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Musicians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='composers-and-conductors'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture/composers-and-conductors'><span>Composers and Conductors</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='educators'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture/educators'><span>Educators</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='film-television'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture/film-television'><span>Film & Television</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='food-cuisine'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture/food-cuisine'><span>Food/Cuisine</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='history'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture/history'><span>History</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='minorities-in-the-arts-diverse-communities'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture/minorities-in-the-arts-diverse-communities'><span>Minorities in the Arts/ Diverse Communities</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='music-educators'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture/music-educators'><span>Music Educators</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='music-groups'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture/music-groups'><span>Music Groups</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='music-industry'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture/music-industry'><span>Music Industry</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='musicians'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture/musicians'><span>Musicians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='performers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture/performers'><span>Performers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='radio'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture/radio'><span>Radio</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='singers-songwriters'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture/singers-songwriters'><span>Singers & Songwriters</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='theatre'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture/theatre'><span>Theatre</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='women'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture/women'><span>Women</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='writers-academics'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture/writers-academics'><span>Writers & Academics</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='business-economics'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/business-economics'><span>Business & Economics</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='businessmen'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/business-economics/businessmen'><span>Businessmen</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='businesswomen'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/business-economics/businesswomen'><span>Businesswomen</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='economists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/business-economics/economists'><span>Economists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='entrepreneurs'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/business-economics/entrepreneurs'><span>Entrepreneurs</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='industry'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/business-economics/industry'><span>Industry</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='philanthropists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/business-economics/philanthropists'><span>Philanthropists</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='communities-sociology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology'><span>Communities & Sociology</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='american-canadians'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology/american-canadians'><span>American Canadians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='arab-and-middle-east-canadians'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology/arab-and-middle-east-canadians'><span>Arab and Middle-East Canadians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='asian-canadians'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology/asian-canadians'><span>Asian Canadians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='black-and-african-canadians'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology/black-and-african-canadians'><span>Black and African Canadians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='education'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology/education'><span>Education</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='european-canadians'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology/european-canadians'><span>European Canadians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='faith-based-communities'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology/faith-based-communities'><span>Faith-based Communities</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='francophones'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology/francophones'><span>Francophones</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='historical-figures'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology/historical-figures'><span>Historical Figures</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='immigrants-and-refugees'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology/immigrants-and-refugees'><span>Immigrants and Refugees</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='indigenous-peoples'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology/indigenous-peoples'><span>Indigenous Peoples</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='lgbtq2s'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology/lgbtq2s'><span>LGBTQ2S</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='latin-american-canadians'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology/latin-american-canadians'><span>Latin American Canadians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='leaders-activists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology/leaders-activists'><span>Leaders & Activists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='women'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology/women'><span>Women</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='education'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/education'><span>Education</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='archivists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/education/archivists'><span>Archivists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='curators'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/education/curators'><span>Curators</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='historians'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/education/historians'><span>Historians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='indigenous-peoples'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/education/indigenous-peoples'><span>Indigenous Peoples</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='lgbtq2s'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/education/lgbtq2s'><span>LGBTQ2S</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='teachers-educators'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/education/teachers-educators'><span>Teachers & Educators</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='women'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/education/women'><span>Women</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='history-historical-figures'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures'><span>History/Historical Figures</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='atlantic-canada'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/atlantic-canada'><span>Atlantic Canada</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='confederation'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/confederation'><span>Confederation</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='explorers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/explorers'><span>Explorers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='fur-trade'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/fur-trade'><span>Fur Trade</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='indigenous-people'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/indigenous-people'><span>Indigenous People</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='lower-canada'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/lower-canada'><span>Lower Canada</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='military'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/military'><span>Military</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='new-france'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/new-france'><span>New France</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='upper-canada'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/upper-canada'><span>Upper Canada</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='western-and-northwestern-canada'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/western-and-northwestern-canada'><span>Western and Northwestern Canada</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='women'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures/women'><span>Women</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='military'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military'><span>Military</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='air-force'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/air-force'><span>Air