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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Responsibilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responsibilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-District_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#District_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>District council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-District_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-District_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#District_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>District administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-District_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Districts of Germany</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis" title="Landkreis – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Landkreis" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="أقضية ألمانيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أقضية ألمانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districtos_d%27Alemanya" title="Districtos d'Alemanya – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Districtos d'Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayon_(Almaniya)" title="Rayon (Almaniya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rayon (Almaniya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tek-kok_%C3%AA_k%C5%ABn" title="Tek-kok ê kūn – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tek-kok ê kūn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD_(%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Раён (Германія) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Раён (Германія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD_(%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Раён (Нямеччына) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Раён (Нямеччына)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Окръзи в Германия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Окръзи в Германия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkroas" title="Landkroas – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Landkroas" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_okruzi" title="Njemački okruzi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Njemački okruzi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districte_alemany" title="Districte alemany – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Districte alemany" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemsk%C3%BD_okres" title="Zemský okres – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zemský okres" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreis" title="Kreis – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kreis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis" title="Landkreis – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Landkreis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis" title="Landkreis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Landkreis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wokrejs" title="Wokrejs – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wokrejs" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreis" title="Kreis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kreis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distritos_de_Alemania" title="Distritos de Alemania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Distritos de Alemania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distrikto_(Germanio)" title="Distrikto (Germanio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Distrikto (Germanio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ناحیه‌های آلمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناحیه‌های آلمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrondissement_(Allemagne)" title="Arrondissement (Allemagne) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arrondissement (Allemagne)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis" title="Landkreis – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Landkreis" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slystyn_y_Ghermaan" title="Slystyn y Ghermaan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Slystyn y Ghermaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distritos_de_Alema%C3%B1a" title="Distritos de Alemaña – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Distritos de Alemaña" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%B0" title="독일의 군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일의 군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wokrjes" title="Wokrjes – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wokrjes" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_okruzi" title="Njemački okruzi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Njemački okruzi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreis" title="Kreis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kreis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districto_(Germania)" title="Districto (Germania) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Districto (Germania)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circondari_della_Germania" title="Circondari della Germania – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Circondari della Germania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="מחוזות גרמניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחוזות גרמניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გერმანიის რაიონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანიის რაიონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Германия ауданы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Германия ауданы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nav%C3%A7ey%C3%AAn_Almanyay%C3%AA" title="Navçeyên Almanyayê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Navçeyên Almanyayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis" title="Landkreis – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Landkreis" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulus_terrae" title="Circulus terrae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Circulus terrae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkrees" title="Landkrees – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Landkrees" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apskritis_(Vokietija)" title="Apskritis (Vokietija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Apskritis (Vokietija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreis" title="Kreis – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kreis" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9metorsz%C3%A1g_j%C3%A1r%C3%A1sai" title="Németország járásai – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Németország járásai" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Окрузи во Германија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Окрузи во Германија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_di_Jerman" title="Daerah di Jerman – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Daerah di Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis" title="Landkreis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Landkreis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis" title="Landkreis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Landkreis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis" title="Landkreis – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Landkreis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis" title="Landkreis – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Landkreis" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis" title="Landkreis – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Landkreis" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powiaty_w_Niemczech" title="Powiaty w Niemczech – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Powiaty w Niemczech" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distritos_da_Alemanha" title="Distritos da Alemanha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Distritos da Alemanha" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_districts_of_Germany&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">Urban districts of Germany</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Part of the geopolitical division of Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the "Districts" (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kreise</i></span>) of Germany. For "Government Districts" (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Regierungsbezirke</i></span>), see <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirk</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="float: right; width: ;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #F0F0F0; vertical-align: middle">Districts of Germany <br /><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landkreis</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-weight: normal;">Also known as:</span></li><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kreis</i></span></li><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtkreis</i></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Landkreise,_Kreise_und_kreisfreie_St%C3%A4dte_in_Deutschland_2021-07-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="  Rural districts   Urban districts"><img alt="  Rural districts   Urban districts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Landkreise%2C_Kreise_und_kreisfreie_St%C3%A4dte_in_Deutschland_2021-07-01.svg/250px-Landkreise%2C_Kreise_und_kreisfreie_St%C3%A4dte_in_Deutschland_2021-07-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Landkreise%2C_Kreise_und_kreisfreie_St%C3%A4dte_in_Deutschland_2021-07-01.svg/375px-Landkreise%2C_Kreise_und_kreisfreie_St%C3%A4dte_in_Deutschland_2021-07-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Landkreise%2C_Kreise_und_kreisfreie_St%C3%A4dte_in_Deutschland_2021-07-01.svg/500px-Landkreise%2C_Kreise_und_kreisfreie_St%C3%A4dte_in_Deutschland_2021-07-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="1253" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Found in</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Possible types</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Rural District</li><li>Urban District</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Government</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Kreistag</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Germany" title="Municipalities of Germany">Municipality</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:22.0em; border: 4px double var(--background-color-inverted, #101418);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of a series on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#d33; border: 1px double #8C959A;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Germany" title="Politics of Germany"><span style="color: white;"><small>Politics of </small><br />Germany</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany"><span style="color:#000;">Constitution <span style="font-size:85%;">(Basic Law)</span></span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Constitutional_Court_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Constitutional Court of Germany">Federal Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Germany" title="Human rights in Germany">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Head of State</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President of Germany</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Executive</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany_(1949%E2%80%93)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Germany (1949–)">Chancellor of Germany</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_Germany" title="List of chancellors of Germany">list</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice-Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Vice-Chancellor of Germany">Vice Chancellor of Germany</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Habeck" title="Robert Habeck">Robert Habeck</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Grüne</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Germany" title="Cabinet of Germany">Cabinet</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Scholz_cabinet" title="Scholz cabinet">Scholz</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_agency_(Germany)" title="Federal agency (Germany)">Federal agencies</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Legislature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bundestag_constituencies" title="List of Bundestag constituencies">constituencies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_German_Bundestag" title="Member of the German Bundestag">members</a></dd></dl></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bundesrat_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesrat of Germany">Bundesrat</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermittlungsausschuss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vermittlungsausschuss (page does not exist)"><i>Vermittlungsausschuss</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsamer_Ausschuss" title="Gemeinsamer Ausschuss"><i>Gemeinsamer Ausschuss</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Germany" title="Judiciary of Germany"><span style="color:#000;">Judiciary</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Constitutional_Court" title="Federal Constitutional Court">Federal Constitutional Court</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Federal courts</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Justice" title="Federal Court of Justice">Ordinary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Administrative_Court_(Germany)" title="Federal Administrative Court (Germany)">Administrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Fiscal_Court" title="Federal Fiscal Court">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Labour_Court" title="Federal Labour Court">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Social_Court" title="Federal Social Court">Social</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Senate_of_the_Supreme_Courts_of_the_Federation" title="Joint Senate of the Supreme Courts of the Federation">Joint Senate</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Germany#Courts" title="Judiciary of Germany">Other courts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Germany"><span style="color:#000;">Subdivisions</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State (<i>Land</i>)</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_President_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister President (Germany)">Minister president</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Parliament_(Germany)" title="State Parliament (Germany)">State Parliament (<i>Landtag</i>)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Composition_of_the_German_state_parliaments" title="Composition of the German state parliaments">composition</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk"><i>Regierungsbezirk</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">District (<i>Kreis</i>)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">list</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amt_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amt (country subdivision)">Collective municipality (<i>Amt</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Germany" title="Municipalities of Germany">Municipality (<i>Gemeinde</i>)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Germany" title="List of municipalities in Germany">list</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Germany" title="Elections in Germany"><span style="color:#000;">Elections</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Germany" title="Electoral system of Germany">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Germany" title="List of political parties in Germany">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Germany" title="Referendums in Germany">Referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_governing_coalition" title="German governing coalition">Coalitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Convention_(Germany)" title="Federal Convention (Germany)">Federal Convention (<i>Bundesversammlung</i>)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Presidential elections</b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany_(1919%E2%80%931945)" title="President of Germany (1919–1945)">Weimar Republic (1919–1933)</a></li></ul> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_German_presidential_election" title="1919 German presidential election">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_German_presidential_election" title="1925 German presidential election">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_German_presidential_election" title="1932 German presidential election">1932</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_East_Germany" title="President of East Germany">East Germany (1949–1960)</a></li></ul> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1949_East_German_presidential_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1949 East German presidential election (page does not