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Disponible en 17 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88" title="أبكالو – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبكالو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apkallu" title="Apkallu – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Apkallu" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abgal" title="Abgal – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abgal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apkallu" title="Apkallu – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Apkallu" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abgal" title="Abgal – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abgal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apkallu" title="Apkallu – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Apkallu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apkallu" title="Apkallu – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Apkallu" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apkallu" title="Apkallu – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Apkallu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abgal" title="Abgal – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Abgal" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apkalu" title="Apkalu – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Apkalu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abgal" title="Abgal – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abgal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apkallu" title="Apkallu – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Apkallu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apcalu" title="Apcalu – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Apcalu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Абгаллу – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абгаллу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" 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metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Sept_sages" class="mw-disambig" title="Sept sages">Sept sages</a>. </p> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Apkallu_statuette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Apkallu_statuette.jpg/120px-Apkallu_statuette.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Apkallu_statuette.jpg/250px-Apkallu_statuette.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="1455" /></a><figcaption>Statuette représentant un sage-<i>apkallu</i> vêtu d'un costume en forme de poisson. Période néo-assyrienne, <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dans la <a href="/wiki/Mythologie_m%C3%A9sopotamienne" title="Mythologie mésopotamienne">mythologie mésopotamienne</a>, les <b>Sept Sages</b> (en <a href="/wiki/Akkadien" title="Akkadien">akkadien</a> <i>apkallu</i>, <a href="/wiki/Sum%C3%A9rien" title="Sumérien">sumérien</a> <i>Abgal</i>) sont des figures mythiques issues de la mer (l'<a href="/wiki/Aps%C3%BB" title="Apsû">Apsû</a>) qui, avant le <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9luge" title="Déluge">Déluge</a>, révélèrent aux hommes la science, les arts et les techniques<sup id="cite_ref-Joannès_746-748_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joannès_746-748-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Il est possible de les désigner sous l'appellation de « Mythe d'Abgal ». </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnages_«_civilisateurs_»"><span id="Personnages_.C2.AB_civilisateurs_.C2.BB"></span>Personnages « civilisateurs »</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sept_Sages_(mythologie)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Personnages « civilisateurs »" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sept_Sages_(mythologie)&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Personnages « civilisateurs »"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines" style="max-width: 945px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Plate_6_fish_god_(A_second_series_of_the_monuments_of_Nineveh)_1853_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Une image probable d'un Apkallu de Nimrud. Illustration de 1853."><img alt="Une image probable d'un Apkallu de Nimrud. Illustration de 1853." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Plate_6_fish_god_%28A_second_series_of_the_monuments_of_Nineveh%29_1853_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Plate_6_fish_god_%28A_second_series_of_the_monuments_of_Nineveh%29_1853_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Plate_6_fish_god_%28A_second_series_of_the_monuments_of_Nineveh%29_1853_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Plate_6_fish_god_%28A_second_series_of_the_monuments_of_Nineveh%29_1853_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="1243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Une image probable d'un Apkallu de Nimrud. Illustration de 1853.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Apkallu_figure-_bird-headed,_winged_figure_carrying_a_bucket_MET_158484.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Figurine d'Apkallu : figure ailée à tête d'oiseau portant un seau. Nimrud. Céramique néo-assyrienne, IXe – VIIIe siècle. The Met."><img alt="Figurine d'Apkallu : figure ailée à tête d'oiseau portant un seau. Nimrud. Céramique néo-assyrienne, IXe – VIIIe siècle. The Met." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Apkallu_figure-_bird-headed%2C_winged_figure_carrying_a_bucket_MET_158484.jpg/144px-Apkallu_figure-_bird-headed%2C_winged_figure_carrying_a_bucket_MET_158484.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Apkallu_figure-_bird-headed%2C_winged_figure_carrying_a_bucket_MET_158484.jpg/216px-Apkallu_figure-_bird-headed%2C_winged_figure_carrying_a_bucket_MET_158484.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Apkallu_figure-_bird-headed%2C_winged_figure_carrying_a_bucket_MET_158484.jpg/288px-Apkallu_figure-_bird-headed%2C_winged_figure_carrying_a_bucket_MET_158484.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2978" data-file-height="3722" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Figurine d'Apkallu : figure ailée à tête d'oiseau portant un seau. Nimrud. Céramique néo-assyrienne, <abbr class="abbr" title="9ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> – <abbr class="abbr" title="8ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle. The Met.