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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%8A/2021_%D8%A3%D9%8A1_(%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%A8)" title="ليونارد سي/2021 أي1 (مذنب) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليونارد سي/2021 أي1 (مذنب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2021_A1_Leonard" title="C/2021 A1 Leonard – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="C/2021 A1 Leonard" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cometa_Leonard" title="Cometa Leonard – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cometa Leonard" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EB%84%88%EB%93%9C_%ED%98%9C%EC%84%B1" title="레너드 혜성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레너드 혜성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F_(C/2021_A1)" title="レナード彗星 (C/2021 A1) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レナード彗星 (C/2021 A1)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2021_A1_Leonard" title="C/2021 A1 Leonard – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="C/2021 A1 Leonard" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hyperbolic comet</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">C/2021 A1 (Leonard)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Comet_2021_A1_(Leonard).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Comet_2021_A1_%28Leonard%29.jpg/290px-Comet_2021_A1_%28Leonard%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Comet_2021_A1_%28Leonard%29.jpg/435px-Comet_2021_A1_%28Leonard%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Comet_2021_A1_%28Leonard%29.jpg/580px-Comet_2021_A1_%28Leonard%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.2em;">C/2021 A1 (Leonard) on December 28, 2021</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFE0C2">Discovery</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planet_discoverers" title="List of minor planet discoverers">Discovered by</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Greg J. Leonard</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;">Discovery date</th><td class="infobox-data">3 January 2021<sup id="cite_ref-MPEC2021-A99_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC2021-A99-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFE0C2">Designations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_designation_in_astronomy" title="Provisional designation in astronomy">Alternative designations</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">C4AGJ62</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFE0C2"><a href="/wiki/Osculating_orbit" title="Osculating orbit">Orbital characteristics</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Observation_arc" title="Observation arc">Observation arc</a></th><td class="infobox-data">526 days</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_comets_by_type" title="List of comets by type">Orbit type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Long_period_comet" class="mw-redirect" title="Long period comet">long period</a> (inbound)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hyperbolic_trajectory" title="Hyperbolic trajectory">hyperbolic</a> (outbound)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Aphelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">≈3700 AU (barycentric epoch 1950)<sup id="cite_ref-barycenter_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barycenter-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perihelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.6151 AU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.99966 (barycentric epoch 1950)<sup id="cite_ref-barycenter_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barycenter-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1.00004 (barycentric epoch 2100)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">≈80000 <a href="/wiki/Julian_year_(astronomy)" title="Julian year (astronomy)">yr</a> (inbound)<sup id="cite_ref-barycenter_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barycenter-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">132.68°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Longitude_of_the_ascending_node" title="Longitude of the ascending node">Longitude of<br />ascending node</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">255.86°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Argument_of_periapsis" title="Argument of periapsis">Argument of<br />periapsis</a></th><td class="infobox-data">225.09°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;">Last perihelion</th><td class="infobox-data">3 January 2022</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;">Earth <a href="/wiki/Minimum_orbit_intersection_distance" title="Minimum orbit intersection distance">MOID</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.231 AU (34.6 million km)<sup id="cite_ref-jpldata_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpldata-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;">Jupiter <a href="/wiki/Minimum_orbit_intersection_distance" title="Minimum orbit intersection distance">MOID</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.296 AU (44.3 million km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude#Cometary_magnitudes" title="Absolute magnitude">Comet total<br />magnitude</a> (M1)</th><td class="infobox-data">5.3</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>C/2021 A1 (Leonard)</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Long_period_comet" class="mw-redirect" title="Long period comet">long period comet</a><sup id="cite_ref-CBET4907_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBET4907-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that was discovered by G. J. Leonard at the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lemmon_Observatory" title="Mount Lemmon Observatory">Mount Lemmon Observatory</a> on 3 January 2021 (a year before <a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">perihelion</a>) when the comet was 5 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a> (750 million <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</a>) from the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEC2021-A99_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC2021-A99-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a <a href="/wiki/Retrograde_and_prograde_motion" title="Retrograde and prograde motion">retrograde</a> orbit. The nucleus was about 1 km (0.6 miles) across. It came within 4 million km (2.5 million mi) of <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a>, the closest-known cometary approach to Venus.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observational_history">Observational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/2021_A1_(Leonard)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Observational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The comet was discovered by G. J. Leonard at the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lemmon_Observatory" title="Mount Lemmon Observatory">Mount Lemmon Observatory</a> on 3 January 2021 (a year before <a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">perihelion</a>) when the comet was 5 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a> (750 million <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</a>) from the Sun. The comet appeared to have a 10" coma and a 5" broad tail in the photographs taken as part of the Mt. Lemmon Survey and its magnitude was estimated to be 19.0. Precovery images dated back to April 11, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEC2021-A99_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC2021-A99-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 October the comet showed a short but dense dust <a href="/wiki/Comet_tail" title="Comet tail">tail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late November the comet appeared to stop brightening as expected and to fade instead, indicating a possible disintegration of the nucleus.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early December the comet had an <a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">apparent magnitude</a> (coma+nucleus) of around 6.<sup id="cite_ref-vanbuitenen_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanbuitenen-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first reports of naked-eye observations by experienced observers started coming in on 5 December 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much like observing <a href="/wiki/Messier_33" class="mw-redirect" title="Messier 33">Messier 33</a>, the low <a href="/wiki/Surface_brightness" title="Surface brightness">surface brightness</a> of the comet can make it difficult to observe near <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban areas</a>. On 3 December 2021 many emission lines of NH<sub>2</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>, and [OI] were detected in the spectrum of the comet in the wavelength range between 5000 and 7000 Å.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the morning of 6 December 2021 the comet was about 5 degrees from the star <a href="/wiki/Arcturus" title="Arcturus">Arcturus</a>. On 14 December 2021 the comet was 14.7 degrees from the Sun<sup id="cite_ref-sol-elong_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sol-elong-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and quickly became better seen from the southern hemisphere. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Forward_scatter" title="Forward scatter">forward scattering</a> of light helped the comet to briefly brighten to as much as magnitude 2.5,<sup id="cite_ref-vanbuitenen_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanbuitenen-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yoshida_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yoshida-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was also enhanced by a modest outburst.<sup id="cite_ref-COBS_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COBS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The comet experienced outbursts on December 15, 20 and 23, thus reaching third magnitude before dimming back to 4th magnitude. The ion tail of the comet appeared complex, with knots and steamers.<sup id="cite_ref-chistmasskyandtelescope_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chistmasskyandtelescope-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The comet's discoverer called the tails "some of the best ever observed".<sup id="cite_ref-disintegrated_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disintegrated-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In stacked photos the tail could be traced for 60 degrees in the sky.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the comet was lower in the sky, <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_extinction" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric extinction">atmospheric extinction</a> offset much of the brightening.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As of 22 December 2021, the comet was around apparent magnitude 4, making it a good <a href="/wiki/Binoculars" title="Binoculars">binocular</a> comet for the Southern hemisphere.<sup id="cite_ref-vanbuitenen_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanbuitenen-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chistmasskyandtelescope_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chistmasskyandtelescope-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the brightest comet of 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-disintegrated_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disintegrated-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One more outburst took place after perihelion, on 6–8 January 2022, when the comet brightened by 1.5 magnitudes.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 February 2022 the comet was observed with the <a href="/wiki/Slooh" title="Slooh">SLOOH</a> telescope in Chile, operated by Martin Masek. The comet lacked a central concentration, which indicates that the nucleus of the comet disintegrated or evaporated completely. Further observations confirmed the lack of concentration.<sup id="cite_ref-disintegrated_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disintegrated-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2022, the disintegrating comet was observed using the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a>, with further observations planned for June 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-Hubble_Jewitt_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hubble_Jewitt-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No surviving fragments were found by the Hubble Space Telescope, while the Swan Hill observatory imaged an extensive debris cloud. The disintegration of the comet probably started in mid December 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orbit">Orbit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/2021_A1_(Leonard)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Orbit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_of_C%EF%BC%8F2021_A1%27s_orbit_around_Sun_-_2021_close_approach.