CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="et" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>NASA – Vikipeedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )etwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","jaanuar","veebruar","märts","aprill","mai","juuni","juuli","august","september","oktoober","november","detsember"],"wgRequestId":"d7c2d08d-a7e6-4d9a-9e23-c39742379c38","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"NASA","wgTitle":"NASA","wgCurRevisionId":6740170,"wgRevisionId":6740170,"wgArticleId":18107,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 vead: tundmatu parameeter","Keeletoimetamist ootavad (august 2022)","Keeletoimetamist ootavad","Ameerika Ühendriikide valitsusagentuurid","Kosmoseagentuurid","NASA"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"et","wgPageContentLanguage":"et","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"NASA","wgRelevantArticleId":18107,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"et","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"et"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":38.88305556,"lon":-77.01638889},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q23548","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.9"}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMap","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=et&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=et&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=et&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.23"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/1200px-NASA_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1004"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/800px-NASA_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="669"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/640px-NASA_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="535"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="NASA – Vikipeedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//et.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Muuda" href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Vikipeedia (et)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//et.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Vikipeedia Atom-voog" href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Viimased_muudatused&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-NASA rootpage-NASA skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Mine sisu juurde</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sait"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Peamenüü" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peamenüü" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peamenüü</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peamenüü</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">peida</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigeerimine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Esileht" title="Mine esilehele [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Esileht</span></a></li><li id="n-generaldiscussion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:%C3%9Cldine_arutelu"><span>Üldine arutelu</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Viimased_muudatused" title="Vikis tehtud viimaste muudatuste loend [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Viimased muudatused</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Juhuslik_artikkel" title="Mine juhuslikule leheküljele [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Juhuslik lehekülg</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Juhend:Sisukord" title="Kuidas redigeerida"><span>Juhend</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Kontakteeru_meiega"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Erilehek%C3%BCljed"><span>Erileheküljed</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trüki või ekspordi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Raamat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=NASA"><span>Koosta raamat</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:DownloadAsPdf&page=NASA&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laadi alla PDF-failina</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&printable=yes" title="Selle lehe trükiversioon [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Prinditav versioon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Esileht" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipeedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-et.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-et.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Eri:Otsimine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Otsi vikist [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Otsing</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Otsi Vikipeediast" aria-label="Otsi Vikipeediast" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Otsi vikist [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Eri:Otsimine"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Otsi</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Isiklikud lehed"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Muuda lehekülje kirjasuurust, laiust ja värvust" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ilme" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ilme</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=et.wikipedia.org&uselang=et" class=""><span>Anneta</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Konto_loomine&returnto=NASA" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub konto luua ja sisse logida." class=""><span>Loo konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sisselogimine&returnto=NASA" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub sisse logida. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logi sisse</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Veel valikuid" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Isiklikud lehed" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Isiklikud lehed</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Kasutajamenüü" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=et.wikipedia.org&uselang=et"><span>Anneta</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Konto_loomine&returnto=NASA" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub konto luua ja sisse logida."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Loo konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sisselogimine&returnto=NASA" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub sisse logida. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logi sisse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sisselogimata kasutaja leheküljed <a href="/wiki/Juhend:Sissejuhatus" aria-label="Lisateave redigeerimise kohta"><span>lisateave</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Minu_kaast%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="Sellelt IP-aadressilt tehtud muudatuste loend [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kaastöö</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Minu_aruteluleht" title="Arutelu sellelt IP-aadressilt tehtud muudatuste kohta [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Epeida\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"et\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbig\u003EOled oodatud osalema artiklivõistlusel \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Vikipeedia:Treenerid_(viki)ajalukku\" title=\"Vikipeedia:Treenerid (viki)ajalukku\"\u003ETreenerid (viki)ajalukku\u003C/a\u003E!\u003Cbr /\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Vikipeedia:Hispaania_artikliv%C3%B5istlus\" title=\"Vikipeedia:Hispaania artiklivõistlus\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Spain_flag_waving_icon.svg/40px-Spain_flag_waving_icon.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"35\" height=\"25\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Spain_flag_waving_icon.svg/60px-Spain_flag_waving_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Spain_flag_waving_icon.svg/120px-Spain_flag_waving_icon.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1134\" data-file-height=\"794\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003EAlanud on \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Vikipeedia:Hispaania_artikliv%C3%B5istlus\" title=\"Vikipeedia:Hispaania artiklivõistlus\"\u003EHispaania artiklivõistlus\u003C/a\u003E!\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Vikipeedia:Hispaania_artikliv%C3%B5istlus\" title=\"Vikipeedia:Hispaania artiklivõistlus\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Spain_flag_waving_icon.svg/40px-Spain_flag_waving_icon.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"35\" height=\"25\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Spain_flag_waving_icon.svg/60px-Spain_flag_waving_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Spain_flag_waving_icon.svg/120px-Spain_flag_waving_icon.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1134\" data-file-height=\"794\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/big\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sait"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sisukord" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Loomine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loomine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Loomine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loomine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Juhtimine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juhtimine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Juhtimine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Juhtimine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visioon_ja_missioon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visioon_ja_missioon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Visioon ja missioon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visioon_ja_missioon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kosmoseprogrammid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosmoseprogrammid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kosmoseprogrammid</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kosmoseprogrammid-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Kosmoseprogrammid"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kosmoseprogrammid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mehitatud_lendude_programmid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mehitatud_lendude_programmid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mehitatud lendude programmid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mehitatud_lendude_programmid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-X-15_(1959–1968)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#X-15_(1959–1968)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>X-15 (1959–1968)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-X-15_(1959–1968)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mercury_programm_(1959–1963)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mercury_programm_(1959–1963)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Mercury programm (1959–1963)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mercury_programm_(1959–1963)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gemini_programm_(1961–1966)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gemini_programm_(1961–1966)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Gemini programm (1961–1966)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gemini_programm_(1961–1966)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apollo_programm_(1961–1972)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apollo_programm_(1961–1972)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Apollo programm (1961–1972)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apollo_programm_(1961–1972)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skylab_(1965–1979)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skylab_(1965–1979)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.5</span> <span>Skylab (1965–1979)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skylab_(1965–1979)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_Shuttle_(1972–2011)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_Shuttle_(1972–2011)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.6</span> <span>Space Shuttle (1972–2011)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_Shuttle_(1972–2011)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kommertslik_meeskonnatranspordi_arendamise_programm_(2010–)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kommertslik_meeskonnatranspordi_arendamise_programm_(2010–)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.7</span> <span>Kommertslik meeskonnatranspordi arendamise programm (2010–)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kommertslik_meeskonnatranspordi_arendamise_programm_(2010–)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_Launch_System_ja_Orion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_Launch_System_ja_Orion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.8</span> <span>Space Launch System ja Orion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_Launch_System_ja_Orion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mehitamata_lendude_programmid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mehitamata_lendude_programmid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Mehitamata lendude programmid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mehitamata_lendude_programmid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hiljutised_ja_praegused_tegevused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hiljutised_ja_praegused_tegevused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Hiljutised ja praegused tegevused</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hiljutised_ja_praegused_tegevused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allüksused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allüksused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Allüksused</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Allüksused-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Allüksused"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Allüksused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-NACA_rajatud_uurimiskeskused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NACA_rajatud_uurimiskeskused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>NACA rajatud uurimiskeskused</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NACA_rajatud_uurimiskeskused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maaväe_rajatud_uurimiskeskused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maaväe_rajatud_uurimiskeskused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Maaväe rajatud uurimiskeskused</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maaväe_rajatud_uurimiskeskused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NASA_rajatud_uurimiskeskused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NASA_rajatud_uurimiskeskused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>NASA rajatud uurimiskeskused</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NASA_rajatud_uurimiskeskused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eelarve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eelarve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eelarve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eelarve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Välislingid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Välislingid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Välislingid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Välislingid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sisukord" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">NASA</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 149 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-149" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">149 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasa" title="Nasa – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nasa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – šveitsisaksa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="šveitsisaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%93%E1%88%B3" title="ናሳ – amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ናሳ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – vanainglise" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="vanainglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – aragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D4%B1%D5%8D%D4%B1" title="ՆԱՍԱ – läänearmeenia" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="ՆԱՍԱ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="läänearmeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE" title="নাছা – assami" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নাছা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Penerbangan_dan_Antariksa" title="Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentadbiran_Aeronautik_dan_Angkasa_Kebangsaan" title="Pentadbiran Aeronautik dan Angkasa Kebangsaan – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pentadbiran Aeronautik dan Angkasa Kebangsaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE" title="নাসা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাসা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – bandžari" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="bandžari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83" title="Нацыянальная ўправа паветраплаваньня і космасу – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нацыянальная ўправа паветраплаваньня і космасу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="नासा – bihaari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नासा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihaari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – keskbikoli" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="keskbikoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – bretooni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration – njandža" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="njandža" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – Maroko