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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eurovision_logo_and_theme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Eurovision logo and theme </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eurovision_logo_and_theme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Preparations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Rules </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rules-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Rules subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Song_eligibility_and_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Song_eligibility_and_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Song eligibility and languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Song_eligibility_and_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artist_eligibility_and_performances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artist_eligibility_and_performances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Artist eligibility and performances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artist_eligibility_and_performances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Running_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Running_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Running order </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Running_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Voting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presentation_of_the_votes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presentation_of_the_votes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1 Presentation of the votes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presentation_of_the_votes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Broadcasting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion_of_the_contest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion_of_the_contest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Expansion of the contest </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Expansion_of_the_contest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Expansion of the contest subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Expansion_of_the_contest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-selections_and_relegation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-selections_and_relegation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Pre-selections and relegation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-selections_and_relegation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_"Big_Five"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_"Big_Five""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 The "Big Five" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_"Big_Five"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Introduction_of_semi-finals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introduction_of_semi-finals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Introduction of semi-finals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introduction_of_semi-finals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entries_and_participants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entries_and_participants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Entries and participants </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Entries_and_participants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Entries and participants subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Entries_and_participants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Winners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Winners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Winners </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Winners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interval_acts_and_guest_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interval_acts_and_guest_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Interval acts and guest appearances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interval_acts_and_guest_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_and_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_and_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Criticism and controversy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism_and_controversy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticism and controversy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism_and_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Musical_style_and_presentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_style_and_presentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Musical style and presentation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_style_and_presentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Political controversies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_and_geographical_voting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_and_geographical_voting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Political and geographical voting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_and_geographical_voting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_visibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_visibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 LGBT visibility </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_visibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Cultural influence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_events_and_related_competitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_events_and_related_competitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Special events and related competitions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_events_and_related_competitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Eurovision Song Contest</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 114 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-114" aria-hidden="true" > 114 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision-sangfees" title="Eurovision-sangfees – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Eurovision-sangfees" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroviisuh" title="Euroviisuh – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Euroviisuh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مسابقة الأغنية الأوروبية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مسابقة الأغنية الأوروبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_d%27a_Canci%C3%B3n_d%27Eurovisi%C3%B3n" title="Festival d'a Canción d'Eurovisión – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Festival d'a Canción d'Eurovisión" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%AC_%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB_%D5%84%D6%80%D6%81%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="Եւրատեսիլ Երգի Մրցոյթ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Եւրատեսիլ Երգի Մրցոյթ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_del_Cantar_d%27Eurovisi%C3%B3n" title="Festival del Cantar d'Eurovisión – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Festival del Cantar d'Eurovisión" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avroviziya_Mahn%C4%B1_M%C3%BCsabiq%C9%99si" title="Avroviziya Mahnı Müsabiqəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avroviziya Mahnı Müsabiqəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="ইউরোভিশন সঙ্গীত প্রতিযোগিতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউরোভিশন সঙ্গীত প্রতিযোগিতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Конкурс песні Еўрабачанне – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Конкурс песні Еўрабачанне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Конкурс песьні Эўрабачаньне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Конкурс песьні Эўрабачаньне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81_%E2%80%9E%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F%E2%80%9C" title="Песенен конкурс „Евровизия“ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Песенен конкурс „Евровизия“" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurosong" title="Eurosong – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Eurosong" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenstrivadeg_Eurovision_ar_C%27han" title="Kenstrivadeg Eurovision ar C'han – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kenstrivadeg Eurovision ar C'han" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_de_la_Can%C3%A7%C3%B3_d%27Eurovisi%C3%B3" title="Festival de la Cançó d'Eurovisió – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Festival de la Cançó d'Eurovisió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Еврокурни – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Еврокурни" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystadleuaeth_C%C3%A2n_Eurovision" title="Cystadleuaeth Cân Eurovision – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cystadleuaeth Cân Eurovision" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%86_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مسابقة يوروڤيجن د لأغنية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مسابقة يوروڤيجن د لأغنية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_l%C3%A1vllagilvvohallan" title="Eurovision lávllagilvvohallan – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Eurovision lávllagilvvohallan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovisiooni_lauluv%C3%B5istlus" title="Eurovisiooni lauluvõistlus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eurovisiooni lauluvõistlus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D_Eurovision" title="Διαγωνισμός Τραγουδιού Eurovision – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαγωνισμός Τραγουδιού Eurovision" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_de_la_Canci%C3%B3n_de_Eurovisi%C3%B3n" title="Festival de la Canción de Eurovisión – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Festival de la Canción de Eurovisión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%ADrovizia_kantfestivalo" title="Eŭrovizia kantfestivalo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eŭrovizia kantfestivalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_la_Canci%C3%B3n_d%E2%80%99Urovisi%C3%B3n" title="Festival la Canción d’Urovisión – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Festival la Canción d’Urovisión" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Abesti_Lehiaketa" title="Eurovision Abesti Lehiaketa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eurovision Abesti Lehiaketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%86" title="مسابقه آواز یوروویژن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسابقه آواز یوروویژن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concours_Eurovision_de_la_chanson" title="Concours Eurovision de la chanson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Concours Eurovision de la chanson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurofyzjesjongfestival" title="Eurofyzjesjongfestival – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Eurofyzjesjongfestival" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Com%C3%B3rtas_Amhr%C3%A1na%C3%ADochta_na_hEoraif%C3%ADse" title="Comórtas Amhránaíochta na hEoraifíse – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comórtas Amhránaíochta na hEoraifíse" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_de_Eurovisi%C3%B3n" title="Festival de Eurovisión – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Festival de Eurovisión" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%A1%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%A0%84_%EC%86%A1_%EC%BD%98%ED%85%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8" title="유로비전 송 콘테스트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유로비전 송 콘테스트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Եվրատեսիլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եվրատեսիլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="यूरोविज़न संगीत प्रतियोगिता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूरोविज़न संगीत प्रतियोगिता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pjesma_Eurovizije" title="Pjesma Eurovizije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pjesma Eurovizije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroviziono-Konkurso_di_Kansono" title="Euroviziono-Konkurso di Kansono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Euroviziono-Konkurso di Kansono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontes_Lagu_Eurovision" title="Kontes Lagu Eurovision – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kontes Lagu Eurovision" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurso_Eurovision_del_Canto" title="Concurso Eurovision del Canto – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Concurso Eurovision del Canto" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6ngvakeppni_evr%C3%B3pskra_sj%C3%B3nvarpsst%C3%B6%C3%B0va" title="Söngvakeppni evrópskra sjónvarpsstöðva – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Söngvakeppni evrópskra sjónvarpsstöðva" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="תחרות הזמר של האירוויזיון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תחרות הזמר של האירוויזיון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontes_Tembang_Eurovision" title="Kontes Tembang Eurovision – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kontes Tembang Eurovision" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A6%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ევროვიზიის სიმღერის კონკურსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ევროვიზიის სიმღერის კონკურსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Eurovision ән байқауы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Eurovision ән байқауы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D3%A7%D0%BC_%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81" title="Евроаддзӧм сьыланкыв конкурс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Евроаддзӧм сьыланкыв конкурс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D0%BD%D2%AF%D2%AF_%D1%8B%D1%80_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Еврокөрүнүү ыр сынагы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Еврокөрүнүү ыр сынагы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conc%C3%B5rs_dla_Ciantia_dl%27Eurovision" title="Concõrs dla Ciantia dl'Eurovision – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Concõrs dla Ciantia dl'Eurovision" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_del_Kante_de_Evrovizy%C3%B3n" title="Festival del Kante de Evrovizyón – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Festival del Kante de Evrovizyón" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certamen_cantionum_Eurovisionis" title="Certamen cantionum Eurovisionis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Certamen cantionum Eurovisionis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirov%C4%ABzijas_dziesmu_konkurss" title="Eirovīzijas dziesmu konkurss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eirovīzijas dziesmu konkurss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovizijos_dain%C5%B3_konkursas" title="Eurovizijos dainų konkursas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Eurovizijos dainų konkursas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovisie_Songfestival" title="Eurovisie Songfestival – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Eurovisie Songfestival" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jevroviidenii" title="Jevroviidenii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Jevroviidenii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurov%C3%ADzi%C3%B3s_Dalfesztiv%C3%A1l" title="Eurovíziós Dalfesztivál – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Eurovíziós Dalfesztivál" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Евровизија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Евровизија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_tal-Eurovision" title="Festival tal-Eurovision – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Festival tal-Eurovision" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%86" title="یورو ویژن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="یورو ویژن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertandingan_Lagu_Eurovision" title="Pertandingan Lagu Eurovision – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertandingan Lagu Eurovision" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festibal_Ourobison_de_la_Can%C3%A7on" title="Festibal Ourobison de la Cançon – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Festibal Ourobison de la Cançon" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2" title="ယူရိုဗစ်ရှင်း သီချင်းပြိုင်ပွဲ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယူရိုဗစ်ရှင်း သီချင်းပြိုင်ပွဲ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovisiesongfestival" title="Eurovisiesongfestival – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eurovisiesongfestival" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%93%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" title="ユーロビジョン・ソング・コンテスト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユーロビジョン・ソング・コンテスト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_de_la_Can%C3%A7on_d%27Eurovision" title="Festival de la Cançon d'Eurovision – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Festival de la Cançon d'Eurovision" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81" title="Евроужмаш муро конкурс – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Евроужмаш муро конкурс" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_qo%CA%BBshiq_tanlovi" title="Eurovision qoʻshiq tanlovi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Eurovision qoʻshiq tanlovi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkurs_Piosenki_Eurowizji" title="Konkurs Piosenki Eurowizji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Konkurs Piosenki Eurowizji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision" title="Eurovision – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Eurovision" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_Eurovis%C3%A3o_da_Can%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Festival Eurovisão da Canção – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Festival Eurovisão da Canção" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concursul_Muzical_Eurovision" title="Concursul Muzical Eurovision – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Concursul Muzical Eurovision" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwrupisyun_Taki_Atipanakuy" title="Iwrupisyun Taki Atipanakuy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iwrupisyun Taki Atipanakuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Евровидение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Евровидение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Евровидение – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Евровидение" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festivali_Evropian_i_K%C3%ABng%C3%ABs" title="Festivali Evropian i Këngës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Festivali Evropian i Këngës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuncursu_Eurovision" title="Cuncursu Eurovision – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cuncursu Eurovision" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesem_Evrovizije" title="Pesem Evrovizije – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pesem Evrovizije" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D1%B5%D1%80%D1%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%94%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%A5" title="Єѵрѡвидєниѥ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Єѵрѡвидєниѥ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojrowizyj%C5%8F" title="Ojrowizyjŏ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ojrowizyjŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%95%DA%A9%DB%8E%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A4%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%86" title="پێشبڕکێی گۆرانیی یورۆڤیژن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێشبڕکێی گۆرانیی یورۆڤیژن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Песма Евровизије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Песма Евровизије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pjesma_Eurovizije" title="Pjesma Eurovizije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pjesma Eurovizije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_laulukilpailu" title="Eurovision laulukilpailu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eurovision laulukilpailu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paligsahang_Pang-awitin_ng_Eurovision" title="Paligsahang Pang-awitin ng Eurovision – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Paligsahang Pang-awitin ng Eurovision" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_%D2%97%D1%8B%D1%80_%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Eurovision җыр бәйгесе – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Eurovision җыр бәйгесе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="การประกวดเพลงยูโรวิชัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การประกวดเพลงยูโรวิชัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD" title="Озмуни Евровижн – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Озмуни Евровижн" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_%C5%9Eark%C4%B1_Yar%C4%B1%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="Eurovision Şarkı Yarışması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eurovision Şarkı Yarışması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81_%C2%AB%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F%C2%BB" title="Пісенний конкурс «Євробачення» – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пісенний конкурс «Євробачення»" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%DB%8B%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8B%D9%89%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D9%85%DB%87%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="ياۋروۋىزىيون ناخشا مۇسابىقىسى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ياۋروۋىزىيون ناخشا مۇسابىقىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evrovizii" title="Evrovizii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Evrovizii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Eurovision Song Contest" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urovuzion" title="Urovuzion – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Urovuzion" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E7%AB%9E%E5%94%B1%E6%AD%8C%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B" title="欧罗维竞唱歌比赛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="欧罗维竞唱歌比赛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A2_%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A1" title="אייראוויזיע געזאנג קאנקורס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אייראוויזיע געזאנג קאנקורס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Five_(Eurovision)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Five (Eurovision)">Big Five (Eurovision)</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Annual international song competition</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Eurovision" redirects here. For the broader Eurovision network, see <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_(network)" title="Eurovision (network)">Eurovision (network)</a>. For the most recent contest, see <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2024">Eurovision Song Contest 2024</a>. For the upcoming contest, see <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2025" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2025">Eurovision Song Contest 2025</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Eurovision (disambiguation)">Eurovision (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1262195746">.mw-parser-output .ib-tv{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0 3px;padding:3px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-above{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;font-size:125%;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-header{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-aka{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release td,.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1}</style><table class="infobox ib-tv vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049405">.mw-parser-output .noitalic{font-style:normal}</style>Eurovision Song Contest</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurovision_Song_Contest.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The current Eurovision Song Contest logo, in use since 2015"><img alt="The current Eurovision Song Contest logo, in use since 2015" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e1/Eurovision_Song_Contest.svg/250px-Eurovision_Song_Contest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e1/Eurovision_Song_Contest.svg/375px-Eurovision_Song_Contest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e1/Eurovision_Song_Contest.svg/500px-Eurovision_Song_Contest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1331" data-file-height="421" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Logo since 2015</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Also known as</th><td class="infobox-data ib-tv-aka"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049405">Eurovision</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049405">Eurosong</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049405">ESC</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Music_competition" title="Music competition">Music competition</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sanremo_Music_Festival" title="Sanremo Music Festival">Sanremo Music Festival</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Presented by</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_presenters" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest presenters">Various presenters</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest">Various participating countries</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original languages</th><td class="infobox-data">Various; primarily English and French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of episodes</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>68 contests</li> <li>104 live shows</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Production</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production locations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_host_cities" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest host cities">Various host cities</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Running time</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>~2 hours (semi-finals)</li> <li>~4 hours (finals)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production companies</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="History of the Eurovision Song Contest">Various national broadcasters</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Original release</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release</th><td class="infobox-data">24 May 1956 (1956-05-24) – present</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Related</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Junior Eurovision Song Contest">Junior Eurovision Song Contest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Young_Musicians" title="Eurovision Young Musicians">Eurovision Young Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Young_Dancers" title="Eurovision Young Dancers">Eurovision Young Dancers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Dance_Contest" title="Eurovision Dance Contest">Eurovision Dance Contest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Choir" title="Eurovision Choir">Eurovision Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkvision_Song_Contest" title="Turkvision Song Contest">Turkvision Song Contest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Song_Contest" title="American Song Contest">American Song Contest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Eurovision Song Contest (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Concours Eurovision de la chanson), often known simply as Eurovision, is an international <a href="/wiki/Music_competition" title="Music competition">song competition</a> organised annually by the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a>. Each <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest">participating country</a> submits an original song to be performed live and transmitted to national broadcasters via the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_(network)" title="Eurovision (network)">Eurovision and Euroradio networks</a>, with competing countries then casting votes for the other countries' songs to determine a winner. The contest was inspired by and based on Italy's national <a href="/wiki/Sanremo_Music_Festival" title="Sanremo Music Festival">Sanremo Music Festival</a>, held in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Riviera" title="Italian Riviera">Italian Riviera</a> since 1951. Eurovision has been held annually since 1956 (except for <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2020" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2020">2020</a> due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_restrictions" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 restrictions">COVID-19 restrictions</a>), making it the longest-running international music competition on television and one of the world's longest-running television programmes. Active members of the EBU and invited associate members are eligible to compete; as of 2024,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit">[update]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest">52 countries</a> have participated at least once. Each participating broadcaster sends an original song of three minutes duration or less to be performed live by a singer or group of up to six people aged 16 or older. Each country awards 1–8, 10 and 12 points to their ten favourite songs, based on the views of an assembled group of music professionals and the country's viewing public, with the song receiving the most points declared the winner. Other performances feature alongside the competition, including a specially-commissioned opening and interval act and guest performances by musicians and other personalities, with past acts including <a href="/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil" title="Cirque du Soleil">Cirque du Soleil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mika_(singer)" title="Mika (singer)">Mika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Ora" title="Rita Ora">Rita Ora</a> and the first performance of <a href="/wiki/Riverdance" title="Riverdance">Riverdance</a>. Originally consisting of a single evening event, the contest has expanded as new countries joined (including countries outside of Europe, such as <a href="/wiki/Israel_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Australia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Australia</a>), leading to the introduction of relegation procedures in the 1990s, before the creation of semi-finals in the 2000s. As of 2024,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit">[update]</a> <a href="/wiki/Germany_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest">Germany</a> has competed more times than any other country, having participated in all but <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1996" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1996">one</a> edition, while <a href="/wiki/Ireland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest">Sweden</a> both hold the record for the most victories, with seven wins each in total. Traditionally held in the country that won the preceding year's event, the contest provides an opportunity to promote the host country and city as a tourist destination. Thousands of spectators attend each year, along with journalists who cover all aspects of the contest, including rehearsals in venue, press conferences with the competing acts, in addition to other related events and performances in the host city. Alongside the generic Eurovision logo, a unique theme is typically developed for each event. The contest has aired in countries across all continents; it has been <a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">available online</a> via the official Eurovision website since 2001. Eurovision ranks among the world's most watched non-sporting events every year, with hundreds of millions of viewers globally. Performing at the contest has often provided artists with a local career boost and in some cases long-lasting international success. Several of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">best-selling music artists</a> in the world have competed in past editions, including <a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julio_Iglesias" title="Julio Iglesias">Julio Iglesias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cliff_Richard" title="Cliff Richard">Cliff Richard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John" title="Olivia Newton-John">Olivia Newton-John</a>; some of the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles" title="List of best-selling singles">best-selling singles</a> have received their first international performance on the Eurovision stage. While having gained popularity with the viewing public in both participating and non-participating countries, the contest has also been the subject of criticism for its artistic quality as well as a perceived political aspect to the event. Concerns have been raised regarding political friendships and rivalries between countries potentially having an impact on the results. Controversial moments have included participating countries withdrawing at a late stage, censorship of broadcast segments by broadcasters, as well as political events impacting participation. The contest has also been criticised for an over-abundance of elaborate stage shows at the cost of artistic merit. Eurovision has, however, gained popularity for its <a href="/wiki/Camp_(style)" title="Camp (style)">camp</a> appeal, its musical span of <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_folk_music" title="Contemporary folk music">ethnic</a> and international styles, as well as emergence as part of <a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture">LGBT culture</a>, resulting in a large, active fanbase and an influence on popular culture. The popularity of the contest has led to the creation of several similar events, either organised by the EBU or created by external organisations; several special events have been organised by the EBU to celebrate select anniversaries or as a replacement due to cancellation. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_and_history">Origins and history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins and history">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="History of the Eurovision Song Contest">History of the Eurovision Song Contest</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Lys_Assia_(crop).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of Lys Assia, the first winner of the Eurovision Song Contest, performing at the third contest in 1958." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Lys_Assia_%28crop%29.png/220px-Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Lys_Assia_%28crop%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Lys_Assia_%28crop%29.png/330px-Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Lys_Assia_%28crop%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Lys_Assia_%28crop%29.png/440px-Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Lys_Assia_%28crop%29.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="611" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lys_Assia" title="Lys Assia">Lys Assia</a>, the winner of the first Eurovision Song Contest in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1956" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1956">1956</a>, performing at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1958">1958 contest</a></figcaption></figure> The Eurovision Song Contest was developed by the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a> (EBU) as an experiment in <a href="/wiki/Live_television" title="Live television">live television</a> broadcasting and a way to produce cheaper programming for national broadcasting organisations.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> The word "Eurovision" was first used by British journalist George Campey in the <a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard" title="Evening Standard">London Evening Standard</a> in 1951, when he referred to a <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> programme being relayed by Dutch television.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh201293–96-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-GoldenJubilee-4">[4]</a> Following several events broadcast internationally via the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_(network)" title="Eurovision (network)">Eurovision transmission network</a> in the early 1950s, including the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Coronation of Elizabeth II">coronation of Elizabeth II</a> in 1953, an EBU committee, headed by <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Bezen%C3%A7on" title="Marcel Bezençon">Marcel Bezençon</a>, was formed in January 1955 to investigate new initiatives for cooperation between broadcasters, which approved for further study a European song competition from an idea initially proposed by <a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a> manager <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Pugliese" title="Sergio Pugliese">Sergio Pugliese</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GoldenJubilee-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eurovision_network-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The EBU's general assembly agreed to the organising of the song contest in October 1955, under the initial title of the European Grand Prix, and accepted a proposal by the Swiss delegation to host the event in <a href="/wiki/Lugano" title="Lugano">Lugano</a> in the spring of 1956.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh201293–96-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-GoldenJubilee-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor20108–9-7">[7]</a> The Italian <a href="/wiki/Sanremo_Music_Festival" title="Sanremo Music Festival">Sanremo Music Festival</a>, held since 1951, was used as a basis for the initial planning of the contest, with several amendments and additions given its international nature.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh201293–96-3">[3]</a> Seven countries participated in the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1956" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1956">first contest</a>, with each country represented by two songs; the only time in which multiple entries per country were permitted.<a href="#cite_note-Nutshell-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Facts_&_Figures-9">[9]</a> The winning song was "<a href="/wiki/Refrain_(Lys_Assia_song)" title="Refrain (Lys Assia song)">Refrain</a>", representing the host country Switzerland and performed by <a href="/wiki/Lys_Assia" title="Lys Assia">Lys Assia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Winners-10">[10]</a> Voting during the first contest was held behind closed doors, with only the winner being announced on stage; the use of a scoreboard and public announcement of the voting, inspired by the BBC's <a href="/wiki/Festival_of_British_Popular_Songs_1956" title="Festival of British Popular Songs 1956">Festival of British Popular Songs</a>, began in 1957.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012152-11">[11]</a> The tradition of the winning country hosting the following year's contest, which has since become a standard feature of the event, began in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201012–13-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012160-13">[13]</a> Technological developments have transformed the contest: <a href="/wiki/Color_television" title="Color television">colour broadcasts</a> began in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1968" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1968">1968</a>; <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite broadcasts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1985" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1985">1985</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2000" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2000">2000</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Eurovision_network-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-London_68-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Webcasting-15">[15]</a> Broadcasts in <a href="/wiki/16:9_aspect_ratio" title="16:9 aspect ratio">widescreen</a> began in 2005 and in <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">high-definition</a> since 2007, with <a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">ultra-high-definition</a> tested for the first time in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Helsinki_07-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> By the 1960s, between 16 and 18 countries were regularly competing each year.<a href="#cite_note-ESC_History-19">[19]</a> Countries from outside the traditional <a href="/wiki/Europe#Definition" title="Europe">boundaries of Europe</a> began entering the contest, and countries in Western Asia and North Africa started competing in the 1970s and 1980s. Apart from Yugoslavia (a member of the <a href="/wiki/Non-aligned_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-aligned movement">non-aligned movement</a> and not seen as part of the Eastern Bloc at the time) no socialist or communist country ever participated. However, the <a href="/wiki/Intervision_Song_Contest" title="Intervision Song Contest">Intervision Song Contest</a> which held four editions in the 1970s and 1980s (and a one-off revival in 2008) saw the participation of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a> members – including some from outside Europe like Canada – in addition to the Eastern Bloc countries of <a href="/wiki/Intervision_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Intervision Network">Intervision</a> that had set up the contest. Only after the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">end of the Cold War</a> did other countries from <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">Central and Eastern Europe</a> participate for the first time – some of those countries having gained or regained their independence in the course of the breakup of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union. As a consequence, more countries were now applying than could feasibly participate in a one-night-event of reasonable length. Numerous solutions to this problem were tried out over the years. The <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1993" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1993">1993 contest</a> included a contest called <a href="/wiki/Kvalifikacija_za_Millstreet" title="Kvalifikacija za Millstreet">Kvalifikacija za Millstreet</a> which was a pre-qualifying round for seven of these new countries, and from <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1994" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1994">1994</a>, <a href="/wiki/Promotion_and_relegation" title="Promotion and relegation">relegation systems</a> were introduced to manage the number of competing entries, with the poorest performing countries barred from entering the following year's contest.<a href="#cite_note-ESC_History-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> From 2004, the contest expanded to become a multi-programme event, with a semi-final at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2004" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2004">49th contest</a> allowing all interested countries to compete each year; a second semi-final was added to each edition from 2008.<a href="#cite_note-Facts_&_Figures-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-ESC_History-19">[19]</a> There have been 68 contests as of 2024,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit">[update]</a> making Eurovision the longest-running annual international televised music competition as determined by <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The contest has been listed as one of the longest-running television programmes in the world and among the world's most watched non-sporting events.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> A total of <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest">52 countries</a> have taken part in at least one edition, with a record 43 countries participating in a single contest, first in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2008" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2008">2008</a> and subsequently in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2011" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2011">2011</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2018" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2018">2018</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Facts_&_Figures-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-ESC_History-19">[19]</a> Australia became the first non-EBU member country to compete following an invitation by the EBU ahead of the contest's <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2015" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2015">60th edition</a> in 2015;<a href="#cite_note-Australia-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> initially announced as a "one-off" for the anniversary edition, the country was invited back the following year and has subsequently participated every year since.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Australia_2023-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Participants-30">[30]</a> Eurovision had been held every year until 2020, when <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2020" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2020">that year's contest</a> was cancelled in response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Facts_&_Figures-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-2020_cancellation-31">[31]</a> No competitive event was able to take place due to uncertainty caused by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">spread of the virus in Europe</a> and the various restrictions imposed by the governments of the participating countries. In its place a special broadcast, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision:_Europe_Shine_a_Light" title="Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light">Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light</a>, was produced by the organisers, which honoured the songs and artists that would have competed in 2020 in a non-competitive format.<a href="#cite_note-2020_cancellation-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naming">Naming</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Naming">edit</a>]</div> The contest has been known by many names in many languages. The first contest was officially named the Gran premio Eurovisione della canzone europea in Italian, the Grand Prix Eurovision de la chanson européenne in French, and the Grand Prix of the Eurovision Song Competition in English.<a href="#cite_note-Radio_Times-34">[34]</a> with similar variations, such as Eurovision Schlagerfestival in Swedish or Eurovisie Songfestival in Dutch being used unofficially. The names Eurovision Song Contest and Concours Eurovision de la Chanson in French became a de facto standard in subsequent decades. The contest was briefly rebranded as Eurosong in English for the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1996" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1996">1996 edition</a>,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> but this was reverted the following year. The names weren't standardised until 2004,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] when the contest rebranded.<a href="#cite_note-ESC_History-19">[19]</a> The official brand guidelines specify that translations of the name may be used depending on national tradition and brand recognition in the competing countries, but that the official name Eurovision Song Contest is always preferred.<a href="#cite_note-Brand-38">[38]</a> On only four occasions has the name used for the official logo of the contest not been in English or French: the Italian names Gran Premio Eurovisione della Canzone and Concorso Eurovisione della Canzone were used when Italy hosted the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1965" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1965">1965</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1991" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1991">1991</a> contests respectively; and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> name Eurovisiesongfestival was used when the Netherlands hosted in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1976" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1976">1976</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1980" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1980">1980</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ESC_History-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Format">Format</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Format">edit</a>]</div> Original songs representing participating countries are performed in a live television programme broadcast via the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_(network)" title="Eurovision (network)">Eurovision and Euroradio networks</a> simultaneously to all countries. A "country" as a participant is represented by one television broadcaster from that country, a member of the European Broadcasting Union, and is typically that country's national <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public broadcasting</a> organisation.<a href="#cite_note-How_it_works-39">[39]</a> The programme is staged by one of the participant countries and is broadcast from an <a href="/wiki/Auditorium" title="Auditorium">auditorium</a> in the selected host city.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Since 2008, each contest is typically formed of three live television shows held over one week: two semi-finals are held on the Tuesday and Thursday, followed by a final on the Saturday. All participating countries compete in one of the two semi-finals, except for the host country of that year's contest and the contest's biggest financial contributors known as the "Big Five"—<a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="France in the Eurovision Song Contest">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest">Spain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest">United Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-How_it_works-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_lessons_learned-41">[41]</a> The remaining countries are split between the two semi-finals, and the 10 highest-scoring entries in each qualify to produce 26 countries competing in the final.<a href="#cite_note-How_it_works-39">[39]</a> Since the introduction of the semi-final round in 2004, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest">Luxembourg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest">Ukraine</a> are the only countries outside of the "Big Five" to have qualified for the final of every contest they have competed in. Each participating broadcaster has sole discretion over the process it may employ to select its entry for the contest. Typical methods in which participants are selected include a televised national final using a jury and/or public vote; an internal selection by a committee appointed by the broadcaster; and a mixed format where some decisions are made internally and the public are engaged in others.<a href="#cite_note-National_selections-42">[42]</a> Among the most successful televised selection shows is Sweden's <a href="/wiki/Melodifestivalen" title="Melodifestivalen">Melodifestivalen</a>, first established in 1959 and now one of Sweden's most watched television shows each year.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opening_act_2,_ESC_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of the opening act during the 2011 contest; Stefan Raab performs with a band while multiple women dressed as Lena dance behind them while waving the flags of the participating countries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Opening_act_2%2C_ESC_2011.jpg/220px-Opening_act_2%2C_ESC_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Opening_act_2%2C_ESC_2011.jpg/330px-Opening_act_2%2C_ESC_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Opening_act_2%2C_ESC_2011.jpg/440px-Opening_act_2%2C_ESC_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1065" /></a><figcaption>The opening act during the final of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2011" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2011">2011 contest</a> in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> Each show typically begins with an opening act consisting of music and/or dance performances by invited artists, which contributes to a unique theme and identity created for that year's event; since 2013, the opening of the contest's final has included a "Flag Parade", with competing artists entering the stage behind their country's flag in a similar manner to the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games_ceremony#Parade_of_Nations" title="Olympic Games ceremony">procession of competing athletes</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games_ceremony" title="Olympic Games ceremony">Olympic Games opening ceremony</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Grand_Final_story-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Iconic_intervals-45">[45]</a> Viewers are welcomed by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_presenters" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest presenters">one or more presenters</a> who provide key updates during the show, conduct interviews with competing acts from the <a href="/wiki/Green_room" title="Green room">green room</a>, and guide the voting procedure in English and French.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rules-48">[48]</a> Competing acts perform sequentially, and after all songs have been performed, viewers are invited to vote for their favourite performances—except for the performance of their own country—via <a href="/wiki/Televoting" title="Televoting">telephone</a>, SMS and the official Eurovision app.<a href="#cite_note-How_it_works-39">[39]</a> The public vote comprises 50% of the final result alongside the views of a jury of music industry professionals from each country.<a href="#cite_note-How_it_works-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rules-48">[48]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Intermission" title="Intermission">interval act</a> is invariably featured during this voting period, which on several occasions has included a well-known personality from the host country or an internationally recognised figure.<a href="#cite_note-Grand_Final_story-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Iconic_intervals-45">[45]</a> The results of the voting are subsequently announced; in the semi-finals, the 10 highest-ranked countries are announced in a random order, with the full results undisclosed until after the final. In the final, the presenters call upon a representative spokesperson for each country in turn who announces their jury's points, while the results of the public vote are subsequently announced by the presenters.<a href="#cite_note-How_it_works-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Voting-49">[49]</a> In recent years, it has been tradition that the first country to announce its jury points is the previous host, whereas the last country is the current host (with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">2023</a>, when the United Kingdom hosted the contest on behalf of Ukraine, which went first).<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The qualifying acts in the semi-finals, and the winning delegation in the final are invited back on stage; in the final, a <a href="/wiki/Trophy" title="Trophy">trophy</a> is awarded to the winning performers and songwriters by the previous year's winner, followed by a reprise of the winning song.<a href="#cite_note-How_it_works-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Trophy-51">[51]</a> The full results of the competition, including detailed results of the jury and public vote, are released online shortly after the final, and the participating broadcaster of the winning entry is traditionally given the honour of organising the following year's event.<a href="#cite_note-How_it_works-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Voting-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participation">Participation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Participation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest">List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Broadcasting_Area.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of countries in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia in grey, with the boundaries of the European Broadcasting Area superimposed in red" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/European_Broadcasting_Area.svg/330px-European_Broadcasting_Area.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/European_Broadcasting_Area.svg/495px-European_Broadcasting_Area.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/European_Broadcasting_Area.svg/660px-European_Broadcasting_Area.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>The European Broadcasting Area, shown in red</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EurovisionParticipants.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of countries in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia, with a cut-out of Australia in top-right corner; countries are coloured to indicate contest participation and eligibility: countries which have entered at least once are coloured in green; countries which have never entered but eligible to do so are coloured in yellow; countries which intended to enter but later withdrew are coloured in red; and countries which competed as a part of another country but never as a sovereign country are coloured in light green." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/EurovisionParticipants.svg/330px-EurovisionParticipants.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/EurovisionParticipants.svg/495px-EurovisionParticipants.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/EurovisionParticipants.svg/660px-EurovisionParticipants.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Participation since 1956: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Entered at least once</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Never entered, although eligible to do so</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Entry intended, but later withdrew</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Competed as a part of another country, but never as a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign country</a></div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurovision_participation_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of countries in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia, with Australia as an insert in the top-right corner, coloured to indicate the decade in which they first participated in the contest: 1950s in red, 1960s in orange, 1970s in yellow, 1980s in green; 1990s in sky blue; 2000s in blue; and 2010s in purple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Eurovision_participation_map.svg/330px-Eurovision_participation_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Eurovision_participation_map.svg/495px-Eurovision_participation_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Eurovision_participation_map.svg/660px-Eurovision_participation_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Participants in the Eurovision Song Contest, coloured by decade of debut</figcaption></figure>Active members (as opposed to associate members) of the European Broadcasting Union are eligible to participate; active members are those who are located in states that fall within the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Area" title="European Broadcasting Area">European Broadcasting Area</a>, or are <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Member states of the Council of Europe">member states of the Council of Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EBUmembership-52">[52]</a> Active members include media organisations whose broadcasts are often made available to at least 98% of households in their own country which are equipped to receive such transmissions.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Associate member broadcasters may be eligible to compete, dependent on approval by the contest's reference group.<a href="#cite_note-Who_can_take_part-54">[54]</a> The European Broadcasting Area is defined by the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> as encompassing the geographical area between the boundary of <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union_region" class="mw-redirect" title="International Telecommunication Union region">ITU Region 1</a> in the west, the <a href="/wiki/Meridian_40%C2%B0_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Meridian 40° East">meridian 40° East</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_meridian" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwich meridian">Greenwich</a> in the east, and <a href="/wiki/Parallel_30%C2%B0_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallel 30° North">parallel 30° North</a> in the south. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and the parts of Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Turkey and Ukraine lying outside these limits are also included in the European Broadcasting Area.<a href="#cite_note-ITU-R_Radio_Regulation_2012-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-ITU-R_Radio_Regulation_2004-56">[56]</a> Eligibility to participate in the contest is therefore not limited to countries in Europe, as several states geographically outside the boundaries of the continent or which span <a href="/wiki/List_of_transcontinental_countries" title="List of transcontinental countries">more than one continent</a> are included in the Broadcasting Area.<a href="#cite_note-Who_can_take_part-54">[54]</a> Countries from these groups have taken part in past editions, including countries in Western Asia such as Israel and <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, countries which span Europe and Asia like Russia and Turkey, and North African countries such as <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ESC_History-19">[19]</a> Australia became the first country to participate from outside the European Broadcasting Area in 2015, following an invitation by the contest's reference group.<a href="#cite_note-Australia-26">[26]</a> EBU members who wish to participate must fulfil conditions as laid down in the rules of the contest, a separate copy of which is drafted annually. A maximum of 44 countries can take part in any one contest.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-48">[48]</a> Broadcasters must have paid the EBU a participation fee in advance of the deadline specified in the rules for the year in which they wish to participate; this fee is different for each country based on its size and viewership.<a href="#cite_note-FAQ-57">[57]</a> Fifty-two countries have participated at least once.