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Animation_of_C%EF%BC%8F2021_A1%27s_orbit_around_Sun_-_2021_close_approach.gif/300px-Animation_of_C%EF%BC%8F2021_A1%27s_orbit_around_Sun_-_2021_close_approach.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Animation_of_C%EF%BC%8F2021_A1%27s_orbit_around_Sun_-_2021_close_approach.gif/450px-Animation_of_C%EF%BC%8F2021_A1%27s_orbit_around_Sun_-_2021_close_approach.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Animation_of_C%EF%BC%8F2021_A1%27s_orbit_around_Sun_-_2021_close_approach.gif 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Animation of C／2021 A1's orbit around Sun – 2021 close approach<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Magenta; color:black;"> </span> C/2021 A1</span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> Sun</span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Cyan; color:black;"> </span> Mercury </span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Lime; color:black;"> </span> Venus</span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:RoyalBlue; color:white;"> </span> Earth</span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Gold; color:black;"> </span> Mars</span></figcaption></figure> <p>C/2021 A1 has been inside of the orbit of <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a> since May 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Neptune_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neptune-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using an <a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">epoch</a> of 1950 which is well before the comet entered the planetary region of the Solar System, a <a href="/wiki/Barycenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Barycenter">barycentric</a> orbit solution suggests the comet had an approximately 80,000-year orbital period.<sup id="cite_ref-barycenter_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barycenter-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the comet has spent the last 40,000 years inbound from approximately 3,700 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a> (550 <a href="/wiki/1000000000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="1000000000 (number)">billion</a> <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</a>) (0.06 light year). After perihelion, the comet will be ejected from the Solar System. The barycentric orbit will remain <a href="/wiki/Hyperbolic_trajectory" title="Hyperbolic trajectory">hyperbolic</a> after September 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-barycenter_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barycenter-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 December 2021 the comet was 0.233 AU (34.9 million km) from Earth and on 18 December 2021 it was 0.0285 AU (4.26 million km) from Venus.<sup id="cite_ref-jpldata_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpldata-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter distance is smaller than any known close encounter of Earth with a long period comet, and one of the closest recorded for any planet in recent history. The <a href="/wiki/Minimum_orbit_intersection_distance" title="Minimum orbit intersection distance">minimum orbit intersection distance</a> of Venus with the comet is about 50,000 kilometers, with Venus passing from that point two days after the comet, so it is possible that dust from the comet could create a <a href="/wiki/Meteor_shower" title="Meteor shower">meteor shower</a> in Venus.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It made its closest approach to the Sun on 3 January 2022. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/2021_A1_(Leonard)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Comet_C2021_A1_(Leonard)_and_Messier_3.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Conjunction of Comet C/2021 A1 and Messier 3, captured on 3 Dec 2021 from Summerville, SC"><img alt="Conjunction of Comet C/2021 A1 and Messier 3, captured on 3 Dec 2021 from Summerville, SC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Comet_C2021_A1_%28Leonard%29_and_Messier_3.png/200px-Comet_C2021_A1_%28Leonard%29_and_Messier_3.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Comet_C2021_A1_%28Leonard%29_and_Messier_3.png/300px-Comet_C2021_A1_%28Leonard%29_and_Messier_3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Comet_C2021_A1_%28Leonard%29_and_Messier_3.png/400px-Comet_C2021_A1_%28Leonard%29_and_Messier_3.png 2x" data-file-width="2850" data-file-height="1900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Conjunction_(astronomy)" title="Conjunction (astronomy)">Conjunction</a> of Comet C/2021 A1 and <a href="/wiki/Messier_3" title="Messier 3">Messier 3</a>, captured on 3 Dec 2021 from Summerville, SC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Comet_2021_A1_(Leonard)_-_51817689255.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wide angle view of C/2021 A1 on December 28, 2021"><img alt="Wide angle view of C/2021 A1 on December 28, 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Comet_2021_A1_%28Leonard%29_-_51817689255.jpg/194px-Comet_2021_A1_%28Leonard%29_-_51817689255.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Comet_2021_A1_%28Leonard%29_-_51817689255.jpg/291px-Comet_2021_A1_%28Leonard%29_-_51817689255.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Comet_2021_A1_%28Leonard%29_-_51817689255.jpg/389px-Comet_2021_A1_%28Leonard%29_-_51817689255.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3914" data-file-height="3224" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wide angle view of C/2021 A1 on December 28, 2021</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:At_Tenerife_2021_0447.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The comet over Tenerife on 31 December 2021"><img alt="The comet over Tenerife on 31 December 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/At_Tenerife_2021_0447.jpg/200px-At_Tenerife_2021_0447.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/At_Tenerife_2021_0447.jpg/300px-At_Tenerife_2021_0447.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/At_Tenerife_2021_0447.jpg/400px-At_Tenerife_2021_0447.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2835" data-file-height="2168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The comet over Tenerife on 31 December 2021</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_A1_(LEONARD).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Comet Leonard on January 2, 2022, one day before perihelion"><img alt="Comet Leonard on January 2, 2022, one day before perihelion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2021_A1_%28LEONARD%29.jpg/108px-2021_A1_%28LEONARD%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2021_A1_%28LEONARD%29.jpg/162px-2021_A1_%28LEONARD%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2021_A1_%28LEONARD%29.jpg/216px-2021_A1_%28LEONARD%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1382" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Comet Leonard on January 2, 2022, one day before perihelion</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Comet_Leonard_debris_field_by_Swan_Hill_-_Ajacb53bf2_hr.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The debris field created by the disintegrated comet Leonard on 31 March 2022"><img alt="The debris field created by the disintegrated comet Leonard on 31 March 2022" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Comet_Leonard_debris_field_by_Swan_Hill_-_Ajacb53bf2_hr.jpg/200px-Comet_Leonard_debris_field_by_Swan_Hill_-_Ajacb53bf2_hr.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Comet_Leonard_debris_field_by_Swan_Hill_-_Ajacb53bf2_hr.jpg/300px-Comet_Leonard_debris_field_by_Swan_Hill_-_Ajacb53bf2_hr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Comet_Leonard_debris_field_by_Swan_Hill_-_Ajacb53bf2_hr.jpg/400px-Comet_Leonard_debris_field_by_Swan_Hill_-_Ajacb53bf2_hr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1570" data-file-height="883" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The debris field created by the disintegrated comet Leonard on 31 March 2022</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/2021_A1_(Leonard)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2011_L4" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2011 L4">C/2011 L4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/2021_A1_(Leonard)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MPEC2021-A99-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MPEC2021-A99_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPEC2021-A99_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPEC2021-A99_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minorplanetcenter.net//iau/mpec/K21/K21A99.html">"MPEC 2021-A99 : COMET C/2021 A1 (Leonard)"</a>. Minor Planet Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MPEC+2021-A99+%3A+COMET+C%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29&rft.pub=Minor+Planet+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminorplanetcenter.net%2F%2Fiau%2Fmpec%2FK21%2FK21A99.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barycenter-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-barycenter_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barycenter_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barycenter_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barycenter_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barycenter_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorizons_output" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/JPL_Horizons_On-Line_Ephemeris_System" title="JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System">Horizons</a> output. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272021+A1%27&TABLE_TYPE=%27ELEMENTS%27&START_TIME=%271950-01-01%27&STOP_TIME=%272100-01-01%27&STEP_SIZE=%27150%20years%27&CENTER=%27@0%27&OUT_UNITS=%27AU-D%27">"Barycentric Osculating Orbital Elements for Comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barycentric+Osculating+Orbital+Elements+for+Comet+C%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29&rft.au=Horizons+output&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fhorizons_batch.cgi%3Fbatch%3D1%26COMMAND%3D%25272021%2BA1%2527%26TABLE_TYPE%3D%2527ELEMENTS%2527%26START_TIME%3D%25271950-01-01%2527%26STOP_TIME%3D%25272100-01-01%2527%26STEP_SIZE%3D%2527150%2520years%2527%26CENTER%3D%2527%400%2527%26OUT_UNITS%3D%2527AU-D%2527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span> (Solution using the Solar System's <a href="/wiki/Barycenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Barycenter">barycenter</a> (Sun+Jupiter). Select Ephemeris Type:Elements and Center:@0) Epoch 1950 has PR= 2.91E+07 / 365.25 = 79700 years</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpldata-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=2021A1&view=OPC">"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: C/2021 A1"</a>. JPL<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JPL+Small-Body+Database+Browser%3A+C%2F2021+A1&rft.pub=JPL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Ftools%2Fsbdb_lookup.html%23%2F%3Fsstr%3D2021A1%26view%3DOPC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBET4907-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBET4907_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CBET 4907: original 1/a = +0.000575 (long-period) and future 1/a = −0.000030 (hyperbolic). The orbital energy is inversely proportional to negative semi-major axis. Objects in hyperbolic orbits have negative semi major axis, giving them a positive orbital energy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeule,_Genelle2021" class="citation web cs1">Weule, Genelle (8 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2021-12-09/comet-leonard-christmas-astronomers-anxiously-watching-sky/100676602">"Astronomers anxiously watch Comet Leonard to see if it will live up to predictions as a Christmas treat over Australia"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Astronomers+anxiously+watch+Comet+Leonard+to+see+if+it+will+live+up+to+predictions+as+a+Christmas+treat+over+Australia&rft.date=2021-12-08&rft.au=Weule%2C+Genelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fscience%2F2021-12-09%2Fcomet-leonard-christmas-astronomers-anxiously-watching-sky%2F100676602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/how-bright-will-comet-leonard-get/">"How Bright Will Comet Leonard Get?"</a>. <i>Sky & Telescope</i>. 2021-10-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sky+%26+Telescope&rft.atitle=How+Bright+Will+Comet+Leonard+Get%3F&rft.date=2021-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskyandtelescope.org%2Fastronomy-news%2Fhow-bright-will-comet-leonard-get%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartels2021" class="citation web cs1">Bartels, Meghan (9 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/comet-leonard-fading-maybe-splitting">"Comet Leonard, the brightest of the year, is fading and acting strange"</a>. <i>Space.