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limit</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: retry limit"> <meta name="keywords" content="retry limit"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="retry limit" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="retry limit"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1592</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: retry limit</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1592</span> Contention Window Adjustment in IEEE 802.11-based Industrial Wireless Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Maadani">Mohsen Maadani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Ahmad%20Motamedi"> Seyed Ahmad Motamedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of wireless technology in industrial networks has gained vast attraction in recent years. In this paper, we have thoroughly analyzed the effect of contention window (CW) size on the performance of IEEE 802.11-based industrial wireless networks (IWN), from delay and reliability perspective. Results show that the default values of CWmin, CWmax, and retry limit (RL) are far from the optimum performance due to the industrial application characteristics, including short packet and noisy environment. An adaptive CW algorithm (payload-dependent) has been proposed to minimize the average delay. Finally a simple, but effective CW and RL setting has been proposed for industrial applications which outperforms the minimum-average-delay solution from maximum delay and jitter perspective, at the cost of a little higher average delay. Simulation results show an improvement of up to 20%, 25%, and 30% in average delay, maximum delay and jitter respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20delay" title="average delay">average delay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contention%20window" title=" contention window"> contention window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20coordination%20function%20%28DCF%29" title=" distributed coordination function (DCF)"> distributed coordination function (DCF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jitter" title=" jitter"> jitter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20wireless%20network%20%28IWN%29" title=" industrial wireless network (IWN)"> industrial wireless network (IWN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20delay" title=" maximum delay"> maximum delay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retry%20limit" title=" retry limit"> retry limit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36488/contention-window-adjustment-in-ieee-80211-based-industrial-wireless-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1591</span> Classification of Sturm-Liouville Problems at Infinity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kishor%20J.%20shinde">Kishor J. shinde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We determine the values of k and p such that the Sturm-Liouville differential operator τu=-(d^2 u)/(dx^2) + kx^p u is in limit point case or limit circle case at infinity. In particular it is shown that τ is in the limit point case when (i) for p=2 and ∀k, (ii) for ∀p and k=0, (iii) for all p and k>0, (iv) for 0≤p≤2 and k<0, (v) for p<0 and k<0. τ is in the limit circle case when (i) for p>2 and k<0. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20point%20case" title="limit point case">limit point case</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20circle%20case" title=" limit circle case"> limit circle case</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sturm-Liouville" title=" Sturm-Liouville"> Sturm-Liouville</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infinity" title=" infinity"> infinity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8386/classification-of-sturm-liouville-problems-at-infinity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1590</span> Calibration of the Radical Installation Limit Error of the Accelerometer in the Gravity Gradient Instrument</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danni%20Cong">Danni Cong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meiping%20Wu"> Meiping Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaofeng%20He"> Xiaofeng He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junxiang%20Lian"> Junxiang Lian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliang%20Cao"> Juliang Cao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaokuncai"> Shaokuncai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Qin"> Hao Qin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gravity gradient instrument (GGI) is the core of the gravity gradiometer, so the structural error of the sensor has a great impact on the measurement results. In order not to affect the aimed measurement accuracy, limit error is required in the installation of the accelerometer. In this paper, based on the established measuring principle model, the radial installation limit error is calibrated, which is taken as an example to provide a method to calculate the other limit error of the installation under the premise of ensuring the accuracy of the measurement result. This method provides the idea for deriving the limit error of the geometry structure of the sensor, laying the foundation for the mechanical precision design and physical design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20gradient%20sensor" title="gravity gradient sensor">gravity gradient sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20installation%20limit%20error" title=" radial installation limit error"> radial installation limit error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerometer" title=" accelerometer"> accelerometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniaxial%20rotational%20modulation" title=" uniaxial rotational modulation"> uniaxial rotational modulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75475/calibration-of-the-radical-installation-limit-error-of-the-accelerometer-in-the-gravity-gradient-instrument" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1589</span> Slip Limit Prediction of High-Strength Bolt Joints Based on Local Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20He">Chang He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Tamura"> Hiroshi Tamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Katsuchi"> Hiroshi Katsuchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiaqi%20Wang"> Jiaqi Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the aim is to infer the slip limit (static friction limit) of contact interfaces in bolt friction joints by analyzing other bolt friction joints with the same contact surface but in a different shape. By using the Weibull distribution to deal with microelements on the contact surface statistically, the slip limit of a certain type of bolt joint was predicted from other types of bolt joint with the same contact surface. As a result, this research succeeded in predicting the slip limit of bolt joins with different numbers of contact surfaces and with different numbers of bolt rows. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bolt%20joints" title="bolt joints">bolt joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slip%20coefficient" title=" slip coefficient"> slip coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weibull%20distribution" title=" Weibull distribution"> Weibull distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153579/slip-limit-prediction-of-high-strength-bolt-joints-based-on-local-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1588</span> Limit-Cycles Method for the Navigation and Avoidance of Any Form of Obstacles for Mobile Robots in Cluttered Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Boufera">F. Boufera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Debbat"> F. Debbat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with an approach based on limit-cycles method for the problem of obstacle avoidance of mobile robots in unknown environments for any form of obstacles. The purpose of this approach is the improvement of limit-cycles method in order to obtain safe and ﬂexible navigation. The proposed algorithm has been successfully tested in diﬀerent conﬁguration on simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20robot" title="mobile robot">mobile robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=navigation" title=" navigation"> navigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avoidance%20of%20obstacles" title=" avoidance of obstacles"> avoidance of obstacles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit-cycles%20method" title=" limit-cycles method"> limit-cycles method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21940/limit-cycles-method-for-the-navigation-and-avoidance-of-any-form-of-obstacles-for-mobile-robots-in-cluttered-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1587</span> Limit State Evaluation of Bridge According to Peak Ground Acceleration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minho%20Kwon">Minho Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeonghee%20Lim"> Jeonghee Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeongseok%20Jeong"> Yeongseok Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jongyoon%20Moon"> Jongyoon Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donghoon%20Shin"> Donghoon Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiyoung%20Kim"> Kiyoung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the past, the criteria and procedures for the design of concrete structures were mainly based on the stresses allowed for structural components. However, although the frequency of earthquakes has increased and the risk has increased recently, it has been difficult to determine the safety factor for earthquakes in the safety assessment of structures based on allowable stresses. Recently, limit state design method has been introduced for reinforced concrete structures, and limit state-based approach has been recognized as a more effective technique for seismic design. Therefore, in this study, the limit state of the bridge, which is a structure requiring higher stability against earthquakes, was evaluated. The finite element program LS-DYNA and twenty ground motion were used for time history analysis. The fracture caused by tensile and compression of the pier were set to the limit state. In the concrete tensile fracture, the limit state arrival rate was 100% at peak ground acceleration 0.4g. In the concrete compression fracture, the limit state arrival rate was 100% at peak ground acceleration 0.2g. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allowable%20stress" title="allowable stress">allowable stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20state" title=" limit state"> limit state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20factor" title=" safety factor"> safety factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20ground%20acceleration" title=" peak ground acceleration"> peak ground acceleration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83050/limit-state-evaluation-of-bridge-according-to-peak-ground-acceleration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1586</span> Lambda-Levelwise Statistical Convergence of a Sequence of Fuzzy Numbers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Berna%20Benli">F. Berna Benli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96zg%C3%BCr%20Keskin"> Özgür Keskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lately, many mathematicians have been studied the statistical convergence of a sequence of fuzzy numbers. We know that Lambda-statistically convergence is a kind of convergence between ordinary convergence and statistical convergence. In this paper, we will introduce the new kind of convergence such as λ-levelwise statistical convergence. Then, we will define the concept of the λ-levelwise statistical cluster and limit points of a sequence of fuzzy numbers. Also, we will discuss the relations between the sets of λ-levelwise statistical cluster points and λ-levelwise statistical limit points of sequences of fuzzy numbers. This work has been extended in this paper, where some relations have been considered such that when lambda-statistical limit inferior and lambda-statistical limit superior for lambda-statistically convergent sequences of fuzzy numbers are equal. Furthermore, lambda-statistical boundedness condition for different sequences of fuzzy numbers has been studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20number" title="fuzzy number">fuzzy number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%BB-levelwise%20statistical%20cluster%20points" title=" λ-levelwise statistical cluster points"> λ-levelwise statistical cluster points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%BB-levelwise%20statistical%20convergence" title=" λ-levelwise statistical convergence"> λ-levelwise statistical convergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%BB-levelwise%20statistical%20limit%20points" title=" λ-levelwise statistical limit points"> λ-levelwise statistical limit points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%BB-statistical%20cluster%20points" title=" λ-statistical cluster points"> λ-statistical cluster points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%BB-statistical%20convergence" title=" λ-statistical convergence"> λ-statistical convergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%BB-statistical%20limit%20%20points" title=" λ-statistical limit points"> λ-statistical limit points</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20755/lambda-levelwise-statistical-convergence-of-a-sequence-of-fuzzy-numbers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">477</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1585</span> Minimum Ratio of Flexural Reinforcement for High Strength Concrete Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azad%20A.%20Mohammed">Azad A. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dunyazad%20K.%20Assi"> Dunyazad K. Assi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20S.%20Abdulrahman"> Alan S. Abdulrahman </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current ACI 318 Code provides two limits for minimum steel ratio for concrete beams. When concrete compressive strength be larger than 31 MPa the limit of √(fc')/4fy usually governs. In this paper shortcomings related to using this limit was fairly discussed and showed that the limit is based on 90% safety factor and was derived based on modulus of rupture equation suitable for concretes of compressive strength lower than 31 MPa. Accordingly, the limit is nor suitable and critical for concretes of higher compressive strength. An alternative equation was proposed for minimum steel ratio of rectangular beams and was found that the proposed limit is accurate for beams of wide range of concrete compressive strength. Shortcomings of the current ACI 318 Code equation and accuracy of the proposed equation were supported by test data obtained from testing six reinforced concrete beams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20beam" title="concrete beam">concrete beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20steel%20ratio" title=" minimum steel ratio"> minimum steel ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20of%20rupture" title=" modulus of rupture"> modulus of rupture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17902/minimum-ratio-of-flexural-reinforcement-for-high-strength-concrete-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">551</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1584</span> Analysis of a Damage-Control Target Displacement of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Pier for Seismic Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Ritzman%20Abdul%20Karim">Mohd Ritzman Abdul Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhaohui%20Huang"> Zhaohui Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A current focus in seismic engineering practice is the development of seismic design approach that focuses on the performance-based design. Performance-based design aims to design the structures to achieve specified performance based on the damage limit states. This damage limit is more restrictive limit than life safety and needs to be carefully estimated to avoid damage in piers due to failure in transverse