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<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Karakteristike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakteristike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Karakteristike </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Karakteristike-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Uključi/isključi podsekciju Karakteristike </button> <ul id="toc-Karakteristike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Svojstva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Svojstva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Svojstva </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Svojstva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sličnosti_sa_lantanoidima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sličnosti_sa_lantanoidima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Sličnosti sa lantanoidima </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sličnosti_sa_lantanoidima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spojevi_i_reakcije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spojevi_i_reakcije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Spojevi i reakcije </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spojevi_i_reakcije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nukleosinteza_i_izotopi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nukleosinteza_i_izotopi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Nukleosinteza i izotopi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nukleosinteza_i_izotopi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povijest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Povijest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povijest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pojava" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pojava"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Pojava </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pojava-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Uključi/isključi podsekciju Pojava </button> <ul id="toc-Pojava-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Učestalost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Učestalost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Učestalost </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Učestalost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proizvodnja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proizvodnja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Proizvodnja </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proizvodnja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primjene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primjene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Primjene </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Primjene-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Uključi/isključi podsekciju Primjene </button> <ul id="toc-Primjene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Potrošači" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potrošači"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Potrošači </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potrošači-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Granati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Granati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Granati </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Granati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pojačavač_materijala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pojačavač_materijala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Pojačavač materijala </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pojačavač_materijala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Medicina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supravodiči" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supravodiči"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Supravodiči </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supravodiči-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mjere_opreza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mjere_opreza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Mjere opreza </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mjere_opreza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bilješke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilješke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Bilješke </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilješke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Reference </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Bibliografija </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daljnje_čitanje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daljnje_čitanje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Daljnje čitanje </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daljnje_čitanje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Vanjske veze </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Itrijum</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 139 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" > 139 jezika </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Afrikanerski" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikanerski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%AD%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ይትሪየም — Amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ይትሪየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrio" title="Itrio — Aragonežanski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Itrio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonežanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="إتريوم — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إتريوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="إيطريوم — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إيطريوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="اتريوم — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اتريوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriu" title="Itriu — Asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Itriu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ttirium" title="İttirium — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İttirium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий — Baškir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baškir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittrium" title="Ittrium — Balinezijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ittrium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriyo" title="Itriyo — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Itriyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Ітрый — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ітрый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ітар — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ітар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Итрий — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Итрий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="यिट्रियम — Biharski" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="यिट्रियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Biharski" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ইট্রিয়াম — Bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইট্রিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡི་ཊི་རིམ། — Tibetanski" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡི་ཊི་རིམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriom" title="Itriom — Bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Itriom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrij" title="Itrij — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Itrij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itri" title="Itri — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Itri" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriyo" title="Itriyo — Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Itriyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="ئیتیریۆم — centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیتیریۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittriu" title="Ittriu — Korzikanski" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ittriu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korzikanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий — Čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytriwm" title="Ytriwm — Velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ytriwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Velški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8E%CF%84%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ύττριο — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ύττριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrio" title="Itrio — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Itrio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrio" title="Itrio — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Itrio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ctrium" title="Ütrium — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ütrium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrio" title="Itrio — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itrio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ایتریم — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایتریم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="preporučen članak"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ctrium" title="Ütrium — Severno-frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ütrium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Severno-frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itri" title="Itri — Friulijski" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Itri" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriam" title="Itriam — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Itriam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium — Škotski Galski" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Itrium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Škotski Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrio" title="Itrio — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Itrio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="ઈટ્રીયમ — Gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઈટ્રીયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Manks" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — hakka kineski" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="איטריום — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איטריום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="इट्रियम — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इट्रियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrij" title="Itrij — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Itrij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittrium" title="Ittrium — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ittrium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Իտրիում — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իտրիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Itrium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitrio" title="Yitrio — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yitrio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttr%C3%ADn" title="Yttrín — Islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Yttrín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittrio" title="Ittrio — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ittrio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="イットリウム — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イットリウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrtitri" title="jinmrtitri — Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrtitri" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium — Javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Itrium" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="იტრიუმი — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იტრიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%96tr%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Ɩtrɩyɔm — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɩtrɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇಟ್ರಿಯಮ್ — Kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಟ್ರಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%A8" title="이트륨 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이트륨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Etriy%C3%BBm" title="Îtriyûm — Kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îtriyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий — Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytriom" title="Ytriom — Korniški" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ytriom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Korniški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий — Kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Limburgiš" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgiš" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittrio" title="Ittrio — ligurski" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ittrio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrio" title="Itrio — lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Itrio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itris" title="Itris — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Itris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrijs" title="Itrijs — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Itrijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Иттри — Mokša" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Иттри" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Mokša" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Итриум — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Итриум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="യിട്രിയം — Malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യിട്രിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Иттри — Mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иттри" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="इट्रियम — Marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इट्रियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marati" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий — Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Itrium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="အိတ်တြီယမ် — Burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိတ်တြီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="यितृयम — Nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="यितृयम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Norveški njorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveški njorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itri" title="Itri — Provansalski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Itri" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Provansalski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittrii" title="Ittrii — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ittrii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE" title="ଇଟ୍ରିଅମ — Orijski" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇଟ୍ରିଅମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Orijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий — Osetski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osetski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਇਟਰੀਅਮ — Pandžabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਟਰੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandžabski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="यितृयम — Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="यितृयम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itr" title="Itr — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Itr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytrio" title="Ytrio — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ytrio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ایتریم — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایتریم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ايتريوم — Paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ايتريوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dtrio" title="Ítrio — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ítrio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriyu" title="Itriyu — Kvenča" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Itriyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Kvenča" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytriu" title="Ytriu — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ytriu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriu" title="Itriu — Aromanijski" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Itriu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="यितृयम — Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="यितृयम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ctriu" title="Ìtriu — Sardinijski" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ìtriu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinijski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittriu" title="Ittriu — Sicilijanski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ittriu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytrium" title="Ytrium — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ytrium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrij" title="Itrij — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Itrij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriyaam" title="Itriyaam — Somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Itriyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriumi" title="Itriumi — Albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Itriumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Итријум — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Итријум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium — Sudanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Itrium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sudanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytri" title="Ytri — Svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ytri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இற்றியம் — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இற்றியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="యిట్రియం — Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="యిట్రియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий — Tađik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tađik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="อิตเทรียม — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิตเทรียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itriyo" title="Itriyo — Tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Itriyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0triyum" title="İtriyum — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İtriyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иттрий — Tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иттрий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A" title="ئىتترىي — Ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىتترىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Ітрій — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ітрій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="یٹریئم — Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یٹریئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittriy" title="Ittriy — Uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ittriy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittrii" title="Ittrii — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ittrii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytri" title="Ytri — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ytri" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itryo" title="Itryo — Varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Itryo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varej" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇 — Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钇" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Иттриум — Kalmik" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Иттриум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="איטריום — Jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איטריום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — Jorubanski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Jorubanski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%94" title="釔 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="釔" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium — min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Yttrium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%94" title="釔 — kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="釔" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmYambi" title="UmYambi — Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmYambi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q941#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezične poveznice" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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align="center" border="0"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Stroncijum" title="Stroncijum">Sr</a> - Y - <a href="/wiki/Cirkonijum" title="Cirkonijum">Zr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="center"> <a href="/wiki/Skandij" title="Skandij">Sc</a> Y <a href="/wiki/Lutecijum" title="Lutecijum">Lu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Y-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Y-TableImage.svg/250px-Y-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Y-TableImage.svg/375px-Y-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Y-TableImage.svg/500px-Y-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="203" /></a> <div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata">periodni sistem</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0">Opšti podaci </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ime, simbol,<a href="/wiki/Atomski_broj" title="Atomski broj">atomski broj</a> </td> <td>Itrijum, Y, 39 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pripadnost skupu </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prelazni_metali" title="Prelazni metali">prelaznih metala</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>grupa, perioda </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="3. grupa hemijskih elemenata">IIIB</a>, <a href="/wiki/5._perioda_hemijskih_elemenata" title="5. perioda hemijskih elemenata">5</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gustina" title="Gustina">gustina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mosova_skala" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosova skala">tvrdoća</a> </td> <td>4472 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram_po_metru_kubnom" title="Kilogram po metru kubnom">kg/m3</a>, bez podataka </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boja" title="Boja">Boja</a> </td> <td>srebrnosiva </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0">Osobine atoma </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atomska_masa" title="Atomska masa">atomska masa</a> </td> <td>88,90585 <a href="/wiki/Jedinica_atomske_mase" title="Jedinica atomske mase">u</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atomski_radijus" title="Atomski radijus">atomski radijus</a> </td> <td>180 (212) <a href="/wiki/Pikometar" title="Pikometar">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kovalentni_radijus" title="Kovalentni radijus">kovalentni radijus</a> </td> <td>162 pm </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Valsov_radijus" title="Van der Valsov radijus">van der Valsov radijus</a> </td> <td>bez podataka </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronska_konfiguracija" title="Elektronska konfiguracija">elektronska konfiguracija</a> </td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a>]4d15s2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">e</a>- na <a href="/wiki/Energetski_nivo" title="Energetski nivo">energetskim nivoima</a> </td> <td>2, 8, 18, 9, 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oksidacioni_broj" title="Oksidacioni broj">oksidacioni broj</a> </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Osobine oksida </td> <td>slabo bazni </td></tr> <tr> <td>kristalna struktura </td> <td>heksagonalna </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0">fizičke osobine </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Agregatna_stanja" title="Agregatna stanja">agregatno stanje</a> </td> <td>čvrsto </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tali%C5%A1te" title="Talište">temperatura topljenja</a> </td> <td>1799 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (1526 <a href="/wiki/Celzijus" title="Celzijus">°C</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vreli%C5%A1te" title="Vrelište">temperatura ključanja</a> </td> <td>3609 K (3336 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molarni_volumen" title="Molarni volumen">molska zapremina</a> </td> <td>19,88×10−3 m3/<a href="/wiki/Mol_(jedinica)" title="Mol (jedinica)">mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toplota_isparavanja" title="Toplota isparavanja">toplota isparavanja</a> </td> <td>363 <a href="/wiki/Kilod%C5%BEul_po_molu" title="Kilodžul po molu">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toplota_topljenja" title="Toplota topljenja">toplota topljenja</a> </td> <td>11,4 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Napon_pare" title="Napon pare">pritisak zasićene pare</a> </td> <td>5,31 <a href="/wiki/Paskal" title="Paskal">Pa</a> (1799 K) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brzina_zvuka" title="Brzina zvuka">brzina zvuka</a> </td> <td>3300 m/s (293,15 K) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0">Ostale osobine </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost">Elektronegativnost</a> </td> <td>1,22 (<a href="/wiki/Paulingova_skala" title="Paulingova skala">Pauling</a>) 1,11 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alredova_skala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alredova skala (stranica ne postoji)">Alred</a>)</ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Specifi%C4%8Dna_toplota" title="Specifična toplota">specifična toplota</a> </td> <td>300 <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEul_kroz_kilogram-kelvin" title="Džul kroz kilogram-kelvin">J/(kg*K)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Specifi%C4%8Dna_elektri%C4%8Dna_provodljivost" class="mw-redirect" title="Specifična električna provodljivost">specifična provodljivost</a> </td> <td>1,66×106 <a href="/wiki/Simens" class="mw-disambig" title="Simens">S</a>/m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toplotna_provodljivost" class="mw-redirect" title="Toplotna provodljivost">toplotna provodljivost</a> </td> <td>17,2 <a href="/wiki/Vat_kroz_metar-kelvin" title="Vat kroz metar-kelvin">W/(m*K)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I <a href="/wiki/Energija_jonizacije" title="Energija jonizacije">energija jonizacije</a> </td> <td>600 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>II <a href="/wiki/Energija_jonizacije" title="Energija jonizacije">energija jonizacije</a> </td> <td>1180 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>III <a href="/wiki/Energija_jonizacije" title="Energija jonizacije">energija jonizacije</a> </td> <td>1980 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV <a href="/wiki/Energija_jonizacije" title="Energija jonizacije">energija jonizacije</a> </td> <td>5847 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>V <a href="/wiki/Energija_jonizacije" title="Energija jonizacije">energija jonizacije</a> </td> <td>7430 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>VI <a href="/wiki/Energija_jonizacije" title="Energija jonizacije">energija jonizacije</a> </td> <td>8970 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>VII <a href="/wiki/Energija_jonizacije" title="Energija jonizacije">energija jonizacije</a> </td> <td>11190 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>VIII <a href="/wiki/Energija_jonizacije" title="Energija jonizacije">energija jonizacije</a> </td> <td>12450 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>IX <a href="/wiki/Energija_jonizacije" title="Energija jonizacije">energija jonizacije</a> </td> <td>14110 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>X <a href="/wiki/Energija_jonizacije" title="Energija jonizacije">energija jonizacije</a> </td> <td>18400 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0">Najstabilniji izotopi </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotop</a> </th> <th>zast. </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vreme_poluraspada" title="Vreme poluraspada">v.p.r.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Radioaktivnost" title="Radioaktivnost">n.r.</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energija_raspada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energija raspada (stranica ne postoji)">e.r.</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Megaelektronovolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megaelektronovolt (stranica ne postoji)">MeV</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proizvod_raspada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proizvod raspada (stranica ne postoji)">p.r.</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>87Y </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ve%C5%A1ta%C4%8Dki_radioaktivni_izotopi" title="Veštački radioaktivni izotopi">(veš.)</a> </td> <td>80,3 <a href="/wiki/Sat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sat">sati</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarobljavanje_elektrona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zarobljavanje elektrona (stranica ne postoji)">z.e.</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>87<a href="/wiki/Stroncijum" title="Stroncijum">Sr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>88Y </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ve%C5%A1ta%C4%8Dki_radioaktivni_izotopi" title="Veštački radioaktivni izotopi">(veš.)</a> </td> <td>106,6 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">dana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta_raspad" title="Beta raspad">β</a>+ </td> <td> </td> <td>88<a href="/wiki/Stroncijum" title="Stroncijum">Sr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>89Y </td> <td>100% </td> <td colspan="4">stabilni izotor sa 50 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrona</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>91Y </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ve%C5%A1ta%C4%8Dki_radioaktivni_izotopi" title="Veštački radioaktivni izotopi">(veš.)</a> </td> <td>58,5 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">dana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta_raspad" title="Beta raspad">β</a>- </td> <td> </td> <td>91<a href="/wiki/Cirkonijum" title="Cirkonijum">Zr</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0">tamo gde drugačije nije naznačeno, upotrebljene su <a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a> jedinice i <a href="/wiki/Normalni_uslovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Normalni uslovi">normalni uslovi</a>. </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Objašnjenja skraćenica: zast.=zastupljenost u prirodi, v.p.r.=vreme polu raspada, n.r.=način raspada, e.r.=energija raspada, p.r.=proizvod raspada, z.e=zarobljavanje elektrona </td></tr></tbody></table> Itrijum ili itrij (Y, <a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">latinski</a> ytrium) je metal <a href="/wiki/3._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="3. grupa hemijskih elemenata">IIIB</a> i atomskog broja 39. To je srebrno-metalan <a href="/wiki/Prelazni_metali" title="Prelazni metali">prelazni metal</a> kemijski sličan <a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">lantanoidima</a> te je često klasificiran kao "<a href="/wiki/Rijetki_zemni_metali" title="Rijetki zemni metali">rijetki zemni metal</a>".<a href="#cite_note-IUPAC-1">[1]</a> Itrij se gotovo uvijek nalazi u spoju sa lantanoidima u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rijetki_zemni_minerali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rijetki zemni minerali (stranica ne postoji)">rijetkim zemnim mineralima</a> te se nikada ne nalazi u prirodi kao slobodan element. Njegov jedini stabilni <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotop</a>, 89Y, je također njegov jedini prirodni popratni izotop. Godine 1787. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Axel_Arrhenius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Axel Arrhenius (stranica ne postoji)">Carl Axel Arrhenius</a> pronašao je novi mineral kraj <a href="/wiki/Ytterby" title="Ytterby">Ytterbya</a> u Švedskoj te ga nazvao <a href="/wiki/Gadolinit" title="Gadolinit">ytterbite</a>, prema nazivu sela. <a href="/wiki/Johan_Gadolin" title="Johan Gadolin">Johan Gadolin</a> otkrio je itrijev oksid u uzorku Arrheniusa 1789.,<a href="#cite_note-Krogt-2">[2]</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Gustaf_Ekeberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anders Gustaf Ekeberg (stranica ne postoji)">Anders Gustaf Ekeberg</a> je nazvao novi oksid yttria. Elementarni itrij je prvi izolirao <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler">Friedrich Wöhler</a> 1828.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-3">[3]</a> Najvažnija upotreba itrija je u stvaranju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Svjetle%C4%87i_materijal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svjetleći materijal (stranica ne postoji)">svjetlećeg materijala</a>, poput crvenih koje se koriste u televizijskim aparatima u displejima <a href="/wiki/Katodni_monitor" title="Katodni monitor">katodnih monitora</a> (CRT) i u <a href="/wiki/Svetle%C4%87a_dioda" title="Svetleća dioda">svjetlećim diodima</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-4">[4]</a> Također se koristi i za proizvodnju <a href="/wiki/Elektrode_za_zavarivanje" title="Elektrode za zavarivanje">elektrodama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektrolit" title="Elektrolit">elektrolitima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_filtri" class="mw-redirect" title="Električni filtri">električnim filtrima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laserima</a> i <a href="/wiki/Superkonduktor" class="mw-redirect" title="Superkonduktor">superkonduktorima</a>; raznim medicinskim primjenama i za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikroelement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikroelement (stranica ne postoji)">traganje</a> raznih materijala kako bi se povećala njihova svojstva. Itrij nema nijednu poznatu biološku ulogu, a izlaganje dijelovima itrija može dovesti do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolesti_di%C5%A1nog_sustava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolesti dišnog sustava (stranica ne postoji)">bolesti dišnog sustava</a> u ljudi.