Force</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='army'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/army'><span>Army</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-asian-canadians'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/mp-asian-canadians'><span>Asian Canadians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='black-canadians'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/black-canadians'><span>Black Canadians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='british-colonial-forces'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/british-colonial-forces'><span>British Colonial Forces</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='colonial'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/colonial'><span>Colonial</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='first-world-war'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/first-world-war'><span>First World War</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='indigenous-peoples'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/indigenous-peoples'><span>Indigenous Peoples</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='korean-war'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/korean-war'><span>Korean War</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='medical-personnel'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/medical-personnel'><span>Medical Personnel</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='navy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/navy'><span>Navy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='north-west-rebellion'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/north-west-rebellion'><span>North-West Rebellion</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='peacekeeping-and-the-united-nations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/peacekeeping-and-the-united-nations'><span>Peacekeeping and the United Nations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-prisoners-of-war'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/mp-prisoners-of-war'><span>Prisoners of War</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='second-world-war'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/second-world-war'><span>Second World War</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='south-african-war'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/south-african-war'><span>South African War</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='victoria-cross-recipients'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/victoria-cross-recipients'><span>Victoria Cross Recipients</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-war-brides'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/mp-war-brides'><span>War Brides</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='war-in-afghanistan'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/war-in-afghanistan'><span>War in Afghanistan</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='women'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military/women'><span>Women</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='nature-geography'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography'><span>Nature & Geography</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='biologists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography/biologists'><span>Biologists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='chemists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography/chemists'><span>Chemists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='earth-scientists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography/earth-scientists'><span>Earth scientists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='environmentalists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography/environmentalists'><span>Environmentalists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='explorers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography/explorers'><span>Explorers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='geographers-cartographers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography/geographers-cartographers'><span>Geographers & Cartographers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='physicists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography/physicists'><span>Physicists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='zoologists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography/zoologists'><span>Zoologists</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='politics-law'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law'><span>Politics & Law</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='civil-servants'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/civil-servants'><span>Civil Servants</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='commissioners'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/commissioners'><span>Commissioners</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='criminals-and-outlaws'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/criminals-and-outlaws'><span>Criminals and Outlaws</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='diplomats-ambassadors'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/diplomats-ambassadors'><span>Diplomats & Ambassadors</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='governor-generals'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/governor-generals'><span>Governor Generals</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='indigenous-people'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/indigenous-people'><span>Indigenous People</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='judges'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/judges'><span>Judges</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='labour-leaders'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/labour-leaders'><span>Labour Leaders</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='law-enforcement'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/law-enforcement'><span>Law Enforcement</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='lawyers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/lawyers'><span>Lawyers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='lieutenant-governors'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/lieutenant-governors'><span>Lieutenant-Governors</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='political-scientists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/political-scientists'><span>Political Scientists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='politicians'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/politicians'><span>Politicians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='premiers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/premiers'><span>Premiers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='prime-ministers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/prime-ministers'><span>Prime Ministers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='rebels-and-resistance-leaders'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/rebels-and-resistance-leaders'><span>Rebels and Resistance Leaders</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='reformers-activists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/reformers-activists'><span>Reformers & Activists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='royals'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/royals'><span>Royals</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='senators'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/senators'><span>Senators</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='spies'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/spies'><span>Spies</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='women'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/women'><span>Women</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='wrongly-convicted'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law/wrongly-convicted'><span>Wrongly Convicted</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='science-technology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology'><span>Science & Technology</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='architects-builders-planners'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/architects-builders-planners'><span>Architects, Builders & Planners</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='astronauts'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/astronauts'><span>Astronauts</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='aviators'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/aviators'><span>Aviators</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='biologists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/biologists'><span>Biologists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='chemists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/chemists'><span>Chemists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='computer-scientists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/computer-scientists'><span>Computer Scientists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='earth-scientists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/earth-scientists'><span>Earth scientists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='engineers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/engineers'><span>Engineers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='explorers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/explorers'><span>Explorers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='geographers-cartographers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/geographers-cartographers'><span>Geographers & Cartographers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='health-scientists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/health-scientists'><span>Health