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Comet+Leonard%2C+the+brightest+of+the+year%2C+is+fading+and+acting+strange&rft.date=2021-12-09&rft.aulast=Bartels&rft.aufirst=Meghan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fcomet-leonard-fading-maybe-splitting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vanbuitenen-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vanbuitenen_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vanbuitenen_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vanbuitenen_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astro.vanbuitenen.nl/comet/2021A1">"C/2021 A1 (Leonard)"</a>. Gideon van Buitenen<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29&rft.pub=Gideon+van+Buitenen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastro.vanbuitenen.nl%2Fcomet%2F2021A1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenna2021" class="citation web cs1">McKenna, Martin [@martinastro2005] (December 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211205214739/https://twitter.com/martinastro2005/status/1467467074331099136">"I could see comet Leonard with the naked eye last from Davagh forest, est mag +6.2, tail visible as a faint streak 1 degree in length, exceptional transparency due to cold air. #leonardnakedeye"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/martinastro2005/status/1467467074331099136">the original</a> on 2021-12-05 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+could+see+comet+Leonard+with+the+naked+eye+last+from+Davagh+forest%2C+est+mag+%2B6.2%2C+tail+visible+as+a+faint+streak+1+degree+in+length%2C+exceptional+transparency+due+to+cold+air.+%23leonardnakedeye&rft.date=2021-12-05&rft.aulast=McKenna&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fmartinastro2005%2Fstatus%2F1467467074331099136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=15119">"ATel #15119: Follow-up Observations of Comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard)"</a>. <i>The Astronomer's Telegram</i>. 16 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomer%27s+Telegram&rft.atitle=ATel+%2315119%3A+Follow-up+Observations+of+Comet+C%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29&rft.date=2021-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronomerstelegram.org%2F%3Fread%3D15119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astro.uni-jena.de/Users/markus/C2021A1.html">"Follow-up Observations of Comet C/2021 A2 (Leonard)"</a>. 16 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Follow-up+Observations+of+Comet+C%2F2021+A2+%28Leonard%29&rft.date=2021-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astro.uni-jena.de%2FUsers%2Fmarkus%2FC2021A1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sol-elong-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sol-elong_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorizons_output" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/JPL_Horizons_On-Line_Ephemeris_System" title="JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System">Horizons</a> output. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272021+A1%27&START_TIME=%272021-12-12%27&STOP_TIME=%272021-12-18%27&STEP_SIZE=%273%20hours%27&QUANTITIES=%271,23,29%27">"Solar elongation Comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard) in mid-December 2021"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Solar+elongation+Comet+C%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29+in+mid-December+2021&rft.au=Horizons+output&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fhorizons_batch.cgi%3Fbatch%3D1%26COMMAND%3D%25272021%2BA1%2527%26START_TIME%3D%25272021-12-12%2527%26STOP_TIME%3D%25272021-12-18%2527%26STEP_SIZE%3D%25273%2520hours%2527%26QUANTITIES%3D%25271%2C23%2C29%2527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span> Sun-Observer-Target (S-O-T)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yoshida-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yoshida_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aerith.net/comet/catalog/2021A1/mag2.gif">Magnitude estimate</a> – Seiichi Yoshida</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFΖhаng2021" class="citation web cs1">Ζhаng, Qiсhеng [@aciqra] (December 16, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211216152254/https://twitter.com/aciqra/status/1471356456922320897">"Not the best weather here in Pasadena this week, but was fortunate enough to manage a brief peek at comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard) while at 159 deg phase angle, near maximum forward scattering. It's a rarely seen geometry, where we look almost straight down its tail"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/aciqra/status/1471356456922320897">the original</a> on 2021-12-16 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Not+the+best+weather+here+in+Pasadena+this+week%2C+but+was+fortunate+enough+to+manage+a+brief+peek+at+comet+C%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29+while+at+159+deg+phase+angle%2C+near+maximum+forward+scattering.+It%27s+a+rarely+seen+geometry%2C+where+we+look+almost+straight+down+its+tail.&rft.date=2021-12-16&rft.aulast=%CE%96h%D0%B0ng&rft.aufirst=Qi%D1%81h%D0%B5ng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Faciqra%2Fstatus%2F1471356456922320897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-COBS-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-COBS_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116213058/https://cobs.si/show?id=679">"What happened to C/2021 A1 (Leonard)?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cobs.si/show?id=679">the original</a> on 2022-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+happened+to+C%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcobs.si%2Fshow%3Fid%3D679&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chistmasskyandtelescope-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chistmasskyandtelescope_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chistmasskyandtelescope_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/comet-leonard-a-gift-at-christmastime/">"Comet Leonard: A Gift at Christmastime"</a>. <i>Sky & Telescope</i>. 25 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sky+%26+Telescope&rft.atitle=Comet+Leonard%3A+A+Gift+at+Christmastime&rft.date=2021-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskyandtelescope.org%2Fastronomy-news%2Fcomet-leonard-a-gift-at-christmastime%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-disintegrated-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-disintegrated_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-disintegrated_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-disintegrated_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMachholz2022" class="citation web cs1">Machholz, Donald (21 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthsky.org/space/comet-leonard-has-disintegrated/">"Comet Leonard has disintegrated"</a>. <i>earthsky.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=earthsky.org&rft.atitle=Comet+Leonard+has+disintegrated&rft.date=2022-03-21&rft.aulast=Machholz&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthsky.org%2Fspace%2Fcomet-leonard-has-disintegrated%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap211230.html">"APOD: 2021 December 30 - The Further Tail of Comet Leonard"</a>. <i>apod.nasa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apod.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=APOD%3A+2021+December+30+-+The+Further+Tail+of+Comet+Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapod.nasa.gov%2Fapod%2Fap211230.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=15189">"ATel #15189: Outburst of comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard) on January 7, 2021"</a>. <i>The Astronomer's Telegram</i>. 2022-01-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomer%27s+Telegram&rft.atitle=ATel+%2315189%3A+Outburst+of+comet+C%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29+on+January+7%2C+2021&rft.date=2022-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronomerstelegram.org%2F%3Fread%3D15189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hubble_Jewitt-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hubble_Jewitt_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJewitt2022" class="citation web cs1">Jewitt, David (7 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.stsci.edu/proposal_search.php?id=16929&mission=hst">"Disintegration of Long-Period Comet C/2021 A1 – HST Proposal 16929"</a>. Space Telescope Science Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Disintegration+of+Long-Period+Comet+C%2F2021+A1+%E2%80%93+HST+Proposal+16929&rft.pub=Space+Telescope+Science+Institute&rft.date=2022-03-07&rft.aulast=Jewitt&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.stsci.edu%2Fproposal_search.php%3Fid%3D16929%26mission%3Dhst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJewittKimMattiazzoMutchler2023" class="citation journal cs1">Jewitt, David; Kim, Yoonyoung; Mattiazzo, Michael; Mutchler, Max; Li, Jing; Agarwal, Jessica (1 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Facb53b">"Disintegration of Long-period Comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard)"</a>. <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>. <b>165</b> (3): 122. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.08673">2301.08673</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023AJ....165..122J">2023AJ....165..122J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Facb53b">10.3847/1538-3881/acb53b</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:256080755">256080755</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomical+Journal&rft.atitle=Disintegration+of+Long-period+Comet+C%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=122&rft.date=2023-03-01&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2301.08673&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A256080755%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Facb53b&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2023AJ....165..122J&rft.aulast=Jewitt&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Kim%2C+Yoonyoung&rft.au=Mattiazzo%2C+Michael&rft.au=Mutchler%2C+Max&rft.au=Li%2C+Jing&rft.au=Agarwal%2C+Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3847%252F1538-3881%252Facb53b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neptune-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Neptune_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a> has perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) at 29.8 AU. C/2021 A1 has been inside that distance since <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272021+A1%27&START_TIME=%272009-05-20%27&STOP_TIME=%272009-05-31%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20days%27&QUANTITIES=%2719,39%27&CENTER=%27@sun%27">May 2009.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangYeVissapragadaKnight2021" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Qicheng; Ye, Quanzhi; Vissapragada, Shreyas; Knight, Matthew M.; Farnham, Tony L. (1 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Fac19ba">"Preview of Comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard) and Its Encounter with Venus"</a>. <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>. <b>162</b> (5): 194. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.12370">2107.12370</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021AJ....162..194Z">2021AJ....162..194Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Fac19ba">10.3847/1538-3881/ac19ba</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomical+Journal&rft.atitle=Preview+of+Comet+C%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29+and+Its+Encounter+with+Venus&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=194&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2107.12370&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Fac19ba&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021AJ....162..194Z&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Qicheng&rft.au=Ye%2C+Quanzhi&rft.au=Vissapragada%2C+Shreyas&rft.au=Knight%2C+Matthew+M.&rft.au=Farnham%2C+Tony+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3847%252F1538-3881%252Fac19ba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC%2F2021+A1+%28Leonard%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Comets" title="Template:Comets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Comets" title="Template talk:Comets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Comets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Comets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Comets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">Comets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_nucleus" title="Comet nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coma_(cometary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coma (cometary)">Coma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_tail" title="Comet tail">Tails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antitail" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitail">Antitail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_dust" title="Comet dust">Comet dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_shower" title="Meteor shower">Meteor shower</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyakutake_Color.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)"><img alt="Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hyakutake_Color.jpg/100px-Hyakutake_Color.