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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Incentive</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">3,402 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Incentive</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Incentive">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27477623" data-work_id="27477623" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27477623/Renewable_energy_sources_in_the_Mexican_electricity_sector">Renewable energy sources in the Mexican electricity sector</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper analyzes the role of renewable energy sources (RES) in the Mexican electricity sector in the context of the proposed renewable energy bill currently under consideration in the Mexican Congress. This paper was divided into three... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27477623" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper analyzes the role of renewable energy sources (RES) in the Mexican electricity sector in the context of the proposed renewable energy bill currently under consideration in the Mexican Congress. This paper was divided into three parts. The first part presents a chronology of institutional background related to the RES. This is followed by an analysis of the coordination and management system of the Mexican electricity sector, which can facilitate the promotion and integration of the RES without significant structural changes. Finally, the pros and cons of the renewable energy bill are analyzed in order to demonstrate the need for greater coherence between the bill and the coordination system of the sector. It is concluded that when inconsistency is eliminated, RES would strongly be promoted in Mexico. r</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27477623" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aa5e877b2a1d1218a2020615624855ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47734619,"asset_id":27477623,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47734619/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6903625" href="https://unal.academia.edu/BelizzaJanetRuizMendoza">Belizza Janet Ruiz-Mendoza</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6903625" type="text/json">{"id":6903625,"first_name":"Belizza Janet","last_name":"Ruiz-Mendoza","domain_name":"unal","page_name":"BelizzaJanetRuizMendoza","display_name":"Belizza Janet Ruiz-Mendoza","profile_url":"https://unal.academia.edu/BelizzaJanetRuizMendoza?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6903625/14902503/18273189/s65_belizza_janet.ruiz-mendoza.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27477623 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27477623"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27477623, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27477623", }); 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This paper was divided into three parts. The first part presents a chronology of institutional background related to the RES. This is followed by an analysis of the coordination and management system of the Mexican electricity sector, which can facilitate the promotion and integration of the RES without significant structural changes. Finally, the pros and cons of the renewable energy bill are analyzed in order to demonstrate the need for greater coherence between the bill and the coordination system of the sector. It is concluded that when inconsistency is eliminated, RES would strongly be promoted in Mexico. r","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47734619,"asset_id":27477623,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6903625,"first_name":"Belizza Janet","last_name":"Ruiz-Mendoza","domain_name":"unal","page_name":"BelizzaJanetRuizMendoza","display_name":"Belizza Janet Ruiz-Mendoza","profile_url":"https://unal.academia.edu/BelizzaJanetRuizMendoza?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6903625/14902503/18273189/s65_belizza_janet.ruiz-mendoza.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":759,"name":"Industrial Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Organization?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":11035,"name":"Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":13242,"name":"Market Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Market_Structure?f_ri=185860"},{"id":16457,"name":"Public sector","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_sector?f_ri=185860"},{"id":43986,"name":"Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity?f_ri=185860"},{"id":53223,"name":"renewable Energy sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/renewable_Energy_sources?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":213801,"name":"Structural Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Change?f_ri=185860"},{"id":290799,"name":"Management System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management_System?f_ri=185860"},{"id":466484,"name":"Private Sector","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_Sector?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1003844,"name":"Electric Power Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electric_Power_Industry?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1005027,"name":"Case History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_History?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1117829,"name":"PROJECT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PROJECT?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1499945" data-work_id="1499945" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1499945/Energy_and_the_World_Summit_on_Sustainable_Development_what_next">Energy and the World Summit on Sustainable Development: what next?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Given the importance of energy issues to sustainable development, energy was a priority issue at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in August 2002. The objective of this paper is to examine the outcomes of the Summit on energy,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1499945" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Given the importance of energy issues to sustainable development, energy was a priority issue at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in August 2002. The objective of this paper is to examine the outcomes of the Summit on energy, and to assess them against proposals to address the lack of access to modern energy and the need to move toward a cleaner energy system. We find that lack of political leadership from key countries prevented agreement not only on targets for renewable energy, but also on a programme to promote access. The achievements of the Summit were limited to enabling activities such as capacity building and technology transfer, rather than substantive agreements. While WSSD put energy higher on the agenda than before, no institutional home or programme to take the issues forward has emerged. This therefore remains a critical challenge to be addressed. Achieving this broad goal will require building a coalition to promote cleaner energy, and committing resources to programme for energy access. Based on analysis of proposals and the negotiations, we propose several key areas where progress is still possible and necessary, including: shifting more international public and private energy financing toward access investments and cleaner energy investments, advancing regional approaches to access and renewable energy targets, and a range of mechanisms to strengthen institutional capacity for integrating energy and sustainable development.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1499945" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="966c41a809a9b5b8ce6d2aab6c0a1d46" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50947944,"asset_id":1499945,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50947944/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1446961" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TonyHlanhlaNkuna">Tony Hlanhla Nkuna</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1446961" type="text/json">{"id":1446961,"first_name":"Tony Hlanhla","last_name":"Nkuna","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TonyHlanhlaNkuna","display_name":"Tony Hlanhla Nkuna","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TonyHlanhlaNkuna?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1446961/518607/650877/s65_tony_hlanhla.nkuna.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1499945 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1499945"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1499945, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1499945", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1499945]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1499945").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1499945").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1499945"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2602" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accessibility">Accessibility</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2602" type="text/json">{"id":2602,"name":"Accessibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accessibility?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5609" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy">Energy Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5609" type="text/json">{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1499945]'), work: {"id":1499945,"title":"Energy and the World Summit on Sustainable Development: what next?","created_at":"2012-04-05T07:35:06.500-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1499945/Energy_and_the_World_Summit_on_Sustainable_Development_what_next?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_1499945","summary":"Given the importance of energy issues to sustainable development, energy was a priority issue at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in August 2002. The objective of this paper is to examine the outcomes of the Summit on energy, and to assess them against proposals to address the lack of access to modern energy and the need to move toward a cleaner energy system. We find that lack of political leadership from key countries prevented agreement not only on targets for renewable energy, but also on a programme to promote access. The achievements of the Summit were limited to enabling activities such as capacity building and technology transfer, rather than substantive agreements. While WSSD put energy higher on the agenda than before, no institutional home or programme to take the issues forward has emerged. This therefore remains a critical challenge to be addressed. Achieving this broad goal will require building a coalition to promote cleaner energy, and committing resources to programme for energy access. Based on analysis of proposals and the negotiations, we propose several key areas where progress is still possible and necessary, including: shifting more international public and private energy financing toward access investments and cleaner energy investments, advancing regional approaches to access and renewable energy targets, and a range of mechanisms to strengthen institutional capacity for integrating energy and sustainable development.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50947944,"asset_id":1499945,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1446961,"first_name":"Tony Hlanhla","last_name":"Nkuna","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TonyHlanhlaNkuna","display_name":"Tony Hlanhla Nkuna","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TonyHlanhlaNkuna?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1446961/518607/650877/s65_tony_hlanhla.nkuna.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2602,"name":"Accessibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accessibility?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":10072,"name":"Technology transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology_transfer?f_ri=185860"},{"id":20159,"name":"Capacity Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capacity_Building?f_ri=185860"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=185860"},{"id":43986,"name":"Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity?f_ri=185860"},{"id":78434,"name":"Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Investment?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":238655,"name":"Implementation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Implementation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":251654,"name":"Greenhouse Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas?f_ri=185860"},{"id":271424,"name":"Financing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financing?f_ri=185860"},{"id":292710,"name":"Inversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inversion?f_ri=185860"},{"id":336385,"name":"Energy System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_System?f_ri=185860"},{"id":606312,"name":"WSSD","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WSSD?f_ri=185860"},{"id":816036,"name":"Negociation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negociation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1230870,"name":"World Summit on Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Summit_on_Sustainable_Development?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72795496" data-work_id="72795496" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72795496/Progress_and_Recent_Trends_In_Wind_Energy">Progress and Recent Trends In Wind Energy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Towards the end of 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, interest has risen in new and renewable energy (RE) sources especially wind energy for electricity generation. The scientists and researchers attempted to accelerate solutions... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72795496" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Towards the end of 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, interest has risen in new and renewable energy (RE) sources especially wind energy for electricity generation. The scientists and researchers attempted to accelerate solutions for wind energy generation design parameters. Our life is directly related to energy and its consumption, and the issues of energy research are extremely important and highly sensitive. In a short time, wind energy is welcomed by society, industry and politics as a clean, practical, economical and environmentally friendly alternative. After the 1973 oil crisis, the RE sources started to appear in the agenda and hence the wind energy gained significant interest. As a result of extensive studies on this topic, wind energy has recently been applied in various industries, and it started to compete with other energy resources. In this paper, wind energy is reviewed and opened for further discussion. Wind energy history, wind-power meteorology, the energy-climate relations, wind-turbine technology, wind economy, wind-hybrid applications and the current status of installed wind energy capacity all over the world reviewed critically with further enhancements and new research trend direction suggestions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72795496" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b22985c552f444649e6f862934adba5c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81580447,"asset_id":72795496,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81580447/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="116583872" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AhmetSahin40">Ahmet Sahin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="116583872" type="text/json">{"id":116583872,"first_name":"Ahmet","last_name":"Sahin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AhmetSahin40","display_name":"Ahmet Sahin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AhmetSahin40?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/116583872/28341920/26522488/s65_ahmet.sahin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72795496 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72795496"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72795496, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72795496", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72795496]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72795496").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72795496").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72795496"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60" type="text/json">{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2798" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_Energy">Wind Energy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2798" type="text/json">{"id":2798,"name":"Wind Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72795496]'), work: {"id":72795496,"title":"Progress and Recent Trends In Wind Energy","created_at":"2022-03-02T06:37:54.634-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72795496/Progress_and_Recent_Trends_In_Wind_Energy?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_72795496","summary":"Towards the end of 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, interest has risen in new and renewable energy (RE) sources especially wind energy for electricity generation. The scientists and researchers attempted to accelerate solutions for wind energy generation design parameters. Our life is directly related to energy and its consumption, and the issues of energy research are extremely important and highly sensitive. In a short time, wind energy is welcomed by society, industry and politics as a clean, practical, economical and environmentally friendly alternative. After the 1973 oil crisis, the RE sources started to appear in the agenda and hence the wind energy gained significant interest. As a result of extensive studies on this topic, wind energy has recently been applied in various industries, and it started to compete with other energy resources. In this paper, wind energy is reviewed and opened for further discussion. Wind energy history, wind-power meteorology, the energy-climate relations, wind-turbine technology, wind economy, wind-hybrid applications and the current status of installed wind energy capacity all over the world reviewed critically with further enhancements and new research trend direction suggestions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81580447,"asset_id":72795496,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":116583872,"first_name":"Ahmet","last_name":"Sahin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AhmetSahin40","display_name":"Ahmet Sahin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AhmetSahin40?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/116583872/28341920/26522488/s65_ahmet.sahin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2798,"name":"Wind Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":6177,"name":"Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling?f_ri=185860"},{"id":6263,"name":"Combustion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combustion?f_ri=185860"},{"id":57254,"name":"Wind Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_Power?f_ri=185860"},{"id":69575,"name":"Wind turbine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_turbine?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":554780,"name":"Interdisciplinary Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interdisciplinary_Engineering?f_ri=185860"},{"id":886971,"name":"Electricity Generation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity_Generation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":2004933,"name":"Hybrid System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybrid_System?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7893641" data-work_id="7893641" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7893641/Understanding_Barriers_to_Wider_Telehealth_Adoption_in_the_Home_Environment_of_Older_People_An_Exploratory_Study_in_the_Irish_Context">Understanding Barriers to Wider Telehealth Adoption in the Home Environment of Older People: An Exploratory Study in the Irish Context</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Emerging evidence has demonstrated the potential for Telehealth systems to reduce unnecessary hospital admission and lower costs of care by assisting patients and healthcare professionals to manage chronic conditions more efficiently.