JOHN SCOTT AWARD RECIPIENTS

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/johnscottaward/johnscottaward%28full%29.html","20210615165455","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1623776095"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />   <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">   <meta content="IE=5.0000" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"> <title>JOHN SCOTT AWARD RECIPIENTS</title>  <meta content="IE=5.0000" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible">  <meta content="IE=5.0000" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible">  <meta name="GENERATOR" content="MSHTML 11.00.9600.17420">  </head> <body> <center><b><sup><font color="#cc6600"><font size="+2">THE  JOHN  SCOTT  AWARD</font></font></sup></b> <br> <b><sup><font color="#cc6600"><font size="+1">CITY TRUSTS, PHILADELPHIA</font></font></sup></b> <p><b><font size="+1">The John Scott Award Recipients</font></b> <br> <b></b> <b></b> </p> <p> </p> <center> <p><b><font color="#cc6600"><font size="+2">THE  JOHN  SCOTT  AWARD</font></font></b> <br> <b><font color="#cc6600"><font size="+2">PHILADELPHIA, PA</font></font></b> <br> </p> <br> <br> <big style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline; font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial;">2018</big><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"> <br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"> <table style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; width: 1408px; text-align: left;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 688px; vertical-align: top;">  <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.stroustrup.com/"><font style="font-weight: bold;" size="+1">Bjarne Stroustrup</font></a><br>   <big><big style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"><big><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 251); display: inline ! important; float: none;"><big>Technical Fellow and a Managing Director in the technology division of<span> </span></big></span><big><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.morganstanley.com/" style="font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 251);">Morgan Stanley</a><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 251); display: inline ! important; float: none;"><span> </span><br>  New York City.<br>  Visiting Professor in Computer Science at<span> </span></span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.cs.columbia.edu/" style="font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 251);">Columbia University</a><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 251); display: inline ! important; float: none;">.</span></big></big></big><br style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-size: 13.3333px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.133333px; orphans: 2; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline ! important; float: none;"></span></big><br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> <br>  <big>For the design and implementation of C++ programming language</big><br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p class="m_-1681244755106804624AveryStyle2" style="margin-top: 5.75pt; margin-right: 33.5pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: black; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"><big><big><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b></span><a style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/https://engineering.jhu.edu/ece/faculty/west-james-e/"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Dr. James West</span></b></a><br>  <font size="+1"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;">Research Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering & Mechanical Engineering.</span></font></big></big></p> <p class="m_-1681244755106804624AveryStyle2" style="margin-top: 5.75pt; margin-right: 33.5pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: black; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"><big><big><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"><font size="+1"> Johns Hopkins University</font><br> </span></big></big></p> <br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><big><br>  To recognize his inventions relating to the foil electret microphone<big><br> </big></big></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><big><big><br> </big></big></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline ! important; float: none;">                <span> </span></span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"> <big style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline; font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial;">2017</big><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"> <br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"> <table style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; width: 1408px; text-align: left;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 688px; vertical-align: top;"><big><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/%7Ebajcsy/">Dr. Ruzena Bajcsy</a></big><br> <big style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline ! important;"><big><big>NEC Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences</big></big><br> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">University of California</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Berkeley</span></big>, CA<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><big>For her pioneering contributions to robotics and engineering science.<br> </big></p> <big> </big></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><big><big><big><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Ewens"><small><small>Dr. Warren Ewens</small></small></a><big><big><big><big><big style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><big><br> </big></big></big></big></big></big></big></big>Australian-born mathematician who has been Professor of Biology at the University of Pennsylvania since 1997.<br> (Emeritus Faculty)<br> University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.</big><big><big><big><big><big><big><big><big style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><big><big><big><big><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline ! important;"><br> </span></big></big></big></big></big></big></big></big></big></big></big></big><br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><big>To recognize his research on the mathematical, statistical and theoretical aspects of population genetics.<big><br> </big></big></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><big><big><br> </big></big></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><big><small><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://bio.psu.edu/directory/nxm2"><big>Dr. Masatoshi Nei</big></a></small><br> </big><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Lucida Grande",Verdana,Lucida,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15.62px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 250, 234); float: none; display: inline ! important;">Emeritus Professor of Biology and Adjunct Professor at Temple University<br> Philadelphia, PA<br> </span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><big>For his work in developing new concepts of evolutionary theory.</big><br> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline ! important; float: none;">                <span> </span></span><br> <b><font size="+1">Award Recipients</font></b> <br> <big style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; font-family: Arial;">2016</big><br> <br> <table style="width: 90%; text-align: left;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/https://www.mpg.de/9343753/infektionsbiologie-charpentier">Dr. Emmanuelle Charpentier</a>, Director, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://rna.berkeley.edu/">Dr. Jennifer Doudna</a>,  Doudna Lab, University of California, Berkeley, CA.<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://zlab.mit.edu/team.html">Dr. Feng Zhang</a>, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard and Investigator at McGovern Institute for Brain Res, MIT<br> <br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p class="MsoNormal">For elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing CRISPR- Cas Systems, which  defend prokaryotic cells against viruses and foreign nucleic acids, and for enabling the application of these systems as revolutionary tools for genome control and editing.<br> </p>  </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://pathology.med.upenn.edu/department/people/447/carl-h-june">Dr. Carl H. June</a>, Director of the Translational Research Program & Richard W. Vague Professor in Immunotherapy, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Uiversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p class="MsoNormal">To recognize his work on developing and testing novel forms of immunotherapy for cancer and chronic infections.<br> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="text-align: left;">                    Photograph of the 2016 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/johnscottaward/js2011-2020photo12016.jpg">Awardees: Drs.Zhang, Charpentier, June</a><br>                     Photograph of the 2016 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/johnscottaward/js2011-2020photo22016.jpg">Awardees with Committee Members</a></div> <br> <br> <big style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; font-family: Arial;">2015</big><br> <br> <table style="width: 90%; text-align: left;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/https://www.chem.upenn.edu/profile/madeleine-m-joullie">Dr. Madeleine M. Joullié</a><br> Professor of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p class="MsoNormal">To recognize Dr. Madeleine M. Joullié’s research on the synthesis of natural products which has led to the creation of antiviral and antibacterial compounds, agents that can interfere with tumor angiogenesis, and other natural products used against cancer.  Dr. Joullie has also developed compounds that are key elements of fingerprinting and forensic science.</p>   </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/https://phys.cst.temple.edu/john-perdew.html">Dr. John P. Perdew</a><br> Laura H. Carnell Professor of Physics and Chemistry, School of Science & Technology<br> Founding Director, Center for Materials Theory<br> Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.<br> <br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p class="MsoNormal">To recognize Dr. Perdew for his key role in the development of density functional theory (DFT) which has led to a fundamental understanding and design of the structure and behavior of materials.  He “derived exact properties of the exchange-correlation energy, using exact constraints to construct the approximations widely used for applications across condensed matter physics, chemistry and materials science.”  He is one of the most cited physicists. </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="text-align: left; margin-left: 80px;">Photograph of the 2015 Awardees: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/johnscottaward/jscomawardees2015.jpg">John Scott Committee with Awardees Dr. Madeleine M. Jouillie and Dr. John P. Perdew  </a>                <br> </div> <b><sup><u><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1">2014<br> </font></font></u></sup></b><br> <table style="width: 90%; text-align: left;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.einstein.yu.edu/faculty/330/susan-horwitz/">Dr. Susan Band Horwitz</a><br> Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY<br> Distinguished Professor & Co-Chair, Department of Molecular Pharmacology<br> Rose C. Falkenstein Chair in Cancer Research<br> Past President, American Association for Cancer Research<br> <br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Recognized for her groundbreaking research in the development of drugs derived from natural products  for the treatment of malignancies and on the challenges of dealing with the emergence of drug resistance in cancer.<br>  </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.agelessanimals.org/hayflickbio.htm">Dr. Leonard Hayflick</a><br> <big>Professor of Anatomy, School of Medicine, <big><em></em></big>University of California, San Francisco, CA.</big><br> Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science<br> Founding Member, Council of the National Institute on Aging<br> Past President, Gerontological Society of America<br> <br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Recognized for their pioneering work discovery that, unline immortal cancer cells, normal human cells are mortal.  His interpretation of mortality as cellular aging established the modern era of aging research, and his development of a human cell strain used to make most human virus vaccines has benefitted billions world-wide.   He is the author of the best-selling book, "How and Why We Age," which has sbeen translated into nine languages.<br> <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Dr. Paul S. Moorhead<br> Emeritus Professor of Genetics, <br> University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA<br> Past Director, Clinical Cytogenetics Lab at Children's Hospital, Philadelphia<br> Past Supervisor, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine Cytogenetics Lab.<br> <br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Recognized for his work at the Wistar Institute  with Dr. Leonard Hayflick in the discovery that normal human cells are mortal, as well as his development of a technique for microscopically visualizing human and animal chromosomes that became a standard world-wide.  The paper Dr. Moorhead co-authored in 1961 with Dr. Hayflick, "The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains," has become one of the most frequently cited scientific papers in modern history.  Dr. Moorhead won the National Institutes of Health Career Development Award on three separate occasions.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="text-align: left;">                    Photographs of the 2014 Awardees: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/johnscottaward/susanbandhorwitz.jpg">Dr. Susan Band Horwitz</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/johnscottaward/leonardhayflick.jpg">Dr. Leonard Hayflick</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/johnscottaward/paulsmoorhead.jpg">Dr. Paul S. Moorhead</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/johnscottaward/jscomawardees2014.jpg">John Scott Committee with Awardees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/johnscottaward/jsawardees2014.jpg">Awardees</a></div> <b><sup><u><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1"><br> </font></font></u></sup></b><b><sup><u><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1"></font></font></u></sup></b><br> <b><sup><u><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1">2013<br> </font></font></u></sup></b><br> <table style="width: 90%; text-align: left;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.chop.edu/doctors/adzick-n-scott.html">Dr, N. Scott Adzick</a><br> C.Everett Koop Professor of Pediatric Surgery at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP)<br> Surgeon-in-Chief, CHOP<br> Director, Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery<br> Professor, Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Cynecology, Perelman School of Medicine<br> University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA<br> <br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Recognized for his contributions to the practice of fetal surgery, exploring cutting edge surgical treatment options for life-threatening fetal anatomic malformations.<br>  </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.med.upenn.edu/biocbiop/faculty/dutton/">Dr. P. Leslie Dutton</a><br> Eldridge Reeves Johnson Professor of Biochemistry & Biophysics<br> Director, Johnson Foundation of Molecular Biophysics<br> Perelman School of Medicine<br> University of Pennsylvania<br> Philadelphia, PA<br> <br> Fellow of the Royal Society<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Recognized for his work on the elementary processes of oxidation-reduction and the diverse biological events coupled to them.<br> <br> <br> <br> <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.bio.udel.edu/users/rbrent">Dr. Robert L. Brent</a><br> Head of Clinical & Environmental Teratology Research Lab<br> A.I. duPont Hospital for Children<br> Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics, Radiology & Pathology<br> Thomas Jefferson University<br> Philadelphia, PA<br> <br> Member, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Recognized for his work on environmental causes of birth defects including exposure to drugs, chemicals, and ionizing radiation.<br> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br> <b><sup><u><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1"><br> </font></font></u></sup></b><b><sup><u><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1">2012</font></font></u></sup></b> <p><br> </p> <table style="width: 90%; text-align: left;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://wwwphy.princeton.edu/%7Esteinh/">Dr. Paul J. Steinhardt</a><br> Albert Einstein Professor in Science <br> Director, Princeton Center for Theoretical Science <br> Princeton University<br> Princeton, NJ<br> He is also on the faculty of both the departments of Physics and Astrophysical Sciences.<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Recognized for his pioneering achievements in developing the theory of quasicrystals and for co-discovering the   first natural quasicrystals.  <br> He shared the P.A.M. Dirac Medal from the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in 2002 for his contribution to the development of the inflationary model of the universe, and received the Oliver E. Buckley Prize of the American Physical Society in 2010 for his contribution to the theory of quasicrystals.  He is the author of over 200 refereed articles, several technical books and numerous popular articles.<br> <br>  </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.med.upenn.edu/cndr/JohnTrojanowskibio.shtml">Dr. John Q. Trojanowski</a> & <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.med.upenn.edu/apps/faculty/index.php/g275/p12536">Dr. Virginia Man-Yee Lee</a><br> Dr. Lee is the Director and <br> Dr. Trojanowski is the Co-Director <br> Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR)<br> University of Pennsylvania<br> Perelman School of Medicine<br> Philadelphia, PA<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Recognized for their groundbreaking research into the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.<br> Dr. Trojanowski's  research centers on molecular mechanisms of neuron dysfunction, degeneration and death in normal aging and in neurodegenerative diseases.  Dr. D.Lee's research focuses on disease proteins that form pathological inclusions in hereditary and sporadic Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and related neurodegenerative disorders of aging.  Their research provides critical evidence for the direction of new areas of research that are needed to identify targets and create better treatments for these debilitating diseases.<br> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br> <br> <b><sup><u><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1">2011</font></font></u></sup></b> <p><br> </p> <center> <table style="width: 90%; text-align: left;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.japanprize.jp/en/prize_prof_2009_kuhl.html">Dr. David E. Kuhl</a><br> Dr. Kuhl served as the Chief of the Division of Nuclear Medicine at the <a title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> for 20 years and retired in 2011<br> <br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Recognized for his groundbreaking work in positron emission tomography (PET). He pioneered the development of single proton emission computer tomography (SPECT), which led to PET.  He remains a leading researcher in PET applications, particularly in the study of cardiovascular and brain function.  