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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mundarija" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mundarija</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirish</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Davlat_tuzumi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Davlat_tuzumi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Davlat tuzumi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Davlat_tuzumi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tabiati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tabiati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tabiati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tabiati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarixi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarixi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tarixi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarixi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xoʻjaligi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xoʻjaligi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Xoʻjaligi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xoʻjaligi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transporti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transporti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transporti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transporti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tibbiy_xizmati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tibbiy_xizmati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tibbiy xizmati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tibbiy_xizmati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maorifi,_ilmiy_va_madaniymaʼrifiy_muassasalari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maorifi,_ilmiy_va_madaniymaʼrifiy_muassasalari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Maorifi, ilmiy va madaniymaʼrifiy muassasalari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maorifi,_ilmiy_va_madaniymaʼrifiy_muassasalari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matbuoti,_radioeshittirishi,_telekoʻrsatuvi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matbuoti,_radioeshittirishi,_telekoʻrsatuvi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Matbuoti, radioeshittirishi, telekoʻrsatuvi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matbuoti,_radioeshittirishi,_telekoʻrsatuvi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meʼmorligi_va_tasviriy_sanʼati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meʼmorligi_va_tasviriy_sanʼati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Meʼmorligi va tasviriy sanʼati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meʼmorligi_va_tasviriy_sanʼati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musiqasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musiqasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Musiqasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musiqasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teatri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teatri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Teatri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teatri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kinosi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kinosi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Kinosi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kinosi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oʻzbekiston_–_Turkmaniston_adabiy_va_madaniy_aloqalari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oʻzbekiston_–_Turkmaniston_adabiy_va_madaniy_aloqalari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Oʻzbekiston – Turkmaniston adabiy va madaniy aloqalari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oʻzbekiston_–_Turkmaniston_adabiy_va_madaniy_aloqalari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Havolalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Havolalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Havolalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Havolalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turkmaniston</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 244 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-244" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">244 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AC%D1%83%D1%80%D2%9B%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D2%AD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҭурқменисҭан – abxaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ҭурқменисҭан" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abxaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A8nistan" title="Turkmènistan – achin" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Turkmènistan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тыркуменыстан – adigey" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тыркуменыстан" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigey" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – nemis (Shveytsariya)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemis (Shveytsariya)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%98%E1%8A%92%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95" title="ቱርክመኒስታን – amxar" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቱርክመኒስታን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amxar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán – aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcmenistan" title="Turcmenistan – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Turcmenistan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تركمانستان – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تركمانستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%A1%DC%A2%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܛܘܪܩܡܢܣܛܐܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܛܘܪܩܡܢܣܛܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تركمانستان – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تركمانستان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="توركمينيستان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توركمينيستان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তুৰ্কমেনিস্তান – assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তুৰ্কমেনিস্তান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – avadxi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmin_suyu" title="Turkmin suyu – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Turkmin suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkm%C9%99nistan" title="Türkmənistan – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türkmənistan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تورکمنیستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تورکمنیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Төркмәнстан – boshqird" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төркмәнстан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="boshqird" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Turkménistan – bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Turkménistan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuakmenien" title="Tuakmenien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tuakmenien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torkmien%C4%97stans" title="Torkmienėstans – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Torkmienėstans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменістан – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Туркменістан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркмэністан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Туркмэністан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A8nistan" title="Turkmènistan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Turkmènistan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukmenistan" title="Tukmenistan – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Tukmenistan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তুর্কমেনিস্তান – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুর্কমেনিস্তান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཏུརཀ་མེ་ནི་སྟན། – tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཏུརཀ་མེ་ནི་སྟན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তুর্কমেনিস্তান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="তুর্কমেনিস্তান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%8A" title="ᨈᨘᨑᨀᨆᨙᨊᨗᨔᨈᨊ – bugi" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨈᨘᨑᨀᨆᨙᨊᨗᨔᨈᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Туркмени – chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Туркмени" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – sebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تورکمانستان – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تورکمانستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – korsikan" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrcmenistan" title="Tyrcmenistan – valliy" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tyrcmenistan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valliy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1rkmen%C4%B1stan" title="Tırkmenıstan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tırkmenıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – quyi sorb" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="quyi sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%89%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ތުރުކުމެނިސްތާން – divexi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ތުރުކުމެނިސްތާން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divexi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – eve" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="eve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Τουρκμενιστάν – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκμενιστάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenio" title="Turkmenio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turkmenio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکمنستان – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترکمنستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – farercha" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="farercha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Turkménistan – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Turkménistan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcm%C3%A8nistan" title="Turcmènistan – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Turcmènistan" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmeenistaan" title="Turkmeenistaan – shimoliy friz" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Turkmeenistaan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="shimoliy friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – g‘arbiy friz" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="g‘arbiy friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tuircm%C3%A9anast%C3%A1in" title="An Tuircméanastáin – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tuircméanastáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan – gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Tirkménistan – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tirkménistan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcmanast%C3%A0n" title="Turcmanastàn – shotland-gel" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Turcmanastàn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="shotland-gel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8A%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تۊرکمنستان – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="تۊرکمنستان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuykomenit%C3%A3" title="Tuykomenitã – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tuykomenitã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="તુર્કમેનિસ્તાન – gujarot" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તુર્કમેનિસ્તાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Turkmenistaan" title="Yn Turkmenistaan – men" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Turkmenistaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="men" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – xausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="xausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukemenikana" title="Tukemenikana – gavaycha" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Tukemenikana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="gavaycha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="טורקמניסטן – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טורקמניסטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – yuqori sorb" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="yuqori sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikmenistan" title="Tikmenistan – gaityan" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tikmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="gaityan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmeniszt%C3%A1n" title="Türkmenisztán – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Türkmenisztán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Թուրքմենստան – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրքմենստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArkmenistan" title="Túrkmenistan – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Túrkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="トルクメニスタン – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トルクメニスタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerkmenistan" title="Toerkmenistan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Toerkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Turkménistan – yavan" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Turkménistan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="yavan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="თურქმენეთი – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქმენეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArkmenstan" title="Túrkmenstan – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Túrkmenstan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – kabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Тыркуменистэн – kabardin" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Тыркуменистэн" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkimenistan%C9%A9" title="Turkimenistanɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Turkimenistanɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Түрікменстан – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түрікменстан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="តួកមេនីស្ថាន – xmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តួកមេនីស្ថាន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="xmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ತುರ್ಕಮೆನಿಸ್ತಾನ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತುರ್ಕಮೆನಿಸ್ತಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="투르크메니스탄 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="투르크메니스탄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirkmenistan" title="Tirkmenistan – kurdcha" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tirkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Turkmen" title="Pow Turkmen – korn" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Turkmen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Түркмөнстан – qirgʻizcha" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түркмөнстан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="qirgʻizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcomannia" title="Turcomannia – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Turcomannia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – lyuksemburgcha" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lyuksemburgcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туьркменистан – lezgin" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Туьркменистан" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcmenistan" title="Turcmenistan – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Turcmenistan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – limburg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1ni" title="Turkmenistáni – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Turkmenistáni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ເຕີກເມນິສະຖານ – laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຕີກເມນິສະຖານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C4%97nija" title="Turkmėnija – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turkmėnija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C4%81na" title="Turkmenistāna – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turkmenistāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – madur" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – maythili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maythili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркмэнистан – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Туркмэнистан" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torkmenist%C3%A0na" title="Torkmenistàna – malagasiy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Torkmenistàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukumanat%C4%81nga" title="Tukumanatānga – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tukumanatānga" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="തുർക്‌മെനിസ്ഥാൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുർക്‌മെനിസ്ഥാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯇꯔꯛꯃꯦꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ – manipur" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯔꯛꯃꯦꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – maratxi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – maltiy" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%81%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="တာ့ခ်မင်နစ္စတန်နိုင်ငံ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တာ့ခ်မင်နစ္စတန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркмения – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Туркмения" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="تورکمونسون – mozandaron" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تورکمونسون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mozandaron" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – quyi nemis" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="quyi nemis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तर्कमेनिस्तान – nevar" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naashch%CA%BC%C4%85%C4%85%CA%BC_Bidiyog%C3%ADihnii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Naashchʼąąʼ Bidiyogíihnii Bikéyah – navaxo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Naashchʼąąʼ Bidiyogíihnii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcmenistan" title="Turcmenistan – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Turcmenistan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistuanu" title="Turkmenistuanu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Turkmenistuanu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkimeenistaan" title="Tarkimeenistaan – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tarkimeenistaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – osetin" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨਿਸਤਾਨ – panjobcha" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨਿਸਤਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjobcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – papiyamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiyamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Turkménistan – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Turkménistan" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमिनिस्थान – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="तुर्कमिनिस्थान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terkmenistaan" title="Terkmenistaan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Terkmenistaan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکمانستان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترکمانستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Τουρκμενιστάν – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Τουρκμενιστάν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکمنستان – pushtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ترکمنستان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pushtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquemenist%C3%A3o" title="Turquemenistão – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turquemenistão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkminsuyu" title="Turkminsuyu – kechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Turkminsuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменістан – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Туркменістан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukimenisitani" title="Turukimenisitani – kinyaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Turukimenisitani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="तुर्कमेनिस्थानम् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्थानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Түркменистаан – saxa" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Түркменистаан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="saxa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱢᱮᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱢᱮᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A0n" title="Turkmenistàn – sardin" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Turkmenistàn" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – sitsiliya" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiliya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – shotland" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="shotland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترڪمانستان – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ترڪمانستان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – shimoliy saam" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="shimoliy