scientists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='healthcare-professionals'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/healthcare-professionals'><span>Healthcare professionals</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='historical-figures'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/historical-figures'><span>Historical figures</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='inventors-and-innovators'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/inventors-and-innovators'><span>Inventors and Innovators</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mathematicians'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/mathematicians'><span>Mathematicians</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='minorities-in-stem'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/minorities-in-stem'><span>Minorities in STEM</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='paleontologists-archaeologists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/paleontologists-archaeologists'><span>Paleontologists & Archaeologists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='physicists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/physicists'><span>Physicists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='reformers-activists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/reformers-activists'><span>Reformers & Activists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='social-scientists'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/social-scientists'><span>Social scientists</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='women-in-stem'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology/women-in-stem'><span>Women in STEM</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='sports-recreation'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/sports-recreation'><span>Sports & Recreation</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='athletes'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/sports-recreation/athletes'><span>Athletes</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='coaches-and-managers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/sports-recreation/coaches-and-managers'><span>Coaches and Managers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='competitors'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/sports-recreation/competitors'><span>Competitors</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='minorities'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/sports-recreation/minorities'><span>Minorities</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='women'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/sports-recreation/women'><span>Women</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class='sb-cat-top sb-group' data-id='places'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places'><span>Places</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='arts-culture'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/arts-culture'><span>Arts & Culture</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='architecture'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/arts-culture/architecture'><span>Architecture</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='halls-theatres'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/arts-culture/halls-theatres'><span>Halls & Theatres</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='museums-galleries-archives'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/arts-culture/museums-galleries-archives'><span>Museums, Galleries & Archives</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='schools-institutions'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/arts-culture/schools-institutions'><span>Schools & Institutions</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='buildings-monuments'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments'><span>Buildings & Monuments</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='architectural-landmarks'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/architectural-landmarks'><span>Architectural Landmarks</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='buildings'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/buildings'><span>Buildings</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='cenotaphs'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/cenotaphs'><span>Cenotaphs</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='hospitals'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/hospitals'><span>Hospitals</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='memorials'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/memorials'><span>Memorials</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='monuments'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/monuments'><span>Monuments</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='province'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/province'><span>Province</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='stadiums'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/stadiums'><span>Stadiums</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='territory'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments/territory'><span>Territory</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='cities-populated-places'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/cities-populated-places'><span>Cities & Populated Places</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='cities'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/cities-populated-places/cities'><span>Cities</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='districts-and-municipalities'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/cities-populated-places/districts-and-municipalities'><span>Districts and municipalities</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='indigenous-reserves-settlements'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/cities-populated-places/indigenous-reserves-settlements'><span>Indigenous Reserves & Settlements</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='neighbourhoods'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/cities-populated-places/neighbourhoods'><span>Neighbourhoods</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='towns'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/cities-populated-places/towns'><span>Towns</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='villages'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/cities-populated-places/villages'><span>Villages</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='geographical-features'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features'><span>Geographical features</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='boundaries-geographical-names'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/boundaries-geographical-names'><span>Boundaries & Geographical Names</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='capes-peninsulas'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/capes-peninsulas'><span>Capes & Peninsulas</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='coastal-regions'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/coastal-regions'><span>Coastal Regions</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='inland-waters'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/inland-waters'><span>Inland Waters</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='islands'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/islands'><span>Islands</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='lakes-reservoirs'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/lakes-reservoirs'><span>Lakes & Reservoirs</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='land-features'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/land-features'><span>Land Features</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='landforms'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/landforms'><span>Landforms</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mountains'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/mountains'><span>Mountains</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='oceans'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/oceans'><span>Oceans</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='passes-trails'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/passes-trails'><span>Passes & Trails</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='peninsulas'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/peninsulas'><span>Peninsulas</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='prairie'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/prairie'><span>Prairie</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='regions'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/regions'><span>Regions</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='rivers'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/rivers'><span>Rivers</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='valleys'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/valleys'><span>Valleys</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='waterfalls'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features/waterfalls'><span>Waterfalls</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='historic-sites'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites'><span>Historic sites</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='archeological-sites'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites/archeological-sites'><span>Archeological sites</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='exploration'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites/exploration'><span>Exploration</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='heritage-buildings'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites/heritage-buildings'><span>Heritage