<a href="#cite_note-ESC_History-19">[19]</a> These are listed here alongside the year in which they made their debut: <table> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:94%"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Country making its debut entry </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top center;" rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1956" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1956">1956</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest">Belgium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="France in the Eurovision Song Contest">France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest">Germany</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[a]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest">Italy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest">Luxembourg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest">Netherlands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Switzerland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top center;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1957" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1957">1957</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest">Austria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest">Denmark</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest">United Kingdom</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1958">1958</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest">Sweden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1959" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1959">1959</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Monaco_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contest">Monaco</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1960" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1960">1960</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest">Norway</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top center;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1961" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1961">1961</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Finland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest">Spain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Yugoslavia</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[b]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1964" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1964">1964</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest">Portugal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1965" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1965">1965</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ireland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Ireland</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:94%"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Country making its debut entry </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1971" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1971">1971</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest">Malta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1973" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1973">1973</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest">Israel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1974" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1974">1974</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest">Greece</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1975" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1975">1975</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top center;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1980" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1980">1980</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Morocco in the Eurovision Song Contest">Morocco</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1981" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1981">1981</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest">Cyprus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1986" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1986">1986</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Iceland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top center;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1993" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1993">1993</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Eurovision Song Contest">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Croatia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Slovenia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top center;" rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1994" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1994">1994</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Estonia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest">Hungary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Lithuania in the Eurovision Song Contest">Lithuania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Poland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Romania in the Eurovision Song Contest">Romania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Slovakia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Slovakia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top center;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1998" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1998">1998</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="North Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest">North Macedonia</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[c]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:94%"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Country making its debut entry </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2000" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2000">2000</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Latvia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Latvia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2003" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2003">2003</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest">Ukraine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top center;" rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2004" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2004">2004</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albania_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Albania in the Eurovision Song Contest">Albania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Andorra_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Andorra in the Eurovision Song Contest">Andorra</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Belarus in the Eurovision Song Contest">Belarus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Serbia and Montenegro in the Eurovision Song Contest">Serbia and Montenegro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top center;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2005" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2005">2005</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Bulgaria in the Eurovision Song Contest">Bulgaria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Moldova_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Moldova in the Eurovision Song Contest">Moldova</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2006" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2006">2006</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Armenia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Armenia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top center;" rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2007" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2007">2007</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Czech Republic in the Eurovision Song Contest">Czech Republic</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[d]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Georgia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Georgia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Montenegro in the Eurovision Song Contest">Montenegro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Serbia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Serbia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top center;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2008" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2008">2008</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Azerbaijan in the Eurovision Song Contest">Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/20px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/31px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/40px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/San_Marino_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="San Marino in the Eurovision Song Contest">San Marino</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align:top center;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2015" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2015">2015</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Australia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Australia</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[e]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Represented <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> until 1990; <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> never competed. Presented on all occasions as 'Germany', except in 1967 as 'Federal Republic of Germany', in 1970 and 1976 as 'West Germany', and in 1990 as 'F.R. Germany'. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Represented the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> until 1991, and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> in 1992. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Presented as the '<a href="/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute" title="Macedonia naming dispute">Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia</a>' before 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Presented as '<a href="/wiki/Name_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Name of the Czech Republic">Czechia</a>' from 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Associate member broadcaster; initially announced as a one-off participant to commemorate the contest's 60th anniversary, has subsequently participated every year since.<a href="#cite_note-Australia_2023-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Participants-30">[30]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hosting">Hosting</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hosting">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_host_cities" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest host cities">List of Eurovision Song Contest host cities</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurovision_all_cities.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Eurovision_all_cities.svg/220px-Eurovision_all_cities.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Eurovision_all_cities.svg/330px-Eurovision_all_cities.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Eurovision_all_cities.svg/440px-Eurovision_all_cities.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Countries which have hosted the Eurovision Song Contest (up to 2022) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  A single hosting <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Multiple hostings</figcaption></figure> The winning country traditionally hosts the following year's event, with <a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_host_cities#Hosting_traditions_and_exceptions" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest host cities">some exceptions</a> since <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1958">1958</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Historical_Milestones-63">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-ESC_History-19">[19]</a> Hosting the contest can be seen as a unique opportunity for promoting the host country as a tourist destination and can provide benefits to the local economy and tourism sectors of the host city.<a href="#cite_note-64">[59]</a> However, there is a perception reflected in popular culture that some countries wish to avoid the costly burden of hosting – sometimes resulting in them sending deliberately subpar entries with no chance of winning. This belief is mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest:_The_Story_of_Fire_Saga" title="Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga">Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga</a> (2020) and a plot point in the <a href="/wiki/Father_Ted" title="Father Ted">Father Ted</a> episode "<a href="/wiki/A_Song_for_Europe_(Father_Ted)" title="A Song for Europe (Father Ted)">A Song for Europe</a>" (1996).<a href="#cite_note-65">[60]</a> Preparations for each year's contest typically begin at the conclusion of the previous year's contest, with the winning country's head of delegation receiving a welcome package of information related to hosting the contest at the winner's press conference.<a href="#cite_note-How_it_works-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[62]</a> Eurovision is a non-profit event, and financing is typically achieved through a fee from each participating broadcaster, contributions from the host broadcaster and the host city, and commercial revenues from sponsorships, ticket sales, televoting and merchandise.<a href="#cite_note-FAQ-57">[57]</a> The host broadcaster will subsequently select a host city, typically a national or regional capital city, which must meet certain criteria set out in the contest's rules. The host venue must be able to accommodate at least 10,000 spectators, a press centre for 1,500 journalists, should be within easy reach of an <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airport</a> and with hotel accommodation available for at least 2,000 delegates, journalists and spectators.<a href="#cite_note-Host_city_criteria-68">[63]</a> A variety of different venues have been used for past editions, from small theatres and television studios to large arenas and stadiums.<a href="#cite_note-ESC_History-19">[19]</a> The largest host venue is <a href="/wiki/Parken_Stadium" title="Parken Stadium">Parken Stadium</a> in Copenhagen, which was attended by almost 38,000 spectators in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2001" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2001">2001</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Facts_&_Figures-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Copenhagen_01-69">[64]</a> With a population of 1,500 at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1993" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1993">1993 contest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millstreet" title="Millstreet">Millstreet</a>, Ireland remains the smallest hosting settlement, although its <a href="/wiki/Green_Glens_Arena" title="Green Glens Arena">Green Glens Arena</a> is capable of hosting up to 8,000 spectators.<a href="#cite_note-Millstreet_93-70">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[66]</a> Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> or <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a>, whose host venues are announced several years in advance, there is usually no purpose-built infrastructure whose construction is justified with the needs of hosting the Eurovision Song Contest. However, the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2012" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2012">2012 edition</a>, hosted in <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, Azerbaijan, was held at <a href="/wiki/Baku_Crystal_Hall" title="Baku Crystal Hall">Baku Crystal Hall</a>, a venue that had not existed when Azerbaijan won the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-72">[67]</a> Most other editions have been held in pre-existing venues, but renovations or modifications have sometimes been undertaken in the year prior to the contest which are justified with the needs of Eurovision.<a href="#cite_note-73">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eurovision_logo_and_theme">Eurovision logo and theme</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Eurovision logo and theme">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurovision_Song_Contest_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Previous generic logo used at the contest between 2004 and 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3a/Eurovision_Song_Contest_logo.svg/220px-Eurovision_Song_Contest_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3a/Eurovision_Song_Contest_logo.svg/330px-Eurovision_Song_Contest_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3a/Eurovision_Song_Contest_logo.svg/440px-Eurovision_Song_Contest_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="198" /></a><figcaption>Logo used from 2004 to 2014</figcaption></figure> Until 2004, each edition of the contest used its own logo and visual identity as determined by the respective host broadcaster. To create a consistent visual identity, a generic logo was introduced ahead of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2004" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2004">2004 contest</a>. This is typically accompanied by a unique theme artwork designed for each individual contest by the host broadcaster, with the flag of the host country placed prominently in the centre of the Eurovision heart.<a href="#cite_note-Brand-38">[38]</a> The original logo was designed by the London-based agency JM International, and received a revamp in 2014 by the Amsterdam-based Cityzen Agency for the contest's <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2015" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2015">60th edition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Logos_&_Artwork-75">[70]</a> An individual theme is utilised by contest producers when constructing the visual identity of each edition of the contest, including the stage design, the opening and interval acts, and the "postcards".<a href="#cite_note-76">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[74]</a> The short video postcards are interspersed between the entries and were first introduced in 1970, initially as an attempt to "bulk up" the contest after a number of countries decided not to compete, but has since become a regular part of the show and usually highlight the host country and introduce the competing acts.<a href="#cite_note-Amsterdam_50th_anniv-80">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201040–43-81">[76]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Slogans_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="mw-redirect" title="Slogans of the Eurovision Song Contest">unique slogan</a> for each edition, first introduced in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2002" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2002">2002</a>, was also an integral part of each contest's visual identity, which was replaced by a permanent slogan from <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2024">2024</a> onwards. The permanent slogan, "United by Music", had previously served as the slogan for the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">2023 contest</a> before being retained for all future editions as part of the contest's global brand strategy.<a href="#cite_note-Slogan2-82">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preparations">Preparations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Preparations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Netta_at_the_Eurovision_2018_-_Winner%E2%80%99s_Press_Conference_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A press conference during the 2012 contest; the Serbian delegation are seated at a long table with rows of journalists seated facing them, with a large screen on the wall behind the delegation projecting a live relay of the conference." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Netta_at_the_Eurovision_2018_-_Winner%E2%80%99s_Press_Conference_03.jpg/220px-Netta_at_the_Eurovision_2018_-_Winner%E2%80%99s_Press_Conference_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Netta_at_the_Eurovision_2018_-_Winner%E2%80%99s_Press_Conference_03.jpg/330px-Netta_at_the_Eurovision_2018_-_Winner%E2%80%99s_Press_Conference_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Netta_at_the_Eurovision_2018_-_Winner%E2%80%99s_Press_Conference_03.jpg/440px-Netta_at_the_Eurovision_2018_-_Winner%E2%80%99s_Press_Conference_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Press conference with the Israeli delegation following its win at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2018" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2018">2018 contest</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pht-Vugar_Ibadov_eurovision_(35).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of the EuroClub in 2012; a large group of delegates are seen conversing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pht-Vugar_Ibadov_eurovision_%2835%29.jpg/220px-Pht-Vugar_Ibadov_eurovision_%2835%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pht-Vugar_Ibadov_eurovision_%2835%29.jpg/330px-Pht-Vugar_Ibadov_eurovision_%2835%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pht-Vugar_Ibadov_eurovision_%2835%29.jpg/440px-Pht-Vugar_Ibadov_eurovision_%2835%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3641" data-file-height="2450" /></a><figcaption>The EuroClub at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2012" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2012">2012 contest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></figcaption></figure> Preparations in the host venue typically begin approximately six weeks before the final, to accommodate building works and technical rehearsals before the arrival of the competing artists.<a href="#cite_note-83">[78]</a> Delegations will typically arrive in the host city two to three weeks before the live show, and each participating broadcaster nominates a head of delegation, responsible for coordinating the movements of their delegation and being that country's representative to the EBU.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[79]</a> Members of each country's delegation include performers, composers, lyricists, members of the press, and—in the years where a live orchestra was present—a conductor.<a href="#cite_note-HoDs-85">[80]</a> Present if desired is a commentator, who provides commentary of the event for their country's radio and/or television feed in their country's own language in dedicated booths situated around the back of the arena behind the audience.<a href="#cite_note-86">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[82]</a> Each country conducts two individual rehearsals behind closed doors, the first for 30 minutes and the second for 20 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-2008_rehearsal_schedule-88">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[84]</a> Individual rehearsals for the semi-finalists commence the week before the live shows, with countries typically rehearsing in the order in which they will perform during the contest; rehearsals for the host country and the "Big Five" automatic finalists are held towards the end of the week.<a href="#cite_note-2008_rehearsal_schedule-88">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-2018_rehearsal_schedule-90">[85]</a> Following rehearsals, delegations meet with the show's production team to review footage of the rehearsal and raise any special requirements or changes. "Meet and greet" sessions with accredited fans and press are held during these rehearsal weeks.<a href="#cite_note-2008_rehearsal_schedule-88">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-Event_weeks-91">[86]</a> Each live show is preceded by three dress rehearsals, where the whole show is run in the same way as it will be presented on TV.<a href="#cite_note-Event_weeks-91">[86]</a> The second dress rehearsal, alternatively called the "jury show" or "evening preview show"<a href="#cite_note-92">[87]</a> and held the night before the broadcast, is used as a recorded back-up in case of technological failure, and performances during this show are used by each country's professional jury to determine their votes.<a href="#cite_note-2018_rehearsal_schedule-90">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-Event_weeks-91">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[88]</a> The delegations from the qualifying countries in each semi-final attend a qualifiers' press conference after their respective semi-final, and the winning delegation attends a winners' press conference following the final.<a href="#cite_note-Event_weeks-91">[86]</a> A welcome reception is typically held at a venue in the host city on the Sunday preceding the live shows, which includes a <a href="/wiki/Red_carpet" title="Red carpet">red carpet</a> ceremony for all the participating countries and is usually broadcast online.<a href="#cite_note-94">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[90]</a> Accredited delegates, press and fans have access to an official nightclub, the "EuroClub", and some delegations will hold their own parties.<a href="#cite_note-Event_weeks-91">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[92]</a> The "Eurovision Village" is an official fan zone open to the public free of charge, with live performances by the contest's artists and screenings of the live shows on big screens.<a href="#cite_note-98">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules">Rules</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rules">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest">Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_%C3%96sterdahl_s%C3%B6ndag_lunch_i_Stor%C3%A4ngen_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of Martin Österdahl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Martin_%C3%96sterdahl_s%C3%B6ndag_lunch_i_Stor%C3%A4ngen_2016.jpg/170px-Martin_%C3%96sterdahl_s%C3%B6ndag_lunch_i_Stor%C3%A4ngen_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Martin_%C3%96sterdahl_s%C3%B6ndag_lunch_i_Stor%C3%A4ngen_2016.jpg/255px-Martin_%C3%96sterdahl_s%C3%B6ndag_lunch_i_Stor%C3%A4ngen_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Martin_%C3%96sterdahl_s%C3%B6ndag_lunch_i_Stor%C3%A4ngen_2016.jpg/340px-Martin_%C3%96sterdahl_s%C3%B6ndag_lunch_i_Stor%C3%A4ngen_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="1049" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Martin_%C3%96sterdahl" title="Martin Österdahl">Martin Österdahl</a>, the contest's executive supervisor since <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2021">2021</a></figcaption></figure> The contest is organised annually by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), together with the participating broadcaster of the host country. The event is monitored by an <a href="/wiki/Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest#Scrutineers_and_executive_supervisors" title="Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest">executive supervisor</a> appointed by the EBU, and by the <a href="/wiki/Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest#Reference_group" title="Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest">Reference Group</a> which represents all participating broadcasters, who are each represented by a nominated head of delegation.<a href="#cite_note-Organisers-99">[94]</a> The current executive supervisor is <a href="/wiki/Martin_%C3%96sterdahl" title="Martin Österdahl">Martin Österdahl</a>, who took over the role from <a href="/wiki/Jon_Ola_Sand" title="Jon Ola Sand">Jon Ola Sand</a> in May 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Österdahl-100">[95]</a> A detailed set of rules is written by the EBU for each contest and approved by the reference group. These rules have changed over time, and typically outline, among other points, the eligibility of the competing songs, the format of the contest, and the voting system to be used to determine the winner and how the results will be presented.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Song_eligibility_and_languages">Song eligibility and languages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Song eligibility and languages">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="List of languages in the Eurovision Song Contest">List of languages in the Eurovision Song Contest</a></div> All competing songs must have a duration of three minutes or less.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-48">[48]</a> This rule applies only to the version performed during the live shows.<a href="#cite_note-101">[96]</a> In order to be considered eligible, competing songs in a given year's contest must not have been released commercially before the first day of September of the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-48">[48]</a> All competing entries must include vocals and lyrics of some kind; <a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">a cappella</a> songs and purely instrumental pieces are not allowed.<a href="#cite_note-102">[97]</a> Competing entries may be performed in any language, be that <a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">natural</a> or <a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">constructed</a>, and participating broadcasters are free to decide the language in which their entry may be performed.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-48">[48]</a> Rules specifying in which language a song may be performed have changed over time. No restrictions were originally enacted when the contest was first founded; however, following criticism over the <a href="/wiki/Sweden_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1965" title="Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1965">1965 Swedish entry</a> being performed in English, a new rule was introduced for the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1966" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1966">1966 contest</a> restricting songs to be performed only in an official language of the country it represented.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201028–29-103">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-Naples_65-104">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Luxembourg_66-105">[100]</a> This rule was first abolished in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1973" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1973">1973</a>, and subsequently reinstated for most countries in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1977" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1977">1977</a>, with only <a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1977" title="Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977">Belgium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1977" class="mw-redirect" title="Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977">Germany</a> permitted freedom of language as their selection processes for that year's contest had already commenced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201068–71-106">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-Luxembourg_73-107">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-London_77-108">[103]</a> The language rule was once again abolished ahead of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1999" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1999">1999 contest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jerusalem_99-109">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010156–159-110">[105]</a> There is no restriction on the national origin, country of residence or age of the songwriter(s). Furthermore, unlike performers who may only represent one country in any given year, songwriters are free to enter multiple songs in a single year sung by different acts. For example, in the 1980 edition, both Germany's and Luxembourg's entry were (co-)written by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Siegel" title="Ralph Siegel">Ralph Siegel</a>, who – in a career spanning over 40 years – was involved in some form in the writing of dozens of entries — both advancing to the final and failing to make it past the national selection, including <a href="/wiki/Ein_bi%C3%9Fchen_Frieden" title="Ein bißchen Frieden">the winning entry</a> in 1982. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artist_eligibility_and_performances">Artist eligibility and performances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Artist eligibility and performances">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Domenico_Modugno_(1958),_Bestanddeelnr_909-4001_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white photograph from the 1958 contest held in the AVRO Studios in Hilversum, the Netherlands; an orchestra seated to the left of a small stage, with Italian singer Domenico Modugno singing on the stage platform in front of a wall." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Domenico_Modugno_%281958%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_909-4001_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Domenico_Modugno_%281958%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_909-4001_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Domenico_Modugno_%281958%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_909-4001_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Domenico_Modugno_%281958%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_909-4001_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Domenico_Modugno_%281958%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_909-4001_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Domenico_Modugno_%281958%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_909-4001_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2728" data-file-height="2181" /></a><figcaption>The orchestra was an integral part of the contest until 1998 (<a href="/wiki/Domenico_Modugno" title="Domenico Modugno">Domenico Modugno</a> performing at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1958">1958 contest</a>)</figcaption></figure> The rules for the first contest specified that only solo performers were permitted to enter;<a href="#cite_note-Lugano_56-111">[106]</a> this criterion was changed the following year to permit duos to compete, and groups were subsequently permitted for the first time in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1971" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1971">1971</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Frankfurt_57-112">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dublin_71-113">[108]</a> Currently the number of people permitted on stage during competing performances is limited to a maximum of six, and no live animals are allowed.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-48">[48]</a> Since <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1990" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1990">1990</a>, all contestants must be aged 16 or over on the day of the live show in which they perform.<a href="#cite_note-Lausanne_89-114">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Kim" title="Sandra Kim">Sandra Kim</a>, the winner in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1986" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1986">1986</a> at the age of 13, shall remain the contest's youngest winner while this rule remains in place.<a href="#cite_note-Bergen_86-115">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010104–107-116">[111]</a> There is no limit on the nationality or country of birth of the competing artists, and participating broadcasters are free to select an artist from any country; several winning artists have subsequently held a different nationality or were born in a different country to that which they represented.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012387–396-117">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-Winners-10">[10]</a> No performer may compete for more than one country in a given year.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-48">[48]</a> There is no restriction regarding performers who have participated in past events competing again – whether for the same country or a different one. It is even possible for a winning performer to try and defend their title in the next edition, as happened when 2010 winner <a href="/wiki/Lena_Meyer-Landrut" title="Lena Meyer-Landrut">Lena</a> competed again in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-118">[113]</a> However, in the history of the contest only two individuals have won more than once as a performer – <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Logan_(singer)" title="Johnny Logan (singer)">Johnny Logan</a> in 1980 and 1987 for Ireland, and <a href="/wiki/Loreen" title="Loreen">Loreen</a> in 2012 and 2023 for Sweden.<a href="#cite_note-119">[114]</a> The orchestra was a prominent aspect of the contest from 1956 to 1998.<a href="#cite_note-Facts_&_Figures-9">[9]</a> Pre-recorded backing tracks were first allowed for competing acts in 1973, but any pre-recorded instruments were required to be seen being "performed" on stage. In 1997, all instrumental music was allowed to be pre-recorded, although the host country was still required to provide an orchestra.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010148–151-120">[115]</a> In 1999, the rules were changed again, making the orchestra an optional requirement; the host broadcaster of <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1999" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1999">that year's contest</a>, Israel's <a href="/wiki/Israel_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Israel Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a>, subsequently decided not to provide an orchestra, resulting in all entries using backing tracks for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-99_Rules-121">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jerusalem_99-109">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010156–159-110">[105]</a> Since then all instrumental music for competing entries has been pre-recorded.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-15_Rules-122">[117]</a> The main vocals of competing songs must be performed live during the contest.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-48">[48]</a> Previously live backing vocals were also required; since <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2021">2021</a> these may optionally be pre-recorded – this change has been implemented in an effort to introduce flexibility following the cancellation of the 2020 edition and to facilitate modernisation.