araabia" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Maroko araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – ersa" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ersa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacia_Aerona%C5%ADtika_kaj_Kosma_Administracio" title="Nacia Aeronaŭtika kaj Kosma Administracio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nacia Aeronaŭtika kaj Kosma Administracio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – estremenju" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremenju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – Fidži hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidži hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – fääri" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fääri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – läänefriisi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="läänefriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – mänksi" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mänksi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – gaeli" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaeli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE" title="નાસા – gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નાસા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%ED%95%AD%EA%B3%B5_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EA%B5%AD" title="미국 항공 우주국 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 항공 우주국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D4%B1%D5%8D%D4%B1" title="ՆԱՍԱ – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ՆԱՍԱ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="नासा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नासा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacional_Administrerio_pri_Kosmo_ed_Aeronavigo" title="Nacional Administrerio pri Kosmo ed Aeronavigo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nacional Administrerio pri Kosmo ed Aeronavigo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geimfer%C3%B0astofnun_Bandar%C3%ADkjanna" title="Geimferðastofnun Bandaríkjanna – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Geimferðastofnun Bandaríkjanna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A1%22%D7%90" title="נאס"א – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נאס"א" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE" title="ನಾಸಾ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಾಸಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – karatšai-balkaari" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatšai-balkaari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – kašmiiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2" title="ນາຊາ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນາຊາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalis_A%C3%ABronauticae_Spatioque_Administratio" title="Nationalis Aëronauticae Spatioque Administratio – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nationalis Aëronauticae Spatioque Administratio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacion%C4%81l%C4%81_aeronautikas_un_kosmosa_administr%C4%81cija" title="Nacionālā aeronautikas un kosmosa administrācija – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nacionālā aeronautikas un kosmosa administrācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – letseburgi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="letseburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – limburgi" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – lombardi" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="नासा – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="नासा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8" title="നാസ – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാസ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="नासा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नासा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90" title="ნასა – megreli" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნასა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megreli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – mazandaraani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯅꯥꯁꯥ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅꯥꯁꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC" title="နာဆာ – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နာဆာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="नासा – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नासा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%B1%80" title="アメリカ航空宇宙局 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ航空宇宙局" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – napoli" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE" title="ନାସା – oria" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନାସା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਨਾਸਾ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਸਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC" title="နာသာ – paoo" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="နာသာ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="paoo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aministrassion_Nassional_dl%27Areon%C3%A0utica_e_dl%C3%AB_Spassi" title="Aministrassion Nassional dl'Areonàutica e dlë Spassi – piemonte" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Aministrassion Nassional dl'Areonàutica e dlë Spassi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – alamsaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – karakalpaki" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – ketšua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ketšua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – russiini" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="russiini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – jakuudi" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuudi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="नासा – sanskriti" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नासा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskriti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱱᱟᱥᱟ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱟᱥᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – šoti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="šoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – saterfriisi" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – sitsiilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F" title="නාසා – singali" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නාසා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – somaali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Наса – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Наса" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasa" title="Nasa – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nasa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE)" title="தேசிய வானூர்தியியல் மற்றும் விண்வெளி நிர்வாகம் (ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா) – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தேசிய வானூர்தியியல் மற்றும் விண்வெளி நிர்வாகம் (ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – tatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE" title="నాసా – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నాసా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2" title="นาซา – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นาซา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – tadžiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="НАСА" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ناسا – uiguuri" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ناسا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – veneti" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" title="美国国家航空航天局 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美国国家航空航天局" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – jidiši" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%B8%BD%E7%BD%B2" title="美國太空總署 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美國太空總署" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – žemaidi" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" title="美国国家航空航天局 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美国国家航空航天局" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA – talõši" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="NASA" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talõši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23548#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arutelu:NASA" rel="discussion" title="Arutelu selle lehekülje sisu kohta [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Muuda keelevarianti" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">eesti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="vaatamisi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/NASA"><span>Vaata</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=history" title="Selle lehekülje varasemad redaktsioonid [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tööriistad" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tööriistad</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tööriistad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">peida</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Veel võimalusi" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Toimingud </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/NASA"><span>Vaata</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=history"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Üldine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Lingid_siia/NASA" title="Kõik viki leheküljed, mis siia viitavad [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lingid siia</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Seotud_muudatused/NASA" rel="nofollow" title="Viimased muudatused lehekülgedel, millele on siit viidatud [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seotud muudatused</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&oldid=6740170" title="Püsilink lehekülje sellele redaktsioonile"><span>Püsilink</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=info" title="Lisateave selle lehekülje kohta"><span>Lehekülje teave</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sellele_lehek%C3%BCljele_viitamine&page=NASA&id=6740170&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Teave sellele leheküljele viitamise kohta"><span>Viita leheküljele</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNASA"><span>Hangi lühendatud URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNASA"><span>Laadi alla QR-kood</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Teistes projektides </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/NASA" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23548" title="Link andmehoidla seonduva üksuse juurde [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Andmeüksus</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ilme</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div id="coordinates" class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><span title="WGS84 koordinaadid">koordinaadid: </span><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=NASA&language=et&params=38.88305556_N_77.01638889_W_region:US-DC_type:landmark"><span title="coordinates"><span title="Laius">38° 52′ 59″ N</span>, <span title="Pikkus">77° 0′ 59″ W</span></span></a></div></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739384">.mw-parser-output th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output td.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox~table.ambox:not(.mbox-small-left){margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-text{padding:0.25em 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-imageright{padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}.mw-parser-output table.imbox{margin:4px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:3px solid #36c;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.cmbox{margin:3px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#DFE8FF}.mw-parser-output table.ombox{margin:4px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.tmbox{margin:4px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}</style></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/40px-Emblem-important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/53px-Emblem-important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/70px-Emblem-important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>See artikkel</b> <b>ootab <a href="/wiki/Keeletoimetamine" title="Keeletoimetamine">keeletoimetamist</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small><i>(August 2022)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Kui oskad, siis palun aita <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit">artiklit keeleliselt parandada</a>.</small> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6347534">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-spacing:3px;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:black;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0.2em;float:right;clear:right;font-size:88%;line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox.sisterproject{width:20em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.standard-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output .infobox.standard-talk.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.standard-talk.bordered th{border:1px solid #c0c090}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}</style></div><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><caption>Riiklik Aeronautika- ja Kosmosevalitsus</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-style:italic;"> National Aeronautics and Space Administration</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:NASA_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/150px-NASA_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/225px-NASA_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/300px-NASA_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:NASA_HQ_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/NASA_HQ_Building.jpg/250px-NASA_HQ_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/NASA_HQ_Building.jpg/500px-NASA_HQ_Building.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2216" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span><div>NASA peakorter</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Lühend</th><td> NASA</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Deviis</th><td> <i>For the Benefit of All</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Asutatud</th><td> 1.  oktoober 1958<span class="noprint">; 66 aastat tagasi</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1958-10-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Tüüp</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Riigiasutus" title="Riigiasutus">riigiasutus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Peakorter</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Washington" title="Washington">Washington</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_peadirektor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NASA peadirektor (pole veel kirjutatud)">Peadirektor</a></th><td> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Nelson" title="Bill Nelson">Bill Nelson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">NASA asepeadirektor</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Melroy" title="Pamela Melroy">Pamela Melroy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Eelarve maht</th><td> <span title="Tõus"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Tõus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> 25,38 mld <a href="/wiki/USA_dollar" title="USA dollar">dollarit</a> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-Budget_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budget-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Töötajaid</th><td> 17 960 (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Veebileht</th><td> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/">nasa.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Riiklik Aeronautika- ja Kosmosevalitsus</b> (<a href="/wiki/Inglise_keel" title="Inglise keel">inglise keeles</a> <i>National Aeronautics and Space Administration</i>, <b>NASA</b>) on <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>. aastal loodud <a href="/wiki/Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriigid" title="Ameerika Ühendriigid">Ameerika Ühendriikide</a> <a href="/wiki/Riigiasutus" title="Riigiasutus">riigiasutus</a>, mille ülesandeks on tsiviil- ja sõjaväelise otstarbega <a href="/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Atmosfäär">atmosfääri</a>- ja kosmoselennundusuuringute tegemine. </p><p>NASA loodi 29. juulil 1958, kui <a href="/wiki/Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_president" title="Ameerika Ühendriikide president">president</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> allkirjastas <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act (pole veel kirjutatud)">National Aeronautics and Space Acti</a>, mis lõpetas NASA eelkäija, <a href="/wiki/NACA" title="NACA">NACA</a> tegevuse ja liitis selle loodava agentuuriga.<sup id="cite_ref-Dissolved_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dissolved-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Transfer_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transfer-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA alustas tegevust 1. oktoobril 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-Operational_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Operational-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NASA on loomise järel juhtinud suurt osa Ameerika Ühendriikide kosmoseprogrammist. Tuntuimad NASA programmid on <a href="/wiki/Apollo_programm" title="Apollo programm">Apollo programm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>. Tänapäeval osaleb NASA <a href="/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_Kosmosejaam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahvusvaheline Kosmosejaam">Rahvusvahelise Kosmosejaama</a> (ISS) töös, arendab <a href="/wiki/Orion_(kosmoselaev)" title="Orion (kosmoselaev)">Orioni</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch Systemi</a> ning vastutab kommertsliku meeskonnatranspordi arendamise programmi eest. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Loomine">Loomine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Loomine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Loomine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alates 1946. aastast oli NACA katsetanud rakettlennukeid nagu <a href="/wiki/Bell_X-1" title="Bell X-1">Bell X-1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1950. aastatel tekkis väljakutse saata <a href="/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_geof%C3%BC%C3%BCsika_aasta" title="Rahvusvaheline geofüüsika aasta">rahvusvaheliseks geofüüsika aastaks</a> (1957–1958) üles <a href="/wiki/Tehiskaaslane" title="Tehiskaaslane">tehiskaaslane</a>. Eesmärgini jõudis esimesena <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B5ukogude_Liit" title="Nõukogude Liit">Nõukogude Liit</a>, mis saatis 4. oktoobril 1957 orbiidile <a href="/wiki/Sputnik" title="Sputnik">Sputniku</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sputnik_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sputnik-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 6. detsembril 1957 proovis USA saata orbiidile oma esimese tehiskaaslase, kuid <a href="/wiki/Vanguard_TV3" title="Vanguard TV3">Vanguard TV3</a> start ebaõnnestus.<sup id="cite_ref-Failure_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Failure-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>14. jaanuaril 1958 teatas NACA peadirektor <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dryden" title="Hugh Dryden">Hugh Dryden</a>, et kosmoselendude jaoks peaks moodustama uue kosmoseagentuuri, mis oleks tsiviilasutus. Veebruaris 1958 loodi <a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a>, mille üheks eesmärgiks on sõjalise kosmosetehnoloogia väljatöötamine. 29. juulil 1958 allkirjastas president National Aeronautics and Space Acti, millega loodi NASA. Riiklik Aeronautika Nõuandekomitee liideti 1. oktoobril 1958 tegevust alustanud NASA-ga ning uus agentuur omandas ka NACA personali, uurimiskeskused ja eelarve.<sup id="cite_ref-Glennan_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glennan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lisaks võeti üle ka mitu sõjaväe kosmoseprogrammi. Uude kosmoseagentuuri asusid tööle mitmed varem sõjaväe heaks töötanud teadlased, sealhulgas <a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Braun" class="mw-redirect" title="Werner von Braun">Werner von Braun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_Begins_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_Begins-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Braun_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braun-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Detsembris 1958 omandas NASA <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a>, mida tänapäeval juhib NASA nimel <a href="/wiki/California_Tehnoloogiainstituut" title="California Tehnoloogiainstituut">California Tehnoloogiainstituut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Glennan_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glennan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-About_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Juhtimine">Juhtimine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Juhtimine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Juhtimine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:NASA_Administrator_Bill_Nelson_Official_Portrait_(NHQ202105170001).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/NASA_Administrator_Bill_Nelson_Official_Portrait_%28NHQ202105170001%29.jpg/220px-NASA_Administrator_Bill_Nelson_Official_Portrait_%28NHQ202105170001%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/NASA_Administrator_Bill_Nelson_Official_Portrait_%28NHQ202105170001%29.jpg/330px-NASA_Administrator_Bill_Nelson_Official_Portrait_%28NHQ202105170001%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/NASA_Administrator_Bill_Nelson_Official_Portrait_%28NHQ202105170001%29.jpg/440px-NASA_Administrator_Bill_Nelson_Official_Portrait_%28NHQ202105170001%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4332" data-file-height="5415" /></a><figcaption>NASA peadirektor Bill Nelson</figcaption></figure> <p>NASA-t juhib peadirektor, kelle määrab USA president ja ametisse kinnitab senat.<sup id="cite_ref-Works_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Works-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peadirektor allub otse presidendile ning on ka presidendi kosmoseteaduse vanemnõunik. NASA on poliitiliselt erapooletu organisatsioon, kuid tavaliselt on agentuuri peadirektor seotud ametis oleva presidendi erakonnaga ja uus peadirektor määratakse tavaliselt presidendi partei vahetudes.<sup id="cite_ref-Bad_Habit_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bad_Habit-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seni on NASA peadirektorite hulgas olnud kolm inimest, James Fletcher, Daniel Goldin ja Robert M. Lightfoot, keda pole presidendi erakonna vahetumise järel välja vahetatud.<sup id="cite_ref-Take_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Take-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA on küll iseseisev asutus, kuid selle projektide jätkumine või lõpetamine võib otseselt sõltuda ametis oleva presidendi otsustest.<sup id="cite_ref-Presidential_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Presidential-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alates 3. maist 2021 on NASA peadirektor <a href="/wiki/Bill_Nelson" title="Bill Nelson">Bill Nelson</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visioon_ja_missioon">Visioon ja missioon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Visioon ja missioon"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Visioon ja missioon" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NASA tulevikunägemus kätkeb maapealse elu paranemist ja selle levimist kosmosesse ning kaugemalt elu leidmist. Oma ülesandeks on NASA seadnud meie koduplaneedi mõistmise ja kaitsmise, universumi uurimise, mujalt elu leidmise ja uue kosmoseuurijate põlvkonna innustamise.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kosmoseprogrammid">Kosmoseprogrammid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Kosmoseprogrammid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Kosmoseprogrammid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NASA on oma tegevusaja jooksul korraldanud mitmeid mehitatud ja mehitamata kosmoselendude programme. Mehitamata missioonide raames saatis NASA orbiidile esimesed satelliidid ning uuris kosmosesondide abil <a href="/wiki/Veenus" title="Veenus">Veenust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marss" title="Marss">Marssi</a> ja teisi <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4ikeses%C3%BCsteem" title="Päikesesüsteem">Päikesesüsteemi</a> planeete. Mehitatud missioonide raames saadeti orbiidile esimesed astronaudid ning aastatel 1969–1972 maandusid Kuule kuus missiooni. Pärast Apollo programmi lõppu ehitas NASA Skylabi, osaliselt taaskasutatava Space Shuttle'i ning asus koos teiste riikidega ehitama Rahvusvahelist Kosmosejaama. Mõni missioon oli samaaegselt mehitatud ning mehitamata missioon, sest näiteks kosmosesond <a href="/wiki/Galileo_(kosmosesond)" title="Galileo (kosmosesond)">Galileo</a> viidi kosmosesse kosmosesüstikuga ja selle paigutasid orbiidile astronaudid, misjärel suundus see iseseisvalt <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiterile</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mehitatud_lendude_programmid">Mehitatud lendude programmid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Mehitatud lendude programmid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Mehitatud lendude programmid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="X-15_(1959–1968)"><span id="X-15_.281959.E2.80.931968.29"></span>X-15 (1959–1968)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "X-15 (1959–1968)"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "X-15 (1959–1968)" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/20px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/40px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/X-15" class="mw-redirect" title="X-15">X-15</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:X-15_in_flight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/X-15_in_flight.jpg/250px-X-15_in_flight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/X-15_in_flight.jpg/330px-X-15_in_flight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/X-15_in_flight.jpg/500px-X-15_in_flight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/X-15" class="mw-redirect" title="X-15">X-15</a></figcaption></figure> <p>X-15 oli NACA eksperimentaalne rakettlennuk, mida arendati koos USA õhuväe ja mereväega. Lennuk oli projekteeritud sihvaka kerega ning sellel kasutati ka varaseid arvuteid. X-15 lennukeid ehitas North American Aviation kolm eksemplari ning rakettmootorid tarnis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reaction_Motors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reaction Motors (pole veel kirjutatud)">Reaction Motors</a>. X-15 rakettlennuki katselend algas NASA <a href="/wiki/B-52_Stratofortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-52 Stratofortress">B-52 Stratofortressi</a> küljest eraldumisega ajal, kui lennuk oli 14 kilomeetri kõrgusel ja liikus kiirusel 805 km/h. Rakettmootor töötas eraldumise järel tavaliselt 80–120 sekundit ja seejärel laugles lennuk enne maandumist veel 10–11 minutit.<sup id="cite_ref-Mothership_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mothership-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>X-15 programmi valiti õhuväe, mereväe ja NACA (hiljem NASA) personali hulgast 12 lendurit ning kokku sooritati 199 katselendu.<sup id="cite_ref-Flights_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flights-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Programmi raames püstitati mitmeid rekordeid ja kaheksa pilooti said õhuväe astronaudimärgi. Kahel katselennul lendas <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Walker" title="Joseph Walker">Joseph Walker</a> üle 100 km kõrgusele, ületades kosmose piiri ning oli seega esimene inimene, kes käis kosmoses mitu korda.<sup id="cite_ref-Multi_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Multi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Walker_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Katselendude raames testiti mitmeid tehnoloogiaid, mida kasutati hilisematel mehitatud lendudel ning atmosfääri sisenemisel ja maandumisel kogutud informatsioon aitas NASA-t Space Shuttle'i projekteerimisel.<sup id="cite_ref-Vital_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vital-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mercury_programm_(1959–1963)"><span id="Mercury_programm_.281959.E2.80.931963.29"></span>Mercury programm (1959–1963)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Mercury programm (1959–1963)"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Mercury programm (1959–1963)" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/20px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/40px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Mercury_programm" title="Mercury programm">Mercury programm</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Glenn62.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Glenn62.jpg/220px-Glenn62.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Glenn62.jpg/330px-Glenn62.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Glenn62.jpg/440px-Glenn62.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4524" data-file-height="3425" /></a><figcaption>John Glenn oma esmalennul</figcaption></figure> <p>Varsti pärast kosmose võidujooksu algust, oli esmaseks eesmärgiks saata võimalikult kiiresti esimene inimene kosmosesse ja seetõttu eelistati ehitada kosmoselaev, mida saaks kosmosesse viia olemasolevate rakettidega. Enne NASA loomist tegeles inimese kosmosesse viimise programmidega õhuvägi ning kaaluti mitmeid variante alates rakettlennukitest nagu X-15 kuni väikeste kapsliteni. 1958. aastaks oli õhuvägi otsustanud kapsli ehitamise kasuks. </p><p>NASA loomise järel, õhuväe mehitatud kosmoselennu programm lõpetati ning NASA alustas Mercury programmi. <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">Esimesed seitse NASA astronauti</a> valiti mereväe, õhuväe ja merejalaväe <a href="/wiki/Katselendur" title="Katselendur">katselendurite</a> hulgast<sup id="cite_ref-Selection_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selection-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ja 5. mail jõudis <a href="/wiki/Alan_Shepard" title="Alan Shepard">Alan Shepard</a> esimese ameeriklasena kosmosesse, kuid seda jäi varjutama asjaolu, et 12. aprillil, kõigest kolm nädalat enne Shepardi lendu, oli kosmoses käinud <a href="/wiki/Juri_Gagarin" title="Juri Gagarin">Juri Gagarin</a>, kes sai esimeseks inimeseks kosmoses.<sup id="cite_ref-First_Step_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-First_Step-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-First_Man_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-First_Man-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 20. veebruaril 1962 tegi esimese ameeriklasena kolm tiiru ümber Maa <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a> ning pärast veel kolme missiooni, lõpetas programmi <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Cooper" title="Gordon Cooper">Gordon Cooper</a>, kes tegi mais 1963 22 tiiru Maa orbiidil.<sup id="cite_ref-Mercury_Summary_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercury_Summary-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mercury programmi edu viis <a href="/wiki/Gemini_programm" title="Gemini programm">Gemini programmini</a>, mille raames harjutati põkkumist ja teisi Kuule lennuks olulisi manöövreid, sest paar nädalat pärast Alan Shepardi lendu, kuulutas president <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> välja Apollo programmi.<sup id="cite_ref-Apollo_Begins_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollo_Begins-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gemini_programm_(1961–1966)"><span id="Gemini_programm_.281961.E2.80.931966.29"></span>Gemini programm (1961–1966)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Gemini programm (1961–1966)"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Gemini programm (1961–1966)" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/20px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/40px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Gemini_programm" title="Gemini programm">Gemini programm</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Ed_White_performs_first_U.S._spacewalk_-_GPN-2006-000025-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ed_White_performs_first_U.S._spacewalk_-_GPN-2006-000025-crop.jpg/250px-Ed_White_performs_first_U.S._spacewalk_-_GPN-2006-000025-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ed_White_performs_first_U.S._spacewalk_-_GPN-2006-000025-crop.jpg/330px-Ed_White_performs_first_U.S._spacewalk_-_GPN-2006-000025-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ed_White_performs_first_U.S._spacewalk_-_GPN-2006-000025-crop.jpg/500px-Ed_White_performs_first_U.S._spacewalk_-_GPN-2006-000025-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3802" data-file-height="3085" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ed_White" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed White">Ed White</a> sooritamas USA esimest väljumist avakosmosesse</figcaption></figure> <p>Apollo programmi jaoks pidid NASA astronaudid saama pikkade lendude kogemuse ning õppima põkkuma, avakosmoses töötama ja väga täpselt maanduma. Nende kogemuste omandamiseks alustas NASA Gemini programmi ja esimene mehitatud missioon, <a href="/wiki/Gemini_3" title="Gemini 3">Gemini 3</a>, startis 1965. aastal. Pärast seda toimus veel üheksa Gemini missiooni ning pikim neist, Gemini 7, kestis kaks nädalat.<sup id="cite_ref-Gemini_Missions_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gemini_Missions-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gemini_7_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gemini_7-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Missioonide ajal harjutasid astronaudid kosmoses objektidele lähenemist, põkkumist, avakosmoses töötamist. Missioonide ajal uurisid teadlased astronautide abil kaalutuse mõju inimesele. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Apollo_programm_(1961–1972)"><span id="Apollo_programm_.281961.E2.80.931972.29"></span>Apollo programm (1961–1972)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Apollo programm (1961–1972)"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Apollo programm (1961–1972)" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/20px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/40px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Apollo_programm" title="Apollo programm">Apollo programm</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:NASA_Apollo_17_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/NASA_Apollo_17_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle-crop.jpg/220px-NASA_Apollo_17_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/NASA_Apollo_17_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle-crop.jpg/330px-NASA_Apollo_17_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/NASA_Apollo_17_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle-crop.jpg/440px-NASA_Apollo_17_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="1856" /></a><figcaption>Apollo kuuauto missiooni Apollo 17 ajal</figcaption></figure> <p>Ameerika Ühendriikide üldsuse arvamus, et Nõukogude Liit juhib kosmose võidujooksu, motiveeris president Kennedy algatama Apollo programmi, seades eesmärgiks maandada Kuule enne kümnendi lõppu mehitatud missioon. </p><p>Apollo oli Ameerika Ühendriikide kallemaid teadusprogramme. Programmi maksumus tänapäeva rahas (seisuga 2014) oli umbes 200 miljardit dollarit<sup id="cite_ref-Cost_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cost-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (näiteks <a href="/wiki/Manhattani_projekt" title="Manhattani projekt">Manhattani projekt</a> maksis umbes 26,6 miljardit dollarit). Missioonide jaoks töötati välja kanderaketid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn_(kanderakett)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saturn (kanderakett) (pole veel kirjutatud)">Saturn</a>, mis olid tunduvalt suuremad kui varasematel lendudel kasutatud kanderaketid. Missioonidel kasutatud kosmoselaev oli samuti suurem ja see koosnes <a href="/wiki/Apollo_juhtimis-_ja_teenindusmoodul" title="Apollo juhtimis- ja teenindusmoodul">teenindus- ja juhtimismoodulist</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Apollo_kuumoodul" title="Apollo kuumoodul">kuumoodulist</a>, millest kuumoodul jäeti Kuule ja Maale tagasi jõudis ainult juhtimismoodul. </p><p>Apollo programmi teine missioon, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a>, saadeti tiirlema Kuu orbiidile ning NASA sai selle missiooniga esimeseks kosmoseagentuuriks, mis saatis astronaudid teise taevakeha orbiidile tiirlema. <a href="/wiki/Apollo_9" title="Apollo 9">Apollo 9</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">Apollo 10</a> ajal katsetati Maa ja Kuu orbiidil kuumoodulit<sup id="cite_ref-Apollo_9_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollo_9-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Apollo_10_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollo_10-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pärast seda maandus Kuule missioon <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a><sup id="cite_ref-Apollo_11_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollo_11-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ning esimesteks Kuu pinnal käinud inimesteks said <a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a>. </p><p>Pärast esimest maandumist toimus veel viis maandumist ning kokku kõndis Kuu pinnal 12 astronauti.