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hyakutake_Color.jpg/150px-Hyakutake_Color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hyakutake_Color.jpg/200px-Hyakutake_Color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_(32755885495).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/100px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/150px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/200px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Comet#Orbital_characteristics" title="Comet">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_periodic_comets" title="List of periodic comets">Periodic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_numbered_comets" title="List of numbered comets">Numbered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_comet" title="Lost comet">Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_long-period_comets" title="List of long-period comets">Long period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Halley-type_comets" title="List of Halley-type comets">Halley-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter-family_comet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter-family comet">Jupiter-family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Encke-type_comets" title="Category:Encke-type comets">Encke-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_asteroid" title="Active asteroid">Main-belt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-periodic_comets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of non-periodic comets">Non-periodic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_near-parabolic_comets" title="List of near-parabolic comets">Near-parabolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hyperbolic_comets" title="List of hyperbolic comets">Hyperbolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comets_with_no_meaningful_orbit" title="List of comets with no meaningful orbit">Unknown-orbit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_comet" title="Great comet">Great Comet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungrazing_comet" title="Sungrazing comet">Sungrazing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kreutz_sungrazer" title="Kreutz sungrazer">Kreutz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinct_comet" title="Extinct comet">Extinct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exocomet" title="Exocomet">Exocomet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_object" title="Interstellar object">Interstellar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_comets" title="Naming of comets">Naming of comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observational_history_of_comets" title="Observational history of comets">Observational history of comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(minor_planet)#Similarities_to_comets" class="mw-redirect" title="Centaur (minor planet)">Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Discoverers_of_comets" title="Category:Discoverers of comets">Comet discoverers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comets_discovered_by_the_LINEAR_project" title="List of comets discovered by the LINEAR project">LINEAR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_atmosphere" title="Extraterrestrial atmosphere">Extraterrestrial atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body" title="Small Solar System body">Small Solar System body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_comets" title="List of missions to comets">List of missions to comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comets_visited_by_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="List of comets visited by spacecraft">List of comets visited by spacecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Latest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2024_S1_(ATLAS)" title="C/2024 S1 (ATLAS)">C/2024 S1 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_P1_(Nishimura)" title="C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)">C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_H2_(Lemmon)" title="C/2023 H2 (Lemmon)">C/2023 H2 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_E1_(ATLAS)" title="C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)">C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_A3_(Tsuchinshan%E2%80%93ATLAS)" title="C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)">C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2022_E3_(ZTF)" title="C/2022 E3 (ZTF)">C/2022 E3 (ZTF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_O3_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)">C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_J1_(Maury-Attard)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)">C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C/2021 A1 (Leonard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2020_F8_(SWAN)" title="C/2020 F8 (SWAN)">C/2020 F8 (SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2020_F5_(MASTER)" title="C/2020 F5 (MASTER)">C/2020 F5 (MASTER)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_NEOWISE" title="Comet NEOWISE">C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_Y4_(ATLAS)" title="C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)">C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_Y1_(ATLAS)" title="C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)">C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_U6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)">C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">2I/Borisov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P/2019_LD2_(ATLAS)" title="P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)">P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_Y1_(Iwamoto)" title="C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)">C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_C2_(Lemmon)" title="C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)">C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_U7" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2017 U7">C/2017 U7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_K2_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)">C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2016_U1_(NEOWISE)" title="C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)">C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_V2_(Johnson)" title="C/2015 V2 (Johnson)">C/2015 V2 (Johnson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_G2_(MASTER)" title="C/2015 G2 (MASTER)">C/2015 G2 (MASTER)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_ER61_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)">C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_UN271_(Bernardinelli%E2%80%93Bernstein)" title="C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli–Bernstein)">C/2014 UN<sub>271</sub> (Bernardinelli–Bernstein)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)">C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q1_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)">C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Culture and<br />speculation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antimatter_comet" title="Antimatter comet">Antimatter comet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comets_in_fiction" title="Comets in fiction">Comets in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_vintages" title="Comet vintages">Comet vintages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Lists_of_comets_(more)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_comets" title="Lists of comets">Lists of comets</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_comets" title="Category:Lists of comets">more</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_numbered_comets" title="List of numbered comets">Periodic<br />comets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Until 1985<br />(all)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet" title="Halley's Comet">1P/Halley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Encke" title="Comet Encke">2P/Encke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biela%27s_Comet" title="Biela's Comet">3D/Biela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4P/Faye" title="4P/Faye">4P/Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5D/Brorsen" title="5D/Brorsen">5D/Brorsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6P/d%27Arrest" title="6P/d'Arrest">6P/d'Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7P/Pons%E2%80%93Winnecke" title="7P/Pons–Winnecke">7P/Pons–Winnecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8P/Tuttle" title="8P/Tuttle">8P/Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempel_1" title="Tempel 1">9P/Tempel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10P/Tempel" title="10P/Tempel">10P/Tempel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11P/Tempel%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93LINEAR" title="11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR">11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12P/Pons%E2%80%93Brooks" title="12P/Pons–Brooks">12P/Pons–Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13P/Olbers" title="13P/Olbers">13P/Olbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14P/Wolf" title="14P/Wolf">14P/Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15P/Finlay" title="15P/Finlay">15P/Finlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16P/Brooks" title="16P/Brooks">16P/Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Holmes" title="Comet Holmes">17P/Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18D/Perrine%E2%80%93Mrkos" title="18D/Perrine–Mrkos">18D/Perrine–Mrkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19P/Borrelly" title="19P/Borrelly">19P/Borrelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20D/Westphal" title="20D/Westphal">20D/Westphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21P/Giacobini%E2%80%93Zinner" title="21P/Giacobini–Zinner">21P/Giacobini–Zinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22P/Kopff" title="22P/Kopff">22P/Kopff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23P/Brorsen%E2%80%93Metcalf" title="23P/Brorsen–Metcalf">23P/Brorsen–Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24P/Schaumasse" title="24P/Schaumasse">24P/Schaumasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25D/Neujmin" title="25D/Neujmin">25D/Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26P/Grigg%E2%80%93Skjellerup" title="26P/Grigg–Skjellerup">26P/Grigg–Skjellerup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27P/Crommelin" title="27P/Crommelin">27P/Crommelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28P/Neujmin" title="28P/Neujmin">28P/Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29P/Schwassmann%E2%80%93Wachmann" title="29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann">29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30P/Reinmuth" title="30P/Reinmuth">30P/Reinmuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31P/Schwassmann%E2%80%93Wachmann" title="31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann">31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32P/Comas_Sol%C3%A0" title="32P/Comas Solà">32P/Comas Solà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33P/Daniel" title="33P/Daniel">33P/Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34D/Gale" title="34D/Gale">34D/Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35P/Herschel%E2%80%93Rigollet" title="35P/Herschel–Rigollet">35P/Herschel–Rigollet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36P/Whipple" title="36P/Whipple">36P/Whipple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37P/Forbes" title="37P/Forbes">37P/Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38P/Stephan%E2%80%93Oterma" title="38P/Stephan–Oterma">38P/Stephan–Oterma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39P/Oterma" title="39P/Oterma">39P/Oterma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40P/V%C3%A4is%C3%A4l%C3%A4" title="40P/Väisälä">40P/Väisälä</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41P/Tuttle%E2%80%93Giacobini%E2%80%93Kres%C3%A1k" title="41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák">41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42P/Neujmin" title="42P/Neujmin">42P/Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43P/Wolf%E2%80%93Harrington" title="43P/Wolf–Harrington">43P/Wolf–Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44P/Reinmuth" title="44P/Reinmuth">44P/Reinmuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45P/Honda%E2%80%93Mrkos%E2%80%93Pajdu%C5%A1%C3%A1kov%C3%A1" title="45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková">45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46P/Wirtanen" title="46P/Wirtanen">46P/Wirtanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47P/Ashbrook%E2%80%93Jackson" title="47P/Ashbrook–Jackson">47P/Ashbrook–Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48P/Johnson" title="48P/Johnson">48P/Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49P/Arend%E2%80%93Rigaux" title="49P/Arend–Rigaux">49P/Arend–Rigaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50P/Arend" title="50P/Arend">50P/Arend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51P/Harrington" title="51P/Harrington">51P/Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52P/Harrington%E2%80%93Abell" title="52P/Harrington–Abell">52P/Harrington–Abell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53P/Van_Biesbroeck" title="53P/Van