saam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%99%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းတၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းတၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ටර්ක්මෙනිස්තානය – singal" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ටර්ක්මෙනිස්තානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nsko" title="Turkménsko – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turkménsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکمانستان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ترکمانستان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – inari-saam" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="inari-saam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – somalicha" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalicha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistani" title="Turkmenistani – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Turkmenistani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IThumekhi" title="IThumekhi – svati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IThumekhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="svati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Turkménistan – sundan" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Turkménistan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – suaxili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaxili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmy%C5%84istan" title="Turkmyńistan – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Turkmyńistan" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="துருக்மெனிஸ்தான் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருக்மெனிஸ்தான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="తుర్కమేనిస్తాన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తుర్కమేనిస్తాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkomenistaun" title="Turkomenistaun – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Turkomenistaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Туркманистон – tojik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Туркманистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tojik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศเติร์กเมนิสถาน – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเติร์กเมนิสถาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan – turkman" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C9%99nistan" title="Turkmənistan – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Turkmənistan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%ABkimenisitani" title="Tūkimenisitani – tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Tūkimenisitani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Төрекмәнстан – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төрекмәнстан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркмения – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Туркмения" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تۈركمەنىستان – uyg‘ur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۈركمەنىستان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uyg‘ur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменістан – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туркменістан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکمانستان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترکمانستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A8nistan" title="Turkmènistan – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Turkmènistan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmen%C3%A4n" title="Turkmenän – volapyuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Turkmenän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkumenistaan" title="Turkumenistaan – volof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Turkumenistaan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土库曼斯坦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="თურქმენეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თურქმენეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F" title="טורקמעניסטאן – idish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טורקמעניסטאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%E1%BA%B9%CC%81n%C3%ACst%C3%A1n" title="Turkmẹ́nìstán – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Turkmẹ́nìstán" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerkmenistan" title="Toerkmenistan – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Toerkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵎⴰⵏⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ – tamazigxt" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵎⴰⵏⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazigxt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土库曼斯坦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%AB%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土庫曼斯坦 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="土庫曼斯坦" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%AB%E6%9B%BC" title="土庫曼 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="土庫曼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q874#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turkmaniston" title="Sahifani ko‘rish [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Maqola</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Munozara:Turkmaniston" rel="discussion" title="Sahifa matni borasida munozara [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Til variantini oʻzgartirish" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">lotin/кирилл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-uz mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&variant=uz" lang="uz" hreflang="uz"><span>lotin/кирилл</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-uz-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&variant=uz-latn" lang="uz-Latn" hreflang="uz-Latn"><span>lotin</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-uz-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&variant=uz-cyrl" lang="uz-Cyrl" hreflang="uz-Cyrl"><span>кирилл</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Koʻrinishlar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turkmaniston"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=history" title="Bu sahifaning oʻzgarishlar tarixi [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Asboblar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Asboblar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Asboblar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Koʻproq opsiyalar" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Amallar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turkmaniston"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=history"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umumiy </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:WhatLinksHere/Turkmaniston" title="Ushbu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalar roʻyxati [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Bu yerga ishoratlar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:RecentChangesLinked/Turkmaniston" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalardagi yangi oʻzgarishlar [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Bogʻliq oʻzgarishlar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:SpecialPages" title="Maxsus sahifalar ro‘yxati [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Maxsus sahifalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&oldid=4844218" title="Sahifaning ushbu versiyasiga doimiy ishorat"><span>Doimiy havola</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=info" title="Bu sahifa haqida koʻproq maʼlumot"><span>Sahifa haqida maʼlumot</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CiteThisPage&page=Turkmaniston&id=4844218&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Sahifadan matn parchasi ajratish</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurkmaniston"><span>Qisqartirilgan URL-manzilni olish</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurkmaniston"><span>QR-kodni yuklab olish</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nashr/eksport qilish </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:DownloadAsPdf&page=Turkmaniston&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF sifatida yuklash</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Ushbu sahifaning bosma uchun versiyasi [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bosma uchun versiya</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Boshqa loyihalarda </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" hreflang="en"><span>Vikiombor</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q874" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikimaʼlumotlar bandi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2451273">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .bilgiquti-sarlavha,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .bilgiquti-belgi,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .bilgiquti-matn,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .bilgiquti-full-matn,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow 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style="text-align:center; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="fn org country-name">Turkmaniston Respublikasi</div><div class="ib-country-names">Türkmenistan Respublikasy </div></th></tr> <tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkmaniston Respublikasi bayrogʻi"><img alt="Turkmaniston Respublikasi bayrogʻi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/125px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/188px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/250px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston_Respublikasi_bayrog%CA%BBi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkmaniston Respublikasi bayrogʻi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Bayroq</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gerb of Turkmaniston"><img alt="Gerb of Turkmaniston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="531" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston_Respublikasi_gerbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkmaniston Respublikasi gerbi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Gerb</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Davlatlar_shiorlari_ro%CA%BByxati" title="Davlatlar shiorlari roʻyxati">Shior</a>: </b>Yo'q</td></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="anthem" style="text-align:center;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Madhiya" title="Madhiya">Madhiya</a>:</b> "Garaşsyz Bitarap Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni"</td></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Turkmenistan_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Turkmaniston"><img alt="Location of Turkmaniston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Turkmenistan_in_its_region.svg/250px-Turkmenistan_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Turkmenistan_in_its_region.svg/375px-Turkmenistan_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Turkmenistan_in_its_region.svg/500px-Turkmenistan_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="260" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Davlat_poytaxtlari_ro%CA%BByxati" title="Davlat