exist)">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1953_East_German_presidential_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1953 East German presidential election (page does not exist)">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1957_East_German_presidential_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1957 East German presidential election (page does not exist)">1957</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">Federal Republic of Germany (since 1949)</a></li></ul> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1949_West_German_presidential_election" title="1949 West German presidential election">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_West_German_presidential_election" title="1954 West German presidential election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_West_German_presidential_election" title="1959 West German presidential election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_West_German_presidential_election" title="1964 West German presidential election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_West_German_presidential_election" title="1969 West German presidential election">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_West_German_presidential_election" title="1974 West German presidential election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_West_German_presidential_election" title="1979 West German presidential election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_West_German_presidential_election" title="1984 West German presidential election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_West_German_presidential_election" title="1989 West German presidential election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_German_presidential_election" title="1994 German presidential election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_German_presidential_election" title="1999 German presidential election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_German_presidential_election" title="2004 German presidential election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_German_presidential_election" title="2009 German presidential election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_German_presidential_election" title="2010 German presidential election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_German_presidential_election" title="2012 German presidential election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_German_presidential_election" title="2017 German presidential election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_German_presidential_election" title="2022 German presidential election"><i>2022</i></a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Parliamentary election</b></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1867_North_German_federal_election" title="February 1867 North German federal election">1867 (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1867_North_German_federal_election" title="August 1867 North German federal election">1867 (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Zollparlament_election" title="1868 Zollparlament election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_German_federal_election" title="1871 German federal election">1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_German_federal_election" title="1874 German federal election">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1877_German_federal_election" title="1877 German federal election">1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_German_federal_election" title="1878 German federal election">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1881_German_federal_election" title="1881 German federal election">1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_German_federal_election" title="1884 German federal election">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_German_federal_election" title="1887 German federal election">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890_German_federal_election" title="1890 German federal election">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_German_federal_election" title="1893 German federal election">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_German_federal_election" title="1898 German federal election">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_German_federal_election" title="1903 German federal election">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_German_federal_election" title="1907 German federal election">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_German_federal_election" title="1912 German federal election">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_German_federal_election" title="1919 German federal election">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_German_federal_election" title="1920 German federal election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1924_German_federal_election" title="May 1924 German federal election">1924 (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1924_German_federal_election" title="December 1924 German federal election">1924 (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_German_federal_election" title="1928 German federal election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_German_federal_election" title="1930 German federal election">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1932_German_federal_election" title="July 1932 German federal election">1932 (July)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1932_German_federal_election" title="November 1932 German federal election">1932 (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1933_German_federal_election" title="March 1933 German federal election">1933 (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1933_German_parliamentary_election" title="November 1933 German parliamentary election">1933 (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_German_parliamentary_election_and_referendum" title="1936 German parliamentary election and referendum">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_German_parliamentary_election_and_referendum" title="1938 German parliamentary election and referendum">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_West_German_federal_election" title="1949 West German federal election">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_West_German_federal_election" title="1953 West German federal election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_West_German_federal_election" title="1957 West German federal election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_West_German_federal_election" title="1961 West German federal election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_West_German_federal_election" title="1965 West German federal election">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_West_German_federal_election" title="1969 West German federal election">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_West_German_federal_election" title="1972 West German federal election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_West_German_federal_election" title="1976 West German federal election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_West_German_federal_election" title="1980 West German federal election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_West_German_federal_election" title="1983 West German federal election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_West_German_federal_election" title="1987 West German federal election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_German_federal_election" title="1990 German federal election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_German_federal_election" title="1994 German federal election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_German_federal_election" title="1998 German federal election">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_German_federal_election" title="2002 German federal election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_German_federal_election" title="2005 German federal election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_German_federal_election" title="2009 German federal election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_German_federal_election" title="2013 German federal election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_German_federal_election" title="2017 German federal election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_German_federal_election" title="2021 German federal election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_German_federal_election" title="2025 German federal