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7893641" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Emerging evidence has demonstrated the potential for Telehealth systems to reduce unnecessary hospital admission and lower costs of care by assisting patients and healthcare professionals to manage chronic conditions more efficiently. Nonetheless, due to a complex interplay of different barriers, Telehealth has not yet been widely adopted in any country. Understanding barriers to wider Telehealth adoption is vital to enable its embracement by many older people who could greatly benefit from the technology. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify barriers to wider Telehealth adoption in the homes of older people, in the Republic of Ireland. Objectives included identifying barriers from the perspective of five groups of stakeholders, determining the most pressing barriers and suggesting possible approaches to addressing such issues. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted. Findings were analysed against existing literature, current technology adoption trends and successful initiatives implemented in different countries. This study suggests that the lack of incentive to healthcare professionals to embrace Telehealth, technology usability issues, implementation costs and lack of organisational willingness to change are the most pressing barriers to wider Telehealth adoption. Possible approaches to address healthcare professional incentive barriers have been suggested and include government mandates, the establishment of reimbursement schemes and the use of government financial incentives. The provision of Telehealth through devices that people are familiar with such as mobile phones, laptops and computer tablets, and the involvement of end-users during Telehealth technology development stages are also supported by this study as strategies to overcome Telehealth usability challenges.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7893641" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e0e9b88e300b285ded515d423af5976" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34379264,"asset_id":7893641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34379264/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14768510" href="https://ucd.academia.edu/BrendaReginatto">Brenda Reginatto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14768510" type="text/json">{"id":14768510,"first_name":"Brenda","last_name":"Reginatto","domain_name":"ucd","page_name":"BrendaReginatto","display_name":"Brenda Reginatto","profile_url":"https://ucd.academia.edu/BrendaReginatto?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7893641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7893641"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7893641, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7893641", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7893641]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7893641").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7893641").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7893641"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7564" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telehealth">Telehealth</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7564" type="text/json">{"id":7564,"name":"Telehealth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telehealth?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51414" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_disease_management">Chronic disease management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51414" type="text/json">{"id":51414,"name":"Chronic disease management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_disease_management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Older_people">Older people</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="66511" type="text/json">{"id":66511,"name":"Older people","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Older_people?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="185860" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive">Incentive</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="185860" type="text/json">{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7893641]'), work: {"id":7893641,"title":"Understanding Barriers to Wider Telehealth Adoption in the Home Environment of Older People: An Exploratory Study in the Irish Context","created_at":"2014-08-06T02:37:25.000-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7893641/Understanding_Barriers_to_Wider_Telehealth_Adoption_in_the_Home_Environment_of_Older_People_An_Exploratory_Study_in_the_Irish_Context?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_7893641","summary":"Emerging evidence has demonstrated the potential for Telehealth systems to reduce unnecessary hospital admission and lower costs of care by assisting patients and healthcare professionals to manage chronic conditions more efficiently. Nonetheless, due to a complex interplay of different barriers, Telehealth has not yet been widely adopted in any country. Understanding barriers to wider Telehealth adoption is vital to enable its embracement by many older people who could greatly benefit from the technology. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify barriers to wider Telehealth adoption in the homes of older people, in the Republic of Ireland. Objectives included identifying barriers from the perspective of five groups of stakeholders, determining the most pressing barriers and suggesting possible approaches to addressing such issues. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted. Findings were analysed against existing literature, current technology adoption trends and successful initiatives implemented in different countries. This study suggests that the lack of incentive to healthcare professionals to embrace Telehealth, technology usability issues, implementation costs and lack of organisational willingness to change are the most pressing barriers to wider Telehealth adoption. Possible approaches to address healthcare professional incentive barriers have been suggested and include government mandates, the establishment of reimbursement schemes and the use of government financial incentives. The provision of Telehealth through devices that people are familiar with such as mobile phones, laptops and computer tablets, and the involvement of end-users during Telehealth technology development stages are also supported by this study as strategies to overcome Telehealth usability challenges.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34379264,"asset_id":7893641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14768510,"first_name":"Brenda","last_name":"Reginatto","domain_name":"ucd","page_name":"BrendaReginatto","display_name":"Brenda Reginatto","profile_url":"https://ucd.academia.edu/BrendaReginatto?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7564,"name":"Telehealth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telehealth?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":51414,"name":"Chronic disease management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_disease_management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":66511,"name":"Older people","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Older_people?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":320166,"name":"Acceptability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acceptability?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22176681" data-work_id="22176681" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22176681/Respiratory_Physiotherapy_To_Prevent_Pulmonary_Complications_After_Abdominal_Surgery_">Respiratory Physiotherapy To Prevent Pulmonary Complications After Abdominal Surgery *</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To examine the efficacy of respiratory physiotherapy for prevention of pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery. Methods: We searched in databases and bibliographies for articles in all languages through November 2005. Randomized... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22176681" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To examine the efficacy of respiratory physiotherapy for prevention of pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery. Methods: We searched in databases and bibliographies for articles in all languages through November 2005. Randomized trials were included if they investigated prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy and pulmonary outcomes, and if the follow-up was at least 2 days. Efficacy data were expressed as risk differences (RDs) and number needed to treat (NNT), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Thirty-five trials tested respiratory physiotherapy treatments. Of 13 trials with a "no intervention" control group, 9 studies (n ‫؍‬ 883) did not report on significant differences, and 4 studies (n ‫؍‬ 528) did: in 1 study, the incidence of pneumonia was decreased from 37.3 to 13.7% with deep breathing, directed cough, and postural drainage (RD, 23.6%; 95% CI, 7 to 40%; NNT, 4.3; 95% CI, 2.5 to 14); in 1 study, the incidence of atelectasis was decreased from 39 to 15% with deep breathing and directed cough (RD, 24%; 95% CI, 5 to 43%; NNT, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.4 to 18); in 1 study, the incidence of atelectasis was decreased from 77 to 59% with deep breathing, directed cough, and postural drainage (RD, 18%; 95% CI, 5 to 31%; NNT, 5.6; 95% CI, 3.3 to 19); in 1 study, the incidence of unspecified pulmonary complications was decreased from 47.7% to 21.4 to 22.2% with intermittent positive pressure breathing, or incentive spirometry, or deep breathing with directed cough (RD, 25.5 to 26.3%; NNT, 3.8 to 3.9). Twenty-two trials (n ‫؍‬ 2,734) compared physiotherapy treatments without no intervention control subjects; no conclusions could be drawn. Conclusions: There are only a few trials that support the usefulness of prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy. The routine use of respiratory physiotherapy after abdominal surgery does not seem to be justified.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22176681" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b0dcebcaba125f626f1dd6f568ab353c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42836598,"asset_id":22176681,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42836598/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43530728" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BernhardWalder">Bernhard Walder</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43530728" type="text/json">{"id":43530728,"first_name":"Bernhard","last_name":"Walder","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BernhardWalder","display_name":"Bernhard Walder","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BernhardWalder?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22176681 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22176681"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22176681, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22176681", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22176681 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22176681; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22176681"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22176681 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22176681"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22176681; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22176681]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22176681").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22176681").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22176681"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="593" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiotherapy">Physiotherapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="593" type="text/json">{"id":593,"name":"Physiotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiotherapy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="647" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery">Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="647" type="text/json">{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3645" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence_Based_Medicine">Evidence Based Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3645" type="text/json">{"id":3645,"name":"Evidence Based Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence_Based_Medicine?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8942" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment">Treatment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8942" type="text/json">{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22176681]'), work: {"id":22176681,"title":"Respiratory Physiotherapy To Prevent Pulmonary Complications After Abdominal Surgery *","created_at":"2016-02-19T06:16:40.618-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22176681/Respiratory_Physiotherapy_To_Prevent_Pulmonary_Complications_After_Abdominal_Surgery_?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_22176681","summary":"To examine the efficacy of respiratory physiotherapy for prevention of pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery. Methods: We searched in databases and bibliographies for articles in all languages through November 2005. Randomized trials were included if they investigated prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy and pulmonary outcomes, and if the follow-up was at least 2 days. Efficacy data were expressed as risk differences (RDs) and number needed to treat (NNT), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Thirty-five trials tested respiratory physiotherapy treatments. Of 13 trials with a \"no intervention\" control group, 9 studies (n ‫؍‬ 883) did not report on significant differences, and 4 studies (n ‫؍‬ 528) did: in 1 study, the incidence of pneumonia was decreased from 37.3 to 13.7% with deep breathing, directed cough, and postural drainage (RD, 23.6%; 95% CI, 7 to 40%; NNT, 4.3; 95% CI, 2.5 to 14); in 1 study, the incidence of atelectasis was decreased from 39 to 15% with deep breathing and directed cough (RD, 24%; 95% CI, 5 to 43%; NNT, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.4 to 18); in 1 study, the incidence of atelectasis was decreased from 77 to 59% with deep breathing, directed cough, and postural drainage (RD, 18%; 95% CI, 5 to 31%; NNT, 5.6; 95% CI, 3.3 to 19); in 1 study, the incidence of unspecified pulmonary complications was decreased from 47.7% to 21.4 to 22.2% with intermittent positive pressure breathing, or incentive spirometry, or deep breathing with directed cough (RD, 25.5 to 26.3%; NNT, 3.8 to 3.9). Twenty-two trials (n ‫؍‬ 2,734) compared physiotherapy treatments without no intervention control subjects; no conclusions could be drawn. Conclusions: There are only a few trials that support the usefulness of prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy. The routine use of respiratory physiotherapy after abdominal surgery does not seem to be justified.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42836598,"asset_id":22176681,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43530728,"first_name":"Bernhard","last_name":"Walder","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BernhardWalder","display_name":"Bernhard Walder","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BernhardWalder?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":593,"name":"Physiotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiotherapy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":3645,"name":"Evidence Based Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence_Based_Medicine?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=185860"},{"id":27240,"name":"Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevention?f_ri=185860"},{"id":32473,"name":"Physical Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Therapy?f_ri=185860"},{"id":63890,"name":"Complication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complication?f_ri=185860"},{"id":100657,"name":"Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Therapy?f_ri=185860"},{"id":111112,"name":"Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia?f_ri=185860"},{"id":123472,"name":"Exploration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exploration?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":193798,"name":"Metaanalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaanalysis?f_ri=185860"},{"id":202428,"name":"Respiration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiration?f_ri=185860"},{"id":221411,"name":"Systematic review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematic_review?f_ri=185860"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=185860"},{"id":532928,"name":"Chest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chest?f_ri=185860"},{"id":826123,"name":"Abdominal Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abdominal_Surgery?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1653983,"name":"Abdomen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abdomen?f_ri=185860"},{"id":2248009,"name":"Continuo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continuo?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12025221" data-work_id="12025221" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12025221/Anreize_f%C3%BCr_Mitarbeiter_gezielt_und_wirtschaftlich_einsetzen">Anreize für Mitarbeiter gezielt und wirtschaftlich einsetzen</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Anreize für Mitarbeiter gezielt und wirtschaftlich einsetzen. Wann wem welche Incentives? Whitepaper. München: Edenred 2015.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12025221" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d9cbbab0169ad991f7a9ca51a49b77c1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39008121,"asset_id":12025221,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39008121/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="98029" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GuntherWolf">Gunther Wolf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="98029" type="text/json">{"id":98029,"first_name":"Gunther","last_name":"Wolf","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GuntherWolf","display_name":"Gunther Wolf","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GuntherWolf?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/98029/27078/159310794/s65_gunther.wolf.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12025221 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12025221"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12025221, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12025221", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12025221 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12025221; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12025221"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12025221 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12025221"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12025221; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12025221]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12025221").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12025221").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12025221"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">30</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Development">Human Resource Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1180" type="text/json">{"id":1180,"name":"Human Resource Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Development?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2337" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Studies">Performance Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2337" type="text/json">{"id":2337,"name":"Performance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Studies?