<a href="#cite_note-osha-5">[5]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karakteristike">Karakteristike</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Karakteristike" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Karakteristike">uredi kod</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Svojstva">Svojstva</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Svojstva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Svojstva">uredi kod</a>]</div> Itrij je mekan, srebrno-metalni, sjajan i vrlo kristalan <a href="/wiki/Prelazni_metali" title="Prelazni metali">prijelazni metal</a> <a href="/wiki/3._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="3. grupa hemijskih elemenata">3. grupe kemijskih elemenata</a>. Ima manju <a href="/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost">elektronegativnost</a> nego njegov prethodnik prema tablici elemenata, <a href="/wiki/Skandij" title="Skandij">skandij</a>, te manju elektronegativnost nego sljedeći element <a href="/wiki/5._perioda_hemijskih_elemenata" title="5. perioda hemijskih elemenata">5. periode kemijskih elemenata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cirkonijum" title="Cirkonijum">cirkonijum</a>; osim toga, po elektonegativnosti je usporediv sa slijedećim u 3. grupi, <a href="/wiki/Lutecijum" title="Lutecijum">lutecijumom</a>, zbog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontrakcija_lantanoida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontrakcija lantanoida (stranica ne postoji)">kontrakcije lantanoida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p946-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hammond-7">[7]</a> Itrij je prvi <a href="/wiki/Elementi_d-bloka" title="Elementi d-bloka">element d-bloka</a> u petom periodu. Ovaj čisti element je relativno stabilan u zraku u rasutom stanju, uslijed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemijska_pasivnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemijska pasivnost (stranica ne postoji)">pasivnosti</a> koja nastaje zbog sloja zaštitnog oksida (Y2O3) na njegovoj površini. Ovaj sloj doseže debljinu od 10 <a href="/wiki/Mikrometar" title="Mikrometar">µm</a> kada se itrij zagrije na 750 °<a href="/wiki/Celzij" class="mw-redirect" title="Celzij">C</a> u vodenoj pari.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-8">[8]</a> Kada je pak fino podijeljen, itrij je vrlo nestabilan u zraku; dijelići ovog metala mogu se zagrijati u zraku do temperature koja prelazi 400 °C.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-3">[3]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijev_du%C5%A1ik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrijev dušik (stranica ne postoji)">Itrijev dušik</a> (YN) se stvara kada se metal zagrije do 1000 °C u <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">dušiku</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sličnosti_sa_lantanoidima">Sličnosti sa lantanoidima</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Sličnosti sa lantanoidima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Sličnosti sa lantanoidima">uredi kod</a>]</div> Sličnosti itrija sa <a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">lantanoidima</a> su tako snažne da je ovaj element kroz povijest često bio svrstan u skupinu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Retki_zemni_elementi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retki zemni elementi (stranica ne postoji)">rijetkih zemnih elemenata</a>,<a href="#cite_note-IUPAC-1">[1]</a> te se u prirodi uvijek nalazi zajedno s njima u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rijetki_zemni_minerali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rijetki zemni minerali (stranica ne postoji)">rijetkim zemnim mineralima</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley498-9">[9]</a> Kemijski, itrij je sličniji tim elementima nego njegov susjed u <a href="/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata">periodnom sustavu elemenata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skandij" title="Skandij">skandij</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ECE810-10">[10]</a> a ako bi se njegove fizičke osobine stavile u <a href="/wiki/Atomski_broj" title="Atomski broj">atomski broj</a> onda bi imale broj od 64.5 do 67.5, stavljajući ga između lantanoida <a href="/wiki/Gadolinij" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadolinij">gadolinij</a> i <a href="/wiki/Erbijum" title="Erbijum">erbijum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ECE815-11">[11]</a> Također često pada u isti raspon reakcijskog reda,<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-8">[8]</a> koji je sličan <a href="/wiki/Terbij" class="mw-redirect" title="Terbij">terbiju</a> i <a href="/wiki/Disprozij" class="mw-redirect" title="Disprozij">disproziju</a> po svojoj kemijskoj reakciji.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-4">[4]</a> Itrij je tako blizu po veličini tzv. 'itrijskoj skupini' teških iona lantanoida da se u otopini ponaša kao da je jedan od njih.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p945-12">[12]</a> Iako su lantanoidi jedan red niže u tablici periodnog sustava nego itrij, sličnosti u <a href="/wiki/Atomski_radijus" title="Atomski radijus">atomskom radijusu</a> se mogu pripisati <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontrakcija_lantanoida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontrakcija lantanoida (stranica ne postoji)">kontrakciji lantanoida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p1234-13">[13]</a> Jedan od rijetkih značajnih razlika između kemije itrija i lantanoida je taj da je itrij gotvo isključivo <a href="/wiki/Valenca_(hemija)" title="Valenca (hemija)">trovalentan</a>, dok oko polovica lantanoida može imati i drugačiju valentnost od tri.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spojevi_i_reakcije">Spojevi i reakcije</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Spojevi i reakcije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Spojevi i reakcije">uredi kod</a>]</div> Kao trovalentan prijelazni metal, tvori razne <a href="/wiki/Neorganska_kemija" class="mw-redirect" title="Neorganska kemija">neorganske spojeve</a>, uglavnom u oksidacijskom stanju od +3, predajući svoja sva tri <a href="/wiki/Valentni_elektron" title="Valentni elektron">valentna elektrona</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p948-14">[14]</a> Dobar primjer je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijev(III)_oksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrijev(III) oksid (stranica ne postoji)">Itrijev(III) oksid</a> (Y2O3), poznat i kao itrija, šestero-<a href="/wiki/Koordinatna_veza" title="Koordinatna veza">koordinatna</a> bijela krutina.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p947-15">[15]</a> Itrij tvori itrijum fluorid koji nije topiv u vodi, <a href="/wiki/Hidroksid" title="Hidroksid">hidroksid</a> i <a href="/wiki/Oksalat" title="Oksalat">oksalat</a>, ali njegov <a href="/wiki/Bromid" title="Bromid">bromid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hlorid" title="Hlorid">hlorid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jodid" title="Jodid">jodid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">nitrat</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sulfat" title="Sulfat">sulfat</a> su <a href="/wiki/Topljivost" title="Topljivost">topljivi</a> u vodi.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion">Ion</a> Y3+ je bezbojan kada se topi zbog odsutnosti elektrona u <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_ljuska" title="Elektronska ljuska">elektronskoj ljusci</a> d i f.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">Voda</a> izaziva reakciju sa itrijom i njegovim spojevima kako bi tvorili Y2O3.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley498-9">[9]</a> Koncentrirana <a href="/wiki/Azotna_kiselina" title="Azotna kiselina">azotna</a> i <a href="/wiki/Fluorovodoni%C4%8Dka_kiselina" title="Fluorovodonička kiselina">Fluorovodonička kiselina</a> ne napadaju snažno itrij, za razliku od drugih snažnih kiselina.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-8">[8]</a> Sa <a href="/wiki/Halogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Halogen">halogenima</a> itrij tvori <a href="/wiki/Halid" title="Halid">halide</a> kao što su <a href="/wiki/Itrijum(III)_fluorid" title="Itrijum(III) fluorid">itrijum(III) fluorid</a> (YF3), <a href="/wiki/Itrijum(III)_hlorid" title="Itrijum(III) hlorid">itrijum(III) hlorid</a> (YCl3) i <a href="/wiki/Itrijum(III)_bromid" title="Itrijum(III) bromid">itrijum(III) bromid</a> (YBr3) pri temperaturama iznad 200 °C.<a href="#cite_note-osha-5">[5]</a> Isto tako, <a href="/wiki/Ugljik" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugljik">ugljik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">selen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij">silicij</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sumpor" title="Sumpor">sumpor</a> svi tvore <a href="/w/index.php?title=Binarni_spojevi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binarni spojevi (stranica ne postoji)">binarne spojeve</a> sa itrijom prilikom povišenih temperatura.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-8">[8]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organoitrijska_kemija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organoitrijska kemija (stranica ne postoji)">Organoitrijska kemija</a> proučava spojeve koje sadrže veze ugljika i itrija. Za nekolicinu njih se zna da sadrže itrij pri oksidacijskom stanju 0.<a href="#cite_note-Cloke1993-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schumann-17">[17]</a> (+2 stanje je promatrano u topljivosti klorida,<a href="#cite_note-Mikheev1992-18">[18]</a> a +1 u oksidacijskim skupinama u plinovitom stanju<a href="#cite_note-Kang2005-19">[19]</a>) Neke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trimerizacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trimerizacija (stranica ne postoji)">trimerizacijske</a> reakcije su promatrane upotrebljavajući organoitrijske spojeve kao katalizatore.<a href="#cite_note-Schumann-17">[17]</a> Ovi spojevi koriste YCl3 kao početni materijal, koji se pak dobivaju od Y2O3 i koncentrirane <a href="/wiki/Hlorovodoni%C4%8Dna_kiselina" title="Hlorovodonična kiselina">klorovodonične kiseline</a> i <a href="/wiki/Amonijum_hlorid" title="Amonijum hlorid">amonijevog klorida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hapti%C4%8Dnost" title="Haptičnost">Haptičnost</a> je kako se skupina graničnih atoma <a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">liganda</a> koordiniraju prema središnjem atomu; na to ukazuje grčka riječ eta, η. Itrijevi spojevi bili su prvi spojevi gdje su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karboran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karboran (stranica ne postoji)">karborani</a> ligandi vezani za d0-metalni centar uz pomoć η7-haptičnosti.<a href="#cite_note-Schumann-17">[17]</a> Isparavanje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafitno_umetanje_spoja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafitno umetanje spoja (stranica ne postoji)">grafitno umetnutog spoja</a> grafita–Y ili grafita–Y2O3 vodi do stvaranja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Endohedralni_fuleren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endohedralni fuleren (stranica ne postoji)">endohedralnih fulerena</a> kao što su Y@C82.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-4">[4]</a> Proučavanja <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_spinska_rezonanca" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronska spinska rezonanca">elektronske spinske rezonance</a> ukazuju na stvaranje parova Y3+ i (C82)3− iona.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Karbidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbidi">Karbidi</a> Y3C, Y2C i YC2 mogu se hidrolizirati kako bi tvorili <a href="/wiki/Ugljikovodici" title="Ugljikovodici">ugljikovodike</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ECE817-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nukleosinteza_i_izotopi">Nukleosinteza i izotopi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Nukleosinteza i izotopi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nukleosinteza i izotopi">uredi kod</a>]</div> Itrij je u <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_sustav" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunčev sustav">sunčevom sustavu</a> stvoren zahvaljujući <a href="/wiki/Zvjezdana_nukleosinteza" title="Zvjezdana nukleosinteza">zvjezdane nukleosinteze</a>, većinom putem <a href="/w/index.php?title=S-proces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-proces (stranica ne postoji)">s-procesa</a> (≈72%), ali također i putem <a href="/w/index.php?title=R-proces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R-proces (stranica ne postoji)">r-procesa</a> (≈28%).<a href="#cite_note-Pack-22">[22]</a> R-proces se sastoji od brzog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hvatanje_neutrona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hvatanje neutrona (stranica ne postoji)">hvatanja neutrona</a> lakših elemenata tijekom eksplozija <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a>. S-proces je sporo hvatanje <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrona</a> lakših elemenata unutar pulsirajućih <a href="/wiki/Crveni_div" title="Crveni div">crvenih divova</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p12-13-23">[23]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Mira_1997.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mira_1997.jpg/225px-Mira_1997.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mira_1997.jpg/338px-Mira_1997.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mira_1997.jpg/450px-Mira_1997.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mira (stranica ne postoji)">Mira</a> je primjer tipa crvenog diva u kojem je stvoreno većina itrija sunčeva sustava.</figcaption></figure> Izotopi itrija su među najčešćim proizvodima <a href="/wiki/Nuklearna_fisija" title="Nuklearna fisija">nuklearne fisije</a> uranija koje se odigrava u nuklearnim eksplozijama i nuklearnim reaktorima. Što se tiče upravljanja <a href="/wiki/Nuklearni_otpad" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuklearni otpad">nuklearnog otpada</a>, najvažniji izotopi itrija su 91Y i 90Y, čije je <a href="/wiki/Vreme_poluraspada" title="Vreme poluraspada">vreme poluraspada</a> 58,51 dan za prvi i 64 sati za drugi.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-24">[24]</a> Iako 90Y ima kratko vrijeme poluraspada, postoji u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekularna_ravnote%C5%BEa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekularna ravnoteža (stranica ne postoji)">sekularnoj ravnoteži</a> sa svojim dugoročnim roditeljskim izotopom, <a href="/wiki/Stroncij" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroncij">stroncij</a>-90 (90Sr) čije je vrijeme poluraspada 29 godina.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-3">[3]</a> Svi elementi 3. grupa imaju neparan <a href="/wiki/Atomski_broj" title="Atomski broj">atomski broj</a>, te stoga imaju malo stabilnih <a href="/wiki/Izotopi" class="mw-redirect" title="Izotopi">izotopa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p946-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Skandij" title="Skandij">Skandij</a> ima jedan stabilni izotop, a sam itrij ima samo jedan stabilan izotop, 89Y, koji je također njegov jedini prirodni. Ipak, rijetki zemni elementi sadrže elemente parnih atomskih brojeva i puno stabilnih izotopa. Smatra se da je itrij-89 obilniji nego što bi inače bio, dijelom i zbog s-procesa, koji dozvoljava dovoljno vremena za izotope - stvorene od drugih procesa - da se raspadnu putem <a href="/wiki/Beta_raspad" title="Beta raspad">emisije elektrona</a> (neutron → proton).<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p12-13-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[note 1]</a> Takav polagan proces favorizira izotope sa atomskim <a href="/wiki/Maseni_broj" title="Maseni broj">masenim brojem</a> (A = protoni + neutroni) od oko 90, 138 i 208, koji imaju neobično stabilne <a href="/wiki/Atomska_jezgra" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomska jezgra">atomske jezge</a> sa 50, 82 i 126 neutrona.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p12-13-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[note 2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-3">[3]</a> 89Y ima maseni broj blizu 90 te ima 50 neutrona u svojoj jezgri. Najmanje 32 sintetička izotopa itrija su proučavana, a isti imaju raspon atomskog masenog broja od 76 do 108.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-24">[24]</a> Najmanje stabilni od njih je 106Y sa vremenom poluraspada od >150 <a href="/wiki/SI_prefiks" title="SI prefiks">ns</a> (76Y ima poluraspad od >200 ns) a najstabilniji je 88Y sa poluraspadom od 106.626 dana.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-24">[24]</a> Uz izotope 91Y, 87Y i 90Y, sa vremenom poluraspada od 58,51 dana, 79.8 sati i 64 sati, a svi ostali izotopi imaju vrijeme poluraspada manje od jednog dana a većina ovih imaju vrijeme poluraspada manje od jednog sata.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-24">[24]</a> Itrijevi izotopi sa masenim brojem istim ili manjim od 88 se raspadaju većinom od izbacivanja <a href="/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron">pozitrona</a> (proton → neutron) kako stvorili <a href="/wiki/Stroncij" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroncij">stroncijeve</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atomski_broj" title="Atomski broj">Z</a> = 38) izotope.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-24">[24]</a> Itrijevi izotopi sa masenim brojem od 90 ili manje se raspadju većinom od izbacivanja elektrona (neutron → proton) kako bi stvorili <a href="/wiki/Cirkonij" class="mw-redirect" title="Cirkonij">cirkonijeve</a> (Z = 40) izotope.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-24">[24]</a> Izotopi sa masenim brojem od 97 ili iznad također imaju manji put raspada od β− kašnjenje izbacivanja neutrona.<a href="#cite_note-nubase-27">[25]</a> Itrij ima najmanje 20 <a href="/wiki/Nuklearni_izomer" title="Nuklearni izomer">nuklearnih izomera</a> u rasponu masenog broja od 78 do 102.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-24">[24]</a> Većina pobuđenih stanja su uočena za 80Y i 97Y.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-24">[24]</a> Dok se za većinu itrijevih izomera očekuje da su manje stabilni nego njegovo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osnovno_stanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osnovno stanje (stranica ne postoji)">osnovno stanje</a>, 78mY, 84mY, 85mY, 96mY, 98m1Y, 100mY i 102mY imaju duže vrijeme poluraspada nego njihova osnovna stanja, jer se ti izomeri raspadaju beta raspadom, a ne <a href="/wiki/Nuklearni_izomer" title="Nuklearni izomer">izomernim prijelazom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nubase-27">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijest">Povijest</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Povijest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijest">uredi kod</a>]</div> 1787., vojni pukovnik i kemičar iz hobija <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Axel_Arrhenius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Axel Arrhenius (stranica ne postoji)">Carl Axel Arrhenius</a> pronašao je težak crni kamen u starom kamenolomu kraj švedskog sela <a href="/wiki/Ytterby" title="Ytterby">Ytterby</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Krogt-2">[2]</a> Pošto je smatrao da se radi o nepoznatom mineralu koji sadrži novo otkriveni element <a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram">volfram</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Emsley496-28">[26]</a> nazvao ga je ytterbite<a href="#cite_note-29">[note 3]</a> poslao je uzorke raznim kemičarima radi analize.