election"><i>2025</i></a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><b>European elections</b></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1979 European Parliament election in West Germany">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1984 European Parliament election in West Germany">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1989 European Parliament election in West Germany">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="1994 European Parliament election in Germany">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="1999 European Parliament election in Germany">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2004 European Parliament election in Germany">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2009 European Parliament election in Germany">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2014 European Parliament election in Germany">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2019 European Parliament election in Germany">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2024 European Parliament election in Germany"><i>2024</i></a></li></ul> </div> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">State and local politics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b>State Politics</b></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Politics of Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bavaria" title="Politics of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Berlin" title="Politics of Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Brandenburg" title="Politics of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bremen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politics of Bremen (page does not exist)">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hamburg" title="Politics of Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hesse" title="Politics of Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lower_Saxony" title="Politics of Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Politics of North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Politics of Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saarland" title="Politics of Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saxony" title="Politics of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Politics of Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Politics of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Thuringia" title="Politics of Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Germany" title="Foreign relations of Germany"><span style="color:#000;">Foreign relations</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><br /> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Foreign relations by country</b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="France–Germany relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="Germany–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Germany–United Kingdom relations">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Germany–United States relations">USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="China–Germany relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Germany–Russia relations">Russia</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>International Relations</b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_German_citizens" title="Visa requirements for German citizens">Visa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_passport" title="German passport">Passport</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Political ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_culture_of_Germany" title="Political culture of Germany">Political culture</a> / <a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Germany" title="Federalism in Germany">Federalism</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Germany_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Communism in Germany (disambiguation)">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Germany" title="Conservatism in Germany">Conservatism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Agrarian_Conservatism_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrarian Conservatism in Germany">Agrarian Conservatism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Germany_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="Far-right politics in Germany (1945–present)">Far-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Germany" title="Liberalism in Germany">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democracy</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/16px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/24px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany portal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Germany" title="Template:Politics of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Politics of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 13 <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">German states</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the primary administrative subdivision higher than a <i><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Germany" title="Municipalities of Germany">Gemeinde</a></i> (municipality) is the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><b>Landkreis</b></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><b>Kreis</b></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most major cities in Germany are not part of any <i>Kreis</i>, but instead combine the functions of a municipality and a <i>Kreis</i>; such a city is referred to as a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><b>kreisfreie Stadt</b></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><b>Stadtkreis</b></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>(Land-)Kreise</i> stand at an intermediate level of administration between each <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">state</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Länder</i></span>) and the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany#Municipalities_(Gemeinden)" title="States of Germany">municipalities</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gemeinden</i></span>) within it.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These correspond to level-3 administrative units in the <a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics" title="Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics">Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics</a> (NUTS 3). </p><p>Previously, the similar title <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Circle">Imperial Circle</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reichskreis</i></span>) referred to groups of states in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. The related term <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landeskommissariat</i></span> was used for similar administrative divisions in some German territories until the 19th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_districts">Types of districts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Germany&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types of districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Administrative_divisions_of_Germany.svg" title="File:Administrative divisions of Germany.svg"><img alt="The vertical (federal) separation of powers across the federal government (white), the states (yellow), and the municipalities (brown)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Administrative_divisions_of_Germany.svg/300px-Administrative_divisions_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Administrative_divisions_of_Germany.svg/450px-Administrative_divisions_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Administrative_divisions_of_Germany.svg/600px-Administrative_divisions_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="519" usemap="#ImageMap_ed391f04fb959ace" resource="/wiki/File:Administrative_divisions_of_Germany.svg" /></a><map name="ImageMap_ed391f04fb959ace"><area href="/wiki/Germany" shape="poly" coords="150,0,188,38,112,38" alt="Federal Level" title="Federal Level" /><area href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" shape="poly" coords="112,38,188,38,186,76,74,76" alt="Federal States" title="Federal States" /><area href="/wiki/City-state#Stadtstaaten_of_Germany" shape="poly" coords="188,38,300,150,223,150,186,76" alt="City States" title="City States" /><area href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" shape="poly" coords="74,76,186,76,193,90,60,90" alt="(Governmental Districts)" title="(Governmental Districts)" /><area href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" shape="poly" coords="60,90,150,90,150,107,43,107" alt="(Rural) Districts" title="(Rural) Districts" /><area href="/wiki/Gemeindeverband" shape="poly" coords="43,107,98,107,90,124,26,124" alt="(Collective Municipalities)" title="(Collective Municipalities)" /><area href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Germany" shape="poly" coords="26,124,90,124,77,150,0,150" alt="Municipalities" title="Municipalities" /><area href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Germany" shape="poly" coords="98,107,150,107,150,150,77,150" alt="(Municipalities)" title="(Municipalities)" /><area href="/wiki/Independent_city#Germany" shape="poly" coords="150,90,193,90,223,150,150,150" alt="Urban Districts" title="Urban Districts" /></map><figcaption>Administrative divisions of Germany (clickable <a href="/wiki/File:Administrative_divisions_of_Germany.svg" title="File:Administrative divisions of Germany.svg">image</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">German districts</a> are "rural districts"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (German: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landkreise</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈlantˌkʁaɪ̯zə]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9b\/De-Landkreise.ogg\/De-Landkreise.