poytaxtlari roʻyxati">Poytaxt</a></th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/Ashxobod" title="Ashxobod">Ashxobod</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Davlat_tili" title="Davlat tili">Rasmiy til(lar)</a></th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/Turkman_tili" title="Turkman tili">Turkman</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Amaldagi_davlat_va_hukumat_rahbarlari" title="Amaldagi davlat va hukumat rahbarlari">Hukumat</a></th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/Prezidentlik_Respublika" class="mw-redirect" title="Prezidentlik Respublika">Prezidentlik Respublika</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston_yetakchilari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkmaniston yetakchilari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Prezident</a> </div></th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/Sardor_Berdimuhamedov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardor Berdimuhamedov">Sardor Berdimuhamedov</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;">Mustaqillik (<a href="/wiki/Sovet_Ittifog%60i" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovet Ittifog`i">Sovet Ittifog`idan</a>)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Sana </div></th> <td class="" style=""> 27-oktabr 1991-yil</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maydon" title="Maydon">Maydon</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Butun</div></th> <td class="" style=""> 488,100 km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Maydoniga_ko%CA%BBra_davlatlar_ro%CA%BByxati" class="mw-redirect" title="Maydoniga koʻra davlatlar roʻyxati">52-oʻrin</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Suv (%)</div></th> <td class="" style=""> 4.9</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aholi_bo%CA%BByicha_davlatlar_ro%CA%BByxati" title="Aholi boʻyicha davlatlar roʻyxati">Aholi</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2012-yilgi roʻyxat</div></th> <td class="" style=""> 6 million (<a href="/wiki/Aholi_bo%CA%BByicha_davlatlar_ro%CA%BByxati" title="Aholi boʻyicha davlatlar roʻyxati">112-oʻrin</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">• <a href="/wiki/Aholi_zichligi" title="Aholi zichligi">Zichlik</a></th> <td class="" style=""> 10,5/km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yalpi_ichki_mahsulot" title="Yalpi ichki mahsulot">YIM</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Xaridor_qobiliyat_tengligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xaridor qobiliyat tengligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">XQT</a>)</span></th> <td class="" style=""> 2011-yil roʻyxati</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Butun</div></th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">AQSh$</a> 43,359 mil. (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" class="extiw" title="en:List of countries by GDP (PPP)">94-oʻrin</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Jon boshiga</div></th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">AQSh$</a> 7,846</td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Davlatlar_pul_birliklari_ro%CA%BByxati" title="Davlatlar pul birliklari roʻyxati">Pul birligi</a></th> <td class="" style=""> Manat (<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_4217&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 4217 (sahifa yaratilmagan)">TMM</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vaqt_mintaqasi" title="Vaqt mintaqasi">Vaqt mintaqasi</a></th> <td class="" style=""> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC</a>+5</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Yoz (<a href="/wiki/DST" title="DST">DST</a>)</div></th> <td class="" style=""> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC</a>+5</span></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Qisqartma</th> <td class="" style=""> TM, TKM</td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Davlatlarning_telefon_kodlari" title="Davlatlarning telefon kodlari">Telefon prefiksi</a></th> <td class="" style=""> 993</td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yuqori_darajali_milliy_domenlar" title="Yuqori darajali milliy domenlar">Internet domeni</a></th> <td class="" style=""> .tm</td></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="ib-country-fn"><div class="noprint" style="float:right"> <i><a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Turkmaniston_info&action=edit">tahrir</a> <a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Turkmaniston_info&action=watch">kuzat</a></i></div></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_(%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%A1%D0%A3)_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5_(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%28%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%A1%D0%A3%29_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5_%286%29.jpg/200px-%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%28%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%A1%D0%A3%29_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%28%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%A1%D0%A3%29_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5_%286%29.jpg/300px-%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%28%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%A1%D0%A3%29_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%28%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%A1%D0%A3%29_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5_%286%29.jpg/400px-%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%28%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%A1%D0%A3%29_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2880" /></a><figcaption>Turkmanlar</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Turkmaniston</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turkman_tili" title="Turkman tili">turkmancha</a>. Türkmenistan), <b>Turkmaniston Respublikasi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turkman_tili" title="Turkman tili">turkmancha</a>. Türkmenistan Respublikasy) – <a href="/wiki/Markaziy_Osiyo" title="Markaziy Osiyo">Markaziy Osiyodagi</a> suveren davlat boʻlib, shimoli-gʻarbda <a href="/wiki/Qozog%CA%BBiston" title="Qozogʻiston">Qozogʻiston</a>, shimol va sharqda <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston" title="Oʻzbekiston">Oʻzbekiston</a>, janubi-sharqda <a href="/wiki/Afg%CA%BBoniston" title="Afgʻoniston">Afgʻoniston</a>, janubdan <a href="/wiki/Eron" title="Eron">Eron</a>, janubi-gʻarbda va gʻarbdan <a href="/wiki/Kaspiy_dengizi" title="Kaspiy dengizi">Kaspiy dengizi</a> bilan chegaradosh. <a href="/wiki/Ashxobod" title="Ashxobod">Ashxobod</a> – mamlakatning poytaxti va eng yirik shahri. Mamlakat aholisi 6 millionni tashkil etadi, bu Oʻrta Osiyo respublikalarining eng pastidir. Turkmaniston <a href="/wiki/Osiyo" title="Osiyo">Osiyodagi</a> eng kam aholisi boʻlgan davlatlardan biridir. Turkmaniston fuqarolari Turkmanistonliklar deb nomlanadi. </p><p>Turkmaniston asrlar davomida sivilizatsiyalar chorrahasida boʻlgan. Oʻrta asrlarda Marv islom dunyosining buyuk shaharlaridan biri va <a href="/wiki/Buyuk_Ipak_yo%CA%BBli" title="Buyuk Ipak yoʻli">Buyuk Ipak yoʻlidagi</a> muhim toʻxtash joyi boʻlgan. XV asr oʻrtalarigacha <a href="/wiki/Xitoy" title="Xitoy">Xitoy</a> bilan savdo-sotiq uchun foydalanilgan karvon yoʻli edi. <a href="/wiki/1881-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1881-yil">1881-yilda</a> <a href="/wiki/Rossiya_imperiyasi" title="Rossiya imperiyasi">Rossiya imperiyasi</a> tomonidan qoʻshib olingan Turkmaniston keyinchalik Oʻrta Osiyoda boshqa davlatlar kabi bolsheviklarga qarshi harakat qildi. <a href="/wiki/1925-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1925-yil">1925-yilda</a> Turkmaniston <a href="/wiki/Sovet_Ittifoqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovet Ittifoqi">Sovet Ittifoqining</a> tarkibiy respublikasi, Turkmaniston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi (<a href="/wiki/Turkmaniston_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmaniston SSR">Turkmaniston SSR</a>) ga aylandi; <a href="/wiki/1991-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1991-yil">1991-yilda</a> Sovet Ittifoqi parchalanganidan keyin mustaqillikka erishdi. </p><p>Turkmaniston tabiiy gaz zaxiralari boʻyicha dunyoda toʻrtinchi oʻrinni egallaydi. Mamlakatning katta qismini <a href="/wiki/Qoraqum" title="Qoraqum">Qoraqum choʻllari</a> qamrab olgan. <a href="/wiki/1993-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1993-yil">1993-yildan</a> <a href="/wiki/2017-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="2017-yil">2017-yilgacha</a> fuqarolar davlat tomonidan elektr energiyasi, suv va tabiiy gazni bepul olishgan. </p><p>Suveren Turkmaniston davlatini Prezident <a href="/w/index.php?title=S.N&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S.N (sahifa yaratilmagan)">S.N</a> <a href="/wiki/2006-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="2006-yil">2006-yilda</a> vafotigacha umrbod boshqargan. Uning oʻgʻli <a href="/wiki/2007-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="2007-yil">2007-yilda</a> prezident etib saylangan (u ilgari vitse-prezident, keyin prezident vazifasini bajaruvchi boʻlgan). 2022-yil 12-martda oʻtkazilgan saylovlarda Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedovning oʻgʻli Sardor berdimuhamedov 72.97% ovoz olib, prezidentlikka saylandi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Davlat_tuzumi">Davlat tuzumi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Davlat tuzumi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Davlat tuzumi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkmaniston – betaraf davlat. 