buildings</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='national-historic-sites'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites/national-historic-sites'><span>National historic sites</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='provincial-historic-sites'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites/provincial-historic-sites'><span>Provincial historic sites</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='traditional-territories'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites/traditional-territories'><span>Traditional Territories</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='unesco-world-heritage-sites'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites/unesco-world-heritage-sites'><span>UNESCO World Heritage Sites</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='military'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/military'><span>Military</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='battlefields'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/military/battlefields'><span>Battlefields</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='canadian-forces-bases'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/military/canadian-forces-bases'><span>Canadian Forces Bases</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='memorials'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/military/memorials'><span>Memorials</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='monuments'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/military/monuments'><span>Monuments</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='parks-nature-reserves'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/parks-nature-reserves'><span>Parks & Nature Reserves</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='canals-waterways'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/parks-nature-reserves/canals-waterways'><span>Canals & Waterways</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='city-parks'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/parks-nature-reserves/city-parks'><span>City parks</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='national-parks'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/parks-nature-reserves/national-parks'><span>National parks</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='nature-reserves'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/parks-nature-reserves/nature-reserves'><span>Nature Reserves</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='provincial-parks'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/parks-nature-reserves/provincial-parks'><span>Provincial parks</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='unesco-world-biosphere-reserves'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/parks-nature-reserves/unesco-world-biosphere-reserves'><span>UNESCO World Biosphere Reserves</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='provinces-territories'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories'><span>Provinces & Territories</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='alberta'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/alberta'><span>Alberta</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='british-columbia'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/british-columbia'><span>British Columbia</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='manitoba'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/manitoba'><span>Manitoba</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='new-brunswick'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/new-brunswick'><span>New Brunswick</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='newfoundland-and-labrador'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/newfoundland-and-labrador'><span>Newfoundland and Labrador</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='northwest-territories'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/northwest-territories'><span>Northwest Territories</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='nova-scotia'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/nova-scotia'><span>Nova Scotia</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='nunavut'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/nunavut'><span>Nunavut</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='ontario'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/ontario'><span>Ontario</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='prince-edward-island'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/prince-edward-island'><span>Prince Edward Island</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='quebec'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/quebec'><span>Quebec</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='saskatchewan'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/saskatchewan'><span>Saskatchewan</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='yukon-territory'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories/yukon-territory'><span>Yukon Territory</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='transportation'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/transportation'><span>Transportation</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='airports'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/transportation/airports'><span>Airports</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='bridges'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/transportation/bridges'><span>Bridges</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='passes-trails'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/transportation/passes-trails'><span>Passes & Trails</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='railroad'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/transportation/railroad'><span>Railroad</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='roads-highways'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/transportation/roads-highways'><span>Roads & Highways</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='waterways-docks'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/transportation/waterways-docks'><span>Waterways & Docks</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class='sb-cat-top sb-group' data-id='things'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things'><span>Things</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='arts-culture'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture'><span>Arts & Culture</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='architecture'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/architecture'><span>Architecture</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='awards'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/awards'><span>Awards</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='communications'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/communications'><span>Communications</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='culture'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/culture'><span>Culture</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='dance'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/dance'><span>Dance</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='entertainment'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/entertainment'><span>Entertainment</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='festivals'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/festivals'><span>Festivals</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='food'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/food'><span>Food</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='literature'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/literature'><span>Literature</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='music'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/music'><span>Music</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='organizations-movements'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/organizations-movements'><span>Organizations & Movements</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='performances'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/performances'><span>Performances</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='religion-philosophy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/religion-philosophy'><span>Religion & Philosophy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='visual-art'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture/visual-art'><span>Visual Art</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='business-economics'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics'><span>Business & Economics</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='companies'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/companies'><span>Companies</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='economy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/economy'><span>Economy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='finance'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/finance'><span>Finance</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='industry'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/industry'><span>Industry</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='laws-programs'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/laws-programs'><span>Laws & Programs</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='money'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/money'><span>Money</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='policy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/policy'><span>Policy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='public-utility'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/public-utility'><span>Public