Biesbroeck">53P/Van Biesbroeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54P/de_Vico%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93NEAT" title="54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT">54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55P/Tempel%E2%80%93Tuttle" title="55P/Tempel–Tuttle">55P/Tempel–Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56P/Slaughter%E2%80%93Burnham" title="56P/Slaughter–Burnham">56P/Slaughter–Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57P/du_Toit%E2%80%93Neujmin%E2%80%93Delporte" title="57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte">57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/58P/Jackson%E2%80%93Neujmin" title="58P/Jackson–Neujmin">58P/Jackson–Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59P/Kearns%E2%80%93Kwee" title="59P/Kearns–Kwee">59P/Kearns–Kwee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60P/Tsuchinshan" title="60P/Tsuchinshan">60P/Tsuchinshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61P/Shajn%E2%80%93Schaldach" title="61P/Shajn–Schaldach">61P/Shajn–Schaldach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/62P/Tsuchinshan" title="62P/Tsuchinshan">62P/Tsuchinshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63P/Wild" title="63P/Wild">63P/Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64P/Swift%E2%80%93Gehrels" title="64P/Swift–Gehrels">64P/Swift–Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65P/Gunn" title="65P/Gunn">65P/Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66P/du_Toit" title="66P/du Toit">66P/du Toit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/67P/Churyumov%E2%80%93Gerasimenko" title="67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko">67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/68P/Klemola" title="68P/Klemola">68P/Klemola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/69P/Taylor" title="69P/Taylor">69P/Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70P/Kojima" title="70P/Kojima">70P/Kojima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/71P/Clark" title="71P/Clark">71P/Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72P/Denning%E2%80%93Fujikawa" title="72P/Denning–Fujikawa">72P/Denning–Fujikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/73P/Schwassmann%E2%80%93Wachmann" title="73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann">73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/74P/Smirnova%E2%80%93Chernykh" title="74P/Smirnova–Chernykh">74P/Smirnova–Chernykh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75D/Kohoutek" title="75D/Kohoutek">75D/Kohoutek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/76P/West%E2%80%93Kohoutek%E2%80%93Ikemura" title="76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura">76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/77P/Longmore" title="77P/Longmore">77P/Longmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/78P/Gehrels" title="78P/Gehrels">78P/Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79P/du_Toit%E2%80%93Hartley" title="79P/du Toit–Hartley">79P/du Toit–Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/80P/Peters%E2%80%93Hartley" title="80P/Peters–Hartley">80P/Peters–Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/81P/Wild" title="81P/Wild">81P/Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/82P/Gehrels" title="82P/Gehrels">82P/Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/83D/Russell" title="83D/Russell">83D/Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/84P/Giclas" title="84P/Giclas">84P/Giclas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85D/Boethin" title="85D/Boethin">85D/Boethin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">After 1985<br />(notable)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/88P/Howell" title="88P/Howell">88P/Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/92P/Sanguin" title="92P/Sanguin">92P/Sanguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96P/Machholz" title="96P/Machholz">96P/Machholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/97P/Metcalf%E2%80%93Brewington" title="97P/Metcalf–Brewington">97P/Metcalf–Brewington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/103P/Hartley" title="103P/Hartley">103P/Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4015_Wilson%E2%80%93Harrington" title="4015 Wilson–Harrington">107P/Wilson–Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/108P/Ciffr%C3%A9o" title="108P/Ciffréo">108P/Ciffréo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Swift%E2%80%93Tuttle" title="Comet Swift–Tuttle">109P/Swift–Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/122P/de_Vico" title="122P/de Vico">122P/de Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126P/IRAS" title="126P/IRAS">126P/IRAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/141P/Machholz" title="141P/Machholz">141P/Machholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/144P/Kushida" title="144P/Kushida">144P/Kushida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/147P/Kushida%E2%80%93Muramatsu" title="147P/Kushida–Muramatsu">147P/Kushida–Muramatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/153P/Ikeya%E2%80%93Zhang" title="153P/Ikeya–Zhang">153P/Ikeya–Zhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/156P/Russell%E2%80%93LINEAR" title="156P/Russell–LINEAR">156P/Russell–LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/161P/Hartley%E2%80%93IRAS" title="161P/Hartley–IRAS">161P/Hartley–IRAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/162P/Siding_Spring" title="162P/Siding Spring">162P/Siding Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/168P/Hergenrother" title="168P/Hergenrother">168P/Hergenrother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/169P/NEAT" title="169P/NEAT">169P/NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/177P/Barnard" title="177P/Barnard">177P/Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/178P/Hug%E2%80%93Bell" title="178P/Hug–Bell">178P/Hug–Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/205P/Giacobini" title="205P/Giacobini">205P/Giacobini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/209P/LINEAR" title="209P/LINEAR">209P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/238P/Read" title="238P/Read">238P/Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/246P/NEAT" title="246P/NEAT">246P/NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/249P/LINEAR" title="249P/LINEAR">249P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/252P/LINEAR" title="252P/LINEAR">252P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/255P/Levy" title="255P/Levy">255P/Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/273P/Pons%E2%80%93Gambart" title="273P/Pons–Gambart">273P/Pons–Gambart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/289P/Blanpain" title="289P/Blanpain">289P/Blanpain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/311P/PanSTARRS" title="311P/PanSTARRS">311P/PanSTARRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/322P/SOHO" title="322P/SOHO">322P/SOHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/323P/SOHO" title="323P/SOHO">323P/SOHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/332P/Ikeya%E2%80%93Murakami" title="332P/Ikeya–Murakami">332P/Ikeya–Murakami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/333P/LINEAR" title="333P/LINEAR">333P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/354P/LINEAR" title="354P/LINEAR">354P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(457175)_2008_GO98" title="(457175) 2008 GO98">362P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/460P/PanSTARRS" title="460P/PanSTARRS">460P/PanSTARRS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid#Terminology" title="Asteroid">Comet-like<br />asteroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/596_Scheila" title="596 Scheila">596 Scheila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2060_Chiron" title="2060 Chiron">2060 Chiron</a> (95P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4015_Wilson%E2%80%93Harrington" title="4015 Wilson–Harrington">4015 Wilson–Harrington</a> (107P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7968_Elst%E2%80%93Pizarro" title="7968 Elst–Pizarro">7968 Elst–Pizarro</a> (133P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/165P/LINEAR" title="165P/LINEAR">165P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/166P/NEAT" title="166P/NEAT">166P/NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/167P/CINEOS" title="167P/CINEOS">167P/CINEOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60558_Echeclus" title="60558 Echeclus">60558 Echeclus</a> (174P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/118401_LINEAR" title="118401 LINEAR">118401 LINEAR</a> (176P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/238P/Read" title="238P/Read">238P/Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/259P/Garradd" title="259P/Garradd">259P/Garradd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/311P/PanSTARRS" title="311P/PanSTARRS">311P/PanSTARRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/324P/La_Sagra" title="324P/La Sagra">324P/La Sagra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/331P/Gibbs" title="331P/Gibbs">331P/Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/354P/LINEAR" title="354P/LINEAR">354P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/358P/PANSTARRS" class="mw-redirect" title="358P/PANSTARRS">358P/PANSTARRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P/2013_R3_(Catalina-PANSTARRS)" class="mw-redirect" title="P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)">P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(300163)_2006_VW139" title="(300163) 2006 VW139">(300163) 2006 VW139</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Lost_comet" title="Lost comet">Lost</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Recovered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9P/Tempel" class="mw-redirect" title="9P/Tempel">9P/Tempel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11P/Tempel%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93LINEAR" title="11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR">11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15P/Finlay" title="15P/Finlay">15P/Finlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Holmes" title="Comet Holmes">17P/Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27P/Crommelin" title="27P/Crommelin">27P/Crommelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54P/de_Vico%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93NEAT" title="54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT">54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55P/Tempel%E2%80%93Tuttle" title="55P/Tempel–Tuttle">55P/Tempel–Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57P/du_Toit%E2%80%93Neujmin%E2%80%93Delporte" title="57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte">57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/69P/Taylor" title="69P/Taylor">69P/Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72P/Denning%E2%80%93Fujikawa" title="72P/Denning–Fujikawa">72P/Denning–Fujikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/80P/Peters%E2%80%93Hartley" title="80P/Peters–Hartley">80P/Peters–Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/97P/Metcalf%E2%80%93Brewington" title="97P/Metcalf–Brewington">97P/Metcalf–Brewington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4015_Wilson%E2%80%93Harrington" title="4015 Wilson–Harrington">107P/Wilson–Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/113P/Spitaler" title="113P/Spitaler">113P/Spitaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/122P/de_Vico" title="122P/de Vico">122P/de Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/157P/Tritton" title="157P/Tritton">157P/Tritton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/205P/Giacobini" title="205P/Giacobini">205P/Giacobini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/206P/Barnard%E2%80%93Boattini" title="206P/Barnard–Boattini">206P/Barnard–Boattini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/226P/Pigott%E2%80%93LINEAR%E2%80%93Kowalski" title="226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski">226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/271P/van_Houten%E2%80%93Lemmon" title="271P/van Houten–Lemmon">271P/van Houten–Lemmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/289P/Blanpain" title="289P/Blanpain">289P/Blanpain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Destroyed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biela%27s_Comet" title="Biela's Comet">3D/Biela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Shoemaker%E2%80%93Levy_9" title="Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9">D/1993 F2 (Shoemaker–Levy 9)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Not found</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lexell%27s_Comet" title="Lexell's Comet">D/1770 L1 (Lexell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5D/Brorsen" title="5D/Brorsen">5D/Brorsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18D/Perrine%E2%80%93Mrkos" title="18D/Perrine–Mrkos">18D/Perrine–Mrkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20D/Westphal" title="20D/Westphal">20D/Westphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25D/Neujmin" title="25D/Neujmin">25D/Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34D/Gale" title="34D/Gale">34D/Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75D/Kohoutek" title="75D/Kohoutek">75D/Kohoutek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/83D/Russell" title="83D/Russell">83D/Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85D/Boethin" title="85D/Boethin">85D/Boethin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets_and_comets_visited_by_spacecraft#List_of_comets_visited_by_spacecraft" title="List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft">Visited by<br />spacecraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21P/Giacobini%E2%80%93Zinner" title="21P/Giacobini–Zinner">21P/Giacobini–Zinner</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet" title="Halley's Comet">1P/Halley</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/26P/Grigg%E2%80%93Skjellerup" title="26P/Grigg–Skjellerup">26P/Grigg–Skjellerup</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/19P/Borrelly" title="19P/Borrelly">19P/Borrelly</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/81P/Wild" title="81P/Wild">81P/Wild</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempel_1" title="Tempel 1">9P/Tempel</a> (2005, 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_McNaught" title="Comet McNaught">C/2006 P1</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/103P/Hartley" title="103P/Hartley">103P/Hartley</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/67P/Churyumov%E2%80%93Gerasimenko" title="67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko">67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_near-parabolic_comets" title="List of near-parabolic comets">Near-Parabolic<br />comets<br />(notable)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Until 1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_Comet" title="Caesar's Comet">C/-43 K1 (Caesar's Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X/1106_C1" title="X/1106 C1">X/1106 C1 (Great Comet of 1106)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1264" title="Great Comet of 1264">C/1264 N1 (Great Comet of 1264)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1402" title="Great Comet of 1402">C/1402 D1 (Great Comet of 1402)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1472" title="Great Comet of 1472">C/1471 Y1 (Great Comet of 1472)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1577" title="Great Comet of 1577">C/1577 V1 (Great Comet of 1577)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1652_Y1" title="C/1652 Y1">C/1652 Y1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1680" title="Great Comet of 1680">C/1680 V1 (Great Comet of 1680, Kirsch's Comet, Newton's Comet)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1702_H1" title="C/1702 H1">C/1702 H1 (Comet of 1702)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_of_1729" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet of 1729">C/1729 P1 (Comet of 1729, Comet Sarabat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1744" title="Great Comet of 1744">C/1743 X1 (Great Comet of 1744, Comet Klinkenberg-Chéseaux)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1760_A1" title="C/1760 A1">C/1760 A1 (Great Comet of 1760)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1769_P1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1769 P1">C/1769 P1 (Great Comet of 1769)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1807_R1" title="C/1807 R1">C/1807 R1 (Great Comet of 1807)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1811" title="Great Comet of 1811">C/1811 F1 (Great Comet of 1811)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1819" title="Great Comet of 1819">C/1819 N1 (Great Comet of 1819)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1823" title="Great Comet of 1823">C/1823 Y1 (Great Comet of 1823)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1843" title="Great Comet of 1843">C/1843 D1 (Great March Comet of 1843)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1847_T1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1847 T1">C/1847 T1 (Miss Mitchell's Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Donati" title="Comet Donati">C/1858 L1 (Comet Donati)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1861_G1_(Thatcher)" title="C/1861 G1 (Thatcher)">C/1861 G1 (Comet Thatcher)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1861_J1" title="C/1861 J1">C/1861 J1 (Great Comet of 1861)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1865_B1" title="C/1865 B1">C/1865 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1865)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X/1872_X1" title="X/1872 X1">X/1872 X1 (Pogson's Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1874_H1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1874 H1">C/1874 H1 (Comet Coggia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1881_K1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1881 K1">C/1881 K1 (Comet Tebbutt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1882" title="Great Comet of 1882">C/1882 R1 (Great Comet of 1882)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Southern_Comet_of_1887" title="Great Southern Comet of 1887">C/1887 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1887)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1901" title="Great Comet of 1901">C/1901 G1 (Great Comet of 1901)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_January_Comet_of_1910" title="Great January Comet of 1910">C/1910 A1 (Great January Comet of 1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1911_O1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1911 O1">C/1911 O1 (Brooks)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1911_S3" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1911 S3">C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Skjellerup%E2%80%93Maristany" title="Comet Skjellerup–Maristany">C/1927 X1 (Skjellerup–Maristany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1931_P1_(Ryves)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1931 P1 (Ryves)">C/1931 P1 (Ryves)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1941_B2_(de_Kock-Paraskevopoulos)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)">C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1947_X1_(Southern_Comet)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)">C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1948_V1" title="C/1948 V1">C/1948 V1 (Eclipse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Arend%E2%80%93Roland" title="Comet Arend–Roland">C/1956 R1 (Arend–Roland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1957_P1_(Mrkos)" title="C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)">C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1961_O1_(Wilson-Hubbard)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard) (page does not exist)">C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1961_O1_(Wilson-Hubbard)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Humason" title="Comet Humason">C/1961 R1 (Humason)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1962_C1_(Seki-Lines)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)">C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1963_A1_(Ikeya)" title="C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)">C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Pereyra" title="Comet Pereyra">C/1963 R1 (Pereyra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1964_N1_(Ikeya)" title="C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)">C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Ikeya%E2%80%93Seki" title="Comet Ikeya–Seki">C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1969_T1_(Tago-Sato-Kosaka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka) (page does not exist)">C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1969_T1_(Tago-Sato-Kosaka)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Bennett" title="Comet Bennett">C/1969 Y1 (Bennett)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_White%E2%80%93Ortiz%E2%80%93Bolelli" title="Comet White–Ortiz–Bolelli">C/1970 K1 (White–Ortiz–Bolelli)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Kohoutek" title="Comet Kohoutek">C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_West" title="Comet West">C/1975 V1 (West)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1980_E1_(Bowell)" title="C/1980 E1 (Bowell)">C/1980 E1 (Bowell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_IRAS%E2%80%93Araki%E2%80%93Alcock" title="Comet IRAS–Araki–Alcock">C/1983 H1 (IRAS–Araki–Alcock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1989_W1_(Aarseth-Brewington)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)">C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1989_X1_(Austin)" title="C/1989 X1 (Austin)">C/1989 X1 (Austin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Skorichenko%E2%80%93George" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Skorichenko–George">C/1989 Y1 (Skorichenko–George)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">After 1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/1990_K1_(Levy)" title="C/1990 K1 (Levy)">C/1990 K1 (Levy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1992_J1_(Spacewatch)" title="C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch)">C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch–Rabinowitz)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_McNaught%E2%80%93Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet McNaught–Russell">C/1993 Y1 (McNaught–Russell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hale%E2%80%93Bopp" title="Comet Hale–Bopp">C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hyakutake" title="Comet Hyakutake">C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Zhu%E2%80%93Balam" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Zhu–Balam">C/1997 L1 (Zhu–Balam)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Stonehouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Stonehouse">C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1998_J1_(SOHO)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1998 J1 (SOHO) (page does not exist)">C/1998 J1 (SOHO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1999_F1_(Catalina)" title="C/1999 F1 (Catalina)">C/1999 F1 (Catalina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1999_S4_(LINEAR)" title="C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)">C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2000_WM1_(LINEAR)" title="C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)">C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_A2_(LINEAR)" title="C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)">C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_OG108" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2001 OG108">C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_Q4_(NEAT)" title="C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)">C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2002_T7" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2002 T7">C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2002_V1_(NEAT)" title="C/2002 V1 (NEAT)">C/2002 V1 (NEAT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2004_F4_(Bradfield)" title="C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)">C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Machholz" title="Comet Machholz">C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Pojma%C5%84ski" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Pojmański">C/2006 A1 (Pojmański)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2006_M4_(SWAN)" title="C/2006 M4 (SWAN)">C/2006 M4 (SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_McNaught" title="Comet McNaught">C/2006 P1 (McNaught)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_E2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)">C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2007 F1">C/2007 F1 (LONEOS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Lulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Lulin">C/2007 N3 (Lulin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_Q3_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)">C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_W1_(Boattini)" title="C/2007 W1 (Boattini)">C/2007 W1 (Boattini)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Yi%E2%80%93SWAN" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Yi–SWAN">C/2009 F6 (Yi–SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2009_R1_(McNaught)" title="C/2009 R1 (McNaught)">C/2009 R1 (McNaught)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2010_X1_(Elenin)" title="C/2010 X1 (Elenin)">C/2010 X1 (Elenin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2011_L4" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2011 L4">C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2011_W3_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)">C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_E2_(SWAN)" title="C/2012 