reinforcement. In this paper, a different perspective of damage limit states has been explored by integrating two damage control material limit state, concrete and reinforcement by introduced parameters such as expected yield stress of transverse reinforcement where peak tension strain prior to bar buckling is introduced in a recent study. The different perspective of damage limit states with modified yield displacement and the modified plastic-hinge length is used in order to predict damage-control target displacement for reinforced concreate (RC) bridge pier. Three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model has been developed for estimating damage target displacement to validate proposed damage limit states. The result from 3D FE analysis was validated with experimental study found in the literature. The validated model then was applied to predict the damage target displacement for RC bridge pier and to validate the proposed study. The tensile strain on reinforcement and compression on concrete were used to determine the predicted damage target displacement and compared with the proposed study. The result shows that the proposed damage limit states were efficient in predicting damage-control target displacement consistent with FE simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage-control%20target%20displacement" title="damage-control target displacement">damage-control target displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20limit%20states" title=" damage limit states"> damage limit states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20bridge%20pier" title=" reinforced concrete bridge pier"> reinforced concrete bridge pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20displacement" title=" yield displacement"> yield displacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99016/analysis-of-a-damage-control-target-displacement-of-reinforced-concrete-bridge-pier-for-seismic-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1583</span> Reliability Based Optimal Design of Laterally Loaded Pile with Limited Residual Strain Energy Capacity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Movahedi%20Rad">M. Movahedi Rad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a general approach to the reliability based limit analysis of laterally loaded piles is presented. In engineering practice, the uncertainties play a very important role. The aim of this study is to evaluate the lateral load capacity of free head and fixed-head long pile when the plastic limit analysis is considered. In addition to the plastic limit analysis to control the plastic behaviour of the structure, uncertain bound on the complementary strain energy of the residual forces is also applied. This bound has a significant effect for the load parameter. The solution to reliability-based problems is obtained by a computer program which is governed by the reliability index calculation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title="reliability">reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laterally%20loaded%20pile" title=" laterally loaded pile"> laterally loaded pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20strain%20energy" title=" residual strain energy"> residual strain energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability" title=" probability"> probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20analysis" title=" limit analysis"> limit analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32265/reliability-based-optimal-design-of-laterally-loaded-pile-with-limited-residual-strain-energy-capacity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1582</span> Optimal Replacement Period for a One-Unit System with Double Repair Cost Limits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Tsai%20Lai">Min-Tsai Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taqwa%20Hariguna"> Taqwa Hariguna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a periodical replacement model for a system, considering the concept of single and cumulative repair cost limits simultaneously. The failures are divided into two types. Minor failure can be corrected by minimal repair and serious failure makes the system breakdown completely. When a minor failure occurs, if the repair cost is less than a single repair cost limit L1 and the accumulated repair cost is less than a cumulative repair cost limit L2, then minimal repair is executed, otherwise, the system is preventively replaced. The system is also replaced at time T or at serious failure. The optimal period T minimizing the long-run expected cost per unit time is verified to be finite and unique under some specific conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repair-cost%20limit" title="repair-cost limit">repair-cost limit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cumulative%20repair-cost%20limit" title=" cumulative repair-cost limit"> cumulative repair-cost limit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimal%20repair" title=" minimal repair"> minimal repair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodical%20replacement%20policy" title=" periodical replacement policy"> periodical replacement policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28802/optimal-replacement-period-for-a-one-unit-system-with-double-repair-cost-limits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1581</span> Analytical Development of a Failure Limit and Iso-Uplift Curves for Eccentrically Loaded Shallow Foundations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Abbas">N. Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Lagomarsino"> S. Lagomarsino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Cattari"> S. Cattari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Examining existing experimental results for shallow rigid foundations subjected to vertical centric load (N), accompanied or not with a bending moment (M), two main non-linear mechanisms governing the cyclic ‎response of the soil-foundation system can be distinguished: foundation uplift and soil yielding. A soil-foundation failure limit, is defined as a domain of resistance in the two dimensional (2D) load space (N, M) inside of which lie all the admissible combinations of loads; these latter correspond to a pure elastic, non-linear elastic or plastic behavior of the soil-foundation system, while the points lying on the failure limit correspond to a combination of loads leading to a failure of the soil-foundation system. In this study, the proposed resistance domain is constructed analytically based on mechanics. Original elastic limit, uplift initiation ‎limit and iso-uplift limits are constructed inside this domain. These limits give a prediction ‎of the mechanisms activated for each combination of loads applied to the ‎foundation. A comparison of the proposed failure limit with experimental tests existing in the literature shows interesting results. Also, the developed uplift initiation limit and iso-uplift curves are confronted with others already proposed in the literature and widely used due to the absence of other alternatives, and remarkable differences are noted, showing evident errors in the past proposals and relevant accuracy for those given in the present work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foundation%20uplift" title="foundation uplift">foundation uplift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iso-uplift%20curves" title=" iso-uplift curves"> iso-uplift curves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20domain" title=" resistance domain"> resistance domain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20yield" title=" soil yield"> soil yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22758/analytical-development-of-a-failure-limit-and-iso-uplift-curves-for-eccentrically-loaded-shallow-foundations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1580</span> A Predator-Prey System with Singularity at the Origin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20Beroual">Nabil Beroual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tewfik%20Sari"> Tewfik Sari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We consider the Gause-type predator-prey