<a href="#cite_note-Krogt-2">[2]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Johan_Gadolin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white bust painting of a young man with neckerchief in a coat. The hair is only faintly painted and looks grey." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Johan_Gadolin.jpg/150px-Johan_Gadolin.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Johan_Gadolin.jpg/225px-Johan_Gadolin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Johan_Gadolin.jpg/300px-Johan_Gadolin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johan_Gadolin" title="Johan Gadolin">Johan Gadolin</a> otkrio je itrijev oksid.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Johan_Gadolin" title="Johan Gadolin">Johan Gadolin</a> sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te_%C3%85bo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sveučilište Åbo (stranica ne postoji)">sveučilišta Åbo</a> je identificirao novi oksid Arrheniusovom uzorku 1789., te je objavio svoju potpunu analizu 1794.<a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[note 4]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Gustaf_Ekeberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anders Gustaf Ekeberg (stranica ne postoji)">Anders Gustaf Ekeberg</a> potvrdio je ovo otkriće 1797. te je nazvao novi oksid yttria.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p944-32">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> je kasnije razvio prvu modernu definiciju <a href="/wiki/Kemijski_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemijski element">kemijskih elemenata</a>, te mu dao naziv yttrium [itrij]. 1843., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Gustaf_Mosander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Gustaf Mosander (stranica ne postoji)">Carl Gustaf Mosander</a> je otkrio da uzorci yttria sadrže tri oksida: bijeli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijev_oksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrijev oksid (stranica ne postoji)">itrijev oksid</a> (yttria), žuti <a href="/wiki/Terbijum(III,IV)_oksid" title="Terbijum(III,IV) oksid">terbijum(III,IV) oksid</a> i ružićasti <a href="/wiki/Erbijum(III)_oksid" title="Erbijum(III) oksid">Erbijum(III) oksid</a> (tada zvan terbija).<a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a> Četvrti oksid, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iterbijum(III)_oksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iterbijum(III) oksid (stranica ne postoji)">iterbijum(III) oksid</a>, izolirao je 1878. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Charles_Galissard_de_Marignac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (stranica ne postoji)">Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[30]</a> Novi elementi će kasnije biti izolirani od svakog od ovih oksida, a svaki element će dobiti naziv po Ytterbyu, selu u čijoj su blizini nađeni u kamenolomu (vidi <a href="/wiki/Iterbijum" title="Iterbijum">iterbijum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terbijum" title="Terbijum">terbijum</a> i <a href="/wiki/Erbijum" title="Erbijum">erbijum</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Stwertka115-35">[31]</a> Narednih desetljeća, nekoliko novih metala je otkriveno u "Gadolinovom itriju".<a href="#cite_note-Krogt-2">[2]</a> Pošto je itrija ipak bio mineral a ne oksid, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth (stranica ne postoji)">Martin Heinrich Klaproth</a> ga je preimenovao u <a href="/wiki/Gadolinit" title="Gadolinit">gadolinit</a> u čast gospodinu Gadolinu.<a href="#cite_note-Krogt-2">[2]</a> Itrijev metal prvi je izolirao <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler">Friedrich Wöhler</a> 1828. kada je zagrijao <a href="/wiki/Itrijum(III)_hlorid" title="Itrijum(III) hlorid">itrijum(III) hlorid</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij">kalijom</a>:<a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a> <dl><dd>YCl3 + 3 K → 3 KCl + Y</dd></dl> Do ranih 1920-ih, kemijski simbol Yt se koristio za taj element, nakon čega je dobio pojednostavljenu oznaku Y.<a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a> 1987., otkrilo se da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum_barij_bakar_oksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrijum barij bakar oksid (stranica ne postoji)">itrijum barij bakar oksid</a> postiže <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visokotemperaturna_supraprovodnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visokotemperaturna supraprovodnost (stranica ne postoji)">visokotemperaturnu supraprovodnost</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wu-39">[35]</a> Bio je to tek drugi poznati materijal koji je pokazivao to svojstvo,<a href="#cite_note-Wu-39">[35]</a> te je bio prvi poznati materijal koji je ostvario <a href="/wiki/Supraprovodnost" title="Supraprovodnost">supraprovodnost</a> iznad (ekonomsko značajne) točke vrenja dušika.<a href="#cite_note-40">[note 5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pojava">Pojava</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Pojava" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pojava">uredi kod</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Yttrium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Yttrium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/225px-Yttrium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Yttrium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/338px-Yttrium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Yttrium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/450px-Yttrium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4952" data-file-height="3368" /></a><figcaption>Primjeri gromada koje se sastoje od 99% itrija.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Učestalost">Učestalost</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Učestalost" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Učestalost">uredi kod</a>]</div> Itrij se nalazi u većini <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rijetki_zemni_minerali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rijetki zemni minerali (stranica ne postoji)">rijetkih zemnih minerala</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Hammond-7">[7]</a> kao i u nekoliko ruda <a href="/wiki/Uranijum" title="Uranijum">uranija</a>, ali ga nikada ne nalazimo i prirodi kao slobodan element.<a href="#cite_note-41">[36]</a> Oko 31 <a href="/wiki/Ppm" title="Ppm">ppm</a> zemljine kore je itrij,<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-4">[4]</a> čime je 28. najučestaliji element tamo, te je 400 puta učestaliji od <a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">srebra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley497-42">[37]</a> Itrij se nalazi u tlu u koncentracijama između 10 i 150 ppm dok se u morskoj vodi nalazi u koncentraciji od oko 9 <a href="/wiki/Ppm" title="Ppm">ppt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley497-42">[37]</a> Uzorci stijena sa mjeseca tijekom <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo program">programa Apollo</a> otkrili su relativno visoku koncentraciju itrija.<a href="#cite_note-Stwertka115-35">[31]</a> Itrij nema nijednu poznatu biološku ulogu, iako se nalazi u većini organizama, ponajviše u <a href="/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra">jetri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bubreg" title="Bubreg">bubregu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slezena" class="mw-redirect" title="Slezena">slezeni</a>, plućima i kostima ljudi.<a href="#cite_note-43">[38]</a> U normalnim okolnostima, nalazimo ga u količini od 0,5 miligrama unutar cijelog ljudskog tijela; ljudsko mlijeko za dojenje sadrži 4 ppm.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley495-44">[39]</a> Itrij se nalazi u jestivim biljkama u koncetracijama između 20 ppm i 100 ppm, a najviše ga ima <a href="/wiki/Kupus" title="Kupus">kupus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley495-44">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proizvodnja">Proizvodnja</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Proizvodnja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Proizvodnja">uredi kod</a>]</div> Kemijska sličnost itrija sa lantanoidima dovodi do toga da ga obogaćuju i isti procesi te završava u rudama koja sadrže lantanoide. Malena razlika otkriva se između svjetla (LREE) i teških rijetkih zemnih elemenata (HREE) ali to odvajanje nikada nije potpuno. Itrij je koncentiran u skupinu HREE zbog svoje ionske veličine iako ima manju <a href="/wiki/Atomska_masa" title="Atomska masa">atomsku masu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-45">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kanazawaa-46">[41]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Yttrium_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Yttrium_1.jpg/225px-Yttrium_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Yttrium_1.jpg/338px-Yttrium_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Yttrium_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Komadić itrija. Itrij se teško odvaja od drugih rijetkih zemnih elemenata</figcaption></figure> Postoje četiri glavna izvora za rijetke zemne elemente:<a href="#cite_note-Naumov-47">[42]</a> <ul><li>karbonit i fluorid koji sadrže rude kao što su LREE <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastn%C3%A4sit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bastnäsit (stranica ne postoji)">bastnäsit</a> ([(Ce, La, etc.)(CO3)F]) sadrže prosječno 0,1%<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morteani-45">[40]</a> itrija u usporedbi sa 99,9% ostalih rijetkih zemnih elemenata.<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-45">[40]</a> Glavni izvor za bastnäsit od 1960-ih do 1990-ih bio je rudnik u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountain_Pass,_Kalifornia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mountain Pass, Kalifornia (stranica ne postoji)">Mountain Passu</a> u <a href="/wiki/Kalifornija" title="Kalifornija">Kaliforniji</a>, što je tada činilo SAD najvećim proizvođačem rijetkih zemnih elemenata.<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-45">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Naumov-47">[42]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monazit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monazit (stranica ne postoji)">Monazit</a> ([(Ce, La, itd.)PO4]), koji je uglavnom fosfat, je naslaga pijeska koji se stvara tijekom prijevozom i gravitacijskim razdvajanjem erodiranog granita. Monazit kso ruda rijetkog zemnog materijala sadrži 2%<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-45">[40]</a> (ili 3%)<a href="#cite_note-Stwertka116-48">[43]</a> itrija. Najveća nalazišta su bila u Indiji i Brazilu u 20. stoljeću, zbog čega su te dvije zemlje bile najveći proizvođači itrija tijekom ranog 20. stoljeća.<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-45">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Naumov-47">[42]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ksenotim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ksenotim (stranica ne postoji)">Ksenotim</a> je fosfat rijetkog zemnog elementa. Njegove rude sadrže 60% itrija i itrijevog fosfata (YPO4).<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-45">[40]</a> Najveći rudnik ovog minerala bilo je nalazište <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayan_Obo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayan Obo (stranica ne postoji)">Bayan Obo</a> u Kini, čime je Kina največi proizvođač rijetkih zemnih materijala od zatvaranja rudnika u Mountain Passu početkom 1990-ih.<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-45">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Naumov-47">[42]</a></li> <li>glina koja apsorbira iona, tzv. Loognanova glina, je proizvod granita i sadrži 1% rijetkih zemnih elemenata<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-45">[40]</a> Njene rude mogu sadržavati i do 8% itrija. Takva glina se većinom iskopava u Kini.<a href="#cite_note-Morteani-45">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Naumov-47">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[44]</a> Itrij se nalazi i u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samarskit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samarskit (stranica ne postoji)">samarskitu</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fergusonit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fergusonit (stranica ne postoji)">fergusonitu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley497-42">[37]</a></li></ul> Jedna metoda dobivanja čistog itrija iz miješanih ruda oksida je otopiti oksid u <a href="/wiki/Sumporna_kiselina" title="Sumporna kiselina">sumpornoj kiselini</a> i razdijeliti ga po <a href="/wiki/Hromatografija" title="Hromatografija">hromatografiji</a> <a href="/wiki/Ionska_izmjena" title="Ionska izmjena">ionske izmjene</a>. Sa dodatkom <a href="/wiki/Oksalna_kiselina" title="Oksalna kiselina">oksalne kiseline</a>, itrijev oksalat se taloži. Oksalat se pretvara u oksid zagrijavanjem pod kisikom. Reakcijom dobivenog itrijevog oksida sa <a href="/wiki/Fluorovodonik" title="Fluorovodonik">fluorovodonikom</a>, dobiva se itrijum(III) fluorid.<a href="#cite_note-Holleman-50">[45]</a> Godišnja svjetska proizvodnja itrijeva oksida dosegnula je 600 tona do 2001., a zalihe se procjenjuju na 9 milijuna tona.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley497-42">[37]</a> Samo par tona itrijeva metala se proizvode svake godine smanjivanjem <a href="/wiki/Itrijum(III)_fluorid" title="Itrijum(III) fluorid">itrijuma(III) fluorida</a> do metalne spužve sa legurom <a href="/wiki/Kalcij" title="Kalcij">kalcija</a> <a href="/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij">magnezija</a>. Temperatura u peći iznad 1.600 °C je dovoljna da potom otopi itrij.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley497-42">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Holleman-50">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primjene">Primjene</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odjeljak Primjene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Primjene">uredi kod</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Potrošači">Potrošači</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odjeljak Potrošači" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Potrošači">uredi kod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Aperture_Grille.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Aperture_Grille.jpg/220px-Aperture_Grille.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Aperture_Grille.jpg/330px-Aperture_Grille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Aperture_Grille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption>Itrij je jedan od elemenata koji se koriste za izradu crvene boje u <a href="/wiki/CRT_monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="CRT monitor">CRT televizora</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum(III)_oksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrijum(III) oksid (stranica ne postoji)">Itrijum(III) oksid</a> (Y2O3) može poslužiti kao rešetka za <a href="/wiki/Dodavanje_primjesa_(poluvodi%C4%8D)" title="Dodavanje primjesa (poluvodič)">dodavanje primjesa</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Europijum" title="Europijum">Eu3+</a> <a href="/wiki/Kation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kation">kationima</a>, a može poslužiti i kao <a href="/wiki/Reagens" title="Reagens">reagens</a> da bi se dobila primjesa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum_ortovanadat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrijum ortovanadat (stranica ne postoji)">itrijum ortovanadat</a> YVO4:Eu3+ itrijum oksid sulfid Y2O2S:Eu3+ Svjetleći materijali koji daju crvenu boju lampama <a href="/wiki/Televizija_u_boji" title="Televizija u boji">televizorima u boji</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cotton-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[note 6]</a> iako se sama crvena boja zapravo emitira iz europijuma dok itrij skuplja energiju <a href="/wiki/Elektronski_top" title="Elektronski top">elektronskog topa</a> te ga predaje svjetlećem materijalu.<a href="#cite_note-ECE818-52">[46]</a> Spojevi itrija mogu poslužiti i kao nositelj rešetke za dodavanje primjesa sa različitim kationima <a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">lantandoia</a>. Izuzev Eu3+, i <a href="/wiki/Terbijum" title="Terbijum">Tb3+</a> se može koristiti kao agens za dodavanje primjesa koji dovode do zelene <a href="/wiki/Luminiscencija" title="Luminiscencija">luminiscencije</a>. Itrij se koristi i kao aditiv <a href="/wiki/Sinteriranje" title="Sinteriranje">sinteriranju</a> prilikom proizvodnje poroznog <a href="/wiki/Silicijum_nitrid" title="Silicijum nitrid">silicijuma nitrida</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[47]</a> i kao učestali početni materijal za <a href="/wiki/Znanost_o_materijalima" class="mw-redirect" title="Znanost o materijalima">znanost o materijalima</a> kao i za proizvodnju ostalih spojeva itrija. Spojevi itrija se koriste i kao katalizatori <a href="/wiki/Polimerizacija" title="Polimerizacija">polimerizacije</a> <a href="/wiki/Eten" title="Eten">etena</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-3">[3]</a> Kao metal, koristi se na elektrodama nekih <a href="/wiki/Svje%C4%87ica" title="Svjećica">svjećica</a> za visoku učinkovitost.