His research is focused on introducing new measures of neurochemical and metabolic processes determined within the living brain, using radioactive molecular tracers and emission reconstruction tomography.  He has also received the Japan Prize for his contributions to tomographic imaging in nuclear medicine and was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.  He holds memberships and leadership positions in professional societies, including the American College of Radiology, American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, the Society of Nuclear Medicine, and the Association of University Radiologists.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.fccc.edu/research/pid/glusker/">Dr. Jenny Pickworth Glusker</a><br> Fox Chase Cancer Center<br> Philadelphia , PA<br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Recognized for her pioneering work in determining the three-dimensional structure of biologically important molecules.  Dr. Glusker determined the molecular structure of a hexacarboxylic acid, derived from Vitamin B12, which led to the determination of the previously unknown chemical formula of Vitamin B12, the "anti-pernicious anemia factor," the largest molecular structure to be determined by x-ray diffraction methods as the time.  Her work on the molecular structure of components of the Krebs cycle provided critical new insights into the molecular and biochemical aspects of metabolism.  Her impact on our knowledge of the causes and possible treatment of cancer continued with her determination of the structures of numerous anti-tumor agents and important mutagens, including the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzo[a]pyrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, which are the major carcinogens in tobacco smoke.  Her novel triangular plots to represent the positions of metal ions with respect to the three most likely binding atoms in proteins, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, and her skillful analyses have greatly expanded our understanding and appreciation of the roles of metals in catalysis.  <br> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center>   <p><b>2010</b></p> </center> <br> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td>Dr. Christian J. Lambertsen  <br> for his invention of the underwater breathing apparatus known as SCUBA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <br>                                                                             <br> </td> <td> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">To recognize  his invention of the underwater breathing apparatus known as SCUBA, which he first developed during World War II for use by the United States Navy while he was in the U.S. Army Medical Corps detached to the Office of Strategic Services.<span>  </span>Dr. Lambertsen, a world renowned expert in hyperbaric medicine, founded the Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.<span>  </span>He has taught at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School since 1946 and is currently Emeritus Distinguished Professor of Environmental Medicine.</p>                                                                          <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/NIDDKLabs/IntramuralFaculty/EatonWilliam.htm">Dr. William A. Eaton  </a><br> Biophysical Chemistry Section  <br> NIDDK, National Institutes of Health  <br> <small><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/NIDDKLabs/IntramuralFaculty/EatonWilliam.htm"></a></small><br> <small>HistCite: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/index-eaton.html">http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/index-eaton.html</a><br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/NIDDKLabs/IntramuralFaculty/EatonWilliam.htm"><br> </a></small></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">To  recognize his pioneering research on protein aggregation and folding.<span>  </span>Dr. Eaton and his collaborators discovered the microscopic basis for the aggregation of sickle cell hemoglobin, <br> thereby illuminating the <span class="viewbookbody">pathophysiology and stimulating new treatments of sickle cell disease.<span>  </span>More recently, they established a theoretical limit for how fast proteins fold into their functional structures.  Dr. Eaton obtained his medical and scientific training at the University of Pennsylvania and is currently </span><br> Chief of the Laboratory of Chemical Physics at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <center> <p><b>2009<br> </b></p> <table style="height: 10%; width: 90%; text-align: left;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.nsabp.pitt.edu/Breaking_Barriers.pdf">Dr. Bernard Fisher </a><br> Fellow in experimental surgery at the University of Pennsylvania where he was trained by I.S. Ravdin, is currently a Distinguished Service Professor of Surgery in the School of Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh <br> <small><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/commentaries/tsv09%2823%29p12y19951127.pdf">Commentary by E. Garfield in <span style="font-style: italic;">The Scientist</span></a></small> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">For his pioneering research utilizing clinical trials in surgery that set a new course in the treatment  of breast cancer.  In creating new procedures for the treatment of many cancers,  Dr. Fisher has greatly benefited mankind.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/devbio/faculty/Lucille_Shapiro/">Dr. Lucy Shapiro  </a><br> Professor of Developmental Biology, Senior Fellow of the Institute for  International Studies and Director of the Beckman Center for Molecular  <br> and Genetic Medicine, Stanford University.  <br> <br> <small>HistCite :<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/index-shapiro.html"> http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/index-shapiro.html</a><br> </small> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Harley_McAdams/">Dr. Harley H. McAdams  </a><br> Research Professor in the Department of Developmental Biology,  Stanford University.  <br> <small><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Harley_McAdams/"></a></small></p> <p><small>HistCite : <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/index-mcadams.html">http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/index-mcadams.html</a> </small></p> <br> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">To recognize their work in bringing the methods of electrical circuit analysis to the description  <br> of genetic networks of the simple bacterium, Caulobacter.  This husband and wife team,  <br> comprising a microbiologist and a physicist, has pioneered the field of Systems Biology and  <br> made seminal contributions through the study of the regulatory circuitry of this microorganism.   <br> By creating a means to unravel the complexity of cellular processes they have greatly benefited mankind. <br> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b>2008</b></p> </center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://cires.colorado.edu/people/solomon/">Dr. Susan Solomon </a> <br> Senior Scientist<br> National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration<br> Boulder, Colorado  <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://cires.colorado.edu/people/solomon/"><br> </a></td> <td>To recognize  her discoveries in establishing the mechanism of the depletion of Antarctic ozone by  <br> identifying a specific chemical reaction and making direct measurements of the predicted  product of this reaction in the atmosphere of Antarctica. These and other scientific discoveries  have resulted in international regulations that limit the emissions of the ozone damaging  chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere and have thereby greatly benefited mankind. </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://web.mit.edu/tswager/www/TimSwager.htm">Professor Timothy M. Swager  </a><br> John D. MacArthur Professor  <br> Head of the Department of Chemistry and the Associate Director  <br> Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bldg. 18-597 <br> Cambridge, MA 02139  </td> <td valign="top">To recognize  his pioneering developments in the design, synthesis and construction of functional  <br> assemblies of supramolecular materials that recognize specific molecules. In creating new chemo sensors that are being used for the detection of concealed explosive materials</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <center> <p><b>2007</b></p> </center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.cimit.org/bios/vacanti.html">Dr. Joseph Vacanti   </a><br> John Homans Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School   <br> Chief of Pediatric Surgery and Director, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Organ Fabrication at <br> Massachusetts General Hospital.  <br> Harvard University  <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.cimit.org/bios/vacanti.html"><br> </a></td> <td>For his  pioneering work  in tissue engineering, an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of  <br> engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain,  or improve tissue or organ function. For his contributions to the design, fabrication and clinical application of living replacement devices for surgical reconstruction and transplantation and  implantable, biodegradable systems that can act as devices to generate permanent new tissue.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.med.upenn.edu/ins/faculty/stunkard.htm">Dr. Albert J. Stunkard</a>       <br> Department of Psychiatry  <br> The Mahoney Institute of Neurological Sciences  <br> University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA  <br> Founder of the Center for Weight and Eating Disorders  </td> <td valign="top">In recognition of his pioneering research on the genetics of obesity in childhood and the growth and  <br> development of children at high risk of obesity.  For his contributions to psychosomatic medicine and <br> his research on understanding  and  treatment of eating disorders. By improving the understanding of  deviant eating patterns, and having developed treatment for eating disorders he has contributed  <br> significantly to the health and welfare of mankind.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <center> <p><b><font size="+1">2006</font></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="-1"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.temple.edu/temple_times/november06/ScottAward.html">Dr. Franklin A. Davis </a></font></font> <br> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="-1">Professor of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.</font></font>            <br> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="-1"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.temple.edu/temple_times/november06/ScottAward.html"><br> </a></font></font></td> <td>To recognize his discoveries of new experimental procedures for the synthesis of important molecular structures.  By creating new synthetic methods that have been adopted by laboratories worldwide to aid in the synthesis of antitumor and other bioactive drugs, Professor Davis has contributed to the health and welfare of mankind.                                                                       <br> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Irving_Weissman/">Professor Irving L. Weissman </a> <br> Director of the Institute for Stem Cell Bioloogy and Regenerative Medicine and of the <br> Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia, D.K. <br> Ludwig Professor for Clinical Investigation in Cancer Research and Professor  of Pathology and Developmental Biology at Stanford University.</td> <td>For his seminal contribution to identifying and isolating the blood forming stem cells.  By isolating the  stem cells from humans, which then become the basis of successful bone marrow transplantation,  <br> Professor Weissman has contributed to the health and welfare of  mankind.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><font size="+1">2005</font></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://web.mit.edu/chemistry/www/faculty/stubbe.html">Professor JoAnne Stubbe</a> <br> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="-1">Novartis Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Biology at the Massachusetts   Institute of  Technology </font></font></td> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">To recognize <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="-1">her pioneering discovery of the molecular mechanism  and the role of free radicals in the </font></font> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="-1">action of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase - discoveries that have led to the development of novel </font></font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="-1">cancer therapies.  Her work has improved our understanding of the biochemical synthesis of DNA, thus </font></font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="-1">contributing to the health and welfare of mankind.</font></font></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.physics.berkeley.edu/research/faculty/perlmutter.html">Dr. Saul Perlmutter</a> <br> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Professor of Physics, University of California, Berkeley and Senior Fellow of the  <br> Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.  <br> </span></td> <td>For his contributions to the discovery of  some of the most distant supernovae and for making the first measurements of the cosmological constant.  His   work has led to unlocking the secrets of our universe and to developing promising new technologies that can have major impacts on basic science.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><font size="+1">2004</font></b></p> <p><i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/johnscottaward/js2004starzletrost.html">story on winners for the year 2004...</a></i></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://newsbureau.upmc.com/Bios/BioStarzl.htm">Dr. Thomas E. Starzl </a> <br> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="-1">Professor of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and </font></font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="-1">University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) program named in his honor: </font></font><br> <small><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://sti.upmc.com/">Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute</a><br> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="-1"><small><a title="Use this link visit the Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute website." href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://sti.upmc.com/"><font color="#000000"></font></a></small></font></font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="-1"><small><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://pittsburghlive.com/x/tribune-review/health/s_395378.html">Winner of National Medal of Science (2005)</a></small></font></font></small> <br> <small><i>Citation Classic</i> Commentaries <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1993/A1993LT56200001.pdf">#1 </a>  and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1988/A1988Q616400001.pdf">#2 </a><br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/johnscottaward/introcfbarker.html">Introductory Comments by Dr. Clyde F. Barker </a>     </small>            <br> </td> <td>To recognize his seminal contributions to the science and practice of organ transplantation.</td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.stanford.edu/group/bmtrost/bmt.html">Professor Barry M. Trost</a> <br> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Tamaki Professor of Humanities and Sciences  <br> Stanford University, Stanford, CA  <br> <small><i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1992/A1992JC14900002.pdf">Citation Classic Commentary</a></i><br> <i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/index-trost.html">HistCite File</a></i></small> <br> </span></td> <td>To recognize  his pioneering  development of new organometallic reactions and their applications in organic synthesis.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><font size="+1">2003</font></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td style="width: 50%;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/pharmacology/pages/faculty/vogelstein.html">Dr. Bert Vogelstein</a> <br> Professor of Oncology and Pathology  <br> Johns Hopkins University School of  Medicine  <br> <small><i>HistCite File:</i> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/vogelstein-b_src/">#1</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/vogelstein-b_science-v281-p1509/">#2</a><br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/johnscottaward/introbarkervogelstein.html">Introductory Comments by Dr. Clyde F. Barker </a>    </small>         <br> </td> <td>Establishing a molecular basis for colon cancer and  <br> the resulting improvements in diagnosis and  <br>  therapeutics. Characterizing the genes that cause  <br> colon cancer and applying his knowledge to patient management, thus contributing to better health and welfare of patients.</td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.bio.upenn.edu/faculty/janzen/">Dr. Daniel H. Janzen</a> <br> Thomas E. and Louise G. DiMaura Professor of  <br> Conservation Biology at the University of  <br> Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.<br> <small><i>Citation Classic Commentaries </i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1982/A1982NC82100001.pdf">#1</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1980/A1980HX94100001.pdf">#2</a><br> <i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/janzen-dh_src/">HistCite File</a></i></small> </td> <td>Contributions to conservation biology based on  <br> the quantitative formulation of the consequences of seed predation to animals and plants resulting in  <br> better interface between society and tropical  <br> wildland biodiversity.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"><b><sup><u><font size="+1">2002</font></u></sup></b> </p> <p><i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/johnscottaward/js2002capecchidesimone.html">story on winners for the year 2002...</a></i></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.neuroscience.med.utah.edu/Faculty/Capecchi.html">Dr. Mario R. Capecchi</a> <br> Distinguished Professor of Human  Genetics  <br> University of Utah,  School of  Medicine.</td> <td>Seminal contributions to the development of a technique for the deletion or replacement of any gene in mice, leading to a greater understanding of human genetic diseases. </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.chem.unc.edu/people/faculty/desimonejm/jmdindex.html">Professor Joseph M. DeSimone</a> <br> W.R. Kenan Jr. Distinguished Professor of  <br> Chemistry and Chemical Engineering<br> University of North Carolina                                                <br> </td> <td>Seminal contributions to the manufacturing and processing of polymers in supercritical carbon dioxide, thus reducing the use and generation of substances that are hazardous to human health and the environment.                                                        <br> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"><sup><u><font size="+1">2001</font></u></sup></b> <br> <i><font color="#3366ff"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.the-scientist.com/yr2001/dec/maher_p12_011210.html">story on winners for the year 2001...</a></font></i></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.physics.ucla.edu/%7Ecwp/Phase2/Rubin,_Vera_Cooper@931234567.html">Dr. Vera Cooper Rubin </a> <br> Senior Researcher  <br> Department of Terrestrial Magnetism  <br> Carnegie Institution of Washington  <br> See profile in <span style="font-style: italic;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/295/5557/960.pdf">Science</a></span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/295/5557/960.pdf">  295:960-61 February 8, 2002</a>                              <br> </td> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">Major contribution to establishing the existence of dark matter through analysis of experimental data, thereby enlarging our grasp of the universe and hence the scope of human endeavor.