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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relaterte_publikasjonar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Relaterte publikasjonar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relaterte_publikasjonar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjelder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjelder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kjelder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjelder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wolfgang Pauli</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 92 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="فولفغانغ باولي – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فولفغانغ باولي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Ernst_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Ernst Pauli – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Wolfgang Ernst Pauli" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfqanq_Pauli" title="Volfqanq Pauli – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Volfqanq Pauli" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="وولفقانق پائولی – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وولفقانق پائولی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="ভোল্‌ফগাং পাউলি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভোল্‌ফগাং পাউলি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Вольфганг Паўлі – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вольфганг Паўлі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Вольфганг Паўлі – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вольфганг Паўлі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Волфганг Паули – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Волфганг Паули" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA_%CE%A0%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B9" title="Βόλφγκανγκ Πάουλι – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βόλφγκανγκ Πάουλι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ولفگانگ پاولی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ولفگانگ پاولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AB%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%85%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%80" title="વુલ્ફગૅંગ પાઉલી – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વુલ્ફગૅંગ પાઉલી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%ED%94%84%EA%B0%95_%ED%8C%8C%EC%9A%B8%EB%A6%AC" title="볼프강 파울리 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="볼프강 파울리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%B8%D5%AC%D6%86%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%AB" title="Վոլֆգանգ Պաուլի – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վոլֆգանգ Պաուլի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="वुल्फगांग पौली – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वुल्फगांग पौली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%92_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99" title="וולפגנג פאולי – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וולפגנג פאולי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಾಲ್ಫಗಾಂಗ್ ಪೌಲಿ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಾಲ್ಫಗಾಂಗ್ ಪೌಲಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ვოლფგანგ პაული – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვოლფგანგ პაული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Вольфганг Паули – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Вольфганг Паули" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Ernst_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Ernst Pauli – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Wolfgang Ernst Pauli" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfgangus_Pauli" title="Volfgangus Pauli – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Volfgangus Pauli" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfgangs_Pauli" title="Volfgangs Pauli – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Volfgangs Pauli" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Ernst_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Ernst Pauli – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Wolfgang Ernst Pauli" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Волфганг Паули – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Волфганг Паули" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – madagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF" title="വൂൾഫ്‌ഗാങ്ങ് പോളി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൂൾഫ്‌ഗാങ്ങ് പോളി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="वोल्फगांग पॉली – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वोल्फगांग पॉली" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ვოლფგანგ პაული – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვოლფგანგ პაული" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="فولفجانج پولى – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فولفجانج پولى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ولفگانگ پاولی – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ولفگانگ پاولی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Вольфганг Паули – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вольфганг Паули" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="वुल्फग्याङ पौली – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वुल्फग्याङ पौली" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%91%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AA" title="ヴォルフガング・パウリ – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴォルフガング・パウリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Ernst_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Ernst Pauli – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Wolfgang Ernst Pauli" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ولفگانگ پالی – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولفگانگ پالی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Паули, Вольфганг – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Паули, Вольфганг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uw-hu-kang.paw-li" title="Uw-hu-kang.paw-li – sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Uw-hu-kang.paw-li" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="वुल्फगांग पौली – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वुल्फगांग पौली" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Ernst_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Ernst Pauli – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wolfgang Ernst Pauli" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%86%DA%B5%D9%81%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="وۆڵفگانگ پاولی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وۆڵفگانگ پاولی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Волфганг Паули – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Волфганг Паули" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="வூல்ப்காங் பவுலி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வூல்ப்காங் பவுலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ว็อล์ฟกัง เพาลี – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ว็อล์ฟกัง เพาลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Wolfgang Pauli" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Вольфганг Паулі – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вольфганг Паулі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ولف گینگ پاولی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولف گینگ پاولی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Ernst_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Ernst Pauli – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wolfgang Ernst Pauli" 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<tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background:lightgrey; color:black; text-align:center;">Wolfgang Pauli</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wolfgang_Pauli_ETH-Bib_Portr_01042.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Wolfgang_Pauli_ETH-Bib_Portr_01042.jpg/220px-Wolfgang_Pauli_ETH-Bib_Portr_01042.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Wolfgang_Pauli_ETH-Bib_Portr_01042.jpg/330px-Wolfgang_Pauli_ETH-Bib_Portr_01042.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Wolfgang_Pauli_ETH-Bib_Portr_01042.jpg 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /> </td></tr><tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" align="center" style="text-align:center;"></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Fødd</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;">Wolfgang Ernst Pauli<br />25. april 1900<br /><a href="/wiki/Wien" title="Wien">Wien</a> i <a href="/wiki/Austerrike-Ungarn" title="Austerrike-Ungarn">Austerrike-Ungarn</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Død</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/15._desember" title="15. desember">15. desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a> (58 år)<br /><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sveits" title="Sveits">Sveits</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Statsborgarskap</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Sveits" title="Sveits">Sveits</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Nasjonalitet</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Austerrike" title="Austerrike">Austerriksk</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Område</th><td class="kategori" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Kvantemekanikk" title="Kvantemekanikk">kvantemekanikk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partikkelfysikk" title="Partikkelfysikk">partikkelfysikk</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Yrke</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q19350898" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q19350898">teoretisk fysikar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q1622272" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q1622272">universitetslærar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q593644" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q593644">kjemikar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fysikar" title="Fysikar">fysikar</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Institusjonar</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q156725" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q156725">Universitetet i Hamburg</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q152838" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q152838">Universitetet i Göttingen</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q11942" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q11942">Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr-instituttet" title="Niels Bohr-instituttet">Niels Bohr-instituttet</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q217741" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q217741">Purdue University</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q11942" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q11942">Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit%C3%A4t_M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (sida finst ikkje)">Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Doktorgradsrettleiar</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld" title="Arnold Sommerfeld">Arnold Sommerfeld</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Doktorgradsstudentar</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Kemmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Kemmer (sida finst ikkje)">Nicholas Kemmer</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felix_Villars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felix Villars (sida finst ikkje)">Felix Villars</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Kjend for</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Paulis_eksklusjonsprinsipp" title="Paulis eksklusjonsprinsipp">Paulis eksklusjonsprinsipp</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Influerte</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Kronig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Kronig (sida finst ikkje)">Ralph Kronig</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Ektefelle</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q108667561" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q108667561">Käthe