E2 (SWAN)">C/2012 E2 (SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_F6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)">C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_K1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2012 K1">C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_ISON" title="Comet ISON">C/2012 S1 (ISON)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_A1_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)">C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_R1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 R1">C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_US10_(Catalina)" title="C/2013 US10 (Catalina)">C/2013 US10 (Catalina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_V5_(Oukaimeden)" title="C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)">C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_E2_(Jacques)" title="C/2014 E2 (Jacques)">C/2014 E2 (Jacques)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q1_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)">C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)">C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_ER61_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)">C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_V2_(Johnson)" title="C/2015 V2 (Johnson)">C/2015 V2 (Johnson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_K2_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)">C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua" title="ʻOumuamua">1I/2017 U1 ʻOumuamua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_Y1_(Iwamoto)" title="C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)">C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">2I/Borisov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_U6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)">C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_Y4_(ATLAS)" title="C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)">C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2020_F3_(NEOWISE)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)">C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2020_F8_(SWAN)" title="C/2020 F8 (SWAN)">C/2020 F8 (SWAN)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C/2021 A1 (Leonard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2022_E3_(ZTF)" title="C/2022 E3 (ZTF)">C/2022 E3 (ZTF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_A3_(Tsuchinshan%E2%80%93ATLAS)" title="C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)">C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_P1_(Nishimura)" title="C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)">C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">After 1910<br />(by name)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/1989_W1_(Aarseth-Brewington)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)">Aarseth-Brewington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Arend%E2%80%93Roland" title="Comet Arend–Roland">Arend–Roland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1989_X1_(Austin)" title="C/1989 X1 (Austin)">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1911_S3" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1911 S3">Beljawsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Bennett" title="Comet Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_W1_(Boattini)" title="C/2007 W1 (Boattini)">Boattini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">Borisov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1980_E1_(Bowell)" title="C/1980 E1 (Bowell)">Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2004_F4_(Bradfield)" title="C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)">Bradfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1911_O1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1911 O1">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalina_Sky_Survey" title="Catalina Sky Survey">Catalina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/1999_F1_(Catalina)" title="C/1999 F1 (Catalina)">C/1999 F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_US10" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 US10">C/2013 US10</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1941_B2_(de_Kock-Paraskevopoulos)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)">de Kock–Paraskevopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1948_V1" title="C/1948 V1">Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2010_X1_(Elenin)" title="C/2010 X1 (Elenin)">Elenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hale%E2%80%93Bopp" title="Comet Hale–Bopp">Hale-Bopp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Humason" title="Comet Humason">Humason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hyakutake" title="Comet Hyakutake">Hyakutake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaoru_Ikeya" title="Kaoru Ikeya">Ikeya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/1963_A1_(Ikeya)" title="C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)">C/1963 A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1964_N1_(Ikeya)" title="C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)">C/1964 N1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Ikeya%E2%80%93Seki" title="Comet Ikeya–Seki">Ikeya-Seki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_IRAS%E2%80%93Araki%E2%80%93Alcock" title="Comet IRAS–Araki–Alcock">IRAS–Araki–Alcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_ISON" title="Comet ISON">ISON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_Y1_(Iwamoto)" title="C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)">Iwamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_E2_(Jacques)" title="C/2014 E2 (Jacques)">Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_V2_(Johnson)" title="C/2015 V2 (Johnson)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Kohoutek" title="Comet Kohoutek">Kohoutek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lemmon_Observatory" title="Mount Lemmon Observatory">Lemmon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_F6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)">C/2012 F6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_C2_(Lemmon)" title="C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)">C/2018 C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_U6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)">C/2019 U6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1990_K1_(Levy)" title="C/1990 K1 (Levy)">Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Near-Earth_Asteroid_Research" title="Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research">LINEAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/1999_S4_(LINEAR)" title="C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)">C/1999 S4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2000_WM1_(LINEAR)" title="C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)">C/2000 WM1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_A2_(LINEAR)" title="C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)">C/2001 A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2002_T7" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2002 T7">C/2002 T7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Observatory_Near-Earth-Object_Search" title="Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search">LONEOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_OG108" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2001 OG108">C/2001 OG108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2007 F1">C/2007 F1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Lovejoy" title="Terry Lovejoy">Lovejoy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_E2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)">C/2007 E2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2011_W3_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)">C/2011 W3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_R1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 R1">C/2013 R1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)">C/2014 Q2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Lulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Lulin">Lulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Machholz" title="Comet Machholz">Machholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._McNaught" title="Robert H. McNaught">McNaught</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_McNaught" title="Comet McNaught">C/2006 P1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2009_R1_(McNaught)" title="C/2009 R1 (McNaught)">C/2009 R1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_McNaught%E2%80%93Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet McNaught–Russell">McNaught–Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1957_P1_(Mrkos)" title="C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)">Mrkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Tracking" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking">NEAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_Q4_(NEAT)" title="C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)">C/2001 Q4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2002_V1_(NEAT)" title="C/2002 V1 (NEAT)">C/2002 V1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_NEOWISE" title="Comet NEOWISE">NEOWISE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_P1_(Nishimura)" title="C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)">Nishimura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_V5_(Oukaimeden)" title="C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)">Oukaimeden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua" title="ʻOumuamua">ʻOumuamua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-STARRS" title="Pan-STARRS">Pan-STARRS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2011_L4" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2011 L4">C/2011 L4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_K1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2012 K1">C/2012 K1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/311P/PanSTARRS" title="311P/PanSTARRS">311P/PanSTARRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q1_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)">C/2014 Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_ER61_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)">C/2015 ER61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_K2" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2017 K2">C/2017 K2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Pereyra" title="Comet Pereyra">Pereyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Pojma%C5%84ski" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Pojmański">Pojmański</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryves_Comet" title="Ryves Comet">Ryves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1962_C1_(Seki-Lines)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)">Seki–Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siding_Spring_Observatory" title="Siding Spring Observatory">Siding Spring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_Q3_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)">C/2007 Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_A1_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)">C/2013 A1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Skjellerup%E2%80%93Maristany" title="Comet Skjellerup–Maristany">Skjellerup–Maristany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Skorichenko%E2%80%93George" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Skorichenko–George">Skorichenko–George</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1998_J1_(SOHO)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1998 J1 (SOHO) (page does not exist)">SOHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1947_X1_(Southern_Comet)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1992_J1_(Spacewatch)" title="C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch)">Spacewatch–Rabinowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Stonehouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Stonehouse">Stonehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory#Instruments" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SWAN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2006_M4_(SWAN)" title="C/2006 M4 (SWAN)">C/2006 M4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_E2_(SWAN)" title="C/2012 E2 (SWAN)">C/2012 E2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2020_F8_(SWAN)" title="C/2020 F8 (SWAN)">C/2020 F8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1969_T1_(Tago-Sato-Kosaka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka) (page does not exist)">Tago-Sato-Kosaka</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1969_T1_(Tago-Sato-Kosaka)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_A3_(Tsuchinshan%E2%80%93ATLAS)" title="C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)">Tsuchinshan–ATLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_West" title="Comet West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_White%E2%80%93Ortiz%E2%80%93Bolelli" title="Comet