Utility</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='taxation'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/taxation'><span>Taxation</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='trade'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/trade'><span>Trade</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='unions-labour'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics/unions-labour'><span>Unions & Labour</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='communities-sociology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology'><span>Communities & Sociology</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='crime'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/crime'><span>Crime</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='demography'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/demography'><span>Demography</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='disasters'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/disasters'><span>Disasters</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='diverse-communities'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/diverse-communities'><span>Diverse Communities</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='holidays-commemoration'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/holidays-commemoration'><span>Holidays & Commemoration</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='immigration'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/immigration'><span>Immigration</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='languages'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/languages'><span>Languages</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='organizations-movements'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/organizations-movements'><span>Organizations & Movements</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='prejudice'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/prejudice'><span>Prejudice</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='protests'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/protests'><span>Protests</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='religion'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/religion'><span>Religion</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='royal-commissions'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/royal-commissions'><span>Royal Commissions</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='social-events'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/social-events'><span>Social Events</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='social-issues'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/social-issues'><span>Social Issues</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='social-laws-programs'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/social-laws-programs'><span>Social Laws & Programs</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='social-trends'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/social-trends'><span>Social Trends</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='sociology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/sociology'><span>Sociology</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='unions-labour-organizations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/unions-labour-organizations'><span>Unions & Labour Organizations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='urban-affairs'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology/urban-affairs'><span>Urban Affairs</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='education'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education'><span>Education</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='educational-institutions'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education/educational-institutions'><span>Educational Institutions</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='interactive-resources'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education/interactive-resources'><span>Interactive Resources</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='libraries-library-science'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education/libraries-library-science'><span>Libraries & Library Science</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='music-education'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education/music-education'><span>Music Education</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='primary-sources'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education/primary-sources'><span>Primary Sources</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='teaching-and-learning'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education/teaching-and-learning'><span>Teaching and Learning</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='types-of-education'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education/types-of-education'><span>Types of Education</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='history'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history'><span>History</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='atlantic-canada'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/atlantic-canada'><span>Atlantic Canada</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='business'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/business'><span>Business</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='classics'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/classics'><span>Classics</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='colonies'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/colonies'><span>Colonies</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='commemorations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/commemorations'><span>Commemorations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='constitution'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/constitution'><span>Constitution</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='disasters'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/disasters'><span>Disasters</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='economic'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/economic'><span>Economic</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='exploration'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/exploration'><span>Exploration</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='firsts'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/firsts'><span>Firsts</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='folklore'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/folklore'><span>Folklore</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='historic-sites'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/historic-sites'><span>Historic Sites</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='historical-theses'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/historical-theses'><span>Historical Theses</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='industry'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/industry'><span>Industry</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='lower-canada'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/lower-canada'><span>Lower Canada</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='medals-emblems-heraldry'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/medals-emblems-heraldry'><span>Medals, Emblems & Heraldry</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='military'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/military'><span>Military</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='national'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/national'><span>National</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='new-france'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/new-france'><span>New France</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='politics'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/politics'><span>Politics</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='provincial'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/provincial'><span>Provincial</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='rebellions-riots'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/rebellions-riots'><span>Rebellions & Riots</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='regional'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/regional'><span>Regional</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='social-history'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/social-history'><span>Social History</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='territorial'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/territorial'><span>Territorial</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='treaties'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/treaties'><span>Treaties</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='upper-canada'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/upper-canada'><span>Upper Canada</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='western-and-northwestern-canada'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history/western-and-northwestern-canada'><span>Western and Northwestern Canada</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='military'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military'><span>Military</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-air-force'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-air-force'><span>Air Force</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-aircraft'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-aircraft'><span>Aircraft</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-armaments'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-armaments'><span>Armaments</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='armed-forces'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/armed-forces'><span>Armed