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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saussure" title="Saussure – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Saussure" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Saussure" title="De Saussure – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="De Saussure" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saussure" title="Saussure – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Saussure" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saussure" title="Saussure – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Saussure" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saussure" title="Saussure – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Saussure" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EC%89%AC%EB%A5%B4" title="소쉬르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소쉬르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saussure" title="Saussure – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Saussure" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Saussure" title="De Saussure – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="De Saussure" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ソシュール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソシュール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saussure_(desambigua%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" title="Saussure (desambiguação) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Saussure (desambiguação)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8E%D1%80" title="Соссюр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Соссюр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saussure" title="Saussure – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Saussure" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8E%D1%80" title="Соссюр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">De Saussure family</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Patrician_(post-Roman_Europe)" title="Patrician (post-Roman Europe)">Patrician family</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_de_la_famille_de_Saussure.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Blason_de_la_famille_de_Saussure.svg/100px-Blason_de_la_famille_de_Saussure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Blason_de_la_famille_de_Saussure.svg/150px-Blason_de_la_famille_de_Saussure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Blason_de_la_famille_de_Saussure.svg/200px-Blason_de_la_famille_de_Saussure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saulxures-l%C3%A8s-Nancy" title="Saulxures-lès-Nancy">Saulxures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Arrival in Switzerland<br />1556, <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></li><li>468 years ago</li></ul></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Arrival in United States<br />1730, <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>, U.S.</li><li>294 years ago</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Titles</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislator" class="mw-redirect" title="State legislator">State legislator</a></li> <li>General</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>De Saussure family</b> is a family from the <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva patriciate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenot origins</a> hailing from <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine, France</a> but being settled in Switzerland since 1556. An American branch was established in <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> in the 18th century by Henri de Saussure; among his descendants were Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Henry_William_de_Saussure" title="Henry William de Saussure">Henry William de Saussure</a> and US Senator <a href="/wiki/William_F._De_Saussure" title="William F. De Saussure">William F. De Saussure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Saussure_family&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/De_Saussure_family" title="Special:EditPage/De Saussure family">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The family originally hails from <a href="/wiki/Saulxures-l%C3%A8s-Nancy" title="Saulxures-lès-Nancy">Saulxures</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine region</a> of France. During their service as falconers to the duke he <a href="/wiki/Ennobled" class="mw-redirect" title="Ennobled">ennobled</a> them in 1506. Due to religious persecution for being <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenot</a> they emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, where they became citizens in 1556 respectively 1636. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Swiss_branch">Swiss branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Saussure_family&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Swiss branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geneve_Saussure_2011-08-12_14_06_01_PICT3853.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Geneve_Saussure_2011-08-12_14_06_01_PICT3853.JPG/220px-Geneve_Saussure_2011-08-12_14_06_01_PICT3853.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Geneve_Saussure_2011-08-12_14_06_01_PICT3853.JPG/330px-Geneve_Saussure_2011-08-12_14_06_01_PICT3853.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Geneve_Saussure_2011-08-12_14_06_01_PICT3853.JPG/440px-Geneve_Saussure_2011-08-12_14_06_01_PICT3853.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_particulier" title="Hôtel particulier">Hôtel particulier</a> of the Saussure family in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In Switzerland they soon became politically and socio-economically active holding a variety of public offices. Théodore de Saussure became the mayor of Geneva, his son Nicolas de Saussure, a politician.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Horace_B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_de_Saussure" title="Horace Bénédict de Saussure">Horace-Bénédict de Saussure</a> (1740 – 1799), an 18th century naturalist, was probably the most notable, his portrait was on the 20 Swiss Francs bill series which were in circulation from 1979 to 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His daughter <a href="/wiki/Albertine_Necker_de_Saussure" title="Albertine Necker de Saussure">Albertine Necker de Saussure</a> (1766-1841) became an advocate for women s education and his son <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Th%C3%A9odore_de_Saussure" title="Nicolas Théodore de Saussure">Nicolas Théodore de Saussure</a> (1767 – 1845) a plant physiologist. </p><p>His grandson was <a href="/wiki/Henri_Louis_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_de_Saussure" title="Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure">Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure</a> (1829 –1905) an entomologist and mineralist. </p><p>His 4 great-grandsons were: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure" title="Ferdinand de Saussure">Ferdinand de Saussure</a> (1857-1913),an important linguist and semiotician.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by Horace de Saussure (1859-1926) a painter, their younger brother <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_de_Saussure" title="Léopold de Saussure">Léopold de Saussure</a> (1866-1925) a sinologist and their youngest brother <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_Saussure" title="René de Saussure">René de Saussure</a> (1868 –1943) was a mathematician and Esperantist. </p><p>A 21st century descendant of this branch, is Jacques de Saussure, who was a part-owner in private bank <a href="/wiki/Pictet_Group" title="Pictet Group">Pictet Group</a> and current<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> owner of the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_particulier" title="Hôtel particulier">hôtel particulier</a> of the family.