system in the case where the response function is not smooth at the origin. We discuss the conditions under which this system has exactly one stable limit cycle or has a positive stable equilibrium point, and we describe the basin of attraction of the stable limit cycle and the stable equilibrium point, respectively. Our results correct previous results of the existing literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predator-prey%20model" title="predator-prey model">predator-prey model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20function" title=" response function"> response function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singularity" title=" singularity"> singularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basin%20of%20attraction" title="basin of attraction">basin of attraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20cycle" title=" limit cycle"> limit cycle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149715/a-predator-prey-system-with-singularity-at-the-origin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1579</span> Prospective Mathematics Teachers' Content Knowledge on the Definition of Limit and Derivative</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reyhan%20Tekin%20Sitrava">Reyhan Tekin Sitrava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Teachers should have robust and comprehensive content knowledge for effective mathematics teaching. It was explained that content knowledge includes knowing the facts, truths, and concepts; explaining the reasons behind these facts, truths and concepts, and making relationship between the concepts and other disciplines. By virtue of its importance, it will be significant to explore teachers and prospective teachers’ content knowledge related to variety of topics in mathematics. From this point of view, the purpose of this study was to investigate prospective mathematics teachers’ content knowledge. Particularly, it was aimed to reveal the prospective teachers’ knowledge regarding the definition of limit and derivate. To achieve the purpose and to get in-depth understanding, a qualitative case study method was used. The data was collected from 34 prospective mathematics teachers through a questionnaire containing 2 questions. The first question required the prospective teachers to define the limit and the second one required to define the derivative. The data was analyzed using content analysis method. Based on the analysis of the data, although half of the prospective teachers (50%) could write the definition of the limit, nine prospective teachers (26.5%) could not define limit. However, eight prospective teachers’ definition was regarded as partially correct. On the other hand, twenty-seven prospective teachers (79.5%) could define derivative, but seven of them (20.5%) defined it partially. According to the findings, most of the prospective teachers have robust content knowledge on limit and derivative. This result is important because definitions have a virtual role in learning and teaching of mathematics. More specifically, definition is starting point to understand the meaning of a concept. From this point of view, prospective teachers should know the definitions of the concepts to be able to teach them correctly to the students. In addition, they should have knowledge about the relationship between limit and derivative so that they can explain these concepts conceptually. Otherwise, students may memorize the rules of calculating the derivative and the limit. In conclusion, the present study showed that most of the prospective mathematics teachers had enough knowledge about the definition of derivative and limit. However, the rest of them should learn their definition conceptually. The examples of correct, partially correct, and incorrect definition of both concepts will be presented and discussed based on participants’ statements. This study has some implications for instructors. Instructors should be careful about whether students learn the definition of these concepts or not. In order to this, the instructors may give prospective teachers opportunities to discuss the definition of these concepts and the relationship between the concepts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20knowledge" title="content knowledge">content knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=derivative" title=" derivative"> derivative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit" title=" limit"> limit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prospective%20mathematics%20teachers" title=" prospective mathematics teachers"> prospective mathematics teachers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89307/prospective-mathematics-teachers-content-knowledge-on-the-definition-of-limit-and-derivative" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1578</span> Types of Limit Application Problems in Engineering Students: Case Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veronica%20Diaz%20Quezada">Veronica Diaz Quezada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The society of the 21st century requires training of engineers capable of solving routine and non-routine problems in applications of the limit of real functions, as part of the course Calculus I. For this purpose, research was conducted with a methodological design that combines quantitative and qualitative procedures and that aims, to identify and to characterize the types of problems according to their nature and context, through the application of a mathematics test; to know— through a questionnaire— the opinion of difficulties in their solution, previous and missing knowledge of some students of three engineering careers of a state university in Chile. This research is completed with three case studies. The results favor the performance of students in solving problems of a fantasist and realistic context, but these do not guarantee mathematical skills which are necessary to solve non-routine problems of limit applications. In conclusion, through this research, it became clear that the students of the three engineerings do not have all the necessary skills to solve problems of application of the limit of a function of the real variable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20studies" title="case studies">case studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20program" title=" engineering program"> engineering program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limits" title=" limits"> limits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problem%20solving" title=" problem solving"> problem solving</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115928/types-of-limit-application-problems-in-engineering-students-case-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1577</span> A Mathematical Based Prediction of the Forming Limit of Thin-Walled Sheet Metals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Ghermezi">Masoud Ghermezi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studying the sheet metals is one of the most important research areas in the field of metal forming due to their extensive applications in the aerospace industries. A useful method for determining the forming limit of these materials and consequently preventing the rupture of sheet metals during the forming process is the use of the forming limit curve (FLC). In addition to specifying the forming limit, this curve also delineates a boundary for the allowed values of strain in sheet metal forming; these characteristics of the FLC along with its accuracy of computation and wide range of applications have made this curve the basis of research in the present paper. This study presents a new model that not only agrees with the results obtained from the above mentioned theory, but also eliminates its shortcomings. In this theory, like in the M-K theory, a thin sheet with an inhomogeneity as a gradient thickness reduction with a sinusoidal function has been chosen and subjected to two-dimensional stress. Through analytical evaluation, ultimately, a governing differential equation has been obtained. The numerical solution of this equation for the range of positive strains (stretched region) yields the results that agree with the results obtained from M-K theory. Also the solution of this equation for the range of negative strains (tension region) completes the FLC curve. The findings obtained by applying this equation on two alloys with the hardening exponents of 0.4 and 0.24 indicate the validity of the presented equation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheet%20metal" title="sheet metal">sheet metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20forming" title=" metal forming"> metal forming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forming%20limit%20curve%20%28FLC%29" title=" forming limit curve (FLC)"> forming limit curve (FLC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M-K%20theory" title=" M-K theory"> M-K theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33928/a-mathematical-based-prediction-of-the-forming-limit-of-thin-walled-sheet-metals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1576</span> Effect of Testing Device Calibration on Liquid Limit Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20O.