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/2001/index.html">Professor K. Barry Sharpless</a> <br> W.M. Keck Professor<br> Scripps Research Institute<br> La Jolla, CA                                     <br> </td> <td>Pioneering research on asymmetric epoxidation, greatly facilitating the synthesis of drugs and sugars, thereby contributing to the health and welfare of mankind.                                     <br> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> </center> <div style="text-align: center;"><b><sup><u><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1"><br> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;">2000</span></font></font></u></sup></b> <br> </div> <center> <p><i><font color="#3366ff"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.the-scientist.com/yr2000/dec/wilson_p8_001211.html">story on winners for the year 2000..</a>.</font></i></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold;"><a style="font-weight: normal;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.laskerfoundation.org/library/armstrong/cv.html">Armstrong, Clay M.</a> <br> <span style="font-weight: normal;">Professor of Physiology, University of Pennslyvania, Philadelphia, PA    </span>      <br> </td> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">Pioneering research on ion channel gating mechanism.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://spin.niddk.nih.gov/bax/people/bax.html">Adriaan Bax</a>     <br> National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD</td> <td>Seminal contributions to structural biology by advancing nuclear magneticresonanance.     <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www4.nationalacademies.org/nas/naspub.nsf/8525635c0044ada8852562e6005c3973/7246ce303832b601852569df006efca5?OpenDocument">Mary Dell Chilton</a> <br> Executive Director / VP of Agricultural Biotechnology,                       <br> Novartis Seeds Inc.  <br> Research Triangle, NC  <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1985/A1985ATD9300002.pdf"><i>Citation Classic </i>Commentary</a></td> <td>Pioneering research on the genetic modification of plants and  her work on Crown Gall Disease.<br>                                                <br> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"><sup><u><font size="+1">1999</font></u></sup></span> <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1999/nov/russo_p1_991122.html">story on winners for the year 1999 ...</a></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/%7Ehistory/Mathematicians/Mandelbrot.html">Mandelbrot, Benoit B. Prof.</a> <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1982/A1982NR91700001.pdf"><i>Citation Classic </i>Commentary</a></td> <td width="50%">Role in formulating concepts regarding fractal analysis and self similarity, which have impacted areas as diverse as human heartbeat dynamics and the fracturing of metals</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.herald-sun.com/cityomed/com/knudson.html">Knudson, Alfred G. Dr.</a></td> <td width="50%">Research on retinoblastoma, leading to the mutational theory of cancer causation and the concept of a tumor suppressor gene</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1998</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;">      <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1998/dec/smaglik_p1_981207.html">story on winners for the year 1998 ...</a><br> <br> </span></div> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://george.arc.nasa.gov/dx/basket/storiesetc/99102.html">Blumberg, Baruch S. Dr.</a> <br> <i>Citation Classic</i> Commentaries <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1983/A1983QW37500001.pdf">#1</a>  and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1979/A1979HW50100001.pdf">#2</a></td> <td width="50%">Studies of the relationship of the hepatitis B virus to hepatitis and liver cancer. Vaccine against hepatitis B is preventing newborn children from developing the disease</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www1.od.nih.gov/wals/folkman.html">Folkman, Moses Judah, Dr.</a></td> <td width="50%">Discovery of the mechanism and importance of angiogenesis and development of angiogenesis inhibitors as an approach to treating cancer</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"><u><font size="+1">1997</font></u></b> <br> <a style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1997/dec/notebook_971208.html">story on winners for the year 1997 ... (scroll to the end of the article)</a></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1998/apr/apr_art/brinster.jpg">Brinster, Ralph L. Prof.</a> <br> <i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1990/A1990CY29900002.pdf">Citation Classic </a></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1990/A1990CY29900002.pdf">Commentary</a></td> <td width="50%">Research in transgenesis.  Transgenic animals pioneered by him produce insight into such human genetic disorders as birth defects, cancer, heart disease</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.chem.tamu.edu/rgroup/cotton">Cotton, Frank A. Prof.</a> <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1982/A1982NQ25700001.pdf"><i>Citation Classic</i> Commentary</a></td> <td width="50%">Creating new paradigms for chemical bonding and synthesis in chemistry as well as their applications in catalysis and enzyme action</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"><u><font size="+1">1996</font></u></b> <br> <span style="font-style: italic;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1996/dec/notebook_961209.html">story on winners for the year 1996 ...</a></span></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.cis.upenn.edu/%7Efarber/">Farber, David J. Prof</a>.<br> School of Engineering<br> University of Pennsylvania<br> Philadelphia, PA<br> </td> <td width="50%">Seminal contributions to the field of computer networks and distributed computer systems. Involved in the creation of the DCS system and CSNET, forerunners of the Internet</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://iitf.doc.gov/members/heilmeier.html">Heilmeier, George H. Dr.</a> <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1982/A1982NL39400001.pdf"><i>Citation Classic</i> Commentary</a></td> <td width="50%">Development of liquid crystal displays and its applications in computers and consumer products</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"><u><font size="+1">1995</font></u></b> <br> <a style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1995/dec/subj_951211.html">story on winners for the year 1995 ...</a> <br style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <a style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1995/dec/notebook_951211.html">also see Notebook item...</a></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://vianet.net.au/%7Ebjmrshll/index.html">Marshall, Barry J. Dr.</a></td> <td width="50%">Discovery of the bacterium, Helicobacter pylori and its direct role in causign peptic ulcers.  His research was completed in the face of entrenched belief that ulcers are caused by release of excess acid in the stomach.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/staff/CVs/John.Mather/">Mather, John C. Dr.</a></td> <td width="50%">Unprecedented accuracy in measurements of temperature fluctuations in cosmic background radiation, thereby confirming predictions of the big bang model of the early universe</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.psc.edu/science/Taylor/Taylor-bio.html">Taylor, Joseph H. Prof.</a> <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1984/A1984RU75300002.pdf"><i>Citation Classic</i> Commentary</a></td> <td width="50%">Discovery of the first binary pulsar.  His detailed observations of the binary pulsar over a period of two decades have confirmed portions of Einstein's theory of general relativity and gravitation</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"><u><font size="+1">1994</font></u></b> <br> <span style="font-style: italic;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1994/dec/award_941212.html">story on winners for the year 1994 ...</a></span></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.fccc.edu/postdoc/researchers/mintz/index.html">Mintz, Beatrice Dr.</a></td> <td width="50%">Contribution in the field of developmental genetics. By the creative use of her allophenic mice, she has illuminated genetics through studies of  development, function and disease.  Her seminal work on manipulating the genetic constitution of mouse embryos  enabled her to trace the clonal development of numerous tissues and thereby make contributions to the fields of health and disease that are unique for their quality, significance, and scope</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"><u><font size="+1">1993</font></u></b> <br> <span style="font-style: italic;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1993/dec/people_931213.html">story on winners for the year 1993 ...</a></span></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.kimmelcancercenter.org/staff/croce/default.htm">Croce, Carlo M. Dr.</a></td> <td width="50%">Pioneering research in understanding human cancer.  First to combine cyto-genetics and gene mapping to identify oncogenes involved in human malignancies and genetic mechanisms underlying the abnormal cell growth.  These techniques are not widely used and hold great hope for the future.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1996/smalley-autobio.html">Smalley, Richard E. Prof. </a><br> <b>(Nobelist - deceased October 28, 2005)</b> <br> Link to a  HistCite collection of his papers:  <br> <small><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/smalley-re_auth/">http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/smalley-re_auth/</a></small> <br> <small><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://othmerlib.chemheritage.org/search/Ysmalley&searchscope=6&SORT=D/Ysmalley&searchscope=6&SORT=D/1,5,5,B/l962&FF=Ysmalley&searchscope=6&SORT=D&5,5,,0,0">Archives 1973-2005 </a>at Othmer Library, Chemical Heritage Foundation, Philadelphia, Pa.</small></td> <td width="50%">Pioneering research on techniques and concepts which led to the realization in the laboratory of a third form of carbon, after diamonds and graphite, now called Buckminsterfullerene or carbon-60.  The existence of this new material has set off an exploration of materials research activity through the world.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1992</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.knaw.nl/heinekenprizes/lau_bio/1970.htm">Chance, Britton Prof. </a> <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1983/A1983RQ98000001.pdf"><i>Citation Classic</i> Commentary</a></td> <td width="50%">Pioneering achievements in shaping the field of quantitative biochemistry  leading to the development of novel diagnostic methods in medicine.  His pioneering clinical applications, including  magnetic resonance spectroscopy and photon migration imaging, have significantly enhanced the scope of noninvasive study of disease</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://nobel.sdsc.edu/chemistry/laureates/1993/mullis-autobio.html">Mullis, Kary B. Dr.</a></td> <td width="50%">Originating the concept of the polymerase chain reaction.  Developed an ingenious simple recipe for copying segments of DNA, the genetic material, thereby contributing to progress in the fields of molecular biology and human genetics and in the early detection of disease.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1991</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.acnatsci.org/explore/ruthlife.html">Patrick,  Ruth Dr</a><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.acnatsci.org/explore/ruthlife.html">.</a></b><br> Senior Curator of Limnology and Honorary Chairman of the Board of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA</td> <td width="50%">Creative achievements in biology and ecology, especially seminal discoveries of the importance of species diversity to the health of aquatic life in rivers, and work on water pollution</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://rleweb.mit.edu/rlestaff/p-ippe.htm">I</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://rleweb.mit.edu/rlestaff/p-ippe.htm">ppen, Erich P. Prof</a>., MIT  <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.lbl.gov/Charles-Shank-bio.html">Shank, Charles V. Prof.</a>, Berkeley</td> <td width="50%">Pioneering development of ultrashort laser pulses, thereby making possible new discoveries of elementary processes important in physics, biology, chemistry and engineering</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1990</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1990/july/people3_900723.html">Koprowski,  Hilary Dr.</a>,  <br> former Director,  Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA now at <br> Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia</td> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">Pioneering contributions to rabies research.  Rabies vaccine developed is first new step in rabies immunization since Pasteur</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.wsu.edu:8080/%7Ewheaties/orville.html">Vogel, Orville, A. Dr.</a><b> </b>, Professor Emeritus, Washington State University</td> <td width="50%">Invention of semidwarf wheats which have since spread across the world contributing measureably to the food supplies available worldwide</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1989</font></u></b></p> </center> <center><br> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption>  <center> <p></p> </center> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.oism.org/oism/s32p16.htm">Kamen, Martin D. Dr. </a> , Professor Emeritus of Biology, University of California</td> <td width="50%">Discovery and isolation of the long-lived radioisotope of carbon, Carbon-14</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.mrl.ucsb.edu/mrl/faculty/heeger.html">Heeger, Alan J.  Dr.</a>, Professor of Physics at the University of California  <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.sas.upenn.edu/chem/faculty/macdiarmid/macdiarmid.html">MacDiarmid,  Alan G.</a> Dr., Professor of Chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania</td> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">Pioneering research and invention in the field of metallic conducting polymers made from carbon compounds.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1988</font></u> </p> <p><font size="+1">No Awards Made</font> </p> <p><u><font size="+1">1987</font></u> </p> <p><font size="+1">No Awards Made</font> </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><u><font size="+1">1986</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">Fraser, David William  Dr., President - Swarthmore College, PA..  Distinguished Epidemiologist.</td> <td width="50%">For his leading role in the team at the Center for Disease Control and elsewhere in identifying the cause of <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/legionnairesdisease.html">Legionnaires' Disease</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/">Garfield, Eugene  Dr.</a>, President and Chairman, Institute for Scientific Information</td> <td width="50%">Pioneering in the field of information retrieval, scientometrics and scientific communication</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"><b><u><font size="+1">1985</font></u></b> </p> <p style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"><b><font size="+1">No Awards Made</font></b> </p> <p><u><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1">1984</font></font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Drickamer, Harry G.</b>, Prof. Univ. of Illinois</td> <td width="50%">Development of high pressure tuning of electronic orbitals</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://nobel.sdsc.edu/medicine/laureates/1984/milstein-autobio.html">Milstein, Cèsar, Dr.</a>, Cambridge, England  <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/archive/kohler.html">Kohler, Georges, Dr</a>., Switzerland</td> <td width="50%">Discovery of a method for the production of monoclonal antibodies</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1983</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/HPS/transplant/html/kolff.html">Kolff, Willem J</a>., MD, Ph.D. Univ. of Utah</td> <td width="50%">Contributions to the development of the artitificial kidney and heart</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.invent.org/book/book-text/48.html">Gould, Gordon</a>, Optelecom, Gaithersburg, MD</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the Laser</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1982</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.chemheritage.org/HistoricalServices/Abstract/sternbach.htm">Sternbach, Leo H.</a>, Ph.D., Dr.Tech. h.c.  <br> Hoffman-LaRoche Company, Nutley, NJ</td> <td width="50%">Invention of benzodiazepines as useful drugs</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Fishman, Jack</b>, Prof. Rockefeller Univ. NY  <br> Blumberg, Harold, Prof.., NY</td> <td width="50%">Invention and development of Naloxone as a morphine antagonist</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1981</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Black, James Whyte</b>, Prof.  <br> Wellcome Foundation, London, England  <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1991/A1991GR14200001.pdf"><i>Citation Classic</i> Paper </a></td> <td width="50%">Drugs such as Cimetidine and Propanolol (Cimetidine is used for the medical cure of peptic ulcers; Propanolol is a most useful drug in the treatment of hypertension and various cardiac disorders)</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.invent.org/book/book-text/91.html">Rubin, Ben</a>, Dr.,  <br> Wyeth Labs, Radnor, PA</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the bifurcated vaccination needle which contributed to the eradication of smallpox</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1980</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.svec.org/hof/1992.html#linvill">Linvill, John G</a>., Prof. Stanford University,CA  <br> Bliss, James D., Dr. Palo Alto, CA</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the "Optacon"</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%">Soper, Quentin F., Dr.  <br> Lilly Research  Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN</td> <td width="50%">Invention of herbicides known as 2,6-Dinitroanilines ("Treflan")</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1979</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://kanchanapisek.or.th/pmaf/awardees/index.en.html">Favaloro, Rene</a>, MD,  Guemes Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina  <br> <b>Johnson, Dudley</b>, W., MD, Milwaukee, WI  <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1981/A1981LZ52000001.pdf"><i>Citation Classic</i> Commentary</a></td> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">Contributions fo the development of coronary artery bypass surgery</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.bfi.org/">Fuller, Buckminster R</a>., Philadelphia, PA</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the geodesic dome</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1978</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.rsnz.govt.nz/awards/academy_awards/year99/walsh.php">Walsh, Sir Alan</a>, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Res. Org., Australia</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the atomic absorption method for quantitative analysis of the elements</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.ideachannel.com/Ames.htm">Ames, Bruce N</a>., UCLA, Berkeley  <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1984/A1984SG00100001.pdf"><i>Citation Classic</i> Commentary</a></td> <td width="50%">Invention of Salmonella/Microsome Plate Assay (Ames Test)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1977</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?ti=0B472000">Hounsfield, Godfrey N</a>., Dr.  <br> EMI Central Research Labs. Middlesex, England</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the first practical computerized axial tomography system</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Edman, Per</b>, Dr.(Deceased prior  award being made)  <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1984/A1984SC61800001.pdf"><i>Citation Classic</i> Paper</a></td> <td width="50%">Invention of amino acid sequencer</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1976</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Clarke, Sir Cyril A</b>., Prof. University of Liverpool, England  <br> <i>Citation Classic</i> Commentaries  #<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1986/A1986AYK5300001.pdf">1</a> and #<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1990/A1990DV41100001.pdf">2</a> <br> <b>Freda, Vincent J</b>., Dr., Columbia Univ. NY  <br> <b>Gorman, John G.</b>, Dr., Columbia Univ. NY  <br> <b>Pollack, William</b>, Dr., Columbia Univ. NY</td> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">Invention of the method of prevention of Rhesus Haemolytic Disease</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Lorenzen, Coby</b>, Prof. Emeritus  <br> UCLA, Davis, CA  <br> <b>Sluka, Steven</b>, UCLA, Davis, CA</td> <td width="50%">Inventions leading to the first practical tomato harvester</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Hanna, Gordie C</b>., Olericulturist Emeritus</td> <td width="50%">Inventive development of varieties of tomatoes necessary for use of the harvester</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1975</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Graham, Robert P</b>., Western Regional Research Center, USDA, Berkeley, CA</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the dry caustic process of peeling fruits and vegetables </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.pbs.org/transistor/album1/addlbios/holonyak.html">Holonyak, N., Jr</a>., Prof. University of Illinois  <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1981/A1981MT33400001.pdf"><i>Citation Classic</i> Commentary </a></td> <td width="50%">Inventions leading to the first practical light emitting diode</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1974</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Kompfner, R.</b> Dr., Stanford University, CA  <br> <b>Pierce, John R</b>., Prof.,CALTECH, CA</td> <td width="50%">Invention in the development of the "Communications satellites"</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://hipsandknees.com/hip/charnley.htm">Charnley, John</a>, Dr., Manchester, England</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the total prosthetic replacement of the hip joint</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1973</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Suckling, C.W.</b>, Dr., Buckinghamshire, U.K.  <br> <b>Raventos, James</b>, Dr., Cheshire, England</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the inhalent anaesthetic halothane</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Koch, Peter</b>, Dr., Alexandria, LA.</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the chipping headrig</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1972</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Reid, J. David</b>, Dr. USDA, New Orleans, LO</td> <td width="50%">Inventions contributing substantially and critically to the development of durable press cottons</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Skeggs, Leonard T</b>., Dr. VA Hospital, Cleveland,OH  <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1978/A1978FL81200002.pdf"><i>Citation Classic </i>Commentary</a></td> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">Invention of the automatic analyzer</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Anderson, Norman G</b>., Dr.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the Zonal Ultra Centrifuge</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1971</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Gunn, J.B.</b>, Dr., IBM Research Division  <br> Yorktown Heights, NY</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the first Gallium Arsenide Microwave Generator</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Draper, Charles S.</b>,  <br> Charles Stark Draper Lab., MIT</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the first practical inertial guidance system</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Lathe, G.H</b>., Professor, Leeds University, England  <br> <b>Ruthven, C.G.R</b>., Dr., London, England</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the Gel Filtration Technique</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1970</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Ginsburg, Charles P</b>., Redwood, CA</td> <td width="50%">Method of recording pictures in motion on magnetic tape</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Morgan, Stephen W.K.</b></td> <td width="50%">Method of recovering zinc by a blast furnace</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Mueller, E.W.</b>, Penna State University</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the field of Ion Microscope and the Atom Probe</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1969</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Parkes, A.S</b>., Dr. <br> Christ's College, Cambridge, England  <br> <b>Smith, Audrey U</b>., Dr. London, U.K.  <br> <b>Polge, Christopher</b>, Dr. , U.K.</td> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">Method of low temperature preservation of living cells and tissues</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Stacey, Maurice</b>, Prof.  <br> Univ. of Birmingham, U.K.</td> <td width="50%">Invention and method of manufacture  of bacterial Dextran, blood plasma substitute </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Jennings, Peter R</b>., Dr. , Columbia, SA  <br> <b>Chang, T.T</b>., Dr. , Manila, The Phillipines  <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1985/A1985ARS2000001.pdf"><i>Citation Classic</i> Paper </a> <br> <b>Beachell, Henry M.</b>, Laguna, The Phillipines</td> <td width="50%">Invention of tropical dwarf rice IR 8</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Pilkington, Alistair B.</b> <br> Lancashire, England</td> <td width="50%">Float Glass Process</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1968</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Davis, Edward W</b>., Prof. Silver Bay, MN</td> <td width="50%">Inventions leading to the economic recovery of iron from Taconite ore</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Cockerell, Christopher S</b>., Hampshire, U.K.</td> <td width="50%">"Ground Effects Machine" known as the Hovercraft</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1967</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Zoll, Paul M</b>., Medical School, Harvard Univiversity</td> <td width="50%">Heart Pacemaker</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Fernandez-Moran, Humberto</b>, Prof. Univ.Chicago</td> <td width="50%">Diamond knife</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Mertz, Edwin T</b>., Prof. Purdue University  <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1988/A1988Q713400001.pdf"><i>Citation Classic </i>Commentary</a> <br> <b>Nelson, Oliver E</b>., Dr. Purdue University</td> <td width="50%">First high quality protein corn</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1966</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Bowles, Romald E.</b>, Dr.  <br> Engineering Corp. Silver Springs, Md.  <br> <b>Horton, Billy M</b>.,  <br> <b>Warren, Raymond W</b>.,  <br> Harry Diamond Lab, Washington DC</td> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">Fluid amplifiers</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Hoerni, Jean</b>. Dr.  <br> Fairchild Camera & Instrument Corp., CA.</td> <td width="50%">Method of achieving true dimensional surface passivation of semi-conductor devices as an integral part of the basic manufacturing process</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1965</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Kolin, Alexander </b>Prof. (Univ. of California)</td> <td width="50%">Electro magnet flow meter</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1945/florey-bio.html"><b>Florey, Sir Howard W</b>.</a>, London, England</td> <td width="50%">Inventive development and establishment of Penicillin as a therapeutic agent in medicine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Guthrie, John D</b>., New Orleans, LA  <br> <b>Reeves, Wilson A.</b>, New Orleans, LA</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Chloride Process for flame proofing cellulosic textiles</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>McClure, Frank  T.</b>, Johns Hopkins Univ. Md.</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the satellite doppler navigation system</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1964</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Anger, Hal O.</b>, UCLA Berkeley</td> <td width="50%">Positron Scintillation Camera</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Sheehan, John C., </b>MIT</td> <td width="50%">Total synthesis of Penicillin and certain analogues of Penicillin</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Carlson, Chester W.</b></td> <td width="50%">Invention of the Xerox process</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Schachman, H.A., </b>UCLA Berkeley</td> <td width="50%">Split Beam, Automatic, Photo-electric absorption optical system for ultra centrifuge</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1963</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1963/natta-bio.html">Natta, Guilio, Prof.</a> </b>University of Milan</td> <td width="50%">Process for making stereo regular (or isotactic) hydrocarbon polymers</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Wain, R.L</b>.,<b></b>Prof. University of London</td> <td width="50%">Group of weed killers known as "Butyric" weed killers</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Lowry, Oliver H.</b>, Prof. Washington Univ., St. Louis</td> <td width="50%">Method of isolating, preparing, weighing and chemically studying single nerve cells and sub cellular particles</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1964/townes-bio.html">Townes, Charles H</a>.</b>, Provost MIT</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the Maser</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1962 </font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Sparke, J.W.</b> <br>  Aircraft Establishment, Hants, U.K.</td> <td width="50%">RAE visual glide path indicator</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Bickel, Horst</b>, Dr., Prof. Pediatrics,  <br> Univ. Kinderklinik, Marburg, Germany  <br> <b>Gerrard, John</b>, Prof. Pediatrics, Univ.  <br> Saskatchewan, Canada  <br> <b>Hickmans, Evely</b>n, Wolverhampton, U.K.</td> <td width="50%">Method of controlling Phenylketonuria</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1961</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Knipling, E.F</b>., Dr., Entomology Res. Div.  <br> USDA, Maryland  <br> <b>Bushland, R.C</b>., Dr., Livestock Insects     Investigations, USDA, Texas</td> <td width="50%">Method of eradicating screw worms and other destructive insects by eliminating reproduction through the rearing and release of sufficient sterile male flies</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Eckert, J. Presper, Jr.</b> <br> Remington Rand Univac, Blue Bell, Pa  <br> <b>Mauchley, John W.</b>, Dr., Mauchley Assoc.  Ambler, Pa.</td> <td width="50%">First large-scale electronic computer</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1960  </font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Coulter, Wallace H.</b></td> <td width="50%">Invention of the Coulter fine particle counter and size analyzer</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Forward, Frank A.</b>, Prof., Mining & Metallurgy Dept. Univ. of Br. Columbia</td> <td width="50%">Forward process for extracting nickel and other metals from ore concentrates</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Williams, F.C</b>., O.B.E., Electrical Eng. Labs, Univ. of Manchester, U.K.</td> <td width="50%">Super regenerative responder and other inventions in the radar responder field</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1959 <br> </font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Randall, John T.</b>, Prof. of Physics  <br> University of London King's College  <br> <b>Boot, Henry A.H., Dr</b>.</td> <td width="50%">Cavity Magnetron</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Link, Karl P.</b>, Dr.  Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin</td> <td width="50%">Invention of Dicumarol and of the method of extraction</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Lyon, Dean A.</b>, Dr. </td> <td width="50%">Method of producing the first practically useful optical coating for the reduction of light reflection</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1958</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Holmes, Eric L.</b>, Research Chemist  <br> <b>Adams, Basil A. Chemist</b></td> <td width="50%">First practical synthetic ion exchange resins and their application</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1975/dulbecco-autobio.html">Dulbecco, Renato</a></b>, M.D.  <br> Dept. of Biochemistry, CALTECH</td> <td width="50%">Method of production of plaques with animal cells</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Burroughs, Wise</b>, Dr.  <br> Animal Husbandry, Iowa State College</td> <td width="50%">Estrogen usage in cattle and sheep feeds</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1952/martin-bio.html">Martin, A.J.P.</a></b>, F.R.S. Chemical Consultant</td> <td width="50%">Inventions in chromatography and particularly vapor phase chromatography</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1">1957</font></font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Salk, Jonas E</b>., M.D., Prof. of Bacteriology, University of Pittsburgh</td> <td width="50%">Salk Poliomyelitis vaccine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Whittle, Air Commodore Sir Frank</b> <br> Aeronautical Engineer</td> <td width="50%">First practical turbo-jet engine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Burton, Glenn W.</b>, Dr. ,  <br> Principal Geneticist  <br> Georgia Coastal Plan Exp. Station  <br> Univ. of Georgia College of Agriculture</td> <td width="50%">Coastal Bermuda Grass</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1956</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Swern, Daniel </b> Dr.  <br> Animal Fats Sec., Agricultural Research  <br> USDA</td> <td width="50%">Invention and subsequent development of epoxidized fatty compounds which are used as stabilizing plasticizers for vinyl plastics</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Pearson, G.L</b>. Physicist, Bell Labs  <br> <b>Chapin, D.M. </b>Electrical Engineer, Bell Labs  <br> <b>Fuller, C.S.</b>, Chemist, Bell Labs</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the Bell Solar Battery</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1955</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>McFadden, Edgar S</b>., Agronomist, Agricultural Exp. Station, Texas A&M</td> <td width="50%">Origination and development of the first rust-resistant bread wheat</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Olson, Harry F.</b>, Dr.  <br> Acoustical & Electro-mechanical Res. Lab  <br> RCA Labs, Radio Corp. of America</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the Velocity Microphone</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Beams, Jesse W</b>., Prof. of Physics  <br> University of Virginia</td> <td width="50%">Inventions in the field of centrifugation and particularly the magnetically supported centrifuge</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1954</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Williams Robley C.</b>, Dr. ,  <br> Prof. of Biophysics, UCLA</td> <td width="50%">Invention of a method of depositing thin metal films by thermal evaporation which has found practical application in mirror coatings for astronomy and in electron microscopy</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Du Vigneaud, Vincent</b>, Prof. of Biochemistry, Cornell Univ. Med. College</td> <td width="50%">Synthesis of the important posterior pituitary hormone, oxytocin</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Camras, Marvin</b>, Research Physicist, Armour Research Fnd. of Ill. Inst. of Tech</td> <td width="50%">Method and means of obtaining distortion free magnetic recording through high frequency bias</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1956/bardeen-bio.html">Bardeen, John</a></b>, Prof. Physics & Elec. Eng.  <br> University of Illinois  <br> Brattain, Walter H., Dr., Bell Telephone Lab</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the transistor</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Sikorsky, Igor T.</b>, Sikorsky Aircraft, Div. of United Aircraft Corp.</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the first practically useful single sustaining rotor helicopter</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Powers, John B</b>., Dept. of Agriculture, UCLA</td> <td width="50%">Color sorter for fruits and vegetables</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1953</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Houdry, Eugene T.</b></td> <td width="50%">Inventions in the catalytic cracking process for the refining of petroleum</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Gibbon, John H.</b>, Dr.,  <br> Prof.  of  Surgery & Dir. of Surgical Res., Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the heart-lung apparatus</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1952</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1951/seaborg-bio.html">Seaborg, Glenn T.</a> </b>Dr., Prof. of Chemistry, UCLA</td> <td width="50%">Discovery and invention of the transuranium elements - Plutonium, Americium, Curium, Berkelium and Californium</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1968/alvarez-bio.html">Alvarez, Louis Walter</a></b>, Dr., Prof. of Physics, UCLA</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the ground control approach radar landing system</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1951</font></u></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Couch, James F</b>., Dr., Chemist in charge of Tobacco Section, USDA</td> <td width="50%">Process for the extraction of rutin from buckwheat</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Plunkett, Roy J.</b>, Dr.,  Organic Chemicals Dept. E.I. Dupont de Nemours & Co.</td> <td width="50%">Invention of polytetrafluoroethylene</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"><b><u><font size="+1">1950</font></u></b> </p> <p><b><u>No Awards Made</u></b> </p> <p style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"><b><u><font size="+1">1949</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Caldwell, Frank W.</b>, Director of Research United Aircraft Corp.</td> <td width="50%">Development of controllable pitch propeller</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Bennett, Harry T</b>., Chief Chemist, Mid Continental Petroleum Corp.</td> <td width="50%">Stabilization of cracked gasoline</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Story, LeRoy G.</b>, Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Associated with Swift & Co. stabilization of Cracked gasoline</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>King, Charles Glen</b>, Dr. Scientific Director, The Nutrition Foundation, Inc</td> <td width="50%">Isolation and identification of Vitamin C</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1952/waksman-bio.html">Waksman, Selman A</a></b>., Dr., Prof of Microbiology, Rutgers University</td> <td width="50%">Discovery and development of Streptomycin</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1948</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Tuve, Merle A</b>., Dr., Director, Carnegie Inst.