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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-渭河清濁考證" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#渭河清濁考證"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>渭河清濁考證</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-渭河清濁考證-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-詩經典籍中的渭水" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#詩經典籍中的渭水"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>詩經典籍中的渭水</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-詩經典籍中的渭水-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-渭河沿岸主要城市" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#渭河沿岸主要城市"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>渭河沿岸主要城市</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-渭河沿岸主要城市-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">渭河</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。37种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%88%D9%89_(%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1)" title="نهر وى (نهر) – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نهر وى (نهر)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Вэйхэ – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вэйхэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%85%D1%8A_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8A)" title="Уейхъ (приток на Хуанхъ) – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уейхъ (приток на Хуанхъ)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riu_Wei" title="Riu Wei – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Riu Wei" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_He_(suba_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina,_lat_34,61,_long_110,28)" title="Wei He (suba sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina, lat 34,61, long 110,28) – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Wei He (suba sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina, lat 34,61, long 110,28)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wej-che_(p%C5%99%C3%ADtok_%C5%BDlut%C3%A9_%C5%99eky)" title="Wej-che (přítok Žluté řeky) – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wej-che (přítok Žluté řeky)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Вэйхэ – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вэйхэ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_He" title="Wei He – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wei He" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_He" title="Wei He – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wei He" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_River" title="Wei River – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wei River" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vei" title="Vei – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vei" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Wei" title="Río Wei – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Río Wei" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_ibaia" title="Wei ibaia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wei ibaia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87)" title="وی (رودخانه) – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وی (رودخانه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weijoki" title="Weijoki – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Weijoki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_(affluent_du_fleuve_Jaune)" title="Wei (affluent du fleuve Jaune) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wei (affluent du fleuve Jaune)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8)" title="वेई नदी (चीन) – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वेई नदी (चीन)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Wei" title="Sungai Wei – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sungai Wei" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiume_Wei" title="Fiume Wei – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fiume Wei" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E6%B0%B4" title="渭水 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="渭水" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%ED%97%88" title="웨이허 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="웨이허" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veih%C4%97_(Huangh%C4%97)" title="Veihė (Huanghė) – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Veihė (Huanghė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%98_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Веј (река) – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Веј (река)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_He" title="Wei He – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wei He" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_He" title="Wei He – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Wei He" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_He" title="Wei He – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wei He" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_He" title="Wei He – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wei He" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ویئی دریا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ویئی دریا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Wei" title="Rio Wei – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rio Wei" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei" title="Wei – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%85%D1%8D_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D)" title="Вэйхэ (приток Хуанхэ) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вэйхэ (приток Хуанхэ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weifloden" title="Weifloden – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Weifloden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_Nehri" title="Wei Nehri – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Wei Nehri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%8B_H%C3%A0" title="Vị Hà – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vị Hà" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3" title="渭河 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="渭河" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E6%B0%B4" title="渭水 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="渭水" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3" title="渭河 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="渭河" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q847641#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > 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hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&oldid=85659005" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&id=85659005&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B8%25AD%25E6%25B2%25B3"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B8%25AD%25E6%25B2%25B3"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wei_River_(Yellow_River_tributary)" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q847641" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2021年8月22日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/25px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/38px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/50px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><b>提示</b>：此条目的主题不是<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A3%E6%B8%AD%E6%B0%B4" title="蔣渭水">蔣渭水</a></b>。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;">渭河</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weirivermap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Weirivermap.png/250px-Weirivermap.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Weirivermap.png/375px-Weirivermap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Weirivermap.png/500px-Weirivermap.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="825" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">渭河流域圖</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_88f78f867f5d3bb14205383ecf4855da72754ff4"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200.png?lang=zh&domain=zh.wikipedia.org&title=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&revid=85659005&groups=_88f78f867f5d3bb14205383ecf4855da72754ff4" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=zh&domain=zh.wikipedia.org&title=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&revid=85659005&groups=_88f78f867f5d3bb14205383ecf4855da72754ff4 2x" alt="地图" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;;">流域</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">源頭</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><span style="font-weight:normal;"> • 位置</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83%E7%9C%81" title="甘肃省">甘肃省</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%82" title="定西市">定西市</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E6%BA%90%E5%8E%BF" title="渭源县">渭源县</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E9%BC%A0%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="鸟鼠山">鸟鼠山</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">河口</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" title="陕西省">陕西省</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%BC%E5%85%B3%E5%8E%BF" title="潼关县">潼关县</a>入<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3" title="黄河">黄河</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">流域面積</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">134766平方公里</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">流經国家</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;;">本貌</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">長度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">818公里</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:202309_Tongguan_Ancient_City_Overview.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/202309_Tongguan_Ancient_City_Overview.jpg/220px-202309_Tongguan_Ancient_City_Overview.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/202309_Tongguan_Ancient_City_Overview.jpg/330px-202309_Tongguan_Ancient_City_Overview.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/202309_Tongguan_Ancient_City_Overview.jpg/440px-202309_Tongguan_Ancient_City_Overview.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>渭河于<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%BC%E5%85%B3" title="潼关">潼关</a>汇入<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3" title="黄河">黄河</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>渭河</b>，古称<b>渭水</b>，是<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3" title="黄河">黄河</a>的第一大<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%B5%81" title="支流">支流</a>。