%20Bayram">M. O. Bayram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20B.%20Gencdal"> H. B. Gencdal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20O.%20Fercan"> N. O. Fercan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Basbug"> B. Basbug</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Liquid limit, which is used as a measure of soil strength, can be detected by Casagrande and fall-cone testing methods. The two methods majorly diverge from each other in terms of operator dependency. The Casagrande method that is applied according to ASTM D4318-17 standards may give misleading results, especially if the calibration process is not performed well. To reveal the effect of calibration for drop height and amount of soil paste placement in the Casagrande cup, a series of tests were carried out by multipoint method as it is specified in the ASTM standards. The tests include the combination of 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm drop heights and under-filled, half-filled, and full-filled Casagrande cups by kaolinite samples. It was observed that during successive tests, the drop height of the cup deteriorated; hence the device was recalibrated before and after each test to provide the accuracy of the results. Besides, the tests by under-filled and full-filled samples for higher drop heights revealed lower liquid limit values than the lower drop heights revealed. For the half-filled samples, it was clearly seen that the liquid limit values didn’t change at all as the drop height increased, and this explains the function of standard specifications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calibration" title="calibration">calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=casagrande%20cup%20method" title=" casagrande cup method"> casagrande cup method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drop%20height" title=" drop height"> drop height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kaolinite" title=" kaolinite"> kaolinite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20limit" title=" liquid limit"> liquid limit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=placing%20form" title=" placing form"> placing form</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151571/effect-of-testing-device-calibration-on-liquid-limit-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1575</span> Hidden Markov Model for Financial Limit Order Book and Its Application to Algorithmic Trading Strategy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sriram%20Kashyap%20Prasad">Sriram Kashyap Prasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ionut%20Florescu"> Ionut Florescu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study models the intraday asset prices as driven by Markov process. This work identifies the latent states of the Hidden Markov model, using limit order book data (trades and quotes) to continuously estimate the states throughout the day. This work builds a trading strategy using estimated states to generate signals. The strategy utilizes current state to recalibrate buy/ sell levels and the transition between states to trigger stop-loss when adverse price movements occur. The proposed trading strategy is tested on the Stevens High Frequency Trading (SHIFT) platform. SHIFT is a highly realistic market simulator with functionalities for creating an artificial market simulation by deploying agents, trading strategies, distributing initial wealth, etc. In the implementation several assets on the NASDAQ exchange are used for testing. In comparison to a strategy with static buy/ sell levels, this study shows that the number of limit orders that get matched and executed can be increased. Executing limit orders earns rebates on NASDAQ. The system can capture jumps in the limit order book prices, provide dynamic buy/sell levels and trigger stop loss signals to improve the PnL (Profit and Loss) performance of the strategy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithmic%20trading" title="algorithmic trading">algorithmic trading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hidden%20Markov%20model" title=" Hidden Markov model"> Hidden Markov model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20frequency%20trading" title=" high frequency trading"> high frequency trading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20order%20book%20learning" title=" limit order book learning"> limit order book learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134323/hidden-markov-model-for-financial-limit-order-book-and-its-application-to-algorithmic-trading-strategy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134323.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1574</span> Effect of Treated Peat Soil on the Plasticity Index and Hardening Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nur%20Aida%20Mario">Siti Nur Aida Mario</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farah%20Hafifee%20Ahmad"> Farah Hafifee Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudy%20Tawie"> Rudy Tawie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil Stabilization has been widely implemented in the construction industry nowadays. Peat soil is well known as one of the most problematic soil among the engineers. The procedures need to take into account both physical and engineering properties of the stabilized peat soil. This paper presents a result of plasticity index and hardening of treated peat soil with various dosage of additives. In order to determine plasticity of the treated peat soil, atterberg limit test which comprises plastic limit and liquid limit test has been conducted. Determination of liquid limit in this experimental study is by using cone penetrometer. Vicat testing apparatus has been used in the hardening test which the penetration of the plunger is recorded every one hour for 24 hours. The results show that the plasticity index of peat soil stabilized with 80% FAAC and 20% OPC has the lowest plasticity index and recorded the fastest initial setting time. The significant of this study is to promote greener solution for future soil stabilization industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additives" title="additives">additives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardening" title=" hardening"> hardening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peat%20soil" title=" peat soil"> peat soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasticity%20index" title=" plasticity index"> plasticity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20stabilization" title=" soil stabilization"> soil stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44907/effect-of-treated-peat-soil-on-the-plasticity-index-and-hardening-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1573</span> Locating Speed Limit Signs for Highway Tunnel Entrance and Exit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Bai">Han Bai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lemei%20Yu"> Lemei Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tong%20Zhang"> Tong Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doudou%20Xie"> Doudou Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Zhao"> Liang Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The