tablets, Morrisons Indigestion & Heartburn Relief 75mg Tablets, Boots Heartburn & Indigestion Relief 75mg Tablets (EL (19)A/30)"</a>. GOV.uk. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> (MHRA). 25 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191231101940/https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-zantac-75-relief-tablets-zantac-75-tablets-galpharm-indigestion-relief-75mg-tablets-boots-heartburn-indigestion-relief-75mg-tablets-kirkland-indigestion-relief-75mg-tablets-morrisons-indigestion-heartburn-">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <q>Omega Pharma Limited and Galpharm International Limited are recalling unexpired stock from pharmacies and retail stores as a precautionary measure due to possible contamination with an impurity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.uk&rft.atitle=Class+2+Medicines+recall%3A+Zantac+75+Relief+Tablets%2C+Zantac+75+Tablets%2C+Galpharm+Indigestion+Relief+75mg+Tablets%2C+Boots+Heartburn+%26+Indigestion+Relief+75mg+Tablets%2C+Kirkland+Indigestion+Relief+75mg+Tablets%2C+Morrisons+Indigestion+%26+Heartburn+Relief+75mg+Tablets%2C+Boots+Heartburn+%26+Indigestion+Relief+75mg+Tablets+%28EL+%2819%29A%2F30%29&rft.date=2019-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fdrug-device-alerts%2Fclass-2-medicines-recall-zantac-75-relief-tablets-zantac-75-tablets-galpharm-indigestion-relief-75mg-tablets-boots-heartburn-indigestion-relief-75mg-tablets-kirkland-indigestion-relief-75mg-tablets-morrisons-indigestion-heartburn-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ranitidine-mhra-drug-alerts-issued-as-perrigo-recalls-prescription-only-and-over-the-counter-products">"Press release – Ranitidine – MHRA drug alerts issued as Perrigo recalls prescription only and over-the-counter products"</a>. GOV.uk. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> (MHRA). 25 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191231095023/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ranitidine-mhra-drug-alerts-issued-as-perrigo-recalls-prescription-only-and-over-the-counter-products">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <q>The MHRA has issued alerts to healthcare professionals and retailers, as Perrigo Company plc is recalling all unexpired stock of certain batches of Ranitidine medicines used to treat conditions such as heartburn and stomach ulcers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.uk&rft.atitle=Press+release+%E2%80%93+Ranitidine+%E2%80%93+MHRA+drug+alerts+issued+as+Perrigo+recalls+prescription+only+and+over-the-counter+products&rft.date=2019-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Franitidine-mhra-drug-alerts-issued-as-perrigo-recalls-prescription-only-and-over-the-counter-products&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-ranitidine-oral-solution-30mg-ml-pl-31862-0023-ranitidine-150mg-tablets-pl-11311-0138-el-19-a-36">"Class 2 Medicines Recall: Ranitidine Oral Solution 30mg/ml, PL 31862/0023, Ranitidine 150mg Tablets, PL 11311/0138 (EL(19)A/36)"</a>. GOV.uk. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> (MHRA). 19 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200121181127/https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-ranitidine-oral-solution-30mg-ml-pl-31862-0023-ranitidine-150mg-tablets-pl-11311-0138-el-19-a-36">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <q>Creo Pharma Limited and Tillomed Laboratories Limited are recalling all unexpired stock of the products listed in this alert.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.uk&rft.atitle=Class+2+Medicines+Recall%3A+Ranitidine+Oral+Solution+30mg%2Fml%2C+PL+31862%2F0023%2C+Ranitidine+150mg+Tablets%2C+PL+11311%2F0138+%28EL%2819%29A%2F36%29&rft.date=2019-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fdrug-device-alerts%2Fclass-2-medicines-recall-ranitidine-oral-solution-30mg-ml-pl-31862-0023-ranitidine-150mg-tablets-pl-11311-0138-el-19-a-36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ranitidine-oral-solution-and-tablets-recall">"Press release – Ranitidine Oral Solution and Tablets recall"</a>. GOV.uk. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> (MHRA). 19 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191120152213/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ranitidine-oral-solution-and-tablets-recall">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <q>Ranitidine – MHRA drug alert issued as Creo Pharma Limited and Tillomed Laboratories recall unexpired stock.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.uk&rft.atitle=Press+release+%E2%80%93+Ranitidine+Oral+Solution+and+Tablets+recall&rft.date=2019-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Franitidine-oral-solution-and-tablets-recall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-ranitidine-75mg-tablets-various-liveries-el-19-a-37">"Class 2 Medicines recall: Ranitidine 75mg Tablets, (various liveries) (EL(19)A/37)"</a>. GOV.uk. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> (MHRA). 21 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200221130923/https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-ranitidine-75mg-tablets-various-liveries-el-19-a-37">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <q>OTC Concepts Ltd, Relonchem Ltd, Noumed Life Sciences Ltd and Medreich Plc. are recalling stock from pharmacies and retail stores as a precautionary measure due to possible contamination with an impurity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.uk&rft.atitle=Class+2+Medicines+recall%3A+Ranitidine+75mg+Tablets%2C+%28various+liveries%29+%28EL%2819%29A%2F37%29&rft.date=2019-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fdrug-device-alerts%2Fclass-2-medicines-recall-ranitidine-75mg-tablets-various-liveries-el-19-a-37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-drug-alert-recalls-for-13-over-the-counter-ranitidine-medicines">"Press release – MHRA drug alert: recalls for 13 over-the-counter Ranitidine medicines"</a>. GOV.uk. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> (MHRA). 21 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191122161922/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-drug-alert-recalls-for-13-over-the-counter-ranitidine-medicines">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <q>A drug alert has been issued to retailers and healthcare professionals as 4 companies are recalling batches of certain over-the-counter Ranitidine medicines used to treat conditions such as stomach ulcers and heartburn.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.uk&rft.atitle=Press+release+%E2%80%93+MHRA+drug+alert%3A+recalls+for+13+over-the-counter+Ranitidine+medicines&rft.date=2019-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Fmhra-drug-alert-recalls-for-13-over-the-counter-ranitidine-medicines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-ranitidine-150mg-film-coated-tablets-pl-20075-0063-ranitidine-300mg-film-coated-tablets-pl-20075-0064-el-19-a-40">"Class 2 Medicines recall: Ranitidine 150mg Film-Coated Tablets, PL 20075/0063, Ranitidine 300mg Film-Coated Tablets, PL 20075/0064 (EL(19)A/40)"</a>. GOV.uk. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> (MHRA). 5 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200304222737/https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-ranitidine-150mg-film-coated-tablets-pl-20075-0063-ranitidine-300mg-film-coated-tablets-pl-20075-0064-el-19-a-40">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <q>Accord Healthcare are recalling all unexpired stock of the below products from pharmacies and retail stores as a precautionary measure.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.uk&rft.atitle=Class+2+Medicines+recall%3A+Ranitidine+150mg+Film-Coated+Tablets%2C+PL+20075%2F0063%2C+Ranitidine+300mg+Film-Coated+Tablets%2C+PL+20075%2F0064+%28EL%2819%29A%2F40%29&rft.date=2019-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fdrug-device-alerts%2Fclass-2-medicines-recall-ranitidine-150mg-film-coated-tablets-pl-20075-0063-ranitidine-300mg-film-coated-tablets-pl-20075-0064-el-19-a-40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-medley-pharma-limited-ranitidine-150mg-tablets-bp-pl-43870-0026-ranitidine-300mg-tablets-bp-pl-43870-0027-el-19-a-41">"Class 2 Medicines Recall: Medley Pharma Limited, Ranitidine 150mg Tablets BP, PL 43870/0026, Ranitidine 300mg Tablets BP, PL 43870/0027 (EL(19)A/41)"</a>. GOV.uk. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> (MHRA). 16 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200305080928/https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-medley-pharma-limited-ranitidine-150mg-tablets-bp-pl-43870-0026-ranitidine-300mg-tablets-bp-pl-43870-0027-el-19-a-41">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <q>Medley Pharma Limited is recalling all unexpired stock of the below products from pharmacies and retail stores as a precautionary measure.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.uk&rft.atitle=Class+2+Medicines+Recall%3A+Medley+Pharma+Limited%2C+Ranitidine+150mg+Tablets+BP%2C+PL+43870%2F0026%2C+Ranitidine+300mg+Tablets+BP%2C+PL+43870%2F0027+%28EL%2819%29A%2F41%29&rft.date=2019-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fdrug-device-alerts%2Fclass-2-medicines-recall-medley-pharma-limited-ranitidine-150mg-tablets-bp-pl-43870-0026-ranitidine-300mg-tablets-bp-pl-43870-0027-el-19-a-41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-medreich-plc-ranitidine-150mg-tablets-pl-21880-0091-ranitidine-300mg-tablets-pl-21880-0092-el-20-a-05">"Class 2 Medicines recall: Medreich PLC, Ranitidine 150mg Tablets, PL 21880/0091, Ranitidine 300mg Tablets, PL 21880/0092 (EL (20)A/05)"</a>. GOV.uk. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> (MHRA). 3 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200616081649/https://www.gov.uk/drug-device-alerts/class-2-medicines-recall-medreich-plc-ranitidine-150mg-tablets-pl-21880-0091-ranitidine-300mg-tablets-pl-21880-0092-el-20-a-05">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <q>Medreich Plc is recalling all unexpired stock of the above products from pharmacies and wholesalers as a precautionary measure due to possible contamination with an impurity N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) which has genotoxic and carcinogenic potential.