Role and Relative Effectiveness of Immune System for Combating Small Pox and AIDS

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<article class="sixteen wide tablet eleven wide computer column main-record-content"> <section id="record-info" aria-label="Publication date and version number"> <div class="ui grid middle aligned"> <div class="two column row"> <div class="left floated left aligned column"> <span class="ui" title="Publication date"> Published August 3, 2014 </span> <span class="label text-muted"> | Version 9999323</span> </div> <div class="right floated right aligned column"> <span role="note" class="ui label horizontal small neutral mb-5" aria-label="Resource type" > Journal article </span> <span role="note" class="ui label horizontal small access-status open mb-5" data-tooltip="The record and files are publicly accessible." data-inverted="" aria-label="Access status" > <i class="icon unlock" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span aria-label="The record and files are publicly accessible."> Open </span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="ui divider hidden"></div><section id="record-title-section" aria-label="Record title and creators"> <h1 id="record-title" class="wrap-overflowing-text">Role and Relative Effectiveness of Immune System for Combating Small Pox and AIDS</h1> <section id="creatibutors" aria-label="Creators and contributors"> <div class="ui grid"> <div class="row ui accordion affiliations"> <div class="sixteen wide mobile twelve wide tablet thirteen wide computer column"> <h3 class="sr-only">Creators</h3> <ul class="creatibutors"> <li class="creatibutor-wrap separated"> <a class="ui creatibutor-link" href="/search?q=metadata.creators.person_or_org.name:%22A.+Taqaddas%22" > <span class="creatibutor-name">A. Taqaddas</span></a> <i class="user icon"></i> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> </section> <section id="description" class="rel-mt-2 rich-input-content" aria-label="Record description"> <h2 id="description-heading" class="sr-only">Description</h2> <div style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <p>The human body has a complex system of innate and adaptive mechanisms for combating infection. This article discusses the role and relative effectiveness of these mechanisms in relation to small pox and AIDS.</p> </div> </section> <section id="record-files" class="rel-mt-2 rel-mb-3" aria-label="Files" ><h2 id="files-heading">Files</h2> <div class="ui accordion panel mb-10 open" href="#files-preview-accordion-panel"> <h3 class="active title panel-heading open m-0"> <div role="button" id="files-preview-accordion-trigger" aria-controls="files-preview-accordion-panel" aria-expanded="true" tabindex="0" class="trigger" aria-label="File preview" > <span id="preview-file-title">9999323.pdf</span> <i class="angle right icon" aria-hidden="true"></i> </div> </h3> <div role="region" id="files-preview-accordion-panel" aria-labelledby="files-preview-accordion-trigger" class="active content preview-container pt-0 open" > <div> <iframe title="Preview" class="preview-iframe" id="preview-iframe" name="preview-iframe" src="/records/1095925/preview/9999323.pdf?include_deleted=0" > </iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ui accordion panel mb-10 open" href="#files-list-accordion-panel"> <h3 class="active title panel-heading open m-0"> <div role="button" id="files-list-accordion-trigger" aria-controls="files-list-accordion-panel" aria-expanded="true" tabindex="0" class="trigger"> Files <small class="text-muted"> (165.1 kB)</small> <i class="angle right icon" aria-hidden="true"></i> </div> </h3> <div role="region" id="files-list-accordion-panel" aria-labelledby="files-list-accordion-trigger" class="active content pt-0"> <div> <table class="ui striped table files fluid open"> <thead> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Size</th> <th class> <a role="button" class="ui compact mini button right floated archive-link" href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/1095925/files-archive"> <i class="file archive icon button" aria-hidden="true"></i> Download all </a> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="ten wide"> <div> <a href="/records/1095925/files/9999323.pdf?download=1">9999323.pdf</a> </div> <small class="ui text-muted font-tiny">md5:b0a278c29bdf948b1f8f94fef50b2ca2 <div class="ui icon inline-block" data-tooltip="This is the file fingerprint (checksum), which can be used to verify the file integrity."