brightness changes at highway tunnel entrance and exit have an effect on the physical and psychological conditions of drivers. It is more conducive for examining driving safety with quantitative analysis of the physical and psychological characteristics of drivers to determine the speed limit sign locations at the tunnel entrance and exit sections. In this study, the physical and psychological effects of tunnels on traffic sign recognition of drivers are analyzed; subsequently, experiments with the assistant of Eyelink-II Type eye movement monitoring system are conducted in the typical tunnels in Ji-Qing freeway and Xi-Zha freeway, to collect the data of eye movement indexes “Fixation Duration” and “Eyeball Rotating Speed”, which typically represent drivers' mental load and visual characteristics. On this basis, the paper establishes a visual recognition model for the speed limit signs at the highway tunnel entrances and exits. In combination with related standards and regulations, it further presents the recommended values for locating speed limit signs under different tunnel conditions. A case application on Panlong tunnel in Ji-Qing freeway is given to generate the helpful improvement suggestions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driver%20psychological%20load" title="driver psychological load">driver psychological load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20movement%20index" title=" eye movement index"> eye movement index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed%20limit%20sign%20location" title=" speed limit sign location"> speed limit sign location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel%20entrance%20and%20exit" title=" tunnel entrance and exit"> tunnel entrance and exit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89244/locating-speed-limit-signs-for-highway-tunnel-entrance-and-exit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1572</span> Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay Based Detection of Aflatoxin M1 and Ochratoxin A in Raw Milk in Punjab, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pallavi%20Moudgil">Pallavi Moudgil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20S.%20Bedi"> J. S. Bedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20S.%20Aulakh"> R. S. Aulakh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20S.%20Gill"> J. P. S. Gill</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mycotoxins in milk are of major public health concern. The present study was envisaged with an aim to monitor the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A in raw milk samples collected from individual animals from dairy farms located in Punjab (India). A total of 168 raw milk samples were collected and analysed using competitive ELISA kits. Out of these, 9 (5.4%) samples were found positive for aflatoxin M1 with the mean concentration of 0.006-0.13 ng/ml and 2 (1.2%) samples exceeded the established maximum residue limit of 0.05 ng/ml established by the European Union. For ochratoxin A, 2 (0.1%) samples were found positive with the mean concentration of 0.61-0.83 ng/ml with both the samples below the established maximum residue limit of 2 ng/ml. The results showed that the milk of dairy cattle is safe with respect to ochratoxin A contamination but occurrence of aflatoxin M1 above maximum residue limit suggested that feed contaminated with mycotoxins might have been offered to dairy cattle that can pose serious health risks to consumers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aflatoxin%20M1" title="Aflatoxin M1">Aflatoxin M1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20risks" title=" health risks"> health risks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20residue%20limit" title=" maximum residue limit"> maximum residue limit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk" title=" milk"> milk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ochratoxin%20A" title=" Ochratoxin A"> Ochratoxin A</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65718/enzyme-linked-immuno-sorbent-assay-based-detection-of-aflatoxin-m1-and-ochratoxin-a-in-raw-milk-in-punjab-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1571</span> Limit State of Heterogeneous Smart Structures under Unknown Cyclic Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chen">M. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S-Q.%20Zhang"> S-Q. Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20Wang"> X. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Tate"> D. Tate</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a numerical solution, namely limit and shakedown analysis, to predict the safety state of smart structures made of heterogeneous materials under unknown cyclic loadings, for instance, the flexure hinge in the micro-positioning stage driven by piezoelectric actuator. In combination of homogenization theory and finite-element method (FEM), the safety evaluation problem is converted to a large-scale nonlinear optimization programming for an acceptable bounded loading as the design reference. Furthermore, a general numerical scheme integrated with the FEM and interior-point-algorithm based optimization tool is developed, which makes the practical application possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20state" title="limit state">limit state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shakedown%20analysis" title=" shakedown analysis"> shakedown analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homogenization" title=" homogenization"> homogenization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20structure" title=" heterogeneous structure"> heterogeneous structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60785/limit-state-of-heterogeneous-smart-structures-under-unknown-cyclic-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1570</span> Experimental and Finite Element Forming Limit Diagrams for Interstitial Free Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basavaraj%20Vadavadagi">Basavaraj Vadavadagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satishkumar%20Shekhawat"> Satishkumar Shekhawat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interstitial free steels posses better formability and have many applications in automotive industries. Forming limit diagrams (FLDs) indicate the formability of materials which can be determined by experimental and finite element (FE) simulations. FLDs were determined experimentally by LDH test, utilizing optical strain measurement system for measuring the strains in different width specimens and by FE simulations in Interstitial Free (IF) and Interstitial Free High Strength (IFHS) steels. In this study, the experimental and FE simulated FLDs are compared and also the stress based FLDs were investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forming%20limit%20diagram" title="forming limit diagram">forming limit diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limiting%20dome%20height" title=" limiting dome height"> limiting dome height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20strain%20measurement" title=" optical strain measurement"> optical strain measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interstitial" title=" interstitial"> interstitial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3534/experimental-and-finite-element-forming-limit-diagrams-for-interstitial-free-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1569</span> Using Squeezed Vacuum States to Enhance the Sensitivity of Ground Based Gravitational Wave Interferometers beyond the Standard Quantum Limit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giacomo%20Ciani">Giacomo Ciani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reviews the impact of quantum noise on modern gravitational wave interferometers and explains how squeezed vacuum states are used to push the noise below the standard quantum limit. With the first detection of gravitational waves from a pair of colliding black holes in September 2015 and subsequent detections including that of