<a href="#cite_note-Back_for_good-123">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Running_order">Running order</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Running order">edit</a>]</div> Since <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2013" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2013">2013</a>, the order in which the competing countries perform has been determined by the contest's producers, and submitted to the executive supervisor and reference group for approval before public announcement. This was changed from a random draw used in previous years in order to provide a better experience for television viewers and ensure all countries stand out by avoiding instances where songs of a similar style or tempo are performed in sequence.<a href="#cite_note-125">[120]</a> Since the creation of a second semi-final in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2008" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2008">2008</a>, a semi-final allocation draw is held each year.<a href="#cite_note-Semi-Final_Allocation-126">[121]</a> Countries are placed into pots based on their geographical location and voting history in recent contests, and are assigned to compete in one of the two semi-finals through a random draw.<a href="#cite_note-127">[122]</a> Countries are then randomly assigned to compete in either the first or second half of their respective semi-final, and once all competing songs have been selected the producers then determine the running order for the semi-finals.<a href="#cite_note-allocation_2018-128">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-2013_semi_order-129">[124]</a> The automatic qualifiers are assigned at random to a semi-final for the purposes of voting rights.<a href="#cite_note-Semi-Final_Allocation-126">[121]</a> Semi-final qualifiers make a draw at random during the qualifiers' press conference to determine whether they will perform during the first, second half, or a producer-determined position in the final, while the automatic finalists randomly draw their competing half or producer-determined position in the run-up to the final, except for the host country, whose exact performance position is determined in a separate draw.<a href="#cite_note-2013_semi_order-129">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[126]</a> The running order for the final is then decided following the second semi-final by the producers. The running orders are decided with the competing songs' musical qualities, stage performance, prop and lighting set-up, and other production considerations taken into account.<a href="#cite_note-132">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voting">Voting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Voting">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Voting_at_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest">Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurovision_2004_Scoreboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A screenshot from the 2004 contest showing the electronic scoreboard: video footage of Johnny Logan is superimposed onto the scoreboard; the name and flag of the country giving its points is shown at the bottom of the screen, and the flag and country name of the finalists, the number of points being given by the giving country, and the total number of points received is shown in two columns, with the sorting order updated to place the country with the highest score at the top." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/Eurovision_2004_Scoreboard.jpg/220px-Eurovision_2004_Scoreboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/Eurovision_2004_Scoreboard.jpg/330px-Eurovision_2004_Scoreboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/26/Eurovision_2004_Scoreboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="273" /></a><figcaption>The electronic scoreboard used at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2004" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2004">2004 contest</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Logan_(singer)" title="Johnny Logan (singer)">Johnny Logan</a> announcing the votes from Ireland</figcaption></figure> Since 2023, the voting system used to determine the results of the contest has worked on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Positional_voting" title="Positional voting">positional voting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2023_voting_change-133">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-jury_semi_scrapped-134">[129]</a> Each country awards 1–8, 10 and 12 points to the ten favourite songs as voted for by that country's general public or assembled jury, with the most preferred song receiving 12 points. In the semi-finals, each country awards one set of points, based primarily on the votes cast by that country's viewing public via <a href="/wiki/Televoting" title="Televoting">telephone</a>, SMS or the official Eurovision <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">app</a>, while in the final, each country awards two sets of points, with one set awarded by the viewers and another awarded by a jury panel comprising five music professionals from that country.<a href="#cite_note-Voting-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-2023_voting_change-133">[128]</a> Since 2023, viewers in non-participating countries have also been able to vote during the contest, with those viewers able to cast votes via an online platform, which are then aggregated and awarded as one set of points from an "extra country" for the overall public vote.<a href="#cite_note-135">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[131]</a> This system is a modification of that used since 1975, when the "12 points" system was first introduced but with one set of points per country, and a similar system used since 2016 where two sets of points were awarded in both the semi-finals and final.<a href="#cite_note-Change_to_voting-137">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[133]</a> National juries and the public in each country are not allowed to vote for their own country, a rule first introduced in 1957.<a href="#cite_note-Voting-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Frankfurt_57-112">[107]</a> Historically, each country's points were determined by a jury, consisting at various times of members of the public, music professionals, or both in combination.<a href="#cite_note-Luxembourg_66-105">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012387–396-117">[112]</a> With advances in telecommunication technology, televoting was first introduced to the contest in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1997" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1997">1997</a> on a trial basis, with broadcasters in five countries allowing the viewing public to determine their votes for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010148–151-120">[115]</a> From <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1998" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1998">1998</a>, televoting was extended to almost all competing countries, and subsequently became mandatory from <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2004" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2004">2004</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Birmingham_98-139">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[135]</a> A jury was reintroduced for the final in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2009" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2009">2009</a>, with each country's points comprising both the votes of the jury and public in an equal split; this mix of jury and public voting was expanded into the semi-finals from 2010, and was used until 2023, when full public voting was reintroduced to determine the results of the semi-finals.<a href="#cite_note-jury_semi_scrapped-134">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jury_09_final-141">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-2010_jury_semis-142">[137]</a> The mix of jury and public voting continues to be used in the final.<a href="#cite_note-2023_voting_change-133">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-jury_semi_scrapped-134">[129]</a> Should two or more countries finish with the same number of points, a tie-break procedure is employed to determine the final placings. As of 2016,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit">[update]</a> a combined national televoting and jury result is calculated for each country, and the country which has obtained more points from the public voting following this calculation is deemed to have placed higher.<a href="#cite_note-Voting-49">[49]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Presentation_of_the_votes">Presentation of the votes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Presentation of the votes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Scoreboard.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white photograph of the scoreboard in 1958; the running order numbers and song titles of the competing entries are printed on the left-hand side of the scoreboard, and rotating numbers on the right-hand side show the allocation of points to each song as each country's jury is called, and a total of all points received; song titles are sorted by order of appearance, with the first song to be performed appearing at the top of the scoreboard." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Scoreboard.png/220px-Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Scoreboard.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Scoreboard.png/330px-Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Scoreboard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Scoreboard.png/440px-Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Scoreboard.png 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>The scoreboard at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1958">1958 contest</a></figcaption></figure> Since 1957, each country's votes have been announced during a special voting segment as part of the contest's broadcast, with a selected spokesperson assigned to announce the results of their country's vote.<a href="#cite_note-Voting-49">[49]</a> This spokesperson is typically well known in their country; previous spokespersons have included former Eurovision artists and presenters.<a href="#cite_note-2016_spokespersons-143">[138]</a> Historically, the announcements were made through <a href="/wiki/Telephone_line" title="Telephone line">telephone lines</a> from the countries of origin, with <a href="/wiki/Satellite_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite link">satellite links</a> employed for the first time in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1994" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1994">1994</a>, allowing the spokespersons to be seen visually by the audience and TV spectators.<a href="#cite_note-Dublin_94-144">[139]</a> Scoring is done by both a national jury and a national televote. Each country's jury votes are consecutively added to the totals <a href="/wiki/Scoreboard" title="Scoreboard">scoreboard</a> as they are called upon by the contest presenter(s).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012152-11">[11]</a> The scoreboard was historically placed at the side of the stage and updated manually as each country gave their votes; in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1988" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1988">1988</a> a <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">computer graphics</a> scoreboard was introduced.<a href="#cite_note-Dublin_88-145">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[141]</a> The jury points from 1–8 and 10 are displayed on screen and added automatically to the scoreboard, then the country's spokesperson announces which country will receive the 12 points.<a href="#cite_note-2016_spokespersons-143">[138]</a> Once jury points from all countries have been announced, the presenter(s) announce the total public points received for each finalist, with the votes for each country being consolidated and announced as a single value.<a href="#cite_note-Change_to_voting-137">[132]</a> Since <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2019">2019</a>, the public points have been revealed in ascending order based on the jury vote, with the country that received the fewest points from the jury being the first to receive their public points.<a href="#cite_note-Voting-49">[49]</a> A full breakdown of the results across all shows is published on the official Eurovision website after the final, including each country's televoting ranking and the votes of its jury and individual jury members. Each country's individual televoting points in the final are typically displayed on-screen by that country's broadcaster following the announcement of the winner.<a href="#cite_note-Change_to_voting-137">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Broadcasting">edit</a>]</div> Participating broadcasters are required to air live the semi-final in which they compete, or in the case of the automatic finalists the semi-final in which they are required to vote, and the final, in its entirety; this includes all competing songs, the voting <a href="/wiki/Abstract_(summary)" title="Abstract (summary)">recap</a> containing short clips of the performances, the voting procedure or semi-final qualification reveal, and the <a href="/wiki/Reprise" title="Reprise">reprise</a> of the winning song in the final.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-15_Rules-122">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-Broadcasting_Rights-147">[142]</a> Since 1999, broadcasters who wished to do so were given the opportunity to provide <a href="/wiki/Television_advertisement" title="Television advertisement">advertising</a> during short, non-essential hiatuses in the show's schedule.<a href="#cite_note-99_Rules-121">[116]</a> In exceptional circumstances, such as due to developing emergency situations, participating broadcasters may delay or postpone broadcast of the event.<a href="#cite_note-Decade_Stockholm_2000-148">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[144]</a> Should a broadcaster fail to air a show as expected in any other scenario they may be subject to sanctions by the EBU.<a href="#cite_note-150">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[146]</a> Several broadcasters in countries that are unable to compete have previously aired the contest in their markets.<a href="#cite_note-152">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[149]</a> As national broadcasters join and leave the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_(network)" title="Eurovision (network)">Eurovision</a> feed transmitted by the EBU, the EBU/Eurovision <a href="/wiki/Station_identification" title="Station identification">network logo ident</a> (not to be confused with the logo of the song contest itself) is displayed. The accompanying music (used on other Eurovision broadcasts) is the Prelude (Marche en rondeau) to <a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Charpentier" title="Marc-Antoine Charpentier">Marc-Antoine Charpentier</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Te_Deum_(Charpentier)" title="Te Deum (Charpentier)">Te Deum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GoldenJubilee-4">[4]</a> Originally, the same logo was used for both the Eurovision network and the European Broadcasting Union, but they now have two different logos; the latest Eurovision network logo was introduced in 2012, and when the ident is transmitted at the start and end of programmes it is this Eurovision network logo that appears.<a href="#cite_note-155">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[151]</a> The EBU now holds the recordings of all but two editions of the contest in its archives, following a project initiated in 2011 to collate footage and related materials of all editions ahead of the event's 60th edition in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-Eurovision_Again_BtS-157">[152]</a> Although cameras were present to practice pan-European broadcasting for the first contest in 1956 to the few Europeans who had television sets, its audience was primarily over the radio. The only footage available is a <a href="/wiki/Kinescope" title="Kinescope">Kinescope</a> recording of Lys Assia's reprise of her winning song.<a href="#cite_note-Lugano_56-111">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor20108–9-7">[7]</a> No full recording of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1964" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1964">1964 contest</a> exists, with conflicting reports of the fate of any copies that may have survived.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012348–358-158">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[155]</a> Audio recordings of both contests do, however, exist, and some short pieces of footage from both events have survived.<a href="#cite_note-Lugano_56-111">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-Copenhagen_64-161">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201024–25-162">[157]</a> Until 2004, the host broadcaster owned the copyright of the contest that they produced, with the EBU owning the copyright of all subsequent editions.<a href="#cite_note-Eurovision_Again_BtS-157">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expansion_of_the_contest">Expansion of the contest</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Expansion of the contest">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest">List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:568px;max-width:568px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:282px;max-width:282px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurovision_Participants_1992.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of countries in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia showing boundaries in 1992; contest participants in 1992 are coloured in green, with Yugoslavia coloured in red." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Eurovision_Participants_1992.svg/280px-Eurovision_Participants_1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Eurovision_Participants_1992.svg/420px-Eurovision_Participants_1992.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Eurovision_Participants_1992.svg/560px-Eurovision_Participants_1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="540" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Participating countries in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1992" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1992">1992</a>; <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> (in red) participated for the final time</div></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:282px;max-width:282px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Regular_Participants_1994.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of countries in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia showing boundaries in 1994; contest participants in 1994 are coloured in green" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Regular_Participants_1994.svg/280px-Regular_Participants_1994.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Regular_Participants_1994.svg/420px-Regular_Participants_1994.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Regular_Participants_1994.svg/560px-Regular_Participants_1994.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="540" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Participating countries in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1994" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1994">1994</a></div></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Changes in Europe in the 1980s and 1990s</a> impacted the contest, as <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> ceased participating under one name and new countries in Central and Eastern Europe started competing.</div></div></div></div> From the original seven countries which entered the first contest in 1956, the number of competing countries has steadily grown over time. 18 countries participated in the contest's tenth edition in 1965, and by 1990, 22 countries were regularly competing each year.<a href="#cite_note-Naples_65-104">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zagreb_90-163">[158]</a> Besides slight modifications to the voting system and other contest rules, no fundamental changes to the contest's format were introduced until the early 1990s, when <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">events in Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s</a> led to the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">breakup of Yugoslavia</a>, with the subsequent admission into the EBU of the broadcasters of the countries that emerged from the breakup, and to the merger in 1993 of the EBU with its Eastern European counterpart, the <a href="/wiki/International_Radio_and_Television_Organisation" title="International Radio and Television Organisation">International Radio and Television Organisation</a> (OIRT), which further expanded the number of broadcasters by including those from countries of the former <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a>. These events impacted the contest as they expanded the number of broadcasters eligible to participate with those from new countries.<a href="#cite_note-164">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-selections_and_relegation">Pre-selections and relegation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Pre-selections and relegation">edit</a>]</div> 29 countries registered to take part in the 1993 contest, a figure the EBU considered unable to fit reasonably into a single TV show. A pre-selection method was subsequently introduced for the first time in order to reduce the number of competing entries, with seven countries in <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">Central and Eastern Europe</a> participating in <a href="/wiki/Kvalifikacija_za_Millstreet" title="Kvalifikacija za Millstreet">Kvalifikacija za Millstreet</a>, held in <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, Slovenia one month before the event. Following a vote amongst the seven competing countries, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Eurovision Song Contest">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Slovenia</a> were chosen to head to the contest in <a href="/wiki/Millstreet" title="Millstreet">Millstreet</a>, Ireland, whilst <a href="/wiki/Estonia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Romania in the Eurovision Song Contest">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovakia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Slovakia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Slovakia</a> were forced to wait another year before being allowed to compete.<a href="#cite_note-Millstreet_93-70">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010132–135,_219-165">[160]</a> A new <a href="/wiki/Promotion_and_relegation" title="Promotion and relegation">relegation system</a> was introduced for entry into the 1994 contest, with the lowest-placed countries being forced to sit out the following year's event to be replaced by countries which had not competed in the previous contest. The bottom seven countries in 1993 were required to miss the following year's contest, and were replaced by the four unsuccessful countries in Kvalifikacija za Millstreet and new entries from <a href="/wiki/Lithuania_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Lithuania in the Eurovision Song Contest">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Millstreet_93-70">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dublin_94-144">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010136–139-166">[161]</a> This system was used again in 1994 for qualification for the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1995" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1995">1995 contest</a>, but a new system was introduced for the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1996" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1996">1996 contest</a>, when an audio-only qualification round was held in the months before the contest in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway; this system was primarily introduced in an attempt to appease Germany, one of Eurovision's biggest markets and financial contributors, which would have otherwise been relegated under the previous system.<a href="#cite_note-Oslo_96-167">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010144–147-168">[163]</a> 29 countries competed for 22 places in the main contest alongside the automatically qualified Norwegian hosts. However, Germany would ultimately still miss out, and joined Hungary, Romania, Russia, <a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest">Israel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="North Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Macedonia</a> as one of the seven countries to be absent from the Oslo contest.<a href="#cite_note-Oslo_96-167">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010144–147-168">[163]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit">[update]</a> this is the only ESC Germany has not participated in. For the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1997" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1997">1997 contest</a>, a similar relegation system to that used between 1993 and 1995 was introduced, with each country's average scores in the preceding five contests being used as a measure to determine which countries would be relegated.<a href="#cite_note-Dublin_97-169">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010148–151-120">[115]</a> This was subsequently changed again in 2001, back to the same system used between 1993 and 1995 where only the results from that year's contest would count towards relegation.<a href="#cite_note-Copenhagen_01-69">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010164–167-170">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_"Big_Five"">The "Big Five"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The "Big Five"">edit</a>]</div> In 1999, an exemption from relegation was introduced for France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom, giving them an automatic right to compete in the 2000 contest and in all subsequent editions. This group, as the highest-paying EBU members which significantly fund the contest each year, subsequently became known as the "Big Four" countries.<a href="#cite_note-Jerusalem_99-109">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010156–159-110">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-99_Rules-121">[116]</a> This group was expanded in 2011 when Italy began competing again, becoming the "Big Five".<a href="#cite_note-171">[166]</a> Originally brought in to ensure that the financial contributions of the contest's biggest financial backers would not be missed, since the introduction of the semi-finals in 2004 the "Big Five" countries have now automatically qualified for the final alongside the host country, and have not been required to compete in the semi-finals.<a href="#cite_note-Decade_Istanbul_04-172">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010176–180-173">[168]</a> There remains debate on whether this status prejudices the countries' results, based on reported antipathy over their automatic qualification and the potential disadvantage of having spent less time on stage through not competing in the semi-finals;<a href="#cite_note-174">[169]</a> however, this status appears to be more complex given that the results of the "Big Five" countries can vary widely.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_lessons_learned-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brexit_to_blame?-175">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[171]</a> This status has caused consternation from other competing countries, and was cited, among other aspects, as a reason why <a href="/wiki/Turkey_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest">Turkey</a> had ceased participating after <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2012" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2012">2012</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Turkey_LGBT-177">[172]</a> In response to the criticism on less stage time from these countries, since <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2024">2024</a> the entries from the "Big Five" countries, along with the host country, have been performed live in one of the two semi-finals outside of the competition for qualification, a change which was announced as giving these countries "a fairer playing field" in the final.<a href="#cite_note-178">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Introduction_of_semi-finals">Introduction of semi-finals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Introduction of semi-finals">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurovision_semifinal_qualification_rate_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of countries in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia, with Australia as an insert in the top-right corner, shaded to indicate their semi-final qualification rates: countries with high rates are shown in shades of blue, while countries with low rates are shown in shades of red and orange" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Eurovision_semifinal_qualification_rate_map.svg/330px-Eurovision_semifinal_qualification_rate_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Eurovision_semifinal_qualification_rate_map.svg/495px-Eurovision_semifinal_qualification_rate_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Eurovision_semifinal_qualification_rate_map.svg/660px-Eurovision_semifinal_qualification_rate_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Qualification rates per country (2004–2024; automatic qualifications not included)</figcaption></figure> An influx of new countries applying for the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2003" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2003">2003 contest</a> resulted in the introduction of a semi-final from 2004, with the contest becoming a two-day event.<a href="#cite_note-new_format-179">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010172–175-180">[175]</a> The top 10 countries in each year's final would qualify automatically to the following year's final, alongside the "Big Four", meaning all other countries would compete in the semi-final to compete for 10 qualification spots.<a href="#cite_note-Decade_Istanbul_04-172">[167]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2004" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2004">2004 contest</a> saw a record 36 countries competing, with new entries from <a href="/wiki/Albania_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Albania in the Eurovision Song Contest">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andorra_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Andorra in the Eurovision Song Contest">Andorra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Belarus in the Eurovision Song Contest">Belarus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Serbia and Montenegro in the Eurovision Song Contest">Serbia and Montenegro</a> and the return of previously relegated countries.<a href="#cite_note-Decade_Istanbul_04-172">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010177–179-181">[176]</a> The format of this semi-final remained similar to the final proper, taking place a few days before the final; following the performances and the voting window, the names of the 10 countries with the highest number of points, which would therefore qualify for the final, were announced at the end of the show, revealed in a random order by the contest's presenters.<a href="#cite_note-Decade_Istanbul_04-172">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010177–179-181">[176]</a> The single semi-final continued to be held between 2005 and 2007; however, with 42 countries competing in the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2007" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2007">2007 contest</a>, that year's semi-final had 28 entries competing for 10 spots in the final.<a href="#cite_note-182">[177]</a> Following criticism over the mainly Central and Eastern European qualifiers at the 2007 event and the poor performance of entries from Western European countries, a second semi-final was subsequently introduced for the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2008" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2008">2008 contest</a>, with all countries now competing in one of the two semi-finals, with only the host country and the "Big Four", and subsequently the "Big Five" from 2011, qualifying automatically.<a href="#cite_note-183">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-2_semis_announcements-184">[179]</a> 10 qualification spots would be available in each of the semi-finals, and a new system to split the competing countries between the two semi-finals was introduced based on their geographic location and previous voting patterns, in an attempt to reduce the impact of <a href="/wiki/Voting_bloc" title="Voting bloc">bloc voting</a> and to make the outcome less predictable.