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Landkreise.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/De-Landkreise.ogg/De-Landkreise.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Landkreise.ogg" title="File:De-Landkreise.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>), of which there are 294 as of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Germany&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants (and smaller towns in some states) do not usually belong to a district, but take on district responsibilities themselves, similar to the concept of <a href="/wiki/Independent_city" title="Independent city">independent cities</a>. These are known as "urban districts" (German: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">kreisfreie Städte</i></span> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtkreise</i></span>)—cities which constitute a district in their own right—and there are 106 of them,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bringing the total number of districts to 400. As of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Germany&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, approximately 26 million people live in these 107 urban districts.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, there are some cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants which are not urban districts, these being <a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen" title="Recklinghausen">Recklinghausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh" title="Gütersloh">Gütersloh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siegen" title="Siegen">Siegen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bergisch_Gladbach" title="Bergisch Gladbach">Bergisch Gladbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss">Neuss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moers" title="Moers">Moers</a>. Nevertheless, these cities take over many district responsibilities themselves, although they are still part of a larger rural district. Midsize towns can perform particular administrative functions of the district as well, especially to provide common services to the local citizens. The classification as "midsize" town is usually based on a town's registered population, but varies from state to state. </p><p>A special type of rural districts includes the three <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kommunalverbände besonderer Art</i></span> (<i>Municipal unions of special kind</i>), a fusion of a district-free town with its adjacent rural district: besides the <a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken_(district)" title="Saarbrücken (district)">Regionalverband Saarbrücken</a> (<i>Saarbrücken regional association</i>), from 1974 until 2007 called "Stadtverband Saarbrücken" (<i>Saarbrücken town association</i>), there is the <a href="/wiki/Hanover_Region" title="Hanover Region">Hanover Region</a> since 2001 and the <a href="/wiki/Aachen_(district)#History" title="Aachen (district)">Städteregion Aachen</a> (<i>Aachen region of towns</i>) since 2009. Aachen, Hanover and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a> retain certain rights of an urban district (<i>Kreisfreie Stadt</i>); Saarbrücken has not explicitly determined a similar provision in its legislation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responsibilities">Responsibilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Germany&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Responsibilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to common federal and state laws, the districts are responsible for the following tasks: </p> <ul><li>Planning local <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a> (in most states)</li> <li>The building and upkeep of "district roads" (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kreisstra%C3%9Fe" title="Kreisstraße">Kreisstraßen</a></i>)</li> <li>Other building plans which cover more than one local authority's area</li> <li>Caring for national parks</li> <li>Social welfare</li> <li>Youth welfare</li> <li>The building and upkeep of hospitals</li> <li>The building and upkeep of state schools of secondary education</li> <li>Household waste collection and disposal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Germany" title="Vehicle registration plates of Germany">Car registration</a></li> <li>Electing the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Landrat" title="Landrat">Landrat</a></i></span> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landrätin</i></span>, the chief executive and representative of the district</li></ul> <p>Districts can perform additional functions, based on varying local laws in each region: </p> <ul><li>Financial support for culture</li> <li>The building of pedestrian zones and <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_lane" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle lane">bicycle lanes</a></li> <li>Financial support for school exchanges</li> <li>The building and upkeep of public libraries</li> <li>Revitalisation of the economy</li> <li>Encouraging tourism</li> <li>The management of state-run adult education colleges (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volkshochschule" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkshochschule">Volkshochschulen</a></i>)</li></ul> <p>All these tasks are carried out by local (municipal) authorities operating together. Urban districts have these responsibilities and also those of the municipalities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="District_council">District council</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Germany&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: District council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The district council (German: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kreistag</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈkʁaɪ̯sˌtaːk]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/69\/De-Kreistag.ogg\/De-Kreistag.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Kreistag.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/De-Kreistag.ogg/De-Kreistag.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Kreistag.ogg" title="File:De-Kreistag.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is the highest institution of a rural district and is responsible for all fundamental guidelines of regional self-administration. This council is elected directly every five years, except in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> where it is elected every six years. Usually the administrative seat of a rural district is located in one of its largest towns. However, district council and administrative seat of some rural districts are not situated within the district proper, but in an adjacent district-free city. Most of those rural districts are named after this central city as well (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg">Bamberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a>). <a href="/wiki/Moers" title="Moers">Moers</a> is the biggest city in Germany (and at present time the only one with more than 100,000 inhabitants) that is neither an urban district, nor the district seat of its rural district. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="District_administration">District administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Germany&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: District administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The highest administrative position of a rural district is an officer known as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landrat</i></span> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landrätin</i></span>, who is responsible for the district's day-to-day administration and acts as its representative for official purposes. In parts of northern Germany, <i>Landrat</i> is also the name of the entire district administration, which in southern Germany is known as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kreisverwaltung</i></span> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landratsamt</i></span>. </p><p>In urban districts similar administrative functions are performed by a mayor, in most greater cities usually by the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Mayor">Lord Mayor</a>. </p><p>Rural districts in some German states have an additional administrative committee called <i>Kreisausschuss</i>. This committee is generally led by the Landrat and includes a number of additional voluntary members. It takes over certain administrative functions for the district, following decisions of the district council. However, the exact role and regulations of this panel vary greatly between different states. </p><p>The city where the office of the district's administration is located is called <i>Kreisstadt</i> ("district city"), or <i>Kreishauptort</i> ("district main community") if it is not a city. Often the district is named after its district city. </p><p>Linguistically, any city within a district could be called a "Kreisstadt", especially those that aren't district-free to distinguish them from district-free cities. This term has to be distinguished from the legal term "Kreisstadt" that only denotes the location of the administrative office. In everyday language, district cities are also called <i>Kreishauptstadt</i> ("district capital"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Germany&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Circle" title="Electoral Circle">Electoral Circle</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Kurkreis</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">List of districts of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">States of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Landkreise_in_Deutschland" class="extiw" title="de:Liste der Landkreise in Deutschland">List of rural districts with populations and area in km<sup>2</sup></a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_kreisfreien_St%C3%A4dte_in_Deutschland" class="extiw" title="de:Liste der kreisfreien Städte in Deutschland">List of urban districts with populations and area in km<sup>2</sup></a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Germany&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">All, except for the three city states</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">official term in all states, except North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">official term in the states of <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In either case, the plural of the noun is formed by suffixing it with "e". In Germany, the term <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kreis</i></span> is also used informally for any rural district, and (for example in statistical summaries) for a district of any type.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">literally "district-free city"; official term in all states, except Baden-Württemberg</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">literally "urban district"; official term in <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A <i>Kreis</i> is not to be confused with a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirk</a></i></span>. These are state administrative subdivision above Landkreis-level and below state-level. Currently only four states make use of this administrational level: North Rhine-Westphalia, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Germany&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/styleguide_english_dgt_country_compendium_en.pdf">"Country Compendium, A companion to the English Style Guide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. European Commission Directorate-General for Translation (EC DGT). February 2017. pp. 50–51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Compendium%2C+A+companion+to+the+English+Style+Guide&rft.pages=50-51&rft.pub=European+Commission+Directorate-General+for+Translation+%28EC+DGT%29&rft.date=2017-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Finfo%2Fsites%2Finfo%2Ffiles%2Fstyleguide_english_dgt_country_compendium_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistricts+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This number includes the "city-states" of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, and two urban districts of the city-state <a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.destatis.de/DE/ZahlenFakten/LaenderRegionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Administrativ/Aktuell/04Kreise.xls?__blob=publicationFile">"Kreisfreie Städte und Landkreise nach Fläche und Bevölkerung auf Grundlage des ZENSUS 2011 und Bevölkerungsdichte - Gebietsstand: 31.12.2015"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Statistisches_Bundesamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistisches Bundesamt">Statistisches Bundesamt</a> Deutschland. July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kreisfreie+St%C3%A4dte+und+Landkreise+nach+Fl%C3%A4che+und+Bev%C3%B6lkerung+auf+Grundlage+des+ZENSUS+2011+und+Bev%C3%B6lkerungsdichte+-+Gebietsstand%3A+31.12.2015&rft.pub=Statistisches+Bundesamt+Deutschland&rft.date=2017-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.destatis.de%2FDE%2FZahlenFakten%2FLaenderRegionen%2FRegionales%2FGemeindeverzeichnis%2FAdministrativ%2FAktuell%2F04Kreise.xls%3F__blob%3DpublicationFile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistricts+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Germany_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_topics" title="Template:Germany topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany_topics" title="Template talk:Germany topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Germany_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Germany" title="Outline of Germany">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General <br /> History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">History of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_German_history" title="Timeline of German history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Germany" title="Historiography of Germany">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Germany" title="Military history of Germany">Military history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_Germanic_peoples" title="List of early Germanic peoples">List of early Germanic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutons" title="Teutons">Teutons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Huns" title="History of the Huns">History of the Huns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_warfare_between_the_Romans_and_Germanic_peoples" title="Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples">Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimbrian_War" title="Cimbrian War">Cimbrian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_campaigns_in_Germania_(12_BC_%E2%80%93_AD_16)" title="Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16)">Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_Wars" title="Marcomannic Wars">Marcomannic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Wars">Gothic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410)" title="Sack of Rome (410)">Sack of Rome (410)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostsiedlung" title="Ostsiedlung">Ostsiedlung (East Colonisation)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germany_in_the_early_modern_period" title="Germany in the early modern period">Early modern period, 1500–1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th-century_history_of_Germany" title="18th-century history of Germany">18th-century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_revolutions_of_1848%E2%80%931849" title="German revolutions of 1848–1849">German revolutions of 1848–1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Constitution" title="Frankfurt Constitution">Frankfurt Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Germany" title="Unification of Germany">Unification