发源于中国<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83%E7%9C%81" title="甘肃省">甘肃省</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E6%BA%90%E5%8E%BF" title="渭源县">渭源县</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E9%BC%A0%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="鸟鼠山">鸟鼠山</a>东侧和西秦岭北侧，主要流经今<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83%E7%9C%81" title="甘肃省">甘肃省</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="天水">天水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" title="陕西省">陕西省</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E4%B8%AD%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="关中平原">关中平原</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E9%B8%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="宝鸡">宝鸡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%98%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="咸阳">咸阳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="西安">西安</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="渭南">渭南</a>等地，至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="渭南市">渭南市</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%BC%E5%85%B3%E5%8E%BF" title="潼关县">潼关县</a>汇入<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3" title="黄河">黄河</a>，全长约818公里。<sup id="cite_ref-Fishes_YR_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fishes_YR-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 渭河流域包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="甘肃">甘肃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E5%A4%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="宁夏">宁夏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="陕西">陕西</a>三省区，总面积134766平方公里，其中陕西占50%，甘肃占44%。渭河南有东西走向的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%B2%AD" title="秦岭">秦岭</a>横亘，北有<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E7%9B%98%E5%B1%B1" title="六盘山">六盘山</a>屏障。渭河流域可分为东西二部：西为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄土丘陵（页面不存在）">黄土丘陵</a>沟壑区，东为<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E4%B8%AD%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="关中平原">关中平原</a>（又叫<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="渭河平原">渭河平原</a>）区。 </p><p>渭河上游以及北岸<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BE%E6%B2%B3" title="泾河">泾河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%B2%B3_(%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3)" title="洛河 (渭河)">洛河</a>等支流，流经<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="黄土高原">黄土高原</a>，携带大量泥沙。 </p><p>在甘肃省境内，渭河主要支流有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%A6%E7%A5%81%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="秦祁河（页面不存在）">秦祁河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%B8%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大咸河（页面不存在）">大咸河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%A3%E6%B8%A1%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="散渡河（页面不存在）">散渡河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%89%E9%99%87%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="义陇河（页面不存在）">义陇河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%9C%E6%B2%99%E6%B2%B3" title="榜沙河">榜沙河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%A3%E6%B8%A1%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="散渡河（页面不存在）">散渡河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%AB%E8%8A%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="葫芦河">葫芦河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%89%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藉河（页面不存在）">藉河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E5%A4%B4%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛头河（页面不存在）">牛头河</a>等。 </p><p>陕西省境内渭河流域右岸南山支流较多，从西到东有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%A7%9C%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="清姜河（页面不存在）">清姜河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%B3_(%E9%BB%83%E6%B2%B3)" title="清水河 (黃河)">清水河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%A4%B4%E6%B2%B3_(%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81)" title="石头河 (陕西省)">石头河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%B1%A4%E5%B3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西汤峪（页面不存在）">西汤峪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B2%B3_(%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF)" title="黑河 (陕西)">黑河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%9D%E5%B3%AA%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="涝峪河">涝峪河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="新河">新河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%A3%E6%B2%B3_(%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3)" title="沣河 (渭河)">沣河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%82%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="皂河">皂河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%9E%E6%B2%B3" title="灞河">灞河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B6%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="零河（页面不存在）">零河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%AD%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="湭河（页面不存在）">湭河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%B3" title="赤水河">赤水河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%87%E4%BB%99%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遇仙河（页面不存在）">遇仙河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B9%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗纹河（页面不存在）">罗纹河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E6%95%B7%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗敷河（页面不存在）">罗敷河</a>等，大都水清、源短、流急，较长的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B2%B3_(%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF)" title="黑河 (陕西)">黑河</a>125公里，<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%9E%E6%B2%B3" title="灞河">灞河</a>104公里，其余皆不足百公里。