<a href="#cite_note-Semi-Final_Allocation-126">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-08_semi_draw-185">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010192–195-186">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Entries_and_participants">Entries and participants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Entries and participants">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_entries_(1956%E2%80%932003)" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest entries (1956–2003)">List of Eurovision Song Contest entries (1956–2003)</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_entries_(2004%E2%80%93present)" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest entries (2004–present)">List of Eurovision Song Contest entries (2004–present)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nemo_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024_Final_Malm%C3%B6_dress_rehearsal_semi_2_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Nemo_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024_Final_Malm%C3%B6_dress_rehearsal_semi_2_07.jpg/220px-Nemo_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024_Final_Malm%C3%B6_dress_rehearsal_semi_2_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Nemo_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024_Final_Malm%C3%B6_dress_rehearsal_semi_2_07.jpg/330px-Nemo_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024_Final_Malm%C3%B6_dress_rehearsal_semi_2_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Nemo_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024_Final_Malm%C3%B6_dress_rehearsal_semi_2_07.jpg/440px-Nemo_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024_Final_Malm%C3%B6_dress_rehearsal_semi_2_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5203" data-file-height="3468" /></a><figcaption>Swiss singer <a href="/wiki/Nemo_(singer)" title="Nemo (singer)">Nemo</a> is the most recent winner of the contest.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ABBA1974TopPop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/ABBA1974TopPop.jpg/220px-ABBA1974TopPop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/ABBA1974TopPop.jpg/330px-ABBA1974TopPop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/ABBA1974TopPop.jpg/440px-ABBA1974TopPop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4687" data-file-height="4716" /></a><figcaption>After winning the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1974" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1974">1974 contest</a> with the song "<a href="/wiki/Waterloo_(song)" title="Waterloo (song)">Waterloo</a>", the Swedish pop group <a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a> became one of the most commercially successful acts in the history of pop music.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurovision_Song_Contest_1980_-_Johnny_Logan_4_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white photograph of Johnny Logan performing on stage at the 1980 contest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1980_-_Johnny_Logan_4_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Eurovision_Song_Contest_1980_-_Johnny_Logan_4_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1980_-_Johnny_Logan_4_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Eurovision_Song_Contest_1980_-_Johnny_Logan_4_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1980_-_Johnny_Logan_4_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Eurovision_Song_Contest_1980_-_Johnny_Logan_4_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1784" data-file-height="2692" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Logan_(singer)" title="Johnny Logan (singer)">Johnny Logan</a> is the first performer to have won the contest twice, in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1980" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1980">1980</a> (pictured) and <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1987" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1987">1987</a>; he also wrote the winning song in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1992" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1992">1992</a>.</figcaption></figure> The contest has been used as a launching point for artists who went on to achieve worldwide fame, and several of <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">the world's best-selling artists</a> are counted among past Eurovision Song Contest participants and winning artists. <a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1974" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1974">1974</a> winners for Sweden, have sold an estimated 380 million albums and singles since their contest win brought them to worldwide attention, with their winning song "<a href="/wiki/Waterloo_(song)" title="Waterloo (song)">Waterloo</a>" selling over five million records.<a href="#cite_note-187">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[183]</a> <a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a>'s win for Switzerland in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1988" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1988">1988</a> helped launch her international career, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">anglophone</a> market, and she would go on to sell an estimated 200 million records worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-Dublin_88-145">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[184]</a> <a href="/wiki/Julio_Iglesias" title="Julio Iglesias">Julio Iglesias</a> was relatively unknown when he represented Spain in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1970" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1970">1970</a> and placed fourth, but worldwide success followed his Eurovision appearance, with an estimated 100 million records sold during his career.<a href="#cite_note-190">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[186]</a> Australian-British singer <a href="/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John" title="Olivia Newton-John">Olivia Newton-John</a> represented the United Kingdom in 1974, placing fourth behind ABBA, but went on to sell an estimated 100 million records, win four <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Awards</a>, and star in the critically and commercially successful <a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">musical film</a> <a href="/wiki/Grease_(film)" title="Grease (film)">Grease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[188]</a> A number of performers have competed in the contest after having already achieved considerable success. These include winning artists <a href="/wiki/Lulu_(singer)" title="Lulu (singer)">Lulu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-UK-194">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[190]</a> <a href="/wiki/Toto_Cutugno" title="Toto Cutugno">Toto Cutugno</a>,<a href="#cite_note-196">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[192]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Katrina_and_the_Waves" title="Katrina and the Waves">Katrina and the Waves</a>,<a href="#cite_note-UK-194">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[193]</a> and acts that failed to win such as <a href="/wiki/Nana_Mouskouri" title="Nana Mouskouri">Nana Mouskouri</a>,<a href="#cite_note-199">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[195]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cliff_Richard" title="Cliff Richard">Cliff Richard</a>,<a href="#cite_note-UK-194">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/Baccara" title="Baccara">Baccara</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Luxembourg_story-202">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[198]</a> <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Tozzi" title="Umberto Tozzi">Umberto Tozzi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-204">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[200]</a> <a href="/wiki/Plastic_Bertrand" title="Plastic Bertrand">Plastic Bertrand</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Luxembourg_story-202">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[201]</a> <a href="/wiki/T.A.T.u." title="T.A.T.u.">t.A.T.u.</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Decade_Riga_03-207">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-208">[203]</a> <a href="/wiki/Las_Ketchup" title="Las Ketchup">Las Ketchup</a>,<a href="#cite_note-209">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Kaas" title="Patricia Kaas">Patricia Kaas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-210">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Humperdinck_(singer)" title="Engelbert Humperdinck (singer)">Engelbert Humperdinck</a>,<a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-208">[203]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Tyler" title="Bonnie Tyler">Bonnie Tyler</a>,<a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flo_Rida" title="Flo Rida">Flo Rida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[210]</a> Many well-known composers and lyricists have penned entries of varying success over the years, including <a href="/wiki/Serge_Gainsbourg" title="Serge Gainsbourg">Serge Gainsbourg</a>,<a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/Goran_Bregovi%C4%87" title="Goran Bregović">Goran Bregović</a>,<a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Diane_Warren" title="Diane Warren">Diane Warren</a>,<a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a>,<a href="#cite_note-220">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[216]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pete_Waterman" title="Pete Waterman">Pete Waterman</a>,<a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[218]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Iommi" title="Tony Iommi">Tony Iommi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-224">[219]</a> as well as producers <a href="/wiki/Timbaland" title="Timbaland">Timbaland</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[220]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guy-Manuel_de_Homem-Christo" title="Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo">Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[221]</a> Past participants have contributed to other fields in addition to their music careers. The Netherlands' <a href="/wiki/Annie_M._G._Schmidt" class="mw-redirect" title="Annie M. G. Schmidt">Annie M. G. Schmidt</a>, lyricist of the first entry performed at Eurovision, has gained a worldwide reputation for her stories and earned the <a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen_Award" title="Hans Christian Andersen Award">Hans Christian Andersen Award</a> for children's literature.<a href="#cite_note-227">[222]</a> French "<a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9-y%C3%A9" title="Yé-yé">yé-yé</a> girls" <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Hardy" title="Françoise Hardy">Françoise Hardy</a> and contest winner <a href="/wiki/France_Gall" title="France Gall">France Gall</a> are household names of 1960s pop culture, with Hardy also being a pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Street_style" title="Street style">street style</a> fashion trends and an inspiration for the global <a href="/wiki/Youthquake_(movement)" title="Youthquake (movement)">youthquake</a> movement.<a href="#cite_note-228">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[225]</a> Figures who carved a career in politics and gained international acclaim for humanitarian achievements include contest winner <a href="/wiki/Dana_Rosemary_Scallon" title="Dana Rosemary Scallon">Dana</a> as a two-time <a href="/wiki/Irish_presidential_election" title="Irish presidential election">Irish presidential candidate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a> (MEP);<a href="#cite_note-231">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[227]</a> Nana Mouskouri as Greek MEP and a <a href="/wiki/List_of_UNICEF_Goodwill_Ambassadors" title="List of UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors">UNICEF international goodwill ambassador</a>;<a href="#cite_note-233">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[229]</a> contest winner <a href="/wiki/Ruslana" title="Ruslana">Ruslana</a> as member of <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a>, Ukraine's parliament and a figure of the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> protests, who gained global honours for leadership and courage;<a href="#cite_note-235">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-live-236">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[232]</a> and North Macedonia's <a href="/wiki/Esma_Red%C5%BEepova" title="Esma Redžepova">Esma Redžepova</a> as member of political parties and a two-time <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> nominee.<a href="#cite_note-238">[233]</a> Competing songs have occasionally gone on to become successes for their original performers and other artists, and some of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles" title="List of best-selling singles">best-selling singles</a> globally received their first international performances at Eurovision. "<a href="/wiki/Save_Your_Kisses_for_Me" title="Save Your Kisses for Me">Save Your Kisses for Me</a>", the winning song in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1976" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1976">1976</a> for the United Kingdom's <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Man" title="Brotherhood of Man">Brotherhood of Man</a>, went on to sell over six million singles, more than any other winning song.<a href="#cite_note-239">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest202095–96-240">[235]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Nel_blu,_dipinto_di_blu_(song)" title="Nel blu, dipinto di blu (song)">Nel blu, dipinto di blu</a>", also known as "Volare", Italy's third-placed song in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1958">1958</a> performed by <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Modugno" title="Domenico Modugno">Domenico Modugno</a>, is the only Eurovision entry to win a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Award</a>. It was the first Grammy winner for both <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Record of the Year">Record of the Year</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Song_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Song of the Year">Song of the Year</a> and it has since been recorded by various artists, topped the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Hot 100</a> in the United States and achieved combined sales of over 22 million copies worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-241">[236]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Eres_t%C3%BA" title="Eres tú">Eres tú</a>", performed by Spain's <a href="/wiki/Mocedades" title="Mocedades">Mocedades</a> and runner-up in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1973" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1973">1973</a>, became the first Spanish-language song to reach the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100,<a href="#cite_note-242">[237]</a> and the Grammy-nominated "<a href="/wiki/Ooh_Aah..._Just_a_Little_Bit" title="Ooh Aah... Just a Little Bit">Ooh Aah... Just a Little Bit</a>", which came eighth in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1996" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1996">1996</a> for the United Kingdom's <a href="/wiki/Gina_G" title="Gina G">Gina G</a>, sold 790,000 records and achieved success across Europe and the US, reaching #1 on the <a href="/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Singles Chart">UK Singles Chart</a> and peaking at #12 on the Billboard Hot 100.<a href="#cite_note-British_Hit_Singles_&_Albums-243">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[240]</a> The turn of the century has also seen numerous competing songs becoming successes. "<a href="/wiki/Euphoria_(Loreen_song)" title="Euphoria (Loreen song)">Euphoria</a>", <a href="/wiki/Loreen" title="Loreen">Loreen</a>'s winning song for Sweden in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2012" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2012">2012</a>, achieved Europe-wide success, reaching number one in several countries and by 2014 had become the most <a href="/wiki/Music_download" title="Music download">downloaded</a> Eurovision song to date.<a href="#cite_note-246">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[242]</a> The video for "<a href="/wiki/Occidentali%27s_Karma" title="Occidentali's Karma">Occidentali's Karma</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Gabbani" title="Francesco Gabbani">Francesco Gabbani</a>, which placed sixth for Italy in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2017" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2017">2017</a>, became the first Eurovision song to reach more than 200 million views on YouTube,<a href="#cite_note-248">[243]</a> while "<a href="/wiki/Soldi" title="Soldi">Soldi</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Mahmood_(singer)" title="Mahmood (singer)">Mahmood</a>, the Italian runner-up in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2019">2019</a>, was the most-streamed Eurovision song on <a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a> until it was overtaken by that year's winner for the Netherlands, "<a href="/wiki/Arcade_(song)" title="Arcade (song)">Arcade</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Laurence" title="Duncan Laurence">Duncan Laurence</a>, following <a href="/wiki/Viral_phenomenon" title="Viral phenomenon">viral success</a> on <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> in late 2020 and early 2021;<a href="#cite_note-249">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[245]</a> "Arcade" later became the first Eurovision song since "Ooh Aah... Just a Little Bit" and the first Eurovision winning song since "Save Your Kisses for Me" to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, eventually peaking at #30.<a href="#cite_note-251">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[248]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2021">2021 contest</a> saw the next major breakthrough success from Eurovision, with <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5neskin" title="Måneskin">Måneskin</a>, that year's winners for Italy with "<a href="/wiki/Zitti_e_buoni" title="Zitti e buoni">Zitti e buoni</a>", attracting worldwide attention across their repertoire immediately following their victory.<a href="#cite_note-254">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[251]</a> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Logan_(singer)" title="Johnny Logan (singer)">Johnny Logan</a> was the first artist to have won multiple contests as a performer, winning for Ireland in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1980" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1980">1980</a> with "<a href="/wiki/What%27s_Another_Year" title="What's Another Year">What's Another Year</a>", written by <a href="/wiki/Shay_Healy" title="Shay Healy">Shay Healy</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1987" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1987">1987</a> with the self-penned "<a href="/wiki/Hold_Me_Now_(Johnny_Logan_song)" title="Hold Me Now (Johnny Logan song)">Hold Me Now</a>". Logan was also the winning songwriter in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1992" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1992">1992</a> for the Irish winner, "<a href="/wiki/Why_Me%3F_(Linda_Martin_song)" title="Why Me? (Linda Martin song)">Why Me?</a>" performed by <a href="/wiki/Linda_Martin" title="Linda Martin">Linda Martin</a>, and has therefore achieved three contest victories as either a performer or writer.<a href="#cite_note-257">[252]</a> Four further songwriters have each written two contest-winning songs: <a href="/wiki/Willy_van_Hemert" title="Willy van Hemert">Willy van Hemert</a>, Yves Dessca, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_L%C3%B8vland" title="Rolf Løvland">Rolf Løvland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brendan_Graham" title="Brendan Graham">Brendan Graham</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010201-258">[253]</a> Following their introduction in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2004" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2004">2004</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Rybak" title="Alexander Rybak">Alexander Rybak</a> became the first artist to win multiple Eurovision semi-finals, finishing in first at the second semi-finals in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2009" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2009">2009</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2018" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2018">2018</a>; he remains the only entrant to have done so to date.<a href="#cite_note-259">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Winners">Winners</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Winners">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_winners" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest winners">List of Eurovision Song Contest winners</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurovision_winners_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Eurovision_winners_map.svg/290px-Eurovision_winners_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Eurovision_winners_map.svg/435px-Eurovision_winners_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Eurovision_winners_map.svg/580px-Eurovision_winners_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Each country's win record in the contest as of 2024.<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit">[update]</a></figcaption></figure> 71 songs from 27 countries have won the Eurovision Song Contest as of 2024.<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit">[update]</a><a href="#cite_note-Winners-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ireland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest">Sweden</a> have recorded the most wins with seven each, followed by <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="France in the Eurovision Song Contest">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest">Luxembourg</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest">United Kingdom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest">Netherlands</a> with five each.<a href="#cite_note-Facts_&_Figures-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Winners-10">[10]</a> Of the 52 countries to have taken part, 24<a href="#cite_note-261">[a]</a> have yet to win.<a href="#cite_note-ESC_History-19">[19]</a> Only one contest has featured multiple winners in a single year: in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1969" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1969">1969</a>, four countries<a href="#cite_note-262">[b]</a> finished the contest with an equal number of points and were all declared winners due to the lack of tiebreak rules at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Facts_&_Figures-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Madrid_69-263">[256]</a> A majority of winning songs have been performed in English, particularly since the rule requiring native-language songs was abolished in 1999: since then, only seven winning songs have been performed either fully or partially in a language other than English.<a href="#cite_note-ESC_History-19">[19]</a> Two countries have won the contest on their first appearance: <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Switzerland</a>, by virtue of winning the inaugural contest in 1956; and <a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Serbia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Serbia</a>, which won in 2007 with its first participation as an independent country, following previous entries in union with now-defunct countries <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Yugoslavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Serbia and Montenegro in the Eurovision Song Contest">Serbia and Montenegro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Helsinki_07-17">[17]</a> Other countries have had relatively short waits before winning their first contest, with <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest">Ukraine</a> winning on its second appearance in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2004" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2004">2004</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latvia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Latvia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Latvia</a> winning with its third entry in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2002" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2002">2002</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010208–209-264">[257]</a> Conversely, some countries have had considerable gaps between their debut entry and their first win: <a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest">Greece</a> recorded its first win in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2005" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2005">2005</a>, 31 years after its first appearance, while <a href="/wiki/Finland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Finland</a> ended a 45-year losing streak in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2006" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2006">2006</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010208–209-264">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-Countdown_Athens_06-265">[258]</a> <a href="/wiki/Portugal_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest">Portugal</a> holds the record for the most contest entries prior to its first win in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2017" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2017">2017</a>, coming 53 years after it first competed.<a href="#cite_note-266">[259]</a> Other countries have also had large gaps between their winning entries: Switzerland went 32 years between winning in 1956 and <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1988" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1988">1988</a>, and a further 36 years between then and winning in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2024">2024</a>; <a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest">Denmark</a> had a 37-year gap between its wins in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1963" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1963">1963</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2000" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2000">2000</a>; the Netherlands had a 44-year gap between its wins in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1975" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1975">1975</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2019">2019</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Austria_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest">Austria</a> achieved its second win in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2014" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2014">2014</a>, 48 years after its first in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1966" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1966">1966</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ESC_History-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010208–209-264">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[260]</a> The United Kingdom holds the record for runner-up placements, having finished second sixteen times.<a href="#cite_note-268">[261]</a> <a href="/wiki/Norway_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest">Norway</a> has finished last on a record twelve occasions, including scoring <a href="/wiki/Nul_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Nul points">nul points</a> four times; it shares the record for receiving this score with Austria.<a href="#cite_note-Facts_&_Figures-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[262]</a> Countries have recorded back-to-back wins on four occasions: <a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest">Spain</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1968" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1968">1968</a> and 1969; Luxembourg in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1972" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1972">1972</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1973" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1973">1973</a>; Israel in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1978" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1978">1978</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1979" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1979">1979</a>; and Ireland in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1992" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1992">1992</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1993" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1993">1993</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1994" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1994">1994</a>, becoming the first and only country to date to win three times in a row.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010208–209-264">[257]</a> Additionally, Ireland later won the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1996" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1996">1996 contest</a>, giving it a record four wins in the span of five years.<a href="#cite_note-270">[263]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurovision_trophy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Eurovision trophy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Eurovision_trophy.jpg/170px-Eurovision_trophy.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Eurovision_trophy.jpg/255px-Eurovision_trophy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Eurovision_trophy.jpg/340px-Eurovision_trophy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2430" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption>Replica of the Eurovision trophy in <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4xj%C3%B6" title="Växjö">Växjö</a>, Sweden</figcaption></figure> The winning artists and songwriters receive a trophy, which since 2008 has followed a standard design: a handmade piece of sandblasted glass with painted details in the shape of a 1950s-style <a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphone</a>, designed by Kjell Engman of the Swedish-based glassworks <a href="/wiki/Kosta_Boda" title="Kosta Boda">Kosta Boda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Trophy-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[264]</a> The trophy is typically presented by the previous year's winner; others who have handed out the award in the past include representatives from the host broadcaster or the EBU, and politicians; in 2007, the fictional character <a href="/wiki/Joulupukki" title="Joulupukki">Joulupukki</a> (original <a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a> from Finland) presented the award to the winner <a href="/wiki/Marija_%C5%A0erifovi%C4%87" title="Marija Šerifović">Marija Šerifović</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Helsinki_07-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010216-272">[265]</a> Some artists participating in the Eurovision Song Contest have appeared in it more than once during different editions of the event at smaller or larger intervals. The current record for the break between performances at the Eurovision Song Contest belongs to <a href="/wiki/Justyna_Steczkowska" title="Justyna Steczkowska">Justyna Steczkowska</a> from <a href="/wiki/Poland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Poland</a> as it is 30 years to the day, so from May 13, 1995 to May 13, 2025. The previous record of 24 years between participations of the same artist was held by the singer <a href="/wiki/Anna_Vissi" title="Anna Vissi">Anna Vissi</a> from <a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest">Greece</a> and was 24 years referring to the period between 1982 and 2006 despite representing two different countries in those years, namely <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest">Cyprus</a> in 1982 and <a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest">Greece</a> in 2006. The new record set by <a href="/wiki/Justyna_Steczkowska" title="Justyna Steczkowska">Justyna Steczkowska</a> concerns only one country, namely <a href="/wiki/Poland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Poland</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[267]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interval_acts_and_guest_appearances">Interval acts and guest appearances</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Interval acts and guest appearances">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Riverdance_cast,_2019_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Riverdance cast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Riverdance_cast%2C_2019_crop.jpg/220px-Riverdance_cast%2C_2019_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Riverdance_cast%2C_2019_crop.jpg/330px-Riverdance_cast%2C_2019_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Riverdance_cast%2C_2019_crop.jpg/440px-Riverdance_cast%2C_2019_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2132" data-file-height="1492" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Riverdance" title="Riverdance">Riverdance</a> (cast pictured at the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin in 2019) was the interval act at the 1994 contest.</figcaption></figure> Alongside the song contest and appearances from local and international personalities, performances from non-competing artists and musicians have been included since the first edition,<a href="#cite_note-Iconic_intervals-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[268]</a> and have become a staple of the live show.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010216-272">[265]</a> These performances have varied widely, previously featuring music, art, dance and circus performances, and past participants are regularly invited to perform, with the reigning champion traditionally returning each year to perform the previous year's winning song.<a href="#cite_note-Iconic_intervals-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[269]</a> The contest's opening performance and the main interval act, held following the final competing song and before the announcement of the voting results, has become a memorable part of the contest and has included both internationally known artists and local stars. Contest organisers have previously used these performances as a way to explore their country's culture and history, such as in "4,000 Years of Greek Song" at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2006" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2006">2006 contest</a> held in Greece;<a href="#cite_note-277">[270]</a> other performances have been more comedic in nature, featuring parody and humour, as was the case with "Love Love Peace Peace" in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2016" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2016">2016</a>, a humorous ode to the history and spectacle of the contest itself.