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2969" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership">Leadership</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2969" type="text/json">{"id":2969,"name":"Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4965" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Management">Performance Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4965" type="text/json">{"id":4965,"name":"Performance Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12025221]'), work: {"id":12025221,"title":"Anreize für Mitarbeiter gezielt und wirtschaftlich einsetzen","created_at":"2015-04-20T06:38:31.684-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12025221/Anreize_f%C3%BCr_Mitarbeiter_gezielt_und_wirtschaftlich_einsetzen?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_12025221","summary":"Anreize für Mitarbeiter gezielt und wirtschaftlich einsetzen. Wann wem welche Incentives? Whitepaper. München: Edenred 2015.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39008121,"asset_id":12025221,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":98029,"first_name":"Gunther","last_name":"Wolf","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GuntherWolf","display_name":"Gunther Wolf","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GuntherWolf?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/98029/27078/159310794/s65_gunther.wolf.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1180,"name":"Human Resource Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Development?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2337,"name":"Performance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Studies?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2969,"name":"Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":4965,"name":"Performance 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22198692/A_meta_analysis_of_voucher_based_reinforcement_therapy_for_substance_use_disorders">A meta-analysis of voucher-based reinforcement therapy for substance use disorders</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aims To systematically investigate the effectiveness of voucher-based reinforcement therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders. Methods Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for studies published between... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22198692" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aims To systematically investigate the effectiveness of voucher-based reinforcement therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders. Methods Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for studies published between January 1991 and March 2004 that utilized voucher-based reinforcement therapy (VBRT) or related monetary-based incentives to treat substance use disorders (SUDs). Findings Thirty studies involved interventions targeting abstinence from drug use using experimental designs where effects on treatment outcome could be attributed to the VBRT intervention. The estimated average effect size (r) for those studies was 0.32 (95% CI 0.26-0.38). Analyses of variables thought to moderate VBRT effect sizes revealed that more immediate voucher delivery and greater monetary value of the voucher were associated with larger effect sizes. Additional studies were identified wherein VBRT was used to target clinic attendance ( n = 6) or medication compliance ( n = 4). VBRT studies targeting attendance produced average effect sizes of 0.15 (95% CI 0.02-0.28), while those that targeted medication compliance produced an average effect of 0.32 (95% CI 0.15-0.47). No significant moderators were identified for these 10 studies. Conclusions Overall, VBRT generated significantly better outcomes than did control treatments. These results further support the efficacy of VBRT, quantify the magnitude of its effects, identify significant moderators and suggest potential directions for future research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22198692" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2fdd0cc5100b16d5e627b8814f0130a7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42853320,"asset_id":22198692,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42853320/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43554758" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JPlebani">Jennifer Plebani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43554758" type="text/json">{"id":43554758,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Plebani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JPlebani","display_name":"Jennifer Plebani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JPlebani?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22198692 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22198692"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22198692, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22198692", }); 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Methods Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for studies published between January 1991 and March 2004 that utilized voucher-based reinforcement therapy (VBRT) or related monetary-based incentives to treat substance use disorders (SUDs). Findings Thirty studies involved interventions targeting abstinence from drug use using experimental designs where effects on treatment outcome could be attributed to the VBRT intervention. The estimated average effect size (r) for those studies was 0.32 (95% CI 0.26-0.38). Analyses of variables thought to moderate VBRT effect sizes revealed that more immediate voucher delivery and greater monetary value of the voucher were associated with larger effect sizes. Additional studies were identified wherein VBRT was used to target clinic attendance ( n = 6) or medication compliance ( n = 4). VBRT studies targeting attendance produced average effect sizes of 0.15 (95% CI 0.02-0.28), while those that targeted medication compliance produced an average effect of 0.32 (95% CI 0.15-0.47). No significant moderators were identified for these 10 studies. Conclusions Overall, VBRT generated significantly better outcomes than did control treatments. These results further support the efficacy of VBRT, quantify the magnitude of its effects, identify significant moderators and suggest potential directions for future research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42853320,"asset_id":22198692,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43554758,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Plebani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JPlebani","display_name":"Jennifer Plebani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JPlebani?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=185860"},{"id":67796,"name":"Substance Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Abuse?f_ri=185860"},{"id":129428,"name":"Drug Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Addiction?f_ri=185860"},{"id":135005,"name":"Patient Compliance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Compliance?f_ri=185860"},{"id":140420,"name":"Token Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Token_Economy?f_ri=185860"},{"id":141888,"name":"Contingency Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contingency_Management?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":187416,"name":"Vouchers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vouchers?f_ri=185860"},{"id":193798,"name":"Metaanalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaanalysis?f_ri=185860"},{"id":218206,"name":"Meta Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meta_Analysis?f_ri=185860"},{"id":251641,"name":"Incentives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentives?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1299409,"name":"Positive Reinforcement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positive_Reinforcement?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1423077,"name":"Substance-Related Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance-Related_Disorders?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1501223,"name":"Substance Use Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Use_Disorder?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28359495" data-work_id="28359495" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28359495/Promotion_of_renewable_energies_in_Algeria_Strategies_and_perspectives">Promotion of renewable energies in Algeria: Strategies and perspectives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During the last few years, political support for renewable energies has been growing continuously both at the national and international level and most scientists now agree that the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are perfectly placed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28359495" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During the last few years, political support for renewable energies has been growing continuously both at the national and international level and most scientists now agree that the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are perfectly placed to play a leading role in the lucrative future solar and wind power industries. The interest for the development of renewable energies was perceived very early in Algeria with the creation of the solar energy institute as soon as 1962. Algeria plays a very important role in world energy markets, both as a significant hydrocarbons producer and exporter, as well as a key participant in the renewable energy market. Due to its geographical location, Algeria holds one of the highest solar reservoirs in the world. This paper deals with a review of the present renewable energy (RE) situation and assessed present and future potential of RE sources in Algeria. It also discusses the trends and expectation in solar and wind systems applications and the aspects of future implementation of renewable energies making emphasis on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region status. The problem related to the use of RES and polices to enhance the use of these sources are also analysed in this paper. In addition the available capacity building, the technical know-how for each RE sources technology and localising manufacturing of RE equipments have been defined.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28359495" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="097586d8c34ace4167130efb6dcd37da" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48693801,"asset_id":28359495,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48693801/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53042373" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmineBoudgheneStambouli">Amine Boudghene Stambouli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53042373" type="text/json">{"id":53042373,"first_name":"Amine","last_name":"Boudghene Stambouli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AmineBoudgheneStambouli","display_name":"Amine Boudghene Stambouli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AmineBoudgheneStambouli?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28359495 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28359495"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28359495, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28359495", }); 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The interest for the development of renewable energies was perceived very early in Algeria with the creation of the solar energy institute as soon as 1962. Algeria plays a very important role in world energy markets, both as a significant hydrocarbons producer and exporter, as well as a key participant in the renewable energy market. Due to its geographical location, Algeria holds one of the highest solar reservoirs in the world. This paper deals with a review of the present renewable energy (RE) situation and assessed present and future potential of RE sources in Algeria. It also discusses the trends and expectation in solar and wind systems applications and the aspects of future implementation of renewable energies making emphasis on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region status. The problem related to the use of RES and polices to enhance the use of these sources are also analysed in this paper. In addition the available capacity building, the technical know-how for each RE sources technology and localising manufacturing of RE equipments have been defined.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48693801,"asset_id":28359495,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53042373,"first_name":"Amine","last_name":"Boudghene Stambouli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AmineBoudgheneStambouli","display_name":"Amine Boudghene Stambouli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AmineBoudgheneStambouli?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2798,"name":"Wind Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860"},{"id":20159,"name":"Capacity Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capacity_Building?f_ri=185860"},{"id":43986,"name":"Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity?f_ri=185860"},{"id":57254,"name":"Wind Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_Power?f_ri=185860"},{"id":63431,"name":"Solar Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_Energy?f_ri=185860"},{"id":76611,"name":"Clean Development Mechanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clean_Development_Mechanism?f_ri=185860"},{"id":137209,"name":"Solar Wind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_Wind?f_ri=185860"},{"id":160925,"name":"Energy Markets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Markets?f_ri=185860"},{"id":163173,"name":"Wind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":187062,"name":"Middle East and North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_and_North_Africa-1?f_ri=185860"},{"id":647835,"name":"Resource","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resource?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1807917,"name":"Installed Capacity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Installed_Capacity?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5410191" data-work_id="5410191" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5410191/Problems_and_prospects_of_adopting_ict_in_agriculture">Problems and prospects of adopting ict in agriculture</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Today, ICT has become one of the most important enabling forces for development. Previous studies have recognized the importance of the adoption processes. However they fail to define the principles and theory required in order to manage... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5410191" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Today, ICT has become one of the most important enabling forces for development. Previous studies have recognized the importance of the adoption processes. However they fail to define the principles and theory required in order to manage them successfully. Most studies focus on evaluating critical adoption success factors while broadly discussing the failure to adopt information technology. This paper is a focused attempt to contribute to a better understanding of adoption success factors and adoption problems of ICT in agriculture. It also highlights e-Agriculture as an emerging field focusing on the enhancement of agricultural and rural development through improved information and communication processes. The paper concludes that "End Users" are the key factor in defining the needs and critical success factors for ICT development and implementation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5410191" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d8a641f050eed373e3b03f8fe3c900a1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32543749,"asset_id":5410191,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32543749/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7555195" href="https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/FranklynNonso">Franklyn Chukwunonso</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7555195" type="text/json">{"id":7555195,"first_name":"Franklyn","last_name":"Chukwunonso","domain_name":"teknologimalaysia","page_name":"FranklynNonso","display_name":"Franklyn Chukwunonso","profile_url":"https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/FranklynNonso?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7555195/2738847/3190639/s65_franklyn.nonso.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5410191 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5410191"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5410191, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5410191", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5410191]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5410191").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5410191").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5410191"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems">Information Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37" type="text/json">{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="491" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology">Information Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="491" type="text/json">{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2274" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agribusiness">Agribusiness</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2274" type="text/json">{"id":2274,"name":"Agribusiness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agribusiness?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5167" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance">Governance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5167" type="text/json">{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5410191]'), work: {"id":5410191,"title":"Problems and prospects of adopting ict in agriculture","created_at":"2013-12-12T20:59:30.895-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5410191/Problems_and_prospects_of_adopting_ict_in_agriculture?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_5410191","summary":"Today, ICT has become one of the most important enabling forces for development. Previous studies have recognized the importance of the adoption processes. However they fail to define the principles and theory required in order to manage them successfully. Most studies focus on evaluating critical adoption success factors while broadly discussing the failure to adopt information technology. This paper is a focused attempt to contribute to a better understanding of adoption success factors and adoption problems of ICT in agriculture. It also highlights e-Agriculture as an emerging field focusing on the enhancement of agricultural and rural development through improved information and communication processes. The paper concludes that \"End Users\" are the key factor in defining the needs and critical success factors for ICT development and implementation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32543749,"asset_id":5410191,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7555195,"first_name":"Franklyn","last_name":"Chukwunonso","domain_name":"teknologimalaysia","page_name":"FranklynNonso","display_name":"Franklyn Chukwunonso","profile_url":"https://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/FranklynNonso?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7555195/2738847/3190639/s65_franklyn.nonso.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2274,"name":"Agribusiness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agribusiness?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":6664,"name":"Adoption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adoption?f_ri=185860"},{"id":8968,"name":"Productivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Productivity?f_ri=185860"},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=185860"},{"id":21318,"name":"Nigeria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nigeria?f_ri=185860"},{"id":139544,"name":"Barriers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Barriers?