左岸为黄土阶地原区，支流稀少，从西向东有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E5%85%B3%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="通关河（页面不存在）">通关河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小水河（页面不存在）">小水河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E9%99%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金陵河（页面不存在）">金陵河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%83%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="千河（页面不存在）">千河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%86%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%B3" title="漆水河">漆水河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BE%E6%B2%B3" title="泾河">泾河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%B7%9D%E6%B2%B3_(%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3)" title="石川河 (渭河)">石川河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B4%9B%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="北洛河">洛河</a>等，大多水量相对较小而含沙量很大，流长在百公里以上。 </p><p>在西安咸阳地区的渭河河段及其在这一地区的八条支流构成了自古以来著名的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%B0%B4%E7%BB%95%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89" title="八水绕长安">八水绕长安</a>，说明关中地区在古时候的优越的自然条件。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%85%AB%E6%B0%B4%E7%BB%95%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%E5%85%AB%E6%B0%B4%E7%BB%95%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE.jpg/220px-%E5%85%AB%E6%B0%B4%E7%BB%95%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%E5%85%AB%E6%B0%B4%E7%BB%95%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE.jpg/330px-%E5%85%AB%E6%B0%B4%E7%BB%95%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%E5%85%AB%E6%B0%B4%E7%BB%95%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE.jpg/440px-%E5%85%AB%E6%B0%B4%E7%BB%95%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>地图描绘了八水绕长安的八条河流的分布</figcaption></figure> <p>中國古代歷代為了灌溉和水運的目的，修築了渠道。公元前246年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D" title="秦朝">秦朝</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B8%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鄭國渠">鄭國渠</a>引涇河到洛河、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%95%E6%B8%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="漕渠">漕渠</a>，漢武帝時的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%85%AC%E6%B8%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="白公渠">白公渠</a>引涇河到渭河、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BE%E6%83%A0%E6%B8%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="泾惠渠">涇惠渠</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%AD%E6%83%A0%E6%B8%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="渭惠渠（页面不存在）">渭惠渠</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E6%83%A0%E6%B8%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洛惠渠（页面不存在）">洛惠渠</a>等水道，這些渠道主要集中在渭河的中下游。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="渭河清濁考證"><span id=".E6.B8.AD.E6.B2.B3.E6.B8.85.E6.BF.81.E8.80.83.E8.AD.89"></span>渭河清濁考證</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：渭河清濁考證"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>自古以來關於渭河跟<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BE%E6%B2%B3" title="泾河">涇河</a>，究竟是“涇清渭濁”？還是“涇濁渭清”？學界看法各有分歧，但<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="陝西省作家協會">陝西省作家協會</a>會員，研究涇河的作家李勝靈認為基本上是涇清渭濁，但會隨著人為以及自然等不同因素而有所改變。 </p><p>像<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8" title="西周">西周</a>時期，渭河<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E6%B8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="下游">下游</a>就已發展為<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="農業">農業</a>較發達地區，<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="森林">森林</a>面積逐漸縮小，土壤自然容易受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8%E5%BE%84%E6%B5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="地表径流">地表徑流</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="侵蚀作用">侵蝕</a>，雖然這種現像只限於渭河的下游地區，但已經影響到渭河整體的清澈。而當時的涇河<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F" title="流域">流域</a>，居住在上游的<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="戎人">戎人</a>還過著原始的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E7%89%A7" title="游牧">游牧</a>生活，土壤侵蝕較少，因而涇清渭濁。 </p><p>到了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F" title="北魏">北魏</a>後期涇河上游陸續增置<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A1%E7%B8%A3%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="郡縣制">郡縣</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%AD%8F" title="西魏">西魏</a>時又先後在涇河<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%B5%81" title="支流">大支流</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%8E%B2%E6%B2%B3" title="马莲河">馬蓮河</a>流域設置<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94%E5%B7%9E_(%E8%A5%BF%E9%AD%8F)" title="朔州 (西魏)">朔州</a>等三個<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9E" title="州">州</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="隋">隋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90" class="mw-redirect" title="唐">唐</a>兩<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E4%BB%A3" title="朝代">朝</a>，涇河上游人口皆較渭河上游稠密，農業耕耘對土壤的侵蝕十分明顯，而唐朝的渭河流域由於<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a>不斷騷擾，人口顯著減少，原來的森林得已保存，於是又變成涇濁渭清。 </p><p>唐朝後期，涇河流域除接近源頭的段落以外，其他已經下切到前<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%B4%80" title="第三紀">第三紀</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B2%A9" title="基岩">基岩</a>。也就是說涇河的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%BA%8A" title="河床">河床</a>是石頭底，所以涇河平時是沒有泥沙的。