> <i class="question circle checksum icon"></i> </div> </small> </td> <td>165.1 kB</td> <td class="right aligned"> <span> <a role="button" class="ui compact mini button preview-link" href="/records/1095925/preview/9999323.pdf?include_deleted=0" target="preview-iframe" data-file-key="9999323.pdf"> <i class="eye icon" aria-hidden="true"></i>Preview </a> <a role="button" class="ui compact mini button" href="/records/1095925/files/9999323.pdf?download=1"> <i class="download icon" aria-hidden="true"></i>Download </a> </span> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="additional-details" class="rel-mt-2" aria-label="Additional record details"> <h2 id="record-details-heading">Additional details</h2> <div class="ui divider"></div> <div class="ui fluid accordion padded grid rel-mb-1"> <div class="active title sixteen wide mobile four wide tablet three wide computer column"> <h3 class="ui header"> <div id="references-accordion-trigger" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="references-panel" class="trigger" > <i class="caret right icon" aria-hidden="true"></i>References </div> </h3> </div> <div id="references-panel" role="region" aria-labelledby="references-accordion-trigger" class="active content sixteen wide mobile twelve wide tablet thirteen wide computer column" > <ul class="ui bulleted list details-list"> <li class="item">J. 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Karupiah, (2006) "Obligatory Rquirement for Antibody in Recovery from a Primary Poxvirus Infection", Journal of Virology, 80, 2006, 6339-6344.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ui divider"></div> </section> <section id="citations-search" data-record-pids='{"doi": {"client": "datacite", "identifier": "10.5281/zenodo.1095925", "provider": "datacite"}, "oai": {"identifier": "oai:zenodo.org:1095925", "provider": "oai"}}' data-record-parent-pids='{"doi": {"client": "datacite", "identifier": "10.5281/zenodo.1095924", "provider": "datacite"}}' data-citations-endpoint="https://zenodo-broker.web.cern.ch/api/relationships" aria-label="Record citations" class="rel-mb-1" > </section> </article> <aside class="sixteen wide tablet five wide computer column sidebar" aria-label="Record details"> <section id="metrics" aria-label="Metrics" class="ui segment rdm-sidebar sidebar-container"> <div class="ui tiny two statistics rel-mt-1"> <div class="ui statistic"> <div class="value">118</div> <div 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Mcleod, G. Borkowsky, C. Farthing, and D. Ho, \"Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syndrome\", Journal of Virology, 68: 1994, 4650\u20135.\n[49]\tV. Piguet, and D. Trono, \"Living in oblivion: HIV immune evasion\", Seminars in Immunology, 13, 2001, 51-57.\n[50]\tB. Bettinger, \"Are you Immune to HIV and Small Pox\", The Genetic Genealogist, 2007. Available online: http://www.thegeneticgenealogist.com/2007/03/29/are-you-immune-to-hiv-and-smallpox/. (Accessed 20/08/2014)\n[51]\tA. Galvni, and M. Slatkin, \"Evaluating Plague and small pox as historical selective pressures for CCR5 D32 HIV resistance allele\", PNAS, 100, 2003, 15276-15279.\n[52]\tD. Esteban, A. Nuara, and R. Buller R, \"Interleukin-18 and Glycosaminoglycan binding by a protein encoded by Variola virus\" Journal of General Virology, 85, 2004, 1291-1299.\n[53]\tA. Alejo, M. Ruiz-Arguello, Y. Ho, V. Smith, M. Saraiva, and A. Alcami, \"A Chemokine-binding domain in the tumor necrosis factor receptor from variola (Small pox) virus\", PNAS, 103, 2006, 5995-6000.\n[54]\tV. Panchanathan, G. Chaudhri, and G. Karupiah, \"Interferon function is not required for recovery from a secondary poxvirus infection\", PNAS, 102, 2005, 12921-12926.\n[55]\tL. Dunlop, K. Oehlberg, J. Reid, D. Avci , and A. Rosengard, \"Variola virus Immune evasion proteins\", Microbes and Infection, 5, 2003, 1049-1056.