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An example of multi-objective flower pollination algorithm (MOPFA) is also given with link to the Matlab code.","publication_date":"2014,,"},"document_type":"talk","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Flower Pollination Algorithm: An Introduction","broadcastable":false,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [344652]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":62899444,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Flower Pollination Algorithm: An Introduction”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/62899444/mini_magick20200410-3639-izur5d.png?1586521550" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Flower Pollination Algorithm: An Introduction</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="344652" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/XinSheYang"><img alt="Profile image of Xin-She Yang" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/344652/1098577/1370066/s65_xin-she.yang.jpg" />Xin-She Yang</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2014</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This presentation explains the fundamental ideas of the standard Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA), which also contains the links to the free Matlab codes at Mathswork file exchanges and the animations of numerical simulations (video at Youtube). An example of multi-objective flower pollination algorithm (MOPFA) is also given with link to the Matlab code.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":62899444,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/42682955/Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_An_Introduction"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":62899444,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/42682955/Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_An_Introduction"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="62899444" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/42682955/Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_An_Introduction" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="91439133" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91439133/Flower_pollination_algorithm_development_a_state_of_art_review">Flower pollination algorithm development: a state of art review</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="180438277" href="https://independent.academia.edu/sangeetapant1">sangeeta pant</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Flower pollination algorithm development: a state of art review","attachmentId":94726952,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91439133/Flower_pollination_algorithm_development_a_state_of_art_review","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91439133/Flower_pollination_algorithm_development_a_state_of_art_review"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="62877239" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62877239/Recent_Advances_in_Flower_Pollination_Algorithm">Recent Advances in Flower Pollination Algorithm</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="140393508" href="https://neu.academia.edu/NabilDiab">Nabil Diab</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Recent Advances in Flower Pollination Algorithm","attachmentId":75501466,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62877239/Recent_Advances_in_Flower_Pollination_Algorithm","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62877239/Recent_Advances_in_Flower_Pollination_Algorithm"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="35039342" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35039342/Variants_of_the_Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_A_Review">Variants of the Flower Pollination Algorithm: A Review</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1022261" href="https://uokufa.academia.edu/ZaidAlyasseri">Zaid Alyasseri</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is a nature-inspired algorithm that imitates the pollination behavior of flowering plants. Optimal plant reproduction strategy involves the survival of the fittest as well as the optimal reproduction of plants in terms of numbers. These factors represent the fundamentals of the FPA and are optimization-oriented. Yang developed the FPA in 2012, which has since shown superiority to other metaheuristic algorithms in solving various real-world problems, such as power and energy, signal and image processing, communications , structural design, clustering and feature selection, global function optimization , computer gaming, and wireless sensor networking. Recently, many variants of FPA have been developed by modification, hybridization, and parameter-tuning to cope with the complex nature of optimization problems. Therefore, this chapter provides a comprehensive review for FPA variants from 2012 to present.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Variants of the Flower Pollination Algorithm: A Review","attachmentId":54901435,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35039342/Variants_of_the_Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_A_Review","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35039342/Variants_of_the_Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_A_Review"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="68084979" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68084979/A_Novel_Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_based_on_Genetic_Algorithm_Operators">A Novel Flower Pollination Algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm Operators</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9715242" href="https://aalto-fi.academia.edu/KaiZenger">Kai Zenger</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of The 9th EUROSIM Congress on Modelling and Simulation, EUROSIM 2016, The 57th SIMS Conference on Simulation and Modelling SIMS 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Novel Flower Pollination Algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm Operators","attachmentId":78687935,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68084979/A_Novel_Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_based_on_Genetic_Algorithm_Operators","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68084979/A_Novel_Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_based_on_Genetic_Algorithm_Operators"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="19974519" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19974519/A_Review_of_the_Applications_of_Bio_Inspired_Flower_Pollination_Algorithm">A Review of the Applications of Bio-Inspired Flower Pollination Algorithm</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32123152" href="https://malaya.academia.edu/ChiromaHaruna">Chiroma Haruna</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) is a novel bio-inspired optimization algorithm that mimics the real life processes of the flower pollination. In this paper, we review the applications of the Single Flower Pollination Algorithm (SFPA), Multi-objective Flower Pollination Algorithm an extension of the SFPA and the Hybrid of FPA with other bio-inspired algorithms. The review has shown that there is still a room for the extension of the FPA to Binary FPA. The review presented in this paper can inspire researchers in the bio-inspired algorithms research community to further improve the effectiveness of the PFA as well as to apply the algorithm in other domains for solving real life, complex and nonlinear optimization problems in engineering and industry. Further research and open questions were highlighted in the paper.