Forces</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-armoured-vehicles'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-armoured-vehicles'><span>Armoured Vehicles</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-army'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-army'><span>Army</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='colonial'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/colonial'><span>Colonial</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='commemorations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/commemorations'><span>Commemorations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='defence'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/defence'><span>Defence</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-documents'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-documents'><span>Documents</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='forts'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/forts'><span>Forts</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='history'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/history'><span>History</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-medals-decorations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-medals-decorations'><span>Medals & Decorations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='military-engagements'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/military-engagements'><span>Military Engagements</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-navy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-navy'><span>Navy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='organizations-and-regiments'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/organizations-and-regiments'><span>Organizations and Regiments</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='peacekeeping'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/peacekeeping'><span>Peacekeeping</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-ships'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-ships'><span>Ships</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-socializing'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-socializing'><span>Socializing</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='technology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/technology'><span>Technology</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='treaties'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/treaties'><span>Treaties</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mp-trench-warfare'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/mp-trench-warfare'><span>Trench Warfare</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='wars'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military/wars'><span>Wars</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='nature-geography'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography'><span>Nature & Geography</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='agriculture'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/agriculture'><span>Agriculture</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='animals'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/animals'><span>Animals</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='climate'><div 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href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/hydrology'><span>Hydrology</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='land-features'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/land-features'><span>Land Features</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mining-and-metallurgy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/mining-and-metallurgy'><span>Mining and Metallurgy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='natural-resources'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/natural-resources'><span>Natural resources</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='plants'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/plants'><span>Plants</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='transportation'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/transportation'><span>Transportation</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='urban-affairs'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography/urban-affairs'><span>Urban Affairs</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='politics-law'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law'><span>Politics & Law</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='acts-statutes'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/acts-statutes'><span>Acts & Statutes</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='agents-organizations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/agents-organizations'><span>Agents & Organizations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='charters'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/charters'><span>Charters</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='commissions-reports'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/commissions-reports'><span>Commissions & Reports</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='courts'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/courts'><span>Courts</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='federal-institutions-and-offices'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/federal-institutions-and-offices'><span>Federal Institutions and Offices</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='government'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/government'><span>Government</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='immigration'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/immigration'><span>Immigration</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='international-affairs'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/international-affairs'><span>International Affairs</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='international-organizations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/international-organizations'><span>International Organizations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='judiciary'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/judiciary'><span>Judiciary</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='law-cases'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/law-cases'><span>Law Cases</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='law-enforcement'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/law-enforcement'><span>Law Enforcement</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='law-and-policy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/law-and-policy'><span>Law and Policy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='legislation'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/legislation'><span>Legislation</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='municipal-institutions-and-offices'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/municipal-institutions-and-offices'><span>Municipal Institutions and Offices</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='parliamentary-institutions'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/parliamentary-institutions'><span>Parliamentary Institutions</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='police-and-security'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/police-and-security'><span>Police and Security</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='political-events'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/political-events'><span>Political Events</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='political-statutes'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/political-statutes'><span>Political Statutes</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='protests-and-strikes'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/protests-and-strikes'><span>Protests and Strikes</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='provincial-institutions-and-offices'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/provincial-institutions-and-offices'><span>Provincial Institutions and Offices</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='public-policy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/public-policy'><span>Public Policy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='rights'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/rights'><span>Rights</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='treaties'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/treaties'><span>Treaties</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='types-of-law'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law/types-of-law'><span>Types of Law</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='science-technology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology'><span>Science & Technology</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='biology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/biology'><span>Biology</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='chemistry'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/chemistry'><span>Chemistry</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='climate-and-climatology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/climate-and-climatology'><span>Climate and Climatology</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='communications'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/communications'><span>Communications</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='computer-science'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/computer-science'><span>Computer Science</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='demography'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/demography'><span>Demography</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='earth-sciences'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/earth-sciences'><span>Earth