<sup id="cite_ref-Moonwalking_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moonwalking-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seni viimane mehitatud missioon naasis Kuult detsembris 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-Returned_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Returned-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apollo missioonidel toodi Kuult Maale 381 kg kivimeid ja tehti mitmeid katseid, uurides päikesetuult ning Kuu kraatreid, pealispinda, seismoloogiat, temperatuuri ja magnetvälja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Skylab_(1965–1979)"><span id="Skylab_.281965.E2.80.931979.29"></span>Skylab (1965–1979)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Skylab (1965–1979)"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Skylab (1965–1979)" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/20px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/40px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Skylab_(SL-4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Skylab_%28SL-4%29.jpg/220px-Skylab_%28SL-4%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Skylab_%28SL-4%29.jpg/330px-Skylab_%28SL-4%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Skylab_%28SL-4%29.jpg/440px-Skylab_%28SL-4%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1576" /></a><figcaption>Skylab jaama viimase meeskonna nähtuna</figcaption></figure> <p>Skylab oli NASA esimene ja ainus iseseisvalt ehitatud kosmosejaam.<sup id="cite_ref-Skylab_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skylab-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jaam viidi orbiidile 14. mail 1973, kasutades kanderaketti <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Skylab_Launch_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skylab_Launch-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jaama kuumuskilp ja üks päikesepaneelidest said stardil kahjustada, kuid jaama saabunud esimene meeskond parandas mõlemad ära. Skylabis elas aastatel 1973–1974 kolm meeskonda ning kokku elasid meeskonnad jaamas 171 päeva.<sup id="cite_ref-Skylab_Crews_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skylab_Crews-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kosmosejaamas uuriti peamiselt kaalutuse mõjusid inimesele ning vaadeldi Päikest. NASA plaanis jaama viia kosmosesüstiku abil kõrgemale orbiidile, kuid see polnud veel valmis, kui jaam 11. juulil 1979 Maa atmosfääri sisenes ja ära põles.<sup id="cite_ref-Re-Entry_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Re-Entry-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Space_Shuttle_(1972–2011)"><span id="Space_Shuttle_.281972.E2.80.932011.29"></span>Space Shuttle (1972–2011)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Space Shuttle (1972–2011)"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Space Shuttle (1972–2011)" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/20px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/40px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:STS120LaunchHiRes-edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/STS120LaunchHiRes-edit1.jpg/250px-STS120LaunchHiRes-edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/STS120LaunchHiRes-edit1.jpg/330px-STS120LaunchHiRes-edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/STS120LaunchHiRes-edit1.jpg/500px-STS120LaunchHiRes-edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1888" data-file-height="2956" /></a><figcaption>Kosmosesüstik Discovery startimas missioonile STS-120</figcaption></figure> <p>Space Shuttle sai NASA peamiseks projektiks 1970. aastate lõpus ja 1980. aastatel. Need olid planeeritud olema enamjaolt taaskasutatavad ja sageli startivad kosmoselennukid ning esimesed neli kosmosesüstikut valmisid 1985. aastaks.<sup id="cite_ref-Shuttle_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shuttle-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Esimene kosmosesüstik, mis jõudis kosmosesse, oli Columbia, mis startis oma esimesele missioonile 12. aprillil 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-First_STS_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-First_STS-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Space Shuttle oli stardil kinnitatud kahe <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle%27i_tahkek%C3%BCtuskiirendi" title="Space Shuttle'i tahkekütuskiirendi">tahkekütuskiirendi</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle%27i_v%C3%A4lispaak" title="Space Shuttle'i välispaak">väliskütusepaagi</a> külge, millest viimane oli ainus komponent, mida ei saanud taaskasutada.<sup id="cite_ref-First_STS_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-First_STS-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Süstikute orbiidi kõrgus oli tavaliselt vahemikus 185–643 km ja need suutsid kosmosesse viia kuni 24,4 tonni kaaluva lasti. Missioonid kestsid tavaliselt 5–17 päeva ja meeskond koosnes 2–8 astronaudist.<sup id="cite_ref-Shuttle_Stats_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shuttle_Stats-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aastatel 1983–1998 oli 20 missioonil kosmosesüstikute pardal Spacelab, mille <a href="/wiki/Euroopa_Kosmoseagentuur" title="Euroopa Kosmoseagentuur">ESA</a> oli projekteerinud koos NASA-ga. See oli taaskasutatav laborimoodul, mis paiknes missiooni ajal kosmosesüstiku lastiruumis ning astronaudid pääsesid moodulisse õhulüüsiga ühendatud tunneli kaudu. Teised tuntumad missioonid olid 1990. aastal toimunud <a href="/wiki/Hubble%27i_kosmoseteleskoop" title="Hubble'i kosmoseteleskoop">Hubble'i kosmoseteleskoobi</a> <a href="/wiki/STS-31" title="STS-31">orbiidile viimine</a>, 1993. aastal edukas <a href="/wiki/STS-61" title="STS-61">Hubble'i parandusmissioon</a> ja Shuttle-Miri missioonid, mille raames põkkusid kosmosesüstikud Vene kosmosejaamaga <a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a>. </p><p>NASA kaotas Space Shuttle'i programmi jooksul kaks kosmosesüstikut ja 14 astronauti. 1986. aastal <a href="/wiki/Challengeri_katastroof" title="Challengeri katastroof">plahvatas stardil</a> <a href="/wiki/Kosmoses%C3%BCstik_Challenger" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmosesüstik Challenger">kosmosesüstik Challenger</a> ning 2003. aastal <a href="/wiki/Kosmoses%C3%BCstik_Columbia_katastroof" title="Kosmosesüstik Columbia katastroof">purunes Maa atmosfääri sisenemisel</a> <a href="/wiki/Kosmoses%C3%BCstik_Columbia" title="Kosmosesüstik Columbia">kosmosesüstik Columbia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Disaster_One_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Disaster_One-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Disaster_Two_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Disaster_Two-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA ehitas Challengeri asenduseks <a href="/wiki/Kosmoses%C3%BCstik_Endeavour" title="Kosmosesüstik Endeavour">Endeavouri</a><sup id="cite_ref-Endeavour_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Endeavour-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kuid Columbia asendamiseks uut süstikut enam ei ehitatud. Programmi jooksul toimus <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle%27i_missioonide_loend" title="Space Shuttle'i missioonide loend">135 missiooni</a> ning kosmoses käis üle 300 astronaudi. Programm lõpetati 2011. aastal.<sup id="cite_ref-Lõpp_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lõpp-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kommertslik_meeskonnatranspordi_arendamise_programm_(2010–)"><span id="Kommertslik_meeskonnatranspordi_arendamise_programm_.282010.E2.80.93.29"></span>Kommertslik meeskonnatranspordi arendamise programm (2010–)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Kommertslik meeskonnatranspordi arendamise programm (2010–)"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Kommertslik meeskonnatranspordi arendamise programm (2010–)" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/20px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/40px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklites <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kommertsliku_meeskonnatranspordi_arendamise_programm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kommertsliku meeskonnatranspordi arendamise programm (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kommertsliku meeskonnatranspordi arendamise programm</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Erameeskondade_programm" title="Erameeskondade programm">Erameeskondade programm</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Kommertsliku meeskonnatranspordi arendamise programm (CCDev) käivitati 2010. aastal ja selle eesmärgiks seati erafirmade arendatud mehitatud kosmoselaevade kasutusele võtmine, mis suudaksid transportida vähemalt nelja inimest, põkkuda ISS-iga vähemalt 180 päevaks ja naasta seejärel Maale.<sup id="cite_ref-Least_Four_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Least_Four-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-180_Days_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180_Days-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lisaks loodetakse nende laevadega hakata erakosmosejaamadesse vedama ka erakliente. </p><p>2010. aastal avalikustas NASA programmi esimese faasi viis võitjat, kelle vahel jagati ära 50 miljonit dollarit.<sup id="cite_ref-First_Round_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-First_Round-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2011. aastal avalikustati teise faasi võitnud neli firmat, kelle vahel jagati ära 270 miljonit dollarit.<sup id="cite_ref-Second_Round_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Second_Round-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2012. aastal avalikustas NASA kolmanda faasi võitnud kolm firmat, kelle vahel läks jagamisele 1,1 miljardit dollarit.<sup id="cite_ref-Third_Round_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Third_Round-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2014. aastal selgusid viimase faasi kaks võitjat. <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a>-i arendatav <a href="/wiki/Dragon_(kosmoselaev)" title="Dragon (kosmoselaev)">Dragon</a> sai NASA-lt lepingu, mille väärtus on 2,6 miljardit dollarit ja <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeingu</a> <a href="/wiki/CST-100_Starliner" title="CST-100 Starliner">CST-100 Starliner</a> sai lepingu, mille väärtuseks on 4,2 miljardit dollarit.<sup id="cite_ref-Uncertain_Awards_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uncertain_Awards-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dragoni esimene mehitatud lend startis mais 2020 ja naasis Maale augustis.<sup id="cite_ref-Dragonfly_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dragonfly-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CST-100 esimene mehitatud lend pidi toimuma juulis 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-Starliner_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Starliner-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Space_Launch_System_ja_Orion">Space Launch System ja Orion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Space Launch System ja Orion"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Space Launch System ja Orion" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/20px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/40px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklites <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Orion_(kosmoselaev)" title="Orion (kosmoselaev)">Orion (kosmoselaev)</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Orion_with_ATV_SM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Orion_with_ATV_SM.jpg/220px-Orion_with_ATV_SM.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Orion_with_ATV_SM.jpg/330px-Orion_with_ATV_SM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Orion_with_ATV_SM.jpg/440px-Orion_with_ATV_SM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4267" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Orion</figcaption></figure> <p>2010. aastal tühistas Barack Obama administratsioon Constellationi programmi ning tegi ettepaneku anda erafirmadele ISS-i varustamismissioonide korraldamisel suurem vastutus.<sup id="cite_ref-Eliminate_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eliminate-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aprillis 2015 pidas Obama Kennedy Kosmosekeskuses kõne, milles tegi ettepaneku korraldada 2025. aastal mehitatud missioon asteroidile ning saata 2030. aastate keskpaigas mehitatud missioon Marsi orbiidile. NASA alustas pärast Space Shuttle'i lendude lõppemist Space Launch Systemi (SLS) ja Orioni projekteerimist.<sup id="cite_ref-Announced_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Announced-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Finally_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finally-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.' NASA plaanide kohaselt peaks Orion mahutama kuni 6 astronauti ning SLS viima Maa orbiidile 130 tonni.<sup id="cite_ref-Deep_Space_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deep_Space-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Orion_Crew_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orion_Crew-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Esimene Orioni katselend toimus 2014. aastal.<sup id="cite_ref-First_Test_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-First_Test-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mehitamata_lendude_programmid">Mehitamata lendude programmid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Mehitamata lendude programmid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Mehitamata lendude programmid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:JWST_Full_Mirror.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/JWST_Full_Mirror.jpg/170px-JWST_Full_Mirror.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/JWST_Full_Mirror.jpg/255px-JWST_Full_Mirror.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/JWST_Full_Mirror.jpg/340px-JWST_Full_Mirror.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="1560" /></a><figcaption>James Webbi kosmoseteleskoobi peapeegel</figcaption></figure> <p>Esimene USA satelliit, mis jõudis orbiidile, oli Explorer 1, mis startis kaks kuud pärast Sputnikut.<sup id="cite_ref-Explorer_1_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Explorer_1-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pärast NASA loomist, võttis see Exploreri programmi üle ning see on endiselt aktiivne NASA programm.<sup id="cite_ref-Explorers_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Explorers-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Programmi missioonid keskenduvad Maale ja Päikesele, mõõtes muuhulgas ka <a href="/wiki/Magnetv%C3%A4li" title="Magnetväli">magnetvälju</a> ja <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4ikesetuul" title="Päikesetuul">päikesetuult</a>. </p><p>Päikesesüsteemi siseosa uurimine on olnud vähemalt nelja NASA programmi eesmärk. Esimene programm oli Marineri programm, mille raames saadeti kosmosesondid uurima <a href="/wiki/Merkuur" title="Merkuur">Merkuuri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veenus" title="Veenus">Veenust</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Marss" title="Marss">Marssi</a>. Marineri programmi raames sooritas <a href="/wiki/Mariner_2" title="Mariner 2">Mariner 2</a> esimese möödalennu teisest planeedist, <a href="/wiki/Mariner_4" title="Mariner 4">Mariner 4</a> pildistas esimest korda teist planeeti, <a href="/wiki/Mariner_9" title="Mariner 9">Mariner 9</a> jäi teise planeedi orbiidile tiirlema ning <a href="/wiki/Mariner_10" title="Mariner 10">Mariner 10</a> kasutas gravitatsioonitõmmet.<sup id="cite_ref-Mariner_Missions_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mariner_Missions-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1970. aastatel uuris NASA <a href="/wiki/Vikingi_programm" title="Vikingi programm">Vikingi programmi</a> raames Marssi ning 1976. aastal maandus Marsile Viking 1, mis oli esimene edukas maandumine Marsil.<sup id="cite_ref-Viking_1_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viking_1-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pärast Vikingi missioonide lõppu, tekkis NASA Marsi uuringutesse paus, mis kestis üle kümne aasta. NASA taasalustas Marsi uurimist 1990. aastatel, kui juulis 1997 maandus Marsile <a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder">Mars Pathfinder</a> ja septembris jäi Marsi orbiidile <a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pause_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pause-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1973. aastal külastas Jupiteri esimest korda NASA sond, <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pioneer_10_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pioneer_10-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, ja rohkem kui 20 aastat hiljem jäi Galileo esimese kosmosesondina Jupiteri orbiidile tiirlema. 