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Apkallu_figure-_male_with_a_fish-skin_hood_MET_hb54_117_25.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Homme à la capuche de poisson : Apkallu. Nimrud. Céramique néo-assyrienne, IXe – VIIIe siècle. The Met."><img alt="Homme à la capuche de poisson : Apkallu. Nimrud. Céramique néo-assyrienne, IXe – VIIIe siècle. The Met." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Apkallu_figure-_male_with_a_fish-skin_hood_MET_hb54_117_25.jpg/68px-Apkallu_figure-_male_with_a_fish-skin_hood_MET_hb54_117_25.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Apkallu_figure-_male_with_a_fish-skin_hood_MET_hb54_117_25.jpg/102px-Apkallu_figure-_male_with_a_fish-skin_hood_MET_hb54_117_25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Apkallu_figure-_male_with_a_fish-skin_hood_MET_hb54_117_25.jpg/136px-Apkallu_figure-_male_with_a_fish-skin_hood_MET_hb54_117_25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="1056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Homme à la capuche de poisson : Apkallu. Nimrud. Céramique néo-assyrienne, <abbr class="abbr" title="9ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> – <abbr class="abbr" title="8ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle. The Met.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Apkallu_statuette_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apkallu. Statuette. Céramique néo-assyrienne. Assyrie, Nimrud ou Ninive. British Museum."><img alt="Apkallu. Statuette. Céramique néo-assyrienne. Assyrie, Nimrud ou Ninive. British Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Apkallu_statuette_2.jpg/82px-Apkallu_statuette_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Apkallu_statuette_2.jpg/123px-Apkallu_statuette_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Apkallu_statuette_2.jpg/164px-Apkallu_statuette_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1568" data-file-height="3444" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apkallu. Statuette. Céramique néo-assyrienne. Assyrie, Nimrud ou Ninive. British Museum.</div> </li> </ul> <p>Dans plusieurs contextes, les Apkallu sont sept demi-dieux, parfois décrits comme mi-homme mi-poisson, associés à la sagesse humaine ; ces créatures sont souvent désignées dans la littérature savante comme les Sept Sages. Parfois, les sages sont associés à un roi primitif spécifique. Après le déluge (voir <a href="/wiki/%C3%89pop%C3%A9e_de_Gilgamesh" title="Épopée de Gilgamesh">Épopée de Gilgamesh</a>), d'autres sages et rois sont répertoriés. Après le déluge, les sages sont considérés comme humains et, dans certains textes, se distinguent en étant appelés Ummanu, et non Apkallu. </p><p>Les termes Apkallu (ainsi qu'Abgal) sont également utilisés comme épithètes pour les rois et les dieux comme marque de sagesse ou de connaissance. </p><p>Une autre utilisation du terme Apkallu est lorsqu'il se réfère aux figurines utilisées dans les rituels apotropaïques ; ces figurines comprennent des hybrides homme-poisson représentant les sept sages, mais comprennent également des figures à tête d'oiseau et autres. </p><p>Comme ils sont mentionnés sous la forme d'êtres non-humains mi-hommes, mi-poissons<sup id="cite_ref-Joannès_746-748_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joannès_746-748-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on peut les comparer à des figures similaires dans d'autres cultures antiques : la figure récurrente de personnages, de héros ou de dieux civilisateurs qui apportent un savoir essentiel à l'être humain. On retrouve ce thème par exemple avec les <b>Trois Augustes</b> (voir <a href="/wiki/Sanhuangwudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanhuangwudi">Sanhuangwudi</a>) de la <a href="/wiki/Mythologie_chinoise" title="Mythologie chinoise">mythologie chinoise</a> : <a href="/wiki/Fuxi" title="Fuxi">Fuxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nüwa">Nüwa</a> et <a href="/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong">Shennong</a>. De même, dans la <a href="/wiki/Mythologie_hindoue" title="Mythologie hindoue">mythologie hindoue</a>, ce sont sept <a href="/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi">Rishi</a> (anciens Sages) qui sont censés avoir participé au <a href="/wiki/Veda" title="Veda">Veda</a> (le vrai savoir, la vraie connaissance). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L'Heptade_des_apkallu"><span id="L.27Heptade_des_apkallu"></span>L'Heptade des <i>apkallu</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sept_Sages_(mythologie)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : L'Heptade des apkallu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sept_Sages_(mythologie)&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : L'Heptade des apkallu"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Voici une liste collectée à partir de différentes sources dressées au <abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> millénaire <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> de l'ensemble des <b>Sept Sages</b>, que l'on pouvait appeler également "les Carpes brillantes, les Carpes de la mer, l'Heptade, les sept <i>apkallu</i> qui sont nés dans la Rivière, et qui sont les gardiens des plans du Ciel et de la Terre", ainsi que leurs titres<sup id="cite_ref-Joannès_746-748_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joannès_746-748-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><i>Uan(nadapa)</i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Adapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Adapa">Adapa</a></i>, « qui a achevé les plans du ciel et de la terre »</li> <li><i>Uan(ne)ugga</i>, « qui était doté d'une intelligence globale »</li> <li><i>Enmedugga</i>, « à qui on a attribué un bon sort »</li> <li><i>Enmegalamma</i>, « qui est né dans une maison »</li> <li><i>Enmebulugga</i>, « qui a grandi sur des pâturages »</li> <li><i>Anenlilda</i>, « l'illusionniste de la ville d'Eridu »</li> <li><i>Utuabzu</i>, « qui monta au ciel »</li></ul> <p>On peut comparer cette liste avec celle du prêtre, astronome et « historien » babylonien <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9rose" title="Bérose">Bérose</a> dans son œuvre <i>Babylõniaká</i> [« Histoire de Babylone »] (appelée également <i>Chaldaika</i> [« Histoire de la <a href="/wiki/Chald%C3%A9e" title="Chaldée">Chaldée</a> »]), publiée entre <a href="/wiki/-290" class="mw-redirect" title="-290">290</a> et <a href="/wiki/-278" class="mw-redirect" title="-278">278</a> av. J.