Margarethe Deppner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q108667562" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q108667562">Franziska Bertram</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Medlem</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q684415" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q684415">Det bayerske vitskapsakademiet</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kungliga_Vetenskapsakademien" title="Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien">Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q833738" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q833738">Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q253439" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q253439">Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q463303" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q463303">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q40358" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q40358">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q466113" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q466113">American Physical Society</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Religion</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Romersk-katolsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Romersk-katolsk">Romersk-katolsk</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><div style="padding-top:0.25em; text-align:left; font-style:90%;"><b>Merknader</b><br />Hans gudfar var <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Mach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Mach (sida finst ikkje)">Ernst Mach</a>. Må ikkje forvekslast med <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Wolfgang Paul</a>, som Pauli kalla sin 'ekte del'.</div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Wolfgang Ernst Pauli</b> (<a href="/wiki/25._april" title="25. april">25. april</a> <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>–<a href="/wiki/15._desember" title="15. desember">15. desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>) var ein <a href="/wiki/Austerrike" title="Austerrike">austerriksk</a> <a href="/wiki/Fysikar" title="Fysikar">fysikar</a> kjend for arbeidet sitt på teorien om <a href="/wiki/Spinn" title="Spinn">spinn</a> og spesielt oppdaginga av <a href="/wiki/Paulis_eksklusjonsprinsipp" title="Paulis eksklusjonsprinsipp">eksklusjonsprinsippet</a> som er fundamentet for all <a href="/wiki/Kjemi" title="Kjemi">kjemi</a>. Han vart tildelt <a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen_i_fysikk" title="Nobelprisen i fysikk">Nobelprisen i fysikk</a> i 1945 «for oppdaginga av eksklusjonsprinsippet, òg kalla Paulis eksklusjonsprinsipp».<sup id="cite_ref-Tildeling_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tildeling-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografi">Biografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Pauli&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Biografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Pauli&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Biografi"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wolfgang_Pauli_young.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Wolfgang_Pauli_young.jpg/220px-Wolfgang_Pauli_young.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Wolfgang_Pauli_young.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Wolfgang Pauli</figcaption></figure> <p>Wolfgang Ernst Pauli vart fødd i <a href="/wiki/Wien" title="Wien">Wien</a>, og foreldra heitte Wolfgang Joseph Pauli og Berta Camilla Schütz. Mellomnamnet sitt fekk han av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gudfar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gudfar (sida finst ikkje)">gudfaren</a>, fysikaren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Mach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Mach (sida finst ikkje)">Ernst Mach</a>. </p><p>Pauli var elev ved Döblinger-Gymnasium i Wien og gjekk ut derfrå med beste skussmål i 1918. Berre to månader etter uteksaminering publiserte han sitt første <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitskapleg_arbeid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitskapleg arbeid (sida finst ikkje)">vitskaplege arbeid</a>, om Einsteins teori om <a href="/wiki/Generell_relativitet" class="mw-redirect" title="Generell relativitet">generell relativitet</a>. Han følgde forelesningar ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit%C3%A4t_M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (sida finst ikkje)">Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität</a> i <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München">München</a> og arbeidde under <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld" title="Arnold Sommerfeld">Arnold Sommerfeld</a>, og der mottok han <a href="/wiki/Doktorgrad" title="Doktorgrad">doktorgraden</a> sin i juli 1921 for ei avhandling om kvanteteorien til ionisert <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molekyl%C3%A6rt_hydrogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molekylært hydrogen (sida finst ikkje)">molekylært hydrogen</a>. </p><p>Sommerfeld bad Pauli gjere ei drøfting av <a href="/wiki/Relativitet" class="mw-redirect" title="Relativitet">relativitet</a> for <i>Encyklopaedie der mathematischen Wissenschaften</i>, eit tysk <a href="/wiki/Leksikon" title="Leksikon">leksikon</a>. To månader etter at han mottok doktorgraden sin fullførte Pauli artikkelen, som vart på 237 sider. Han vart lovprist av <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a>; utforma som ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monograf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monograf (sida finst ikkje)">monograf</a> er han den dagen i dag ein standardreferanse om emnet. </p><p>Han var eit år ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg-August-Universit%C3%A4t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg-August-Universität (sida finst ikkje)">Georg-August-Universität</a> i <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a> som