of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany_during_World_War_I" title="History of Germany during World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_guilt_question" title="War guilt question">War guilt question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">Revolution of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany#World_War_II" title="Nazi Germany">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Allied occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Flight and expulsions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany_(1945%E2%80%931990)" title="History of Germany (1945–1990)">Divided Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">Reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany_since_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Germany since 1990">History of Germany since 1990</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Prussia">History of Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Brandenburg">History of Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_War" title="Cologne War">Cologne War</a>, 1583–1588</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden_Revolution" title="Baden Revolution">Baden Revolution</a>, 1848</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Germany" title="Geography of Germany">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Germany">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">States</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Districts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Germany" title="List of cities and towns in Germany">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Germany" title="List of earthquakes in Germany">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Germany" title="Geology of Germany">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Germany" title="List of islands of Germany">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Germany" title="List of lakes of Germany">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Germany" title="Category:Mountains of Germany">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Germany" title="Category:Rivers of Germany">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Germany" title="Politics of Germany">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Bundesrat" title="German Bundesrat">Bundesrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr"><i>Bundeswehr</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(military)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Germany" title="Cabinet of Germany">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Germany" title="Judiciary of Germany">Court system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Germany" title="Elections in Germany">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Germany" title="Foreign relations of Germany">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Germany" title="Human rights in Germany">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Germany" title="Intersex rights in Germany">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Germany">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Germany" title="Transgender rights in Germany">Transgender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Germany" title="Law of Germany">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Germany" title="Law enforcement in Germany">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobbying_in_Germany" title="Lobbying in Germany">Lobbying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Germany" title="Conservatism in Germany">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Germany" title="List of political parties in Germany">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Germany" title="Economy of Germany">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Germany" title="Agriculture in Germany">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Automotive industry in Germany">Automobile industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Germany" title="Banking in Germany">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundesbank" title="Deutsche Bundesbank">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_German_Chemical_Triangle" title="Middle German Chemical Triangle">Chemical Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Germany" title="Economic history of Germany">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Germany" title="Energy in Germany">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Germany" title="List of exports of Germany">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_model" title="German model">German model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by GDP">German states by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mittelstand" title="Mittelstand"><i>Mittelstand</i> companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Germany" title="Science and technology in Germany">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Germany" title="Taxation in Germany">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Germany" title="Telecommunications in Germany">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Germany" title="Tourism in Germany">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Germany" title="Trade unions in Germany">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Germany" title="Transport in Germany">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare in Germany">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Germany" title="Women in Germany">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Germany" title="Category:Society of Germany">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Germany" title="Crime in Germany">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Germany" title="Corruption in Germany">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Germany" title="Demographics of Germany">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Germany" title="Drug policy of Germany">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Germany" title="Education in Germany">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Germany" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Germany">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Germany" title="Women in Germany">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Germany" title="Healthcare in Germany">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Germany" title="Homelessness in Germany">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Germany" title="Immigration to Germany">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Germany" title="Irreligion in Germany">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_life_expectancy" title="List of German states by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_Germany" title="Naturism in Germany">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_Germany" title="Pensions in Germany">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_Germany" title="Pornography in Germany">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Germany" title="Poverty in Germany">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Germany" title="Prostitution in Germany">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Germany" title="Racism in Germany">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issues_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues in Germany">Social issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Germany" title="Trade unions in Germany">Trade unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Germany" title="Culture of Germany">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandlied" title="Deutschlandlied">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Germany" title="Architecture of Germany">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_art" title="German art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arts_in_Germany" title="Category:Arts in Germany">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany" title="Coat of arms of Germany">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li>Cultural icons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_Germany" title="Category:Dance in Germany">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_fashion" title="German fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Germany" title="Category:Festivals in Germany">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_folklore" title="German folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Germany" title="Flag of Germany">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Germany" title="List of libraries in