<a href="#cite_note-54">[48]</a> itrij se također koristi i za proizvodnju <a href="/wiki/Auerova_mre%C5%BEica" title="Auerova mrežica">Auerove mrežice</a> za svjetiljke <a href="/wiki/Propan" title="Propan">propana</a> kao zamjenu za <a href="/wiki/Torijum" title="Torijum">torijum</a>, koji je <a href="/wiki/Radioaktivnost" title="Radioaktivnost">radioaktivan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cirkonijum" title="Cirkonijum">Cirkonijum</a> koji je stabiliziran itrijom se koristi kao solidan elektrolit i kao senzor kisika kod automobilskog ispušnog sustava.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Granati">Granati</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odjeljak Granati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Granati">uredi kod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Yag-rod.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yag-rod.jpg/220px-Yag-rod.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yag-rod.jpg/330px-Yag-rod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Yag-rod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Nd:YAG laserska šipka promjera 0,5 cm</figcaption></figure> Itrij se koristi za proizvodnju <a href="/wiki/Granati" title="Granati">sintetičkih granata</a>,<a href="#cite_note-56">[50]</a> dok se itrija koristi za stvaranje itrijum željeznih granata (Y3Fe5O12 ili YIG), koji su vrlo učinkoviti <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_filtri" class="mw-redirect" title="Električni filtri">filteri</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikro-valovi" title="Mikro-valovi">mikro valova</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-3">[3]</a> Granati od itrija, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">željeza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluminij" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminij">aluminija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gadolinijum" title="Gadolinijum">gadolinijuma</a> (npr. Y3(Fe,Al)5O12 i Y3(Fe,Ga)5O12) imaju važna <a href="/wiki/Magnetizam" title="Magnetizam">magnetska</a> svojstva.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-3">[3]</a> YIG je isto tako vrlo učinkovit zvučni energetski predajnik i pretvornik.<a href="#cite_note-57">[51]</a> Itrij aluminijum granat (Y3Al5O12 ili YAG) ima <a href="/wiki/Mosova_skala" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosova skala">Mosovu skalu</a> od 8,5 te se koristi kao <a href="/wiki/Dragulj" title="Dragulj">dragulj</a> u draguljarnicama (umjetni dijamanti).<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-3">[3]</a> Kristali itrija alumijuma granata sa dodanom primjesom <a href="/wiki/Cerijum" title="Cerijum">cerijuma</a> (YAG:Ce) se koriste kao svjetleći materijali kako bi se tvorili bijelu <a href="/wiki/Svetle%C4%87a_dioda" title="Svetleća dioda">svjetleću diodu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[54]</a> YAG, itrija, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum_litijum_fluorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itrijum litijum fluorid (stranica ne postoji)">itrijum litijum fluorid</a> (LiYF4) i itrijum ortovanadat (YVO4) se koriste u kombinaciji sa primjesama kao što su <a href="/wiki/Neodijum" title="Neodijum">neodijum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erbijum" title="Erbijum">erbijum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iterbijum" title="Iterbijum">iterbijum</a> i blizu <a href="/wiki/Infracrveno_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Infracrveno zračenje">infracrvenim</a> <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laserima</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cw-61">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nd:YAG_laser" title="Nd:YAG laser">Nd:YAG laseri</a> imaju sposobnost djelovati prilikom jake snage te se koriste za bušenje i rezanje metala.<a href="#cite_note-Stwertka116-48">[43]</a> Pojedini kristali YAG-a sa primjesama se obično proizvode <a href="/w/index.php?title=Czochralskijeva_metoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Czochralskijeva metoda (stranica ne postoji)">Czochralskijevom metodom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pojačavač_materijala">Pojačavač materijala</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odjeljak Pojačavač materijala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pojačavač materijala">uredi kod</a>]</div> Manje količine itrija (0,1 do 0,2%) su se koristile kako bi smanjile veličina zrna <a href="/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom">hroma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden">molibdena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titanijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Titanijum">titanijuma</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cirkonijum" title="Cirkonijum">cirkonijuma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[58]</a> Također se koristio za povećanje <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cvrsto%C4%87a_materijala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čvrstoća materijala (stranica ne postoji)">čvrstoće</a> legura aluminija i <a href="/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij">magnezija</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-3">[3]</a> Dodatak itrija legurama uglavnom povećava njegovovu obradivost, pojačava otpornost rekristalizacije visokih temperatura te značajno pojačava otpornost <a href="/wiki/Oksido-redukcija" title="Oksido-redukcija">oksido-redukcije</a> na visokim temperaturama.<a href="#cite_note-ECE818-52">[46]</a> Itrij se koristi i kao deoksidator <a href="/wiki/Vanadijum" title="Vanadijum">vanadijuma</a> i drugih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neobojani_metali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neobojani metali (stranica ne postoji)">neobojanih metala</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-3">[3]</a> Itrija se koristi radi stabilizacije kubnog oblika cirkonija radi upotrebe u draguljarnicama.<a href="#cite_note-65">[59]</a> Itrij je proučavan i za moguću upotrebu u stvaranju <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDilavi_lijev" title="Žilavi lijev">žilavog lijeva</a>, koji ima pojačanu <a href="/wiki/Duktilnost" title="Duktilnost">duktilnost</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a> tvori kompaktne čvoriće umjesto pahuljica kako bi stvorio žilavi lijev).<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-3">[3]</a> Itrijum oksid se može koristiti i prilikom <a href="/wiki/Keramika" class="mw-disambig" title="Keramika">kermaičnih</a> i <a href="/wiki/Staklo" title="Staklo">staklenih</a> formula, jer ima visoko <a href="/wiki/Tali%C5%A1te" title="Talište">talište</a> i pruža otpor udaru i daje niska svojstva <a href="/wiki/Termi%C4%8Dka_dilatacija" title="Termička dilatacija">termičke dilatacije</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2008-3">[3]</a> Stoga se koristi u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Objektiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Objektiv (stranica ne postoji)">objektivima</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley497-42">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicina">Medicina</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odjeljak Medicina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Medicina">uredi kod</a>]</div> Radiokativni izotop itrij-90 se koristi za lijekove, kao što su <a href="/wiki/Edotreotid" title="Edotreotid">edotreotid</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ibritumomab" title="Ibritumomab">ibritumomab</a> radi tretmana <a href="/wiki/Rak" class="mw-disambig" title="Rak">raka</a>, uključujući <a href="/wiki/Limfom" title="Limfom">limfoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leukemija" title="Leukemija">leukemije</a>, te raka jajnika, crijeva, gušterače i kostiju.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley495-44">[39]</a> Funkcionira tako da se veže za <a href="/wiki/Monoklonalno_antitelo" title="Monoklonalno antitelo">monoklonalna antitijela</a>, koja se pak zauzvrat vežu za stanice raka te ih ubijaju putem intenzivnog <a href="/wiki/Beta-%C4%8Destica" title="Beta-čestica">β-zračenja</a> od itrija-90.<a href="#cite_note-66">[60]</a> Igle napravljene od itrija-90, koje mogu rezati preciznije od skalpela, su se koristile za rezanje živaca koji prenose bol u <a href="/wiki/Ki%C4%8Dmena_mo%C5%BEdina" title="Kičmena moždina">kičmenoj moždini</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Emsley496-28">[26]</a> a itrij-90 se također koristi za radionuklidnu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinovektomija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinovektomija (stranica ne postoji)">sinovektomiju</a> prilikom liječenja upaljenih zglobova, osobito koljena, kod osoba koje pate od <a href="/wiki/Reumatoidni_artritis" title="Reumatoidni artritis">reumatoidnog artritisa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[61]</a> Laser granata itrijuma-aluminija sa primjesama neodimijuma se koristio u eksperimentalnoj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostatektomija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostatektomija (stranica ne postoji)">prostatektomiji</a> u pasa u pokušaju da se smanji kolateralna šteta živaca i tkiva,<a href="#cite_note-68">[62]</a> dok se oni sa primjesama erbijuma počinju koristiti u kozmetici.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supravodiči">Supravodiči</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odjeljak Supravodiči" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Supravodiči">uredi kod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:YBCO-modified.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dark grey pills on a watchglass. One cubic piece of the same material on top of the pills." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/YBCO-modified.jpg/220px-YBCO-modified.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/YBCO-modified.jpg/330px-YBCO-modified.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/YBCO-modified.jpg/440px-YBCO-modified.jpg 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>YBCO supravodič</figcaption></figure> Itrij se koristi kod <a href="/wiki/Supraprovodnost" title="Supraprovodnost">supravodiča</a> od itrijum barijum bakar oksida (YBa2Cu3O7, znanom kao 'YBCO' ili '1-2-3') koji su razvila sveučilišta Alabame i Houston 1987.<a href="#cite_note-Wu-39">[35]</a> Ovaj supravodič radi na 93 K, što je značajno jer je iznad točke vrenja <a href="/wiki/Teku%C4%87i_du%C5%A1ik" title="Tekući dušik">tekućeg dušika</a> (77,1 K).<a href="#cite_note-Wu-39">[35]</a> Pošto je cijena tekućeg dušika niža od <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teku%C4%87i_helij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekući helij (stranica ne postoji)">tekućeg helija</a>, koji se primjenjuje na metalne supravodiče, troškovi operiranja bi se smanjili. Sam supraprovodni materijal se često piše kao YBa2Cu3O7–d, gdje d mora biti manje od 0,7 kako bi materijal bio supraprovodan. Teorija o supraprovodnosti pri niskim temperaturama se dobro razumije od kada je <a href="/w/index.php?title=BCS_teorija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BCS teorija (stranica ne postoji)">BCS teorija</a> predstavljena 1957. Temelji se na naročitosti međudjelovanja dvaju elektrona u kristalnoj rešetci. Ipak, BCS teorija ne objašnjava supraprovodnost pri visokim temperaturama, a njen točan mehanizam i dalje nepoznanica u modernom svijetu. Ono što se zna je da spoj materijala <a href="/wiki/Bakar(I)_oksid" title="Bakar(I) oksid">bakra oksida</a> mora biti precizno kontroliran da bi se supraprovodnost dogodila.<a href="#cite_note-69">[63]</a> Dobiveni materijal bio je crno-zelen, višekristalni mineral. Istraživači proučavaju skupinu materijala poznatih kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perovskit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perovskit (stranica ne postoji)">perovskiti</a> koji su alternativne mješavine ovih elemenata, u nadi da će s vremenom razviti praktični supravodič na visoku temperaturu.<a href="#cite_note-Stwertka116-48">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mjere_opreza">Mjere opreza</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odjeljak Mjere opreza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=16" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mjere opreza">uredi kod</a>]</div> Spojevi itrija topljivi u vodi se smatraju blago <a href="/wiki/Otrov" title="Otrov">otrovnima</a>, dok njegovi spojevi netopljivi u vodi nisu otrovni.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley495-44">[39]</a> U pokusima sa životinjama, itrij i njegovi spojevi su uzrokovali oštećenja pluća i jetre, iako razina toksičnosti varira ovisno o svakom itrijevom spoju. Kod štakora, udisanje itrijevog citrata uzrokovao je <a href="/wiki/Edem_plu%C4%87a" title="Edem pluća">edem pluća</a> i <a href="/wiki/Dispneja" title="Dispneja">dispneju</a>, dok je udisanje <a href="/wiki/Itrijum(III)_hlorid" title="Itrijum(III) hlorid">itrijum hlorida</a> uzrokovao edem jetra, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleuralni_izliv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pleuralni izliv (stranica ne postoji)">pleuralni izljev</a> i plućnu hipermiju.<a href="#cite_note-osha-5">[5]</a> Izlaganje spojevima itrija izaziva plućne bolesti kod ljudi.<a href="#cite_note-osha-5">[5]</a> Radnici koji su bili izloženi zračnom prašinom itrijeva spoja europium vanadate doživjeli su blagu iritaciju oka, kože i gorenjeg respiratornog sustava — iako je možda krivac takvoj reakciji možda i <a href="/wiki/Vanadij" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanadij">vanadij</a> a ne itrij.<a href="#cite_note-osha-5">[5]</a> Kronično izlaganje spojevima itrija mogu uzrokovati manjak daha, kašljanje, bol u prsima i <a href="/wiki/Cijanoza" title="Cijanoza">cijanozu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-osha-5">[5]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalni_institut_za_radnu_sigurnost_i_zdravlje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nacionalni institut za radnu sigurnost i zdravlje (stranica ne postoji)">Nacionalni institut za radnu sigurnost i zdravlje</a> (NIOSH) preporuča dozvoljeno izlaganje od 1 mg/m3 te kritičnu opasnost po život od 500 mg/m3.<a href="#cite_note-70">[64]</a> Itrijeva prašina je također zapaljiva.<a href="#cite_note-osha-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bilješke">Bilješke</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi odjeljak Bilješke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=17" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bilješke">uredi kod</a>]</div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> U biti, <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> postaje <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> dok se emitiraju jedan <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> i <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">antineutrino</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> Vidi: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Carobni_broj_(fizika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čarobni broj (fizika) (stranica ne postoji)">čarobni broj</a>. Smatra se da ova stabilnost nastaje zbog jako niskog <a href="/wiki/Nuklearni_udarni_presjek" title="Nuklearni udarni presjek">nuklearnog udarnog presjeka</a>. (<a href="#CITEREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood 1997</a>, str. 12–13). Elektornska emisija izotopa sa takvim masovnim brojevima je jednostavno manje učestals zbog njegove stabilnosti, što završava da su oni obilniji. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> Naziv Ytterbite dobiven je spajanjem naziva sela kraj kojeg je otkriven kamen i nastavka -ite kako bi se naznačilo da se radi o mineralu. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <a href="#Stwertka1998">Stwertka 1998</a>, str. 115 navodi da se identifikacija odigrala 1789. ali ne navodi kada je objavljena. <a href="#Krogt">Van der Krogt 2005.</a> citira izvornu publikaciju, te navodi i godinu <a href="#Gadolin1794">1794., prema Gadolinu</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kriti%C4%8Dna_to%C4%8Dka_(termodinamika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritična točka (termodinamika) (stranica ne postoji)">Tc</a> za YBCO je 93 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> dok je točka vrenja dušika 77 K. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <a href="#Emsley2001">Emsley 2001</a>, str. 497 navodi da se "Itrijum oksisulfid, dodan sa primjesom europijuma (III), koristi za stnadardnu crvenu boju u televizorima u boji". </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Uredi odjeljak Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=18" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Reference">uredi kod</a>]</div> <div style="height: 555px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px;text-align: left; border: 1px solid #000000;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556849">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IUPAC-1">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_1-0">1,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_1-1">1,1</a> IUPAC contributors (2005). Edited by N G Connelly and T Damhus (with R M Hartshorn and A T Hutton). ur (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/publications/books/rbook/Red_Book_2005.pdf">Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations 2005</a>. RSC Publishing. str. 51. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-85404-438-8" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-85404-438-8">0-85404-438-8</a>. Pristupljeno 2007-12-17.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomenclature+of+Inorganic+Chemistry%3A+IUPAC+Recommendations+2005&rft.aulast=IUPAC+contributors&rft.au=IUPAC+contributors&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B51&rft.pub=RSC+Publishing&rft.isbn=0-85404-438-8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fbooks%2Frbook%2FRed_Book_2005.