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.uk&rft.atitle=Class+2+Medicines+recall%3A+Medreich+PLC%2C+Ranitidine+150mg+Tablets%2C+PL+21880%2F0091%2C+Ranitidine+300mg+Tablets%2C+PL+21880%2F0092+%28EL+%2820%29A%2F05%29&rft.date=2020-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fdrug-device-alerts%2Fclass-2-medicines-recall-medreich-plc-ranitidine-150mg-tablets-pl-21880-0091-ranitidine-300mg-tablets-pl-21880-0092-el-20-a-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cas.mhra.gov.uk/ViewandAcknowledgment/ViewAlert.aspx?AlertID=102904">"MHRA Central Alerting System – Ranitidine: all oral formulations. Supply disruption"</a>. CAS.MHRA.GOV.uk. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> (MHRA). 15 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813062133/https://www.cas.mhra.gov.uk/ViewandAcknowledgment/ViewAlert.aspx?AlertID=102904">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020. <q>All oral formulations of ranitidine are shortly anticipated to be out of stock until further notice. This alert provides healthcare professionals with advice on the management of patients currently taking ranitidine.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CAS.MHRA.GOV.uk&rft.atitle=MHRA+Central+Alerting+System+%E2%80%93+Ranitidine%3A+all+oral+formulations.+Supply+disruption.&rft.date=2019-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cas.mhra.gov.uk%2FViewandAcknowledgment%2FViewAlert.aspx%3FAlertID%3D102904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2019" class="citation news cs1">Thomas K (18 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/18/health/zantac-recall-carcinogen-sanofi.html">"Zantac recall widens as Sanofi pulls its drug over carcinogen fears"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191018170303/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/18/health/zantac-recall-carcinogen-sanofi.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Zantac+recall+widens+as+Sanofi+pulls+its+drug+over+carcinogen+fears&rft.date=2019-10-18&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F10%2F18%2Fhealth%2Fzantac-recall-carcinogen-sanofi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/sanofi-provides-update-precautionary-voluntary-recall-zantac-otc-us">"Sanofi provides update on precautionary voluntary recall of Zantac OTC in U.S."</a> U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 23 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024035253/https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/sanofi-provides-update-precautionary-voluntary-recall-zantac-otc-us">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Sanofi+provides+update+on+precautionary+voluntary+recall+of+Zantac+OTC+in+U.S.&rft.date=2019-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fsafety%2Frecalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts%2Fsanofi-provides-update-precautionary-voluntary-recall-zantac-otc-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/perrigo-company-plc-issues-voluntary-worldwide-recall-ranitidine-due-possible-presence-impurity-n">"Perrigo Company plc issues voluntary worldwide recall of Ranitidine due to possible presence of impurity, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) impurity in the product"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 23 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024035720/https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/perrigo-company-plc-issues-voluntary-worldwide-recall-ranitidine-due-possible-presence-impurity-n">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Perrigo+Company+plc+issues+voluntary+worldwide+recall+of+Ranitidine+due+to+possible+presence+of+impurity%2C+N-nitrosodimethylamine+%28NDMA%29+impurity+in+the+product&rft.date=2019-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fsafety%2Frecalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts%2Fperrigo-company-plc-issues-voluntary-worldwide-recall-ranitidine-due-possible-presence-impurity-n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/dr-reddys-confirms-its-voluntary-nationwide-recall-all-ranitidine-products-us-market">"Dr. Reddy's confirms its voluntary nationwide recall of all Ranitidine products in the U.S. market"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 23 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024035800/https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/dr-reddys-confirms-its-voluntary-nationwide-recall-all-ranitidine-products-us-market">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Dr.+Reddy%27s+confirms+its+voluntary+nationwide+recall+of+all+Ranitidine+products+in+the+U.S.+market&rft.date=2019-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fsafety%2Frecalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts%2Fdr-reddys-confirms-its-voluntary-nationwide-recall-all-ranitidine-products-us-market&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/novitium-pharma-issues-voluntary-national-recall-ranitidine-hydrochloride-capsules-150mg-and-300mg">"Novitium Pharma issues voluntary national recall of Ranitidine Hydrochloride capsules 150mg and 300mg due to an elevated amount of unexpected impurity, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 25 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191029011927/https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/novitium-pharma-issues-voluntary-national-recall-ranitidine-hydrochloride-capsules-150mg-and-300mg">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Novitium+Pharma+issues+voluntary+national+recall+of+Ranitidine+Hydrochloride+capsules+150mg+and+300mg+due+to+an+elevated+amount+of+unexpected+impurity%2C+N-nitrosodimethylamine+%28NDMA%29&rft.date=2019-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fsafety%2Frecalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts%2Fnovitium-pharma-issues-voluntary-national-recall-ranitidine-hydrochloride-capsules-150mg-and-300mg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/aurobindo-pharma-usa-inc-initiates-voluntary-nationwide-consumer-level-recall-38-lots-ranitidine">"Aurobindo Pharma USA, Inc. initiates voluntary nationwide consumer level recall of 38 lots of Ranitidine tablets 150mg, Ranitidine capsules 150mg, Ranitidine capsules 300mg and ranitidine Syrup 15mg/mL due to the detection of NDMA (Nitrosodimethylamine) impurity"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) (Press release). 6 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191111033706/https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/aurobindo-pharma-usa-inc-initiates-voluntary-nationwide-consumer-level-recall-38-lots-ranitidine">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aurobindo+Pharma+USA%2C+Inc.+initiates+voluntary+nationwide+consumer+level+recall+of+38+lots+of+Ranitidine+tablets+150mg%2C+Ranitidine+capsules+150mg%2C+Ranitidine+capsules+300mg+and+ranitidine+Syrup+15mg%2FmL+due+to+the+detection+of+NDMA+%28Nitrosodimethylamine%29+impurity&rft.date=2019-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fsafety%2Frecalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts%2Faurobindo-pharma-usa-inc-initiates-voluntary-nationwide-consumer-level-recall-38-lots-ranitidine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/amneal-pharmaceuticals-llc-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-tablets-usp-150mg-and-300mg">"Amneal Pharmaceuticals, LLC. issues voluntary nationwide recall of Ranitidine tablets, USP, 150mg and 300mg, and Ranitidine syrup (Ranitidine Oral Solution, USP), 15 mg/mL, due to possible presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) impurity"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) (Press release). 12 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191112234415/https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/amneal-pharmaceuticals-llc-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-tablets-usp-150mg-and-300mg">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amneal+Pharmaceuticals%2C+LLC.+issues+voluntary+nationwide+recall+of+Ranitidine+tablets%2C+USP%2C+150mg+and+300mg%2C+and+Ranitidine+syrup+%28Ranitidine+Oral+Solution%2C+USP%29%2C+15+mg%2FmL%2C+due+to+possible+presence+of+N-nitrosodimethylamine+%28NDMA%29+impurity&rft.date=2019-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fsafety%2Frecalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts%2Famneal-pharmaceuticals-llc-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-tablets-usp-150mg-and-300mg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/american-health-packaging-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-syrup-ranitidine-oral">"American Health Packaging issues voluntary nationwide recall of Ranitidine syrup (Ranitidine Oral Solution USP) 150 mg/10 mL liquid unit dose cups due to the detection of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) impurity"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) (Press release). 8 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191112234545/https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/american-health-packaging-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-syrup-ranitidine-oral">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Health+Packaging+issues+voluntary+nationwide+recall+of+Ranitidine+syrup+%28Ranitidine+Oral+Solution+USP%29+150+mg%2F10+mL+liquid+unit+dose+cups+due+to+the+detection+of+N-nitrosodimethylamine+%28NDMA%29+impurity&rft.date=2019-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fsafety%2Frecalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts%2Famerican-health-packaging-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-syrup-ranitidine-oral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/golden-state-medical-supply-inc-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-hydrochloride-150mg">"Golden State Medical Supply, Inc. issues a voluntary nationwide recall of Ranitidine hydrochloride 150mg and 300mg capsules (manufactured by Novitium Pharma LLC) due to an elevated amount of unexpected impurity, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) (Press release). 15 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191123070140/https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/golden-state-medical-supply-inc-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-hydrochloride-150mg">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Golden+State+Medical+Supply%2C+Inc.