Germany">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_literature" title="German literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Germany" title="Internet in Germany">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Germany">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany" title="Music of Germany">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Germany" title="Names of Germany">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_philosophy" title="German philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_virtues" title="Prussian virtues">Prussian virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Germany" title="Sport in Germany">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Germany" title="Television in Germany">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Germany">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Germany" title="Outline of Germany">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Germany" title="Outline of Germany">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Germany" title="Bibliography of Germany">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Germany" title="Category:Germany">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_on_second-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Articles_on_second-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Template:Articles on second-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Articles_on_second-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Articles on second-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Articles_on_second-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Articles on second-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Articles_on_second-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles on second-level <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative divisions</a> of European countries</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Albania" title="Municipalities of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Armenia" title="Municipalities of Armenia">Armenia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Austria" title="Districts of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Belarus" title="Districts of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Belgium" title="Provinces of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_the_Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Bulgaria" title="Municipalities of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Croatia" title="Municipalities of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Districts of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Denmark" title="Municipalities of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Estonia" title="Municipalities of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-regions_of_Finland" title="Sub-regions of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">France</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Georgia_(country)" title="List of municipalities in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hungary" title="Districts of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Kazakhstan" title="Districts of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Latvia" title="List of cities and towns in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Lithuania" title="Municipalities of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Luxembourg" title="Communes of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Malta" title="Local councils of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Moldova" title="Communes of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Montenegro" title="Municipalities of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Netherlands" title="Municipalities of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Norway" title="List of municipalities of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_of_Poland" title="List of counties of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Portugal" title="Municipalities of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Romania" title="Communes of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Russia" title="Districts of Russia">Russia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_and_cities_of_Serbia" title="Municipalities and cities of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Slovakia" title="Districts of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Slovenia" title="Municipalities of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Sweden" title="Municipalities of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland" title="Districts of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raions_of_Ukraine" title="Raions of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Counties of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_England" title="Counties of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales" title="Local government in Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_areas_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Council areas of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Counties of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding-left:0; padding-right:0;"><div><div style="padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; margin-bottom:2px"><sup>1</sup> Has part of its territory outside Europe. <sup>2</sup> Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Europe_and_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">definition of the border</a>.</div><div style="width:100%; height:2px; background:#fafafa;"></div><div style="padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; margin-top:2px"><i>See also <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_by_country" title="List of administrative divisions by country">List of administrative divisions by country</a>.</i></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Districts of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Albania" title="Districts of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Austria" title="Districts of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Belarus" title="Districts of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Belgium (page does not exist)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Croatia (page does not exist)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Cyprus" title="Districts of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Districts of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Denmark (page does not exist)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Estonia (page does not exist)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Greece (page does not exist)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hungary" title="Districts of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of the Republic of Ireland (page does not exist)">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Italy (page does not exist)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Kazakhstan" title="Districts of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Lithuania (page does not exist)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Luxembourg" title="Districts of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Malta" title="Districts of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of the Netherlands (page does not exist)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Norway" title="Districts of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Portugal" title="Districts of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Romania (page does not exist)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Russia" title="Districts of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Slovakia" title="Districts of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Spain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Spain (page does not exist)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Sweden" title="Districts of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland" title="Districts of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Turkey" title="Districts of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of the United Kingdom (page does not exist)">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Abkhazia" title="Districts of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Kosovo" title="Districts of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Districts of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Districts of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" 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