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":235972,"name":"THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN THE EFL CLASSROOM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/THE_USE_OF_INFORMATION_AND_COMMUNICATION_TECHNOLOGY_ICT_IN_THE_EFL_CLASSROOM?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1117206,"name":"Economic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4921806" data-work_id="4921806" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4921806/Agency_Theory_Implications_for_Strategic_Human_Resource_Management_Effects_of_CEO_Ownership_Administrative_HRM_and_Incentive_Alignment_on_Firm_Performance">Agency Theory Implications for Strategic Human Resource Management: Effects of CEO Ownership, Administrative HRM, and Incentive Alignment on Firm Performance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Agency theory is used to expand the research in strategic human resource management (SHRM) by viewing the construct underlying SHRM as control over all employees. We develop hypotheses on the effects of CEO ownership, administrative HRM,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4921806" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Agency theory is used to expand the research in strategic human resource management (SHRM) by viewing the construct underlying SHRM as control over all employees. We develop hypotheses on the effects of CEO ownership, administrative HRM, and incentive stock ownership on firm performance. The results indicate that administrative HRM has a negative effect on stock price. Incentive alignment via stock ownership has a positive effect on stock price and productivity. CEO ownership has a positive effect on sales but a negative impact on productivity. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. Agency Theory Implications for SHRM WP 96-17</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4921806" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c320baabadc6a78bfe3616e4707143f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49556716,"asset_id":4921806,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49556716/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6450985" href="https://independent.academia.edu/lindacyr">linda cyr</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6450985" type="text/json">{"id":6450985,"first_name":"linda","last_name":"cyr","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"lindacyr","display_name":"linda cyr","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/lindacyr?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4921806 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4921806"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4921806, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4921806", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4921806 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4921806; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4921806"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4921806 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4921806"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4921806; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4921806]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4921806").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4921806").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4921806"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management">Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38" type="text/json">{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6416" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Management">Human Resource Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6416" type="text/json">{"id":6416,"name":"Human Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8646" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agency_Theory">Agency Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8646" type="text/json">{"id":8646,"name":"Agency Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agency_Theory?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4921806]'), work: {"id":4921806,"title":"Agency Theory Implications for Strategic Human Resource Management: Effects of CEO Ownership, Administrative HRM, and Incentive Alignment on Firm Performance","created_at":"2013-10-29T00:46:06.695-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4921806/Agency_Theory_Implications_for_Strategic_Human_Resource_Management_Effects_of_CEO_Ownership_Administrative_HRM_and_Incentive_Alignment_on_Firm_Performance?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_4921806","summary":"Agency theory is used to expand the research in strategic human resource management (SHRM) by viewing the construct underlying SHRM as control over all employees. We develop hypotheses on the effects of CEO ownership, administrative HRM, and incentive stock ownership on firm performance. The results indicate that administrative HRM has a negative effect on stock price. Incentive alignment via stock ownership has a positive effect on stock price and productivity. CEO ownership has a positive effect on sales but a negative impact on productivity. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. Agency Theory Implications for SHRM WP 96-17","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49556716,"asset_id":4921806,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6450985,"first_name":"linda","last_name":"cyr","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"lindacyr","display_name":"linda cyr","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/lindacyr?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":6416,"name":"Human Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":8646,"name":"Agency Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agency_Theory?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=185860"},{"id":9060,"name":"Strategic Human Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Human_Resource_Management?f_ri=185860"},{"id":16606,"name":"Human Resource","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource?f_ri=185860"},{"id":68802,"name":"Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organization?f_ri=185860"},{"id":87272,"name":"Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Work?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":321913,"name":"Stock","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stock?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64096863" data-work_id="64096863" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64096863/The_influence_of_financial_incentive_on_teacher_motivation_and_learner_performance_in_rural_Namibian_schools">The influence of financial incentive on teacher motivation and learner performance in rural Namibian schools</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">One of the challenges facing education systems worldwide is the motivation of qualified teachers to teach at rural schools. Teaching at rural schools is a challenge as rural areas are characterised by adverse living and working... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64096863" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">One of the challenges facing education systems worldwide is the motivation of qualified teachers to teach at rural schools. Teaching at rural schools is a challenge as rural areas are characterised by adverse living and working conditions, making qualified teachers prefer living and working at urban schools where conditions are more comfortable. Namibia implemented the financial incentive to motivate qualified teachers to teach at rural schools and improve learner performance. The implementation of the financial incentive in Namibia has received little research attention in establishing its effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the financial incentive on the performance of learners at rural schools, as this performance relates to teacher motivation. To achieve this, a literature study and an empirical investigation were conducted. An interpretivist research paradigm informed the methodology for the study. A mixed-methods research approach, which relied more on a qualitative research design, included a research sample of 28 teachers, five school principals and two education officials. Data were collected through interviews and document analysis. Individual interviews were conducted with education officials and school principals. Focus group interviews were conducted with teachers. Document analysis entailed accessing applicable documents of each research site in the office of the school principal. Textual data were analysed and presented thematically and numeric data were analysed and presented as frequencies and percentages. Key findings established that financial incentive has contributed little to the performance of learners in rural schools. The fact that rural schools are not properly categorised according to environmental challenges results in teachers not receiving realistic financial incentive. Teachers were therefore not motivated by financial incentive, but by other factors relating to being tuned to nature in rural areas, being exposed to lower living costs and enjoying accommodating school leadership and community care. A revisiting of the implementation of the financial incentive is recommended in order to negate shortcomings and enhance the potential of financial incentive to contribute to improved learner performance as steered by motivated teachers.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64096863" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e729bdbdedb49f974e0dacd10afe48c3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76289112,"asset_id":64096863,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76289112/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26071255" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElockShikalepo">Elock E Shikalepo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26071255" type="text/json">{"id":26071255,"first_name":"Elock","last_name":"Shikalepo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElockShikalepo","display_name":"Elock E Shikalepo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElockShikalepo?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26071255/7161452/64671189/s65_elock.shikalepo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64096863 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64096863"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64096863, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64096863", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64096863]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64096863").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64096863").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64096863"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="887" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning">Teaching and Learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="887" type="text/json">{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2819" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural">Rural</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2819" type="text/json">{"id":2819,"name":"Rural","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4192" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Employee_Motivation">Employee Motivation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4192" type="text/json">{"id":4192,"name":"Employee Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Employee_Motivation?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64096863]'), work: {"id":64096863,"title":"The influence of financial incentive on teacher motivation and learner performance in rural Namibian schools","created_at":"2021-12-14T08:18:56.131-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64096863/The_influence_of_financial_incentive_on_teacher_motivation_and_learner_performance_in_rural_Namibian_schools?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_64096863","summary":"One of the challenges facing education systems worldwide is the motivation of qualified teachers to teach at rural schools. Teaching at rural schools is a challenge as rural areas are characterised by adverse living and working conditions, making qualified teachers prefer living and working at urban schools where conditions are more comfortable. Namibia implemented the financial incentive to motivate qualified teachers to teach at rural schools and improve learner performance. The implementation of the financial incentive in Namibia has received little research attention in establishing its effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the financial incentive on the performance of learners at rural schools, as this performance relates to teacher motivation. To achieve this, a literature study and an empirical investigation were conducted. An interpretivist research paradigm informed the methodology for the study. A mixed-methods research approach, which relied more on a qualitative research design, included a research sample of 28 teachers, five school principals and two education officials. Data were collected through interviews and document analysis. Individual interviews were conducted with education officials and school principals. Focus group interviews were conducted with teachers. Document analysis entailed accessing applicable documents of each research site in the office of the school principal. Textual data were analysed and presented thematically and numeric data were analysed and presented as frequencies and percentages. Key findings established that financial incentive has contributed little to the performance of learners in rural schools. The fact that rural schools are not properly categorised according to environmental challenges results in teachers not receiving realistic financial incentive. Teachers were therefore not motivated by financial incentive, but by other factors relating to being tuned to nature in rural areas, being exposed to lower living costs and enjoying accommodating school leadership and community care. A revisiting of the implementation of the financial incentive is recommended in order to negate shortcomings and enhance the potential of financial incentive to contribute to improved learner performance as steered by motivated teachers.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76289112,"asset_id":64096863,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26071255,"first_name":"Elock","last_name":"Shikalepo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElockShikalepo","display_name":"Elock E Shikalepo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElockShikalepo?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26071255/7161452/64671189/s65_elock.shikalepo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2819,"name":"Rural","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":4192,"name":"Employee Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Employee_Motivation?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":20603,"name":"Rural education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_education?f_ri=185860"},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":76424,"name":"Academic Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Performance?f_ri=185860"},{"id":146057,"name":"Rewards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rewards?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":503326,"name":"Rewards and Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rewards_and_Motivation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":560130,"name":"Rural School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_School?f_ri=185860"},{"id":746401,"name":"Financial Incentives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Incentives?f_ri=185860"},{"id":960864,"name":"Good Teacher","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Good_Teacher?f_ri=185860"},{"id":3904381,"name":"Rural School Teachers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_School_Teachers?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21762636" data-work_id="21762636" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21762636/The_role_of_conditioning_learning_and_dopamine_in_sexual_behavior_A_narrative_review_of_animal_and_human_studies">The role of conditioning, learning and dopamine in sexual behavior: A narrative review of animal and human studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Please cite this article in press as: Brom, M., et al., The role of conditioning, learning and dopamine in sexual behavior: A narrative review of animal and human studies. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. (2013), http://dx.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21762636" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f200ab4dc1c30a1cd488cdc3222b34c5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42533935,"asset_id":21762636,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42533935/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42975189" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/PhilipSpinhoven">Philip Spinhoven</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42975189" type="text/json">{"id":42975189,"first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Spinhoven","domain_name":"leidenuni","page_name":"PhilipSpinhoven","display_name":"Philip Spinhoven","profile_url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/PhilipSpinhoven?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42975189/78102301/66648603/s65_philip.spinhoven.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21762636 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21762636"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21762636, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21762636", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21762636 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21762636; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21762636"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21762636 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21762636"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21762636; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21762636]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21762636").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21762636").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21762636"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2852" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative">Narrative</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2852" type="text/json">{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43774" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning">Learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43774" type="text/json">{"id":43774,"name":"Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51566" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine">Dopamine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51566" type="text/json">{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58514" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Conditioning">Classical Conditioning</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58514" type="text/json">{"id":58514,"name":"Classical Conditioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Conditioning?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21762636]'), work: {"id":21762636,"title":"The role of conditioning, learning and dopamine in sexual behavior: A narrative review of animal and human studies","created_at":"2016-02-10T02:39:30.943-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21762636/The_role_of_conditioning_learning_and_dopamine_in_sexual_behavior_A_narrative_review_of_animal_and_human_studies?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_21762636","summary":"Please cite this article in press as: Brom, M., et al., The role of conditioning, learning and dopamine in sexual behavior: A narrative review of animal and human studies. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. (2013), http://dx.