涇河泥沙含量大，集中在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E5%AD%A3" title="雨季">雨季</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9B%E6%9C%9F" title="汛期">汛期</a>，通過侵蝕<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%9C%9F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="黃土高原">黃土高原</a>而獲得大量泥沙。因此，若非<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8#雨量" title="雨">大雨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E9%9B%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="豪雨">暴雨</a>之時，河旁山坡沒有被侵蝕的土壤隨水流下，則涇河中所含的泥沙就比較少些。但是渭河流域的情況卻大不相同。渭河流淌在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%A9%8D%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="沖積平原">沖積平原</a>上，既<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BE%B5%E8%9D%95#河流和溪流" title="土壤侵蝕">沖刷</a>，又淤積，河床是自己堆積製造的，可以自己給自己供沙。唐朝中葉，大量<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E7%A0%8D%E4%BC%90" title="森林砍伐">採伐</a>導致<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%8E" title="唐长安城">長安城</a>中所需用的巨木，已經開始要遠求之於<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E6%A2%81%E5%B1%B1" title="吕梁山">呂梁山</a>西<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="黃河">黃河</a>兩岸<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。到了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋">北宋</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%90%E5%B1%B1%E5%8E%BF" title="岐山县">岐山</a>的森林已被摧毀無餘，只剩下一條赭色的土山。由於岐山以西的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%B7%9E_(%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3)" title="秦州 (古代)">秦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B4%E5%B7%9E" title="隴州">隴</a>兩州山林尚相當茂盛，因而也成了採伐的集中地。渭河上游的森林基本消失，於是又再度變成涇清渭濁。 </p><p>另外，促使唐朝以後渭河轉濁也和當地降水量的變遷有一定關係。從《<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="陝西省">陝西省</a>自然災害史料》記載的資料顯示，由北宋初年到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>末年，涇河上游的大雨、暴雨僅有14次，渭河上游則為38次。大雨、暴雨次數多，土壤侵蝕必然嚴重，泥沙順水流下，增加河水的渾濁程度<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="詩經典籍中的渭水"><span id=".E8.A9.A9.E7.B6.93.E5.85.B8.E7.B1.8D.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E6.B8.AD.E6.B0.B4"></span>詩經典籍中的渭水</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：詩經典籍中的渭水"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>〈<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="詩經">詩經</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%A2%A8" title="國風">國風</a>·<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%A6%E9%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="秦風（页面不存在）">秦風</a>·<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%AD%E9%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="渭陽（页面不存在）">渭陽</a>〉　</li></ul> <p><small>我送舅氏，曰至渭陽，何以贈之，路車乘黄；</small> </p><p><small>我送舅氏，悠悠我思，何以贈之，瓊瑰玉佩。</small> </p> <ul><li>〈<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AD%90" title="列子">列子</a>·湯問〉</li></ul> <p><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E7%88%B6" title="夸父">夸父</a>不量力，欲追日影，逐之于隅谷之际。渴欲得饮，赴饮<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3" title="黄河">河</a><b>渭</b>。河<b>渭</b>不足，将走北饮大泽。未至，道渴而死。弃其杖，尸膏肉所浸，生邓林。邓林弥广数千里焉。</small> </p> <ul><li>〈<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%B5%B7%E7%BB%8F" title="山海经">山海經</a>·海內東經〉</li></ul> <p><small>又西二百二十里，曰<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E9%BC%A0%E5%B1%B1" title="鳥鼠山">鸟鼠同穴之山</a>，其上多白虎、白玉。<b>渭水</b>出焉，而东流注于河。</small> </p> <ul><li>〈<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%B5%B7%E7%BB%8F" title="山海经">山海經</a>·海外北經〉</li></ul> <p><small>夸父与日逐走，入日；渴，欲得饮，饮于河<b>渭</b>；河<b>渭</b>不足，北饮大泽。未至，道渴而死。弃其杖，化为邓林。</small> </p> <ul><li>〈史記·周本紀〉　司馬遷</li></ul> <p><small>公刘…务耕种，行地宜，自漆、沮度渭，取材用。</small> </p> <ul><li>〈<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AE%B0" title="史记">史記</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="太公望">齊太公</a>世家〉　<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%B7" title="司馬遷">司馬遷</a></li></ul> <p><small>於是<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%96%87%E7%8E%8B" title="周文王">周西伯</a>獵，果遇<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="太公望">太公</a><b>渭</b>之陽，與語，大說，曰:「自吾先君太公曰『當有聖人適<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" title="周朝">周</a>,周以興』。子真是邪?吾太公望子久矣。」</small> </p> <ul><li>〈史記·秦本紀〉　司馬遷</li></ul> <p><small>有新生嬰兒曰「<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%8B" title="秦武王">秦且王</a>」。悼武王生十九年而立。立三年，<b>渭水</b>赤三日。</small> </p> <ul><li>〈史記·<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E8%89%AF" title="张良">留侯</a>世家〉　司馬遷</li></ul> <p><small>留侯曰：「<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="洛阳市">雒陽</a>雖有此固，其中小，不過數百里，田地薄，四面受敵，此非用武之國也。夫<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="渭河平原">關中</a>左殽函，右隴蜀，沃野千里，南有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%9C%80" title="巴蜀">巴蜀</a>之饒，北有胡苑之利，阻三面而守，獨以一面東制諸侯。諸侯安定，河<b>渭</b>漕輓天下，西給京師；諸侯有變，順流而下，足以委輸。此所謂金城千里，天府之國也，劉敬說是也。」於是高帝即日駕，西都關中。</small> </p> <ul><li>〈<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%BB%8F%E6%B3%A8" title="水经注">水經注</a>〉　<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A6%E9%81%93%E5%85%83" title="郦道元">酈道元</a></li></ul> <p><small>《洪範五行傳》云：「赤者，火色也；水盡赤，以火沴水也。」<b>渭水</b>，秦大川也；陰陽亂，秦用嚴刑，敗亂之象。</small> </p> <ul><li>〈<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%AE%E5%8D%97%E5%AD%90" title="淮南子">淮南子</a>·墬形训〉　<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%AE%89" title="刘安">劉安</a></li></ul> <p><small>汾水蒙浊而宜麻，泲水通和而宜麦，河水中浊而宜菽，雒水轻利而宜禾，<b>渭水</b>多力而宜黍，汉水重安而宜竹。</small> </p> <ul><li>〈<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%B9%A6" title="汉书">漢書</a>·卷六·武帝紀第六〉　<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BA" title="班固">班固</a></li></ul> <p><small>六年冬，初算商車。