-C., pour le compte du roi <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Mac%C3%A9doine" title="Royaume de Macédoine">macédonien</a>-<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9leucide" class="mw-redirect" title="Séleucide">séleucide</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiochos_Ier" title="Antiochos Ier">Antiochos <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a> : </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oann%C3%A8s" title="Oannès">Oannès</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Adapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Adapa">Adapa</a></i>)</li> <li><i>Euedôkos</i></li> <li><i>Eneugamos</i></li> <li><i>Eneuboulos</i></li> <li><i>Anêmentos</i></li> <li><i>Odakôn</i></li> <li><i>Anodaphos</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Les_apkallu_humains">Les <i>apkallu</i> humains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sept_Sages_(mythologie)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Les apkallu humains" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sept_Sages_(mythologie)&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Les apkallu humains"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un second ensemble de quatre <b>Sages</b>, d'origine humaine, complèterait le premier<sup id="cite_ref-Joannès_746-748_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joannès_746-748-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><i>Nunpiriggaldim</i></li> <li><i>Piriggalnungal</i></li> <li><i>Piriggalabzu</i></li> <li><i>Lu-Nanna</i></li></ul> <p>Après ceux-là, les <b>Sages</b> ne s'appelleront plus des <i>apkallu</i>, mais des <i>ummânu</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ressources_bibliographiques">Ressources bibliographiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sept_Sages_(mythologie)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Ressources bibliographiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sept_Sages_(mythologie)&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Ressources bibliographiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>sous la direction de Francis Joannès, <i>Dictionnaire de la Civilisation Mésopotamienne</i>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Robert_Laffont" title="Éditions Robert Laffont">Éditions Robert Laffont</a> - Collection "Bouquins", <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2221092071" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2221092071"><span class="nowrap">978-2221092071</span></a>)</small></li> <li>Karel van der Toorn, Bob Becking et Pieter Willem van der Horst, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&pg=PA73&dq=apkallu&lr=&sig=iVDP-u67TkH93E5lrc4hLNR6Wp0">Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sept_Sages_(mythologie)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sept_Sages_(mythologie)&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Joannès_746-748-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Joannès_746-748_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joannès_746-748_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joannès_746-748_1-2">c</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Joannès_746-748_1-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">"Dictionnaire de la Civilisation Mésopotamienne", sous la direction de Francis Joannès - article <i>Sages</i> pp.746-748 de Francis Joannès</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sept_Sages_(mythologie)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sept_Sages_(mythologie)&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kchanson.com/ANCDOCS/meso/meso.html">K. C. Hanson's Collection of Mesopotamian Documents</a> - Ensemble à but pédagogique de diverses traductions en anglais et/ou translittérations de textes mésopotamiens.</li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Mythologie" title="Portail de la mythologie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ancient_Greek_Pegasus_icon.png/40px-Ancient_Greek_Pegasus_icon.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ancient_Greek_Pegasus_icon.png/60px-Ancient_Greek_Pegasus_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Ancient_Greek_Pegasus_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="45" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Mythologie" title="Portail:Mythologie">Portail de la mythologie</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Monde_antique" title="Portail du monde antique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Portal_Antiquity_icon.svg/24px-Portal_Antiquity_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Portal_Antiquity_icon.svg/36px-Portal_Antiquity_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Portal_Antiquity_icon.svg/48px-Portal_Antiquity_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Monde_antique" title="Portail:Monde antique">Portail du monde antique</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Proche-Orient_ancien" title="Portail du Proche-Orient ancien"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Babylonlion.JPG/27px-Babylonlion.JPG" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Babylonlion.JPG/41px-Babylonlion.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Babylonlion.JPG/55px-Babylonlion.JPG 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="218" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Proche-Orient_ancien" title="Portail:Proche-Orient ancien">Portail du Proche-Orient ancien</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:M%C3%A9sopotamie" title="Portail de la Mésopotamie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png/40px-Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png/60px-Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png/120px-Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1484" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:M%C3%A9sopotamie" title="Portail:Mésopotamie">Portail de la Mésopotamie</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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