1979. aastal külastas <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a> <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturni</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pioneer_11_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pioneer_11-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ja <a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a> sai seni ainsaks kosmosesondiks, mis on möödunud <a href="/wiki/Uraan_(planeet)" title="Uraan (planeet)">Uraanist</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Neptuun" title="Neptuun">Neptuunist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Voyager_2_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voyager_2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pioneer 10 oli pikka aega kaugeimale jõudnud kosmosesond, kuid 1998. aastal möödus sellest <a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a>, mis lahkus 2012. aastal Päikesesüsteemist.<sup id="cite_ref-Most_Distant_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Most_Distant-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lahkus_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lahkus-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hiljutised_ja_praegused_tegevused">Hiljutised ja praegused tegevused</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Muuda alaosa "Hiljutised ja praegused tegevused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=15" title="Muuda alaosa "Hiljutised ja praegused tegevused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm/220px--Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="95" data-mwtitle="Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART's_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fail:Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm/Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm/Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm/Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm/Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm/Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm/Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm/Behind_the_Scenes_Inspecting_DART%27s_Roll_Out_Solar_Array_ROSA_Technology.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Video NASA asteroiditõrjekatseks kasutatavast seadmest DART</figcaption></figure> <p>NASA käimasolevate missioonide hulka kuuluvad Marsi uurimismissioonid (<a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> ja <a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a>), Saturni uurimine ning Maa ja Päikese uurimine. Lisaks uurib kosmosesond <a href="/wiki/Juno_(kosmosesond)" title="Juno (kosmosesond)">Juno</a> Jupiteri, <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> Päikesesüsteemi välisosa ja <a href="/wiki/Voyageri_programm" title="Voyageri programm">Voyagerid</a> Päikesesüsteemi piirialasid. 2021. aastal peaks Maa orbiidile jõudma <a href="/wiki/James_Webbi_kosmoseteleskoop" title="James Webbi kosmoseteleskoop">James Webbi kosmoseteleskoop</a>, mida NASA on kirjeldanud kui Hubble'i kosmoseteleskoobi järglast.<sup id="cite_ref-Successor_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Successor-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alates 2011. aastast on NASA eesmärgid järgmised<sup id="cite_ref-Strategic_Plan_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strategic_Plan-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>Mehitatud kosmoselendude arvu suurendamine ja säilitamine</li> <li>Maa ja Universumi teadusliku uurimise laiendamine</li> <li>Innovatiivsete uute kosmosetehnoloogiate arendamine</li> <li>NASA informatsiooni jagamine üldsuse, õpetajate ja õpilastega, et võimaldada nende osalus NASA programmides</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allüksused"><span id="All.C3.BCksused"></span>Allüksused</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Muuda alaosa "Allüksused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=16" title="Muuda alaosa "Allüksused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Aerial_View_of_the_NASA_Ames_Research_Center_-_GPN-2000-001560.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Aerial_View_of_the_NASA_Ames_Research_Center_-_GPN-2000-001560.jpg/220px-Aerial_View_of_the_NASA_Ames_Research_Center_-_GPN-2000-001560.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Aerial_View_of_the_NASA_Ames_Research_Center_-_GPN-2000-001560.jpg/330px-Aerial_View_of_the_NASA_Ames_Research_Center_-_GPN-2000-001560.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Aerial_View_of_the_NASA_Ames_Research_Center_-_GPN-2000-001560.jpg/440px-Aerial_View_of_the_NASA_Ames_Research_Center_-_GPN-2000-001560.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2714" data-file-height="2396" /></a><figcaption>Õhuvaade Amesi Uurimiskeskusele</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Site_du_JPL_en_Californie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Site_du_JPL_en_Californie.jpg/250px-Site_du_JPL_en_Californie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Site_du_JPL_en_Californie.jpg/330px-Site_du_JPL_en_Californie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Site_du_JPL_en_Californie.jpg/500px-Site_du_JPL_en_Californie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2867" data-file-height="2242" /></a><figcaption>JPLi hooned</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Vehicle-Assembly-Building-July-6-2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Vehicle-Assembly-Building-July-6-2005.jpg/250px-Vehicle-Assembly-Building-July-6-2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Vehicle-Assembly-Building-July-6-2005.jpg/330px-Vehicle-Assembly-Building-July-6-2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Vehicle-Assembly-Building-July-6-2005.jpg/500px-Vehicle-Assembly-Building-July-6-2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1499" data-file-height="1151" /></a><figcaption>Kennedy Kosmosekeskuse Vehicle Assembly Building ja stardijuhtimiskeskus</figcaption></figure> <p>NASA allüksused on uurimis-, ehitus- ja sidekeskused, mis toetavad kosmoseagentuuri missioone. NASA allüksustest neli rajas <a href="/wiki/NACA" title="NACA">NACA</a>, kaks <a href="/wiki/Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_maav%C3%A4gi" title="Ameerika Ühendriikide maavägi">maavägi</a> ja ülejäänud ehitas NASA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NACA_rajatud_uurimiskeskused">NACA rajatud uurimiskeskused</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Muuda alaosa "NACA rajatud uurimiskeskused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=17" title="Muuda alaosa "NACA rajatud uurimiskeskused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Langley_Uurimiskeskus" title="Langley Uurimiskeskus">Langley Uurimiskeskus</a> (LaRC) asub <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hampton (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hamptonis</a> <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> osariigis. LaRC keskendub <a href="/wiki/Aeronautika" title="Aeronautika">aeronautikale</a>, kuid seal katsetati näiteks <a href="/wiki/Apollo_kuumoodul" title="Apollo kuumoodul">Apollo kuumoodulit</a> ning planeeriti mitmed suuremad kosmosemissioonid. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amesi_Uurimiskeskus" title="Amesi Uurimiskeskus">Amesi Uurimiskeskus</a> rajati <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>. aastal ning see asub <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> osariigis. Keskus nimetati NACA asutajaliikme <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Sweetman_Ames&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Sweetman Ames (pole veel kirjutatud)">Joseph Sweetman Amesi</a> järgi. Amesi Uurimiskeskus tegeles esmalt lennuvahendite <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuuletunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuuletunnel (pole veel kirjutatud)">tuuletunnelis</a> uurimisega, kuid hiljem on keskuse varasematele ülesannetele lisandunud aeronautika ja kosmoselendude tehnoloogia ning infotehnoloogiauuringud ja arendustöö.<sup id="cite_ref-Ames_Overview_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ames_Overview-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenni_Uurimiskeskus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glenni Uurimiskeskus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Glenni Uurimiskeskus</a> asub <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> osariigis ning selle põhilised ülesanded on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kr%C3%BCogeenika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krüogeenika (pole veel kirjutatud)">krüogeenika</a>, side, energia salvestamine ja muundamine, katsed mikrogravitatsioonis ning materjaliteadus. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armstrongi_Lennu-uuringute_Keskus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armstrongi Lennu-uuringute Keskus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Armstrongi Lennu-uuringute Keskus</a> asub California osariigis, <a href="/wiki/Edwardsi_%C3%B5huv%C3%A4ebaas" title="Edwardsi õhuväebaas">Edwardsi õhuväebaasis</a> ning see tegeleb aeronautikauuringutega. Keskus käitab ka mitmeid NASA lennumasinaid, sealhulgas <a href="/wiki/Stratospheric_Observatory_for_Infrared_Astronomy" title="Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy">Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomyt</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maaväe_rajatud_uurimiskeskused"><span id="Maav.C3.A4e_rajatud_uurimiskeskused"></span>Maaväe rajatud uurimiskeskused</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Muuda alaosa "Maaväe rajatud uurimiskeskused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=18" title="Muuda alaosa "Maaväe rajatud uurimiskeskused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> (JPL) asub Californias ning seda haldab <a href="/wiki/California_Tehnoloogiainstituut" title="California Tehnoloogiainstituut">California Tehnoloogiainstituut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_JPL_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_JPL-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JPLi peamised ülesanded on kosmoseaparaatide ehitamine ja käitamine ning Maa orbiidil tiirlevate ja astronoomiamissioonide korraldamine. Veel vastutab JPL <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCvakosmose_sidev%C3%B5rk" title="Süvakosmose sidevõrk">Süvakosmose sidevõrgu</a> käitamise eest. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marshalli_Kosmosekeskus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marshalli Kosmosekeskus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Marshalli Kosmosekeskus</a> asub <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> osariigis ning see on suurimaid NASA allüksusi. Marshall vastutab <a href="/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_Kosmosejaam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahvusvaheline Kosmosejaam">Rahvusvahelise Kosmosejaama</a> USA segmendi töö eest ning arendab <a href="/wiki/Rakettmootor" title="Rakettmootor">rakettmootoreid</a> ja mitmeid kosmoses kasutatavaid süsteeme.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_Center_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall_Center-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NASA_rajatud_uurimiskeskused">NASA rajatud uurimiskeskused</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Muuda alaosa "NASA rajatud uurimiskeskused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=19" title="Muuda alaosa "NASA rajatud uurimiskeskused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Goddardi_Kosmosekeskus" title="Goddardi Kosmosekeskus">Goddardi Kosmosekeskus</a> asub <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Marylandi</a> osariigis ning see rajati <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>. aastal. Keskus vastutab mehitamata kosmoseaparaatide arendamise ja ehituse eest ning käitab mitut kosmoseaparaatidega suhtlemiseks vajalikku sidevõrku. Goddardi Kosmosekeskus haldab Maad, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4ike" title="Päike">Päikest</a>, teisi planeete ja <a href="/wiki/Astrof%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Astrofüüsika">astrofüüsikat</a> uurivaid missioone.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_Goddard_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_Goddard-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Stennise_Kosmosekeskus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John C. Stennise Kosmosekeskus (pole veel kirjutatud)">John C. Stennise Kosmosekeskus</a> asub <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> osariigis ning see vastutab rakettmootorite arenduse eest. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnsoni_Kosmosekeskus" title="Lyndon B. Johnsoni Kosmosekeskus">Lyndon B. Johnsoni Kosmosekeskus</a> asub <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texases</a> ning see vastutab NASA mehitatud kosmoselendude maapealse juhtimise eest. Keskuses asub <a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_astronaudikorpus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NASA astronaudikorpus (pole veel kirjutatud)">NASA astronaudikorpus</a> ning seal koolitatakse NASA ja partnerriikide astronaute. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Kosmosekeskus" title="Kennedy Kosmosekeskus">Kennedy Kosmosekeskus</a> asub <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> osariigis ning see on NASA tuntumaid keskusi, kust on alates 1968. aastast startinud kõik USA mehitatud missioonid. Kosmosekeskuses paikneb <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Kosmosekeskuse_stardikompleks_39" title="Kennedy Kosmosekeskuse stardikompleks 39">39. stardikompleks</a>. Keskus on nimetatud <a href="/wiki/Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_president" title="Ameerika Ühendriikide president">president</a> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> auks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eelarve">Eelarve</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Muuda alaosa "Eelarve"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=20" title="Muuda alaosa "Eelarve" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NASA eelarve on tavaliselt umbes 1% föderaaleelarvest ning suurim oli see 1966. aastal, kui NASA eelarve moodustas föderaaleelarvest 4,41%.<sup id="cite_ref-Spending_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spending-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samas erineb üldsuse arvamus NASA eelarvest tunduvalt, sest 1997. aastal ameeriklaste seas korraldatud küsitluse tulemuste kohaselt, arvas enamus vastanutest, et NASA eelarve moodustab 20% föderaalsest eelarvest.<sup id="cite_ref-Poll_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poll-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA eelarve on pidevalt vähenenud alates Apollo programmist ja 2017. aastal oli see 19,5 miljardit dollarit ehk 0,489% föderaalsest eelarvest.<sup id="cite_ref-Budget_2017_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budget_2017-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=21" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_kosmosemissioonide_loend" title="NASA kosmosemissioonide loend">NASA kosmosemissioonide loend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">Mercury Seven</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=22" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Budget-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Budget_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planetary.org/space-policy/nasas-fy-2023-budget">"NASA's FY 2023 Budget"</a>. <i>The Planetary Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 01.01.2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Planetary+Society&rft.atitle=NASA%27s+FY+2023+Budget&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetary.org%2Fspace-policy%2Fnasas-fy-2023-budget&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dissolved-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dissolved_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_277.html">"Before NASA, There was NACA"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 20. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Before+NASA%2C+There+was+NACA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmultimedia%2Fimagegallery%2Fimage_feature_277.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Transfer-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Transfer_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171021200922/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/features/2010/95_anniversary.html">"The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics: Tracing NASA's 95-year-old Roots"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/features/2010/95_anniversary.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 21. oktoober 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 20. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=The+National+Advisory+Committee+for+Aeronautics%3A+Tracing+NASA%27s+95-year-old+Roots&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcenters%2Fames%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2F2010%2F95_anniversary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Operational-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Operational_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edn.com/electronics-blogs/edn-moments/4397492/NASA-becomes-operational--October-1--1958">"NASA becomes operational, October 1, 1958"</a>. <i>EDN Network</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 20. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EDN+Network&rft.atitle=NASA+becomes+operational%2C+October+1%2C+1958&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edn.com%2Felectronics-blogs%2Fedn-moments%2F4397492%2FNASA-becomes-operational--October-1--1958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bell-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bell_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170617152927/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/history/HistoricAircraft/X-1/index.html">"NASA - Dryden History - Historic Aircraft - X-1"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/history/HistoricAircraft/X-1/index.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 17. juuni 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 21. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=NASA+-+Dryden+History+-+Historic+Aircraft+-+X-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcenters%2Fdryden%2Fhistory%2FHistoricAircraft%2FX-1%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sputnik-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sputnik_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_924.html">"Sputnik 1"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 21. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Sputnik+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmultimedia%2Fimagegallery%2Fimage_feature_924.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Failure-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Failure_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=VAGT3">"Vanguard TV3"</a>. <i>NSSDCA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 21. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NSSDCA&rft.atitle=Vanguard+TV3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2FspacecraftDisplay.do%3Fid%3DVAGT3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glennan-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Glennan_8-0">8,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Glennan_8-1">8,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170214234112/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Biographies/glennan.html">"T. Keith Glennan"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Biographies/glennan.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 14. veebruar 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 21. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=T.+Keith+Glennan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hq.nasa.gov%2Foffice%2Fpao%2FHistory%2FBiographies%2Fglennan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA_Begins-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NASA_Begins_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170109183811/https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/apollo-to-the-moon/online/racing-to-space/nasa-begins.cfm">"NASA Begins"</a>. <i>National Air&Space Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/apollo-to-the-moon/online/racing-to-space/nasa-begins.cfm">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 9. jaanuar 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 21. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Air%26Space+Museum&rft.atitle=NASA+Begins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fairandspace.si.edu%2Fexhibitions%2Fapollo-to-the-moon%2Fonline%2Fracing-to-space%2Fnasa-begins.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Braun-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Braun_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170113095018/https://history.msfc.nasa.gov/vonbraun/bio.html">"Dr. Wernher von Braun"</a>. <i>MSFC History Office</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.msfc.nasa.gov/vonbraun/bio.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 13. jaanuar 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 21. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSFC+History+Office&rft.atitle=Dr.+Wernher+von+Braun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.msfc.nasa.gov%2Fvonbraun%2Fbio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-About_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/about/">"About JPL"</a>. <i>Jet Propulsion Laboratory</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 21. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft.atitle=About+JPL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Works-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Works_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.howstuffworks.com/nasa.htm">"How NASA Works"</a>. <i>How Stuff Works</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 22. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=How+Stuff+Works&rft.atitle=How+NASA+Works&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.howstuffworks.com%2Fnasa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bad_Habit-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bad_Habit_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/its-time-to-end-washington-rsquo-s-bad-habit-of-changing-nasa-rsquo-s-goals-in-midstream/">"It's Time to End Washington's Bad Habit of Changing NASA's Goals in Midstream"</a>. <i>Scientific American</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 22. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=It%27s+Time+to+End+Washington%E2%80%99s+Bad+Habit+of+Changing+NASA%E2%80%99s+Goals+in+Midstream&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fits-time-to-end-washington-rsquo-s-bad-habit-of-changing-nasa-rsquo-s-goals-in-midstream%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Take-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Take_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/2017/20160118-trump-nasa-admin-timeline.html">"Here's what history has to say about when Trump's NASA administrator will take office"</a>. <i>Planetary Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 22. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Planetary+Society&rft.atitle=Here%27s+what+history+has+to+say+about+when+Trump%27s+NASA+administrator+will+take+office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetary.org%2Fblogs%2Fjason-davis%2F2017%2F20160118-trump-nasa-admin-timeline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Presidential-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Presidential_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160530225641/http://www.ozy.com/2016/your-presidential-candidates-for-the-milky-way/69557">"Your Presidential candidates ... for the milky way"</a>. <i>OZY</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ozy.com/2016/your-presidential-candidates-for-the-milky-way/69557">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 30. mai 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 22. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OZY&rft.atitle=Your+Presidential+candidates+...+for+the+milky+way&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ozy.com%2F2016%2Fyour-presidential-candidates-for-the-milky-way%2F69557&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090427094655/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/download-detail.cfm?DL_ID=4">NASA 2003 Strategic Plan</a> NASA. <span style="font-size:90%;">Kasutatud 15.08.2009 <span style="font-size:90%;">(inglise)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mothership-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mothership_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Gallery/Photo/X-15/HTML/E-4942.html">"X-15 launch from B-52 mothership"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 23. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=X-15+launch+from+B-52+mothership&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfrc.nasa.gov%2FGallery%2FPhoto%2FX-15%2FHTML%2FE-4942.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flights-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Flights_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/X-15-aircraft">"X-15"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 23. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=X-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftechnology%2FX-15-aircraft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Multi-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Multi_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/incredible-story-of-joe-walker-2014-8">"The First Human Being To Go To Space Twice Did It In NASA's Astonishing Early-60s Space Plane"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 23. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+First+Human+Being+To+Go+To+Space+Twice+Did+It+In+NASA%27s+Astonishing+Early-60s+Space+Plane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fincredible-story-of-joe-walker-2014-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Walker_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theaviationist.com/2014/08/07/x-15-altitude-record/">"The story of the pilot who flew the North American X-15 experimental rocket aircraft at the edge of outer space"</a>. <i>The Aviationist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 23. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Aviationist&rft.atitle=The+story+of+the+pilot+who+flew+the+North+American+X-15+experimental+rocket+aircraft+at+the+edge+of+outer+space&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheaviationist.com%2F2014%2F08%2F07%2Fx-15-altitude-record%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vital-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Vital_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aerospaceweb.org/aircraft/research/x15/">"North American X-15 High-Speed Research Aircraft"</a>. <i>Aerospace Web</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 23. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aerospace+Web&rft.atitle=North+American+X-15+High-Speed+Research+Aircraft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aerospaceweb.org%2Faircraft%2Fresearch%2Fx15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Selection-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Selection_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mercury/missions/astronaut.html">"Project Mercury Overview - Astronaut Selection"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 23. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Project+Mercury+Overview+-+Astronaut+Selection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fmercury%2Fmissions%2Fastronaut.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-First_Step-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-First_Step_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/shepards-mercury-flight-was-first-step-on-the-long-journey-to-mars">"Shepard's Mercury Flight Was First Step on the Long Journey to Mars"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 23. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Shepard%27s+Mercury+Flight+Was+First+Step+on+the+Long+Journey+to+Mars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ffeature%2Fshepards-mercury-flight-was-first-step-on-the-long-journey-to-mars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-First_Man-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-First_Man_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/16159-first-man-in-space.html">"Yuri Gagarin: First Man in Space"</a>. <i>Space.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 23. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Yuri+Gagarin%3A+First+Man+in+Space&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F16159-first-man-in-space.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Mall:Netiviide" title="Mall:Netiviide">netiviide</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">eiran teksti "The Greatest Moments in Flight" (<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Viitamismallide_vead#text_ignored" title="Juhend:Viitamismallide vead">juhend</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mercury_Summary-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mercury_Summary_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110916001228/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mercury/missions/manned_flights.html">"Mercury Crewed Flights Summary"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mercury/missions/manned_flights.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 16. september 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 23. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Mercury+Crewed+Flights+Summary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fmercury%2Fmissions%2Fmanned_flights.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apollo_Begins-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_Begins_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jfklibrary.org/Exhibits/Special-Exhibits/Freedom-7-Space-Capsule.aspx">"Freedom 7 Space Capsule"</a>. <i>JFK Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 23. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JFK+Library&rft.atitle=Freedom+7+Space+Capsule&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jfklibrary.org%2FExhibits%2FSpecial-Exhibits%2FFreedom-7-Space-Capsule.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gemini_Missions-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gemini_Missions_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-was-gemini-program-58.html">"What Was the Gemini Program?"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=What+Was+the+Gemini+Program%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Faudience%2Fforstudents%2F5-8%2Ffeatures%2Fnasa-knows%2Fwhat-was-gemini-program-58.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gemini_7-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gemini_7_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160720050858/http://www.nasa.gov/feature/gemini-viis-50th-anniversary/">"Gemini VII's 50th Anniversary"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/gemini-viis-50th-anniversary">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 20. juuli 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Gemini+VII%27s+50th+Anniversary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ffeature%2Fgemini-viis-50th-anniversary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cost-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cost_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/186600-apollo-11-moon-landing-45-years-looking-back-at-mankinds-giant-leap">"The Apollo 11 moon landing, 45 years on: Looking back at mankind's giant leap"</a>. <i>Extreme Tech</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Extreme+Tech&rft.atitle=The+Apollo+11+moon+landing%2C+45+years+on%3A+Looking+back+at+mankind%E2%80%99s+giant+leap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.extremetech.com%2Fextreme%2F186600-apollo-11-moon-landing-45-years-looking-back-at-mankinds-giant-leap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apollo_9-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_9_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111027200206/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4205/ch12-5.html">"Apollo 9: Earth Orbital trials"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4205/ch12-5.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 27. oktoober 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Apollo+9%3A+Earth+Orbital+trials&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hq.nasa.gov%2Foffice%2Fpao%2FHistory%2FSP-4205%2Fch12-5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apollo_10-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_10_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111027193342/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4205/ch12-7.html">"Apollo 10: The Dress Rehearsal"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4205/ch12-7.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 27. oktoober 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Apollo+10%3A+The+Dress+Rehearsal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hq.nasa.gov%2Foffice%2Fpao%2FHistory%2FSP-4205%2Fch12-7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apollo_11-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_11_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/16758-apollo-11-first-moon-landing.html">"Apollo 11: First Men on the Moon"</a>. <i>Space.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Apollo+11%3A+First+Men+on+the+Moon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F16758-apollo-11-first-moon-landing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moonwalking-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Moonwalking_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/17317-nasa-apollo-moon-astronauts.html">"NASA's Moonwalking Apollo Astronauts: Where Are They Now?"</a>. <i>Space.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=NASA%27s+Moonwalking+Apollo+Astronauts%3A+Where+Are+They+Now%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F17317-nasa-apollo-moon-astronauts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Returned-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Returned_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onthisday.com/date/1972/december/19">"What Happened on December 19, 1972"</a>. <i>On This Day</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day&rft.atitle=What+Happened+on+December+19%2C+1972&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onthisday.com%2Fdate%2F1972%2Fdecember%2F19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skylab-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Skylab_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.howstuffworks.com/space-station3.htm">"Skylab: America's First Space Station"</a>. <i>How Stuff Works</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=How+Stuff+Works&rft.atitle=Skylab%3A+America%27s+First+Space+Station&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.howstuffworks.com%2Fspace-station3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skylab_Launch-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Skylab_Launch_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edn.com/electronics-blogs/edn-moments/4373819/Skylab-launched-into-space--May-14--1973">"Skylab launches into space, May 14, 1973"</a>. <i>EDN Network</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EDN+Network&rft.atitle=Skylab+launches+into+space%2C+May+14%2C+1973&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edn.com%2Felectronics-blogs%2Fedn-moments%2F4373819%2FSkylab-launched-into-space--May-14--1973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skylab_Crews-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Skylab_Crews_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210517225801/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/skylab/missions/skylab_manned.html">"The Skylab Crewed Missions"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/skylab/missions/skylab_manned.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 17. mai 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=The+Skylab+Crewed+Missions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fskylab%2Fmissions%2Fskylab_manned.