<a href="#cite_note-Love_Love_Peace_Peace-278">[271]</a> <a href="/wiki/Riverdance" title="Riverdance">Riverdance</a>, which later became one of the most successful dance productions in the world, first began as the interval performance at the 1994 contest in Ireland; the seven-minute performance of <a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">traditional Irish music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_dance" title="Irish dance">dance</a> was later expanded into a full stage show that has been seen by over 25 million people worldwide and provided a launchpad for its lead dancers <a href="/wiki/Michael_Flatley" title="Michael Flatley">Michael Flatley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Butler" title="Jean Butler">Jean Butler</a>.<a href="#cite_note-279">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[273]</a> Among other artists who have performed in a non-competitive manner are Danish <a href="/wiki/Europop" title="Europop">Europop</a> group <a href="/wiki/Aqua_(band)" title="Aqua (band)">Aqua</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2001" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2001">2001</a>,<a href="#cite_note-281">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[275]</a> Finnish cello metal band <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptica" title="Apocalyptica">Apocalyptica</a> in 2007,<a href="#cite_note-283">[276]</a> Russian pop duo <a href="/wiki/T.A.T.u." title="T.A.T.u.">t.A.T.u.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2009" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2009">2009</a>,<a href="#cite_note-284">[277]</a> and American entertainers <a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2016" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2016">2016</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2019">2019</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-285">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[280]</a> Other notable artists, including <a href="/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil" title="Cirque du Soleil">Cirque du Soleil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2009" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2009">2009</a>), <a href="/wiki/Alexandrov_Ensemble" title="Alexandrov Ensemble">Alexandrov Ensemble</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2009" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2009">2009</a>), <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Boys%27_Choir" title="Vienna Boys' Choir">Vienna Boys' Choir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1967" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1967">1967</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2015" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2015">2015</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Fire_of_Anatolia" title="Fire of Anatolia">Fire of Anatolia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2004" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2004">2004</a>), also performed on the Eurovision stage,<a href="#cite_note-288">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[282]</a> and there have been guest appearances from well-known faces from outside the world of music, including actors, athletes, and serving astronauts and cosmonauts.<a href="#cite_note-Decade_Kyiv_05-290">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-Decade_Riga_03-207">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[285]</a> Guest performances have been used as a channel in response to global events happening concurrently with the contest. The <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1999" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1999">1999 contest</a> in Israel closed with all competing acts performing a rendition of Israel's <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1979" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1979">1979</a> winning song "<a href="/wiki/Hallelujah_(Milk_and_Honey_song)" title="Hallelujah (Milk and Honey song)">Hallelujah</a>" as a tribute to the victims of the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">war in the Balkans</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010156–159-110">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[286]</a> a dance performance entitled "The Grey People" in 2016's first semi-final was devoted to the <a href="/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">European migrant crisis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-294">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[289]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2022">2022 contest</a> featured known anti-war songs "<a href="/wiki/Fragile_(Sting_song)" title="Fragile (Sting song)">Fragile</a>", "<a href="/wiki/People_Have_the_Power" title="People Have the Power">People Have the Power</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Give_Peace_a_Chance" title="Give Peace a Chance">Give Peace a Chance</a>" in response to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> that same year,<a href="#cite_note-297">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[291]</a> and an interval act in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">2023</a>'s first semi-final alluded to the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian refugee crisis (2022–present)">refugee crisis</a> caused by the aforementioned invasion.<a href="#cite_note-299">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[293]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:ESC2016_Grand_Final_Interval_Act_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Love Love Peace Peace" at the 2016 final, performed by presenters Petra Mede and Måns Zelmerlöw, depicted several memorable moments from Eurovision history."><img alt="Photograph of performance of "Love Love Peace Peace" at the 2016 final: Petra Mede and Måns Zelmerlöw perform on stage surrounded by performers dressed in costumes of past Eurovision acts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/ESC2016_Grand_Final_Interval_Act_18.jpg/800px-ESC2016_Grand_Final_Interval_Act_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/ESC2016_Grand_Final_Interval_Act_18.jpg/1200px-ESC2016_Grand_Final_Interval_Act_18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/ESC2016_Grand_Final_Interval_Act_18.jpg/1600px-ESC2016_Grand_Final_Interval_Act_18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5412" data-file-height="2028" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:ESC2016_Grand_Final_Interval_Act_18.jpg" title="File:ESC2016 Grand Final Interval Act 18.jpg"> </a></div>"Love Love Peace Peace" at the 2016 final, performed by presenters <a href="/wiki/Petra_Mede" title="Petra Mede">Petra Mede</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5ns_Zelmerl%C3%B6w" title="Måns Zelmerlöw">Måns Zelmerlöw</a>, depicted several memorable moments from Eurovision history.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_and_controversy">Criticism and controversy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Criticism and controversy">edit</a>]</div> The contest has been the subject of considerable criticism regarding both its musical content and what has been reported to be a political element to the event, and several controversial moments have been witnessed over the course of its history.<a href="#cite_note-301">[294]</a> British historian <a href="/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt">Tony Judt</a> wrote in 2006 that Eurovision became in the 1970s and 1980s "the most widely celebrated object of ridicule" on public television because it "was so stunningly banal in conception and execution as to defy parody." Judt dismissed the singers as "a stream of inept performers" who would in most cases return to "the obscurity from whence they briefly emerged."<a href="#cite_note-302">[295]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_style_and_presentation">Musical style and presentation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Musical style and presentation">edit</a>]</div> Criticism has been levied against the musical quality of past competing entries, with a perception that certain music styles seen as being presented more often than others in an attempt to appeal to as many potential voters as possible among the international audience.<a href="#cite_note-How_to_win-303">[296]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sentimental_ballad#Power_ballads" title="Sentimental ballad">Power ballads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_music#Europe" title="Folk music">folk</a> rhythms and <a href="/wiki/Bubblegum_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Bubblegum pop">bubblegum pop</a> have been considered staples of the contest in recent years, leading to allegations that the event has become formulaic.<a href="#cite_note-304">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fringe-305">[298]</a> Other traits in past competing entries which have regularly been mocked by media and viewers include an abundance of <a href="/wiki/Modulation_(music)" title="Modulation (music)">key changes</a> and lyrics about love and/or peace, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Non-native_pronunciations_of_English" title="Non-native pronunciations of English">pronunciation of English by non-native users of the language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-How_to_win-303">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[300]</a> Given Eurovision is principally a television show, over the years competing performances have attempted to attract the viewers' attention through means other than music, and elaborate <a href="/wiki/Stage_lighting" title="Stage lighting">lighting displays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyrotechnics" title="Pyrotechnics">pyrotechnics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Extravaganza" title="Extravaganza">extravagant</a> on-stage theatrics and costumes having become a common sight at recent contests;<a href="#cite_note-308">[301]</a> criticism of these tactics have been levied as being a method of distracting the viewer from the weak musical quality of some of the competing entries.<a href="#cite_note-Antes_cursi-309">[302]</a> While many of these traits are ridiculed in the media and elsewhere, for others these traits are celebrated and considered an integral part of what makes the contest appealing.<a href="#cite_note-310">[303]</a> Although many of the competing acts each year will fall into some of the categories above, the contest has seen a diverse range of musical styles in its history, including rock, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">R&B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_music" title="Avant-garde music">avant-garde</a>.<a href="#cite_note-311">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_controversies">Political controversies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Political controversies">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Controversies_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Controversies of the Eurovision Song Contest">Controversies of the Eurovision Song Contest</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calls_for_boycott_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A painted mural on a wall on a street in Girona, Spain: the Eurovision trophy appears covered in barbed wire surrounded by tower blocks, with the words "#BoycottEurovision2019" above, and "Free Palestine" in English and Arabic to the top left" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Calls_for_boycott_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019_%28crop%29.jpg/220px-Calls_for_boycott_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Calls_for_boycott_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019_%28crop%29.jpg/330px-Calls_for_boycott_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Calls_for_boycott_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019_%28crop%29.jpg/440px-Calls_for_boycott_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2373" data-file-height="1962" /></a><figcaption>A mural in <a href="/wiki/Girona" title="Girona">Girona</a> promoting a boycott of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2019">2019 contest</a> in Israel</figcaption></figure> As artists and songs ultimately represent a country, the contest has seen several controversial moments where political tensions between competing countries as a result of <a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">frozen conflicts</a>, and in some cases open warfare, are reflected in the performances and voting.<a href="#cite_note-316">[309]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">conflict</a> between <a href="/wiki/Armenia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Armenia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Armenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Azerbaijan in the Eurovision Song Contest">Azerbaijan</a> has affected the contest on numerous occasions. <a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_relations_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan relations in the Eurovision Song Contest">Conflicts between the two countries at Eurovision</a> escalated quickly since both countries began competing in the late 2000s, resulting in fines and disciplinary action for both countries' broadcasters over political stunts, and a forced change of title for one competing song due to allegations of political subtext.<a href="#cite_note-ararat-diplomacy-317">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[312]</a> Interactions between <a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest">Ukraine</a> in the contest had originally been positive, but as <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">political relations</a> soured between the two countries so, too, have <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Russia–Ukraine relations in the Eurovision Song Contest">relations at Eurovision</a> become more complex. Complaints were levied against <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2016" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016">Ukraine</a>'s winning song in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2016" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2016">2016</a>, "<a href="/wiki/1944_(song)" title="1944 (song)">1944</a>", whose lyrics referenced the <a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">deportation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a>, but which the <a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2016" title="Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016">Russian delegation</a> claimed had a greater political meaning in light of <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Russia's annexation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-320">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[314]</a> As <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2017" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017">Ukraine</a> prepared to host the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2017" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2017">following year's contest</a>, Russia's selected representative, <a href="/wiki/Yuliya_Samoylova_(singer)" title="Yuliya Samoylova (singer)">Yuliya Samoylova</a>, was barred from entering the country due to having previously entered Crimea illegally according to Ukrainian law.<a href="#cite_note-322">[315]</a> Russia eventually pulled out of the contest after offers for Samoylova to perform remotely were refused by Russia's broadcaster, <a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel One Russia">Channel One Russia</a>, resulting in the EBU reprimanding the Ukrainian broadcaster, <a href="/wiki/UA:PBC" class="mw-redirect" title="UA:PBC">UA:PBC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-323">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[317]</a> In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> and subsequent protests from other participating countries, <a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Russia</a> was barred from competing in the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2022">2022 contest</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Ukraine</a> went on to win.<a href="#cite_note-325">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-327">[320]</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2009" title="Georgia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009">Georgia</a>'s planned entry for the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2009" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2009">2009 contest</a> in Moscow, Russia, "We Don't Wanna Put In", caused controversy as the lyrics appeared to criticise <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, in a move seen as opposition to the then-<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Russian prime minister</a> in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a>. After requests by the EBU for changes to the lyrics were refused, Georgia's broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Public_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian Public Broadcasting">GPB</a> subsequently withdrew from the event.<a href="#cite_note-328">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2020253–257-329">[322]</a> <a href="/wiki/Belarus_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021" title="Belarus in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021">Belarus</a>' planned entry in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2021">2021</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Ya_nauchu_tebya_(I%27ll_Teach_You)" title="Ya nauchu tebya (I'll Teach You)">Ya nauchu tebya (I'll Teach You)</a>", also caused controversy in the wake of <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">demonstrations</a> against disputed <a href="/wiki/2020_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2020 Belarusian presidential election">election</a> results, resulting in the country's disqualification when the aforementioned song and another potential song were deemed to breach the contest's rules on neutrality and politicisation.<a href="#cite_note-Belarus_2021-330">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[324]</a> <a href="/wiki/Israel_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest">Israel</a>'s participation in the contest has resulted in several controversial moments in the past, with the country's first appearance in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1973" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1973">1973</a>, less than a year after the <a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a>, resulting in an increased security presence at the venue in <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201052–55-332">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-Luxembourg_73-107">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest202083–86-333">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[327]</a> <a href="/wiki/Israel_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1978" title="Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1978">Israel</a>'s first win in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1978" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1978">1978</a> proved controversial for <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab states</a> broadcasting the contest which would typically cut to <a href="/wiki/Television_advertisement" title="Television advertisement">advertisements</a> when Israel performed due to a lack of <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Israel" title="International recognition of Israel">recognition of the country</a>, and when it became apparent Israel would win, many of these broadcasters cut the feed before the end of the voting.<a href="#cite_note-Paris_78-335">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201072–75-336">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-Roxburgh_2-337">[330]</a> Arab states which are eligible to compete have declined to participate due to Israel's presence, with <a href="/wiki/Morocco_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Morocco in the Eurovision Song Contest">Morocco</a> the only Arab state to have entered Eurovision, competing for the first, and as of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit">[update]</a> the only time, in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1980" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1980">1980</a> when Israel was absent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201080–83-338">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Hague_80-339">[332]</a> Israeli participation has been criticised by those who oppose current <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Israel" title="Cabinet of Israel">government</a> policies in the state, with calls raised by various political groups for a boycott ahead of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2019">2019 contest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, including proponents of the <a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions</a> (BDS) movement in response to the country's policies towards <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>, as well as groups who take issue with perceived <a href="/wiki/Pinkwashing_(LGBT)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinkwashing (LGBT)">pinkwashing</a> in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-340">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[334]</a> Others campaigned against a boycott, asserting that any cultural boycott would be antithetical to advancing peace in the region.<a href="#cite_note-342">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[336]</a> Israel's participation in the contest was again put into question following the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a> in October 2023, with <a href="/wiki/Israel_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024#Calls_for_exclusion" title="Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024">renewed calls for the nation's exclusion</a> ahead of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2024">2024 event</a>.<a href="#cite_note-344">[337]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_(Eden_Golan_song)" title="Hurricane (Eden Golan song)">Israel's entry for that year's contest</a> was, however, accepted by the EBU,<a href="#cite_note-345">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[339]</a> although it was required to undergo rewrites as the EBU objected to the political nature of the original lyrics, which made reference to the <a href="/wiki/October_7_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="October 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel">7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-347">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[342]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_and_geographical_voting">Political and geographical voting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Political and geographical voting">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:904px;max-width:904px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:902px;max-width:902px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:The_collusion_between_countries_in_Eurovision_1997_to_2017.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Voting preferences in Eurovision 1997 to 2017" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_collusion_between_countries_in_Eurovision_1997_to_2017.png/900px-The_collusion_between_countries_in_Eurovision_1997_to_2017.png" decoding="async" width="900" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_collusion_between_countries_in_Eurovision_1997_to_2017.png/1350px-The_collusion_between_countries_in_Eurovision_1997_to_2017.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_collusion_between_countries_in_Eurovision_1997_to_2017.png/1800px-The_collusion_between_countries_in_Eurovision_1997_to_2017.png 2x" data-file-width="1884" data-file-height="251" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Voting preferences between countries in Eurovision between 1997 and 2017</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:902px;max-width:902px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Mutual_neglect_of_score_allocations_in_the_Eurovision_2010_to_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Neglect in Eurovision 2010 to 2015" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mutual_neglect_of_score_allocations_in_the_Eurovision_2010_to_2015.png/900px-Mutual_neglect_of_score_allocations_in_the_Eurovision_2010_to_2015.png" decoding="async" width="900" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mutual_neglect_of_score_allocations_in_the_Eurovision_2010_to_2015.png/1350px-Mutual_neglect_of_score_allocations_in_the_Eurovision_2010_to_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Mutual_neglect_of_score_allocations_in_the_Eurovision_2010_to_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="443" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Mutual neglect of score allocations in Eurovision between 2010 and 2015</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Produced using the methods presented by Mantzaris, Rein, and Hopkins:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMantzarisReinHopkins2018a-350">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMantzarisReinHopkins2018b-351">[344]</a> a network of the significant score deviations can be viewed over a time period of interest. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Southwest   <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Northwest   <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  North   <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Central   <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Southeast   <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  East</div></div></div></div> The contest has been described as containing political elements in its voting process, a perception that countries will give votes more frequently and in higher quantities to other countries based on political relationships, rather than the musical merits of the songs themselves.<a href="#cite_note-352">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[346]</a> Numerous studies and academic papers have been written on this subject, which have corroborated that certain countries form "clusters" or "cliques" by frequently voting in the same way; one study concludes that <a href="/wiki/Voting_bloc" title="Voting bloc">voting blocs</a> can play a crucial role in deciding the winner of the contest, with evidence that on at least two occasions bloc voting was a pivotal factor in the vote for the winning song.<a href="#cite_note-354">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[348]</a> Other views on these "blocs" argue that certain countries will allocate high points to others based on similar musical tastes, shared cultural links and a high degree of similarity and <a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">mutual intelligibility</a> between languages, and are therefore more likely to appreciate and vote for the competing songs from these countries based on these factors, rather than political relationships specifically.<a href="#cite_note-356">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-Spierdijk/Vellekoop-357">[350]</a> Analysis on other voting patterns have revealed examples which indicate voting preferences among countries based on shared religion, as well as "patriotic voting", particularly since the introduction of televoting in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1997" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1997">1997</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">foreign nationals</a> vote for their country of origin.<a href="#cite_note-Spierdijk/Vellekoop-357">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[351]</a> Voting patterns in the contest have been reported by news publishers, including <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>.<a href="#cite_note-359">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-360">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-361">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[355]</a> Criticism of the voting system was at its highest in the mid-2000s, resulting in a number of calls for countries to boycott the contest over reported voting biases, particularly following the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2007" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2007">2007 contest</a> where Eastern European countries occupied the top 15 places in the final and dominated the qualifying spaces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010188–191-363">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2020241–245-364">[357]</a> The poor performance of the entries from more traditional Eurovision countries had subsequently been discussed in European national parliaments, and the developments in the voting was cited as among the reasons for the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Terry_Wogan" title="Terry Wogan">Terry Wogan</a> as commentator for the UK, a role he had performed at every contest from <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1980" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1980">1980</a>.<a href="#cite_note-365">[358]</a><a href="#cite_note-366">[359]</a><a href="#cite_note-367">[360]</a> In response to this criticism, the EBU introduced a second semi-final in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2008" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2008">2008</a>, with countries split based on geographic proximity and voting history, and juries of music professionals were reintroduced in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2009" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2009">2009</a>, in an effort to reduce the impacts of bloc voting.<a href="#cite_note-2010_jury_semis-142">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jury_09_final-141">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-Revamp-368">[361]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_visibility">LGBT visibility</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: LGBT visibility">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_visibility_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT visibility in the Eurovision Song Contest">LGBT visibility in the Eurovision Song Contest</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dana_International_op_Het_Grote_Songfestivalfeest_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Dana International during a performance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Dana_International_op_Het_Grote_Songfestivalfeest_2019.jpg/170px-Dana_International_op_Het_Grote_Songfestivalfeest_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Dana_International_op_Het_Grote_Songfestivalfeest_2019.jpg/255px-Dana_International_op_Het_Grote_Songfestivalfeest_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Dana_International_op_Het_Grote_Songfestivalfeest_2019.jpg/340px-Dana_International_op_Het_Grote_Songfestivalfeest_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="3825" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dana_International" title="Dana International">Dana International</a>, the contest's first <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">trans</a> participant, and winner of the 1998 contest for Israel</figcaption></figure> Eurovision has had a long-held fan base in the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_community" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT community">LGBT community</a>, and contest organisers have actively worked to include these fans in the event since the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-369">[362]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Oscar" title="Paul Oscar">Paul Oscar</a> became the contest's first openly <a href="/wiki/Gay_men" title="Gay men">gay</a> artist to compete when he represented <a href="/wiki/Iceland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1997" title="Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997">Iceland</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1997" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1997">1997</a>. <a href="/wiki/Israel_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1998" title="Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1998">Israel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dana_International" title="Dana International">Dana International</a>, the contest's first <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">trans</a> performer, became the first LGBT artist to win in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1998" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1998">1998</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2020191–195-370">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-Birmingham_98-139">[134]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2021">2021</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikkie_de_Jager" title="Nikkie de Jager">Nikkie de Jager</a> became the first trans person to host the contest.