1995-yil 12-dekabr Turkmanistonga betarafligi kuni. Amaldagi Konstitutsiyasi 1999-yil 18-mayda qabul kilingan. Davlat boshligʻi – prezident (2022-yildan Sardor Berdimuhamedov). Qonun chiqaruvchi hokimiyatni Majlis (parlament), ijrochi hokimiyatni Vazirlar Mahkamasi (hukumat) amalga oshiradi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tabiati">Tabiati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tabiati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Tabiati"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkmaniston hududining aksariyati tekislikdan iborat boʻlib, qariyb 4/5 qismi Turon tekisligi (Qoraqum choʻli)da joylashgan. Faqat janubida tepaliklar va oʻrtacha balandlikdagi togʻlar bor. Kaspiy dengizining T.ga qarashli janubiy qirgʻoklari kam parchalangan, shimolida Qoraboʻgʻozgoʻl, Krasnovodsk, Turkman qoʻltiqlari, Krasnovodsk, Darja, Cheleken yarim orollari va kum tillari bor. Dengiz sohili past, qumli. T. janubida Kopetdogʻ togʻlari (eng baland joyi 2942 m – Rizo choʻqqisi), undan shimoli-gʻarbda Kichik Bolxon (777 m gacha) va Katta Bolxon (1881 m gacha) togʻlari joylashgan. Janubi-sharqdagi Bodxiz qirlari (eng baland joyi 1267 m) va Qorabel qirlari (eng baland joyi 984 m) oʻrtasidan Murgʻob daryosi oqib oʻtadi. Chekka janubi-sharqda Hisor tizmasining Koʻhitang tarmogʻi (bal. 3139 m – T.ning eng baland nuktasi) bor. T.ning gʻarbida Krasnovodsk platosi, shimoli-gʻarbida Ustyurt platosining janubiy chekkasi, undan janubida esa Orqa Oʻzboʻy burmali rayoni yotadi. Kaspiy boʻyi pasttekisligida Nebitdogʻ (39 m), Boyadogʻ (134 m), Qumdogʻ, Manjuqli (27 m) va boshqa qirlar koʻtarilib turadi. Kopetdogʻ tekisligidan shimoliy va shimoli-sharqda Qoraqum choʻli, Amudaryo va Tajan daryolari oraligʻida Janubi-Sharqiy Qorakum choʻli joylashgan. T.ning janubiy qismida tez-tez zilzila boʻlib turadi. Muhim qazilma boyliklari – neft va gaz; kumir, mirabalit, oltingugurt, kora va rangli metall, mis, alyuminiy, simob, molibden konlari aniklangan. </p><p>Iqlimi keskin kontinental, qurgʻoqchil iqlim. Yozi issiq va quruq, qishi yumshoq, qor kam yogʻadi. Yanvarning oʻrtacha temperaturasi shimoli-sharqda —5° dan Atrek daryosi atrofida 4° gacha, baʼzi yillarda Toshhovuz viloyatida absolyut minimal temperatura —32° gacha. Iyulda shimoliy sharqda 28°, janubida 32°, absolyut maksimal temperatura 49,9° gacha. T. hududining 80 %da doimiy oqar suv yoʻq; janubiy va sharqiy hududlardagina daryolar bor. Eng katta va sersuv dare – Amudaryo. Bu daryoning suvi Qoraqum kanali orqali Bahardengacha borgan —900 km. Koʻllarning aksariyati shoʻr. Chuchuk suvli Yasxan koʻli Nebitdog shahrini ichimlik suv bilan taʼminlaydi. Tuproqlari – Ustyurt, Krasnovodsk, Orka Unguz platolarida surqoʻngʻir, togʻ etaklari, togʻ yon bagʻirlarining quyi qismida, togʻ oldi tekisliklarida, togʻlarning quyi mintaqasida boʻz tuproq, yuqorirokda toʻq boʻz, togʻ tepalarida togʻqoʻngʻir tuproqlar tarqalgan. Qoraqum choʻlining aksariyatini qum egallagan; pastqam joylarda taqir, shoʻrxok, daryo vodiylarida oʻtloqiboʻz va allyuvialoʻtloqi tuproklar bor. T. hududining taxminan 2 % sugʻoriladi. T.ning oʻsimlik va hayvonot dunyosi xilmaxil. Qumli choʻllarda oq va qora saksovul, qandim, cherkez, quyonsuyak, astragal kabi butalar, shoʻrxok yerlarda yulgʻun, sarisazan, shoxilak va boshqa, daryo vodiylaridagi toʻqaylarda bachki teraktol va jiydazorlar, Kopetdogʻ oldi choʻllarida va qirlarda shuvoq va har xil efemer oʻtlar, togʻlarning 1500 m dan yuqori qismida archa, Gʻarbiy Kopetdogʻ daralarida yovvoyi tok, olma, olcha, bodom, anor, yongʻoq, anjir, pista daraxtlari oʻsadi. Hayvonot dunyosi – choʻlda quyon, boʻri, tulki, chiyaboʻri, jayran, togʻlarda qoplon, arxar, morxoʻr, Amudaryo vodiysida toʻngʻiz, kiyik, qirgʻovul va boshqa yashaydi. Daryo va suv omborlarida baliq koʻp. T. hududida Badxiz, Krasnovodsk, Repetek va boshqa qoʻriqxonalar bor. </p><p>Aholisining aksariyati turkmanlar; shuningdek, rus, uzbek, qozoq, tatar, ukrain, armanlar ham yashaydi. Shahar aholisi 45 %. Rasmiy til – turkman tili. Dindorlari, asosan, sunniy musulmonlar. Yirik shaharlari: Ashxobod, Turkmanobod, Toshhovuz, Mari, Turkmanboshi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarixi">Tarixi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tarixi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Tarixi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkmaniston hududi qadimda <a href="/wiki/Ahamoniylar" title="Ahamoniylar">Axomaniylar</a> davlati, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr" title="Aleksandr">Iskandar Maqduniy</a> istilosidan soʻng vujudga kelgan <a href="/wiki/Salavkiylar" title="Salavkiylar">Salavkiylar</a> davlati, <a href="/wiki/Parfiya" title="Parfiya">Parfiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunon-Baqtriya_podsholigi" title="Yunon-Baqtriya podsholigi">Yunon-Baqtriya</a> podsholigi, <a href="/wiki/Eftaliylar" title="Eftaliylar">Eftaliylar</a>, Turk xoqonligi, <a href="/wiki/Arab_xalifaligi" title="Arab xalifaligi">Arab xalifaligi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tohiriylar_davlati" title="Tohiriylar davlati">Tohiriylar</a> davlati, <a href="/wiki/Somoniylar_davlati" title="Somoniylar davlati">Somoniylar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saljuqiylar_imperiyasi" title="Saljuqiylar imperiyasi">Saljuqiylar</a> davlati, <a href="/wiki/Xorazmshohlar_davlati" title="Xorazmshohlar davlati">Xorazmshohlar davlati</a>, Moʻgʻullar davlati tarkibida boʻlgan. 14-asrning 70—80-yillaridan Turkmaniston hududi Temuriylar tasarrufiga oʻtgan. 16-asr oxiri – 17-asrda Xiva va Buxoro xonliklariga qaram boʻldi, bir qismi Eron tarkibiga oʻtib qoldi. 1869—85 yillarda Turkmaniston hududini Rossiya bosib oddi. 1917-yil noyabr —dekabrda sovet hokimiyati oʻrnatildi, 1918-yil 30-aprelda Turkiston muxtor sovet sotsialistik respublikasi tashkil etilgach, Turkmanistonning asosiy qismi (Kaspiyorti viloyati, 1921-yil avgustdan Turkmaniston viloyati) uning tarkibiga kirdi. 1924-yil Oʻrta Osiyoda „milliy davlat chegaralanishi“ deb atalgan boʻlib tashlash siyosati natijasida 1924-yil 27-oktabrda Turkmaniston SSR tashkil topdi va SSSR tarkibiga kiritildi. Shundan keyingi yillarda turkman xalqi KPSSning qishloq xoʻjaligini jamoalashtirish, mamlakatni industriyalash siyosati va qatagʻonlar azob-uqubatlarini tortdi. 1991-yil oktabrda Mustaqillik haqida deklaratsiya qabul qilindi, mamlakat Turkmaniston deb atala boshladi. Turkmaniston —1992-yildan BMT aʼzosi, 1993-yil 7-yanvarda Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi suverenitetini tan olgan va diplomatik munosabatlar oʻrnatgan. Milliy bayrami – 27-oktabr – Mustaqillik kuni (1991). </p><p>Siyosiy partiyasi. Rasmiy ravishda 1 partiya roʻyxatga olingan: Turkmaniston demokratik partiyasi (sobiq Kommunistik partiya negizida 1991-yil tuzilgan). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xoʻjaligi"><span id="Xo.CA.BBjaligi"></span>Xoʻjaligi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Xoʻjaligi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Xoʻjaligi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Turkmen_man_with_camel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Turkmen_man_with_camel.jpg/250px-Turkmen_man_with_camel.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Turkmen_man_with_camel.jpg/375px-Turkmen_man_with_camel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Turkmen_man_with_camel.jpg/500px-Turkmen_man_with_camel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3205" data-file-height="2647" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Turkmaniston – agrar industrial mamlakat. Milliy daromad tarkibida sanoatning ulushi 50 %, qishloq xoʻjaligi.niki 18 %, xizmat koʻrsatish sohasiniki 32 %. </p><p>Sanoatining yetakchi tarmoklari: gaz va neft qazib chiqarish, energetika, kimyo, mashinasozlik, yengil (qishloq xoʻjaligi. xom ashyosini qayta ishlash), oziq-ovqat (yogʻmoy, vinochilik), binokorlik materiallari sanoati. Buzmayin GRES, Turkmanboshi, Nebitdogʻ, Turkmanobod, Mari, Gugurtdogʻda issiqlik elektr styalari barpo etilgan. Yiliga oʻrtacha 10,5 mlrd. kVt soat elektr energiya hosil qilinadi. Neft qazib chiqarish va uni qayta ishlash T.ning gʻarbiy rnlarida olib boriladi, Cheleken gʻarbida dengiz tubidan neft qazib olinadi. Asosiy gaz konlari: Gazoʻchoq, Naip, Shatlik, Gugurtdog va boshqa Neftni kayta ishlash tarmogʻida benzin, kerosin, dizel yonilgʻisi, mazut, bitum, elektrodli koks, kir yuvish vositalari, kimyo sanoatida natriy sulfat, yod, brom, oltingugurt, mineral oʻgʻit, oltingugurt kislotasi, superfosfat, ftorli alyuminiy ishlab chikariladi, mashinasozlik va metallsozlik korxonalarida teplovoz va avtomobillar taʼmirlanadi, markazdan qochirma neft nasoslari, kultivator, elektr kabeli, gaz plitalari, oziq-ovqat sanoati uchun uskunalar ishlab chiqariladi. Yengil sanoat paxta, jun, pillani dastlabki qayta ishlash, ip gazlama, jun va ipak gazlama, trikotaj ishlab chiqarish., qorakoʻl oshlash, pillakashlik, tikuvchilik, koʻnchilik, poyabzal korxonalaridan iborat. Yogochsozlik, poligrafiya, shisha sanoati ham muhim oʻrin oladi. Asosiy sanoat markazlari: Ashxobod, Toshhovuz, Turkmanobod, Mari, Turkmanboshi, Nebitdogʻ, Bayramali va boshqa </p><p>Qishloq xoʻjaligining yetakchi tarmogʻi – dehqonchilik. Unda paxtachilik asosiy oʻrin egallaydi. Vohalarda va togʻ yon bagʻirlarida yetishtiriladi (asosan, ingichka tolali paxta). Donli ekinlardan bugʻdoy, arpa, sholi, oq joʻxori va makkajoʻxori, yemxashak ekinlari, poliz ekinlaridan qovun, tarvuz yetishtiriladi. Bogʻ va tokzorlar bor. Atrek daryosi va uning irmoqlari boʻylarida subtropik ekinzorlar (anor, zaytun, anjir, bodomzorlar) bor. Chorvachilik qishloq xoʻjaligi.ning muhim tarmogʻi hisoblanadi. Togʻli joylarda qoramol, qoʻy, echki, yilqi boqiladi, tekisliklarda qorakoʻlchilik va tuyachilik, Turkmanobod, Ashxobod, Mari viloyatlarida pillachilik, suv havzalarida baliq xoʻjaligi rivojlangan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transporti">Transporti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Transporti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Transporti"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Transport yoʻli uzunligi 2,12 ming km, umumiy foydalanishdagi avtomobil yoʻllari uzunligi 13,6 ming km, jumladan, qattiq qoplamali yoʻllar uz. 11,6 ming km. Asosiy dengiz porti – Turkmanboshi. Turkmanboshi – Boku, Bekdash – Boku yoʻnalishi boʻyicha temir yoʻlli dengiz paromi mavjud. Amudaryo va Qoraqum kanalida kema katnaydi. Truboprovod transporti mavjud. Neft va gaz quvurlari, jumladan, Vishka – Turkmanboshi, Cheleken – Turkmanboshi neft quvurlari mavjud. T. chetga tabiiy gaz, neft va neft mahsulotalari, paxta, mineral oʻgʻit va boshqa chiqaradi. Chetdan mashina va uskunalar, kora metallar, transport vositalari, kiyimkechak, poyabzal, don, kandshakar oladi. Rossiya, Ukraina, Oʻrta Osiyo mamlakatlari va Qozogʻiston bilan savdo qiladi. T.ning Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi bilan tashki savdo aylanmasi 2003-yilda 2002-yilga nisbatan 17,3 % ortdi va Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining tashki savdosidagi ulushining 1,3 % ni tashkil etdi. Pul birligi – manat hisoblanadi </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tibbiy_xizmati">Tibbiy xizmati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tibbiy xizmati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Tibbiy xizmati"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Davlatga karashli tibbiyot muassasalari bilan bir qatorda xususiy shifoxonalar ham bor. Vrachlar Ashxobod tibbiyot institutida tayyorlanadi. Mashhur kurortlari: Bayramali, Feruza iqlimiy, Archman balneologiya va Mullaqora balchiq bilan davolash sanatoriylari. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maorifi,_ilmiy_va_madaniymaʼrifiy_muassasalari"><span id="Maorifi.2C_ilmiy_va_madaniyma.CA.BCrifiy_muassasalari"></span>Maorifi, ilmiy va madaniymaʼrifiy muassasalari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Maorifi, ilmiy va madaniymaʼrifiy muassasalari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Maorifi, ilmiy va madaniymaʼrifiy muassasalari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maorifi boshlangʻich, toʻliqsiz oʻrta va umumiy oʻrta taʼlim maktablaridan iborat. Oʻrta maxsus taʼlim oʻquv yurtlari turli kasblarni oʻrgatadi. T.da bir qancha oliy oʻquv yurti, jumladan, Ashxobodda T. universiteta, politexnika, qishloq xoʻjaligi., pedagog, sanʼat, tibbiyot, xalq xoʻjaligi va boshqa institutlar, Turkmanobodda pedagogika instituti mavjud.institutlar uning tarkibidagi institutlardan tashqari Sil kasalliklari instituti, Koʻz kasalliklari instituti, Nevrologiya va fizioterapiya instituti, Radiologiya va rentgenologiya instituti, Onkologiya instituti, Chorvachilik va veterinariya instituti, Tuproqshunoslik instituti va boshqa ilmiy muassasalarda olib boriladi. T.da T. davlat kutubxonasi bir qancha teatr, sirk, 15 davlat muzeyi, shu jumladan, Ashxobodda T. tarixi muzeyi, tasviriy sanʼat muzeyi, „Nisa“ tarixiymadaniy qoʻriqxona va boshqa madaniymaʼrifiy muassasalar mavjud. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Matbuoti,_radioeshittirishi,_telekoʻrsatuvi"><span id="Matbuoti.2C_radioeshittirishi.2C_teleko.CA.BBrsatuvi"></span>Matbuoti, radioeshittirishi, telekoʻrsatuvi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Matbuoti, radioeshittirishi, telekoʻrsatuvi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Matbuoti, radioeshittirishi, telekoʻrsatuvi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>T.da 20 ta gaz. va jurnali, jumladan, rus tilida „Neytralnoʻy Turkmenistan“ („Betaraf Turkmaniston“), turkman tilida „Turkmenistan“ gaz.lari nashr etiladi. T.davlat axborot agentligi (TURKMANPRESS), T. milliy teleradiokompaniya faoliyat yuritadi. T.da muntazam radioeshittirish 1927-yildan, televizion koʻrsatuvlar 1959-yil noyabrdan boshlangan. </p><p>Adabiyoti xalq ogʻzaki ijodiyotidan boshlangan. Oʻrta Osiyo xalklarining mushtarak asari boʻlmish „Kitobi dadam Qurqut“ oʻgʻuz elati hayotini tasvirlaydi. „Shohsanamgʻarib“, „Sayot va Hamro“, „Goʻroʻgʻli“, „Layli va Majnun“, „Yusuf va Zulayho“ kabi dostonlarning turkman variantlari keng tarqalgan. 18-asrda turkman shoirlari nazm tilini xalq tiliga yaqinlashtirdilar. Mahtumquli adabiyetda yangi yoʻnalishni boshlab berdi. 18-asr oxiri – 19-asr boshlarida Durdi Shoir, Saidiy, Ziloliy, Misqinqilich, Andalib, Shaydoiy, Ozodiy, Gʻoyibiy, Kamina turkman adabiyoti rivojiga katta hissa qoʻshdilar. 19-asrda yashab ijod etgan turkman shoirlari ijodida lirika yetakchi janr boʻldi. Asl muhabbatni madh etuvchi „Zuhro va Tohir“ dostonining muallifi Mullanafas turkman adabiyotidagi lirika janrining yorqin namoyandasidir. </p><p>20-asr 20-yillarida badiiy nasrchilik rivojlana boshladi. Shoir va yozuvchilardan Yoqub Nosirli, B. Kerboboyev, N. Sarixonov, A. Durdiyev, X. Deryayev, dramaturglardan A. Karliyev, B. Omonov va boshqa adiblar hikoya, qissa, roman va pyesalarida xalq hayoti, quvonch va tashvishlarini haqqoniy tasvirlashga intildilar. 1934-yil T. yozuvchilar uyushmasi tashkil etildi. 1928-yildan yozuvchilarning oylik adabiybadiiy jurnali nashr etila boshladi. Ikkinchi jahon urushi yillari turkman adiblari bosqinchilarga qarshi xalq nafratini ifodalovchi nazmiy va nasriy asarlar yaratdilar. Jumladan, Yo. Nosirlining „Leytenantning oʻlimi“, P. Nurberdiyevning „Vatanparvar chol“ dostonlari, K,. Seytliyevning sheʼrlari, D. Xoldurdining „Oqxalatli qiz“ dostoni va boshqa asarlarda urush va turkman xalqining front orqasidagi fidoiyligi oʻz aksini topgan. Urushdan keyingi turkman adabiyotida tinchlik uchun kurash, odamlar oʻrtasidagi munosabat asosiy mavzu boʻldi. 50-yillarda A. Otajonov, M. Saidov, K. Qurbonnapasov, A. Xaydov va boshqa adabiyotga kirib keldilar. 60—70-yillardan yirik nasriy asarlar adabiyetda yetakchi oʻrin egalladi. Qilich Quliyevning „Qora karvon“, Beki Seytoqovning „Birodarlar“, X. Deryayevning „Qismat“ romanlari va boshqa yaratiddi. B. Kerboboyev, X. Ismoilov, M. Garriyev, K. Tangriquliyev, A. Boymurodovlar bolalar adabiyetiga qiziqarli asarlari bilan hissa koʻshdilar. </p><p>20-asrning 2yarmida yirik nasriy asarlar adabiyetda yetakchi oʻrin egalladi. B. Xudoynazarov, A. Kurbonov, O. Okmamedov, Ya. Mametyev, T. Jumageldiyev va boshqa adiblarning romanlari bosilib chikdi. A. Murodov, U. Abdullayev, J. Allakov, R.Rajabovlar adabiyotshunoslik va adabiy tanqid sohasida barakali ijod qildilar. Boshqa xalqlar adiblari, jumladan, oʻzbek yozuvchilarining eng yaxshi asarlarini turkman tiliga tarjima qilishga katta ahamiyat berib kelindi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meʼmorligi_va_tasviriy_sanʼati"><span id="Me.CA.BCmorligi_va_tasviriy_san.CA.BCati"></span>Meʼmorligi va tasviriy sanʼati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Meʼmorligi va tasviriy sanʼati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Meʼmorligi va tasviriy sanʼati"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; width:99%;"> <div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Panorama_of_Ashgabat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Panorama_of_Ashgabat.jpg/1000px-Panorama_of_Ashgabat.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Panorama_of_Ashgabat.jpg/1500px-Panorama_of_Ashgabat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Panorama_of_Ashgabat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="398" /></a></span></div> </div></div> <p>Turkmaniston hududida qad. manzilgoxlar (Ashxobod yaqinidagi Jaytun va Passajiktepa) qoldiqlari saqlanib qolgan. Bundan tashkari, yirik qishloklarning qoddiqlarini ham uchratish mumkin (Namozgohtepa, Ulugʻtepa, Oltintepa). Turli davrlarda mustahkam devorlar bilan oʻralgan shaharlar (Marvdagi Erkqalʼa, Kaushut yaqinidagi Elkentepa) vujudga kelgan. Mil. 5— 7-asrlarda xom gʻisht va paxsadan qoʻrgʻonlar, 2 qavatli koʻshklar qurildi. 11 – 12-asrlarda shaharlarda masjid, Madrasa, karvonsaroy, timlar, maqbaralar, turar joy mahallalari barpo etildi (Abu Sayd maqbarasi, Abulfazl maqbarasi va boshqalar). Pishiq gʻishtdan mahobatli imoratlar qurilib, tomi gumbaz shaklida ishlana boshladi. 12-asrda binolarni bezashda bir tomoni sirlangan gʻisht va koshindan foydalanish rayem boʻldi. Maqbaralar oʻziga xos meʼmoriy shaklda bunyod etilgan. Marvdagi Sulton Sanjar matsbarasi, Koʻhna Urganchdagi Najmiddin Kubro maqbarasi, Faxriddin Roziy matsbarasi, Sulton Takash maqbarasi va boshqa sirkorlik va naqshkorlik usulida serhasham bezatilgan. Marvdan Xorazmga borish yoʻlidagi Oqchaqalʼa, Choshqalʼa, Doyaxotin karvonsaroyi ichki hovlisining 4 tomoni peshayvonli qilib qurilgan. 14—15-asrlarda Temuriylar davri meʼmorligiga xos mahobatli va peshtokli binolar qurila boshladi. 19-asr 2yarmida Krasnovodsk, Ashxobod, Chorjoʻy, Bayramali, Qizilarvot kabi yangi shaharlar paydo boʻldi. Ammo koʻchmanchi qabilalar hamon kigiz oʻtovda yashar edi. </p><p>20-asrning oʻrtalaridan turkman meʼmorlari uyjoy qurilishida issiq iklim sharoitini qisobga ola boshlagan boʻlsalar, 1948-yil Ashxobod zilzilasidan soʻng shaharsozlikning T. uchun alohida usullarini ishlab chiqdilar. 60—70-yillar meʼmorligida sodda shakllarga intilish kuchaydi, 70— 80-yillarda meʼmorlik bilan bezak sanʼatini birga qoʻshib, atrofdagi manzaraga moslashuv tamoyillari ustunlik qila boshladi (A. Ahmedov va F. Ahmedov rahbarligida ijodiy jamoalar loyihalagan „Ashxobod“ mehmonxonasi, „Ayna“ restorani, Davlat banki, Qurilish banki binolari). </p><p>Badiiy hunarmandlikda kulollik (8-asrdan qolipaki naqshlangan sirsiz sopol idishlar), badiiy toʻquv, zargarlik, gilamdoʻzlik rivojlangan. Ayniqsa, 18—20-asrlarda geometrik shaklli naqshlar bilan bezatilgan kizil, jigarrang, taka, salor, yovmut gilamlari badiiy kimmati bilan mashhur boʻlgan. </p><p>Zamonaviy tasviriy sanʼat T.da 19-asrning 2yarmida paydo boʻla boshladi. N. N. Karazin, K. S. Mishin, Nazar Yovmutiy turkmanlar turmushining ijtimoiy jihatlarini ifodalashga harakat qildilar. 20-asrning 20-yillarida „Sharq sanʼati zarbdor maktabi“ ochilgach, T.da professional badiiy taʼlim yoʻlga qoʻyildi. Shu maktabda tahsil olgan B. Nurali, S. N. Beklarov, keyinchalik ularning safiga qoʻshilgan Yu. P.Daneshvar, I. Klichev, A. Hojiyev, A. Quliyev, N. Xoʻjamuhamedov, A. va Ch. Omongeldiyevlar tasviriy sanʼatni rivojlantirishga muhim hissa qoʻshdilar. 20-asrning 2yarmida turkman badiiy sanʼatida grafika, dastgoh gravyurasi, natyurmort, avtoportret, teatr va kino bezakchiligi kabi janrlar rivoj topdi. </p><p>Istiklol yillari T. tasviriy sanʼatida milliylikka eʼtibor kuchaydi. Dastgoh rangtasviri, grafika, maxrbatli haykaltaroshlik rivojlandi. Keksa avlod vakillaridan I. Kdichev, A. Almamedov, shuningdek, Sh. Akmuhammedov, A. Muhammedov, Ya. Bayramov, J. Amandurdiyev, Ch. Amandurdiyev, G. Guseynov, A. Murodaliyev, K. Nurmurodov va boshqa samarali ijod qilmoqdalar. Chunonchi, Sh. Akmuhammedov ijodida oʻtmish bilan hozirgi kunning uzviy bogʻliqligini koʻrsatish, milliy estetik tamoyillarni ifodalash, Ya. Bayramov ijodida dadil novatorlik, atrof muhitni, umuman hayotni falsafiy talqin qilishga intilish seziladi. 1939-yil T. Rassomlar uyushmasi va 1994-yil Milliy Badiiy akademiya tashkil etilgan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musiqasi">Musiqasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Musiqasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Musiqasi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anʼanaviy shakllari qad. ironii elatlar musiqa ijodi hamda turkoʻgʻiz qabilalarining musiqa anʼanalari negizida qaror topgan. Parfiya poytaxti Niso, Margʻiyona poytaxti Marv, Saraxsdan topilgan arxeologik yodgorliklari islomgacha boʻlgan musiqa madaniyati (musiqa cholgʻulari) haqida tasavvur beradi. Saljuqiylar davlati davri (11—12-asrlar)da turkmanlarning musiqa madaniyati ravnaq topdi. Turkman xalq qoʻshikdari orasida dehqon jamoalari hayotiga xos mavsum marosim qoʻshiqlari („Yilan oyni“, „Chemche gelin“, „Ximmil“, „Xeshelle“ va boshqalar), shuningdek, oilaviy marosim va maishiy („Xushroy“, „Edemekrem“, „Oʻlan“, „Azadi“, „Chapak“, „Zikir“, „Xuvdi“, „Agi“) qoʻshiqlari, bayram va sayillarda ayollar ijro etadigan „Lyale“, „Mavrike“ kabi janrlar keng oʻrin olgan. Musiqa cholgʻulari orasida qad. xizlavuk, juljul, gopuz (changqoʻbiz) hamda puflama tuyduklar, doirasimon deprek, dutor va gʻijjaklar mavjud. Ayniqsa, turkman dutor kuylari (Qirqlar, Saltikdar, Muqamlar) shakli murakkabligi, nolalarga boyligi bilan ajralib turadi. Milliy professional musiqa yoʻllari turkman baxshi va sozandalar ijodida namoyon boʻladi. Baxshilar dutor (dutor va gʻijjak, baʼzida gargituyduklar) joʻrligida qahramonlik va ishqiy mavzudagi („Goʻroʻgʻli“, „Nejeb oʻgʻlon“, „Sayot va Hamro“, „Shohsanam va Gʻarib“ kabi) dostonlarni mahorat bilan, maxsus kuylash usullaridan keng foydalanib ijro etadilar. 1929-yil Ashxobodda badiiy texnikum musika boʻlimi bilan birga ochildi (1935-yildan musiqa bilim yurtiga aylantirilgan). Ilk turkman kompozitorlari A. Kuliyev, V. Muxatov, D. Ovezovlar yetishib chikdi. 1929-yil simfonik orkestr, 1934-yil xor, 1941-yil Opera va balet teatri tashkil etildi. 1941—45 yillarda „Zuhro va Tohir“, „Shohsanam va Gʻarib“ operalari, „Aldar koʻsa“ baleti yaratildi. Kompozitor A. Shaposhnikov bilan V. Muxatovning „Kamina va qozi“ hajviy operasi, M. Ravich bilan N. Muxatovning „Zoʻraki tabib“ baleti, A. Quliyev, A. Shaposhnikov, V. Ahmedovning orkestr uchun yozgan konsertlari 50—60-yillardagi turkman musiqasining yutugʻi boʻldi. 70—80ylarda turkman musiqasi uslubida yangi siljish sodir boʻldi. Kompozitorlardan Ch. Nurimov („Garmselning oʻlimi“, „Qoʻhitang fojiasi“ baletlari, simfonik konsertlari), N. Xolmamedov (vokal qoʻshiklari), A. Agajikov („Soʻna“ va „Taxdikali tun“ operalari, „Feruza“ baleti), R. Ollayorov (oratoriya va simfoniyalari) yangi ifoda usullaridan foydalandilar. Ch. Ortiqov, D. Nuriyev kabi yosh kompozitorlar ijod kila boshladi. Ijrochilar orasida dirijyor X. Allanurov, xonandalardan A. Annaquliyeva, M. Quliyeva, M. Shaxberdiyeva, raqqos va raqqosalardan G. Musayeva, A. Pursiyanovlar mashhur. </p><p>Ashxobod va Toshhovuzda musiqali drama teatrlari, Ashxobodda Milliy konservatoriya, Ashxobod, Mari va Turkmanobodda musiqa va sanʼat bilim yurtlari, turli shaharlarda musiqa maktablari bor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teatri">Teatri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Teatri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Teatri"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1918-yildan havaskor teatr toʻgaraklari tuzila boshladi. 