+issues+a+voluntary+nationwide+recall+of+Ranitidine+hydrochloride+150mg+and+300mg+capsules+%28manufactured+by+Novitium+Pharma+LLC%29+due+to+an+elevated+amount+of+unexpected+impurity%2C+N-nitrosodimethylamine+%28NDMA%29&rft.date=2019-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fsafety%2Frecalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts%2Fgolden-state-medical-supply-inc-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-hydrochloride-150mg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/precision-dose-inc-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-oral-solution-usp-150-mg10-ml-due">"Precision Dose Inc. issues voluntary nationwide recall of ranitidine oral solution, USP 150 mg/10 mL due to possible presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine impurity"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) (Press release). 19 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191123070344/https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/precision-dose-inc-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-oral-solution-usp-150-mg10-ml-due">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Precision+Dose+Inc.+issues+voluntary+nationwide+recall+of+ranitidine+oral+solution%2C+USP+150+mg%2F10+mL+due+to+possible+presence+of+N-nitrosodimethylamine+impurity&rft.date=2019-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fsafety%2Frecalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts%2Fprecision-dose-inc-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-oral-solution-usp-150-mg10-ml-due&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/glenmark-pharmaceuticals-inc-usa-voluntarily-recalls-all-unexpired-lots-its-ranitidine-tablets-and">"Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA voluntarily recalls all unexpired lots of its Ranitidine tablets and ceases distribution, due to possible presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) impurity"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 17 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191218221805/https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/glenmark-pharmaceuticals-inc-usa-voluntarily-recalls-all-unexpired-lots-its-ranitidine-tablets-and">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Glenmark+Pharmaceuticals+Inc.%2C+USA+voluntarily+recalls+all+unexpired+lots+of+its+Ranitidine+tablets+and+ceases+distribution%2C+due+to+possible+presence+of+N-nitrosodimethylamine+%28NDMA%29+impurity&rft.date=2019-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fsafety%2Frecalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts%2Fglenmark-pharmaceuticals-inc-usa-voluntarily-recalls-all-unexpired-lots-its-ranitidine-tablets-and&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/appco-pharma-llc-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-hydrochloride-capsules-150-mg-and-300">"Appco Pharma LLC issues voluntary nationwide recall of Ranitidine hydrochloride capsules 150 mg and 300 mg due to an elevated amount of unexpected impurity, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 7 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200109033942/https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/appco-pharma-llc-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-hydrochloride-capsules-150-mg-and-300">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Appco+Pharma+LLC+issues+voluntary+nationwide+recall+of+Ranitidine+hydrochloride+capsules+150+mg+and+300+mg+due+to+an+elevated+amount+of+unexpected+impurity%2C+N-nitrosodimethylamine+%28NDMA%29&rft.date=2020-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fsafety%2Frecalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts%2Fappco-pharma-llc-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-hydrochloride-capsules-150-mg-and-300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/denton-pharma-inc-dba-northwind-pharmaceuticals-voluntarily-recalls-all-unexpired-lots-its">"Denton Pharma, Inc. dba Northwind Pharmaceuticals voluntarily recalls all unexpired lots of its Ranitidine tablets and ceases distribution, due to possible presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) impurity"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 6 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200109045121/https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/denton-pharma-inc-dba-northwind-pharmaceuticals-voluntarily-recalls-all-unexpired-lots-its">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Denton+Pharma%2C+Inc.+dba+Northwind+Pharmaceuticals+voluntarily+recalls+all+unexpired+lots+of+its+Ranitidine+tablets+and+ceases+distribution%2C+due+to+possible+presence+of+N-nitrosodimethylamine+%28NDMA%29+impurity&rft.date=2020-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fsafety%2Frecalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts%2Fdenton-pharma-inc-dba-northwind-pharmaceuticals-voluntarily-recalls-all-unexpired-lots-its&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDA_PR-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/american-health-packaging-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-tablets-usp-150-mg-100-count">"American Health Packaging issues voluntary nationwide recall of Ranitidine tablets, USP 150 mg, 100 count unit dose blisters due to the detection of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) impurity"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 27 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200228155144/https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/american-health-packaging-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-tablets-usp-150-mg-100-count">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=American+Health+Packaging+issues+voluntary+nationwide+recall+of+Ranitidine+tablets%2C+USP+150+mg%2C+100+count+unit+dose+blisters+due+to+the+detection+of+N-nitrosodimethylamine+%28NDMA%29+impurity&rft.date=2020-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fsafety%2Frecalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts%2Famerican-health-packaging-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ranitidine-tablets-usp-150-mg-100-count&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/safety/medical-product-safety-information/all-ranitidine-products-zantac-press-release-fda-requests-removal">"All Ranitidine Products (Zantac): Press Release - FDA Requests Removal"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 1 April 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200506232356/https://www.fda.gov/safety/medical-product-safety-information/all-ranitidine-products-zantac-press-release-fda-requests-removal">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=All+Ranitidine+Products+%28Zantac%29%3A+Press+Release+-+FDA+Requests+Removal&rft.date=2020-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fsafety%2Fmedical-product-safety-information%2Fall-ranitidine-products-zantac-press-release-fda-requests-removal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/meeting-highlights-committee-medicinal-products-human-use-chmp-28-30-april-2020">"Meeting highlights from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) 28-30 April 2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency" title="European Medicines Agency">European Medicines Agency</a> (EMA). 30 April 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200507025647/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/meeting-highlights-committee-medicinal-products-human-use-chmp-28-30-april-2020">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Medicines+Agency+%28EMA%29&rft.atitle=Meeting+highlights+from+the+Committee+for+Medicinal+Products+for+Human+Use+%28CHMP%29+28-30+April+2020&rft.date=2020-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ema.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fmeeting-highlights-committee-medicinal-products-human-use-chmp-28-30-april-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/ranitidine/">"Ranitidine: medicine to lower stomach acid"</a>. NHS (UK). 16 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211203160843/https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/ranitidine/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2021. 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Retrieved 3 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pharmaceutical+Journal&rft.atitle=Return+of+ranitidine+being+considered+by+UK+manufacturer&rft.date=2021-10-04&rft.aulast=Connelly&rft.aufirst=D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpharmaceutical-journal.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Freturn-of-ranitidine-being-considered-by-uk-manufacturer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morgan_Ahlawat2023-128">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morgan_Ahlawat2023_128-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morgan_Ahlawat2023_128-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morgan_Ahlawat2023_128-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morgan_Ahlawat2023_128-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morgan_Ahlawat2023_128-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morgan_Ahlawat2023_128-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorganAhlawat2023" class="citation book cs1">Morgan KA, Ahlawat R (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532989/#:~:text=Ranitidine%20is%20a%20competitive%20inhibitor,kidney%20dysfunction">"Ranitidine"</a>. 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The New England Journal of Medicine. 338 (11): 719–726. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJM199803123381104">10.1056/NEJM199803123381104</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9494148">9494148</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+omeprazole+with+ranitidine+for+ulcers+associated+with+nonsteroidal+antiinflammatory+drugs.