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42533935,"asset_id":21762636,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42975189,"first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Spinhoven","domain_name":"leidenuni","page_name":"PhilipSpinhoven","display_name":"Philip Spinhoven","profile_url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/PhilipSpinhoven?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42975189/78102301/66648603/s65_philip.spinhoven.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":43774,"name":"Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":58514,"name":"Classical Conditioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Conditioning?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=185860"},{"id":63288,"name":"Narration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narration?f_ri=185860"},{"id":111921,"name":"Sexual Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Behavior?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51432551" data-work_id="51432551" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51432551/THE_INFLUENCE_OF_FINANCIAL_INCENTIVE_ON_TEACHER_MOTIVATION_AND_LEARNER_PERFORMANCE_IN_RURAL_NAMIBIAN_SCHOOLS">THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL INCENTIVE ON TEACHER MOTIVATION AND LEARNER PERFORMANCE IN RURAL NAMIBIAN SCHOOLS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">One of the challenges facing education systems worldwide is the motivation of qualified teachers to teach at rural schools. Teaching at rural schools is a challenge as rural areas are characterised by adverse living and working... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51432551" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">One of the challenges facing education systems worldwide is the motivation of qualified teachers to teach at rural schools. Teaching at rural schools is a challenge as rural areas are characterised by adverse living and working conditions, making qualified teachers prefer living and working at urban schools where conditions are more comfortable. Namibia implemented the financial incentive to motivate qualified teachers to teach at rural schools and improve learner performance. The implementation of the financial incentive in Namibia has received little research attention in establishing its effectiveness.<br />The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the financial incentive on the performance of learners at rural schools, as this performance relates to teacher motivation. To achieve this, a literature study and an empirical investigation were conducted. An interpretivist research paradigm informed the methodology for the study. A mixed-methods research approach, which relied more on a qualitative research design, included a research sample of 28 teachers, five school principals and two education officials. Data were collected through interviews and document analysis. Individual interviews were conducted with education officials and school principals. Focus group interviews were conducted with teachers. Document analysis entailed accessing applicable documents of each research site in the office of the school principal. Textual data were analysed and presented thematically and numeric data were analysed and presented as frequencies and percentages.<br />Key findings established that financial incentive has contributed little to the performance of learners in rural schools. The fact that rural schools are not properly categorised according to environmental challenges results in teachers not receiving realistic financial incentive. Teachers were therefore not motivated by financial incentive, but by other factors relating to being tuned to nature in rural areas, being exposed to lower living costs and enjoying accommodating school leadership and community care. A revisiting of the implementation of the financial incentive is recommended in order to negate shortcomings and enhance the potential of financial incentive to contribute to improved learner performance as steered by motivated teachers.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51432551" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a779dcd0cf271b45f6814416fce9dc7d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69160374,"asset_id":51432551,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69160374/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26071255" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElockShikalepo">Elock E Shikalepo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26071255" type="text/json">{"id":26071255,"first_name":"Elock","last_name":"Shikalepo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElockShikalepo","display_name":"Elock E Shikalepo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElockShikalepo?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26071255/7161452/64671189/s65_elock.shikalepo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51432551 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51432551"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51432551, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51432551", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51432551]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51432551").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51432551").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51432551"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="887" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning">Teaching and Learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="887" type="text/json">{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2819" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural">Rural</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2819" type="text/json">{"id":2819,"name":"Rural","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4192" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Employee_Motivation">Employee Motivation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4192" type="text/json">{"id":4192,"name":"Employee Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Employee_Motivation?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51432551]'), work: {"id":51432551,"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL INCENTIVE ON TEACHER MOTIVATION AND LEARNER PERFORMANCE IN RURAL NAMIBIAN SCHOOLS","created_at":"2021-09-07T09:08:22.189-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51432551/THE_INFLUENCE_OF_FINANCIAL_INCENTIVE_ON_TEACHER_MOTIVATION_AND_LEARNER_PERFORMANCE_IN_RURAL_NAMIBIAN_SCHOOLS?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_51432551","summary":"One of the challenges facing education systems worldwide is the motivation of qualified teachers to teach at rural schools. Teaching at rural schools is a challenge as rural areas are characterised by adverse living and working conditions, making qualified teachers prefer living and working at urban schools where conditions are more comfortable. Namibia implemented the financial incentive to motivate qualified teachers to teach at rural schools and improve learner performance. The implementation of the financial incentive in Namibia has received little research attention in establishing its effectiveness.\nThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the financial incentive on the performance of learners at rural schools, as this performance relates to teacher motivation. To achieve this, a literature study and an empirical investigation were conducted. An interpretivist research paradigm informed the methodology for the study. A mixed-methods research approach, which relied more on a qualitative research design, included a research sample of 28 teachers, five school principals and two education officials. Data were collected through interviews and document analysis. Individual interviews were conducted with education officials and school principals. Focus group interviews were conducted with teachers. Document analysis entailed accessing applicable documents of each research site in the office of the school principal. Textual data were analysed and presented thematically and numeric data were analysed and presented as frequencies and percentages.\nKey findings established that financial incentive has contributed little to the performance of learners in rural schools. The fact that rural schools are not properly categorised according to environmental challenges results in teachers not receiving realistic financial incentive. Teachers were therefore not motivated by financial incentive, but by other factors relating to being tuned to nature in rural areas, being exposed to lower living costs and enjoying accommodating school leadership and community care. A revisiting of the implementation of the financial incentive is recommended in order to negate shortcomings and enhance the potential of financial incentive to contribute to improved learner performance as steered by motivated teachers.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69160374,"asset_id":51432551,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26071255,"first_name":"Elock","last_name":"Shikalepo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElockShikalepo","display_name":"Elock E Shikalepo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElockShikalepo?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26071255/7161452/64671189/s65_elock.shikalepo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2819,"name":"Rural","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":4192,"name":"Employee Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Employee_Motivation?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":20603,"name":"Rural education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_education?f_ri=185860"},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":76424,"name":"Academic Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Performance?f_ri=185860"},{"id":146057,"name":"Rewards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rewards?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":503326,"name":"Rewards and Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rewards_and_Motivation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":560130,"name":"Rural School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_School?f_ri=185860"},{"id":746401,"name":"Financial Incentives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Incentives?f_ri=185860"},{"id":960864,"name":"Good Teacher","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Good_Teacher?f_ri=185860"},{"id":3904381,"name":"Rural School Teachers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_School_Teachers?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8207726" data-work_id="8207726" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8207726/The_SEEKING_mind_Primal_neuro_affective_substrates_for_appetitive_incentive_states_and_their_pathological_dynamics_in_addictions_and_depression">The SEEKING mind: Primal neuro-affective substrates for appetitive incentive states and their pathological dynamics in addictions and depression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Please cite this article in press as: Alcaro, A., Panksepp, J., The SEEKING mind: Primal neuro-affective substrates for appetitive incentive states and their pathological dynamics in addictions and depression. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8207726" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Please cite this article in press as: Alcaro, A., Panksepp, J., The SEEKING mind: Primal neuro-affective substrates for appetitive incentive states and their pathological dynamics in addictions and depression. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. (2011), a b s t r a c t Appetitive motivation and incentive states are essential functions sustained by a common emotional brain process, the SEEKING disposition, which drives explorative and approach behaviors, sustains goaldirected activity, promotes anticipatory cognitions, and evokes feelings of positive excitement which control reward-learning. All such functions are orchestrated by the same "archetypical" neural processes, activated in ancient subcortical areas and transported to the forebrain by the mesolimbic dopamine (ML-DA) system. In mammals, the neurophysiology of the SEEKING urge is expressed by DA-promoted high-frequency oscillations, in the form of transient and synchronized gamma waves (>30 Hz) emerging in limbic forebrain and diffusing throughout basal ganglia-thalamocortical (BG-T-C) circuits. These patterns may be considered basic "SEEKING neurodynamic impulses" which represent the primary-process exploratory disposition getting integrated with information relative to the external and the internal environment.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8207726" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7a01ed07d723fc6aed805f7dfc76ca5e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44176140,"asset_id":8207726,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44176140/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16110759" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AntonioAlcaro">Antonio Alcaro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16110759" type="text/json">{"id":16110759,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Alcaro","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AntonioAlcaro","display_name":"Antonio Alcaro","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AntonioAlcaro?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8207726 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8207726"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8207726, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8207726", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8207726]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8207726").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8207726").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8207726"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion">Emotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="254" type="text/json">{"id":254,"name":"Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2483" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction">Addiction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2483" type="text/json">{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25804" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurobiology">Neurobiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25804" type="text/json">{"id":25804,"name":"Neurobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurobiology?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8207726]'), work: {"id":8207726,"title":"The SEEKING mind: Primal neuro-affective substrates for appetitive incentive states and their pathological dynamics in addictions and depression","created_at":"2014-09-05T01:12:35.144-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8207726/The_SEEKING_mind_Primal_neuro_affective_substrates_for_appetitive_incentive_states_and_their_pathological_dynamics_in_addictions_and_depression?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_8207726","summary":"Please cite this article in press as: Alcaro, A., Panksepp, J., The SEEKING mind: Primal neuro-affective substrates for appetitive incentive states and their pathological dynamics in addictions and depression. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. (2011), a b s t r a c t Appetitive motivation and incentive states are essential functions sustained by a common emotional brain process, the SEEKING disposition, which drives explorative and approach behaviors, sustains goaldirected activity, promotes anticipatory cognitions, and evokes feelings of positive excitement which control reward-learning. All such functions are orchestrated by the same \"archetypical\" neural processes, activated in ancient subcortical areas and transported to the forebrain by the mesolimbic dopamine (ML-DA) system. In mammals, the neurophysiology of the SEEKING urge is expressed by DA-promoted high-frequency oscillations, in the form of transient and synchronized gamma waves (\u003e30 Hz) emerging in limbic forebrain and diffusing throughout basal ganglia-thalamocortical (BG-T-C) circuits. These patterns may be considered basic \"SEEKING neurodynamic impulses\" which represent the primary-process exploratory disposition getting integrated with information relative to the external and the internal environment.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44176140,"asset_id":8207726,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16110759,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Alcaro","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AntonioAlcaro","display_name":"Antonio Alcaro","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AntonioAlcaro?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":254,"name":"Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":25804,"name":"Neurobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurobiology?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":43774,"name":"Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning?f_ri=185860"},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":48458,"name":"High Frequency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Frequency?f_ri=185860"},{"id":50238,"name":"Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affect?f_ri=185860"},{"id":157943,"name":"Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=185860"},{"id":171144,"name":"Mental Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Disorders?f_ri=185860"},{"id":174781,"name":"Oscillations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oscillations?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=185860"},{"id":637718,"name":"Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nervous_System?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1423077,"name":"Substance-Related Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance-Related_Disorders?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1427656,"name":"Drug Seeking Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Seeking_Behavior?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_434912" data-work_id="434912" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/434912/Project_Alliancing_at_National_Museum_of_Australia_The_Collaborative_Process">Project Alliancing at National Museum of Australia: The Collaborative Process</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/434912" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f71a751b6db6d34de12197cd3d73bb3b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51411203,"asset_id":434912,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51411203/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered 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Hampson","profile_url":"https://curtin.academia.edu/KeithHampson?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/326242/60974993/49244780/s65_keith.hampson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2277,"name":"Project Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_Management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":9629,"name":"Construction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":13975,"name":"Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":43968,"name":"Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":43981,"name":"Optimization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization?f_ri=185860"},{"id":49419,"name":"Problem Solving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Problem_Solving?f_ri=185860"},{"id":101782,"name":"Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":212758,"name":"Trend Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trend_Analysis?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1211171,"name":"Construction Engineering Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Engineering_Management?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1500577,"name":"Building Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building_Industry?