assistenten til <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a>, og det påfølgjande året ved det som skulle bli <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr-instituttet" title="Niels Bohr-instituttet">Niels Bohr Institutet</a> for teoretisk fysikk ved <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B8benhavns_Universitet" title="Københavns Universitet">Københavns Universitet</a>. Deretter var han frå 1923 til 1928 forelesar ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universit%C3%A4t_Hamburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universität Hamburg (sida finst ikkje)">Universität Hamburg</a>. I denne perioden var Pauli i sentrum for utviklinga av den moderne <a href="/wiki/Kvantemekanikk" title="Kvantemekanikk">kvantemekaniske</a> teorien. Han formulerte konkret <a href="/wiki/Paulis_eksklusjonsprinsipp" title="Paulis eksklusjonsprinsipp">eksklusjonsprinsippet</a> og teorien om ikkje-relativistisk <a href="/wiki/Spinn" title="Spinn">spinn</a>. (Sjå under for ei liste over dei vitskaplege bidraga hans.) </p><p>I mai 1929 forlét Pauli den katolske kyrkja, og i desember gifta han seg med Käthe Margarethe Deppner. Det var eit ulukkeleg ekteskap som enda med skilsmisse i 1930 etter mindre enn eit år. I byrjinga av 1931, kort tid etter skilsmissa og postuleringa av <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B8ytrino" title="Nøytrino">nøytrinoet</a> like etter, hadde Pauli eit nervøst samanbrot. Han oppsøkte psykiateren og psykoterapeuten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Jung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Jung (sida finst ikkje)">Carl Jung</a> som i likskap med Pauli budde nær <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>. Jung byrja umiddelbart å tolke hans djupt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arketype&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arketype (sida finst ikkje)">arketypiske</a> draumar, og Pauli vart ein av dei beste studentane for djupnepsykologen. Snart byrja han å kome med vitskapleg kritikk av dei <a href="/wiki/Erkjenningsteori" class="mw-redirect" title="Erkjenningsteori">erkjenningsteoretiske</a> aspekta ved teorien til Jung og bidrog på denne måten til ei vis oppklaring av tankane til sistnemnde, særleg omkring konseptet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Synkronisitet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synkronisitet (sida finst ikkje)">synkronisitet</a>. Ein stor del av desse diskusjonane er dokumentert i Pauli/Jung-breva, no utgjeve som «Atom and Archetype» (sjå under). Jungs analyse av over 400 av draumane til Pauli er skildra utførleg i boka <i>Psykologi og alkymi</i>. </p><p>I 1928 vart Pauli tilsett som professor i teoretisk fysikk ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eidgen%C3%B6ssische_Technische_Hochschule_Z%C3%BCrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (sida finst ikkje)">Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule</a> i <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>. Han hadde gjesteprofessorat ved <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> i 1931 og ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_Advanced_Study&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute for Advanced Study (sida finst ikkje)">Institute for Advanced Study</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeton_i_New_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princeton i New Jersey (sida finst ikkje)">Princeton</a> i 1935. Han mottok den nederlandske <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorentzmedaljen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorentzmedaljen (sida finst ikkje)">Lorentzmedaljen</a> i 1931. I 1934 gifta han seg med Franca Bertram. Dette ekteskapet skulle vare resten av livet. Dei to fekk ingen born saman. </p><p>Den tyske <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">annekteringa</a> av Austerrike i 1938 gjorde han til tysk statsborgar, noko som vart eit problem ved utbrotet av <a href="/wiki/Andre_verdskrigen" title="Andre verdskrigen">andre verdskrigen</a> i 1939. Pauli flytta til <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> i 1940 der han var professor i teoretisk fysikk ved <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a>. Etter krigen var over vart han i 1946 ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalisering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturalisering (sida finst ikkje)">naturalisert statsborgar</a> av USA før han returnerte til Zürich der han stort sett vart verande resten av livet. </p><p>I 1945 mottok Pauli <a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen_i_fysikk" title="Nobelprisen i fysikk">Nobelprisen i fysikk</a> for sitt «konsise bidrag gjennom oppdaginga si av ei ny naturlov i 1925, eksklusjonsprinsippet eller Pauliprinsippet.» Han hadde vorte nominert til prisen av <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a>. </p><p>I 1958 vart Pauli tildelt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck-medaljen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Planck-medaljen (sida finst ikkje)">Max Planck-medaljen</a>. Same år fekk han <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kreft_i_bukspyttkjertelen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kreft i bukspyttkjertelen (sida finst ikkje)">kreft i bukspyttkjertelen</a>. Då den siste assistenten hans, Charles Enz, vitja han på Rotkreuz hospital i <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, spurde Pauli han: «Kan du sjå romnummeret?» Det var rom nummer 137. Gjennom heile livet sitt hadde Pauli vore fascinert av spurnaden om kvifor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finstrukturkonstanten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finstrukturkonstanten (sida finst ikkje)">finstrukturkonstanten</a>, ein <a href="/wiki/Dimensjonsanalyse" title="Dimensjonsanalyse">dimensjonslaus</a> grunnleggjande konstant, har ein verdi som er tilnærma lik 1/137. Pauli døydde i dette rommet den <a href="/wiki/15._desember" title="15. desember">15. desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vitskapleg_karriere">Vitskapleg