1926-yil dastlabki millim drama studiyasi tashkil etildi. Unda dramaturglar K. Burunov, A. Kaushutov, rejissor Yu. Alimzoda dare berdilar, Suray Murodova, A. Qulmamedov, K. Berdiyev, O. Durdiyeva, K. Qulmurodov va boshqa aktyorlar tahsil oldilar. 1929-yil shu studiya negizida turkman teatri (xoz. Mullanafas nomidagi drama teatri) barpo etildi. Unda B. Kerboboyevning „Yuksalish“, A. Karliyevning „Ayna“ pyesalari va chet el dramaturglarining asarlari sahnalashtiriddi. Mari, Karki, Qizilarvot va boshqa shaharlarda yangi teatrlar ochildi. 20-asrning 2yarmida turkman teatrlarida G. Muxtorov, K. Seytliyev, B. Omonov, Q. Quliyev, A. N Ostrovskiy, U.Shekspir pyesalari qoʻyildi. Teatr jamoalari orasida Ashxoboddagi yosh tomoshabinlar teatri, Maridagi Kamina nomli drama teatri, Turkmanoboddagi musikali drama teatri, sanʼat arboblaridan B. Omonov, A. Durdiyev, M. Cherkezov, M. Kirillov, S. Otayeva, T. Gʻafurova, N. Suyunova, M. Aymedovalar mashhur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kinosi">Kinosi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Kinosi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Kinosi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1926-yil kinofabrika tashkil etildi, keyinchalik u „Turkmanfilm“ga aylantirildi (hozirgi A. Karliyev nomidagi kinostudiya). Shu yerda dastlabki hujjatli filmlar – „Oq oltin“ (1929, rejissor A. Vladichuk), „Choʻlda birinchi“ (1932, rejissor M. Bistritskiy), „Misli koʻrilmagan voqea“ (1936) yaratildi. Dastlabki badiiy filmlar – „Unutib boʻlmaydi“ (1931, rejissor D. Poznanskiy), „Yetti yurak“ (1935, rejissor N. I. Tixonov), „Men qaytaman“ (1935, rejissor A. Ledashchev), „Dursun“ (1940, rejissor Ye. IvanovBarkov) ekranga chiqarildi. 40—50-yillarda yaratilgan filmlar („Olisdagi kelin“, „Keksa Ashirning hiylasi“, „Oila nomusi“, „Birinchi imtihon“) muvaffaqiyat qozonmadi va tanqidga uchradi. 60-yillarda voya ga yetgan X. Narliyev, K. Yazxonov, M. Qurbonklichev, Ya. Saidov, M. Suyunxonov kabi yosh rejissorlarning ijodi kinematografiyani jonlantirdi. B. B. Mansurovning „Musobaqa“ filmi (1964) goyaviy yetukligi, ifoda vositasining taʼsirchanligi bilan ajralib turadi. Unda murakkab insoniy muammolar tarixiy voqealar asosida hal etilgan boʻlsa, oʻsha rejissorning „Chanqovni bosish“ filmida (1967) mazkur muammolar zamonaviy voqeliqda ifodalab berilgan. „Mahtumquli“ (1968) va „Maqom sirlari“ (1974) filmlari tarixiy shaxslarga bagʻishlangan. X. Narliyevning „Qoraqum, soyada 45°“ (1983) filmida gazchilarning hayoti tasvirlangan. Yosh rejissor X. Kakaboyevning „Otam qaytsinchi, kurasan“, X. Narliyevning „Jamol daraxti“ filmlari turkman kinematografiyasining soʻnggi yillardagi yutuqla]ei jumlasiga kiradi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oʻzbekiston_–_Turkmaniston_adabiy_va_madaniy_aloqalari"><span id="O.CA.BBzbekiston_.E2.80.93_Turkmaniston_adabiy_va_madaniy_aloqalari"></span>Oʻzbekiston – Turkmaniston adabiy va madaniy aloqalari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Oʻzbekiston – Turkmaniston adabiy va madaniy aloqalari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Oʻzbekiston – Turkmaniston adabiy va madaniy aloqalari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oʻzbek va turkman xalqlari azaldan iqtisodiy, madaniy va adabiy aloqada boʻlib kelganlar. Alisher Navoiyni turkman xalqi Mir Ali nomi bilan tanigan, uning asarlari shoir hayot chogʻidayoq turkmanlar orasida mashhur boʻlgan. Navoiy gʻazallarini turkman baxshilari hozirgi kungacha ham kuylab keladilar. Xiva madrasalarida tahsil olgan turkman mumtoz shoirlari Ozodiy, Mahtumquli, Andalib Navoiyni oʻzlariga ustoz deb bilganlar. Ayni paytda Mahtumqulining sheʼrlarini bilmagan va kuylamagan oʻzbek xrfizi yoʻq desa boʻladi. Andalib oʻzining „Layli va Majnun“, „Yusuf va Zulayho“ dostonlarini Navoiy va Durbek asarlaridan taʼsirlanib yozgan. </p><p>Mahtumqulining tanlangan sheʼrlar toʻplami oʻzbek tilida bir necha marta nashr etildi. Gʻafur Gʻulom va Berdi Kerboboyev, Abdulla Qahhor va Beki Seytoqov, Zulfiya va Tovshan Esanova, Asqad Muxtor va Qora Seytliyev kabi oʻzbek va turkman yozuvchishoirlari oʻrtasidagi doʻstlik adabiy aloqalar tarixida muhim oʻrin egallaydi. B. Kerboboyevning „Dadil qadam“, „Oysulton“, „Nebitdogʻ“ romanlari, X. Deryayevning „Qismat“ romanepopeyasi, Mullanafas, Andalib, Kamina, B. Kerboboyev sheʼrlari, Ota Kavshutovning „Nebitdogʻ etaklarida“ romani, Q. Quliyevning „Qora karvon“ romani, T. Togʻanovning „Durlar xazinasi“ qissasi va boshqa asarlar oʻzbek tiliga tarjima qilingan. Turkman dramaturgiyasining „Mahtumquli“ (B. Kerboboyev), „Oila nomusi“, „Kim aybdor?“ (X. Mutalov) singari namunalari oʻzbek teatrlarida sahnalashtirilgan. Oʻz navbatida, H.X,.Niyoziyning „Boy ila xizmatchi“, A. Qaxdorning „Shohi suzana“, B. Rahmonovning „Yurak sirlari“, Sayd Ahmadning „Kelinlar qUzgʻoloni“ pyesalari turkman teatrlarida namoyish qilindi. Turkman adiblarining (B. Kerboboyev, J. Orazov, B. Seytokrv, O. Otajonov va boshqalar) Oʻzbekiston, oʻzbek shoir va adiblarining (Gʻ.Gʻulom, Shayxzoda, Mirtemir) Turkmaniston mavzuidagi asarlari muhim. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Havolalar">Havolalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Havolalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Havolalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sayokhat.wordpress.com/">Sayoxat znachit puteshestvie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> saytida 2007-10-16 sanasida <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016230530/http://sayokhat.wordpress.com/">arxivlangan</a>) – Fotografii Turkmenistana, Uzbekistana, Kazaxstana</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4048111">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Osiyo_davlatlari" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4048093">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-koʻrish"><a href="/wiki/Andoza:Osiyo_davlatlari" title="Andoza:Osiyo davlatlari"><abbr title="Bu andozani koʻrish" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">k</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-munozara"><a href="/wiki/Andoza_munozarasi:Osiyo_davlatlari" title="Andoza munozarasi:Osiyo davlatlari"><abbr title="Bu andozani muhokama qilish" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">m</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-tahrirlash"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Osiyo_davlatlari" title="Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Osiyo davlatlari"><abbr title="Bu andozani tahrirlash" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Osiyo_davlatlari" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Osiyo" title="Osiyo">Osiyo</a> <a href="/wiki/Osiyo_davlatlari_ro%CA%BByxati" title="Osiyo davlatlari roʻyxati">davlatlari</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afg%CA%BBoniston" title="Afgʻoniston">Afgʻoniston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armaniston" title="Armaniston">Armaniston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrayn" title="Bahrayn">Bahrayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birlashgan_Arab_Amirliklari" title="Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari">Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruney" title="Bruney">Bruney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butan" title="Butan">Butan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eron" title="Eron">Eron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurjiston" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurjiston">Gurjiston</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindiston" title="Hindiston">Hindiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoneziya" title="Indoneziya">Indoneziya</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iordaniya" title="Iordaniya">Iordaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroq" title="Iroq">Iroq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isroil" title="Isroil">Isroil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja">Kambodja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreya_Respublikasi" title="Koreya Respublikasi">Janubiy Koreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreya_Xalq_Demokratik_Respublikasi" title="Koreya Xalq Demokratik Respublikasi">Shimoliy Koreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livan" title="Livan">Livan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayziya" title="Malayziya">Malayziya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivalar" class="mw-redirect" title="Maldivalar">Maldivalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misr" title="Misr">Misr</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo%CA%BBg%CA%BBuliston" class="mw-redirect" title="Moʻgʻuliston">Moʻgʻuliston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanma" title="Myanma">Myanma</a> * <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozarbayjon" title="Ozarbayjon">Ozarbayjon</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston" title="Oʻzbekiston">Oʻzbekiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokiston" title="Pokiston">Pokiston</a> * <a href="/wiki/Filippin" title="Filippin">Filippin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qibris_Respublikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibris Respublikasi">Qibris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qirg%CA%BBiziston" title="Qirgʻiziston">Qirgʻiziston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qozog%CA%BBiston" title="Qozogʻiston">Qozogʻiston</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quvayt" class="mw-redirect" title="Quvayt">Quvayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya">Rossiya</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudiya_Arabistoni" title="Saudiya Arabistoni">Saudiya Arabistoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharqiy_Timor" title="Sharqiy Timor">Sharqiy Timor</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri-Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri-Lanka">Shri-Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriya" title="Suriya">Suriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailand" title="Tailand">Tailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tojikiston" title="Tojikiston">Tojikiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya">Turkiya</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkmaniston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ummon_Sultonligi" title="Ummon Sultonligi">Ummon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyetnam" title="Vyetnam">Vyetnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xitoy_Respublikasi" title="Xitoy Respublikasi">Xitoy Respublikasi</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xitoy_Xalq_Respublikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi">Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya">Yaponiya</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Osiyo" title="Osiyo"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><sup style="font-size: 70%">1</sup> Qisman <a href="/wiki/Yevropa" title="Yevropa">Yevropada</a>.