\n[56]\tK. Rubins, L. Hensley, P. Jahrling, A. Whitney, T. Geisbert, J. Huggins, et al., \"The host response to small pox: Analysis of the gene expression program in peripheral blood cells in a non human primate model\", 101, 2004, 15190-15195.\n[57]\tG. Chaudhri, V. Panchanathan, H. Bluethmann, and G. 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Taqaddas", "name": "A. Taqaddas", "type": "personal"}}], "description": "\u003cp\u003eThe human body has a complex system of innate and adaptive mechanisms for combating infection. This article discusses the role and relative effectiveness of these mechanisms in relation to small pox and AIDS.\u003c/p\u003e", "languages": [{"id": "eng", "title": {"en": "English"}}], "publication_date": "2014-08-03", "publisher": "Zenodo", "references": [{"reference": "J. Carter, and V. Saunders, Virology Principles and Applications, Chichester: John Wiley \u0026 Sons Ltd, 2007."}, {"reference": "C. Hare, \"Clinical Overview of HIV disease\", Available at: http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=kb-03-01-01#S6.3X. (Accessed 19/08/2014)."}, {"reference": "J. Levy, J. Shimabukuro, T. McHugh, C. Casavant, D. Stites, and L. Oshiro, \"AIDS-associated retroviruses (ARV) can productively infect other cells besides human T-helper cells\", Virology, 147:1985, 441"}, {"reference": "M. Pope M, S. Gezelter, N. Gallo, L. Hoffman, and R. Steinman, \"Low levels of HIV-1 infection in cutaneous dendritic cells promote extensive viral replication upon binding to memory CD4_ T cells\", The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 182:1995, 2045-56"}, {"reference": "D. Kimbrell, and B. Beutler, \"The Evolution and Genetics of Innate Immunity\", Nature Reviews Genetics, 2, 2001,256-267."}, {"reference": "M. Tosi, \"Immune Responses to Infection\", Current Reviews of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 116, 2005, 241-249. Available at:http://www.congrexswitzerland.com/2006/escmidschool2006/pdf/edu_mat_2006_20.pdf. (Accessed 19/08/2014)."}, {"reference": "B. Doehle, and M. Gale, Innate Immune Evasion Strategies of HCV and HIV: Common Themes for Chronic viral Infection In Nucleic Acid Sensors and Antiviral Immunity. Available at: http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK82973/. (Accessed 19/08/2014)."}, {"reference": "M. Quaranata, B. Mattioli, and S. 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Levy, \"Natural Type 1 Interferon Producing Cells in HIV Infection\", Human Immunology, 63, 2002, 1206-1212.\n[19]\tC. Biron C, \"Activation and function of natural killer cell responses during viral infections\", Current Opinion in Immunology, 9, 1997, 24-34\n[20]\tK. Hiroishi K, T. Tuting, and M. Lotz, \"IFN-alpha-expressing tumor cells enhance generation and promote survival of tumor-specific CTLs\", Journal of Immunology, 164:2000, 567-572.\n[21]\tP. Marrack P, J. Kappler, and T. Mitchell, \"Type I interferons keep activated T cells alive\", The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 189, 1999, 21-530\n[22]\tS. Sun, X. Zhang, D. Tough, and J. Sprent, \"Type I interferon-mediated stimulation of T cells by CpG DNA\", The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 188, 1998, 2335-2342.\n[23]\tV. Soumelis, I. Scott, F. Gheyas, D. Bouhour, G. Cozon, L. Cotte, L. Huang, J. Levy, and Y. 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Alcami, \"A Chemokine-binding domain in the tumor necrosis factor receptor from variola (Small pox) virus\", PNAS, 103, 2006, 5995-6000.\n[54]\tV. Panchanathan, G. Chaudhri, and G. Karupiah, \"Interferon function is not required for recovery from a secondary poxvirus infection\", PNAS, 102, 2005, 12921-12926.\n[55]\tL. Dunlop, K. Oehlberg, J. Reid, D. Avci , and A. Rosengard, \"Variola virus Immune evasion proteins\", Microbes and Infection, 5, 2003, 1049-1056.\n[56]\tK. Rubins, L. Hensley, P. Jahrling, A. Whitney, T. Geisbert, J. Huggins, et al., \"The host response to small pox: Analysis of the gene expression program in peripheral blood cells in a non human primate model\", 101, 2004, 15190-15195.\n[57]\tG. Chaudhri, V. Panchanathan, H. Bluethmann, and G. 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Role and Relative Effectiveness of Immune System for Combating Small Pox and AIDS