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25866192" data-work_id="25866192" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25866192/Incentives_and_their_Effects_on_Information_Systems_Projects">Incentives and their Effects on Information Systems Projects</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Information systems (IS) projects are often delivered late, over budget, and not always to required specifications. This is an ongoing problem that has eluded researchers and practitioners for decades, but to overcome these problems... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25866192" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Information systems (IS) projects are often delivered late, over budget, and not always to required specifications. This is an ongoing problem that has eluded researchers and practitioners for decades, but to overcome these problems better ways to manage the success of project development and implementation are needed. We investigate the use of incentives in IS projects during development and implementation and draw upon an agency-based compensation model and suggests that incentives positively impact IS development and implementation. Practitioners were surveyed about the use of incentives. Incentives seem to improve the rate of IS development and implementation and better control IS expenditure and resources. Incentive-based contracts improve alignment with management objectives by managing factors that influence the behaviour of IS personnel. Thus incentive-based contracts specifying productivity and performance criteria can reduce IS project duration and cost.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25866192" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4af06913d53952dea0ffa99e09d04564" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46232541,"asset_id":25866192,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46232541/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49653047" href="https://uq.academia.edu/JHeales">Jon Heales</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49653047" type="text/json">{"id":49653047,"first_name":"Jon","last_name":"Heales","domain_name":"uq","page_name":"JHeales","display_name":"Jon Heales","profile_url":"https://uq.academia.edu/JHeales?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25866192 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25866192"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25866192, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25866192", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25866192]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25866192").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25866192").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25866192"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2277" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_Management">Project Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2277" type="text/json">{"id":2277,"name":"Project Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_Management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9043" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance">Performance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9043" type="text/json">{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13975" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract">Contract</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13975" type="text/json">{"id":13975,"name":"Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88983" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_manager">Project manager</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="88983" type="text/json">{"id":88983,"name":"Project manager","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_manager?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25866192]'), work: {"id":25866192,"title":"Incentives and their Effects on Information Systems Projects","created_at":"2016-06-04T14:08:51.212-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25866192/Incentives_and_their_Effects_on_Information_Systems_Projects?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_25866192","summary":"Information systems (IS) projects are often delivered late, over budget, and not always to required specifications. This is an ongoing problem that has eluded researchers and practitioners for decades, but to overcome these problems better ways to manage the success of project development and implementation are needed. We investigate the use of incentives in IS projects during development and implementation and draw upon an agency-based compensation model and suggests that incentives positively impact IS development and implementation. Practitioners were surveyed about the use of incentives. Incentives seem to improve the rate of IS development and implementation and better control IS expenditure and resources. Incentive-based contracts improve alignment with management objectives by managing factors that influence the behaviour of IS personnel. Thus incentive-based contracts specifying productivity and performance criteria can reduce IS project duration and cost.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46232541,"asset_id":25866192,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49653047,"first_name":"Jon","last_name":"Heales","domain_name":"uq","page_name":"JHeales","display_name":"Jon Heales","profile_url":"https://uq.academia.edu/JHeales?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2277,"name":"Project Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_Management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":13975,"name":"Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":88983,"name":"Project manager","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_manager?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":250209,"name":"Information system development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_system_development?f_ri=185860"},{"id":316093,"name":"Software Requirement Specification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Requirement_Specification?f_ri=185860"},{"id":2213585,"name":"Information System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_System?f_ri=185860"},{"id":2472900,"name":"Ecis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecis?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50143191" data-work_id="50143191" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50143191/Perspectives_on_biodiesel_as_a_sustainable_fuel">Perspectives on biodiesel as a sustainable fuel</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50143191" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5ee0f40bf7f7d1e5b30d100ceec5c499" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68240311,"asset_id":50143191,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68240311/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17822485" href="https://ubc.academia.edu/NEllis">Naoko Ellis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17822485" type="text/json">{"id":17822485,"first_name":"Naoko","last_name":"Ellis","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"NEllis","display_name":"Naoko Ellis","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/NEllis?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50143191 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50143191"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50143191, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50143191", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50143191]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50143191").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50143191").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50143191"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3442" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production">Production</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3442" type="text/json">{"id":3442,"name":"Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5609" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy">Energy Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5609" type="text/json">{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7892" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiesel">Biodiesel</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7892" type="text/json">{"id":7892,"name":"Biodiesel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiesel?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50143191]'), work: {"id":50143191,"title":"Perspectives on biodiesel as a sustainable fuel","created_at":"2021-07-21T20:57:19.140-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50143191/Perspectives_on_biodiesel_as_a_sustainable_fuel?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_50143191","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68240311,"asset_id":50143191,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17822485,"first_name":"Naoko","last_name":"Ellis","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"NEllis","display_name":"Naoko Ellis","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/NEllis?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":3442,"name":"Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":7892,"name":"Biodiesel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiesel?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":55550,"name":"Diversification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diversification?f_ri=185860"},{"id":80691,"name":"Raw materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raw_materials?f_ri=185860"},{"id":93647,"name":"Biofuel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofuel?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":374713,"name":"Cost Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Analysis?f_ri=185860"},{"id":385144,"name":"Production Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_Process?f_ri=185860"},{"id":2843567,"name":"materia prima","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/materia_prima?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75059028" data-work_id="75059028" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75059028/Nurse_staffing_and_quality_of_care_in_UK_general_practice_cross_sectional_study_using_routinely_collected_data">Nurse staffing and quality of care in UK general practice: cross-sectional study using routinely collected data</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In many UK general practices, nurses have been used to deliver results against the indicators of the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), a 'pay for performance' scheme. To determine the association between the level of nurse staffing in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75059028" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In many UK general practices, nurses have been used to deliver results against the indicators of the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), a 'pay for performance' scheme. To determine the association between the level of nurse staffing in general practice and the quality of clinical care as measured by the QOF. Cross-sectional analysis of routine data. English general practice in 2005/2006. QOF data from 7456 general practices were linked with a database of practice characteristics, nurse staffing data, and census-derived data on population characteristics and measures of population density. Multi-level modelling explored the relationship between QOF performance and the number of patients per fulltime equivalent nurse. The outcome measures were achievement of quality of care for eight clinical domains as rated by the QOF, and reported achievement of 10 clinical outcome indicators derived from it. A high level of nurse staffing (fewer patients per fulltime equivalent practice-employed nurse) was significantly associated with better performance in 4/8 clinical domains of the QOF (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension, P = 0.004 to P<0.001) and in 4/10 clinical outcome indicators (diabetes: glycosylated haemoglobin [HbA1C] ≤7.4%, HbA1C ≤10% and total cholesterol ≤193 mg/dl; and stroke: total cholesterol ≤5 mmol/L, P = 0.0057 to P<0.001). Practices that employ more nurses perform better in a number of clinical domains measured by the QOF. This improved performance includes better intermediate clinical outcomes, suggesting real patient benefit may be associated with using nurses to deliver care to meet QOF targets.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75059028" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="614aff01ea87e3b70bfa552a6c72b4eb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83476947,"asset_id":75059028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83476947/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="138505" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/TrevorMurrells">Trevor J Murrells</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="138505" type="text/json">{"id":138505,"first_name":"Trevor","last_name":"Murrells","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"TrevorMurrells","display_name":"Trevor J Murrells","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/TrevorMurrells?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75059028 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75059028"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75059028, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75059028", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75059028]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75059028").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75059028").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75059028"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="586" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="586" type="text/json">{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="634" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Practice">General Practice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="634" type="text/json">{"id":634,"name":"General Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Practice?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5409" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Outcomes">Health Outcomes</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5409" type="text/json">{"id":5409,"name":"Health Outcomes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Outcomes?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75059028]'), work: {"id":75059028,"title":"Nurse staffing and quality of care in UK general practice: cross-sectional study using routinely collected data","created_at":"2022-03-31T04:19:04.543-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75059028/Nurse_staffing_and_quality_of_care_in_UK_general_practice_cross_sectional_study_using_routinely_collected_data?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_75059028","summary":"In many UK general practices, nurses have been used to deliver results against the indicators of the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), a 'pay for performance' scheme. To determine the association between the level of nurse staffing in general practice and the quality of clinical care as measured by the QOF. Cross-sectional analysis of routine data. English general practice in 2005/2006. QOF data from 7456 general practices were linked with a database of practice characteristics, nurse staffing data, and census-derived data on population characteristics and measures of population density. Multi-level modelling explored the relationship between QOF performance and the number of patients per fulltime equivalent nurse. The outcome measures were achievement of quality of care for eight clinical domains as rated by the QOF, and reported achievement of 10 clinical outcome indicators derived from it. A high level of nurse staffing (fewer patients per fulltime equivalent practice-employed nurse) was significantly associated with better performance in 4/8 clinical domains of the QOF (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension, P = 0.004 to P\u003c0.001) and in 4/10 clinical outcome indicators (diabetes: glycosylated haemoglobin [HbA1C] ≤7.4%, HbA1C ≤10% and total cholesterol ≤193 mg/dl; and stroke: total cholesterol ≤5 mmol/L, P = 0.0057 to P\u003c0.001). Practices that employ more nurses perform better in a number of clinical domains measured by the QOF. This improved performance includes better intermediate clinical outcomes, suggesting real patient benefit may be associated with using nurses to deliver care to meet QOF targets.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83476947,"asset_id":75059028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":138505,"first_name":"Trevor","last_name":"Murrells","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"TrevorMurrells","display_name":"Trevor J Murrells","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/TrevorMurrells?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":634,"name":"General Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Practice?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5409,"name":"Health Outcomes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Outcomes?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":7324,"name":"British","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British?f_ri=185860"},{"id":16635,"name":"Health Services Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Services_Research?f_ri=185860"},{"id":25469,"name":"Family Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Practice?f_ri=185860"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=185860"},{"id":29393,"name":"Healthcare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthcare?f_ri=185860"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=185860"},{"id":87236,"name":"Healthcare workforce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthcare_workforce?f_ri=185860"},{"id":87276,"name":"Health Care Workforrce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_Workforrce?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":966020,"name":"Cross sectional Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_sectional_Study?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_46774697 coauthored" data-work_id="46774697" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/46774697/PKMASN_LAN_Model_Insentif_Kesejahteraan_Aparatur_Sipil_Negara_ASN_untuk_Kategori_Resiko_Tinggi_High_Risk_">PKMASN LAN_Model Insentif Kesejahteraan Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) untuk Kategori Resiko Tinggi (High Risk)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/46774697" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7c54a69d72d5c519423017a8d6dba860" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66252545,"asset_id":46774697,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66252545/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19356462" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VincentSimandjorang">Bonataon M . T . Vincent Simandjorang</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19356462" type="text/json">{"id":19356462,"first_name":"Bonataon","last_name":"Vincent Simandjorang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VincentSimandjorang","display_name":"Bonataon M . T . Vincent Simandjorang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VincentSimandjorang?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19356462/5651161/35685589/s65_vincent.simandjorang.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-46774697">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-46774697"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ugm.academia.edu/AndhiKurniawan">Andhi Kurniawan</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-46774697'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-46774697').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_46774697 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="46774697"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 46774697, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_46774697", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_46774697 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 46774697; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_46774697"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_46774697 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="46774697"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 46774697; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=46774697]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_46774697").