+Acid+Suppression+Trial%3A+Ranitidine+versus+Omeprazole+for+NSAID-associated+Ulcer+Treatment+%28ASTRONAUT%29+Study+Group&rft.volume=338&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E719-%3C%2Fspan%3E726&rft.date=1998-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJM199803123381104&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9494148&rft.aulast=Yeomans&rft.aufirst=ND&rft.au=Tulassay%2C+Z&rft.au=Juh%C3%A1sz%2C+L&rft.au=R%C3%A1cz%2C+I&rft.au=Howard%2C+JM&rft.au=van+Rensburg%2C+CJ&rft.au=Swannell%2C+AJ&rft.au=Hawkey%2C+CJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1056%252FNEJM199803123381104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=021698">"Zantac"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). NDA 021698. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191030012150/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=021698">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Zantac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessdata.fda.gov%2Fscripts%2Fcder%2Fdaf%2Findex.cfm%3Fevent%3Doverview.process%26ApplNo%3D021698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biopharmadive.com/news/cvs-zantac-voluntary-recall-ndma-carcinogen/563990/">"CVS suspends Zantac sales, as recalls widen over carcinogen fears"</a>. BioPharma Dive. 30 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191019024632/https://www.biopharmadive.com/news/cvs-zantac-voluntary-recall-ndma-carcinogen/563990/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BioPharma+Dive&rft.atitle=CVS+suspends+Zantac+sales%2C+as+recalls+widen+over+carcinogen+fears&rft.date=2019-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biopharmadive.com%2Fnews%2Fcvs-zantac-voluntary-recall-ndma-carcinogen%2F563990%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARanitidine" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Zantac in the United States is now a brand of <a href="/wiki/Famotidine" title="Famotidine">famotidine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Gastric, pancreatic, and lung cancer risk increased by up to 26%, 35%, and 17%, respectively, but "only liver cancer displayed a significant association with long-term ranitidine use" and "there was no continuous dose–response relationship among the other individual cancers".<a href="#cite_note-taiwanstudy-24">[23]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Overall cancer risk increased by 10%, p < 0.001<a href="#cite_note-taiwanstudy-24">[23]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranitidine&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601164.html">"Ranitidine Injection"</a>. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drugs_for_peptic_ulcer_and_GERD/GORD_(A02B)716" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output 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title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Drugs_for_peptic_ulcer_and_GORD" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Drugs for peptic ulcer and GORD"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drugs_for_peptic_ulcer_and_GERD/GORD_(A02B)716" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Drugs for <a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptic ulcer">peptic ulcer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease" title="Gastroesophageal reflux disease">GERD/GORD</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A02#A02B" title="ATC code A02">A02B</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/H2_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="H2 antagonist">H2 antagonists</a> ("-tidine")</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cimetidine" title="Cimetidine">Cimetidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famotidine" title="Famotidine">Famotidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafutidine" title="Lafutidine">Lafutidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavoltidine" title="Lavoltidine">Lavoltidine (loxtidine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niperotidine" title="Niperotidine">Niperotidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizatidine" title="Nizatidine">Nizatidine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ranitidine</a>#‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxatidine_acetate" title="Roxatidine acetate">Roxatidine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin" title="Prostaglandin">Prostaglandins</a> (E)/ <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_analogue" title="Prostaglandin analogue">analogues</a> ("-prost-")</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Misoprostol" title="Misoprostol">Misoprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enprostil" title="Enprostil">Enprostil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proton-pump_inhibitor" title="Proton-pump inhibitor">Proton-pump inhibitors</a> ("-prazole")</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaprazole" title="Anaprazole">Anaprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azeloprazole" title="Azeloprazole">Azeloprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexlansoprazole" title="Dexlansoprazole">Dexlansoprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexrabeprazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dexrabeprazole (page does not exist)">Dexrabeprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esomeprazole" title="Esomeprazole">Esomeprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilaprazole" title="Ilaprazole">Ilaprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansoprazole" title="Lansoprazole">Lansoprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omeprazole" title="Omeprazole">Omeprazole</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantoprazole" title="Pantoprazole">Pantoprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Picoprazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Picoprazole (page does not exist)">Picoprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabeprazole" title="Rabeprazole">Rabeprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenatoprazole" title="Tenatoprazole">Tenatoprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timoprazole" title="Timoprazole">Timoprazole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Potassium-competitive_acid_blocker" class="mw-redirect" title="Potassium-competitive acid blocker">Potassium-competitive acid blockers</a> ("-prazan")</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fexuprazan" title="Fexuprazan">Fexuprazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linaprazan" title="Linaprazan">Linaprazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revaprazan" title="Revaprazan">Revaprazan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soraprazan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soraprazan (page does not exist)">Soraprazan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tegoprazan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tegoprazan (page does not exist)">Tegoprazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vonoprazan" title="Vonoprazan">Vonoprazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zastaprazan" title="Zastaprazan">Zastaprazan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aceglutamide_aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aceglutamide aluminum">Aceglutamide aluminum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetoxolone" title="Acetoxolone">Acetoxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alginic_acid" title="Alginic acid">Alginic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbaclofen_placarbil" title="Arbaclofen placarbil">Arbaclofen placarbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_subcitrate" title="Bismuth subcitrate">Bismuth subcitrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbenoxolone" title="Carbenoxolone">Carbenoxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetraxate" title="Cetraxate">Cetraxate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefarnate" title="Gefarnate">Gefarnate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irsogladine" title="Irsogladine">Irsogladine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesogaberan" title="Lesogaberan">Lesogaberan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirenzepine" title="Pirenzepine">Pirenzepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proglumide" title="Proglumide">Proglumide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebamipide" title="Rebamipide">Rebamipide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucralfate" title="Sucralfate">Sucralfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulglicotide" title="Sulglicotide">Sulglicotide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telenzepine" title="Telenzepine">Telenzepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teprenone" title="Teprenone">Teprenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troxipide" title="Troxipide">Troxipide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_L-carnosine" title="Zinc L-carnosine">Zinc L-carnosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolimidine" title="Zolimidine">Zolimidine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combinations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_subcitrate/metronidazole/tetracycline" title="Bismuth subcitrate/metronidazole/tetracycline">Bismuth subcitrate/metronidazole/tetracycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omeprazole/amoxicillin/rifabutin" title="Omeprazole/amoxicillin/rifabutin">Omeprazole/amoxicillin/rifabutin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vonoprazan/amoxicillin" title="Vonoprazan/amoxicillin">Vonoprazan/amoxicillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin" title="Vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin">Vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori_eradication_protocols" title="Helicobacter pylori eradication protocols">Helicobacter pylori eradication protocols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>#<a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li>‡<a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li>§Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Histamine_receptor_modulators440" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Histamine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Histamine receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Histamine_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Histamine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Histamine_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Histamine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Histamine_receptor_modulators440" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Histamine_receptor" title="Histamine receptor">Histamine receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Histamine_H1_receptor" title="Histamine H1 receptor">H1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Pyridylethylamine" title="2-Pyridylethylamine">2-Pyridylethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betahistine" title="Betahistine">Betahistine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">Histamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine_trifluoromethyl_toluidide" title="Histamine trifluoromethyl toluidide">HTMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Histidine" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Histidine">L-Histidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR-AK49" title="UR-AK49">UR-AK49</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>First-generation: <a href="/wiki/4-Methyldiphenhydramine" title="4-Methyldiphenhydramine">4-Methyldiphenhydramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alimemazine" title="Alimemazine">Alimemazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antazoline" title="Antazoline">Antazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azatadine" title="Azatadine">Azatadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamipine" title="Bamipine">Bamipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzatropine" title="Benzatropine">Benzatropine (benztropine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bepotastine" title="Bepotastine">Bepotastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromazine" title="Bromazine">Bromazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brompheniramine" title="Brompheniramine">Brompheniramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buclizine" title="Buclizine">Buclizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captodiame" title="Captodiame">Captodiame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbinoxamine" title="Carbinoxamine">Carbinoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorcyclizine" title="Chlorcyclizine">Chlorcyclizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloropyramine" title="Chloropyramine">Chloropyramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorothen" title="Chlorothen">Chlorothen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorphenamine" title="Chlorphenamine">Chlorphenamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorphenoxamine" title="Chlorphenoxamine">Chlorphenoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnarizine" title="Cinnarizine">Cinnarizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemastine" title="Clemastine">Clemastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobenzepam" title="Clobenzepam">Clobenzepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clocinizine" title="Clocinizine">Clocinizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloperastine" title="Cloperastine">Cloperastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclizine" title="Cyclizine">Cyclizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproheptadine" title="Cyproheptadine">Cyproheptadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacemazine" title="Dacemazine">Dacemazine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decloxizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decloxizine (page does not exist)">Decloxizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deptropine" title="Deptropine">Deptropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexbrompheniramine" title="Dexbrompheniramine">Dexbrompheniramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexchlorpheniramine" title="Dexchlorpheniramine">Dexchlorpheniramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimenhydrinate" title="Dimenhydrinate">Dimenhydrinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimetindene" title="Dimetindene">Dimetindene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphenhydramine" title="Diphenhydramine">Diphenhydramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphenylpyraline" title="Diphenylpyraline">Diphenylpyraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxylamine" title="Doxylamine">Doxylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embramine" title="Embramine">Embramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etodroxizine" title="Etodroxizine">Etodroxizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etybenzatropine" title="Etybenzatropine">Etybenzatropine (ethylbenztropine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etymemazine" title="Etymemazine">Etymemazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenethazine" title="Fenethazine">Fenethazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunarizine" title="Flunarizine">Flunarizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histapyrrodine" title="Histapyrrodine">Histapyrrodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homochlorcyclizine" title="Homochlorcyclizine">Homochlorcyclizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyethylpromethazine" title="Hydroxyethylpromethazine">Hydroxyethylpromethazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyzine" title="Hydroxyzine">Hydroxyzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopromethazine" title="Isopromethazine">Isopromethazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isothipendyl" title="Isothipendyl">Isothipendyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclozine" class="mw-redirect" title="Meclozine">Meclozine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medrylamine" title="Medrylamine">Medrylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepyramine" title="Mepyramine">Mepyramine (pyrilamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mequitazine" title="Mequitazine">Mequitazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methafurylene" title="Methafurylene">Methafurylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methapyrilene" title="Methapyrilene">Methapyrilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methdilazine" title="Methdilazine">Methdilazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxastine" title="Moxastine">Moxastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphenadrine" title="Orphenadrine">Orphenadrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxatomide" title="Oxatomide">Oxatomide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxomemazine" title="Oxomemazine">Oxomemazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlapine" title="Perlapine">Perlapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenindamine" title="Phenindamine">Phenindamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheniramine" title="Pheniramine">Pheniramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenyltoloxamine" title="Phenyltoloxamine">Phenyltoloxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimethixene" title="Pimethixene">Pimethixene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperoxan" title="Piperoxan">Piperoxan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipoxizine" title="Pipoxizine">Pipoxizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promethazine" title="Promethazine">Promethazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propiomazine" title="Propiomazine">Propiomazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrobutamine" title="Pyrrobutamine">Pyrrobutamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talastine" title="Talastine">Talastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thenalidine" title="Thenalidine">Thenalidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thenyldiamine" title="Thenyldiamine">Thenyldiamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiazinamium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiazinamium">Thiazinamium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thonzylamine" title="Thonzylamine">Thonzylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolpropamine" title="Tolpropamine">Tolpropamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripelennamine" title="Tripelennamine">Tripelennamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triprolidine" title="Triprolidine">Triprolidine</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Second/third-generation: <a href="/wiki/Acrivastine" title="Acrivastine">Acrivastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alinastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alinastine (page does not exist)">Alinastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astemizole" title="Astemizole">Astemizole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azelastine" title="Azelastine">Azelastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamirastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bamirastine (page does not exist)">Bamirastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barmastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barmastine (page does not exist)">Barmastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bepiastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bepiastine (page does not exist)">Bepiastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bepotastine" title="Bepotastine">Bepotastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilastine" title="Bilastine">Bilastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabastinen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabastinen (page does not exist)">Cabastinen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carebastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carebastine (page does not exist)">Carebastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetirizine" title="Cetirizine">Cetirizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemastine" title="Clemastine">Clemastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemizole" title="Clemizole">Clemizole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobenztropine" title="Clobenztropine">Clobenztropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desloratadine" title="Desloratadine">Desloratadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorastine (page does not exist)">Dorastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebastine" title="Ebastine">Ebastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efletirizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efletirizine (page does not exist)">Efletirizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emedastine" title="Emedastine">Emedastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinastine" title="Epinastine">Epinastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fexofenadine" title="Fexofenadine">Fexofenadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flezelastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flezelastine (page does not exist)">Flezelastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketotifen" title="Ketotifen">Ketotifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latrepirdine" title="Latrepirdine">Latrepirdine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levocabastine" title="Levocabastine">Levocabastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levocetirizine" title="Levocetirizine">Levocetirizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linetastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linetastine (page does not exist)">Linetastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loratadine" title="Loratadine">Loratadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mapinastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mapinastine (page does not exist)">Mapinastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebhydrolin" title="Mebhydrolin">Mebhydrolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizolastine" title="Mizolastine">Mizolastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxastine" title="Moxastine">Moxastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noberastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noberastine (page does not exist)">Noberastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octastine (page does not exist)">Octastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olopatadine" title="Olopatadine">Olopatadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perastine (page does not exist)">Perastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pibaxizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pibaxizine (page does not exist)">Pibaxizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piclopastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piclopastine (page does not exist)">Piclopastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quifenadine" title="Quifenadine">Quifenadine (phencarol)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rocastine (page does not exist)">Rocastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupatadine" title="Rupatadine">Rupatadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setastine" title="Setastine">Setastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequifenadine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sequifenadine (page does not exist)">Sequifenadine (bicarphen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talastine" title="Talastine">Talastine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temelastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temelastine (page does not exist)">Temelastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terfenadine" title="Terfenadine">Terfenadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vapitadine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vapitadine (page does not exist)">Vapitadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zepastine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zepastine (page does not exist)">Zepastine</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Others: <a href="/wiki/Atypical_antipsychotic" title="Atypical antipsychotic">Atypical antipsychotics</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Aripiprazole" title="Aripiprazole">aripiprazole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asenapine" title="Asenapine">asenapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brexpiprazole" title="Brexpiprazole">brexpiprazole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brilaroxazine" title="Brilaroxazine">brilaroxazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clozapine" title="Clozapine">clozapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iloperidone" title="Iloperidone">iloperidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olanzapine" title="Olanzapine">olanzapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paliperidone" title="Paliperidone">paliperidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetiapine" title="Quetiapine">quetiapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Risperidone" title="Risperidone">risperidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ziprasidone" title="Ziprasidone">ziprasidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zotepine" title="Zotepine">zotepine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylpiperazine" title="Phenylpiperazine">Phenylpiperazine</a> <a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">antidepressants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Hydroxynefazodone" title="Hydroxynefazodone">hydroxynefazodone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nefazodone" title="Nefazodone">nefazodone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trazodone" title="Trazodone">trazodone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triazoledione" title="Triazoledione">triazoledione</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracyclic_antidepressant" title="Tetracyclic antidepressant">Tetracyclic antidepressants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amoxapine" title="Amoxapine">amoxapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loxapine" title="Loxapine">loxapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maprotiline" title="Maprotiline">maprotiline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mianserin" title="Mianserin">mianserin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirtazapine" title="Mirtazapine">mirtazapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxaprotiline" title="Oxaprotiline">oxaprotiline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">Tricyclic antidepressants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">amitriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butriptyline" title="Butriptyline">butriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">clomipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desipramine" title="Desipramine">desipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dosulepin" title="Dosulepin">dosulepin (dothiepin)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doxepin" title="Doxepin">doxepin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">imipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iprindole" title="Iprindole">iprindole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lofepramine" title="Lofepramine">lofepramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nortriptyline" title="Nortriptyline">nortriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protriptyline" title="Protriptyline">protriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trimipramine" title="Trimipramine">trimipramine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typical_antipsychotic" title="Typical antipsychotic">Typical antipsychotics</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">chlorpromazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flupenthixol" class="mw-redirect" title="Flupenthixol">flupenthixol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluphenazine" title="Fluphenazine">fluphenazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loxapine" title="Loxapine">loxapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perphenazine" title="Perphenazine">perphenazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prochlorperazine" title="Prochlorperazine">prochlorperazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thioridazine" title="Thioridazine">thioridazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thiothixene" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiothixene">thiothixene</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li>Unknown/unsorted: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azanator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azanator (page does not exist)">Azanator</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belarizine (page does not exist)">Belarizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elbanizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elbanizine (page does not exist)">Elbanizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flotrenizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flotrenizine (page does not exist)">Flotrenizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSK1004723&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSK1004723 (page does not exist)">GSK1004723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napactadine" title="Napactadine">Napactadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagorizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tagorizine (page does not exist)">Tagorizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trelnarizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trelnarizine (page does not exist)">Trelnarizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trenizine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trenizine (page does not exist)">Trenizine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Histamine_H2_receptor" title="Histamine H2 receptor">H2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amthamine" title="Amthamine">Amthamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betazole" title="Betazole">Betazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimaprit" title="Dimaprit">Dimaprit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">Histamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine_trifluoromethyl_toluidide" title="Histamine