</li><li><sup style="font-size: 70%">2</sup> <a href="/wiki/Xitoy_Respublikasi" title="Xitoy Respublikasi">Xitoy Respublikasi (Tayvan)</a> <a href="/wiki/BMT" class="mw-redirect" title="BMT">BMT</a> tomonidan tan olinmagan.</li><li><sup style="font-size: 70%">3</sup> Qisman <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrikada</a>.</li><li><sup style="font-size: 70%">4</sup> Qisman <a href="/wiki/Okeaniya" title="Okeaniya">Okeaniyada</a>.</li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Osiyo" title="Turkum:Osiyo">Turkum</a></b></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048241"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Markaziy_Osiyo_mamlakatlari" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFCF6F;;background:#FFCF6F;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048093"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-koʻrish"><a href="/wiki/Andoza:Markaziy_Osiyo" title="Andoza:Markaziy Osiyo"><abbr title="Bu andozani koʻrish" style="background:#FFCF6F;;background:#FFCF6F;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">k</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-munozara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andoza_munozarasi:Markaziy_Osiyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andoza munozarasi:Markaziy Osiyo (sahifa yaratilmagan)"><abbr title="Bu andozani muhokama qilish" style="background:#FFCF6F;;background:#FFCF6F;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">m</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-tahrirlash"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Markaziy_Osiyo" title="Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Markaziy Osiyo"><abbr title="Bu andozani tahrirlash" style="background:#FFCF6F;;background:#FFCF6F;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Markaziy_Osiyo_mamlakatlari" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Markaziy_Osiyo" title="Markaziy Osiyo">Markaziy Osiyo</a> <a href="/wiki/Mamlakat" title="Mamlakat">mamlakatlari</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Afg%CA%BBoniston" title="Afgʻoniston">Afgʻoniston</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mo%CA%BBg%CA%BBuliston" class="mw-redirect" title="Moʻgʻuliston">Moʻgʻuliston</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tojikiston" title="Tojikiston">Tojikiston</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkmaniston</a> • <a href="/wiki/Xitoy" title="Xitoy">Xitoy</a> • <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston" title="Oʻzbekiston">Oʻzbekiston</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qozog%CA%BBiston" title="Qozogʻiston">Qozogʻiston</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qirg%CA%BBiziston" title="Qirgʻiziston">Qirgʻiziston</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048241"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kaspiy_dengizi_atrofidagi_davlatlar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#3EBFD6;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048093"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-koʻrish"><a href="/wiki/Andoza:Kaspiy_dengizining_atrofidagi_davlatlar" title="Andoza:Kaspiy dengizining atrofidagi davlatlar"><abbr title="Bu andozani koʻrish" style=";background:#3EBFD6;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">k</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-munozara"><a href="/wiki/Andoza_munozarasi:Kaspiy_dengizining_atrofidagi_davlatlar" title="Andoza munozarasi:Kaspiy dengizining atrofidagi davlatlar"><abbr title="Bu andozani muhokama qilish" style=";background:#3EBFD6;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">m</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-tahrirlash"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Kaspiy_dengizining_atrofidagi_davlatlar" title="Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Kaspiy dengizining atrofidagi davlatlar"><abbr title="Bu andozani tahrirlash" style=";background:#3EBFD6;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kaspiy_dengizi_atrofidagi_davlatlar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kaspiy_dengizi" title="Kaspiy dengizi">Kaspiy dengizi</a> atrofidagi <a href="/wiki/Davlatlar_ro%E2%80%98yxati" class="mw-redirect" title="Davlatlar ro‘yxati">davlatlar</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ozarbayjon bayrogʻi"><img alt="Ozarbayjon bayrogʻi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/25px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/38px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/50px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ozarbayjon" title="Ozarbayjon">Ozarbayjon</a></span>  <b>·</b>   <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eron bayrogʻi"><img alt="Eron bayrogʻi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/25px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/38px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/50px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Eron" title="Eron">Eron</a></span>   <b>·</b>   <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qozogʻiston bayrogʻi"><img alt="Qozogʻiston bayrogʻi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/25px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/38px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/50px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Qozog%CA%BBiston" title="Qozogʻiston">Qozogʻiston</a></span>  <b>·</b>   <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rossiya bayrogʻi"><img alt="Rossiya bayrogʻi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/25px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/38px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya">Rossiya</a></span>   <b>·</b>   <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkmaniston bayrogʻi"><img alt="Turkmaniston bayrogʻi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/25px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/38px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/50px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkmaniston</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3736688">.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style></p><table class="plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system" role="presentation" style="border: 1px dashed #f4c430; width: 65%; margin: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/40px-Enciklopedia_stub.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/60px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/80px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="538" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="font-style: italic;">Ushbu maqolada <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi" title="Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi">Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi</a> (2000-2005) maʼlumotlaridan foydalanilgan.</td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" align="center" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Stub_W.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stub ikona"><img alt="Stub ikona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/50px-Stub_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/75px-Stub_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/100px-Stub_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td><center><i>Ushbu maqola <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Chala_maqolalar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikipediya:Chala maqolalar">chaladir</a>. Siz uni <a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&action=edit">boyitib,</a> <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya" title="Vikipediya">Vikipediyaga</a> yordam berishingiz mumkin.</i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048093"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><ul><li class="nv-koʻrish"><a href="/wiki/Andoza:Stub" class="mw-redirect" title="Andoza:Stub"><abbr title="Bu andozani koʻrish">k</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-munozara"><a href="/wiki/Andoza_munozarasi:Stub" class="mw-redirect" title="Andoza munozarasi:Stub"><abbr title="Bu andozani muhokama qilish">m</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-tahrirlash"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Stub" title="Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Stub"><abbr title="Bu andozani tahrirlash">t</abbr></a></li></ul></div><br /><span style="font-style:normal;font-size:smaller">Bu andozani <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Andozalar/Chala_maqolalar" title="Vikipediya:Andozalar/Chala maqolalar">aniqrogʻiga</a> almashtirish kerak.</span></center></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""><pre>"<a dir="ltr" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&oldid=4844218">https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkmaniston&oldid=4844218</a>" dan olindi </pre></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:Categories" title="Maxsus:Categories">Turkum</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Osiyo_davlatlari" title="Turkum:Osiyo davlatlari">Osiyo davlatlari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Markaziy_Osiyo_mamlakatlari" title="Turkum:Markaziy Osiyo mamlakatlari">Markaziy Osiyo mamlakatlari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Kaspiy_davlatlari" title="Turkum:Kaspiy davlatlari">Kaspiy davlatlari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:O%CA%BBrta_Osiyo" title="Turkum:Oʻrta Osiyo">Oʻrta Osiyo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:BMT_a%CA%BCzolari" title="Turkum:BMT aʼzolari">BMT aʼzolari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Turkmaniston" title="Turkum:Turkmaniston">Turkmaniston</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Yashirin turkum: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Webarxiv_andozasi_wayback_havolalari" title="Turkum:Webarxiv andozasi wayback havolalari">Webarxiv andozasi wayback havolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:O%CA%BBzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi_maqolalari" title="Turkum:Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi maqolalari">Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Barcha_chala_maqolalar" title="Turkum:Barcha chala maqolalar">Barcha chala maqolalar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Chala_maqolalar" title="Turkum:Chala maqolalar">Chala maqolalar</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Bu sahifa oxirgi marta 2024-yil 30-avgust, 06:47 da tahrir qilingan.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Matn <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ru">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike litsenziyasi</a> boʻyicha ommalashtirilmoqda, alohida holatlarda qoʻshimcha shartlar amal qilishi mumkin (<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">batafsil</a>).</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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