</td> <td width="50%">Development of Proximity Fuze</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Kharasch, Morris S.</b>, Prof. of Chemistry. University of Chicago</td> <td width="50%">Development of organic mercurial seed disinfectants</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1947</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Seibert, Florence B</b>. Dr., Assoc. Prof. Biochemistry, Henry Phipps Inst. </td> <td width="50%">Development of the purified protein derivative of Tuberculin</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1946</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Kerst, Donald W.</b>  Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Betatron or induction electron accelerator</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1945</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Goodhue, Lyle D.</b> Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Invention of aerosol insecticides</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Cohn, Edwin J. </b> Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Methods of yielding separated blood proteins of therapeutic value</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Goodpasture, Ernest W.</b>  Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Growth of viruses in chick embryos</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Doering, William E.</b>  Dr.  <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1965/"><b>Woodward, Robert B. </b>Dr</a>.</td> <td width="50%">Total synthesis of quinine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Schull, George H.</b> Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Origination of hybrid corn</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1944</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1945/">Fleming, Sir Alexander</a></b></td> <td width="50%">Discovery of Penicillin</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1943</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Dandy, Walter E., M.D.</b></td> <td width="50%">Development of Ventriculography</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Bush, Vannevar, </b>Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Development of the differential analyzer</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Garand, John C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Invention of the U.S. Rifle Cal. .30 MI</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Jackson, Chevalier</b>, M.D.</td> <td width="50%">Devising instruments and methods useful in Bronchoscopy</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Shope, Richard E</b>.  Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Discovery of the complex etiology of swine influenza</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Stader, Otto</b>  Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the reduction and fixation bone splint</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1942</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Armstrong, Major Edwin H.</b></td> <td width="50%">Work in frequency modulation in radio</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Williams, Robert R. </b> Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Work in Thiamin (Vitamin B1)</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Robinson, Vice Admiral Samuel Murray</b></td> <td width="50%">Outstanding wok in warship design and construction</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Taylor, Arthur Hoyt</b>, Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Important researches in application of radio to naval purposes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1941</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Wangensteen, Owen H.</b>, M.D.</td> <td width="50%">Development of syphonage treatment of intestinal obstruction</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1940</font></u></b> </p> <p><b><u>No Awards Made</u></b> <br>   </p> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1939</font></u></b> </p> <p><b><u>No Awards Made</u></b> <br>    </p> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1938</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Stanley, Wendell M.</b></td> <td width="50%">Isolation of the tobacco mosaic virus in crystalline form</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Land, Edwin H</b>.</td> <td width="50%">Invention of a substance designated "Polaroid"</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1937</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Graham, Evarts A</b>.  Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Application of the X-Ray in the treatment of the gall bladder</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Coolidge,  W.D.</b>  Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Application of new principle in x-ray tubes</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615165455/http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1932/"><b>Langmuir, Irving</b>  Dr.</a></td> <td width="50%">Physical-chemical discoveries resulting in improved incandescent lamps</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1936</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Kettering, Charles F.</b></td> <td width="50%">Invention of the first electrical-mechanical self starter for use in connection with automobiles</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Kelley, George S</b>.</td> <td width="50%">Invention of the Kelley dust trap used in the prevention of Silicosis</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Ewing, James</b>  M.D.</td> <td width="50%">Pioneer work in classifying tumors, a discovery of incalculable value in the treatment of malignant growths.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1935</font></u></b> </p> <p><b>No Awards Made</b> </p> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1934</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Mehl, Robert F</b>. Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Radiography of metals</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Richards,  A. Newton </b>Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Function of the kidneys</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Tesla, Nikola </b> Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Polyphase system of generating, transmitting, distributing and utilizing electricity</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1933</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Conrad, Frank </b>  Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Application of short wave radio</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Minot, George Richards</b>, M.D.</td> <td width="50%">Liver cure in pernicious anemia</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Neesson, C.R.</b> <br> <b>Galson, H.L.</b> <br> <b>Heller, H.C.</b> <br> <b>Steinfeld, H.K.</b></td> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">Production of the De la Vergne airconditioning apparatus</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1932</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Budd, Edward G</b>.</td> <td width="50%">A novel method of welding, designated shot welding of stainless steel, and its fabrication into structural members of very light weight and high sustaining power. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Emerson, George H</b></td> <td width="50%">Water tube fire box boilers for steam locomotive</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Emmet, W.L.R.</b></td> <td width="50%">Mercury vapor boiler and its practical application for power purposes</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Slepian, Joseph </b></td> <td width="50%">Discoveries in the field of deionization of gases and fundamental and outstanding inventions involving these discoveries</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1931</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Marconi, Guglielmo</b></td> <td width="50%">Wireless telegraphy</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Vauclain, Samuel M</b></td> <td width="50%">Manifold improvements in steam locomotive</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Temple, Robert M.</b></td> <td width="50%">Benjamin Franklin dough mixing and kneading machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Emery, Albert H.</b></td> <td width="50%">Mechanical device for testing materials</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Peters, Orville S.</b></td> <td width="50%">Electric telemeter, a recording device for noting the stresses in  <br> bridge members, etc. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Kingsbury, Albert</b></td> <td width="50%">Thrust bearing for use in ships and heavy machinery</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Herr, Herbert T.</b></td> <td width="50%">Miscellaneous inventions and discoveries in the field of reduction gearing used in connection with the turbo-electric drive; for the air-brake for checking speed of trains; for improvements in steam turbins and internal combustion engine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Drinker, Philip</b> <br> <b>Shaw, Louis A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Apparatus for administration of artificial respiration</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>de la Cierva, Juan</b> <br> <b>Pitcairn, Harold F.</b></td> <td width="50%">Invention of the autogiro, its improvement and development as a propelling and stabilizing force for "heavier than air" craft, and its introduction into America</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Carrier, Willis H.</b></td> <td width="50%">Apparatus for air conditioning</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1930</font></u></b> </p> <p><b>No Awards Made</b> </p> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1929</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>DeForest, Lee</b>, Electrical Engineer</td> <td width="50%">Audio used in radio</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Dubbs, Carbon P.</b>, Chem. Eng.</td> <td width="50%">Process for economically producing gasoline on a large scale</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Field, Allan Bartram</b>, Elec. Eng.</td> <td width="50%">Mathematical paper on eddy currents in large slot-wound conductors</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Levaditi, Constantin, M.D.</b> <br> <b>Sazerac, Robert, M.D.</b> <br> (Both of Pasteur Institute)</td> <td width="50%">Joint discovery of the use of Bismuth in the treatment of Syphilis</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Edison, Thomas A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Numerous inventions</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1928</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Evans, Herbert M</b>, M.D.</td> <td width="50%">Anti-sterility vitamin</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>McBride, Thomas C</b>., M.E.</td> <td width="50%">Locomotive feed water heater</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Bovie, William T.</b>, M.D.</td> <td width="50%">Development of an electro-surgical apparatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Arnold, Harold D.</b>, Ph.D.</td> <td width="50%">Development of the three-electrode high vacuum thermionic tube</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1927</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Amaral, Alfranio do</b>, Dr.</td> <td width="50%">Preparation of Antivenins</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Hess, Alfred F.</b>, M.D.</td> <td width="50%">Method of producing a vitamin factor in food by ultra-violet light</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Ives, Herbert E</b>., Physicist</td> <td width="50%">Electrical telephotography and television</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Kneass, Strickland L.</b></td> <td width="50%">Exhaust steam injector</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Knowles, Dewey DeForest</b></td> <td width="50%">Grid glow tube</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Rous, Peyton, M.D.</b></td> <td width="50%">Devices and development of a filtration technique for separation from tumor cells a substance producing sarcomain fowls</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1926 </font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Earle, Ralph,</b> Educator and Engineer</td> <td width="50%">14" naval railway gun mounts and mine barrage across the North Sea, used in World War</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Elman, Gustaf W</b>., Physicist</td> <td width="50%">Permalloy and its application in transmission of messages</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Hayes, Harvey C.</b>, Ph.D.</td> <td width="50%">Sonic depth finder and other submarine signalling devices</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1925</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Mousekeeper, William G</b>., E.E.</td> <td width="50%">Method of sealing through glass, metals having widely different expansion coefficients -- known as "copper glass seal" and is gas tight</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Morton, Charles H</b>.</td> <td width="50%">Development of grinding and invention of apparatus for precision grinding</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Harrison, Ross G</b>., Ph.D., M.D.</td> <td width="50%">Method of  tissue culture, etc. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Barber, Marshall A</b>., Ph.D.</td> <td width="50%">Devices for the micro-dissection of living cells</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Wright, Orville</b></td> <td>Development of Flying Machines</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1924</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Banting, Frederick G., M.D.</b></td> <td width="50%">Research leading to a potent extract of the pancreas-insulin.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Coblentz, William W</b>., Ph.D.</td> <td>Thermophiles and radiometers for measuring stellar radiation</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>McCollum, Elmer Verner, Ph.D. Sc.D.</b></td> <td>Research on Vitamins</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Modjeski, Ralph</b>, D.Eng.</td> <td width="50%">Skill and success in building of large bridges</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1923</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Day, Arthur L</b>, Ph.D., Sc.B.</td> <td width="50%">Organization of the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution.  Development of fine optical glass in this country (formerly derived only from Germany).</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Eijkman, C J</b>, M.D.</td> <td width="50%">First produced, experimentally, a disease like Beri-Beri by feeding polished rice to chickens.  This work has been applied to man and has called attention to an unrecognized element in food and started the study of dietary disease.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Aston, Francis William</b>, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.</td> <td width="50%">Development of the mass-spectrography and its use in the study of isotopes</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Thomson, Sir Joseph John</b>, O.M., F.R.S., LL.D, Ph.D, D.Sc.</td> <td width="50%">Development of the physics of the electron and the identification of it as the Atom of Negative Electricity</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <blockquote style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <blockquote> <center><b><u><font size="+1">1922 </font></u></b></center> </blockquote> </blockquote> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Duane, William</b>, Ph.D.</td> <td width="50%">Research in radio-activity and of the physics of radium and x-rays</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Osborne, Thomas</b>, Ph.D.</td> <td width="50%">Fundamental studies on the constitution of the vegetable proteins</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Fessenden, Reginald A. </b></td> <td width="50%">Invention of a reception scheme for continuous wave telegraphy as distinguished from the damped or spark system used by Marconi</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Haynes, Elwood</b>, B.S.</td> <td width="50%">Produced an alloy consisting of practically pure nickel and pure chromium; also an alloy named "Stellite". Discovered stainless steel.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1921</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%;"><b>Curie, Marie Skladowska</b></td> <td width="50%">Discovery of radium and the determination of its radioactive properties</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1920</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Hartness, James</b>  M.E.</td> <td width="50%"> <blockquote>Invention of high powered machine tools                                                                   <br> </blockquote> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <blockquote><b>Kandall, Edward C.</b>, Ph.D.</blockquote> </td> <td width="50%"> <blockquote>Research on Thyroxin</blockquote> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"> <blockquote><b>Mees, Charles E. Kenneth, D.Sc.</b></blockquote> </td> <td width="50%"> <blockquote>Research on structure of photographic images</blockquote> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"> <blockquote><b>Noguchi, Hideyo</b>, M.D.</blockquote> </td> <td width="50%"> <blockquote>Research on the cause and prevention of Yellow Fever</blockquote> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1918</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Dressler, Conrad D’Huc</b></td> <td width="50%"> Dressler Tunnel Kiln</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"> <b>Fahy, Frank P.</b></td> <td width="50%"> Fahy Permeameter</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Sweetland, Ernest J.</b></td> <td width="50%"> Sweetland Filter Press</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1917</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Bilyeu, Thomas </b></td> <td width="50%">International Money Machine.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>McCall, Thomas A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Hooven Automatic Typewriter.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Schoop, Max Ulrich</b></td> <td width="50%">Schoop Metal Spraying Process</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Tattersall, Alfred Rishworth</b></td> <td width="50%">Midget Marvel Flour Mill</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Yeomans, Lucien I.</b></td> <td width="50%"> Method of Machine Construction</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1916 <br> </font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Akeley, Carl E. </b></td> <td width="50%">Cement Gun</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Dorr, John V. N.</b></td> <td width="50%">Hydrometallurgical Apparatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Hanson, Hans </b> <br> <b>Hart, Frederick A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Invention Embodied in John Underwood & Co. 's Combined Typewriting and Calculating Machine </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1915</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Anderson, Harold N. </b></td> <td width="50%">Gear Rolling Machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Goldberg, Hyman E.</b> <br> <b>Wahl, J.C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Adding Machine, Calculating Attachment for Typewriters </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Hardinge, H. W.</b></td> <td width="50%">Conical Pebble Mill</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Street, Clement F.</b></td> <td width="50%">Locomotive Stoker</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1914</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Batdorf, Chas . S. </b></td> <td width="50%">Coin counting and wrapping machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Cerasoli. Alberto and Humphrey, HA.