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Re-Entry-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Re-Entry_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/news/the-day-skylab-crashed-to-earth-facts-about-the-first-u-s-space-stations-re-entry">"The Day Skylab Crashed to Earth: Facts About the First U.S. Space Station's Re-Entry"</a>. <i>History.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History.com&rft.atitle=The+Day+Skylab+Crashed+to+Earth%3A+Facts+About+the+First+U.S.+Space+Station%E2%80%99s+Re-Entry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-day-skylab-crashed-to-earth-facts-about-the-first-u-s-space-stations-re-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shuttle-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Shuttle_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180618032455/https://www.nasa.gov/agency/crm/shuttle/orbiter.html">"History of NASA's Orbiters"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/agency/crm/shuttle/orbiter.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 18. juuni 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=History+of+NASA%27s+Orbiters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fagency%2Fcrm%2Fshuttle%2Forbiter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-First_STS-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-First_STS_40-0">40,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-First_STS_40-1">40,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_2488.html">"First Shuttle Launch"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=First+Shuttle+Launch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmultimedia%2Fimagegallery%2Fimage_feature_2488.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shuttle_Stats-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Shuttle_Stats_41-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421200935/https://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/reference/basics/index.html">"Space Shuttle Basics"</a>. <i>NASA Human Spaceflight</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/reference/basics/index.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 21. aprill 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Human+Spaceflight&rft.atitle=Space+Shuttle+Basics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceflight.nasa.gov%2Fshuttle%2Freference%2Fbasics%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Disaster_One-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Disaster_One_42-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/18084-space-shuttle-challenger.html">"Challenger: Shuttle Disaster That Changed NASA"</a>. <i>Space.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Challenger%3A+Shuttle+Disaster+That+Changed+NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F18084-space-shuttle-challenger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Disaster_Two-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Disaster_Two_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/18008-space-shuttle-columbia.html">"Columbia: First Shuttle in Space"</a>. <i>Space.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Columbia%3A+First+Shuttle+in+Space&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F18008-space-shuttle-columbia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Endeavour-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Endeavour_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/18123-space-shuttle-endeavour.html">"Endeavour: NASA's Youngest Shuttle"</a>. <i>Space.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Endeavour%3A+NASA%27s+Youngest+Shuttle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F18123-space-shuttle-endeavour.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lõpp-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lõpp_45-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170824223126/http://www.novaator.ee/ET/kosmos/kosmosesustikute_ajastu_on_loppenud">"Kosmosesüstikute ajastu on lõppenud"</a>. <i>Novaator</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novaator.ee/ET/kosmos/kosmosesustikute_ajastu_on_loppenud">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 24. august 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Novaator&rft.atitle=Kosmoses%C3%BCstikute+ajastu+on+l%C3%B5ppenud&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.novaator.ee%2FET%2Fkosmos%2Fkosmosesustikute_ajastu_on_loppenud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Least_Four-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Least_Four_46-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/fs-2017-02-198-ksc_ccp_olia_fact_sheet_web.pdf">"Commercial Crew Transportation Fact Sheet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Commercial+Crew+Transportation+Fact+Sheet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fatoms%2Ffiles%2Ffs-2017-02-198-ksc_ccp_olia_fact_sheet_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180_Days-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-180_Days_47-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-091614a-nasa-cctcap-boeing-spacex.html">"NASA selects Boeing, SpaceX capsules to fly astronauts to space station"</a>. <i>Collect Space</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collect+Space&rft.atitle=NASA+selects+Boeing%2C+SpaceX+capsules+to+fly+astronauts+to+space+station&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectspace.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-091614a-nasa-cctcap-boeing-spacex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-First_Round-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-First_Round_48-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1002/02ccdev/">"NASA selects winners of first commercial crew contest"</a>. <i>Spaceflight Now</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spaceflight+Now&rft.atitle=NASA+selects+winners+of+first+commercial+crew+contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspaceflightnow.com%2Fnews%2Fn1002%2F02ccdev%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Second_Round-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Second_Round_49-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110419234227/http://space.flatoday.net/2011/04/nasa-awards-270-million-for-commercial.html">"NASA awards $270 million for commercial crew efforts"</a>. <i>Florida Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://space.flatoday.net/2011/04/nasa-awards-270-million-for-commercial.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 19. aprill 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Florida+Today&rft.atitle=NASA+awards+%24270+million+for+commercial+crew+efforts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspace.flatoday.net%2F2011%2F04%2Fnasa-awards-270-million-for-commercial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Third_Round-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Third_Round_50-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112011302/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/news/releases/2012/release-20120803.html">"NASA Announces Next Steps in Effort to Launch Americans from U.S. Soil"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/news/releases/2012/release-20120803.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 12. november 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=NASA+Announces+Next+Steps+in+Effort+to+Launch+Americans+from+U.S.+Soil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcenters%2Fkennedy%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F2012%2Frelease-20120803.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Uncertain_Awards-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Uncertain_Awards_51-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacenews.com/41924nasa-commercial-crew-awards-leave-unanswered-questions/">"NASA Commercial Crew Awards Leave Unanswered Questions"</a>. <i>Space News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space+News&rft.atitle=NASA+Commercial+Crew+Awards+Leave+Unanswered+Questions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2F41924nasa-commercial-crew-awards-leave-unanswered-questions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dragonfly-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dragonfly_52-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/spacex-crew-dragon-demo-2-splashdown.html">"SpaceX Crew Dragon makes historic 1st splashdown to return NASA astronauts home"</a>. <i>Space.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 11. septembril 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=SpaceX+Crew+Dragon+makes+historic+1st+splashdown+to+return+NASA+astronauts+home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fspacex-crew-dragon-demo-2-splashdown.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Starliner-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Starliner_53-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/boeing-s-starliner-makes-progress-ahead-of-flight-test-with-astronauts">"Boeing's Starliner Makes Progress Ahead of Flight Test with Astronauts"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 11. septembril 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Boeing%E2%80%99s+Starliner+Makes+Progress+Ahead+of+Flight+Test+with+Astronauts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ffeature%2Fboeing-s-starliner-makes-progress-ahead-of-flight-test-with-astronauts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eliminate-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Eliminate_54-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/31/AR2010013101058.html">"NASA budget for 2011 eliminates funds for manned lunar missions"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 25. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=NASA+budget+for+2011+eliminates+funds+for+manned+lunar+missions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2010%2F01%2F31%2FAR2010013101058.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Announced-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Announced_55-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newatlas.com/nasa-space-launch-system/19840/">"NASA announces world's biggest-ever rocket to take man to Mars and beyond"</a>. <i>New Atlas</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 25. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Atlas&rft.atitle=NASA+announces+world%E2%80%99s+biggest-ever+rocket+to+take+man+to+Mars+and+beyond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewatlas.com%2Fnasa-space-launch-system%2F19840%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Finally-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Finally_56-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2011/09/sls-finally-announced-nasa-forward-path/">"LS finally announced by NASA – Forward path taking shape"</a>. <i>NASA Spaceflight</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 25. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Spaceflight&rft.atitle=LS+finally+announced+by+NASA+%E2%80%93+Forward+path+taking+shape&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2011%2F09%2Fsls-finally-announced-nasa-forward-path%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deep_Space-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Deep_Space_57-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120413084219/http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/sls1.html">"NASA Announces Design for New Deep Space Exploration System"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/sls1.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 13. aprill 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 25. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=NASA+Announces+Design+for+New+Deep+Space+Exploration+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fexploration%2Fsystems%2Fsls%2Fsls1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orion_Crew-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Orion_Crew_58-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-orion-58.html">"What Is Orion?"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 25. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=What+Is+Orion%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Faudience%2Fforstudents%2F5-8%2Ffeatures%2Fnasa-knows%2Fwhat-is-orion-58.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-First_Test-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-First_Test_59-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/december/nasa-s-new-orion-spacecraft-completes-first-spaceflight-test">"NASA's New Orion Spacecraft Completes First Spaceflight Test"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 25. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=NASA%E2%80%99s+New+Orion+Spacecraft+Completes+First+Spaceflight+Test&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpress%2F2014%2Fdecember%2Fnasa-s-new-orion-spacecraft-completes-first-spaceflight-test&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Explorer_1-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Explorer_1_60-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/explorer/explorer-overview.html">"Explorer 1 Overview"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 26. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Explorer+1+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fexplorer%2Fexplorer-overview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Explorers-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Explorers_61-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorers.gsfc.nasa.gov/history.html">"History of the Explorers Program"</a>. <i>NASA GSFC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 26. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+GSFC&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Explorers+Program&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplorers.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mariner_Missions-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mariner_Missions_62-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/mars/mariner.html">"The Mariner Missions"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 26. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=The+Mariner+Missions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fplanetary%2Fmars%2Fmariner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Viking_1-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Viking_1_63-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/viking-1/">"Viking 1"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 26. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Viking+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fviking-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pause-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pause_64-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/13558-historic-mars-missions.html">"A Brief History of Mars Missions"</a>. <i>Space.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 26. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+Mars+Missions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F13558-historic-mars-missions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pioneer_10-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pioneer_10_65-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/content/forty-years-ago-pioneer-10-closest-approach-to-jupiter">"Forty Years Ago, Pioneer 10's Closest Approach to Jupiter"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 26. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Forty+Years+Ago%2C+Pioneer+10%27s+Closest+Approach+to+Jupiter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcontent%2Fforty-years-ago-pioneer-10-closest-approach-to-jupiter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pioneer_11-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pioneer_11_66-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208051756/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer11/indepth">"Pioneer 11: In Depth"</a>. <i>NASA SSE</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer11/indepth">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 8. detsember 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 26. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+SSE&rft.atitle=Pioneer+11%3A+In+Depth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fpioneer11%2Findepth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voyager_2-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Voyager_2_67-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/16/15810926/nasa-uranus-neptune-mission-voyager-2-spacecraft">"It's time to explore Uranus and Neptune again — and here's how NASA could do it"</a>. <i>The Verge</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 26. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=It%E2%80%99s+time+to+explore+Uranus+and+Neptune+again+%E2%80%94+and+here%27s+how+NASA+could+do+it&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2017%2F6%2F16%2F15810926%2Fnasa-uranus-neptune-mission-voyager-2-spacecraft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Most_Distant-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Most_Distant_68-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/frequently-asked-questions/fast-facts/">"Voyager Fast Facts"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 26. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Voyager+Fast+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoyager.jpl.nasa.gov%2Ffrequently-asked-questions%2Ffast-facts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lahkus-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lahkus_69-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atlas.postimees.ee/2050416/nasa-usa-kosmosesond-lahkus-paikesesusteemist">"NASA: USA kosmosesond lahkus Päikesesüsteemist"</a>. <i>Postimees</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 26. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Postimees&rft.atitle=NASA%3A+USA+kosmosesond+lahkus+P%C3%A4ikeses%C3%BCsteemist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatlas.postimees.ee%2F2050416%2Fnasa-usa-kosmosesond-lahkus-paikesesusteemist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Successor-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Successor_70-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jwst.nasa.gov/comparison_about.html">"JWST vs Hubble Telescope"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 26. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=JWST+vs+Hubble+Telescope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjwst.nasa.gov%2Fcomparison_about.