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_46774697").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="46774697"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="185860" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive">Incentive</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="185860" type="text/json">{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="515291" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Servants">Civil Servants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="515291" type="text/json">{"id":515291,"name":"Civil Servants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Servants?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=46774697]'), work: {"id":46774697,"title":"PKMASN LAN_Model Insentif Kesejahteraan Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) untuk Kategori Resiko Tinggi (High Risk)","created_at":"2021-04-12T22:53:03.625-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/46774697/PKMASN_LAN_Model_Insentif_Kesejahteraan_Aparatur_Sipil_Negara_ASN_untuk_Kategori_Resiko_Tinggi_High_Risk_?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_46774697","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66252545,"asset_id":46774697,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19356462,"first_name":"Bonataon","last_name":"Vincent Simandjorang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VincentSimandjorang","display_name":"Bonataon M . T . Vincent Simandjorang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VincentSimandjorang?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19356462/5651161/35685589/s65_vincent.simandjorang.jpg"},{"id":2714022,"first_name":"Andhi","last_name":"Kurniawan","domain_name":"ugm","page_name":"AndhiKurniawan","display_name":"Andhi Kurniawan","profile_url":"https://ugm.academia.edu/AndhiKurniawan?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2714022/873219/1089939/s65_andhi.kurniawan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":515291,"name":"Civil Servants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Servants?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41491619" data-work_id="41491619" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41491619/EXPLORING_TRAVEL_BEHAVIOR_CHANGE_OPPORTUNITIES_THROUGH_A_SPATIAL_TEMPORAL_DIMENSIONED_PERSUASION_FRAMEWORK">EXPLORING TRAVEL BEHAVIOR CHANGE OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH A SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DIMENSIONED PERSUASION FRAMEWORK</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41491619" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="020c8bca547eb8078bbde80beb9638fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61662111,"asset_id":41491619,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61662111/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47504978" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AliArian2">Ali Arian</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47504978" type="text/json">{"id":47504978,"first_name":"Ali","last_name":"Arian","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AliArian2","display_name":"Ali Arian","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AliArian2?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47504978/13438210/14645705/s65_ali.arian.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41491619 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41491619"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41491619, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41491619", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41491619]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41491619").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41491619").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41491619"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4863" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GPS_Applications">GPS Applications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4863" type="text/json">{"id":4863,"name":"GPS Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GPS_Applications?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10432" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation">Transportation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10432" type="text/json">{"id":10432,"name":"Transportation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13805" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Economics">Behavioral Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13805" type="text/json">{"id":13805,"name":"Behavioral Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Economics?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="185860" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive">Incentive</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="185860" type="text/json">{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41491619]'), work: {"id":41491619,"title":"EXPLORING TRAVEL BEHAVIOR CHANGE OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH A SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DIMENSIONED PERSUASION FRAMEWORK","created_at":"2020-01-02T07:57:28.135-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41491619/EXPLORING_TRAVEL_BEHAVIOR_CHANGE_OPPORTUNITIES_THROUGH_A_SPATIAL_TEMPORAL_DIMENSIONED_PERSUASION_FRAMEWORK?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_41491619","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61662111,"asset_id":41491619,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47504978,"first_name":"Ali","last_name":"Arian","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AliArian2","display_name":"Ali Arian","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AliArian2?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47504978/13438210/14645705/s65_ali.arian.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4863,"name":"GPS Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GPS_Applications?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":10432,"name":"Transportation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":13805,"name":"Behavioral Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Economics?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":479534,"name":"Smartphone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smartphone?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7045793" data-work_id="7045793" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7045793/An_overview_of_biomass_energy_utilization_in_Pakistan">An overview of biomass energy utilization in Pakistan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Energy plays a pivotal role in socio-economic development by raising standard of living. Biomass has been used as an energy source for thousands of years by the humankind. Traditional fuels like firewood, dung and crop residues currently... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7045793" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Energy plays a pivotal role in socio-economic development by raising standard of living. Biomass has been used as an energy source for thousands of years by the humankind. Traditional fuels like firewood, dung and crop residues currently contribute a major share in meeting the everyday energy requirements of rural and low-income urban households in Pakistan. An average biomass using household consumes 2325 kg of firewood or 1480 kg of dung or 1160 kg of crop residues per annum. There are good prospects for using biogas energy in rural areas through a network of community biogas plants. Development of fuel-efficient cook stoves is a modest effort to help conserve biomass energy at domestic level. PCRET has so far installed 60,000 energy-conserving, improved cooking stoves all over the country, which are 12-28% efficient. E-10 gasoline pilot project and research on biodiesel production are underway. Sugarcane bagasse can potentially be used to generate 2000 MW of electric power. Attention is now being given to the use of municipal and industrial waste for power generation. The government is financing many projects related to biomass energy development in the country, but still lot more efforts are needed for harnessing full potential and taking maximum benefit out of this important renewable energy resource. r</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7045793" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="08f5eff3e9eab7d61f96ee336961f6b5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48621015,"asset_id":7045793,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48621015/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12034079" href="https://ciit-isb.academia.edu/NasirAhmad">Nasir Ahmad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12034079" type="text/json">{"id":12034079,"first_name":"Nasir","last_name":"Ahmad","domain_name":"ciit-isb","page_name":"NasirAhmad","display_name":"Nasir Ahmad","profile_url":"https://ciit-isb.academia.edu/NasirAhmad?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7045793 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7045793"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7045793, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7045793", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7045793]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7045793").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7045793").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7045793"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5411" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass">Biomass</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5411" type="text/json">{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5412" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy">Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5412" type="text/json">{"id":5412,"name":"Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5609" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy">Energy Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5609" type="text/json">{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7045793]'), work: {"id":7045793,"title":"An overview of biomass energy utilization in Pakistan","created_at":"2014-05-14T05:54:11.259-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7045793/An_overview_of_biomass_energy_utilization_in_Pakistan?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_7045793","summary":"Energy plays a pivotal role in socio-economic development by raising standard of living. Biomass has been used as an energy source for thousands of years by the humankind. Traditional fuels like firewood, dung and crop residues currently contribute a major share in meeting the everyday energy requirements of rural and low-income urban households in Pakistan. An average biomass using household consumes 2325 kg of firewood or 1480 kg of dung or 1160 kg of crop residues per annum. There are good prospects for using biogas energy in rural areas through a network of community biogas plants. Development of fuel-efficient cook stoves is a modest effort to help conserve biomass energy at domestic level. PCRET has so far installed 60,000 energy-conserving, improved cooking stoves all over the country, which are 12-28% efficient. E-10 gasoline pilot project and research on biodiesel production are underway. Sugarcane bagasse can potentially be used to generate 2000 MW of electric power. Attention is now being given to the use of municipal and industrial waste for power generation. The government is financing many projects related to biomass energy development in the country, but still lot more efforts are needed for harnessing full potential and taking maximum benefit out of this important renewable energy resource. r","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48621015,"asset_id":7045793,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12034079,"first_name":"Nasir","last_name":"Ahmad","domain_name":"ciit-isb","page_name":"NasirAhmad","display_name":"Nasir Ahmad","profile_url":"https://ciit-isb.academia.edu/NasirAhmad?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5412,"name":"Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":6962,"name":"Energy Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Conservation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":7892,"name":"Biodiesel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiesel?f_ri=185860"},{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=185860"},{"id":15784,"name":"Biogas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogas?f_ri=185860"},{"id":72415,"name":"Power Generation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Generation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185085,"name":"Crop Residue Burning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crop_Residue_Burning?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":493082,"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_and_Sustainable_Energy_Systems?f_ri=185860"},{"id":532843,"name":"Industrial Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Waste?f_ri=185860"},{"id":630848,"name":"Plant Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Development?f_ri=185860"},{"id":647003,"name":"Rural Area","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Area?f_ri=185860"},{"id":647249,"name":"Electric Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electric_Power?f_ri=185860"},{"id":663641,"name":"Bagasse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bagasse?f_ri=185860"},{"id":677476,"name":"Renewable Energy Resource","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy_Resource?f_ri=185860"},{"id":743616,"name":"Gasoline","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gasoline?f_ri=185860"},{"id":868965,"name":"Low Income","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Income?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1003892,"name":"Energy Source","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Source?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1018065,"name":"Standard of Living","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standard_of_Living?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1318481,"name":"Pilot project","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_project?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1807917,"name":"Installed Capacity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Installed_Capacity?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51327444" data-work_id="51327444" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51327444/Electricity_sector_analysis_in_the_clean_energy_futures_study">Electricity sector analysis in the clean energy futures study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper examines the impact of policies to reduce carbon and other air emissions in the electric sector. The analysis is from a recent scenario development effort, Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future (CEF), by five National... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51327444" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper examines the impact of policies to reduce carbon and other air emissions in the electric sector. The analysis is from a recent scenario development effort, Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future (CEF), by five National Laboratories. The CEF assesses how policies can be used to promote energy-efficient and clean energy technologies to address key energy and environmental challenges facing the United States. The impact of policies in the electric sector is evaluated using the CEF-NEMS model, which is derived from the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) model developed by the DOE Energy Information Administration. The analysis shows that by 2020 under the policies analyzed, CO 2 and other emissions can be substantially reduced by moving from coal to advanced gas combined cycle systems and renewable energy. Prices show little change and may drop due to decreased enduse demands. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51327444" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="176fa357c941925d618b8bc1764c4189" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69095788,"asset_id":51327444,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69095788/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25306980" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WalterShort">Walter Short</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25306980" type="text/json">{"id":25306980,"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Short","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WalterShort","display_name":"Walter Short","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WalterShort?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25306980/6888419/7772443/s65_walter.short.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51327444 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51327444"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51327444, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51327444", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51327444]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51327444").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51327444").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51327444"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5609" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy">Energy Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5609" type="text/json">{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8270" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting">Forecasting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8270" type="text/json">{"id":8270,"name":"Forecasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25122" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficiency">Energy efficiency</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25122" type="text/json">{"id":25122,"name":"Energy efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficiency?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51327444]'), work: {"id":51327444,"title":"Electricity sector analysis in the clean energy futures study","created_at":"2021-09-05T21:09:15.028-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51327444/Electricity_sector_analysis_in_the_clean_energy_futures_study?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_51327444","summary":"This paper examines the impact of policies to reduce carbon and other air emissions in the electric sector. The analysis is from a recent scenario development effort, Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future (CEF), by five National Laboratories. The CEF assesses how policies can be used to promote energy-efficient and clean energy technologies to address key energy and environmental challenges facing the United States. The impact of policies in the electric sector is evaluated using the CEF-NEMS model, which is derived from the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) model developed by the DOE Energy Information Administration. The analysis shows that by 2020 under the policies analyzed, CO 2 and other emissions can be substantially reduced by moving from coal to advanced gas combined cycle systems and renewable energy. Prices show little change and may drop due to decreased enduse demands. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69095788,"asset_id":51327444,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25306980,"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Short","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WalterShort","display_name":"Walter Short","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WalterShort?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25306980/6888419/7772443/s65_walter.short.