trifluoromethyl toluidide">HTMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impromidine" title="Impromidine">Impromidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Histidine" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Histidine">L-Histidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR-AK49" title="UR-AK49">UR-AK49</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bisfentidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bisfentidine (page does not exist)">Bisfentidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burimamide" title="Burimamide">Burimamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimetidine" title="Cimetidine">Cimetidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalcotidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalcotidine (page does not exist)">Dalcotidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donetidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donetidine (page does not exist)">Donetidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrotidine" title="Ebrotidine">Ebrotidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etintidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etintidine (page does not exist)">Etintidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famotidine" title="Famotidine">Famotidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isolamtidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isolamtidine (page does not exist)">Isolamtidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafutidine" title="Lafutidine">Lafutidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamtidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamtidine (page does not exist)">Lamtidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavoltidine" title="Lavoltidine">Lavoltidine (loxtidine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupitidine" title="Lupitidine">Lupitidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metiamide" title="Metiamide">Metiamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mifentidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mifentidine (page does not exist)">Mifentidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niperotidine" title="Niperotidine">Niperotidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizatidine" title="Nizatidine">Nizatidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osutidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osutidine (page does not exist)">Osutidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxmetidine" title="Oxmetidine">Oxmetidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pibutidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pibutidine (page does not exist)">Pibutidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quisultazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quisultazine (page does not exist)">Quisultazine (quisultidine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramixotidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramixotidine (page does not exist)">Ramixotidine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ranitidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxatidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Roxatidine">Roxatidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufotidine" title="Sufotidine">Sufotidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiotidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiotidine (page does not exist)">Tiotidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuvatidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuvatidine (page does not exist)">Tuvatidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venritidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venritidine (page does not exist)">Venritidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xaltidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xaltidine (page does not exist)">Xaltidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolantidine" title="Zolantidine">Zolantidine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Histamine_H3_receptor" title="Histamine H3 receptor">H3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Methylhistamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Methylhistamine">α-Methylhistamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipralisant" title="Cipralisant">Cipralisant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">Histamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imetit" title="Imetit">Imetit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immepip" title="Immepip">Immepip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immethridine" title="Immethridine">Immethridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Histidine" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Histidine">L-Histidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methimepip" title="Methimepip">Methimepip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxyfan" title="Proxyfan">Proxyfan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-349821" title="A-349821">A-349821</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-423579" title="A-423579">A-423579</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABT-239" title="ABT-239">ABT-239</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-652&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-652 (page does not exist)">ABT-652</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD5213&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD5213 (page does not exist)">AZD5213</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bavisant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bavisant (page does not exist)">Bavisant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betahistine" title="Betahistine">Betahistine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burimamide" title="Burimamide">Burimamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciproxifan" title="Ciproxifan">Ciproxifan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobenpropit" title="Clobenpropit">Clobenpropit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conessine" title="Conessine">Conessine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enerisant" title="Enerisant">Enerisant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK-189254" title="GSK-189254">GSK-189254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impentamine" title="Impentamine">Impentamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodophenpropit" title="Iodophenpropit">Iodophenpropit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irdabisant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irdabisant (page does not exist)">Irdabisant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JNJ-5207852" title="JNJ-5207852">JNJ-5207852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NNC_38-1049" title="NNC 38-1049">NNC 38-1049</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-03654746" title="PF-03654746">PF-03654746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitolisant" title="Pitolisant">Pitolisant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCH-79687" title="SCH-79687">SCH-79687</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioperamide" title="Thioperamide">Thioperamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VUF-5681" title="VUF-5681">VUF-5681</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Histamine_H4_receptor" title="Histamine H4 receptor">H4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylhistamine" title="4-Methylhistamine">4-Methylhistamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Methylhistamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Methylhistamine">α-Methylhistamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">Histamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Histidine" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Histidine">L-Histidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OUP-16" title="OUP-16">OUP-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VUF-8430" title="VUF-8430">VUF-8430</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JNJ-7777120" title="JNJ-7777120">JNJ-7777120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianserin" title="Mianserin">Mianserin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seliforant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seliforant (page does not exist)">Seliforant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioperamide" title="Thioperamide">Thioperamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toreforant" title="Toreforant">Toreforant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VUF-6002" title="VUF-6002">VUF-6002</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_metabolism_modulators" title="Template:Monoamine metabolism modulators">Monoamine metabolism modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_reuptake_inhibitors" title="Template:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors">Monoamine reuptake inhibitors</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="GSK201" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:GSK" title="Template:GSK"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:GSK" title="Template talk:GSK"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:GSK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:GSK"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="GSK201" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/GSK_plc" title="GSK plc">GSK</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="GlaxoSmithKline Pakistan">GlaxoSmithKline Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline_Pharmaceuticals_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd">GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiefel_Laboratories" title="Stiefel Laboratories">Stiefel Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesaro" title="Tesaro">Tesaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ViiV_Healthcare" title="ViiV Healthcare">ViiV Healthcare</a> (85%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Haleon" title="Haleon">Haleon</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors, acquisitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_%26_Hanburys" title="Allen & Hanburys">Allen & Hanburys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beecham_Group" title="Beecham Group">Beecham Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_Drug" title="Block Drug">Block Drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK_plc#Glaxo_Wellcome" title="GSK plc">Burroughs Wellcome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK_plc#Glaxo_Wellcome" title="GSK plc">Glaxo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK_plc#Glaxo_Wellcome" title="GSK plc">Glaxo Wellcome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Sciences" title="Human Genome Sciences">Human Genome Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recherche_et_Industrie_Th%C3%A9rapeutiques" title="Recherche et Industrie Thérapeutiques">Recherche et Industrie Thérapeutiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliant_Pharmaceuticals" title="Reliant Pharmaceuticals">Reliant Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._E._Massengill_Company" title="S. E. Massengill Company">S. E. Massengill Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK_plc#SmithKline_Beecham" title="GSK plc">SmithKline Beecham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith,_Kline_%26_French" title="Smith, Kline & French">Smith, Kline & French</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pharma</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone/salmeterol" title="Fluticasone/salmeterol">Advair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlistat" title="Orlistat">Alli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoxicillin/clavulanic_acid" title="Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid">Augmentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosiglitazone" title="Rosiglitazone">Avandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone" title="Beclometasone">Beconase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibandronic_acid" title="Ibandronic acid">Boniva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_propionate" title="Fluticasone propionate">Flixonase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topotecan" title="Topotecan">Hycamtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamotrigine" title="Lamotrigine">Lamictal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">Paxil/Seroxat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piboserod" title="Piboserod">Serlipet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimetidine" title="Cimetidine">Tagamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salbutamol" title="Salbutamol">Ventolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Wellbutrin/Zyban</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zantac</a> … <a href="/wiki/List_of_GSK_plc_products" title="List of GSK plc products">more</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vaccines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_syncytial_virus_vaccine" title="Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine">Arexvy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bexsero" class="mw-redirect" title="Bexsero">Bexsero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boostrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Boostrix">Boostrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervarix" title="Cervarix">Cervarix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engerix-B" class="mw-redirect" title="Engerix-B">Engerix-B </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluarix" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluarix">Fluarix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FluLaval" class="mw-redirect" title="FluLaval">FluLaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Havrix">Havrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatyrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepatyrix">Hepatyrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiberix" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiberix">Hiberix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanrix">Infanrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H5N1_vaccine" title="H5N1 vaccine">H5N1 vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinrix">Kinrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menveo" class="mw-redirect" title="Menveo">Menveo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemrix" title="Pandemrix">Pandemrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediarix" class="mw-redirect" title="Pediarix">Pediarix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabavert" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabavert">Rabavert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotarix" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotarix">Rotarix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoster_vaccine#Shingrix" title="Zoster vaccine">Shingrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_A_and_B_vaccine" title="Hepatitis A and B vaccine">Twinrix</a> … <a href="/wiki/List_of_GSK_plc_products" title="List of GSK plc products">more</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actifed" title="Actifed">Actifed</a></li> <li>Advil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquafresh" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquafresh">Aquafresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BC_Powder" title="BC Powder">BC Powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotene" title="Biotene">Biotene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caltrate" title="Caltrate">Caltrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrum_(multivitamin)" title="Centrum (multivitamin)">Centrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChapStick" title="ChapStick">ChapStick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergen-C" title="Emergen-C">Emergen-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eno_(drug)" title="Eno (drug)">Eno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excedrin_(brand)" title="Excedrin (brand)">Excedrin</a></li> <li>Flonase</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geritol" title="Geritol">Geritol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goody%27s_Powder" title="Goody's Powder">Goody's Powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horlicks" title="Horlicks">Horlicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucozade" title="Lucozade">Lucozade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicoderm" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicoderm">Nicoderm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicorette" title="Nicorette">Nicorette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niquitin" title="Niquitin">NiQuitin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parodontax" title="Parodontax">Parodontax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribena" title="Ribena">Ribena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensodyne" title="Sensodyne">Sensodyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tums" title="Tums">Tums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of Directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hampton" title="Philip Hampton">Philip Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Walmsley" title="Emma Walmsley">Emma Walmsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Dingemans" title="Simon Dingemans">Simon Dingemans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_M._Anderson" title="Roy M. Anderson">Roy M. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Banga" title="M. S. Banga">Manvinder Banga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vallance" title="Patrick Vallance">Patrick Vallance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivienne_Cox" title="Vivienne Cox">Vivienne Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Elsenhans" title="Lynn Elsenhans">Lynn Elsenhans</a></li> <li>Jesse Goodman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Lewent" title="Judy Lewent">Judy Lewent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urs_Rohner" title="Urs Rohner">Urs Rohner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Glimcher" title="Laurie Glimcher">Laurie Glimcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Beecham_(chemist)" title="Thomas Beecham (chemist)">Thomas Beecham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_M._Burroughs_(pharmacist)" title="Silas M. Burroughs (pharmacist)">Silas M. Burroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Kline" title="Mahlon Kline">Mahlon Kline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Smith" title="John K. Smith">John K. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wellcome" title="Henry Wellcome">Henry Wellcome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Witty" title="Andrew Witty">Andrew Witty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Gent" title="Chris Gent">Chris Gent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_v._GlaxoSmithKline_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Canada v. GlaxoSmithKline Inc.">Canada v. GlaxoSmithKline Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_v._SmithKline_Beecham_Corp." title="Christopher v. SmithKline Beecham Corp.">Christopher v. SmithKline Beecham Corp.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline_Services_Unlimited_v_Commission" title="GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v Commission">GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Glaxo_Group_Ltd." title="United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.">United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._GlaxoSmithKline" title="United States v. GlaxoSmithKline">United States v. GlaxoSmithKline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Industry_Documents_Archive" title="Drug Industry Documents Archive">Drug Industry Documents Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline_Prize" title="GlaxoSmithKline Prize">GlaxoSmithKline Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_Effects_(Bass_book)" title="Side Effects (Bass book)">Side Effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Study_329" title="Study 329">Study 329</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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