</b></td> <td>Humphrey Pump</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Guillaume, Chas. Edward</b></td> <td width="50%">Alloy Invar</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Kent, Arthur Atwater</b></td> <td width="50%">Unisparker, Ignition System</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Sperry, E.A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Gyroscopic Compass</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Spielman, Adolph</b></td> <td width="50%">Cloth Cutting Machine</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1913 <br> </font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Higgins, A.</b> <br> <b>Jacobs, C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Alundum refractories</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1912</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Alger, H.C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Liquid measurer</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Cowper-Coles, Sherard</b></td> <td>Process for depositing metals on metallic surfaces</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>McKee, M.A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Process of treating printing plates</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1911</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Behrend, Bernard Arthur</b></td> <td width="50%">High speed electric generators</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1910</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Baekeland, Dr. Leo H.</b></td> <td width="50%">Bakelight</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Lovekin, L.D.</b></td> <td>Device for relieving forces due to inertia and weight of valve gears</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Reno, J.W.</b></td> <td>Escalator, Inclined Elevator</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Tirrill, A.A.</b></td> <td>Voltage Regulator</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Welin, A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Life saving appliances on board ships</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1909</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Colby, E.A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Electric furnace for melting metals</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Dietz, Gustav</b></td> <td>High speed photographic between-lens shutter</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Ellis, H.</b></td> <td>Combined calculating and writing machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Herr, H.A.</b></td> <td>Liquid extracting by hydraulics automatically</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Jewell, Major R.</b> <br> <b>Powers, Timothy B.</b> <br> <b>Kelly, John F.</b></td> <td>Telelectric piano player</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>McFarlan Moore, D.</b></td> <td>The Moore light</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Pfatischer, Matthais</b></td> <td>Improvement in variable speed motors</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Shore, A.F.</b></td> <td>Scieroscope</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Wetzel, F.J.</b></td> <td>Automatic Mechanical Stoker</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Jenkins, C.F.</b></td> <td>Motion picture apparatus</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1908</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Ballentine, William I. </b></td> <td width="50%">Process of testing the hardness and density of metals</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Reagan, J.</b></td> <td width="50%">Improvements in grate bars</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Talbot, B.</b></td> <td>Improvements in the manufacturing of steel</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1907</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Engelhard, C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Heraeus LeChatelier Pyrometer</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Frahm, Herman</b></td> <td width="50%">Speed Indicator, Frequency Teller and Revolution Center</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Ives, F.E.</b></td> <td>New color meter</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Sargent, C.E.</b></td> <td>Complete expansion gas engine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Walter, L.H.</b></td> <td>Detection of electrical oscillations</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Wood, R.W. Prof</b></td> <td>Diffraction color photographs</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1906</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>Browning, John M. <br> (Colt's Patent Fire Arms Mfg.)</b></td> <td>Automatic pistols</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Chenoweth, Alexander C. </b></td> <td>Steel concrete foundation piles</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Heraeus, W . C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Quartz gloss mercury lamp</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Palmer, Frederick </b> <br> <b>Reynolds, J.R.</b> <br> <b>Tirrell, J.P.</b></td> <td>Engine stop and speed limit system</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Reed, Chas. J</b>. </td> <td width="50%">Speed-Jack.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Schmidt, Max E. </b></td> <td width="50%">Moving platforms</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1905  <br> </font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>Downes L. W.</b></td> <td>Fireproof insulated wire</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Byron, E.</b></td> <td width="50%">Process for flame regulation</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Frazer Dr. P.</b></td> <td>Quantitative colorimetry</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Hallowell, Howard T.</b></td> <td>Shaft hangers</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Ives, F.E.</b></td> <td>New form of replica of rowland diffraction grating</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Kurtz, David T.</b></td> <td width="50%">Process of electrically welding heads in caps and screw and  bolts</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Nernst Lamp Company</b></td> <td>Incandescent lamp</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Parkinson, Edward</b></td> <td>Knitting machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Rondinella, Lino F.</b></td> <td width="50%">Photo-printing machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Rosenbaum W.A.</b></td> <td>Automatic hydraulic letter copying press</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Semple, John Bonner</b></td> <td width="50%">Sheel torch or tracer   <font color="#ff0000">*</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Walter, Dr. B.</b></td> <td>Schaltung, an electric switch</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Wehnelt, Dr. A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Interrupter for induction machines</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1904</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Brill, John A. </b></td> <td width="50%">Convertible and Semi-convertible Cars, "Eureka" maximmum traction truck</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Burrows, Amos E.</b></td> <td width="50%">Feed Water Regulator</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Campbell, Charles H.</b> <br> <b>Campbell, Pearl T</b>.</td> <td width="50%">Reconstructed Milk </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Doble, Wm. A</b></td> <td width="50%">Improvement in the form of baskets for tangential water wheel</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Dodge, James M. </b></td> <td width="50%">Storage structure for coal and analogous material</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Heany, John Allen </b></td> <td width="50%">Enclosed arc lamp</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Ives, Frederick B</b></td> <td width="50%">Parallax Stereogram</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Furbish, Zachary T.</b></td> <td>Ratchet Tools</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Jones, Evan William</b></td> <td width="50%">Underfeed Mechanical Stoker</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Lattig, J. William</b></td> <td width="50%">Automatic Electric Semaphore Signal</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>von Z. Loss, H.V.</b></td> <td>Manufacturer of solid steel railway wheels by hydraulic forging with subsequent rolling</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Moore Lee C. </b></td> <td>Wire testing machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Nichols, H.B.</b> <br> <b>Voynow, C.B.</b></td> <td width="50%">Cast zinc joint for railroad bonding</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>See, Horace </b></td> <td width="50%">Hydro-Pneumatic Ash Ejector</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Shuman, F.</b></td> <td>Concrete pile for foundations</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"> <b>Wheeler, Dr. Schuyler S. </b></td> <td width="50%">Electric Buzz Fan</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1903  <br> </font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Burger, Henri J.</b></td> <td width="50%">Photo-Polychrome Printing Press</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Cross, William A. </b></td> <td width="50%">Horizontal Folding Doors</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Duncan, Joseph S.</b></td> <td width="50%">Addressograph</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>McCurdy Arthur W.</b></td> <td>Apparatus for developing photographic roll films</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Mellor L.B.</b></td> <td>Device for measuring and recording the variable diameter of tubes</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b> Morse, Everett F. </b></td> <td width="50%">Heat Gauge</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Sachs, J.</b></td> <td>Enclosed fuse protective devices</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Taylor, C.M. Jr.</b></td> <td>Adsorption process for butter making</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1902</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Bradley, Andrew J.</b></td> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">Stencil machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Claud, George M.A.</b> <br> <b>Hess, George A.</b> <br> <b>Fouche, Edmund</b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Process of storing explosive gases</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Hammer, William J.</b></td> <td width="50%">Telephone relay - Long distance phonographic and telephonic sound experiments between New York and Philadelphia.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Hermann, Henry O.</b></td> <td width="50%">Star ventilator</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Ihlder, J.D.</b> <br> <b>Smith, A.C.</b> <br> <b>Sundh, August</b> <br> <b>Otis, Sidney</b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top;">Electric Elevator</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Leonard, H.W.</b></td> <td>System of motor control</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Lewis, Wilfred</b> <br> <b>Tabor, Harris</b> <br> <b>Mumford, E.</b></td> <td>Molding machines</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Lincoln, P.M.</b></td> <td>Synchronism Indicator</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Rites, F.M.</b></td> <td width="50%">Shaft governors</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Schellenbach, William S.</b></td> <td>System of gearing</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Stieringer, L.</b></td> <td>Improvements in the art of electric illumination</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Walsh, Edward M.</b> <br> <b>Walsh, Sydney B.</b></td> <td width="50%">Method of making large objects from adventurine glass</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Wirt, Charles</b></td> <td>Rheostat</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1901</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Acheson, Edward  C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Process for Artificial Production of Graphite</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Adt, J.B.</b></td> <td>Tobacco Machines</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Albert, C.F.</b></td> <td>Improvements in Musical Instruments</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>American Prismatic Light Company</b></td> <td>Light projecting glass</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Bardwrell, Arthur F.</b></td> <td width="50%">Votometer</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Blakey, Thos. Wilkinson</b> <br> <b>Courtenay, William</b></td> <td width="50%">Reconstructed granite as a material for insulating purposes</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Blickensderfer, Geo. C. </b></td> <td width="50%">Typewriting Machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Carney, Thomas </b> <br> <b>Patterson, J.H.</b> <br> <b>Patterson, F. J.</b> <br> <b>Cook, Hugh</b></td> <td width="50%">Improvements in Cash Registers </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Darling, J. D. </b></td> <td width="50%">Electrical Production of Metals and Nitric Acid from Fused Nitrates</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Dobbins, Edward  J. </b> <br> <b>Moffat, George</b></td> <td width="50%">Improvement in Light Projecting Glasses </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Dock, Herman</b></td> <td width="50%">Tool for cutting screw threads - The Rivett-Dock thread tool</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Gillespie, Alfred J.</b></td> <td width="50%">Voting machines</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Hahl, Augustus L.</b></td> <td width="50%">Improved pneumatic clock</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Haines, Robert B., Jr.</b></td> <td width="50%">Automatic Micrometer rolling mill plate gauge</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Humphrey, Frank A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Circular saw machine and guide</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Kneass, Strickland L.</b></td> <td width="50%">Improvements on injectors</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Mershon, Ralph D.</b></td> <td width="50%">Station Potential indicator or compensator</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Morse, Everett F.</b></td> <td width="50%">Drive chain</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Richards, Joseph</b></td> <td width="50%">Balance for testing white metal alloys</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Shimer, Porter W.</b></td> <td width="50%">Combustion crucible</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Thomson, Elihu</b></td> <td>Constant electric current arc light transformer</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1900</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Bell, Chichester A.</b> <br> <b>Tainter, Summer</b></td> <td width="50%">Graphophone - Apparatus for recording sound</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Reinhold Hakewessel & F.C. Henn</b></td> <td>Automatic Screw and Metal Working Machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Hopkins, Nevil Monroe </b></td> <td width="50%">Pneumatic System for Preventing the Bursting of Water Pipes by Freezing</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Hough, James</b> <br> <b>Laughlin, Samuel J. </b></td> <td width="50%">Drawing tables</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Lowry, George A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Improved press for cotton, wool, jute - Baling Machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Swenson, Magnus (American Cotton Company)</b></td> <td width="50%">Round-lap baling cotton compress</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Wait, William B.</b></td> <td width="50%">The Kleidograph, Machine for tangible writing for touch reading</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font color="#000000"><font size="+1">1899 <br> </font></font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Batcheller, B.C. </b></td> <td width="50%">Pneumatic Dispatch Tube Apparatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Fellows, E.R.</b></td> <td>Machine and cutter for generating gear teeth</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Fisher, Robert T.</b></td> <td>Book and Letter Typewriter</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Groupe, A.V.</b></td> <td>Braiding machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Moskowitz, Morris</b></td> <td>Improved system of car lighting</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Sexton, Albert </b></td> <td width="50%">Slide Rule (Omnimeter)</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Steinhart, Alfred</b> <br> <b>Uehling, Edward, A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Gas Composimeter</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font color="#000000"><font size="+1">1898</font></font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Blondel, Andre</b> <br> <b>Paarowdaki, Spiridion</b></td> <td width="50%">Holophane globes </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Cooper, Daniel M.</b></td> <td width="50%">Time recorder</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Dunn, Lt. B.W.</b></td> <td width="50%">Testing machine for measuring intensities of impulsive forces</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Hyatt, John W.</b></td> <td width="50%">Elastic spiral anti-friction roller bearings</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Jackson, Walter W.</b> <br> <b>Connet, Frederick N.</b></td> <td width="50%">Venturi Meter</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Mueller, Herman C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Process of and apparatus for manufacturing mosaics</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Reddaway, Frank</b></td> <td>Camel hair belting</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Sayen, Henry Lyman</b></td> <td width="50%">Improvement in Roentgen-Ray apparatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Severy, Melvin L.</b></td> <td width="50%">Impression process</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Steinhart, Alfred</b> <br> <b>Uehling, Edward A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Pneumatic pyrometer</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Willmunder, Herman</b></td> <td width="50%">Swivel loom</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1897</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Almond, Thomas R.</b></td> <td width="50%">Flexible metallic tube</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Berliner, Emile</b></td> <td width="50%">Gramophone</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Brown, Edward</b></td> <td width="50%">Improvements in pyrometers</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Burroughs, W.S. (American Arithmometer Company)</b></td> <td width="50%">Calculating machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Durkee, G.B. and </b> <br> <b>Golding, John F.</b></td> <td>Expanded Metal</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>LeClere, Francis</b></td> <td width="50%">Black Printing Process</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Levy, Louis E.</b> <br> <b>Levy, Max</b></td> <td width="50%">Screens for photo-mechanical engraving</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Morris, Henry G.</b> <br> <b>Salom, Pedro G.</b></td> <td width="50%">Automobile vehicle (Electrobat)</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Outerbridge, Alexander E. Jr.</b></td> <td width="50%">Investigations in the molecular physics of cast iron</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Williams, John N.</b></td> <td width="50%">Typewriting machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Webster, William R.