karriere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Pauli&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Vitskapleg karriere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Pauli&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Vitskapleg karriere"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pauli kom i karrieren sin som fysikar med mange viktige bidrag, først og fremst innanfor emnet <a href="/wiki/Kvantemekanikk" title="Kvantemekanikk">kvantemekanikk</a>. Han publiserte sjeldan arbeida sine men føretrekte i staden uttømmande brevvekslingar med kollegaene sine (slik som <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> og <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a> som han òg utvikla nære vennskap med.) Mange av ideane hans og resultata vart aldri publisert og kom berre fram i desse breva som ofte vart kopiert og sirkulert av mottakarane. Pauli var tilsynelatande ikkje uroa over at han ikkje skulle få æra for mykje av det arbeidet han utførte. Dei følgjande er dei arbeida som <i>har</i> vorte tilskriven han: </p><p>I 1924 foreslo Pauli ein ny fridomsgrad for kvant for å løyse sjølvmotseiingar mellom observerte molekylære spektrum og teorien om <a href="/wiki/Kvantemekanikk" title="Kvantemekanikk">kvantemekanikk</a> som var under utvikling. Han formulerte <a href="/wiki/Paulis_eksklusjonsprinsipp" title="Paulis eksklusjonsprinsipp">Paulis eksklusjonsprinsipp</a>, hans kanskje viktigaste arbeid, som fastslo at to <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> ikkje kan eksistere i den same kvantetilstand. Førestillinga om spinn hadde opphavet sitt hos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Kronig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Kronig (sida finst ikkje)">Ralph Kronig</a>. <a href="/wiki/George_Uhlenbeck" title="George Uhlenbeck">Uhlenbeck</a> og <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goudsmit" title="Samuel Goudsmit">Goudsmit</a> identifiserte éit år seinare denne fridomsgraden som <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a>-<a href="/wiki/Spinn" title="Spinn">spinn</a>. </p><p>I 1926, kort etter at <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a> publiserte matriseteorien for moderne <a href="/wiki/Kvantemekanikk" title="Kvantemekanikk">kvantemekanikk</a>, brukte Pauli han til å leie ut det observerte spektrumet for <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenatom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogenatom">hydrogenatomet</a>. Dette resultatet var viktig for å underbygge truverdet til teorien til Heisenberg. </p><p>I 1927 introduserte han <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paulimatriser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paulimatriser (sida finst ikkje)">paulimatriser</a> som eit fundament for spinnoperatorar, og løyste på det viset den ikkje-relativistiske teorien for spinn. Dette arbeidde påverka <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a> i oppdaginga hans av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diraclikninga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diraclikninga (sida finst ikkje)">diraclikninga</a> for det <a href="/wiki/Relativitet" class="mw-redirect" title="Relativitet">relativistiske</a> elektronet. </p><p>I 1930 arbeidde Pauli med spørsmål omkring <a href="/wiki/Betadesintegrasjon" title="Betadesintegrasjon">betadesintegrasjon</a>, der ein <a href="/wiki/Radioaktiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioaktiv">radioaktiv</a> atomkjerne sender ut <a href="/wiki/Betastr%C3%A5ling" class="mw-redirect" title="Betastråling">betastråling</a>. I eit brev datert 4. desember adressert til «kjære radioaktive damer og herrar» (<a href="/wiki/Lise_Meitner" title="Lise Meitner">Lise Meitner</a> og andre) foreslo han eksistensen til ein hittil uobservert nøytral partikkel med ein liten masse (ikkje større enn 1 % av massen til eit proton) for å kunne forklare det kontinuerlege spekteret ved <a href="/wiki/Betadesintegrasjon" title="Betadesintegrasjon">betadesintegrasjon</a>. I 1934 innlema <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a> partikkelen, som han kalla <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B8ytrino" title="Nøytrino">nøytrino</a>, i teorien sin om radioaktiv desintegrering. Det gjekk lang tid før ein fann nøytrinoet eksperimentelt; obervasjonar vart stadfeste i 1956, to og eit halvt år før Pauli døydde. </p><p>I 1940 beviste han <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinn-statistikk-teoremet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spinn-statistikk-teoremet (sida finst ikkje)">spinn-statistikk-teoremet</a>, eit avgjerande resultat av kvantefeltteori som fastslår at partiklar med halvtalsspinn er <a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">fermionar</a> medan partiklar med heiltalsspinn er <a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">bosonar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personlegdom_og_omdøme"><span id="Personlegdom_og_omd.C3.B8me"></span>Personlegdom og omdøme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Pauli&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Personlegdom og omdøme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Pauli&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Personlegdom og omdøme"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paulieffekten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paulieffekten (sida finst ikkje)">Paulieffekten</a> har namnet sitt frå ein bisarr evne til å øydeleggje eksperimentelt utstyr utelukkande ved å vere i nærleiken. Pauli sjølv var klår over ryktet sitt og fryda seg kvar gong Paulieffekten manifesterte seg. </p><p>I tilhøve til fysikk var Pauli kjend for å vere ein perfeksjonist. Dette gjaldt ikkje berre dei eigne arbeida, men òg kollegaene sine. Som ei følgje av det vart han i fysikkrinsar kjent som «samvitet til fysikken», kritikaren som kollegaene hans var nøydde til å stå til ansvar overfor. Han kunne vere bitande i avvisinga si av ein kva for ein som helst teori han ikkje fann komplett, og gav den gjerne nemninga <i>ganz falsch</i>, heilt uriktig. Han er berømt for ein gong å ha uttalt om eit slikt arbeid: «Det er ikkje ein gong feil.» </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moderne_populærkultur"><span id="Moderne_popul.C3.A6rkultur"></span>Moderne populærkultur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Pauli&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Moderne populærkultur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Pauli&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Moderne populærkultur"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I ein episode av den animerte fjernsynsserien <a href="/wiki/Futurama" title="Futurama">Futurama</a> var det ei tilvising til Pauli i ei framvising av ulike øltypar frå det 30. hundreåret, inkludert «St. Pauli eksklusjonsprinsippøl» (ein referanse til ølmerket «St. Pauli Girl Beer»). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relaterte_publikasjonar">Relaterte publikasjonar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Pauli&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Relaterte publikasjonar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Pauli&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Relaterte publikasjonar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Enz, Charles, P. (2002): <i>No Time to be Brief, A scientific biography of Wolfgang Pauli</i>, Oxford Univ. Press.</li> <li>Enz, Charles, P. (1995): "Rationales und Irrationales im Leben Wolfgang Paulis", i: Atmanspacher, H. og andre (1995): <i>Der Pauli-Jung-Dialog</i>, Springer, Berlin.</li> <li>Jung, C.G. (1999): <i>Psykologi och alkemi</i>, Natur och Kultur. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/912705781X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 91-27-05781-X</a></li> <li>Pauli, W., Jung, C.G. (1955): <i>The Interpretation of Nature and the Psyche</i>, Random House</li> <li>Pauli, W., Jung, C.G. (2001): <i>Atom and Archetype, The Pauli/Jung Letters</i>, 1932-1958, red. C.A. Meier, Princeton, Univ. Press, Princeton, New Jersey.</li> <li>Lindorff, David (1994): <i>Pauli and Jung: The Meeting of Two Great Minds</i>, Quest Books.</li> <li>Keve, Tom (2000): <i>Triad: the physicists, the analysts, the kabbalists</i>, Rosenberger & Krausz, London (historical fiction)</li> <li>Pais, Abraham (2000): "The Genius of Science", Oxford Press, Oxford.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjelder">Kjelder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Pauli&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Endre bolk: Kjelder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Pauli&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjelder"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><i>Denne artikkelen bygger på «<a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" class="extiw" title="nb:Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a>» frå <a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovedside" class="extiw" title="nb:Hovedside">Wikipedia på bokmål</a>, den 19. februar 2012.</i> <ul><li><i><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovedside" class="extiw" title="nb:Hovedside">Wikipedia på bokmål</a> oppgav desse kjeldene:</i></li></ul></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3318915">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Tildeling-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Tildeling_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1945/">«Nobelprisen i fysikk 1945»</a> (på engelsk). <a href="/wiki/Nobelstiftelsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelstiftelsen">Nobelprize.org</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. februar 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Pauli&rft.btitle=Nobelprisen+i+fysikk+1945&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1945%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Pauli&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Pauli&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikifrasar"><img alt="Wikifrasar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/15px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/30px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikifrasar" title="Wikifrasar">Wikifrasar</a> har ei sitatsamling som gjeld: <b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/nn:en" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:nn:en">Wolfgang Pauli</a></b> </div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Pauli.html">Pauli-biografi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090430210101/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Pauli.html">Arkivert</a> 2009-04-30 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. fra University of St Andrews, Scotland</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobel-winners.com/Physics/wolfgang_pauli.html">Wolfgang Paulis biografi</a> fra nettstedet «Nobel Prize Winners»</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psychovision.ch/rfr/contrib_SYNC.htm">Wolfgang Pauli, Carl Jung og Marie-Louise von Franz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060629223351/http://www.psychovision.ch/rfr/contrib_SYNC.htm">Arkivert</a> 2006-06-29 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/history/esva/catalog/esva/Pauli_Wolfgang.html">Fotografier av Pauli</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050428191449/http://www.aip.org/history/esva/catalog/esva/Pauli_Wolfgang.html">Arkivert</a> 2005-04-28 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. fra American Institute of Physics</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethbib.ethz.ch/exhibit/pauli/einstieg_e.html">Virtuell vandring gjennom Paulis liv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226185935/http://www.ethbib.ethz.ch/exhibit/pauli/einstieg_e.html">Arkivert</a> 2009-02-26 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3515230">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vinnarar_av_Nobelprisen_i_fysikk" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#d3d3d3;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Nobelprisen_i_fysikk" title="Mal:Nobelprisen i fysikk"><abbr title="Vis denne malen" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:Nobelprisen_i_fysikk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:Nobelprisen