gravitational waves from a pair of colliding neutron stars, the ground-based interferometric gravitational wave observatories LIGO and VIRGO have opened the era of gravitational-wave and multi-messenger astronomy. Improving the sensitivity of the detectors is of paramount importance to increase the number and quality of the detections, fully exploiting this new information channel about the universe. Although still in the commissioning phase and not at nominal sensitivity, these interferometers are designed to be ultimately limited by a combination of shot noise and quantum radiation pressure noise, which define an envelope known as the standard quantum limit. Despite the name, this limit can be beaten with the use of advanced quantum measurement techniques, with the use of squeezed vacuum states being currently the most mature and promising. Different strategies for implementation of the technology in the large-scale detectors, in both their frequency-independent and frequency-dependent variations, are presented, together with an analysis of the main technological issues and expected sensitivity gain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20waves" title="gravitational waves">gravitational waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferometers" title=" interferometers"> interferometers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=squeezed%20vacuum" title=" squeezed vacuum"> squeezed vacuum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20quantum%20limit" title=" standard quantum limit"> standard quantum limit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85856/using-squeezed-vacuum-states-to-enhance-the-sensitivity-of-ground-based-gravitational-wave-interferometers-beyond-the-standard-quantum-limit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1568</span> Quality Control Assessment of X-Ray Equipment in Hospitals of Katsina State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminu%20Yakubu%20Umar">Aminu Yakubu Umar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> X-ray is the major contributor to the effective dose of both the patient and the personnel. Because of the radiological risks involved, it is usually recommended that dose to patient from X-ray be kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) with adequate image quality. The implementation of quality assurance in diagnostic radiology can help greatly in achieving that, as it is a technique designed to reduce X-ray doses to patients undergoing radiological examination. In this study, quality control was carried out in six hospitals, which involved KVp test, evaluation of total filtration, test for constancy of radiation output, and check for mA linearity. Equipment used include KVp meter, Rad-check meter, aluminum sheets (0.1–1.0 mm) etc. The results of this study indicate that, the age of the X-ray machines in the hospitals ranges from 3-13 years, GHI and GH2 being the oldest and FMC being the newest. In the evaluation of total filtration, the HVL of the X-ray machines in the hospitals varied, ranging from 2.3-5.2 mm. The HVL was found to be highest in AHC (5.2 mm), while it was lowest in GH3 (2.3 mm). All HVL measurements were done at 80 KVp. The variation in voltage accuracy in the hospitals ranges from 0.3%-127.5%. It was only in GH1 that the % variation was below the allowed limit. The test for constancy of radiation output showed that, the coefficient of variation ranges from 0.005–0.550. In GH3, FMC and AHC, the coefficient of linearity were less than the allowed limit, while in GH1, GH2 and GH4 the coefficient of linearity had exceeded the allowed limit. As regard to mA linearity, FMC and AHC had their coefficients of linearity as 0.12 and 0.10 respectively, which were within the accepted limit, while GH1, GH3 and GH4 had their coefficients as 0.16, 0.69 and 0.98 respectively, which exceeded the allowed limit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation" title="radiation">radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20output" title=" X-ray output"> X-ray output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20control" title=" quality control"> quality control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=half-value%20layer" title=" half-value layer"> half-value layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mA%20linearity" title=" mA linearity"> mA linearity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KVp%20variation" title=" KVp variation"> KVp variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10927/quality-control-assessment-of-x-ray-equipment-in-hospitals-of-katsina-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">609</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1567</span> Minimizing the Impact of Covariate Detection Limit in Logistic Regression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahadut%20Hossain">Shahadut Hossain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacek%20Wesolowski"> Jacek Wesolowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahirul%20Hoque"> Zahirul Hoque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In many epidemiological and environmental studies covariate measurements are subject to the detection limit. In most applications, covariate measurements are usually truncated from below which is known as left-truncation. Because the measuring device, which we use to measure the covariate, fails to detect values falling below the certain threshold. In regression analyses, it causes inflated bias and inaccurate mean squared error (MSE) to the estimators. This paper suggests a response-based regression calibration method to correct the deleterious impact introduced by the covariate detection limit in the estimators of the parameters of simple logistic regression model. Compared to the maximum likelihood method, the proposed method is computationally simpler, and hence easier to implement. It is robust to the violation of distributional assumption about the covariate of interest. In producing correct inference, the performance of the proposed method compared to the other competing methods has been investigated through extensive simulations. A real-life application of the method is also shown using data from a population-based case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20exposure" title="environmental exposure">environmental exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detection%20limit" title=" detection limit"> detection limit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=left%20truncation" title=" left truncation"> left truncation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bias" title=" bias"> bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ad-hoc%20substitution" title=" ad-hoc substitution"> ad-hoc substitution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55567/minimizing-the-impact-of-covariate-detection-limit-in-logistic-regression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1566</span> Forming Limit Analysis of DP600-800 Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelo%20Costa%20Cardoso">Marcelo Costa Cardoso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luciano%20Pessanha%20Moreira"> Luciano Pessanha Moreira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, the plastic behaviour of cold-rolled zinc coated dual-phase steel sheets DP600 and DP800 grades is firstly investigated with the help of uniaxial, hydraulic bulge and Forming Limit Curve (FLC) tests. The uniaxial tensile tests were performed in three angular orientations with respect to the rolling direction to evaluate the strain-hardening and plastic anisotropy. True stress-strain curves at large strains were determined from hydraulic bulge testing and fitted to a work-hardening equation. The limit strains are defined at both localized necking and fracture conditions according to Nakajima’s hemispherical punch procedure. Also, an elasto-plastic localization model is proposed in order to predict strain and stress based forming limit curves. The investigated dual-phase sheets showed a good formability in the biaxial stretching and drawing FLC regions. For both DP600 and DP800 sheets, the corresponding numerical predictions overestimated and