White–Ortiz–Bolelli">White–Ortiz–Bolelli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1961_O1_(Wilson-Hubbard)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard) (page does not exist)">Wilson–Hubbard</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1961_O1_(Wilson-Hubbard)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Yi%E2%80%93SWAN" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Yi–SWAN">Yi–SWAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Zhu%E2%80%93Balam" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Zhu–Balam">Zhu–Balam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2022_E3_(ZTF)" title="C/2022 E3 (ZTF)">ZTF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Comets" title="Category:Comets">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2021_in_space" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2021_in_space" title="Template:2021 in space"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2021_in_space" title="Template talk:2021 in space"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2021_in_space" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2021 in space"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2021_in_space" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2021 in space</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><div style="float: left;"> « <a href="/wiki/Template:2020_in_space" title="Template:2020 in space">2020</a></div> <div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Template:2022_in_space" title="Template:2022 in space">2022</a> »</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2021_in_spaceflight" title="2021 in spaceflight">Space probe and<br />telescope launches</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_probes_launched_in_2021" title="Category:Space probes launched in 2021"><img alt="Space probes launched in 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_space_station" title="Tiangong space station">Tiangong space station</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_core_module" title="Tianhe core module">Tianhe</a></i> (April 2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucy_(spacecraft)" title="Lucy (spacecraft)">Lucy</a></i> (Oct 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test">DART</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/LICIACube" title="LICIACube">LICIACube</a></i> (Nov 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> (Dec 2021)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perseverance_Landing_Skycrane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Perseverance_Landing_Skycrane.jpg/150px-Perseverance_Landing_Skycrane.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Perseverance_Landing_Skycrane.jpg/225px-Perseverance_Landing_Skycrane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Perseverance_Landing_Skycrane.jpg/300px-Perseverance_Landing_Skycrane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDS_70_closeup_-_eso2111a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/PDS_70_closeup_-_eso2111a.jpg/150px-PDS_70_closeup_-_eso2111a.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/PDS_70_closeup_-_eso2111a.jpg/225px-PDS_70_closeup_-_eso2111a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/PDS_70_closeup_-_eso2111a.jpg/300px-PDS_70_closeup_-_eso2111a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2517" data-file-height="1034" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Illustration_of_Comet_Bernardinelli-Bernstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Illustration_of_Comet_Bernardinelli-Bernstein.jpg/150px-Illustration_of_Comet_Bernardinelli-Bernstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Illustration_of_Comet_Bernardinelli-Bernstein.jpg/225px-Illustration_of_Comet_Bernardinelli-Bernstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Illustration_of_Comet_Bernardinelli-Bernstein.jpg/300px-Illustration_of_Comet_Bernardinelli-Bernstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winchcombe_meteorite" title="Winchcombe meteorite">Winchcombe meteorite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">NEOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asteroid_close_approaches_to_Earth_in_2021" title="List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2021">Asteroid close approaches</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_AV7" title="2021 AV7">2021 AV<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">7</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_XR" title="2020 XR">2020 XR</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_DV1" title="2016 DV1">2016 DV<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_DW1" title="2021 DW1">2021 DW<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/99942_Apophis" title="99942 Apophis">99942 Apophis</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(231937)_2001_FO32" title="(231937) 2001 FO32">(231937) 2001 FO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">32</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_GW4" title="2021 GW4">2021 GW<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">4</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_PH27" title="2021 PH27">2021 PH<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">27</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_AJ193" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 AJ193">2016 AJ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">193</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_SG" title="2021 SG">2021 SG</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_TP21" title="2021 TP21">2021 TP<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">21</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_UA1" title="2021 UA1">2021 UA<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_XS" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 XS">2019 XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3361_Orpheus" title="3361 Orpheus">3361 Orpheus</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_WR12" title="1994 WR12">1994 WR<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">12</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4660_Nereus" title="4660 Nereus">4660 Nereus</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(163899)_2003_SD220" title="(163899) 2003 SD220">(163899) 2003 SD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">220</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_AH" title="2018 AH">2018 AH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2021" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2021">Exoplanets</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Exoplanets_discovered_in_2021" title="Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2021"><img alt="Exoplanets discovered in 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candidate_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Candidate 1">Alpha Centauri Ab</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(unconfirmed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COCONUTS-2b" title="COCONUTS-2b">COCONUTS-2b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_486" title="Gliese 486">Gliese 486</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_108236#Planetary_system" title="HD 108236">HD 108236 f</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_110082_b" class="mw-redirect" title="HD 110082 b">HD 110082 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1704b" title="Kepler-1704b">Kepler-1704b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI-5#Planetary_system" title="KOI-5">KOI-5Ab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_98-59#Planetary_system" title="L 98-59">L 98-59</a> <ul><li>e</li> <li>f?</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalande_21185#Planetary_system" title="Lalande 21185">Lalande 21185 c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Serpentis#Planetary_system" title="Lambda Serpentis">Lambda Serpentis b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHS_1678" title="LHS 1678">LHS 1678</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGTS-13b" title="NGTS-13b">NGTS-13b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGTS-14Ab" title="NGTS-14Ab">NGTS-14Ab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGLE-2019-BLG-0960Lb" title="OGLE-2019-BLG-0960Lb">OGLE-2019-BLG-0960Lb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDS_70c" class="mw-redirect" title="PDS 70c">PDS 70c</a> <a href="/wiki/Circumplanetary_disk" title="Circumplanetary disk">circumplanetary disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIC_172900988_b" class="mw-redirect" title="TIC 172900988 b">TIC 172900988 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOI-178#Orbital_resonance" title="TOI-178">TOI-178</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOI-178c" title="TOI-178c">c</a></li> <li>d</li> <li>e</li> <li>f</li> <li>g</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_110113" title="HD 110113">TOI-755</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega#Possible_planetary_system" title="Vega">Vega b</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(unconfirmed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YSES_2_b" title="YSES 2 b">YSES 2 b</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discoveries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QSO_J0313%E2%88%921806" title="QSO J0313−1806">QSO J0313−1806</a> (distant quasar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ID2299" title="ID2299">ID2299</a> (elliptical galaxy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIC_168789840" title="TIC 168789840">TIC 168789840</a> sextuple system</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V723_Monocerotis" title="V723 Monocerotis">V723 Mon</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_nearest_black_holes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of nearest black holes">black hole</a> candidate</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_AG37" title="2018 AG37">2018 AG<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">37</span></span></a></span> (TNO)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_DR15" title="2021 DR15">2021 DR<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">15</span></span></a></span> (TNO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALESS_073.1" title="ALESS 073.1">ALESS 073.1</a> (spiral galaxy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PJ352%E2%80%9315" title="PJ352–15">PJ352–15</a> <a href="/wiki/Astrophysical_jet" title="Astrophysical jet">astrophysical jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_J03480772%E2%88%926022270" title="2MASS J03480772−6022270">2MASS J0348−6022</a> (rapidly-rotating brown dwarf)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZTF_J1901%2B1458" title="ZTF J1901+1458">ZTF J1901+1458</a> (massive white dwarf)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_1534%E2%80%931043" title="WISE 1534–1043">WISE 1534–1043</a> (brown dwarf)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy%27s_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Andy's object">Andy's object</a> (radio source)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comets <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Comets_in_2021" title="Category:Comets in 2021"><img alt="Comets in 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C/2021 A1 (Leonard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_J1_(Maury-Attard)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)">C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(248370)_2005_QN173" title="(248370) 2005 QN173">(248370) 2005 QN<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">173</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8P/Tuttle" title="8P/Tuttle">8P/Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_OG392_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2014 OG392 (PanSTARRS)"><span class="nowrap">C/2014 OG<sub>392</sub></span> (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_UN271_(Bernardinelli-Bernstein)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein)"><span class="nowrap">C/2014 UN<sub>271</sub></span> (Bernardinelli-Bernstein)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_T4_(Lemmon)" title="C/2021 T4 (Lemmon)">C/2021 T4 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P/2021_U3_(Attard-Maury)" title="P/2021 U3 (Attard-Maury)">P/2021 U3 (Attard-Maury)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space <br />exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Mars_Mission" title="Emirates Mars Mission"><i>Hope</i> Mars mission</a> (Mars orbit insertion: Feb 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> (Mars orbit insertion: Feb 2021; <a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i></a> Mars landing: Feb 2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a></i> (Mars orbit insertion: Feb 2021; <a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)"><i>Zhurong</i> rover</a> Mars landing: May 2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/48px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/64px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Outer_space" title="Portal:Outer space">Outer space portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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