i fysikk (sida finst ikkje)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen" style="color:black">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-endre"><a class="external text" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mal:Nobelprisen_i_fysikk&action=edit"><abbr title="Endre denne malen" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vinnarar_av_Nobelprisen_i_fysikk" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Vinnarar av <a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen_i_fysikk" title="Nobelprisen i fysikk">Nobelprisen i fysikk</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:black; background:#d3d3d3;">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Röntgen</a> (1901) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a> (1902) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a> (1903) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">Rayleigh</a> (1904) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" class="mw-redirect" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a> (1905) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="J. J. Thomson">Thomson</a> (1906) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Michelson</a> (1907) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a> (1908) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a> (1909) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van der Waals</a> (1910) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a> (1911) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a> (1912) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a> (1913) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a> (1914) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a> (1915) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a> (1917) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a> (1918) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a> (1919) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a> (1920) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a> (1921) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a> (1922) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a> (1923) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">M. Siegbahn</a> (1924) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Hertz</a> (1925)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:black; background:#d3d3d3;">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Perrin</a> (1926) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Compton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. Wilson</a> (1927) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O. Richardson</a> (1928) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">De Broglie</a> (1929) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" class="mw-redirect" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a> (1930) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a> (1932) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a> (1933) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a> (1935) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Francis_Hess" title="Victor Francis Hess">Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C. D. Anderson</a> (1936) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">Thomson</a> (1937) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a> (1938) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a> (1939) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a> (1943) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a> (1944) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pauli</a> (1945) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a> (1946) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a> (1947) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett,_Baron_Blackett" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett">Blackett</a> (1948) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a> (1949) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Powell</a> (1950)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:black; background:#d3d3d3;">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a> (1951) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a> (1952) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a> (1953) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a> (1954) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Willis_Lamb" title="Willis Lamb">Lamb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a> (1955) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a> (1956) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T. D. Lee</a> (1957) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Aleksejevitsj_Tsjerenkov" title="Pavel Aleksejevitsj Tsjerenkov">Tsjerenkov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Frank" title="Ilja Frank">Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Igor_Tamm" title="Igor Tamm">Tamm</a> (1958) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Emilio_G._Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio G. Segrè">Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a> (1959) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Glaser</a> (1960) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a> (1961) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a> (1962) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">Jensen</a> (1963) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Basov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolaj Basov">Basov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Prokhorov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksander Prokhorov">Prokhorov</a> (1964) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sin-Itiro_Tomonaga" title="Sin-Itiro Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a> (1965) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a> (1966) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a> (1967) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a> (1968) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a> (1969) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Eug%C3%A8ne_F%C3%A9lix_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Eugène