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Rhizosphaera needlecast - agriculture.canada.ca
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id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <article data-history-node-id="2076" class="page full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="row bs-1col-stacked"> <div class="col-sm-12 bs-region bs-region--main"> <section data-block-plugin-id="field_block:node:page:body" class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodepagebody clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"> <p><i>Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii</i></p> <h2>Hosts</h2> <p>Spruce</p> <h2>Distribution and Disease Cycle</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="pull-right col-md-4"><figure><img src="/sites/default/files/legacy/resources/prod/img/pfra-arap/img/rn-rr_1.gif" alt="Description of this image follows" /><br /><figcaption><i>Colorado spruce infected with Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii.<br />Photo credit: Joe Zeleznik and Kasia Kinzer, North Dakota State University</i></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="mrgn-lft-md mrgn-rght-md"> <p>Rhizosphaera needlecast is a fungal disease affecting mainly Colorado spruce, and occasionally other spruce. The disease begins in the lower portion of the tree with infected needles being shed, causing branches to look sparse. Spore dispersal from infected needles occurs during wet weather in spring, spreading by rain from needles infected the previous season to newly emerging needles. Under suitable conditions, the disease gradually progresses up the tree continuing to cause loss of needles, leading to eventual decline of trees.</p> </div> </div> <h2>Symptoms and Signs</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="pull-right col-md-4"><figure><img src="/sites/default/files/legacy/resources/prod/img/pfra-arap/img/rn-rr_2.jpg" alt="Description of this image follows" /><br /><figcaption><i>Close up of infected needles (top) and healthy needle (bottom).<br />Photo credit: Michael Kangas, NDSU - North Dakota Forest Service, Bugwood.org</i></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="mrgn-lft-md mrgn-rght-md"> <p>Symptoms of Rhizosphaera needlecast appear in the spring following infection, with infected inner (2<sup>nd</sup> year) needles turning yellow, then purplish-brown by end of summer, with black fruiting bodies appearing in lines as they emerge from needles' stomatal pores. Most infected needles will be shed by fall, although some may remain attached, acting as an infection source the following spring. Repeated infections will cause trees to begin having a sparse looking interior and after 3-4 years of severe infection, branches may begin to die.</p> <h2>Control</h2> <p>Management of Rhizosphaera needlecast can be difficult. To reduce the spread of Rhizosphaera needlecast, avoid pruning or shearing trees during wet weather and sterilize pruning tools frequently by dipping in 70% alcohol for 3 minutes. Remove any severely infected branches and rake fallen needles from the base of trees where practical. Promote good air circulation and encourage rapid drying of foliage by mowing weeds or other vegetation near trees. Chemical controls registered for Rhizosphaera needlecast control include fungicides containing chlorothalonil. Apply as per label instructions beginning in spring when new shoot growth is 1 to 5 centimetres in length, and again several times at 3-4 week intervals until conditions no longer favour disease development.</p> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div id="pgft" class="pagedetails region region-content-footer"> <div class="row"> <section id="block-aafctheme-datemodifiedblock" class="col-sm-12 col-xs-12 pull-left block block-wxt-library block-date-modified-block clearfix" data-block-plugin-id="date_modified_block"> <dl id="wb-dtmd"> <dt>Date modified:</dt> <dd><time property="dateModified">2020-01-24</time></dd></dl> </section> </div> </div> </section> </main> </div> </div> <footer id="wb-info"> <div class="landscape"> <div class="region region-footer"> <div class="gc-contextual"> <nav id="block-gccontextualfooter" data-block-plugin-id="menu_block:footer-contextual" class="container wb-navcurr" aria-labelledby="AAFC-label"> <h3 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