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strategic_Plan-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Strategic_Plan_71-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181007012012/https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/516579main_NASA2011StrategicPlan.pdf">"2011 NASA Strategic Plane"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/516579main_NASA2011StrategicPlan.pdf">Originaali</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> arhiivikoopia seisuga 7. oktoober 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 26. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=2011+NASA+Strategic+Plane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpdf%2F516579main_NASA2011StrategicPlan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ames_Overview-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ames_Overview_72-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928042152/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/about/overview.html">"NASA's Center in Silicon Valley"</a>. <i>NASA Ames</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/about/overview.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 28. september 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 20. septembril 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Ames&rft.atitle=NASA%27s+Center+in+Silicon+Valley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcenters%2Fames%2Fabout%2Foverview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA_JPL-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NASA_JPL_73-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/">"About JPL"</a>. <i>NASA JPL</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 20. septembril 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+JPL&rft.atitle=About+JPL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marshall_Center-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_Center_74-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111025125133/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/pdf/159998main_MSFC_Fact_sheet.pdf">"NASA's Marshall Center Has Major Role in Current and Future Space Exploration"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>NASA Marshall</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/pdf/159998main_MSFC_Fact_sheet.pdf">Originaali</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> arhiivikoopia seisuga 25. oktoober 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 20. septembril 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Marshall&rft.atitle=NASA%E2%80%99s+Marshall+Center+Has+Major+Role+in+Current+and+Future+Space+Exploration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcenters%2Fmarshall%2Fpdf%2F159998main_MSFC_Fact_sheet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA_Goddard-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NASA_Goddard_75-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard-missions-present">"Goddard Missions - Present"</a>. <i>NASA Goddard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 20. septembril 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Goddard&rft.atitle=Goddard+Missions+-+Present&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcontent%2Fgoddard-missions-present&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spending-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Spending_76-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2010/feb/01/nasa-budgets-us-spending-space-travel">"NASA budgets: US spending on space travel since 1958 UPDATED"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 27. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=NASA+budgets%3A+US+spending+on+space+travel+since+1958+UPDATED&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2Fdatablog%2F2010%2Ffeb%2F01%2Fnasa-budgets-us-spending-space-travel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poll-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Poll_77-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academia.edu/179045/_Public_Opinion_Polls_and_Perceptions_of_US_Human_Spaceflight_">"Public Opinion Polls and Perceptions of US Human Spaceflight"</a>. <i>Division of Space History, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 27. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Division+of+Space+History%2C+National+Air+and+Space+Museum%2C+Smithsonian+Institution.&rft.atitle=Public+Opinion+Polls+and+Perceptions+of+US+Human+Spaceflight&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F179045%2F_Public_Opinion_Polls_and_Perceptions_of_US_Human_Spaceflight_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Budget_2017-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Budget_2017_78-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://futurism.com/congress-just-passed-nasas-19-5-billion-budget/">"Congress Just Passed NASA's $19.5 Billion Budget"</a>. <i>Futurism</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 27. augustil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Futurism&rft.atitle=Congress+Just+Passed+NASA%E2%80%99s+%2419.5+Billion+Budget&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffuturism.com%2Fcongress-just-passed-nasas-19-5-billion-budget%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ANASA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Välislingid"><span id="V.C3.A4lislingid"></span>Välislingid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&section=23" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6724296">.mw-parser-output table.side-box{margin:4px 0;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output th.side-box-text,.mw-parser-output td.side-box-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.side-box a>img{max-width:none!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-left{margin-right:1em;border-collapse:collapse}}</style><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Pildid, videod ja helifailid Commonsis: <b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/NASA?uselang=et">NASA</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov">NASA koduleht</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox" style=";;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6393697">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:2px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.15em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccccff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddddff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox td .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td .hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox a{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin:0 0.5em}</style><table class="mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" scope="col" colspan="2" style=";;padding:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6347537">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{margin:0;display:inline-block;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:-0.125em;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .navbar li:not(:last-child):after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbar.mini li abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}</style><div class="navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Kosmoselend" title="Mall:Kosmoselend"><abbr title="Vaata seda malli">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Eri:EditPage/Mall:Kosmoselend" title="Eri:EditPage/Mall:Kosmoselend"><abbr title="Redigeeri seda malli">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="margin:0 4em;"><a href="/wiki/Kosmoselend" title="Kosmoselend">Kosmoselend</a></div></th></tr><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=";;">Üldist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrod%C3%BCnaamika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrodünaamika (pole veel kirjutatud)">Astrodünaamika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Satelliidi_testimine" title="Satelliidi testimine">Satelliidi testimine</a></div> </td> </tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" style=";;">Kasutusvaldkonnad</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Kaugseire" title="Kaugseire">Kaugseire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Satelliitokeanograafia" title="Satelliitokeanograafia">Okeanograafia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Satelliidifoto" title="Satelliidifoto">Foto</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kosmoseluure" title="Kosmoseluure">Luure</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Kosmoseturism" title="Kosmoseturism">Kosmoseturism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Satelliitnavigatsioon" title="Satelliitnavigatsioon">Navigatsioon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Satelliitringh%C3%A4%C3%A4ling" title="Satelliitringhääling">Ringhääling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Satelliittelevisioon" title="Satelliittelevisioon">Satelliittelevisioon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Satelliitraadio" title="Satelliitraadio">Satelliitraadio</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Satelliitside" title="Satelliitside">Satelliitside</a></div> </td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" style=";;">Mehitatud kosmoselend</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=";;border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=";;">Üldist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Kosmonaut" title="Kosmonaut">Kosmonaut</a> • <a href="/wiki/Skafander" title="Skafander">Skafander</a></div> </td> </tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" style=";;">Ohud</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Kosmiline_kiirgus" title="Kosmiline kiirgus">Kosmiline kiirgus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vaakum" title="Vaakum">Vaakum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kaalutus" title="Kaalutus">Kaalutus</a></div> </td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" style=";;">Suurprojektid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Apollo_programm" title="Apollo programm">Apollo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gemini_programm" title="Gemini programm">Gemini</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_kosmosejaam" title="Rahvusvaheline kosmosejaam">Rahvusvaheline kosmosejaam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mercury_programm" title="Mercury programm">Mercury</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhou (pole veel kirjutatud)">Shenzhou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sojuzi_programm" title="Sojuzi programm">Sojuz</a> • <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle%27i_programm" title="Space Shuttle'i programm">Space Shuttle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Voshodi_programm" title="Voshodi programm">Voshod</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vostoki_programm" title="Vostoki programm">Vostok</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table><div></div> </td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Kosmoseaparaat" title="Kosmoseaparaat">Kosmoseaparaadid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kosmoseaparaatide_loend" title="Kosmoseaparaatide loend">loend</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Kanderakett" title="Kanderakett">Kanderakett</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rakett" title="Rakett">Rakett</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmoseaparaadi_t%C3%A4iturs%C3%BCsteemid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmoseaparaadi täitursüsteemid (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kosmoseaparaadi täitursüsteemid</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kosmoselennuk" title="Kosmoselennuk">Kosmoselennuk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tehiskaaslane" title="Tehiskaaslane">Tehiskaaslane</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kosmosesond" title="Kosmosesond">Sond</a> • <a href="/wiki/Orbitaaljaam" title="Orbitaaljaam">Orbitaaljaam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kosmoselaev" title="Kosmoselaev">Kosmoselaev</a></div> </td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" style=";;">Sihtmärgid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballistiline_trajektoor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ballistiline trajektoor (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ballistiline</a> • <a href="/wiki/Orbiit" title="Orbiit">Orbiit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maa-l%C3%A4hedane_orbiit" title="Maa-lähedane orbiit">Maa-lähedane</a> • <a href="/wiki/Geostatsionaarne_orbiit" title="Geostatsionaarne orbiit">Geostatsionaarne</a> • <a href="/wiki/Selenotsentriline_orbiit" title="Selenotsentriline orbiit">Selenotsentriline</a>)</div> </td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" style=";;">Õhkutõus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Kosmiline_kiirus" title="Kosmiline kiirus">Kosmiline kiirus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kosmodroom" title="Kosmodroom">Kosmodroom</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stardiplatvorm" title="Stardiplatvorm">Stardiplatvorm</a></div> </td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmoseagentuur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmoseagentuur (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kosmoseagentuurid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/CNES" class="mw-redirect" title="CNES">CNES</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hiina_Riiklik_Kosmoseamet" title="Hiina Riiklik Kosmoseamet">CNSA</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kanada_Kosmoseagentuur" title="Kanada Kosmoseagentuur">CSA</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euroopa_Kosmoseagentuur" title="Euroopa Kosmoseagentuur">ESA</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISRO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISRO (pole veel kirjutatud)">ISRO</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jaapani_Kosmoseuurimise_Agentuur" title="Jaapani Kosmoseuurimise Agentuur">JAXA</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">NASA</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=RKA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RKA (pole veel kirjutatud)">RKA</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NASA&oldid=6740170">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NASA&oldid=6740170</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooriad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_valitsusagentuurid" title="Kategooria:Ameerika Ühendriikide valitsusagentuurid">Ameerika Ühendriikide valitsusagentuurid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Kosmoseagentuurid" title="Kategooria:Kosmoseagentuurid">Kosmoseagentuurid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:NASA" title="Kategooria:NASA">NASA</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooriad: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_vead:_tundmatu_parameeter" title="Kategooria:CS1 vead: tundmatu parameeter">CS1 vead: tundmatu parameeter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist_ootavad_(august_2022)" title="Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist ootavad (august 2022)">Keeletoimetamist ootavad (august 2022)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist_ootavad" title="Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist ootavad">Keeletoimetamist ootavad</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 21:05, 7. oktoober 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. Täpsemalt vaata <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Wikimedia kasutamistingimustest</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Andmekaitsepõhimõtted</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Tiitelandmed">Tiitelandmed</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:%C3%9Cldine_lahti%C3%BCtlus">Lahtiütlused</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Käitumisjuhis</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Arendajad</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/et.wikipedia.org">Arvandmed</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Küpsiste avaldus</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//et.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NASA&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobiilivaade</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Otsing</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Otsi Vikipeediast"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Eri:Otsimine"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Otsi</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">NASA</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>149 keelt</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Lisa teema</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-845f5977-pl428","wgBackendResponseTime":153,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.619","walltime":"0.729","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5374,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":131771,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9397,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":231279,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 595.182 1 -total"," 55.30% 329.153 1 Mall:Viited"," 46.42% 276.255 77 Mall:Netiviide"," 12.70% 75.584 1 Mall:Commons"," 12.44% 74.012 1 Mall:Sõsarprojekt"," 12.17% 72.454 1 Mall:Äärekast"," 12.04% 71.649 1 Mall:Keeletoimeta"," 9.98% 59.392 1 Mall:Ambox"," 8.49% 50.515 1 Mall:Infokast_organisatsioon"," 8.11% 48.289 1 Mall:Infokast"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.368","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5406988,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c6f46dcf-2gc7q","timestamp":"20250329104521","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"NASA","url":"https:\/\/et.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NASA","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q23548","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q23548","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia projektide kaast\u00f6\u00f6lised"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-01-23T18:26:55Z","dateModified":"2024-10-07T18:05:49Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e5\/NASA_logo.svg"}</script> </body> </html>