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Krogt-2">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Krogt_2-0">2,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krogt_2-1">2,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krogt_2-2">2,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krogt_2-3">2,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krogt_2-4">2,4</a> <a href="#Krogt">Van der Krogt 2005.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC2008-3">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_3-0">3,00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_3-1">3,01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_3-2">3,02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_3-3">3,03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_3-4">3,04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_3-5">3,05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_3-6">3,06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_3-7">3,07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_3-8">3,08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_3-9">3,09</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_3-10">3,10</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_3-11">3,11</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_3-12">3,12</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC2008_3-13">3,13</a> CRC contributors (2007–2008). „Yttrium”. u: Lide, David R.. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 4. New York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=CRC_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CRC Press (stranica ne postoji)">CRC Press</a>. str. 41. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-8493-0488-0" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-8493-0488-0">978-0-8493-0488-0</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Yttrium&rft.atitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.aulast=CRC+contributors&rft.au=CRC+contributors&rft.date=2007%E2%80%932008&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B41&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=%5B%5BCRC+Press%5D%5D&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-0488-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Cotton-4">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_4-0">4,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_4-1">4,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_4-2">4,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_4-3">4,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_4-4">4,4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_4-5">4,5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_4-6">4,6</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_4-7">4,7</a> Cotton, Simon A. (2006-03-15). Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry; Scandium, Yttrium & the Lanthanides: Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F0470862106.ia211">10.1002/0470862106.ia211</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-470-86078-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-470-86078-2">0-470-86078-2</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Inorganic+Chemistry%3B+Scandium%2C+Yttrium+%26+the+Lanthanides%3A+Inorganic+%26+Coordination+Chemistry&rft.aulast=Cotton&rft.aufirst=Simon+A.&rft.au=Cotton%2C%26%2332%3BSimon+A.&rft.date=2006-03-15&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F0470862106.ia211&rft.isbn=0-470-86078-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-osha-5">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-osha_5-0">5,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osha_5-1">5,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osha_5-2">5,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osha_5-3">5,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osha_5-4">5,4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osha_5-5">5,5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osha_5-6">5,6</a> OSHA contributors (2007-01-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130302060936/http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/yttriumandcompounds/recognition.html">„Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Yttrium and Compounds”</a>. United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/yttriumandcompounds/recognition.html">originala</a> na datum 2013-03-02. Pristupljeno 2008-08-03.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Occupational+Safety+and+Health+Guideline+for+Yttrium+and+Compounds&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=OSHA+contributors&rft.au=OSHA+contributors&rft.date=2007-01-11&rft.pub=United+States+Occupational+Safety+and+Health+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130302060936%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.osha.gov%2FSLTC%2Fhealthguidelines%2Fyttriumandcompounds%2Frecognition.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  (public domain text) </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p946-6">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p946_6-0">6,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p946_6-1">6,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood 1997</a>, str. 946 </li> <li id="cite_note-Hammond-7">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Hammond_7-0">7,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hammond_7-1">7,1</a> Hammond, C. R.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080626181434/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elements.pdf">„Yttrium”</a> (pdf). The Elements. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. str. 4–33. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-04-910081-5" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-04-910081-5">0-04-910081-5</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elements.pdf">originala</a> na datum 2008-06-26. Pristupljeno 2008-08-26.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Yttrium&rft.atitle=The+Elements&rft.aulast=Hammond%2C+C.+R.&rft.au=Hammond%2C+C.+R.&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B4%E2%80%9333&rft.pub=Fermi+National+Accelerator+Laboratory&rft.isbn=0-04-910081-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080626181434%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww-d0.fnal.gov%2Fhardware%2Fcal%2Flvps_info%2Fengineering%2Felements.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ECE817-8">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_8-0">8,00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_8-1">8,01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_8-2">8,02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_8-3">8,03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_8-4">8,04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_8-5">8,05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_8-6">8,06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_8-7">8,07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_8-8">8,08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE817_8-9">8,09</a> <a href="#Daane1968">Daane 1968</a>, str. 817 </li> <li id="cite_note-Emsley498-9">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley498_9-0">9,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley498_9-1">9,1</a> <a href="#Emsley2001">Emsley 2001</a>, str. 498 </li> <li id="cite_note-ECE810-10"><a href="#cite_ref-ECE810_10-0">↑</a> <a href="#Daane1968">Daane 1968</a>, str. 810 </li> <li id="cite_note-ECE815-11"><a href="#cite_ref-ECE815_11-0">↑</a> <a href="#Daane1968">Daane 1968</a>, str. 815 </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p945-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p945_12-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood 1997</a>, str. 945 </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p1234-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p1234_13-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood 1997</a>, str. 1234 </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p948-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p948_14-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood 1997</a>, str. 948 </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p947-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p947_15-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood 1997</a>, str. 947 </li> <li id="cite_note-Cloke1993-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Cloke1993_16-0">↑</a> Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_chemical-society-great-britain-chemical-society-reviews_1993-02_22_1/page/17">„Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides”</a>. Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1039%2FCS9932200017">10.1039/CS9932200017</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0306-0012">0306-0012</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zero+Oxidation+State+Compounds+of+Scandium%2C+Yttrium%2C+and+the+Lanthanides&rft.jtitle=Chem.+Soc.+Rev.&rft.aulast=Cloke&rft.aufirst=F.+Geoffrey+N.&rft.au=Cloke%2C%26%2332%3BF.+Geoffrey+N.&rft.date=1993&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=17%E2%80%9324&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2FCS9932200017&rft.issn=0306-0012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_chemical-society-great-britain-chemical-society-reviews_1993-02_22_1%2Fpage%2F17&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Schumann-17">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Schumann_17-0">17,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schumann_17-1">17,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schumann_17-2">17,2</a> Schumann, Herbert; Fedushkin, Igor L. (2006). „Scandium, Yttrium & The Lanthanides: Organometallic Chemistry”. Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F0470862106.ia212">10.1002/0470862106.ia212</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-470-86078-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-470-86078-2">0-470-86078-2</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Scandium%2C+Yttrium+%26+The+Lanthanides%3A+Organometallic+Chemistry&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.aulast=Schumann&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft.au=Schumann%2C%26%2332%3BHerbert&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F0470862106.ia212&rft.isbn=0-470-86078-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Mikheev1992-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Mikheev1992_18-0">↑</a> Nikolai B., Mikheev; Auerman, L N; Rumer, Igor A; Kamenskaya, Alla N; Kazakevich, M Z (1992). „The anomalous stabilisation of the oxidation state 2+ of lanthanides and actinides”. Russian Chemical Reviews 61 (10): 990–998. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992RuCRv..61..990M">1992RuCRv..61..990M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1070%2FRC1992v061n10ABEH001011">10.1070/RC1992v061n10ABEH001011</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+anomalous+stabilisation+of+the+oxidation+state+2%2B+of+lanthanides+and+actinides&rft.jtitle=Russian+Chemical+Reviews&rft.aulast=Nikolai+B.&rft.aufirst=Mikheev&rft.au=Nikolai+B.%2C%26%2332%3BMikheev&rft.au=Auerman%2C%26%2332%3BL+N&rft.au=Rumer%2C%26%2332%3BIgor+A&rft.au=Kamenskaya%2C%26%2332%3BAlla+N&rft.au=Kazakevich%2C%26%2332%3BM+Z&rft.date=1992&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=990%E2%80%93998&rft_id=info:bibcode/1992RuCRv..61..990M&rft_id=info:doi/10.1070%2FRC1992v061n10ABEH001011&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Kang2005-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Kang2005_19-0">↑</a> Kang, Weekyung; E. R. Bernstein (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722141106/http://newjournal.kcsnet.or.kr/main/j_search/j_download.htm?code=B050237">„Formation of Yttrium Oxide Clusters Using Pulsed Laser Vaporization”</a>. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 26 (2): 345–348. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5012%2Fbkcs.2005.26.2.345">10.5012/bkcs.2005.26.2.345</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newjournal.kcsnet.or.kr/main/j_search/j_download.htm?code=B050237">originala</a> na datum 2011-07-22. Pristupljeno 2014-04-21.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Formation+of+Yttrium+Oxide+Clusters+Using+Pulsed+Laser+Vaporization&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Korean+Chem.+Soc.&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=Weekyung&rft.au=Kang%2C%26%2332%3BWeekyung&rft.date=2005&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=345%E2%80%93348&rft_id=info:doi/10.5012%2Fbkcs.2005.26.2.345&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110722141106%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fnewjournal.kcsnet.or.kr%2Fmain%2Fj_search%2Fj_download.htm%3Fcode%3DB050237&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> Turner, Jr., Francis M.; Berolzheimer, Daniel D.; Cutter, William P.; Helfrich, John (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=y8y0XE0nsYEC&pg=PA492&dq=%22Yttrium+chloride%22">The Condensed Chemical Dictionary</a>. New York: Chemical Catalog Company. str. 492. Pristupljeno 2008-08-12.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Condensed+Chemical+Dictionary&rft.aulast=Turner%2C+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Francis+M.&rft.au=Turner%2C+Jr.%2C%26%2332%3BFrancis+M.&rft.date=1920&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B492&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Chemical+Catalog+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dy8y0XE0nsYEC%26pg%3DPA492%26dq%3D%2522Yttrium%2Bchloride%2522&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> Spencer, James F. (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=W2zxN_FLQm8C&pg=PA135&dq=%22Yttrium+chloride%22">The Metals of the Rare Earths</a>. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co. str. 135. Pristupljeno 2008-08-12.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Metals+of+the+Rare+Earths&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft.au=Spencer%2C%26%2332%3BJames+F.&rft.date=1919&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B135&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green%2C+and+Co&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DW2zxN_FLQm8C%26pg%3DPA135%26dq%3D%2522Yttrium%2Bchloride%2522&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Pack-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Pack_22-0">↑</a> Pack, Andreas; Sara S. Russell, J. Michael G. Shelley and Mark van Zuilen (2007). „Geo- and cosmochemistry of the twin elements yttrium and holmium”. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71 (18): 4592–4608. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007GeCoA..71.4592P">2007GeCoA..71.4592P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gca.2007.07.010">10.1016/j.gca.2007.07.010</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Geo-+and+cosmochemistry+of+the+twin+elements+yttrium+and+holmium&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.aulast=Pack&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft.au=Pack%2C%26%2332%3BAndreas&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=4592%E2%80%934608&rft_id=info:bibcode/2007GeCoA..71.4592P&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.gca.2007.07.010&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p12-13-23">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p12-13_23-0">23,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p12-13_23-1">23,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p12-13_23-2">23,2</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood 1997</a>, str. 12–13 </li> <li id="cite_note-NNDC-24">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-NNDC_24-0">24,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDC_24-1">24,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDC_24-2">24,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDC_24-3">24,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDC_24-4">24,4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDC_24-5">24,5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDC_24-6">24,6</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDC_24-7">24,7</a> NNDC contributors (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721051025/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/">„Chart of Nuclides”</a>. u: Alejandro A. Sonzogni (Database Manager). Upton, New York: National Nuclear Data Center, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brookhaven_National_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory (stranica ne postoji)">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/">originala</a> na datum 2011-07-21. Pristupljeno 2008-09-13.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Chart+of+Nuclides&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=NNDC+contributors&rft.au=NNDC+contributors&rft.date=2008&rft.place=Upton%2C+New+York&rft.pub=National+Nuclear+Data+Center%2C+%5B%5BBrookhaven+National+Laboratory%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110721051025%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndc.bnl.gov%2Fchart%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-nubase-27">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-nubase_27-0">25,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nubase_27-1">25,1</a> Audi, Georges; Bersillon, O.; Blachot, J.; Wapstra, A.H. (2003). „The NUBASE Evaluation of Nuclear and Decay Properties”. Nuclear Physics A (Atomic Mass Data Center) 729: 3–128. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A">2003NuPhA.729....3A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+NUBASE+Evaluation+of+Nuclear+and+Decay+Properties&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+A&rft.aulast=Audi&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.au=Audi%2C%26%2332%3BGeorges&rft.au=Bersillon%2C%26%2332%3BO.&rft.au=Blachot%2C%26%2332%3BJ.&rft.au=Wapstra%2C%26%2332%3BA.H.