CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913538c3ed898938',cH: 'qvKNGyH9VQbjGENEqHQqTrG8FQumdWAYDpbhAur2EDE-1739789481-1.2.1.1-KyTspb2V7HSNU9ZjkUdno0sLZqnST8RAfHo9Atsnx7RiF1KY_2jWzlY92l.nX40C',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Akbar%20Ali&__cf_chl_tk=hIhzAJiNvBbPGZa8j_lP56kgBsk8Ape9RoqBmFUBQv8-1739789481-1.0.1.1-FjVJ8MaeVeTtpdHVfgpnpP5G3ajDrrnBePfYQRvLKmo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739789481',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Akbar%20Ali&__cf_chl_f_tk=hIhzAJiNvBbPGZa8j_lP56kgBsk8Ape9RoqBmFUBQv8-1739789481-1.0.1.1-FjVJ8MaeVeTtpdHVfgpnpP5G3ajDrrnBePfYQRvLKmo",md: "PYcBr9PoYOp75JOm.8aJX3x_MT65uwR9dnFc5ZvloXI-1739789481-1.2.1.1-jfMVCnzLw5QiOjm6.m0vC5BQTWHqwPgO9xUV_q5Me.fahL9_7dMprvunHNexTeRg0kt6ckKKJmkdBQyGNkqL6qKoQLyjbu1c76baly_V70anAb5RNNU3HLlqWjnmhas3WU7_hG2z5m6StNrK99ygKdKfjFSqnHyaaNc6NtAPfsYTvBh9CCOqYiqGQmBVzA78L2opX4Ess2tTYTHkWIxBIY09kBbd46Bs5OtkgK.4t3WQuzfQKpm_euCnE21MEyqIOQPerDgC6BvH0uA.uWesbl2eeMyDo3zEYg048A4aN8Np9pTw5Jdl8aXa25eRnvm58AsTxckoJdL1OJPkj_MEmQuYCdHeGjYM0HuNQ7vq_nVTlcbL6OnRr1nliGUEKpbVhaIJhA5jKbuUBMrFVV4.rVgXBzqlQOhlaaBV1P7JhnFzvF49WG7sSj63pnTgNPzoRkBwNMDst2GrGmsQWh7aqfr88b6pjaNn8QUS68OsLng2KiSr_YsTYIjrGuzX_Pvtwov.LEnsKWKqdxRDAwOW.RKuElpvNXw04MXpbgNr3dKDAiY6cg_gUGJfFGeLCwqbdddYPrismhV72tsnM.Q_Njpyls9J4U_cpje2BKKzgD0SxnRIKuKOts8aR2o3nzlyR3edZB04k8siggmk48W99m2IgBO9mx.zn_OGmjxcKQvr1Ea8V.OuV2jroJ9VciV23LBCZOPkA6g2AOlHJV53Yvi99puTAc51oTqjrbFtjDyVIeHXwwreBwJd89q7ujMjLSz1hunwMGBymp7PPCpzZzI5AS0ARgsi8PZfer_UTlOG84N7jyWoXIS59dJytCV3U0PaD.RCe6uQK.9mgUDxMbS.XygPQukQmS1WpWYG.BkbFd9nCm5uLCIrRadC4ZA1eV7Ag96TbIPnlgpNfk8prerH_.mP0r9_TWS6XzFKApa.YXhxL_hM_teL7EQwlF_B3q_ZLkRuWlPyWdoQYYA9Rqp7GaEuCNjxwyJgbKhWE1K8Uz6KiMCU66HnS_V4lBWr2xdgmOH8.GGlc6Wmpix51xdahyBV1J7jafrRvrDp8wYaOiVfaxz75nJjfVfWt.lHIF23eY39QYFza3YcJ9zemp7E6qfu4gsC7WCXIBhK9dJJGO8L5XZ3Jy3XVF9.nqmlUhyNlMzSrXYXgMdhJxZsFQY1cs0oddiztU8fBJ2GzcBsAhgne4rQ6cnwbM.WpbSZPgRF4V3Fkb6.djI.37hVFkLGgnoGm_FAHg1pMHNYLdVQugx4wICrMqQ5oxIEUVtsLwHr3_5xwO5deG9KGgd0tbcbVfcI.0mi0uFhgOC8QjsOsZFkuYOLf_I9FBdD4HWrEK6S.zoatZyD94q_KXaXsAdSYEfa8PlQ4lCDLd2HJZI1TSMuE99U4ZmYoj56QbzrT2G8PGAkf3irVk0SCc.Eh8yGh4ph37bJrOa6x14GylVU5w5DrfCl9Zv5N_euJiGrVs30Jx5O3TFQeAxHM5DBHiIisuYxiAXDlE.NI6OZnPONzJjUEclTK2ziT0jMmuM5FoBHWOYAZ_UAvVU_uVfQ4mqe_sltOYhKmD5UMbaC4x26e.gsvKcmSjDphNKnCn_BJ0g2cycElVVkOipQwALCuZlLJAtLsGwyajLXr4SNcMedg8k_XcETaFyABnUx9egsGTZzXkav0OBk5HgYO3QEm5i5kwy5mUbtmJS03.WGC3LdHBuVc0YdCijT2_4JXAkQhQr_D_CP5AEPgyrDYR_kyTe5U0i.5KesJDmwej8jEk.RhVSJuHEHzX75VKIIpQOxJFBTFQB.hvxoD.DItNJ5.9SbrzEXC3Sv9ysW2vUy3ZFsCqk.ZTKV6hfKnx5trCc71GoGAMiOqv52yTnk1b1C4zwfe1SmSsXOSn.suukMEGe95RyUExzen8M9oVbDoudM2i7eZ1zv8UYb2phEtOAPGg",mdrd: "XYNN6zkFHZvpBRDQU7_.KkqM9RS9nKlCcIQ3YQvb5pU-1739789481-1.2.1.1-WG2AJbrsvwcNjM5QOTB61nGQVg6XG2XmrpMRJZYgXmeKXCCHaFIxD7JUPb4BaMnXFleKyQUlFGUxsjyq5x5t4yoH5oOIaC3452AVxvVevUV5sLrwZAvahON51KxQuBxjF5qVVfdmkWU8NIBzv0_y50SYGbrJrx75t9JTNm67dQSIfevJ9GRw5x0jv_frfnUZuXt63J3NKyzPR28lAPrXnyoC.1jtDvOVj1xiXQdfZK.HFUDW6Xn04fA2RfC2SWX9DgqxB4XGA56z9IbrZOPn3Vp592P7KQUFs6cdbz_UD_HepjIdZJWSoeGZhzPX2wdhtNmF1pQR_HWVlk.XOjKtR5KFI_7q25UIOLpfG03lIrQPfwo5_3NXlkfrNZLhRxE6bD2tpRHfPi38XJTvTnaUdbGWRsZMj6Je_h0hBQtt6i8F1JoByQtBBX4XSi1YQhsLczUk9sk5LTRTlEeaXyf_bY7gn5GhbT9a9voaZyBjHHMwSaAGOG..EVWu99JDLlGeD9kkYBUq15YiqM6iKYCo2CLVNsb8_cjBryoMrVY0mWBoD403jAqp7rIhzAuM0lD3_2zk1CTp_6M3M_uRxBw3NuS8guEWDLBCYZOscQ96ZN4r.qm3WP5l.LG8PkruAXcMa4TIXhNLL_._NMynQScC_o1hg8ineOozki_WOZhg3pp7ZEhPteGOB81UTK3MJdvafZ8dWjQPnGMpRsEqseJPYFTNzt4S2G.QLIoj_TxjVXsWo.yEfKVgV7zw3CZx42oNYy09BzH1BKmYld4JdG3H3b8_b1cIfOvI_oVNZfTx.fiV5Llq40G5ug4YO86xJFRR6h8jClGVmsRdaqDjhu4EFYARHdRdu69yt0BPdhQxihX.T1.e_im9gmsH371LBk0Ctxn.N_4d3H.FT74z5CC8k2h6bFLtICboITCu72Z87V8.T2rMUo.iJcAO19AAU7teKgeMuADWV4N419M8ul0v7rxFZ_4VhJ.hXD.UF8VaqnUUKUHoadMl8aJa7ljOahfsWolxjw5kva.1DEsAzTWoizcFzQ.3clpIOa3xtcz9A1Rk0Aii7gbPe2BW9GUO.RCF.QGgi4tzrmvGTRJvajsGhOODeJCPGbYxqRTSvHToT_OCRSo9D25DmT774Z6NM6BPopz15vFBHSuiJCsDeyHYg.Q4JWzMMz9nECaaf65fb_2sicRCRq1qUg4_2mCKxsfHn7oTzY4R6wkS9czaCrDKimDwDfwxdpXXV0SPy3CfdgMbGJccHbebWY13NE7VOQrBc9gnuTT3.BjKCFp9Fb1NJeIf6AJlUo06nIZrnXowfV1LDTOvZGieKhguCy6AhcGRgb7OfqTEkp754jFDoorGFA4z30iRNyypmh6jTg31eVB7sR7wg4nbnazlDC1B45HZKWo2OZw6CnAIQhW9nBFAThGNbqB2KX6c4URYtrqEhiZ1_HCNSgPBeHGfcYZXI1.cU2wa7hyZx4icU8GIAubmjBUOXxCGukWf6CVmCn_marY.ylxxdpOKTDmSFbC1g7PO22iLf6AK9WOJHOF0eRIfr2YLScWx6NZY6t_KYlKUB3SNg8k81yNp0NyhNN0ls3f7gBkIzCGza.nd9R6d4ZbSM6y9aDjr5ljzQisCoYhb.1iqnElXzRMWlpRyxUjMvtX5LBQTcxsQNxMzvRBnil1DuRdxIM0rujPeFoo10KgM9YTGclMVupUd5SzCdvIRbBJuPrG5ZE_g1hIqCHh02NSWx.Brf54GX34PbBIECXrWNwlqYOltH_tEjoTox4s2EuWMX2ODNZ1aJbabqtHm75alWZSM_52v8JDhQdqNgreRE7NcGUGz8AgCa_Kg8AvXkbhhOMjGd9IyDHJ2b5vdlfn3SoJcuXRFMX2QujdfiKtJKKHv2fEiKyoj9_.7ZnIt3eY7P_OK8AdVi8JxNaYBCpF2HUF8ndg4JaSz4UpbTzCeIp0CKWPDwrEO2gjXZcv7BQTRoMetVaLv58DpSMwBKvJDCQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913538c3ed898938';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Akbar%20Ali&__cf_chl_rt_tk=hIhzAJiNvBbPGZa8j_lP56kgBsk8Ape9RoqBmFUBQv8-1739789481-1.0.1.1-FjVJ8MaeVeTtpdHVfgpnpP5G3ajDrrnBePfYQRvLKmo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>