李奇曰：「始稅商賈車船，令出算。」春，穿漕渠通渭。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="匈奴">匈奴</a>入上谷，殺略吏民。</small> </p> <ul><li>〈漢書·沟洫志〉　班固</li></ul> <p><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" title="汉武帝">武帝</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%85%89_(%E8%A5%BF%E6%B1%89)" title="元光 (西汉)">元光</a>六年，鄭當時為大司農，言異時關東漕粟，從<b>渭</b>上，度六月罷，而<b>渭水</b>道，九百餘里，時有難處，引<b>渭</b>穿渠，起長安，旁南山下至河三百餘里，徑易。</small> </p> <ul><li>〈<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%BC%94%E6%B1%BA%E9%8C%84" title="三輔決錄">三輔決錄</a>〉 <a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E5%B2%90" title="赵岐">赵岐</a></li></ul> <p><small>安陵清者，有項仲山，飲馬<b>渭水</b>，每投三錢。</small> </p> <ul><li>〈見<b>渭水</b>思秦川〉　<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%91%E5%8F%83" class="mw-redirect" title="岑參">岑參</a></li></ul> <p><small><b>渭水</b>東流去，何時到雍州。憑添両行涙，寄向故園流。</small> </p> <ul><li>〈<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="咸阳市">咸陽</a>城西樓晚眺〉　<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B8%E6%B5%91" title="许浑">許渾</a></li></ul> <p><small>一上高城萬里愁，蒹葭楊柳似汀洲。溪雲初起日沉閣，山雨欲來風滿樓。</small> </p><p><small>鳥下綠蕪秦苑夕，蟬鳴黃葉漢宮秋。行人莫問當年事，故國東來<b>渭水</b>流。</small> </p> <ul><li>〈上皇西巡<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" title="成都市">南京</a>歌十首·其一〉　<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" title="李白">李白</a></li></ul> <p><small>谁道君王行路难，六龙西幸万人欢。地转锦江成<b>渭水</b>，天回玉垒作<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89" title="长安">长安</a>。</small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="渭河沿岸主要城市"><span id=".E6.B8.AD.E6.B2.B3.E6.B2.BF.E5.B2.B8.E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E5.9F.8E.E5.B8.82"></span>渭河沿岸主要城市</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：渭河沿岸主要城市"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>甘肃省：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%82" title="定西市">定西市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%B4%E5%B8%82" title="天水市">天水市</a> </p><p>陕西省：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E9%B8%A1%E5%B8%82" title="宝鸡市">宝鸡市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="咸阳市">咸阳市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%82" title="西安市">西安市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="渭南市">渭南市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E9%98%B4%E5%B8%82" title="华阴市">華陰市</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">有學者對唐長安<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="大明宮">大明宮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B4%E5%BA%86%E5%AE%AB" title="兴庆宫">興慶宮</a>木材用量首次進行定量估算，進而分析唐長安城大規模建設對周邊森林植被、河流水系等自然環境所產生的影響，認為要建成大明宮、興慶宮等宮殿，需要砍伐25.5平方公里的森林面積，按整個長安城的面積來估算，建設長安城粗估至少需要消耗1530平方公里的森林，隨著長安人口的逐漸增加，城內建築不斷增多，唐朝統治者對於營繕製度的鬆懈以及奢侈之風的蔓延，官僚貴族大肆營建豪宅，實際上長安城的建設所需林木，遠遠大於上述數字，這就能解釋為何到了唐朝中葉的巨木會供不應求，無木可伐<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fishes_YR-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fishes_YR_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《唐長安城市建設與生態環境惡化關係研究》，崔玲、周若祁，2009年，第3期，《華中建築》月刊</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2020-06/11/content_1991393.htm">千年清浊说泾渭（行天下）</a>. paper.people.com.cn. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2025-01-12</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E6%B8%85%E6%B5%8A%E8%AF%B4%E6%B3%BE%E6%B8%AD%EF%BC%88%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=paper.people.com.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaper.people.com.cn%2Frmrbhwb%2Fhtml%2F2020-06%2F11%2Fcontent_1991393.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847641" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q847641"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" 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href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%B7%9D%E6%B2%B3" title="三川河">三川河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%95%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%B3" title="昕水河">昕水河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E5%85%B3%E6%B2%B3" title="偏关河">偏关河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AB%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%B3" title="湫水河">湫水河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%94%9A%E6%B1%BE%E6%B2%B3" title="蔚汾河">蔚汾河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%9A%E6%BC%AA%E6%B2%B3" title="岚漪河">嵐漪河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%91%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%B3" title="涑水河">涑水河</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">青海水系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BD%E6%9B%B2" title="泽曲">泽曲</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E4%BB%80%E5%AE%89%E6%B2%B3" title="曲什安河">曲什安河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%AB%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%B3" title="茫拉河">茫拉河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%86%E5%8A%A1%E6%B2%B3" title="隆务河">隆务河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%8F%E6%B2%B3" title="大夏河">大夏河</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">洮河水系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AE%E6%B2%B3" title="洮河">洮河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E9%80%9A%E6%B2%B3" title="广通河">广通河</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">湟水水系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%9F%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%B3" title="湟水河">湟水</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%9A%E6%B2%B3" title="大通河">大通河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%B7%9D%E6%B2%B3_(%E6%B9%9F%E6%B0%B4)" title="北川河 (湟水)">北川河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B7%9D%E6%B2%B3_(%E6%B9%9F%E6%B0%B4)" title="南川河 (湟水)">南川河</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">甘宁水系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E6%B5%AA%E6%B2%B3_(%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3)" title="庄浪河 (黄河)">庄浪河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9B%E5%B7%9D%E6%B2%B3" title="宛川河">宛川河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%8E%89%E6%B2%B3" title="祖厉河">祖厉河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%B3_(%E9%BB%83%E6%B2%B3)" title="清水河 (黃河)">清水河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%B3_(%E5%AE%81%E5%A4%8F)" title="苦水河 (宁夏)">苦水河</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">陕北水系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%9F%E9%87%8E%E6%B2%B3" title="窟野河">窟野河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%83%E5%B0%BE%E6%B2%B3" title="秃尾河">秃尾河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E5%AE%9A%E6%B2%B3" title="無定河">无定河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B6%A7%E6%B2%B3" title="清涧河">清涧河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E6%B2%B3" title="延河">延河</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">汾河水系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BE%E6%B2%B3" title="汾河">汾河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%B3%AA%E6%B2%B3" title="文峪河">文峪河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8D%E6%B2%B3_(%E6%B1%BE%E6%B2%B3)" title="浍河 (汾河)">浍河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E6%BA%90%E6%B2%B3" title="昌源河">昌源河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%87%E6%B2%B3" title="潇河">潇河</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">渭河水系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">渭河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%91%AB%E8%8A%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="葫芦河">葫芦河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%9C%E6%B2%99%E6%B2%B3" title="榜沙河">榜沙河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BE%E6%B2%B3" title="泾河">泾河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%B2%B3_(%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3)" title="洛河 (渭河)">洛河</a>（北） - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%A3%E6%B2%B3_(%E6%B8%AD%E6%B2%B3)" title="沣河 (渭河)">沣河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%81%9E%E6%B2%B3" title="灞河">灞河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%90%E6%B2%B3" title="浐河">浐河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B2%B3_(%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF)" title="黑河 (陕西)">黑河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%A4%B4%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="石头河">石头河</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">豫西、晋东</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%81%E6%B2%B3_(%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%80%E7%BA%A7%E6%94%AF%E6%B5%81)" title="沁河 (黄河一级支流)">沁河</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E6%B2%B3_(%E6%B2%81%E6%B2%B3)" title="丹河 (沁河)">丹河</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%B2%B3_(%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3)" title="洛河 (黄河)">洛河</a>（南）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%B2%B3" title="伊河">伊河</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%B4%9B%E6%B2%B3" title="伊洛河">伊洛河</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">金堤河水系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%A0%A4%E6%B2%B3" title="金堤河">金堤河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E5%85%AC%E6%B2%B3" title="贾公河">贾公河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%BA%84%E6%B2%B3" title="黄庄河">黄庄河</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">大汶河水系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B4%E6%B1%B6%E6%B2%B3" title="嬴汶河">瀛汶河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B1%B6%E6%B2%B3" title="石汶河">石汶河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%AE%E6%B1%B6%E6%B2%B3" title="泮汶河">泮汶河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E6%B1%B6%E6%B2%B3" title="柴汶河">柴汶河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%B6%E6%B2%B3" title="大汶河">大汶河</a> （<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E6%B2%B3_(%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C)" title="大清河 (山东)">大清河</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96" title="东平湖">东平湖</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%B8%85%E6%B2%B3_(%E4%B8%9C%E5%B9%B3%E6%B9%96)" title="小清河 (东平湖)">小清河</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关条目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2" title="黄河三角洲">黄河三角洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="黄河文明">黄河文明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E6%94%B9%E9%81%93" title="黄河改道">黄河改道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86" title="黃河治理">黄河治理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5" title="黄河大桥">黄河大桥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E8%88%AA%E8%BF%90" title="黄河航运">黄河航运</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8E%E6%B0%B4" title="济水">济水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%BB%83%E6%B2%B3" title="Category:黃河">Category:黃河</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847641#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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