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Review of the Applications of Bio-Inspired Flower Pollination Algorithm","attachmentId":40940217,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19974519/A_Review_of_the_Applications_of_Bio_Inspired_Flower_Pollination_Algorithm","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19974519/A_Review_of_the_Applications_of_Bio_Inspired_Flower_Pollination_Algorithm"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="2208928" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2208928/Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_for_Global_Optimization">Flower Pollination Algorithm for Global Optimization</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="344652" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/XinSheYang">Xin-She Yang</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Flower Pollination Algorithm for Global Optimization","attachmentId":32596976,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2208928/Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_for_Global_Optimization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2208928/Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_for_Global_Optimization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="85878229" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85878229/Multi_group_Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_Based_on_Novel_Communication_Strategies">Multi-group Flower Pollination Algorithm Based on Novel Communication Strategies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42915265" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JengshyangPan">Jeng-shyang Pan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Internet Technology, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Multi-group Flower Pollination Algorithm (MFPA) based on novel communication strategies was proposed with an eye to the disadvantages of the Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA), such as tardy convergence rate, inferior search accuracy, and strong local optimum. By introducing a parallel operation to divide the population into some groups, the global search capability of the algorithm was improved. Then three new communication strategies were proposed. Strategy 1 combined high-quality pollens of each group for evolution and replaced the old pollens. Strategy 2 let each group’s inferior pollens approaching to the optimal pollen. Strategy 3 was a combination of strategies 1 and 2. Then, experiments on 25 classical test functions show that MFPA based on novel communication strategies has a good global optimization ability, improving the convergence speed and accuracy of the FPA. Thus, we compare MFPA using three strategies with FPA and PSO, its result shows that MFPA is better than FPA a...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Multi-group Flower Pollination Algorithm Based on Novel Communication Strategies","attachmentId":90449400,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85878229/Multi_group_Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_Based_on_Novel_Communication_Strategies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85878229/Multi_group_Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_Based_on_Novel_Communication_Strategies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="79440879" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79440879/Application_of_mutation_operators_to_flower_pollination_algorithm">Application of mutation operators to flower pollination algorithm</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10220761" href="https://chandigarhuniversity.academia.edu/rohitsalgotra">rohit salgotra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Expert Systems with Applications, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Application of mutation operators to flower pollination algorithm","attachmentId":86154912,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79440879/Application_of_mutation_operators_to_flower_pollination_algorithm","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79440879/Application_of_mutation_operators_to_flower_pollination_algorithm"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="35577745" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35577745/Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_for_Multimodal_Optimization">Flower Pollination Algorithm for Multimodal Optimization</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="17675683" href="https://guadalajara.academia.edu/JorgeG%C3%A1lvez">Jorge Gálvez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper proposes a new algorithm called Multimodal Flower Pollination Algorithm (MFPA). Under MFPA, the original Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) is enhanced with multimodal capabilities in order to find all possible optima in an optimization problem. The performance of the proposed MFPA is compared to several multimodal approaches considering the evaluation in a set of well-known benchmark functions. Experimental data indicate that the proposed MFPA provides better results over other multimodal competitors in terms of accuracy and robustness.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Flower Pollination Algorithm for Multimodal Optimization","attachmentId":55443799,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35577745/Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_for_Multimodal_Optimization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35577745/Flower_Pollination_Algorithm_for_Multimodal_Optimization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="29687660" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29687660/Engineering_Optimization_Flower_pollination_algorithm_A_novel_approach_for_multiobjective_optimization_Flower_pollination_algorithm_A_novel_approach_for_multiobjective_optimization">Engineering Optimization Flower pollination algorithm: A novel approach for multiobjective optimization Flower pollination algorithm: A novel approach for multiobjective optimization</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="17509" href="https://mdx.academia.edu/MehmetKaramanoglu">Prof Mehmet Karamanoglu</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="344652" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/XinSheYang">Xin-She Yang</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Multiobjective design optimization problems require multiobjective optimization techniques to solve, and it is often very challenging to obtain high-quality Pareto fronts accurately. In this article, the recently developed flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is extended to solve multiobjective optimization problems. The proposed method is used to solve a set of multiobjective test functions and two bi-objective design benchmarks, and a comparison of the proposed algorithm with other algorithms has been made, which shows that the FPA is efficient with a good convergence rate. Finally, the importance for further parametric studies and theoretical analysis is highlighted and discussed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Engineering Optimization Flower pollination algorithm: A novel approach for multiobjective optimization Flower pollination algorithm: A novel approach for multiobjective optimization","attachmentId":50127244,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29687660/Engineering_Optimization_Flower_pollination_algorithm_A_novel_approach_for_multiobjective_optimization_Flower_pollination_algorithm_A_novel_approach_for_multiobjective_optimization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29687660/Engineering_Optimization_Flower_pollination_algorithm_A_novel_approach_for_multiobjective_optimization_Flower_pollination_algorithm_A_novel_approach_for_multiobjective_optimization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":62899444,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":62899444,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_62899444" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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