</b></td> <td width="50%">Observations on relations between chemical constitution and  <br> ultimate strength of steel</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1896</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Balzer, Stephen M.</b></td> <td width="50%">Device for backing off and forming milling cutters</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Carroll, William T.</b></td> <td width="50%">Non metallic bearings</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Crehore, Albert Cushing</b> <br> <b>Squier, George, O.</b></td> <td width="50%">Polarizing Photo-Chronograph </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Grant, George B.</b></td> <td width="50%">Improved calculating machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Hopkins, Edward P.</b></td> <td width="50%">Electric Arc Lamp</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Johnston, A. Langstaff</b></td> <td width="50%">Bonding joint for electrical railways</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Marsden, Mark W.</b></td> <td width="50%">Corn pith cellulose</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>McCracken, Edwin D.</b></td> <td width="50%">Insulated electrical conductors</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Milliau, Edward</b></td> <td width="50%">Apparatus for  analyzing fats and oils</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Printiss, Harry S.</b></td> <td width="50%">Automatic calendar</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Richards, Joseph</b></td> <td width="50%">Solder for aluminum</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1895</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Bates, Albert J. </b></td> <td width="50%">Valve trips for Corliss Engine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Beadle,  Clayton; Bevan, Edward  J and Cross, Charles F..</b></td> <td width="50%">Cellulose Products</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Goldstein, Albert</b></td> <td width="50%">Pneumatic fire alarm telegraph system</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Jandus, William</b></td> <td width="50%">Incandescent arc lamp</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Stackhouse, Thomas H.</b></td> <td width="50%">Diagraph</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Willins, Peter William</b></td> <td>Steam engine</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1894</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Acheson, Edward G.</b></td> <td width="50%">Carborundum</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Bramwell, William C.</b></td> <td>Feeding machine for fibrous material</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Branson, David</b> <br> <b>Thornburgh, Robert D.</b> <br> <b>Fuller, J.E.</b> <br> <b>Starr, John E.</b></td> <td width="50%">System of artificial refrigeration through street pipe lines from central stations</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Bramwell, William C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Feeding machine for fibrous material</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Cleborne, Dr. Christopher James</b></td> <td width="50%">U.S. Naval bedstead</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Dunham, Joseph N.</b> <br> <b>McKemmil, John</b></td> <td width="50%">Metallic drawing rolls</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Edson, Jarvis B.</b></td> <td width="50%">Pressure recording gauge</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Marchlet, George F., Jr.</b> <br> <b>Reichhelm, E.P.</b></td> <td width="50%">System of producing fuel gas </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Morsell, W.F.C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Application of complementary color designs and crystal patterns</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Payen, Clement</b></td> <td width="50%">Chloride electrical storage battery</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Perry, Nelson W.</b></td> <td width="50%">System of series of electric traction for railways</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Pontrichet, F.</b></td> <td width="50%">Heliographic paper. Black print process.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Priestman, Samuel</b> <br> <b>Priestman, William Dent</b></td> <td width="50%">The Priestman Oil Engine </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Riefler, Sigmund</b></td> <td width="50%">Mercurial Compensation Pendulum for clocks of precision</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Shuman, Frank S.</b></td> <td width="50%">Process and apparatus for embedding wire netting in glass</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Spiro, Charles </b></td> <td width="50%">Improvement in typewriters - Barlock Typewriter</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Tweddell, Ralph Hart</b></td> <td width="50%">Application of hydraulic power to mechanical work</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Weidig, Dr. H.P.</b></td> <td width="50%">Chemical fire extinguisher</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Wilkin, John T.</b></td> <td width="50%">Method and apparatus for generating cycloidal surfaces</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Wurts, Alexander J.</b></td> <td width="50%">Lightning arresters for lighting and power circuits and non-arching metal</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1893</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Baldwin, F. Ruel</b></td> <td width="50%">Boiler tube cleaner</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Berkefeld, W.</b></td> <td>Germ proof water filter</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Bridgman, Henry L.</b></td> <td width="50%">Automatic ore sampling machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Field, D.W. and </b> <br> <b>Spencer, John E.</b></td> <td width="50%">Spencer Damper Regulator</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>LaRue, Silas H.</b></td> <td width="50%">Improved stove for soft or bituminous coal</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1892</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Almond, Thomas R.</b></td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%">Angular coupling</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%"><b>Bennor, Joseph</b></td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%">Knitting machines</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%"><b>Burton, George D.</b></td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%">System of electrical  forging</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%"><b>Clark, George, S.</b></td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%">Improvements in safety vaults</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%"><b>Emerson, James</b></td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%">Power Scale</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%"><b>Fuller, Frederick L.</b> <br> <b>Griswald, George  H.</b></td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%">Cash registers, indicators</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%"><b>Gibbons, C.L.</b></td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%">Improvement in street railway construction</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%"><b>Jones, John R.</b></td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%">Method of rolling tapered axles</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%"><b>Lundgren, Charles M.</b></td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%">Incandescent gas light</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%"><b>McClellan, Ezra S.</b></td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%">Anti-siphon trap-vent</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"><b>Meylan, Eugene and</b> <br> <b>Reckniewski, Camille S.</b></td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;">Electric Meter</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%"><b>Shay, Ephraim</b></td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;" width="50%">Patent geared locomotive</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1891</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Anderson, William</b></td> <td width="50%">Process of Water Purification</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Dodge, Wallace H.</b></td> <td width="50%">System of Rope Transmission</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Garrod, R. P.</b></td> <td width="50%">Pneumatic Annunciator</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Goetz, G.M.</b></td> <td>Goetz-Mitchell system of anchoring beams</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Hadfield, Sir Robert A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Discovery of Manganese Steel</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Hannay, J. B.</b> <br> <b>Shedlock, Alfred</b></td> <td width="50%">Improved System of Illumination Known as Lucigen</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Hart, Edward</b></td> <td width="50%">Improved hydrofluoric acid container</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Hart, W.</b></td> <td>Hoisting machines</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Johnson, E. H.</b></td> <td width="50%">System of Interior Conduits for home electrical wiring</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>LeClere, Francis</b></td> <td width="50%">Differential Gear Wheel / Toothed Gear Wheel</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Mason, A. J. </b></td> <td width="50%">Washer-Punching Machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Pentz, A.D.</b></td> <td width="50%">Boring and milling engine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Roeder, Fred A.</b> <br> <b>Springer, Fred</b></td> <td width="50%">Improvements in torsion balance</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Speidel, John G.</b></td> <td width="50%">Hoisting machines</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Stahlberg, C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Time dating stamp</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Vauclain, Samuel M.</b></td> <td width="50%">Improvements in making truck-wheel centers</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Williams, C.D.</b></td> <td width="50%">Revolving show window</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1890</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Bristol, W.H.</b></td> <td width="50%">Recording pressure gauge</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Burton, W. Leigh, M.D.</b></td> <td width="50%">Electric heater</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Chenoweth, Alexander C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Method of laying continuous electrical conduits</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Ehbets, C.J.</b></td> <td width="50%">Colts new Navy Revolver</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Felt, Dorr E.</b></td> <td width="50%">Comptometer</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Lopex de Haro, A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Electric sea compass; automatic electric log line</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Hellings, J.</b></td> <td>Mail bag fastening</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Hobson, A.E.</b></td> <td width="50%">Hydraulic shaping press</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Ives, F.E.</b></td> <td width="50%">Projecting lantern and appurtenances</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Lowe, J.</b></td> <td width="50%">Spinning mule</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>MacCoy, J.S.</b></td> <td width="50%">Pneumatic tool</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>McIntire, C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Electric wire connectors</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Merket, Luzerne and Thomas, Almer</b></td> <td width="50%">Tempered copper</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Meyers, J.G.</b></td> <td width="50%">Improved mausoleum</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Richards, T.A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Ruling machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Ridgway, W.H.</b></td> <td>Balanced crane</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Root, J.B.</b></td> <td>"Spiral Weld" tubing</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Van Kannel, T.</b></td> <td>Storm door</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Wootten, J.E.</b></td> <td>Locomotive and boiler</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1889</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="3" cols="2" width="100%"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Abt, R.</b></td> <td width="50%">System of mountain railways</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Atkinson, J.</b></td> <td width="50%">Gas engine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Castner, H.Y.</b></td> <td>Manufacture of sodium and potassium</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Edison, T.A.</b></td> <td>Mimeograph</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Koyl, C.H.</b></td> <td>Parabolic Semaphore</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Maddox, R.L.</b></td> <td>Substitution of gelatin for collodion in photography</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Marks, A.A.</b></td> <td>Artificial limbs</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Mergenthaler, O.</b></td> <td>Linotype</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Shaw, T.</b></td> <td>Instrument for testing ignitible gases in mines</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Teal, C.A.</b></td> <td>Portable hoist</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Thomson, Elihu</b></td> <td>Electric welding</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>White, O.C.</b></td> <td>Adjustable extension movement in ball and socket joints;  <br> with protest against award</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1888 <br> </font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="3" cols="2" width="100%"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Cyclostyle Company</b></td> <td width="50%">Cyclostyle</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Gates, John</b></td> <td width="50%">Lubricator</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Hexamer, C.J.</b></td> <td>Preventing and extinguishing explosive fires in grinding mills</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Hyatt, I.S.</b></td> <td>Pure water system</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Outerbridge, A.E. Jr.</b></td> <td>Carbonizing fabrics and obtaining castings therefrom</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Woodruff, W.N.</b></td> <td>System of keying for machinery</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Ziegler, G.W.</b></td> <td>Trestles and scaffolding system</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1887</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="3" cols="2" width="100%"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Bilgram, H.</b></td> <td width="50%">Bevel gear cutter</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Cowles, Eugene H. </b>and<b> Alfred H.</b></td> <td width="50%">Electric smelting furnace</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Hallock, D.</b></td> <td>Weighing scales</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Ives, F.E.</b></td> <td>Isochromatic photography</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>March, L.J.</b></td> <td>Improvements in the magic lantern</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Spellier, L.H.</b></td> <td>Electric clock</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1886</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="3" cols="2" width="100%"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Callahan, Edward A.; Delany, Patrick B.; LaCour, Paul</b></td> <td width="50%">Improvements in synchronous multiplex telegraphy</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Chabot, C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Forming bevelled rims on watch casesWheel hubs</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Grau, P.J.</b></td> <td>Feed water purifier and heater</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Green, F.V.</b></td> <td>Extracting oil and albuminoid matter from corn</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Hall, M.W.</b></td> <td>Duplex steam pump</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Moser, L.</b></td> <td>Bohemian glassware</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Phelps, L.J.</b></td> <td>Induction telegraph</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Phoenix Iron Company</b></td> <td>Automatic cut-off steam engine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Pratt & Whitney Company</b></td> <td>System of interchangeable cut gears</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Yaryan, H.T.</b></td> <td>System of evaporation in vacuo</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1885</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="3" cols="2" width="100%"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Chabot, C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Shoe sewing machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Chabot, C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Sole channelling machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Chabot, C.</b></td> <td>Sole edge turning machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Doerr, John Henry and Wigmore, William H.</b></td> <td>Sleeping car</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Orum, Morris L.</b></td> <td>Lock</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Siemens, Frederick</b></td> <td>Regenerative gas burner</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Spratt, Orlands W.</b></td> <td>Mercury seal trap</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Townsend, I.</b></td> <td>Tent slip</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Wills, S.</b></td> <td>Journal bearing and car axle-box</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1884</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="3" cols="2" width="100%"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Bennor, Joseph</b></td> <td width="50%">Siphon trap</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Burrell, John M. and Metzler, C.E.</b></td> <td width="50%">Railway signal lantern</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Eldridge, G.M.</b></td> <td>Electro magnetic protector for electrical instruments</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Jay, P.E.</b></td> <td>Automatic anti-freezing valve</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Woodbury, C.J.H.</b></td> <td>Testing electric light mains</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font color="#000000"><font size="+1">1883 <br> </font></font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="3" cols="2" width="100%"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Ashford, H.</b></td> <td width="50%">Boat attaching and detaching apparatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Beecher, J.</b></td> <td width="50%">Hollow handled cutlery</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Blodgett Bros.</b></td> <td>Electric signal clock</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Brehmer, Hugo and Heyl, Henry Rand</b></td> <td>Wire book sewing machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Eckstein, H.G.</b></td> <td>Feed water heater</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Hall, T.</b></td> <td>Typewriter</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Nacke, A.</b></td> <td>Screw cutting attachment</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Pratt & Whitney Co.