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_branch">American branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Saussure_family&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: American branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henri de Saussure (<a href="/wiki/Anglicized" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicized">anglicized</a> to Henry de Saussure, d. 1761), a scion of the <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a> branch of the family, emigrated from <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</a> settling near <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four sons of Henri fought in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> with only his son Daniel surviving. Daniel was the father of <a href="/wiki/William_De_Saussure" class="mw-redirect" title="William De Saussure">Henry William de Saussure</a>, d. 1839, a notable jurist in the early days of the American republic and chancellor. </p><p>Another <a href="/wiki/William_F._De_Saussure" title="William F. De Saussure">William F. De Saussure</a> (1792 – 1870) became US Senator. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Louis_D._DeSaussure" title="Louis D. DeSaussure">Louis D. DeSaussure</a>, d.1888, was a <a href="/wiki/Slave-trader" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave-trader">slave trader</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are still several descendants living with the current spelling being <i>DeSaussure</i>, <i>deSaussure</i>, or <i>Desaussure</i> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Saussure_family&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilmot_Gibbes_de_Saussure" title="Wilmot Gibbes de Saussure">Wilmot Gibbes de Saussure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriette_Kershaw_Leiding" title="Harriette Kershaw Leiding">Harriette Kershaw Leiding</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Saussure_family&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/desaussure-henry-william/">"DeSaussure, Henry William"</a>. <i>South Carolina Encyclopedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331201337/https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/desaussure-henry-william/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Carolina+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=DeSaussure%2C+Henry+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scencyclopedia.org%2Fsce%2Fentries%2Fdesaussure-henry-william%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+Saussure+family" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://schistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/DeSaussure-family-papers-1022.00.pdf">"DeSaussure Family Papers, 1716-1938"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>schistory.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606183824/https://schistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/DeSaussure-family-papers-1022.00.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2023-06-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=schistory.org&rft.atitle=DeSaussure+Family+Papers%2C+1716-1938&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fschistory.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F06%2FDeSaussure-family-papers-1022.00.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+Saussure+family" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/weberag/docs/buch_wein_schloesser_adel_gif/s/13796405">"Familie de Saussure"</a>. <i>issuu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231019170741/https://issuu.com/weberag/docs/buch_wein_schloesser_adel_gif/s/13796405">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=issuu&rft.atitle=Familie+de+Saussure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fweberag%2Fdocs%2Fbuch_wein_schloesser_adel_gif%2Fs%2F13796405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+Saussure+family" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph2012" class="citation book cs1">Joseph, John E. (2012). <i>Saussure</i>. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press. pp. 38–40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199695652" title="Special:BookSources/9780199695652"><bdi>9780199695652</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saussure&rft.place=Oxford%2C+U.K.&rft.pages=38-40&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780199695652&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+Saussure+family" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes2016" class="citation web cs1">Times, Ralph Atkins in Geneva, The Financial (2016-06-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/eighth-generation-banker-_pictet-private-bank-seeks-to-retain-the-family-touch/42259278">"Pictet private bank seeks to retain the family touch"</a>. <i>SWI swissinfo.ch</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231019170738/https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/eighth-generation-banker-_pictet-private-bank-seeks-to-retain-the-family-touch/42259278">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SWI+swissinfo.ch&rft.atitle=Pictet+private+bank+seeks+to+retain+the+family+touch&rft.date=2016-06-29&rft.aulast=Times&rft.aufirst=Ralph+Atkins+in+Geneva%2C+The+Financial&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Feng%2Fbusiness%2Feighth-generation-banker-_pictet-private-bank-seeks-to-retain-the-family-touch%2F42259278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+Saussure+family" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacques Augustin Galiffe, J. Barbezat, 1895 (in French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lcdl.library.cofc.edu/lcdl/catalog/lcdl:69833">"Louis D. DeSaussure slave sale broadside"</a>. <i>Lowcountry Digital Library Catalog Search</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230815111204/https://lcdl.library.cofc.edu/lcdl/catalog/lcdl:69833">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-08-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lowcountry+Digital+Library+Catalog+Search&rft.atitle=Louis+D.+DeSaussure+slave+sale+broadside&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flcdl.library.cofc.edu%2Flcdl%2Fcatalog%2Flcdl%3A69833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+Saussure+family" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book//lookupid?key=olbp15587">"Old Plantation Days, by N. B. De Saussure"</a>. <i>The Online Books Page (onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128210011/https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=olbp15587">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-11-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Online+Books+Page+%28onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu%29&rft.atitle=Old+Plantation+Days%2C+by+N.+B.+De+Saussure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonlinebooks.library.upenn.edu%2Fwebbin%2Fbook%2F%2Flookupid%3Fkey%3Dolbp15587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+Saussure+family" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finding-aids.lib.unc.edu/02251/">"Louis M. DeSaussure Journal, 1835–1865"</a>. <i>finding-aids.lib.unc.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231020170410/https://finding-aids.lib.unc.edu/02251/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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