&rft.date=2003&rft.volume=729&rft.pages=3%E2%80%93128&rft.pub=Atomic+Mass+Data+Center&rft_id=info:bibcode/2003NuPhA.729....3A&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Emsley496-28">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley496_28-0">26,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley496_28-1">26,1</a> <a href="#Emsley2001">Emsley 2001</a>, str. 496 </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <a href="#Gadolin1794">Gadolin 1794</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p944-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p944_32-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood 1997</a>, str. 944 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Gustaf_Mosander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Gustaf Mosander (stranica ne postoji)">Mosander, Carl Gustaf</a> (1843). „Ueber die das Cerium begleitenden neuen Metalle Lathanium und Didymium, so wie über die mit der Yttererde vorkommen-den neuen Metalle Erbium und Terbium” (German). Annalen der Physik und Chemie 60 (2): 297–315. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1843AnP...136..297M">1843AnP...136..297M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fandp.18431361008">10.1002/andp.18431361008</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ueber+die+das+Cerium+begleitenden+neuen+Metalle+Lathanium+und+Didymium%2C+so+wie+%C3%BCber+die+mit+der+Yttererde+vorkommen-den+neuen+Metalle+Erbium+und+Terbium&rft.jtitle=Annalen+der+Physik+und+Chemie&rft.aulast=Mosander%2C+Carl+Gustaf&rft.au=Mosander%2C+Carl+Gustaf&rft.date=1843&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=297%E2%80%93315&rft_id=info:bibcode/1843AnP...136..297M&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fandp.18431361008&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> Britannica contributors (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/654309/ytterbium-Yb">„Ytterbium”</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ytterbium&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=%27%27Britannica%27%27+contributors&rft.au=%27%27Britannica%27%27+contributors&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F654309%2Fytterbium-Yb&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Stwertka115-35">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Stwertka115_35-0">31,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stwertka115_35-1">31,1</a> <a href="#Stwertka1998">Stwertka 1998</a>, str. 115 </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> Heiserman, David L. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/exploringchemica01heis">„Element 39: Yttrium”</a>. Exploring Chemical Elements and their Compounds. New York: TAB Books. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/exploringchemica01heis/page/150">150</a>–152. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-8306-3018-X" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-8306-3018-X">0-8306-3018-X</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Element+39%3A+Yttrium&rft.atitle=Exploring+Chemical+Elements+and+their+Compounds&rft.aulast=Heiserman&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft.au=Heiserman%2C%26%2332%3BDavid+L.&rft.date=1992&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexploringchemica01heis%2Fpage%2F150+150%5D%E2%80%93152&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=TAB+Books&rft.isbn=0-8306-3018-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexploringchemica01heis&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler">Wöhler, Friedrich</a> (1828). „Ueber das Beryllium und Yttrium”. Annalen der Physik 89 (8): 577–582. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1828AnP....89..577W">1828AnP....89..577W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fandp.18280890805">10.1002/andp.18280890805</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ueber+das+Beryllium+und+Yttrium&rft.jtitle=Annalen+der+Physik&rft.aulast=W%C3%B6hler&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rft.au=W%C3%B6hler%2C%26%2332%3BFriedrich&rft.date=1828&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=577%E2%80%93582&rft_id=info:bibcode/1828AnP....89..577W&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fandp.18280890805&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> Coplen, Tyler B.; Peiser, H. S. (1998). „History of the Recommended Atomic-Weight Values from 1882 to 1997: A Comparison of Differences from Current Values to the Estimated Uncertainties of Earlier Values (Technical Report)”. Pure Appl. Chem. (IUPAC Inorganic Chemistry Division) 70 (1): 237–257. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac199870010237">10.1351/pac199870010237</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Recommended+Atomic-Weight+Values+from+1882+to+1997%3A+A+Comparison+of+Differences+from+Current+Values+to+the+Estimated+Uncertainties+of+Earlier+Values+%28Technical+Report%29&rft.jtitle=Pure+Appl.+Chem.&rft.aulast=Coplen&rft.aufirst=Tyler+B.&rft.au=Coplen%2C%26%2332%3BTyler+B.&rft.date=1998&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=237%E2%80%93257&rft.pub=IUPAC+Inorganic+Chemistry+Division&rft_id=info:doi/10.1351%2Fpac199870010237&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Wu-39">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Wu_39-0">35,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu_39-1">35,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu_39-2">35,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu_39-3">35,3</a> Wu, M. K. et al. (1987). „Superconductivity at 93 K in a New Mixed-Phase Y-Ba-Cu-O Compound System at Ambient Pressure”. Physical Review Letters 58 (9): 908–910. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987PhRvL..58..908W">1987PhRvL..58..908W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.58.908">10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.908</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10035069">10035069</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Superconductivity+at+93+K+in+a+New+Mixed-Phase+Y-Ba-Cu-O+Compound+System+at+Ambient+Pressure&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.aulast=Wu%2C+M.+K.+%27%27et+al.%27%27&rft.au=Wu%2C+M.+K.+%27%27et+al.%27%27&rft.date=1987&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=908%E2%80%93910&rft_id=info:bibcode/1987PhRvL..58..908W&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.58.908&rft_id=info:pmid/10035069&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> Lenntech contributors. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lenntech.com/periodic-chart-elements/y-en.htm">„yttrium”</a>. Lenntech. Pristupljeno 2008-08-26.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=yttrium&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Lenntech+contributors&rft.au=Lenntech+contributors&rft.pub=Lenntech&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lenntech.com%2Fperiodic-chart-elements%2Fy-en.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Emsley497-42">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley497_42-0">37,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley497_42-1">37,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley497_42-2">37,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley497_42-3">37,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley497_42-4">37,4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley497_42-5">37,5</a> <a href="#Emsley2001">Emsley 2001</a>, str. 497 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> MacDonald, N. S.; Nusbaum, R. E. and Alexander, G. V. (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326070124/http://www.jbc.org/cgi/reprint/195/2/837.pdf">„The Skeletal Deposition of Yttrium”</a> (PDF). Journal of Biological Chemistry 195 (2): 837–841. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14946195">14946195</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jbc.org/cgi/reprint/195/2/837.pdf">originala</a> na datum 2009-03-26. Pristupljeno 2014-04-21.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Skeletal+Deposition+of+Yttrium&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=N.+S.&rft.au=MacDonald%2C%26%2332%3BN.+S.&rft.date=1952&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=837%E2%80%93841&rft_id=info:pmid/14946195&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20090326070124%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.jbc.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F195%2F2%2F837.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Emsley495-44">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley495_44-0">39,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley495_44-1">39,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley495_44-2">39,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley495_44-3">39,3</a> <a href="#Emsley2001">Emsley 2001</a>, str. 495 </li> <li id="cite_note-Morteani-45">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Morteani_45-0">40,00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morteani_45-1">40,01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morteani_45-2">40,02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morteani_45-3">40,03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morteani_45-4">40,04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morteani_45-5">40,05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morteani_45-6">40,06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morteani_45-7">40,07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morteani_45-8">40,08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morteani_45-9">40,09</a> Morteani, Giulio (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eurjmin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/3/4/641">„The rare earths; their minerals, production and technical use”</a>. European Journal of Mineralogy 3 (4): 641–650.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+rare+earths%3B+their+minerals%2C+production+and+technical+use&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Mineralogy&rft.aulast=Morteani&rft.aufirst=Giulio&rft.au=Morteani%2C%26%2332%3BGiulio&rft.date=1991&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=641%E2%80%93650&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feurjmin.geoscienceworld.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F3%2F4%2F641&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Kanazawaa-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Kanazawaa_46-0">↑</a> Kanazawa, Yasuo; Kamitani, Masaharu (2006). „Rare earth minerals and resources in the world”. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 408–412: 1339–1343. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jallcom.2005.04.033">10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.04.033</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rare+earth+minerals+and+resources+in+the+world&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Alloys+and+Compounds&rft.aulast=Kanazawa&rft.aufirst=Yasuo&rft.au=Kanazawa%2C%26%2332%3BYasuo&rft.date=2006&rft.volume=408%E2%80%93412&rft.pages=1339%E2%80%931343&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jallcom.2005.04.033&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Naumov-47">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Naumov_47-0">42,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Naumov_47-1">42,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Naumov_47-2">42,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Naumov_47-3">42,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Naumov_47-4">42,4</a> Naumov, A. V. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190701165039/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11981-008-1004-6">„Review of the World Market of Rare-Earth Metals”</a>. Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals 49 (1): 14–22. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11981-008-1004-6">10.1007/s11981-008-1004-6</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/y8925j378w4u4175/">originala</a> na datum 2019-07-01. Pristupljeno 2014-04-21.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Review+of+the+World+Market+of+Rare-Earth+Metals&rft.jtitle=Russian+Journal+of+Non-Ferrous+Metals&rft.aulast=Naumov&rft.aufirst=A.+V.&rft.au=Naumov%2C%26%2332%3BA.+V.&rft.date=2008&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14%E2%80%9322&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11981-008-1004-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20190701165039%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%252Fs11981-008-1004-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Stwertka116-48">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Stwertka116_48-0">43,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stwertka116_48-1">43,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stwertka116_48-2">43,2</a> <a href="#Stwertka1998">Stwertka 1998</a>, str. 116 </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> Zheng, Zuoping; Lin Chuanxian (1996). „The behaviour of rare-earth elements (REE) during weathering of granites in southern Guangxi, China”. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 15 (4): 344–352. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02867008">10.1007/BF02867008</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+behaviour+of+rare-earth+elements+%28REE%29+during+weathering+of+granites+in+southern+Guangxi%2C+China&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Journal+of+Geochemistry&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=Zuoping&rft.au=Zheng%2C%26%2332%3BZuoping&rft.date=1996&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=344%E2%80%93352&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02867008&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Holleman-50">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Holleman_50-0">45,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holleman_50-1">45,1</a> Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon and Wiberg, Nils (1985). Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie (91–100 izd.). Walter de Gruyter. str. 1056–1057. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/3-11-007511-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/3-11-007511-3">3-11-007511-3</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lehrbuch+der+Anorganischen+Chemie&rft.aulast=Holleman&rft.aufirst=Arnold+F.&rft.au=Holleman%2C%26%2332%3BArnold+F.&rft.date=1985&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B1056%E2%80%931057&rft.edition=91%E2%80%93100&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.isbn=3-11-007511-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ECE818-52">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ECE818_52-0">46,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE818_52-1">46,1</a> <a href="#Daane1968">Daane 1968</a>, str. 818 </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFUS5935888"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US5935888">US patent 5935888</a>, "Porous silicon nitride with rodlike grains oriented", granted 1999-08-10 , assigned to Agency Ind Science Techn (JP) and Fine Ceramics Research Ass (JP),.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=5935888&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Porous+silicon+nitride+with+rodlike+grains+oriented&rft.assignee=Agency+Ind+Science+Techn+%28JP%29&rft.date=1999-08-10">  </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a> Carley, Larry (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080501064053/http://www.babcox.com/editorial/cm/cm120032.htm">„Spark Plugs: What's Next After Platinum?”</a>. Counterman (Babcox). Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.babcox.com/editorial/cm/cm120032.htm">originala</a> na datum 2008-05-01. Pristupljeno 2008-09-07.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Spark+Plugs%3A+What%27s+Next+After+Platinum%3F&rft.jtitle=Counterman&rft.aulast=Carley&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.au=Carley%2C%26%2332%3BLarry&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=Babcox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080501064053%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.babcox.com%2Feditorial%2Fcm%2Fcm120032.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFUS4533317"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US4533317">US patent 4533317</a>, "Yttrium oxide mantles for fuel-burning lanterns", granted 1985-08-06 , assigned to The Coleman Company, Inc.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=4533317&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Yttrium+oxide+mantles+for+fuel-burning+lanterns&rft.inventor=Addison%2C+Gilbert+J.&rft.assignee=The+Coleman+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1985-08-06">  </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> Jaffe, H.W. (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM36/AM36_133.pdf">„The role of yttrium and other minor elements in the garnet group”</a> (pdf). American Mineralogist: 133–155. Pristupljeno 2008-08-26.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+role+of+yttrium+and+other+minor+elements+in+the+garnet+group&rft.jtitle=American+Mineralogist&rft.aulast=Jaffe&rft.aufirst=H.W.&rft.au=Jaffe%2C%26%2332%3BH.W.&rft.date=1951&rft.pages=133%E2%80%93155&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minsocam.org%2Fammin%2FAM36%2FAM36_133.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> Vajargah, S. Hosseini; Madaahhosseini, H; Nemati, Z (2007). „Preparation and characterization of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) nanocrystalline powders by auto-combustion of nitrate-citrate gel”. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 430 (1–2): 339–343. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jallcom.2006.05.023">10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.05.023</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Preparation+and+characterization+of+yttrium+iron+garnet+%28YIG%29+nanocrystalline+powders+by+auto-combustion+of+nitrate-citrate+gel&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Alloys+and+Compounds&rft.aulast=Vajargah&rft.aufirst=S.+Hosseini&rft.au=Vajargah%2C%26%2332%3BS.+Hosseini&rft.au=Madaahhosseini%2C%26%2332%3BH&rft.au=Nemati%2C%26%2332%3BZ&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=430&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=339%E2%80%93343&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jallcom.2006.05.023&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFUS6409938"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US6409938">US patent 6409938</a>, "Aluminum fluoride flux synthesis method for producing cerium doped YAG", granted 2002-06-25 , assigned to General Electrics</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=6409938&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Aluminum+fluoride+flux+synthesis+method+for+producing+cerium+doped+YAG&rft.inventor=Comanzo+Holly+Ann&rft.assignee=General+Electrics&rft.date=2002-06-25">  </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> GIA contributors (1995). GIA Gem Reference Guide. Gemological Institute of America. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-87311-019-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-87311-019-6">0-87311-019-6</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=GIA+Gem+Reference+Guide&rft.aulast=GIA+contributors&rft.au=GIA+contributors&rft.date=1995&rft.pub=Gemological+Institute+of+America&rft.isbn=0-87311-019-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> Kiss, Z. J.; Pressley, R. J. (October 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1447042">„Crystalline solid lasers”</a>. Proceedings of the IEEE. 54. IEEE. pp. 1236–1248. issn: 0018-9219. Pristupljeno 2008-08-16.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Crystalline+solid+lasers&rft.atitle=Proceedings+of+the+IEEE&rft.aulast=Kiss&rft.aufirst=Z.+J.&rft.au=Kiss%2C%26%2332%3BZ.+J.&rft.date=October+1966&rft.volume=54&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B1236%E2%80%931248&rft.pub=IEEE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D1447042&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-cw-61"><a href="#cite_ref-cw_61-0">↑</a> Kong, J.; Tang, D. Y.; Zhao, B.; Lu, J.; Ueda, K.; Yagi, H. and Yanagitani, T. (2005). „9.2-W diode-pumped Yb:Y2O3 ceramic laser”. Applied Physics Letters 86 (16): 116. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ApPhL..86p1116K">2005ApPhL..86p1116K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1914958">10.1063/1.1914958</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=9.2-W+diode-pumped+Yb%3AY%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EO%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3E+ceramic+laser&rft.jtitle=Applied+Physics+Letters&rft.aulast=Kong&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Kong%2C%26%2332%3BJ.&rft.date=2005&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=116&rft_id=info:bibcode/2005ApPhL..86p1116K&rft_id=info:doi/10.1063%2F1.1914958&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> Tokurakawa, M.; Takaichi, K.; Shirakawa, A.; Ueda, K.; Yagi, H.; Yanagitani, T. and Kaminskii, A. A. (2007). „Diode-pumped 188 fs mode-locked Yb3+:Y2O3 ceramic laser”. Applied Physics Letters 90 (7): 071101. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApPhL..90g1101T">2007ApPhL..90g1101T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1063%2F1.2476385">10.1063/1.2476385</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Diode-pumped+188+fs+mode-locked+Yb%3Csup%3E3%2B%3C%2Fsup%3E%3AY%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EO%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3E+ceramic+laser&rft.jtitle=Applied+Physics+Letters&rft.aulast=Tokurakawa&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Tokurakawa%2C%26%2332%3BM.&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=071101&rft_id=info:bibcode/2007ApPhL..90g1101T&rft_id=info:doi/10.1063%2F1.2476385&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> Golubović, Aleksandar V.; Nikolić, Slobodanka N.; Gajić, Radoš; Đurić, Stevan; Valčić, Andreja (2002). „The growth of Nd: YAG single crystals”. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 67 (4): 91–300. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2298%2FJSC0204291G">10.2298/JSC0204291G</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+growth+of+Nd%3A+YAG+single+crystals&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Serbian+Chemical+Society&rft.aulast=Golubovi%C4%87%2C+Aleksandar+V.%3B+Nikoli%C4%87%2C+Slobodanka+N.%3B+Gaji%C4%87%2C+Rado%C5%A1%3B+%C4%90uri%C4%87%2C+Stevan%3B+Val%C4%8Di%C4%87%2C+Andreja&rft.au=Golubovi%C4%87%2C+Aleksandar+V.%3B+Nikoli%C4%87%2C+Slobodanka+N.%3B+Gaji%C4%87%2C+Rado%C5%A1%3B+%C4%90uri%C4%87%2C+Stevan%3B+Val%C4%8Di%C4%87%2C+Andreja&rft.date=2002&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=91%E2%80%93300&rft_id=info:doi/10.2298%2FJSC0204291G&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> PIDC contributors. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pidc.com/products_imaterials_oth.html">Rare Earth metals & compounds</a>. Pacific Industrial Development Corporation. Pristupljeno 2008-08-26.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rare+Earth+metals+%26+compounds&rft.aulast=PIDC+contributors&rft.au=PIDC+contributors&rft.pub=Pacific+Industrial+Development+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pidc.com%2Fproducts_imaterials_oth.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> Berg, Jessica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080924074309/http://www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/students/berg/cz.html">„Cubic Zirconia”</a>. Emporia State University. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/students/berg/cz.html">originala</a> na datum 2008-09-24. Pristupljeno 2008-08-26.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cubic+Zirconia&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.au=Berg%2C%26%2332%3BJessica&rft.pub=Emporia+State+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080924074309%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.emporia.edu%2Fearthsci%2Famber%2Fgo340%2Fstudents%2Fberg%2Fcz.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> Adams, Gregory P. et al. (2004). „A Single Treatment of Yttrium-90-labeled CHX-A–C6.5 Diabody Inhibits the Growth of Established Human Tumor Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice”. Cancer Research 64 (17): 6200–6206. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-03-2382">10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-2382</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15342405">15342405</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Single+Treatment+of+Yttrium-90-labeled+CHX-A%27%27%E2%80%93C6.5+Diabody+Inhibits+the+Growth+of+Established+Human+Tumor+Xenografts+in+Immunodeficient+Mice&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Research&rft.aulast=Adams%2C+Gregory+P.+%27%27et+al.%27%27&rft.au=Adams%2C+Gregory+P.+%27%27et+al.%27%27&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=6200%E2%80%936206&rft_id=info:doi/10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-03-2382&rft_id=info:pmid/15342405&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> Fischer, M.; Modder, G. (2002). „Radionuclide therapy of inflammatory joint diseases”. Nuclear Medicine Communications 23 (9): 829–831. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2F00006231-200209000-00003">10.1097/00006231-200209000-00003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12195084">12195084</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Radionuclide+therapy+of+inflammatory+joint+diseases&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Medicine+Communications&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Fischer%2C%26%2332%3BM.&rft.date=2002&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=829%E2%80%93831&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F00006231-200209000-00003&rft_id=info:pmid/12195084&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> Gianduzzo, Troy; Colombo Jr, Jose R.; Haber, Georges-Pascal; Hafron, Jason; Magi-Galluzzi, Cristina; Aron, Monish; Gill, Inderbir S.; Kaouk, Jihad H. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_bju-international_2008-09_102_5/page/598">„Laser robotically assisted nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy: a pilot study of technical feasibility in the canine model”</a>. BJU International (Cleveland: Glickman Urological Institute) 102 (5): 598–602. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1464-410X.2008.07708.x">10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.07708.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18694410">18694410</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Laser+robotically+assisted+nerve-sparing+radical+prostatectomy%3A+a+pilot+study+of+technical+feasibility+in+the+canine+model&rft.jtitle=BJU+International&rft.aulast=Gianduzzo&rft.aufirst=Troy&rft.au=Gianduzzo%2C%26%2332%3BTroy&rft.au=Colombo+Jr%2C%26%2332%3BJose+R.&rft.au=Haber%2C%26%2332%3BGeorges-Pascal&rft.au=Hafron%2C%26%2332%3BJason&rft.au=Magi-Galluzzi%2C%26%2332%3BCristina&rft.au=Aron%2C%26%2332%3BMonish&rft.au=Gill%2C%26%2332%3BInderbir+S.&rft.au=Kaouk%2C%26%2332%3BJihad+H.&rft.date=2008&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=598%E2%80%93602&rft.place=Cleveland&rft.pub=Glickman+Urological+Institute&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1464-410X.2008.07708.x&rft_id=info:pmid/18694410&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_bju-international_2008-09_102_5%2Fpage%2F598&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/rzepa/mim/century/html/ybco_text.htm">„Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide – YBCO”</a>. Imperial College. Pristupljeno 2009-12-20.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Yttrium+Barium+Copper+Oxide+%E2%80%93+YBCO&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Imperial+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ch.ic.ac.uk%2Frzepa%2Fmim%2Fcentury%2Fhtml%2Fybco_text.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> NIOSH contributors (September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0673.html">„Yttrium”</a>. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Nacionalni institut za radnu sigurnost i zdravlje. Pristupljeno 2008-08-03.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Yttrium&rft.atitle=NIOSH+Pocket+Guide+to+Chemical+Hazards&rft.aulast=NIOSH+contributors&rft.au=NIOSH+contributors&rft.date=September+2005&rft.pub=Nacionalni+institut+za+radnu+sigurnost+i+zdravlje&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fnpg%2Fnpgd0673.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum">  </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografija">Bibliografija</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Uredi odjeljak Bibliografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=19" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bibliografija">uredi kod</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41379810">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite id="Daane1968">Daane, A. H. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00hamp">„Yttrium”</a>. u: Hampel, Clifford A.. The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements. New York: Reinhold Book Corporation. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00hamp/page/810">810</a>–821. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/68-29938">68-29938</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Yttrium&rft.atitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Chemical+Elements&rft.aulast=Daane&rft.aufirst=A.+H.&rft.au=Daane%2C%26%2332%3BA.+H.&rft.date=1968&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofch00hamp%2Fpage%2F810+810%5D%E2%80%93821&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Reinhold+Book+Corporation&rft.lccn=68-29938&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofch00hamp&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum"> </cite></li> <li><cite id="Emsley2001"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Emsley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Emsley (stranica ne postoji)">Emsley, John</a> (2001). „Yttrium”. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. str. 495–498. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-19-850340-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-19-850340-7">0-19-850340-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Yttrium&rft.atitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks%3A+An+A-Z+Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Emsley%2C%26%2332%3BJohn&rft.date=2001&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B495%E2%80%93498&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-19-850340-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum"> </cite></li> <li><cite id="Gadolin1794"><a href="/wiki/Johan_Gadolin" title="Johan Gadolin">Gadolin, Johan</a> (1794). „Undersökning af en svart tung Stenart ifrån Ytterby Stenbrott i Roslagen”. Kongl. Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar 15: 137–155.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Unders%C3%B6kning+af+en+svart+tung+Stenart+ifr%C3%A5n+Ytterby+Stenbrott+i+Roslagen&rft.jtitle=Kongl.+Vetenskaps+Academiens+Nya+Handlingar&rft.aulast=Gadolin&rft.aufirst=Johan&rft.au=Gadolin%2C%26%2332%3BJohan&rft.date=1794&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=137%E2%80%93155&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum"> </cite></li> <li>Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd izd.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-7506-3365-4" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-7506-3365-4">0-7506-3365-4</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=N.+N.&rft.au=Greenwood%2C%26%2332%3BN.+N.&rft.date=1997&rft.edition=2nd&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.isbn=0-7506-3365-4&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum"> </li> <li><cite id="Stwertka1998">Stwertka, Albert (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe">„Yttrium”</a>. Guide to the Elements (Revised izd.). Oxford University Press. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe/page/115">115</a>–116. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-19-508083-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-19-508083-1">0-19-508083-1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Yttrium&rft.atitle=Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.aulast=Stwertka&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft.au=Stwertka%2C%26%2332%3BAlbert&rft.date=1998&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguidetoelements00stwe%2Fpage%2F115+115%5D%E2%80%93116&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-19-508083-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguidetoelements00stwe&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum"> </cite></li> <li><cite id="Krogt">van der Krogt, Peter (2005-05-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Y">„39 Yttrium”</a>. Elementymology & Elements Multidict. Pristupljeno 2008-08-06.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=39+Yttrium&rft.atitle=Elementymology+%26+Elements+Multidict&rft.aulast=van+der+Krogt&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=van+der+Krogt%2C%26%2332%3BPeter&rft.date=2005-05-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felements.vanderkrogt.net%2Felement.php%3Fsym%3DY&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum"> </cite></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daljnje_čitanje">Daljnje čitanje</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Uredi odjeljak Daljnje čitanje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=20" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Daljnje čitanje">uredi kod</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41379810"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFUS5734166"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US5734166">US patent 5734166</a>, "Low-energy neutron detector based upon lithium lanthanide borate scintillators", granted 1998-03-31 , assigned to Mission Support Inc</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=5734166&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Low-energy+neutron+detector+based+upon+lithium+lanthanide+borate+scintillators&rft.inventor=Czirr+John+B.&rft.assignee=Mission+Support+Inc&rft.date=1998-03-31"> </li> <li>EPA contributors (2008-07-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/rpdweb00/radionuclides/strontium.html#healtheffects">„Strontium: Health Effects of Strontium-90”</a>. US Environmental Protection Agency. Pristupljeno 2008-08-26.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Strontium%3A+Health+Effects+of+Strontium-90&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=EPA+contributors&rft.au=EPA+contributors&rft.date=2008-07-31&rft.pub=US+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Frpdweb00%2Fradionuclides%2Fstrontium.html%23healtheffects&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Itrijum"> </li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_veze">Vanjske veze</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Uredi odjeljak Vanjske veze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">uredi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&action=edit&section=21" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske veze">uredi kod</a>]</div> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="width: 300px"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yttrium" title="commons:Category:Yttrium"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yttrium" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Yttrium">Itrijum</a> na <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica_-_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica - Главна страница">Wikimedijinoj ostavi</a> </div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/039.htm">Itrij</a> na The Periodic Table of Videos (sveučilište Nottingham)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://proleksis.lzmk.hr/28399/">Itrij</a> na <a href="/wiki/Proleksis_enciklopedija" title="Proleksis enciklopedija">Proleksis enciklopediji</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&oldid=42132171">https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Itrijum&oldid=42132171</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Prelazni_metali" title="Kategorija:Prelazni metali">Prelazni metali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Itrijum" title="Kategorija:Itrijum">Itrijum</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Sakrivena kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Istaknuti_%C4%8Dlanci" title="Kategorija:Istaknuti članci">Istaknuti članci</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena 6. augusta 2024. u 11:26.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uslovi. 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