</b></td> <td>Taps and gauges</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Shaw, Thomas</b></td> <td>Friction buffer</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Whitall, H.</b></td> <td>Planisphere</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1882 <br> </font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="3" cols="2" width="100%"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Bilgram, H.</b></td> <td width="50%">Gearing for metal planers</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Kemble, B.H.</b></td> <td width="50%">Wheel hubs</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1879-1881</font></u></b> </p> <p><b><u><font size="+1">No Awards Made</font></u></b> </p> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1878 <br> </font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="3" cols="2" width="100%"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>R. Datton & Co.</b></td> <td width="50%">Mowing machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Goodwin, William Farr</b></td> <td width="50%">New Mechanical Movement</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Miller, D.K.</b></td> <td>Self-locking padlock</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Seymour, C.</b></td> <td>Balance for pulleys, fly wheels, etc.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1877</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="3" cols="2" width="100%"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Behrns, G.L.H. and Bremar, A</b></td> <td width="50%">Aspirator for mill stones</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Grant, G.B</b>.</td> <td>Calculating machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Shaw, Thomas</b></td> <td>Spiral exhaust nozzle</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1876</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="3" cols="2" width="100%"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Chambers, C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Brick Machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Orum, Morris L.</b></td> <td width="50%">Mandrel for bending metal pipes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1875</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Baker, J.G.</b></td> <td width="50%">Pressure blower</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Brittin, J.W. and Brittin, Tatham B.</b></td> <td width="50%">Safety catch for elevators</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Carleton, C</b> <br> <b>Wilcox, Charles H.</b></td> <td>Automatic tension and improvements in sewing machines</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Davis, J.A.</b></td> <td>Vertical feed for sewing machines</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Gliddens C.,  Latham  Sholes C., </b> <b><br> Soule  Samuel W.</b></td> <td>Typewriter</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Goodes, E.A.</b></td> <td>Sewing machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Goodyear, R.B.</b></td> <td>Harness Motion for Power Looms</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Goodyear, R.B.</b></td> <td>Shuttle box operating mechanism</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Heyl, H.R.</b></td> <td>Wire fastened paper boxes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Hutchins & Mabbitt</b></td> <td>Tilting chair</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>J.Mortan Poole & Co.</b></td> <td>Invention for grinding metallic calendar rolls</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Prunty, J.E.</b></td> <td>Relief valve</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Roots, P.H. and F.M.</b></td> <td>Rotary pressure blower</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Rorer, T.J.</b></td> <td>Improved belting</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Tyson, C.</b></td> <td>Machine to unite uppers to the soles of boots and shoes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>G. Wale & Co.</b></td> <td>The college lantern</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1874</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Baldwin, F.S.</b></td> <td width="50%">Calculating Machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Chambers, C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Book folding and pasting machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Westinghouse, G. Jr. </b></td> <td>Railway car brake</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1873</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Irwin, J.H.</b></td> <td width="50%">Lantern</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Wharton, William Jr.</b></td> <td width="50%">Safety Railway Switch</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1872</font></u></b> </p> <p><b><u><font size="+1">No Awards Made</font></u></b> </p> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1871</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="height: 1%; width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Shaw, Thomas</b></td> <td width="50%">Gunpowder pile driver</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1869-1870</font></u></b> </p> <p><b><u><font size="+1">No Awards Made</font></u></b> <br>   </p> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1868</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Richardson, J.H.</b></td> <td width="50%">Improved signal lantern</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1861- 1867</font></u></b> </p> <p><b><u><font size="+1"> No Awards Made</font></u></b> <br>   </p> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1860</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Ritchie, E.S.</b></td> <td width="50%">Improved Rhumkorff Coil</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1859</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Fawkes, J.W.</b></td> <td width="50%">Steam Plow</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1858</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Francis J.B..</b></td> <td width="50%">Tooth Extractor</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1857</font></u></b> </p> <p><b><u><font size="+1">No Awards Made</font></u></b> <br>   </p> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1856</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Chauvenet, W.</b></td> <td width="50%">Great Circle Protractor</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Dale, J.D.</b></td> <td width="50%">Wood moulding machine</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font color="#000000"><font size="+1">1855</font></font></u></b> </p> <p><b><u><font size="+1">No Awards Made</font></u></b> <br>   </p> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1854</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Atkins, J.</b></td> <td width="50%">Self-Raking Automaton Reaper and Mower</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Bates, R.</b></td> <td width="50%">Instrument for the cure of stammering</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>McMahan, J</b>.</td> <td width="50%">Stereotype</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Thum, C.D.</b></td> <td>Varnish Brushes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1853</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%;"><b>Dilks, J..</b></td> <td width="50%">Water guages</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Faber, G.</td> <td>Magnetic Water Guage</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Receveur, P.N.</td> <td>Rose Engine (Lathe)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Senneff, J.</td> <td>Metallic Heddles</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1852</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Goddard, K.</b></td> <td width="50%">Carriage Axle</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Parsons, L.H.</b></td> <td width="50%">Scale measure </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1851</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%;"><b>Grimes, W.C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Water guage for steam boilers</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1850</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%;"><b>Carnell, C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Brick Machine</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1849 <br> </font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%;"><b>Villeroi, M.</b></td> <td width="50%">Telescope</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1848</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Colton, Sabin W.</b></td> <td width="50%">Locks</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Heckrotte, A.G.</b></td> <td width="50%">Car coupling</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Palmer B.F.</b></td> <td width="50%">Artificial Leg</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Stellwagon H.S.</b></td> <td>Sounding Apparatus</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1847</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Parker, Zebulon</b></td> <td width="50%">Water Wheel</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1844-1846</font></u></b> </p> <p><b><font size="+1">No Awards Made</font></b> <br>   </p> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1843</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Jones Alfred C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Shaft Couplings</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1842</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Anderson, L</b></td> <td width="50%">File cutting</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Babbitt, I.</b></td> <td width="50%">Soft metal boxes</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Calderhead A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Looms</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Grimes W.E.</b></td> <td>Smut machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Hill T. </b></td> <td>Occulator</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1841</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Forten R.B.</b></td> <td width="50%">Telescope</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Richardson</b></td> <td width="50%">Door Spring</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Saxton J.</b></td> <td width="50%">Reflecting pyrometer</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1840  </font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Babbitt I.</b></td> <td width="50%">Axle boxes for railway cars</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Jenks, W.</b></td> <td>Fire Arms</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Kite J.S.</b></td> <td>Safety beam</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Merrick & Towne</b></td> <td>Boring Machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Naglee H.M.</b></td> <td>Flat bar or edge rail for railroad curves</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Olds C. </b></td> <td>Planting machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Peale F.</b></td> <td>Coining presses at the U.S. Mint, Philadelphia</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Rhoads J.</b></td> <td>Map for the blind</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Strickland W.</b></td> <td>Substitution of lime for salt for preserving ships</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Winslow SE</b></td> <td>Pivot scale beam</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1839</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Denison, L.C.</b></td> <td width="50%">Corn sheller</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Ridgeway, T.S. Jr.</b></td> <td>Transit theodolite</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Wood T.</b></td> <td>Fountain Pen</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1838</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Bean E.W.</b></td> <td width="50%">Ascertaining latitude</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1837</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Elmer & Little</b></td> <td width="50%">Chronometer</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Mahan F</b></td> <td>Measure case ruler, stereotyping</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1836</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Prutzman, Augustus</b></td> <td width="50%">Door Lock</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1835</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Bassett N.</b></td> <td width="50%">East and west compasses</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Burt, W.A.</b></td> <td width="50%">Instrument to determine the variation of the compass</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Ewbank, Thomas</b></td> <td width="50%">Lead pipes</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Holcomb, Amos</b></td> <td width="50%">Reflecting telescope</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>McMullen, John</b></td> <td width="50%">Knitting machine for knitting stockings.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Tyler, Philos</b></td> <td width="50%">Shifting gauge cock</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><sup><u><font size="+1">1834</font></u></sup> </p> <p><sup><font size="+1">No Awards Made</font></sup> </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><sup><u><font size="+1">1833</font></u></sup></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Brooks, Adam  </b>of Scituate, MA</td> <td width="50%">Macine by which silk can be wound off from cocoons and then formed into sewing silk by one operation.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Stephens, John</b> of Philadelphia, PA</td> <td>Improved door lock by which one bolt answers the end of a latch bolt.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1832</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Barribino, Dr. C.N., </b>Philadelphia, PA</td> <td width="50%">Improved stomach pump.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Breed, Samuel D., </b>Philadelphia, PA</td> <td width="50%">Mode of cementing gum elastic or caoutchouc to leather.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;"> <p><b><sup><u><font size="+1">1831</font></u></sup></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Smith, T.H. </b>of Baltimore, MD.</td> <td width="50%">Drill to sow cotton seed, corn and other grains.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Jennings, Joseph </b>of New York</td> <td width="50%">House warmer and cooking apparatus combined.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Fairlamb JP and Dunot M</b>., Wilmington, DE</td> <td>Water cracker and biscuit machine</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <p><sup><u><font size="+1">1830</font></u></sup></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Aiken, Henry of Drawcut, MA</b></td> <td width="50%">Knife to split leather straps for the use of workers in leather.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Whiting, Ebenezer of Bershire, Tioga County, NY</b></td> <td width="50%">Saw set.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1829</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"><b>Kelsey, Franklin of Middletown, CT</b></td> <td width="50%">Washing machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b>Larcum, Amos of Albany, NY</b></td> <td width="50%">Washing Machine</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>Russel, James of NY</b></td> <td>Bell-Index - which prevents the necessity of hanging a bell for each apartment in the bar-room of a hotel, or in the kitchen or servants' hall of a private dwelling.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1828</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">Smith, Francis H. of Baltimore, MD</td> <td width="50%">Improvement in musical glasses by which a piece of music can be played on any key, according to their arrangement.  These glasses are adapted to church music and are actually in use in a church at Harrisburgh.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%">Corr, Owen of Chambersburgh, PA</td> <td width="50%">Apparatus to butt and joint shingles.  It gives a straight edge with one cut.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><br> </td> <td><br> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p><b><u><font size="+1">1827</font></u></b></p> </center> <center> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">Eastman, Robert of Brunswick, ME</td> <td width="50%">Improved rotary saw machine for sawing clap boards.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%">Woodhouse, Joseph of Otego county, NY</td> <td width="50%">Paper-cutting machine.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Corl, Abraham of Pugh Town, Chester County, PA</td> <td>Drill for clock and watchmaker's work</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Taylor, Joel of Danbury CT</td> <td>Apparatus for dying hats</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Powles, Daniel of Baltimore, MD</td> <td>Beadstead which can be put up and taken down by any person, owing to the peculiar construction of the joints and is proof against insects.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Powles, Daniel</td> <td><br> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-weight: bold;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1826</font></u> </p> <p><u><font size="+1">No Awards Made</font></u> </p> <p><u><font size="+1">1825</font></u></p> </center> <center style="font-weight: bold;"><br> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption>  <center></center> </caption> <tbody> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">Freymuth, Benjamin</td> <td width="50%">Ingenious Chamber Alarm Bell which can be attached to a watch</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%">Jenckes, John C. of Providence, RI</td> <td width="50%">Apparatus to enable persons with fractured limbs to be moved in their positions in bed, without injury.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <p><u><font size="+1">1824 and 1823</font></u> </p> <p><u><font size="+1">No Awards Made</font></u> </p> <p><u><font size="+1">1822</font></u></p> </center> <center style="font-weight: bold;"> <table style="width: 90%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" cols="2"> <caption><br> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">Goodwin, Samuel</td> <td width="50%">Front Door Lock</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%">Ewing, Dr. James</td> <td width="50%">Screw-cock Hydrant</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sellers, Coleman</td> <td>Simple and effectual cupping instrument</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Barnitt, Thomas</td> <td>Press to force out the unnecessary quantity of tar absorbed by yarn in the manufacture of cordage</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Conard, Isaac of Lampeter township, Lancaster County, PA</td> <td>Simple and effectual barrow to plant Indian corn</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Harper, George</td> <td>Two drills - one for potatoes and one for seeds</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Shotwell, William</td> <td>Garden weeder</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Welford, Robert and Deas, James H.</td> <td>Improved plane and frictionless rollers, for planing floors.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Niell, Daniel</td> <td>Vertical printing press</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Gardette, James</td> <td>Three mechanical improvements in his profession of dentistry which are highly commended in Europe and the United States - a simple lever instrument for easy and expeditious extraction of teeth, and stumps of teeth.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nicholls, Jonathan of Providence RI</td> <td>Portable carriage spring seat </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Meer, John </td> <td>Razor strop</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jones, Mrs. Frances</td> <td>Improvement in the apparatus for making patent Lint</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <p></p> </center> </body> </html>

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