<a href="#cite_note-371">[364]</a> Several open members of the LGBT community have since gone on to compete and win: <a href="/wiki/Conchita_Wurst" title="Conchita Wurst">Conchita Wurst</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Drag_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drag (clothing)">drag</a> persona of openly gay Thomas Neuwirth, won the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2014" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2014">2014 contest</a> for <a href="/wiki/Austria_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2014" title="Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014">Austria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-372">[365]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marija_%C5%A0erifovi%C4%87" title="Marija Šerifović">Marija Šerifović</a>, who won the 2007 contest for <a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2007" title="Serbia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007">Serbia</a>, subsequently came out publicly as a lesbian in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-373">[366]</a> Openly <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a> performer <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Laurence" title="Duncan Laurence">Duncan Laurence</a> was the winner of the 2019 contest for the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019" title="Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019">Netherlands</a>;<a href="#cite_note-374">[367]</a> and rock band <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5neskin" title="Måneskin">Måneskin</a>, winners of the 2021 contest for <a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021" title="Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021">Italy</a>, features openly bisexual <a href="/wiki/Victoria_De_Angelis" title="Victoria De Angelis">Victoria De Angelis</a> as its bassist.<a href="#cite_note-375">[368]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nemo_(singer)" title="Nemo (singer)">Nemo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024" title="Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024">Swiss</a> entrant in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2024">2024</a>, was the first <a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">non-binary</a> winner.<a href="#cite_note-376">[369]</a> Past competing songs and performances have included references and allusions to <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_relationships" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex relationships">same-sex relationships</a>; "<a href="/wiki/Nous_les_amoureux" title="Nous les amoureux">Nous les amoureux</a>", the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1961" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1961">1961</a> winning song, contained references to the difficulties faced by a homosexual relationship;<a href="#cite_note-377">[370]</a> <a href="/wiki/Krista_Siegfrids" title="Krista Siegfrids">Krista Siegfrids</a>' performance of "Marry Me" at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2013" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2013">2013 contest</a> included a same-sex kiss with one of her female backing dancers;<a href="#cite_note-378">[371]</a> and the stage show of <a href="/wiki/Ireland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2018" title="Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018">Ireland</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ryan_O%27Shaughnessy" title="Ryan O'Shaughnessy">Ryan O'Shaughnessy</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Together_(Ryan_O%27Shaughnessy_song)" title="Together (Ryan O'Shaughnessy song)">Together</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2018" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2018">2018</a> had two male dancers portraying a same-sex relationship.<a href="#cite_note-379">[372]</a> <a href="/wiki/Drag_queen" title="Drag queen">Drag performers</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2007" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007">Ukraine</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Verka_Serduchka" title="Verka Serduchka">Verka Serduchka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2007" title="Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007">Denmark</a>'s <a href="/wiki/DQ_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="DQ (artist)">DQ</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2002" title="Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2002">Slovenia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sestre_(drag_act)" title="Sestre (drag act)">Sestre</a>, have appeared, including Wurst winning in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-380">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-381">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-382">[375]</a> In recent years, various political ideologies across Europe have clashed in the Eurovision setting, particularly on <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Europe">LGBT rights</a>. Dana International's selection for the 1998 contest in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> was marked by objections and death threats from orthodox <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">religious sections of Israeli society</a>, and at the contest her accommodation was reportedly in the only hotel in Birmingham with bulletproof windows.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010152–155-383">[376]</a><a href="#cite_note-384">[377]</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkey_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest">Turkey</a>, once a regular participant and a one-time winner, first pulled out of the contest in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2013" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2013">2013</a>, citing dissatisfaction in the voting rules and more recently Turkish broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Turkish Radio and Television Corporation">TRT</a> have cited LGBT performances as another reason for their continued boycott, refusing to broadcast the 2013 event over <a href="/wiki/Finland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2013" title="Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013">Finland</a>'s same sex kiss.<a href="#cite_note-Turkey_LGBT-177">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-385">[378]</a><a href="#cite_note-386">[379]</a> LGBT visibility in the contest has been cited as a deciding factor for <a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest">Hungary</a>'s non-participation since <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2020" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2020">2020</a>, although no official reason was given by the Hungarian broadcaster <a href="/wiki/MTVA_(Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTVA (Hungary)">MTVA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-387">[380]</a><a href="#cite_note-388">[381]</a> The rise of <a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-LGBTQ sentiment">anti-LGBTQ sentiment</a> in Europe has led to a marked increase in <a href="/wiki/Booing" title="Booing">booing</a> from contest audiences, particularly since the introduction of a <a href="/wiki/Russian_gay_propaganda_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian gay propaganda law">"gay propaganda" law in Russia</a> in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2020283–286-389">[382]</a><a href="#cite_note-390">[383]</a> <a href="/wiki/Conchita_Wurst#International_response" title="Conchita Wurst">Conchita Wurst's win was met with criticism</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Russia" title="Politics of Russia">Russian political</a> stage, with several <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Conservatism in Russia">conservative</a> politicians voicing displeasure in the result.<a href="#cite_note-391">[384]</a> Clashes on LGBT visibility in the contest have occurred in countries which do not compete, such as in <a href="/wiki/China_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="mw-redirect" title="China in the Eurovision Song Contest">China</a>, where broadcasting rights were terminated during the 2018 contest due to <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">censorship</a> of "abnormal sexual relationships and behaviours" that went against Chinese broadcasting guidelines.<a href="#cite_note-392">[385]</a><a href="#cite_note-393">[386]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_influence">Cultural influence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Cultural influence">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fan_media_at_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Fan_media_at_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024.jpg/220px-Fan_media_at_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Fan_media_at_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024.jpg/330px-Fan_media_at_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Fan_media_at_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024.jpg/440px-Fan_media_at_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>Fan media working at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2024">2024 contest</a> in Malmö</figcaption></figure> The Eurovision Song Contest has amassed a global following and sees annual audience figures of between 100 and 600 million.<a href="#cite_note-394">[387]</a><a href="#cite_note-395">[388]</a> The contest has become a cultural influence worldwide since its first years. It is regularly described as having <a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">kitsch</a> appeal, and is included as a topic of parody in television <a href="/wiki/Sketch_comedy" title="Sketch comedy">sketches</a> and in stage performances at the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe">Edinburgh Fringe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_International_Comedy_Festival" title="Melbourne International Comedy Festival">Melbourne Comedy</a> festivals amongst others.<a href="#cite_note-Fringe-305">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-Antes_cursi-309">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaykoffTobin20169-396">[389]</a><a href="#cite_note-397">[390]</a> Several films have been created which celebrate the contest, including <a href="/wiki/Eytan_Fox" title="Eytan Fox">Eytan Fox</a>'s 2013 Israeli comedy <a href="/wiki/Cupcakes_(film)" title="Cupcakes (film)">Cupcakes</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> 2020 musical comedy, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest:_The_Story_of_Fire_Saga" title="Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga">Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga</a>, produced with backing from the EBU and starring <a href="/wiki/Will_Ferrell" title="Will Ferrell">Will Ferrell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rachel_McAdams" title="Rachel McAdams">Rachel McAdams</a>.<a href="#cite_note-398">[391]</a><a href="#cite_note-399">[392]</a><a href="#cite_note-400">[393]</a> Eurovision has a large online following and multiple independent websites, news blogs and <a href="/wiki/Fan_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Fan clubs">fan clubs</a> are dedicated to the event.<a href="#cite_note-401">[394]</a> One of the oldest and largest Eurovision fan clubs is <a href="/wiki/OGAE" title="OGAE">OGAE</a>, founded in 1984 in Finland and currently a network of over 40 national branches across the world. National branches regularly host events to promote and celebrate Eurovision, and several participating broadcasters work closely with these branches when preparing their entries.<a href="#cite_note-402">[395]</a> In the run-up to each year's contest, several countries regularly host smaller events between the conclusion of the national selection shows in March and the contest proper in May, known as the "pre-parties". These events typically feature the artists which will go on to compete at that year's contest, and consist of performances at a venue and meet-and-greets with fans and the press. Eurovision in Concert, held annually in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, was one of the first of these events to be created, holding its first edition in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-403">[396]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[397]</a> Other events held regularly include the London Eurovision Party, PrePartyES in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, and Israel Calling in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-405">[398]</a><a href="#cite_note-406">[399]</a><a href="#cite_note-407">[400]</a> Several community events have been held virtually, particularly since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe in 2020, among these <a href="/wiki/EurovisionAgain" title="EurovisionAgain">EurovisionAgain</a>, an initiative where fans watched and discussed past contests in sync on YouTube and other social media platforms. Launched during the first <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">COVID-19 lockdowns</a>, the event subsequently became a <a href="/wiki/Twitter_trends" class="mw-redirect" title="Twitter trends">top trend on Twitter</a> across Europe and facilitated over <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>20,000 in donations for UK-based <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a>Q+ charities.<a href="#cite_note-408">[401]</a><a href="#cite_note-409">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eurovision_Again_BtS-157">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_events_and_related_competitions">Special events and related competitions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Special events and related competitions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Destiny_Chukunyere_at_stage_of_JESC_2015_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Destiny_Chukunyere_at_stage_of_JESC_2015_%282%29.jpg/220px-Destiny_Chukunyere_at_stage_of_JESC_2015_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Destiny_Chukunyere_at_stage_of_JESC_2015_%282%29.jpg/330px-Destiny_Chukunyere_at_stage_of_JESC_2015_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Destiny_Chukunyere_at_stage_of_JESC_2015_%282%29.jpg/440px-Destiny_Chukunyere_at_stage_of_JESC_2015_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2449" data-file-height="1633" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Destiny_Chukunyere" class="mw-redirect" title="Destiny Chukunyere">Destiny Chukunyere</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Junior_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2015" title="Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2015">2015 edition</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Junior_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Junior Eurovision Song Contest">Junior Eurovision Song Contest</a> for <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hosts_of_the_Eurovision_Greatest_Hits.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Hosts_of_the_Eurovision_Greatest_Hits.jpg/220px-Hosts_of_the_Eurovision_Greatest_Hits.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Hosts_of_the_Eurovision_Greatest_Hits.jpg/330px-Hosts_of_the_Eurovision_Greatest_Hits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Hosts_of_the_Eurovision_Greatest_Hits.jpg/440px-Hosts_of_the_Eurovision_Greatest_Hits.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Hosts <a href="/wiki/Graham_Norton" title="Graham Norton">Graham Norton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petra_Mede" title="Petra Mede">Petra Mede</a> during <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest%27s_Greatest_Hits" title="Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits">Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits</a>, a special event marking the contest's 60th anniversary</figcaption></figure> Several anniversary events, and related contests under the "Eurovision Live Events" brand, have been organised by the EBU with its member broadcasters.<a href="#cite_note-410">[403]</a> In addition, participating broadcasters have occasionally commissioned special Eurovision programmes for their home audiences, and a number of other imitator contests have been developed outside of the EBU framework, on both a national and international level.<a href="#cite_note-411">[404]</a><a href="#cite_note-412">[405]</a> The EBU has held several events to mark selected anniversaries in the contest's history: <a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Europe_(1981_concert)" title="Songs of Europe (1981 concert)">Songs of Europe</a>, held in 1981 to celebrate its twenty-fifth anniversary, had live performances and video recordings of all Eurovision Song Contest winners up to 1981;<a href="#cite_note-413">[406]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201087-414">[407]</a> <a href="/wiki/Congratulations:_50_Years_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest">Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest</a> was organised in 2005 to celebrate the event's fiftieth anniversary, and featured a contest to determine the most popular song from among 14 selected entries from the contest's first 50 years;<a href="#cite_note-Congratulations-415">[408]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABBA_50-416">[409]</a> and in 2015 the event's sixtieth anniversary was marked by <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest%27s_Greatest_Hits" title="Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits">Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits</a>, a concert of performances by past Eurovision artists and video montages of performances and footage from previous contests.<a href="#cite_note-417">[410]</a><a href="#cite_note-418">[411]</a> Following the cancellation of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2020" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2020">2020 contest</a>, the EBU organised a special non-competitive broadcast, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision:_Europe_Shine_a_Light" title="Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light">Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light</a>, which provided a showcase for the songs that would have taken part in the competition.<a href="#cite_note-419">[412]</a><a href="#cite_note-420">[413]</a> Other contests organised by the EBU include <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Young_Musicians" title="Eurovision Young Musicians">Eurovision Young Musicians</a>, a classical music competition for European musicians between the ages of 12 and 21;<a href="#cite_note-EYM-421">[414]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Young_Dancers" title="Eurovision Young Dancers">Eurovision Young Dancers</a>, a dance competition for non-professional performers between the ages of 16 and 21;<a href="#cite_note-EYD-422">[415]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Choir" title="Eurovision Choir">Eurovision Choir</a>, a choral competition for non-professional European choirs produced in partnership with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interkultur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interkultur (page does not exist)">Interkultur</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interkultur" class="extiw" title="de:Interkultur">de</a>] and modelled after the <a href="/wiki/World_Choir_Games" title="World Choir Games">World Choir Games</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Choir-423">[416]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Junior_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Junior Eurovision Song Contest">Junior Eurovision Song Contest</a>, a similar song contest for singers aged between 9 and 14 representing primarily European countries.<a href="#cite_note-424">[417]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Dance_Contest" title="Eurovision Dance Contest">Eurovision Dance Contest</a> was an event featuring pairs of dancers performing ballroom and Latin dancing, which took place for two editions, in 2007 and 2008.<a href="#cite_note-425">[418]</a> Similar international music competitions have been organised externally to the EBU. The <a href="/wiki/Sopot_International_Song_Festival" title="Sopot International Song Festival">Sopot International Song Festival</a> has been held annually since 1961; between 1977 and 1980, under the patronage of the <a href="/wiki/International_Radio_and_Television_Organisation" title="International Radio and Television Organisation">International Radio and Television Organisation</a> (OIRT), an Eastern European broadcasting union similar to the EBU, it was rebranded as the <a href="/wiki/Intervision_Song_Contest" title="Intervision Song Contest">Intervision Song Contest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-426">[419]</a><a href="#cite_note-427">[420]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Ibero-America" title="Ibero-America">Ibero-American</a> contest, the <a href="/wiki/OTI_Festival" title="OTI Festival">OTI Festival</a>, was held by the <a href="/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_de_Telecomunicaciones_de_Iberoam%C3%A9rica" title="Organización de Telecomunicaciones de Iberoamérica">Organización de Televisión Iberoamericana</a> (OTI) between 1972 and 2000 among <a href="/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">hispanophone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lusophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophone">lusophone</a> broadcasters in Europe and the Americas; and a contest for countries and <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous regions</a> with <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> links, the <a href="/wiki/Turkvision_Song_Contest" title="Turkvision Song Contest">Turkvision Song Contest</a>, has been organised since 2013.<a href="#cite_note-428">[421]</a><a href="#cite_note-429">[422]</a><a href="#cite_note-430">[423]</a> Similarly, an adaption of the contest for artists in the United States, the <a href="/wiki/American_Song_Contest" title="American Song Contest">American Song Contest</a>, was held in 2022 and featured songs representing U.S. states and <a href="/wiki/U.S._territory" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. territory">territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-431">[424]</a><a href="#cite_note-432">[425]</a><a href="#cite_note-433">[426]</a><a href="#cite_note-434">[427]</a> Adaptions of the contest for artists in Canada and Latin America are in development, though development on the former has been halted.<a href="#cite_note-435">[428]</a><a href="#cite_note-436">[429]</a><a href="#cite_note-437">[430]</a><a href="#cite_note-438">[431]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Serbia and Montenegro in the Eurovision Song Contest">Serbia and Montenegro</a> participated twice (in <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2004" title="Serbia and Montenegro in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004">2004</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2005" title="Serbia and Montenegro in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005">2005</a>) but did not win. However, this country ceased to exist since. </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> Namely <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="France in the Eurovision Song Contest">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest">Spain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest">Netherlands</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest">United Kingdom</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/history/origins-of-eurovision">"The Origins of Eurovision"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+Eurovision&rft.date=2019-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fhistory%2Forigins-of-eurovision&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVuletic2018" class="citation book cs1">Vuletic, Dean (2018). Postwar Europe and the Eurovision Song Contest. 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Journal of Computational Social Science. 1 (2): 377–390. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs42001-018-0020-2">10.1007/s42001-018-0020-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Computational+Social+Science&rft.atitle=Preference+and+neglect+amongst+countries+in+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E377-%3C%2Fspan%3E390&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs42001-018-0020-2&rft.aulast=Mantzaris&rft.aufirst=Alexander+V.&rft.au=Rein%2C+Samuel+R.&rft.au=Hopkins%2C+Alexander+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs42001-018-0020-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Kennedy_O%27Connor" title="John Kennedy O'Connor">O'Connor, John Kennedy</a> (2010). 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(2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5zQrDwAAQBAJ">A Song for Europe: Popular Music and Politics in the Eurovision Song Contest</a>. Abingdon-on-Thames: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-754658-79-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-754658-79-5"><bdi>978-0-754658-79-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 3 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Song+for+Europe%3A+Popular+Music+and+Politics+in+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.place=Abingdon-on-Thames&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-754658-79-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5zQrDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoxburgh2012" class="citation book cs1">Roxburgh, Gordon (2012). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Volume One: The 1950s and 1960s. Prestatyn: <a href="/wiki/Telos_Publishing" title="Telos Publishing">Telos Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84583-065-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84583-065-6"><bdi>978-1-84583-065-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Songs+for+Europe%3A+The+United+Kingdom+at+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.place=Prestatyn&rft.series=Volume+One%3A+The+1950s+and+1960s&rft.pub=Telos+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-84583-065-6&rft.aulast=Roxburgh&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_West" title="Chris West">West, Chris</a> (2020). Eurovision! A History of Modern Europe Through the World's Greatest Song Contest (2nd ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Melville_House_Publishing" title="Melville House Publishing">Melville House UK</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-911545-55-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-911545-55-2"><bdi>978-1-911545-55-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eurovision%21+A+History+of+Modern+Europe+Through+the+World%27s+Greatest+Song+Contest&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Melville+House+UK&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-911545-55-2&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eurovision_Song_Contest1156" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Template:Eurovision Song Contest"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Template talk:Eurovision Song Contest"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eurovision Song Contest"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eurovision_Song_Contest1156" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eurovision Song Contest</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_entries_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest entries (disambiguation)">Entries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_entries_(1956%E2%80%932003)" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest entries (1956–2003)">1956–2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_entries_(2004%E2%80%93present)" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest entries (2004–present)">2004–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="History of the Eurovision Song Contest">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_host_cities" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest host cities">Host cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="List of languages in the Eurovision Song Contest">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_visibility_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT visibility in the Eurovision Song Contest">LGBT visibility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_participants_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="List of LGBT participants in the Eurovision Song Contest">LGBT participants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Controversies of the Eurovision Song Contest">Controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_presenters" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest presenters">Presenters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest">Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_at_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_winners" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest winners">Winners</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_winners_discography" title="Eurovision Song Contest winners discography">Discography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1956" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1956">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1957" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1957">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1958">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1959" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1959">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1960" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1960">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1961" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1961">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1962" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1962">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1963" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1963">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1964" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1964">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1965" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1965">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1966" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1966">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1967" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1967">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1968" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1968">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1969" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1969">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1970" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1970">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1971" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1971">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1972" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1972">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1973" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1973">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1974" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1974">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1975" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1975">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1976" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1976">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1977" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1977">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1978" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1978">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1979" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1979">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1980" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1980">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1981" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1981">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1982" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1982">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1983" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1983">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1984" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1984">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1985" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1985">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1986" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1986">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1987" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1987">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1988" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1988">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1989" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1989">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1990" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1990">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1991" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1991">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1992" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1992">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1993" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1993">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1994" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1994">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1995" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1995">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1996" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1996">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1997" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1997">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1998" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1998">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1999" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1999">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2000" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2001" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2001">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2002" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2003" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2003">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2004" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2004">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2005" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2006" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2006">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2007" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2007">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2008" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2009" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2009">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2010" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2011" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2012" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2013" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2014" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2015" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2016" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2017" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2018" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2019">2019</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2020" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2020">2020</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2024">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2025" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2025">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Albania