Félix Néel">Néel</a> (1970) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a> (1971) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a> (1972) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson">Josephson</a> (1973) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a> (1974) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">A. Bohr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a> (1975)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:black; background:#d3d3d3;">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel C. C. Ting">Ting</a> (1976) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a> (1977) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Kapitsa" title="Pjotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R. Wilson</a> (1978) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a> (1979) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a> (1980) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K. Siegbahn</a> (1981) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">K. Wilson</a> (1982) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a> (1983) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">van der Meer</a> (1984) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a> (1985) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a> (1986) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz" title="Johannes Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Müller</a> (1987) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" title="Leon M. Lederman">Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a> (1988) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey_jr." title="Norman Foster Ramsey jr.">Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a> (1989) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" title="Richard E. Taylor">R. Taylor</a> (1990) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a> (1991) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a> (1992) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor_jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor jr.">J. Taylor</a> (1993) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a> (1994) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a> (1995) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">D. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_D._Osheroff" title="Douglas D. Osheroff">Osheroff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. Richardson</a> (1996) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a> (1997) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Tsui" title="Daniel C. Tsui">Tsui</a> (1998) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerardus 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" class="mw-redirect" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a> (1999) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Zjores_Alferov" class="mw-redirect" title="Zjores Alferov">Alferov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a> (2000)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:black; background:#d3d3d3;">2001–</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a> (2001) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_jr." title="Raymond Davis jr.">Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a> (2002) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Aleksej_Aleksejevitsj_Abrikosov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksej Aleksejevitsj Abrikosov">Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitalij_Ginzburg" title="Vitalij Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a> (2003) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/H._David_Politzer" class="mw-redirect" title="H. David Politzer">Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a> (2004) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Roy_J._Glauber" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy J. Glauber">Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" title="John L. Hall">Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Hänsch</a> (2005) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a> (2006) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a> (2007) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Maskawa</a> (2008) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a> (2009) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Konstantin Novoselov</a> (2010) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_G._Riess" title="Adam G. Riess">Riess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_P._Schmidt" title="Brian P. Schmidt">Schmidt</a> (2011) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serge_Haroche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serge Haroche (sida finst ikkje)">Haroche</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_J._Wineland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David J. Wineland (sida finst ikkje)">Wineland</a> (2012) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Englert (sida finst ikkje)">Englert</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Higgs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Higgs (sida finst ikkje)">Higgs</a> (2013) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isamu_Akasaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isamu Akasaki (sida finst ikkje)">Akasaki</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiroshi_Amano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiroshi Amano (sida finst ikkje)">Amano</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shuji_Nakamura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shuji Nakamura (sida finst ikkje)">Nakamura</a> (2014) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takaaki_Kajita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takaaki Kajita (sida finst ikkje)">Kajita</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_B._McDonald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur B. McDonald (sida finst ikkje)">McDonald</a> (2015) • </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_J._Thouless&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David J. 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