CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136e6cabf47409a',cH: 'aZZT2pufVdiAhlmAZeJzQmvN2dq_YfLlxVTHU9OifB0-1739807095-1.2.1.1-2E1p9d4IOHQAvRQ_rGJ9qXfMCq3WDil0T8qU9.63.ol6RVWXslpPKy71bZ9FRnto',cUPMDTk: "\/9998790\/json?__cf_chl_tk=T5BQX3yknBEO0dYufe1nAxTJARrRfufOoDIxi4aZSwg-1739807095-1.0.1.1-max7RuiVfGsouQZO5rnwyylw.bsISJLVfEBg3r11IVY",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739807095',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9998790\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=T5BQX3yknBEO0dYufe1nAxTJARrRfufOoDIxi4aZSwg-1739807095-1.0.1.1-max7RuiVfGsouQZO5rnwyylw.bsISJLVfEBg3r11IVY",md: "hHLZ1LLlKun8Lla_PconAsaYU59IA5BBjBQFoQagukw-1739807095-1.2.1.1-wKoEGRhXtIRpyuHr6cPmbJHyo9rPbT2KftsCUIEllqKj6Et6vhU5wq3nSZketvFfLXfjELqoOqeW7lPSHVYt21Nkm3uTr6un21oFZlaPBcTk4R.m6qoo9IgQeJmG0yEKaBKjNHRUosD1SRlxYIV7liF9wSH19m7fcnrQmpAcBkUXMD7YBJPd_ViSh2Dbvorvg7m1KfWmNfEc_460f1JnN.RrMQab4.aPuqUzelSql5UP.HgDvGCsx3yHv9sW5qSGlLpA_OqdH3Z57TW21gVPzn5yorSEsUNfg2yHOsVE0lxYJriyYJpw2KcnDH8Sq7Enb4GCysxJV4f39j6HEInu3zGJ2SfD2TpOkeg_vpE3r4xUp8ahx2CCLV3nUUp5L5vpjlEObFrS5O0dXeOK87gXhfDZCEGwl6XOwYtOzVqCA0_x0XQmWMEAzycm3tLj5XkpySZJI2IQBXzY1QfYJjhSKkIq.cN.K5iLiC9ooVACOo01h885HH5W6dmkoeB3rvvZS6HgFWPCRVlE916n0INazrTzCakH1XT3cHNW2xNYSl6jayMwQdciPykWIz19iq4VSOXpSpXS9gONrOwZu4Gv2QJUKlIvOjnITRyCcTuXxboZGCqZbp8zTU2aH25we8HVuYF1Q7R.mr7rqbX93FIwG0ryAzjXYSqhQ1mR7nMNTPI.rXqhoJDIMaMPOaCBAj3TTJsPED2jmeKDeUURc8l.eV0dKiBZBIUEXrDyBjQfeWzOCg6S.T.USG3sWV2dyvAaRJtH9pP.VwAJgVyv3RLCfldQd9JWMLKcyOod6KC.PU1A1xCUYr_Ffs0SsbHV5O7k84rt8RHTnthqd2FruPDXFJVvgSdnkEI4UCIBaWCqTItnVgpmjKfdTnsw77x5Z8A3zPpR5lEqgnhp_eipGuKdgc1wOUazVIe_AdAUtpvCuU3Hrn96dIPI1ABTttDvOLoHvX0WD0grAjQSjG_azjmauqCFrLa9GgoVwPfBS1VxNnCGwhEgZ42cGZwNsBLqykSdlDG8JI6WkTXv.VBLqx0ZOrFt5gSlGWRL2AhOXy9xmoF_.aLo2rZdx.5w64X8GyU5xAQ1niseoi64SKU6IMRBNUF0BpZgxUDeSc_Ng6FGzeNDtqE8TNaRqqYLJRl39FW0DDHxlJ5bY8snlXFkNRiTpH0HKO3F_Ow_wj4ouSFBvYZmLelISlLQ4H5XQvF_2uN_Q_JT47wQ6PjiKQGyh8c1M7ZF7dYTpp2QoV4CWiMeDmMixbpzpSfBEZ9by7YGDW._0Sz9cBoweqVDsK9q8CgHo11rI1O2eLfvFsfsys6NZBliGCt7pe9Bq3vqnP_6V_p.M8_NqAf7LtVwDaVQV6sET9F43zXC1cZ5uT.FUL.hG4D7iZDkPrzwaXVjDCT_OPYkqViV57BjqOlwvSr4Lt3AdJJDhHwUFvcl5ezp5IaCf7JxfChRRCezu2g5d0wYzl8.8VO92lIdaqJvCQKRVTkSjn.f74dF7BdNzNezw6ZQsef8KxRv6vjcCyF_Um_nOWPY.JhwmRnOsxQHoYk_sHUeHLJwtATiG9Jrg6SrKJ6czYxUt3xvWRKRzGcfFujZqhOSYPsK8_lE3JUxBNc4W0m2AJM7M6oBv5RAMtuIKdLAtVlfpqs_KiYAOakcwECo2dFyPLiutVugAzeZR_ollyeLVgM2xrRC0rmUeXxStQ5.DMRKRj6sUD_bK9Y_izQ9MXr7q4BSVgE8Veuzhf8vlc8Fq3kQBpxus40jh3FEPtpqa4Uk4FU5igP07pt4uqqCQ6CtIMBougrgnHslEr55tujaXinZNx5.5N1mvcBCYOJ9ZsgTYLykMtTyxOkivwnpYzi6No28LR_zopjiXzP7E2EIeV7vkKUMg.2AlFSYRO.XciI",mdrd: "yDZrBVOeEW5tuaKs7ZCgQMhykhEJU00X5xqP2DDARk4-1739807095-1.2.1.1-UzuQY3BaIe2Og0vtzDE4i08yWzHeB4irIE35L.bxEVD9o2vYOqiaej9oMdjD3y6mh4TVigz7Ik2iJz3J6ifo.pA57j8_UNVlJmhohJlUXWRH.r9D7K0HXHmE9PYYqPzxZpL2CilYR1SsHERBxrIDED8OfLp1PBdK6v.7YcPkT7rmo0w2rha2EfPoRD7W9jHHnAYQYd1eTXWkpy.XBfyGh236cdpSFmmJrOwAivCctIcu1ysGTsNnE7ihXTJx7a3FbjMcF8LsZ0FOx0Yqdrb.x8jsxeFcr_S.ZovgVyjKIF1eLlYk.r3vqBsJILCwLJgBG0xHQ0.35MrvivK7RoMJUdcijFauRCLA3dJRrdlvRo8iaYwejqgb0JOC.x8UhL.WFnxE_6BX8o0iYEPrv6rqJG3UI9OA6xwzmqu1xGvhtGVhVRS_bC7xNayj2PpVrc3yHIorbb.VFHSEPxSjoMqrQbxzMpKKM1rJNYU0xcqAyX5nxI5lo5rJgkGsRGoBsVpIt2qRnqAFkxykGJ2vdpM8qG6apO2HHZ5J4I_Sp1ArwbeZx7hTcw9VVSlPGX_CFRucRh_6X6bzpNt6fTrA_AbqdrFGeznLZVbq9s3IYMzZsS50jMrGnSNDPXW79..yrxLu7PYLsbMq1AtghGd7kwwZqjx9hSb317l3F9zl.Xwztvt2CbXqq.wvXTT8ncP2DBfPhr26p4YJXpDPWvGYbKDpib35RYHFmLDvbpuu.ycEM6JrGHKVjStCGiqsZLwMaBMdKogBXJjNs4RvenbvObdDSbP68QbwLGzaQ4EBpbAiiksxPRVVDRQJkqq5hqisNNhcyv1t_W8zE5t0I37zc6vFmTe.qvDrm59ZFbWhyfOmiszsFOvDMAyvR7i.uCxQgV.pBOPHYgeLraz2pXs4BZLPYopNtuqcwAkMGh7U1SSSIt64V7AtDj2x3y6CUNrR85l1uU8clM13u4.GaxqjUU3k93Z1Yyq0fE98J7tWigEqMo2ZX6NJyHfBZES2nEDylpclF3k.2vXGWzRamcmThx3GGWO4YinBX_2CvUpLQ1FHSlO6Ow8n_ANY.bdkZJhYJ7uSO1uiZbhg56ozTF.qt5MKhzepad8bxMUUal9ssLesCvdpgAK6eujrCH53u1lgVa0Mod3nZb0A9yljl8Yyx4j4i3jQp1fhCLAPEgcgh8WVcLRF9GwM4RRy8eQTT6WOkjBWvR_3eTSHKt2WAcCzKxdJ9g86Jk.q0cos2KekoVrn_cX487PN.7T8R8Mlj5jRZQmI_lsD.aAf.umzyihbJZv6xBZmLqZpGeI2VnEZ5l5PgCjAWJC5mJZwpmxPAJ7bGPr8jTerzJGWog_HKHbkPBgb3H2L9lBzPrj8RUukQGD69Z180y9hRsUzIA_0IU94AyF5XMAUhC8sLD9XQ2enY8MfGC4EOjaers5y8J0GZ1ZxXvNWUHOcKQVNx9.QtQoi4qePo7r__TU_q86.EiGkBilX.I0Jn1De_OxBbHHQniSoOr718po0.QeHPQ7oT7fxcJ9x8y2FJLGi64AMMU_QeDv9Z.6JhneAulFr15LDl7wkrIaB144.SrAK1mVkkDQ08Sw8NSCGGezi7ddKR6LRLuLzpny_rnU85Lpkkmerg7WsfPbUVSNknHPsPSIPfkRwQQr_xgZOYE.ubu7AxdhQ2.GNWFkbvHgD4w4DEUhMU_aOJFv_6JZwDrYluA8d3Pxm7NP2mDrD5VlA0FCInB_CvMqaSKM_EcMgYbqFtnaBLqdkG89EZO4.bH3QLiAN84t9sV8cfk1lTe7Mzzo_0NtWJD3bUJoXFu7EfRiT9iqIn6yK1OSDQtTXfTgY.YPtT55y61mvVFY4fHOVDvd_8MCDD0ffPyMOfIBYD4qyEtSYqzVi_e8ODILAW4TDl3W7X7Ff1yTMtvJ_Fh_BA79vnmsh5iOWUSMSLoThvvm1XJn1Xlqyr3cHhkwCnOK7NGFyN_K6OBY6"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136e6cabf47409a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9998790\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=T5BQX3yknBEO0dYufe1nAxTJARrRfufOoDIxi4aZSwg-1739807095-1.0.1.1-max7RuiVfGsouQZO5rnwyylw.bsISJLVfEBg3r11IVY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>