in the Eurovision Song Contest">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Armenia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Australia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Azerbaijan in the Eurovision Song Contest">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Czech Republic in the Eurovision Song Contest">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="France in the Eurovision Song Contest">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Georgia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Latvia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Lithuania in the Eurovision Song Contest">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Montenegro in the Eurovision Song Contest">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="San Marino in the Eurovision Song Contest">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Serbia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andorra_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Andorra in the Eurovision Song Contest">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Eurovision Song Contest">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Bulgaria in the Eurovision Song Contest">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Moldova in the Eurovision Song Contest">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contest">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Morocco in the Eurovision Song Contest">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="North Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Romania in the Eurovision Song Contest">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Slovakia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ineligible</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Belarus in the Eurovision Song Contest">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Serbia and Montenegro in the Eurovision Song Contest">Serbia and Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debut attempts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Lebanon in the Eurovision Song Contest">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_relations_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan relations in the Eurovision Song Contest">Armenia–Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Russia–Ukraine relations in the Eurovision Song Contest">Russia–Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National selections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festivali_i_K%C3%ABng%C3%ABs" title="Festivali i Këngës">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depi_Evratesil" title="Depi Evratesil">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dansk_Melodi_Grand_Prix" title="Dansk Melodi Grand Prix">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Laul" title="Eesti Laul">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uuden_Musiikin_Kilpailu" title="Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6ngvakeppnin" title="Söngvakeppnin">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Late_Late_Show_(Irish_talk_show)" title="The Late Late Show (Irish talk show)">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(Israeli_TV_series)" title="Rising Star (Israeli TV series)">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanremo_Music_Festival" title="Sanremo Music Festival">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova_(Latvian_TV_series)" title="Supernova (Latvian TV series)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodi_Grand_Prix" title="Melodi Grand Prix">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_da_Can%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Festival da Canção">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesma_za_Evroviziju" title="Pesma za Evroviziju">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benidorm_Fest" title="Benidorm Fest">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodifestivalen" title="Melodifestivalen">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidbir" title="Vidbir">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_%E2%80%93_Australia_Decides" title="Eurovision – Australia Decides">Australia</a></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geostar" title="Geostar">Geostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_Georgia" title="The Voice Georgia">The Voice Georgia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Dal" title="A Dal">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You%27re_a_Star" title="You're a Star">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canzonissima" title="Canzonissima">Italy</a></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Song_Festival" title="Israel Song Festival">Israel Song Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kdam_Eurovision" title="Kdam Eurovision">Kdam Eurovision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_X_Factor_Israel" title="The X Factor Israel">The X Factor Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Factor_Malta" title="X Factor Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationaal_Songfestival" title="Nationaal Songfestival">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skopje_Fest" title="Skopje Fest">North Macedonia</a></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krajowe_Eliminacje" title="Krajowe Eliminacje">Krajowe Eliminacje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szansa_na_Sukces" class="mw-redirect" title="Szansa na Sukces">Szansa na Sukces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evrovidenie" title="Evrovidenie">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evropesma" title="Evropesma">Serbia and Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beovizija" title="Beovizija">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislavsk%C3%A1_l%C3%BDra" title="Bratislavská lýra">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Triunfo_(Spanish_TV_series)" title="Operación Triunfo (Spanish TV series)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_national_selection_for_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="UK national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugovizija" title="Jugovizija">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Bezen%C3%A7on_Awards" title="Marcel Bezençon Awards">Marcel Bezençon Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Dex_Award" title="Barbara Dex Award">Barbara Dex Award</a> (1997–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You%27re_a_Vision_Award" title="You're a Vision Award">You're a Vision Award</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGAE" title="OGAE">OGAE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">EBU</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_Previews" title="Eurovision Song Contest Previews">Eurovision Song Contest Previews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Europe_(1981_concert)" title="Songs of Europe (1981 concert)">Songs of Europe</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvalifikacija_za_Millstreet" title="Kvalifikacija za Millstreet">Kvalifikacija za Millstreet</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congratulations:_50_Years_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest">Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest%27s_Greatest_Hits" title="Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits">Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EurovisionAgain" title="EurovisionAgain">EurovisionAgain</a> (2020–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision:_Europe_Shine_a_Light" title="Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light">Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Die_Grand_Prix_Hitliste" title="Die Grand Prix Hitliste">Die Grand Prix Hitliste</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Het_Grote_Songfestivalfeest" title="Het Grote Songfestivalfeest">Het Grote Songfestivalfeest</a> (2019, 2022–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_kleine_Song_Contest" title="Der kleine Song Contest">Der kleine Song Contest</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2020_%E2%80%93_das_deutsche_Finale" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2020 – das deutsche Finale">ESC 2020 – das deutsche Finale</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision:_Come_Together" title="Eurovision: Come Together">Eurovision: Come Together</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_12:a" title="Sveriges 12:a">Sveriges 12:a</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Category:Eurovision Song Contest">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Broadcasting_Union_(EBU)66" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union" title="Template:European Broadcasting Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Broadcasting_Union" title="Template talk:European Broadcasting Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Broadcasting Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Broadcasting_Union_(EBU)66" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a> (EBU)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AES3" title="AES3">AES/EBU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBU_colour_bars" title="EBU colour bars">EBU colour bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBU_R_128" title="EBU R 128">EBU R 128</a></li> <li>Euroradio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_(network)" title="Eurovision (network)">Eurovision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News_Xchange" title="News Xchange">News Xchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_d%27Or" title="Rose d'Or">Rose d'Or</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Productions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animated series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Marco_%26_Gina" title="The Adventures of Marco & Gina">The Adventures of Marco & Gina</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Animals_of_Farthing_Wood_(TV_series)" title="The Animals of Farthing Wood (TV series)">The Animals of Farthing Wood</a> (1993–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time..._Planet_Earth" title="Once Upon a Time... Planet Earth">Once Upon a Time... Planet Earth</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitt_%26_Kantrop" title="Pitt & Kantrop">Pitt & Kantrop</a> (2005–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_(Spanish_TV_series)" title="Tom (Spanish TV series)">Tom</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Choir" title="Eurovision Choir">Eurovision Choir</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Dance_Contest" title="Eurovision Dance Contest">Eurovision Dance Contest</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eurovision Song Contest</a> (since 1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Young_Dancers" title="Eurovision Young Dancers">Eurovision Young Dancers</a> (1985–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Young_Musicians" title="Eurovision Young Musicians">Eurovision Young Musicians</a> (since 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeux_sans_fronti%C3%A8res" title="Jeux sans frontières">Jeux sans frontières</a> (1965–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Junior Eurovision Song Contest">Junior Eurovision Song Contest</a> (since 2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let_the_Peoples_Sing" title="Let the Peoples Sing">Let the Peoples Sing</a> (since 1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europe%27s_Biggest_Dance_Show" title="Europe's Biggest Dance Show">Europe's Biggest Dance Show</a> (since 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroclassic_Notturno" title="Euroclassic Notturno">Euroclassic Notturno</a> (since 1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Debate" title="Eurovision Debate">Eurovision Debate</a> (2014, 2019, 2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Circus_Show" title="Magic Circus Show">Magic Circus Show</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_World_(1967_TV_program)" title="Our World (1967 TV program)">Our World</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_industry528" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_industry" title="Template:Music industry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_industry" title="Template talk:Music industry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_industry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music industry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_industry528" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">Music industry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major companies and organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_Mexicana_de_Productores_de_Fonogramas_y_Videogramas" title="Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas">AMPROFON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Recording_Industry_Association" title="Australian Recording Industry Association">ARIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundesverband_Musikindustrie" title="Bundesverband Musikindustrie">BVMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">BPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Canada" title="Music Canada">Music Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">FIMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry" title="International Federation of the Phonographic Industry">IFPI (worldwide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-M%C3%BAsica_Brasil" title="Pro-Música Brasil">PMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productores_de_M%C3%BAsica_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Productores de Música de España">PROMUSICAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">RIAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNEP" title="SNEP">SNEP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management" title="BMG Rights Management">BMG Rights Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Publishing" title="Sony Music Publishing">Sony Music Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Publishing_Group" title="Universal Music Publishing Group">Universal Music Publishing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Chappell_Music" title="Warner Chappell Music">Warner Chappell Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Music_Publishing" title="Disney Music Publishing">Disney Music Publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Record labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Record_label#Major_labels" title="Record label">Major</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music">Sony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">Independent</a>: <a href="/wiki/Concord_(entertainment_company)" title="Concord (entertainment company)">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_independent_UK_record_labels" title="List of independent UK record labels">Independent UK record labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Artists_Music_Group" title="Allied Artists Music Group">AAMG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retailers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_music_store" title="Digital music store">Digital music stores</a> (<a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac">Fnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMV" title="HMV">HMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspien" title="Kaspien">Kaspien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores" title="Virgin Megastores">Virgin Megastores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CTS_Eventim" title="CTS Eventim">CTS Eventim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="Live Nation Entertainment">Live Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiveStyle" title="LiveStyle">LiveStyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster">Ticketmaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_genres_and_styles" title="List of music genres and styles">Major genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easy_listening" title="Easy listening">Easy listening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal music">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-age_music" title="New-age music">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors and roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_cover#Design" title="Album cover">Album cover design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artists_and_repertoire" title="Artists and repertoire">Artists and repertoire (A&R)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry#Business_structure" title="Music industry">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_law" title="Entertainment law">Entertainment law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_education" title="Music education">Music education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_executive" title="Music executive">Music executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_publisher" title="Music publisher">Music publisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_store" title="Music store">Music store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_venue" title="Music venue">Music venue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_audio_store" title="Professional audio store">Professional audio store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoter_(entertainment)" title="Promoter (entertainment)">Promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_promotion" title="Radio promotion">Radio promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Record label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_shop" title="Record shop">Record shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_crew" title="Road crew">Road crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_manager" title="Talent manager">Talent manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_promoter" title="Tour promoter">Tour promoter</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Production10" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">Arrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyricist" title="Lyricist">Lyricist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conducting" title="Conducting">Conductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop production">Hip hop producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">Horn section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">Orchestrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_musician" title="Session musician">Session musician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backing_vocalist" title="Backing vocalist">Backup singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost singer">Ghost singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_coach" title="Vocal coach">Vocal coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostwriter" title="Ghostwriter">Ghostwriter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Sound engineer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recording_format" title="Recording format">Release formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">Single</a> (<a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">Extended play (EP)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twelve-inch_single" title="Twelve-inch single">12" single</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassette_single" title="Cassette single">Cassette single</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD_single" title="CD single">CD single</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxi_single" title="Maxi single">Maxi single</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">Album</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_album" title="Double album">Double album</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixtape" title="Mixtape">Mixtape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">Music video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_recording" title="Promotional recording">Promotional recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">Phonograph record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-track_cartridge" title="8-track cartridge">Eight-track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Cassette">Compact cassette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airplay" title="Airplay">Airplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_download" title="Music download">Music download</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_streaming_service" title="Music streaming service">Music streaming service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_tour" title="Concert tour">Concert tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_residency" title="Concert residency">Concert residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">Music festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_competition" title="Music competition">Music competition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Record_chart" title="Record chart">Charts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARIA_Charts" title="ARIA Charts">ARIA Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina_Hot_100" title="Argentina Hot 100">Billboard Argentina Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasil_Hot_100" title="Brasil Hot 100">Billboard Brasil Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hot_100" title="Canadian Hot 100">Canadian Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Chart" title="Circle Chart">Circle Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Music" title="G-Music">G-Music chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Singles_Chart" title="Irish Singles Chart">Irish Singles Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">Italian singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GfK_Entertainment_charts" title="GfK Entertainment charts">GfK Entertainment charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Monitoring_Africa" title="Entertainment Monitoring Africa">Entertainment Monitoring Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_New_Zealand_Music_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="Official New Zealand Music Chart">New Zealand singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone_charts" title="Rolling Stone charts">Rolling Stone Top 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino_Chart" title="Sino Chart">Sino Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNEP" title="SNEP">SNEP singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverigetopplistan" title="Sverigetopplistan">Sverigetopplistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_singles_chart" title="UK singles chart">UK singles chart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HitQuarters" title="HitQuarters">HitQuarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Press" title="Hot Press">Hot Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!" title="Kerrang!">Kerrang!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(magazine)" title="Mojo (magazine)">Mojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musica_e_dischi" title="Musica e dischi">Musica e dischi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_(magazine)" title="Q (magazine)">Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smash_Hits" title="Smash Hits">Smash Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops_(magazine)" title="Top of the Pops (magazine)">Top of the Pops</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_television" title="Music television">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_V" title="Channel V">Channel V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMT_(American_TV_channel)" title="CMT (American TV channel)">CMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(TV_channel)" title="Fuse (TV channel)">Fuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnet_(TV_channel)" title="Mnet (TV channel)">Mnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV2" title="MTV2">MTV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Tres" title="MTV Tres">Tr3s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Much_(TV_channel)" title="Much (TV channel)">MuchMusic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Factory" title="The Music Factory">The Music Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIVA_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="VIVA Media">Viva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Country_Network" title="The Country Network">The Country Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idol_(franchise)" title="Idol (franchise)">Idol franchise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popstars" title="Popstars">Popstars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Academy" title="Star Academy">Star Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Four_(franchise)" title="The Four (franchise)">The Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_(franchise)" title="The Voice (franchise)">The Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_X_Factor" title="The X Factor">The X Factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(franchise)" title="Rising Star (franchise)">Rising Star</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Achievements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_award" title="Music award">Music award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">Best-selling music artists</a> <ul><li>In: <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Brazil" title="List of best-selling music artists in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Finland" title="List of best-selling music artists in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_Germany" title="List of highest-certified music artists in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling music artists in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_female_music_artists_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of best-selling female music artists in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (Females)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_the_United_States" title="List of highest-certified music artists in the United States">United States</a></li> <li>Genre: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_gospel_music_artists" title="List of best-selling gospel music artists">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Latin_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Latin music artists">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nationality: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Belgian_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Belgian music artists">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Brazil#Best-selling_Brazilian_artists_worldwide" title="List of best-selling music artists in Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biggest-selling_British_music_artists" title="List of biggest-selling British music artists">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estimated_best-selling_Italian_music_artists" title="List of estimated best-selling Italian music artists">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Swedish_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Swedish music artists">Swedish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums" title="List of best-selling albums">Best-selling albums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_by_country" title="List of best-selling albums by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles" title="List of best-selling singles">Best-selling singles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles_by_country" title="List of best-selling singles by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_world%27s_highest-paid_musicians" title="Forbes list of the world's highest-paid musicians">Highest-paid musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_live_music_artists" title="List of highest-grossing live music artists">Highest-grossing live music artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours">Highest-grossing concert tours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_women" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by women">by women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_Latin_artists" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by Latin artists">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concert_tours" title="List of most-attended concert tours">Most-attended concert tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concerts" title="List of most-attended concerts">Most-attended concerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Recording_Artist_of_the_Year" title="Global Recording Artist of the Year">Global Recording Artist of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_artists_by_net_worth" title="List of music artists by net worth">Wealthiest musical artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_era" title="Album era">Album era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album-equivalent_unit" title="Album-equivalent unit">Album-equivalent unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">A-side and B-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backmasking" title="Backmasking">Backmasking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootleg_recording" title="Bootleg recording">Bootleg recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music_industry" title="Christian music industry">Christian music industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_music_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of the music industry">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_track" title="Hidden track">Hidden track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_music_deals" title="List of largest music deals">Largest music deals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_recorded_music_markets" title="List of largest recorded music markets">Largest recorded music markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_albums" title="List of most expensive albums">Most expensive albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_valuable_records" title="List of most valuable records">Most valuable records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_recording_certification" title="Music recording certification">Music certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_Advisory" title="Parental Advisory">Parental Advisory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_sales" title="Record sales">Record sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surprise_album" title="Surprise album">Surprise album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_label_record" title="White label record">White label</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/16px-45_record.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/24px-45_record.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/32px-45_record.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Record_production" title="Portal:Record production">Record production portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Music_industry" title="Category:Music industry">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q276#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1801" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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/></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/168042371">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1071847201">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n00068749">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb146444897">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb146444897">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2007396121&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000113102&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/20dhqvll0kxwpmh">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810577801605606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007313856705171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/204072557">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c66768cb-g2blw","wgBackendResponseTime":152,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.430","walltime":"3.711","ppvisitednodes":{"value":44089,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":919472,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":30351,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":24,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1454230,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3177.751 1 -total"," 52.62% 1672.175 3 Template:Reflist"," 36.89% 1172.363 322 Template:Cite_web"," 8.69% 276.064 56 Template:Sfn"," 5.46% 173.560 11 Template:Navbox"," 4.59% 145.960 1 Template:Infobox_television"," 4.38% 139.251 38 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