Sciences</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='energy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/energy'><span>Energy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='engineering'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/engineering'><span>Engineering</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='health-medicine'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/health-medicine'><span>Health & Medicine</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='hydrology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/hydrology'><span>Hydrology</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='industry'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/industry'><span>Industry</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='institutions-and-organizations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/institutions-and-organizations'><span>Institutions and Organizations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='inventions-and-innovations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/inventions-and-innovations'><span>Inventions and Innovations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mathematics'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/mathematics'><span>Mathematics</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='mining-and-metallurgy'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/mining-and-metallurgy'><span>Mining and Metallurgy</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='physics'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/physics'><span>Physics</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='pseudo-science'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/pseudo-science'><span>Pseudo-Science</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='technology'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/technology'><span>Technology</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='tools'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/tools'><span>Tools</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='transportation'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/transportation'><span>Transportation</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='weights-measures'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology/weights-measures'><span>Weights & Measures</span></a></div></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-group' data-id='sports-recreation'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/sports-recreation'><span>Sports & Recreation</span></a><button class=''><img alt='toggler-icon' src='/images/i-arrow-toggle.svg' class='accordion-toggler-icon' class='toggler-icon'>toggler</button></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='awards-and-trophies'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/sports-recreation/awards-and-trophies'><span>Awards and Trophies</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='events-and-competitions'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/sports-recreation/events-and-competitions'><span>Events and Competitions</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='halls-museums'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/sports-recreation/halls-museums'><span>Halls & Museums</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='history'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/sports-recreation/history'><span>History</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='organizations'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/sports-recreation/organizations'><span>Organizations</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='sports'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/sports-recreation/sports'><span>Sports</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='stadiums'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/sports-recreation/stadiums'><span>Stadiums</span></a></div></div><div class='sb-subcat sb-subcat-last ' data-id='teams'><div class='sb-tab sb-tab--separator'><a href='https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/sports-recreation/teams'><span>Teams</span></a></div></div></div></div> </sidebar> </aside> </div> <div class="content-container-desktop"> <main class="main-grid search-listing-result"> <div class="main-grid__content--wide"> <h1>Browse "Inventions and Innovations"</h1> <div class="browse__results-counter text-xsmall uppercase" > Displaying 1-15 of 36 results </div> <form class="form-inline main-grid__content--wide" id="browse_filter"> <div class="js-search-filter-container browse__filters"> <select aria-label="Search" class="input" disabled> <option aria-label="Search" disabled="disabled" value="" selected="selected">DIG DEEPER</option> </select> <select aria-label="Search" class="input" name="type"> <option disabled selected>FILTER BY CONTENT TYPE</option> <option value="article">Articles</option> <option value="timeline">Timelines</option> <option value="collection">Collections</option> <option value="study-guide">Education Guides</option> <option value="quiz">Quizzes</option> <option value="primary-source">Primary Sources</option> <option value="memory-project">Memory Project Archive</option> <option value="video">Videos</option> <option value="podcast">Podcasts</option> </select> <div> <button class="b b-md b-invert" type="submit">Apply filters</button> </div> </div> </form> <div class="browse__results"> <ul class='browse__results__list'> <li class="result"> <div class="content"> <p class="result__type">Article</p> <h4 class="result__title"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/accommodation"> Accommodation </a> </h4> <p class="result__summary">Accommodation, first successful steamboat built entirely in North America. It was launched 19 August 1809 at Montréal, its engines having been constructed at the Forges Saint-Maurice, Trois-Rivières.</p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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Roe Canada (Avro). The Arrow was one of the most advanced aircraft of its era, helping to establish Canada as a world leader in scientific research and development. Though the Arrow was widely praised for its power and beauty, the program was cancelled in February 1959 by the government of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker. This resulted in the loss of at least 25,000 direct and indirect jobs. Many believe that the Arrow’s cancellation was a betrayal of Canada’s aerospace industry. Others assert that the jet was extravagant and had little chance of competing with impending innovations. At best, Avro and the Arrow were historic examples of Canadian ingenuity and intriguing case studies of unrealized potential.</p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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Though typically considered a French Canadian term, babiche is an Algonquian word, loosely translating to “cord” (in Mi’kmaq, ababich) or “thread” (in Ojibwa, assabâbish).</p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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It uses a new design concept, with nets arranged horizontally rather than vertically, as in earlier multiple-net samplers.</p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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Light and maneuverable, birchbark canoes were perfectly adapted to summer travel through the network of shallow streams, ponds, lakes and swift rivers of the Canadian Shield. As the fur trade declined in the 19th century, the canoe became more of a recreational vehicle. Though most canoes are no longer constructed of birchbark, its enduring historical legacy and its popularity as a pleasure craft have made it a Canadian cultural icon.</p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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How will historians remember this time in history? Canada During COVID-19: A Living Archive is meant to capture the experiences of everyday Canadians as they live through this challenging time.</p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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Cardiac surgeon, Dr. Wilfred Bigelow and research fellow, Dr. John Carter Callaghan were trying to understand how hypothermia (see Cold-Weather Injuries) could slow the beating of an animal’s heart before surgery. They were also looking for a way to stimulate the heart when it faltered as it cooled. This largely unknown area of research could have tremendous applications for humans. The doctors partnered with Dr. John A. Hopps from the National Research Council of Canada, who created a portable artificial external pacemaker. It was designed to send electric pulses to the heart, which caused the heart to contract and pump blood to the body. The device was successfully tested on a dog in 1950. 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In theory, cloning can be used to improve sheep and cattle breeds by ensuring that the animals' most desirable genetic characteristics are passed on.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on March 18, 1996</p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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Archaeologists have access to various techniques for dating archaeological sites or the objects found on those sites.</p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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The dugout canoe was most popular along the West Coast, where waters teeming with sea life—whales, seals, sea lions, salmon, halibut, herring, eulachon and shellfish—sustained a complex maritime culture. (See also Northwest Coast Indigenous Peoples in Canada.) </p> </div> <div class="image-container"> <script> Sfdump = window.Sfdump || (function (doc) { doc.documentElement.classList.add('sf-js-enabled'); var rxEsc = /([.*+?^${}()|\[\]\/\\])/g, idRx = /\bsf-dump-\d+-ref[012]\w+\b/, keyHint = 0 <= navigator.platform.toUpperCase().indexOf('MAC') ? 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