underestimated the experimental limit strains in the biaxial stretching and drawing FLC regions, respectively. This can be attributed to the restricted failure necking condition adopted in the numerical model, which is not suitable to describe the tensile and shear fracture mechanisms in advanced high strength steels under equibiaxial and biaxial stretching conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20high%20strength%20steels" title="advanced high strength steels">advanced high strength steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forming%20limit%20curve" title=" forming limit curve"> forming limit curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modelling" title=" numerical modelling"> numerical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheet%20metal%20forming" title=" sheet metal forming"> sheet metal forming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35774/forming-limit-analysis-of-dp600-800-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1565</span> The Comparation of Limits of Detection of Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Strips of Different Types of Mycotoxins</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinyi%20Zhao">Xinyi Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Furong%20Tian"> Furong Tian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mycotoxins are secondary metabolic products of fungi. These are poisonous, carcinogens and mutagens in nature and pose a serious health threat to both humans and animals, causing severe illnesses and even deaths. The rapid, simple and cheap detection methods of mycotoxins are of immense importance and in great demand in the food and beverage industry as well as in agriculture and environmental monitoring. Lateral flow immunochromatographic strips (ICSTs) have been widely used in food safety, environment monitoring. Forty-six papers were identified and reviewed on Google Scholar and Scopus for their limit of detection and nanomaterial on Lateral flow immunochromatographic strips on different types of mycotoxins. The papers were dated 2001-2021. Twenty five papers were compared to identify the lowest limit of detection of among different mycotoxins (Aflatoxin B1: 10, Zearalenone:5, Fumonisin B1: 5, Trichothecene-A: 5). Most of these highly sensitive strips are competitive. Sandwich structure are usually used in large scale detection. In conclusion, the mycotoxin receives that most researches is aflatoxin B1 and its limit of detection is the lowest. Gold-nanopaticle based immunochromatographic test strips has the lowest limit of detection. Five papers involve smartphone detection and they all detect aflatoxin B1 with gold nanoparticles. In these papers, quantitative concentration results can be obtained when the user uploads the photograph of test lines using the smartphone application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aflatoxin%20B1" title="aflatoxin B1">aflatoxin B1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20of%20detection" title=" limit of detection"> limit of detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20nanoparticle" title=" gold nanoparticle"> gold nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20flow%20immunochromatographic%20strips" title=" lateral flow immunochromatographic strips"> lateral flow immunochromatographic strips</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycotoxins" title=" mycotoxins"> mycotoxins</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139268/the-comparation-of-limits-of-detection-of-lateral-flow-immunochromatographic-strips-of-different-types-of-mycotoxins" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1564</span> The Comparison of the Reliability Margin Measure for the Different Concepts in the Slope Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filip%20Dodigovic">Filip Dodigovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kreso%20Ivandic"> Kreso Ivandic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damir%20Stuhec"> Damir Stuhec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Strelec"> S. Strelec</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The general difference analysis between the former and new design concepts in geotechnical engineering is carried out. The application of new regulations results in the need for real adaptation of the computation principles of limit states, i.e. by providing a uniform way of analyzing engineering tasks. Generally, it is not possible to unambiguously match the limit state verification procedure with those in the construction engineering. The reasons are the inability to fully consistency of the common probabilistic basis of the analysis, and the fundamental effect of material properties on the value of actions and the influence of actions on resistance. Consequently, it is not possible to apply separate factorization with partial coefficients, as in construction engineering. For the slope stability analysis design procedures problems in the light of the use of limit states in relation to the concept of allowable stresses is detailed in. The quantifications of the safety margins in the slope stability analysis for both approaches is done. When analyzing the stability of the slope, by the strict application of the adopted forms from the new regulations for significant external temporary and/or seismic actions, the equivalent margin of safety is increased. The consequence is the emergence of more conservative solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allowable%20pressure" title="allowable pressure">allowable pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eurocode%207" title=" Eurocode 7"> Eurocode 7</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20states" title=" limit states"> limit states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title=" slope stability"> slope stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87490/the-comparison-of-the-reliability-margin-measure-for-the-different-concepts-in-the-slope-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1563</span> The Fluid Limit of the Critical Processor Sharing Tandem Queue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20Ezzidani">Amal Ezzidani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelghani%20Ben%20Tahar"> Abdelghani Ben Tahar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Hanini"> Mohamed Hanini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A sequence of finite tandem queue is considered for this study. Each one has a single server, which operates under the egalitarian processor sharing discipline. External customers arrive at each queue according to a renewal input process and having a general service times distribution. Upon completing service, customers leave the current queue and enter to the next. Under mild assumptions, including critical data, we prove the existence and the uniqueness of the fluid solution. For asymptotic behavior, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the invariant state and the convergence to this invariant state. In the end, we establish the convergence of a correctly normalized state process to a fluid limit characterized by a system of algebraic and integral equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20limit" title="fluid limit">fluid limit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20model" title=" fluid model"> fluid model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measure%20valued%20process" title=" measure valued process"> measure valued process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=processor%20sharing" title=" processor sharing"> processor sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tandem%20queue" title=" tandem queue"> tandem queue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130452/the-fluid-limit-of-the-critical-processor-sharing-tandem-queue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retry%20limit&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retry%20limit&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retry%20limit&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retry%20limit&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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