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":8270,"name":"Forecasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":25122,"name":"Energy efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficiency?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=185860"},{"id":43986,"name":"Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity?f_ri=185860"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=185860"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":235574,"name":"Model development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Model_development?f_ri=185860"},{"id":309524,"name":"Deregulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deregulation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":374713,"name":"Cost Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Analysis?f_ri=185860"},{"id":382020,"name":"Scenario","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scenario?f_ri=185860"},{"id":445366,"name":"Combined cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combined_cycle?f_ri=185860"},{"id":459384,"name":"Energy efficient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficient?f_ri=185860"},{"id":622093,"name":"Energy Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Efficiency-1?f_ri=185860"},{"id":908385,"name":"Long Term","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term?f_ri=185860"},{"id":2636633,"name":"Production Capacity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_Capacity?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1317801 coauthored" data-work_id="1317801" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1317801/Energy_and_the_World_Summit_on_Sustainable_Development_what_next">Energy and the World Summit on Sustainable Development: what next?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Given the importance of energy issues to sustainable development, energy was a priority issue at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in August 2002. The objective of this paper is to examine the outcomes of the Summit on energy,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1317801" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Given the importance of energy issues to sustainable development, energy was a priority issue at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in August 2002. The objective of this paper is to examine the outcomes of the Summit on energy, and to assess them against proposals to address the lack of access to modern energy and the need to move toward a cleaner energy system. We find that lack of political leadership from key countries prevented agreement not only on targets for renewable energy, but also on a programme to promote access. The achievements of the Summit were limited to enabling activities such as capacity building and technology transfer, rather than substantive agreements. While WSSD put energy higher on the agenda than before, no institutional home or programme to take the issues forward has emerged. This therefore remains a critical challenge to be addressed. Achieving this broad goal will require building a coalition to promote cleaner energy, and committing resources to programme for energy access. Based on analysis of proposals and the negotiations, we propose several key areas where progress is still possible and necessary, including: shifting more international public and private energy financing toward access investments and cleaner energy investments, advancing regional approaches to access and renewable energy targets, and a range of mechanisms to strengthen institutional capacity for integrating energy and sustainable development. r</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1317801" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9249db6c36a82af01909559abbd4d97b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":8134368,"asset_id":1317801,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/8134368/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2571304" href="https://uct.academia.edu/HaraldWinkler">Harald Winkler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2571304" type="text/json">{"id":2571304,"first_name":"Harald","last_name":"Winkler","domain_name":"uct","page_name":"HaraldWinkler","display_name":"Harald Winkler","profile_url":"https://uct.academia.edu/HaraldWinkler?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2571304/804995/2333013/s65_harald.winkler.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-1317801">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-1317801"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uct.academia.edu/RandallSpaldingFecher">Randall Spalding-Fecher</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-1317801'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-1317801').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1317801 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1317801"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1317801; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1317801]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1317801").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1317801").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1317801"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2602" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accessibility">Accessibility</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2602" type="text/json">{"id":2602,"name":"Accessibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accessibility?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5609" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy">Energy Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5609" type="text/json">{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1317801]'), work: {"id":1317801,"title":"Energy and the World Summit on Sustainable Development: what next?","created_at":"2012-01-30T20:32:44.701-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1317801/Energy_and_the_World_Summit_on_Sustainable_Development_what_next?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_1317801","summary":"Given the importance of energy issues to sustainable development, energy was a priority issue at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in August 2002. The objective of this paper is to examine the outcomes of the Summit on energy, and to assess them against proposals to address the lack of access to modern energy and the need to move toward a cleaner energy system. We find that lack of political leadership from key countries prevented agreement not only on targets for renewable energy, but also on a programme to promote access. The achievements of the Summit were limited to enabling activities such as capacity building and technology transfer, rather than substantive agreements. While WSSD put energy higher on the agenda than before, no institutional home or programme to take the issues forward has emerged. This therefore remains a critical challenge to be addressed. Achieving this broad goal will require building a coalition to promote cleaner energy, and committing resources to programme for energy access. Based on analysis of proposals and the negotiations, we propose several key areas where progress is still possible and necessary, including: shifting more international public and private energy financing toward access investments and cleaner energy investments, advancing regional approaches to access and renewable energy targets, and a range of mechanisms to strengthen institutional capacity for integrating energy and sustainable development. r","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":8134368,"asset_id":1317801,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2571304,"first_name":"Harald","last_name":"Winkler","domain_name":"uct","page_name":"HaraldWinkler","display_name":"Harald Winkler","profile_url":"https://uct.academia.edu/HaraldWinkler?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2571304/804995/2333013/s65_harald.winkler.jpg"},{"id":1166788,"first_name":"Randall","last_name":"Spalding-Fecher","domain_name":"uct","page_name":"RandallSpaldingFecher","display_name":"Randall Spalding-Fecher","profile_url":"https://uct.academia.edu/RandallSpaldingFecher?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2602,"name":"Accessibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accessibility?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":10072,"name":"Technology transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology_transfer?f_ri=185860"},{"id":20159,"name":"Capacity Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capacity_Building?f_ri=185860"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=185860"},{"id":43986,"name":"Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity?f_ri=185860"},{"id":78434,"name":"Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Investment?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":238655,"name":"Implementation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Implementation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":251654,"name":"Greenhouse Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas?f_ri=185860"},{"id":271424,"name":"Financing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financing?f_ri=185860"},{"id":292710,"name":"Inversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inversion?f_ri=185860"},{"id":336385,"name":"Energy System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_System?f_ri=185860"},{"id":606312,"name":"WSSD","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WSSD?f_ri=185860"},{"id":816036,"name":"Negociation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negociation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1230870,"name":"World Summit on Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Summit_on_Sustainable_Development?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4921808" data-work_id="4921808" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4921808/The_View_from_the_Top_How_Strategic_Human_Resource_Management_Affects_the_Performance_of_Initial_Public_Offering_Firms">The View from the Top: How Strategic Human Resource Management Affects the Performance of Initial Public Offering Firms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We study SHRM by taking an organizational level perspective on control over all employees. Drawing from agency theory, control theory, and the resource-based view of the firm, we develop hypotheses regarding the differential effects on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4921808" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We study SHRM by taking an organizational level perspective on control over all employees. Drawing from agency theory, control theory, and the resource-based view of the firm, we develop hypotheses regarding the differential effects on firm performance of various overarching approaches to human resource management (HRM) control implemented in small, growing firms. We test our hypotheses in a longitudinal study of 342 firms that went public in 1993. Results support the negative effect of bureaucratic HRM control on market-based measures of performance, while firm-specific HRM control and incentive-based HRM control are related to</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4921808" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ca74821813500fd66249849d090110a2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49556712,"asset_id":4921808,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49556712/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6450985" href="https://independent.academia.edu/lindacyr">linda cyr</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6450985" type="text/json">{"id":6450985,"first_name":"linda","last_name":"cyr","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"lindacyr","display_name":"linda cyr","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/lindacyr?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4921808 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4921808"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4921808, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4921808", }); 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Drawing from agency theory, control theory, and the resource-based view of the firm, we develop hypotheses regarding the differential effects on firm performance of various overarching approaches to human resource management (HRM) control implemented in small, growing firms. We test our hypotheses in a longitudinal study of 342 firms that went public in 1993. Results support the negative effect of bureaucratic HRM control on market-based measures of performance, while firm-specific HRM control and incentive-based HRM control are related to","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49556712,"asset_id":4921808,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6450985,"first_name":"linda","last_name":"cyr","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"lindacyr","display_name":"linda cyr","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/lindacyr?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2199,"name":"Control Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Theory?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":6416,"name":"Human Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":8646,"name":"Agency Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agency_Theory?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":9060,"name":"Strategic Human Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Human_Resource_Management?f_ri=185860"},{"id":16606,"name":"Human Resource","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource?f_ri=185860"},{"id":27487,"name":"Initial public offering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Initial_public_offering?f_ri=185860"},{"id":27553,"name":"HRM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HRM?f_ri=185860"},{"id":68802,"name":"Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organization?f_ri=185860"},{"id":87272,"name":"Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Work?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_82097894" data-work_id="82097894" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82097894/The_future_of_sugar_cane_in_the_People_s_Republic_of_China_and_India_Supply_constraints_and_expansion_potential">The future of sugar cane in (the) People’s Republic of China and India – Supply constraints and expansion potential</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The last decade has seen a surging demand for biofuels in the wake of increasing oil prices and rising environmental concerns. The most common biofuel is bio-ethanol accounting for more than 90% of total biofuel usage. It is increasingly... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_82097894" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The last decade has seen a surging demand for biofuels in the wake of increasing oil prices and rising environmental concerns. The most common biofuel is bio-ethanol accounting for more than 90% of total biofuel usage. It is increasingly produced from sugar cane making cane a strategic crop for biofuels. Given the growing demand for ''green'' fuels, bio-ethanol production has been supported by energy policies in the past decade, which have consequently been accused of contributing to the global trend of rising food prices and thus jeopardising food security. However, while biofuel policies are an important driver, prices as much as food security will ultimately be determined by supply constraints of strategic crops. This paper hence investigates drivers of and constraints to sugar cane production in (the) People's Republic of China and India and shows that supply side constraints vary significantly in the two countries. (the) PRC and India both face serious limitations with regard to suitable available land for the further expansion of sugar cane production. Equally they are both faced with challenges to increasing yield output per hectare, albeit different ones. With regard to productivity, (the) PRC achieved 2.7% annual yield growth since 1997, while India has seen yield decreases of À0.1% p.a. over the same period. The authors conclude that cane used as a feedstock to meet the rising energy demand will come at the expense of converting fertile land for non-food purposes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/82097894" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1741ff9978e2d183ed0db93140f6c80f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87912803,"asset_id":82097894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87912803/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="600" href="https://ufz.academia.edu/ChristinePolzin">Christine Polzin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="600" type="text/json">{"id":600,"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Polzin","domain_name":"ufz","page_name":"ChristinePolzin","display_name":"Christine Polzin","profile_url":"https://ufz.academia.edu/ChristinePolzin?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/600/366/482/s65_christine.polzin.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_82097894 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="82097894"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82097894, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_82097894", }); 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The most common biofuel is bio-ethanol accounting for more than 90% of total biofuel usage. It is increasingly produced from sugar cane making cane a strategic crop for biofuels. Given the growing demand for ''green'' fuels, bio-ethanol production has been supported by energy policies in the past decade, which have consequently been accused of contributing to the global trend of rising food prices and thus jeopardising food security. However, while biofuel policies are an important driver, prices as much as food security will ultimately be determined by supply constraints of strategic crops. This paper hence investigates drivers of and constraints to sugar cane production in (the) People's Republic of China and India and shows that supply side constraints vary significantly in the two countries. (the) PRC and India both face serious limitations with regard to suitable available land for the further expansion of sugar cane production. Equally they are both faced with challenges to increasing yield output per hectare, albeit different ones. With regard to productivity, (the) PRC achieved 2.7% annual yield growth since 1997, while India has seen yield decreases of À0.1% p.a. over the same period. The authors conclude that cane used as a feedstock to meet the rising energy demand will come at the expense of converting fertile land for non-food purposes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87912803,"asset_id":82097894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":600,"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Polzin","domain_name":"ufz","page_name":"ChristinePolzin","display_name":"Christine Polzin","profile_url":"https://ufz.academia.edu/ChristinePolzin?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/600/366/482/s65_christine.polzin.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5412,"name":"Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=185860"},{"id":38360,"name":"Food Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Security?f_ri=185860"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=185860"},{"id":54182,"name":"Biofuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofuels?f_ri=185860"},{"id":68646,"name":"Environmental Concern","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Concern?f_ri=185860"},{"id":70646,"name":"Development policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_policy?f_ri=185860"},{"id":76333,"name":"Energy demand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_demand?f_ri=185860"},{"id":109291,"name":"Land Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use?f_ri=185860"},{"id":121414,"name":"Ethanol Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol_Production?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":290137,"name":"Chine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chine?f_ri=185860"},{"id":438802,"name":"Applied Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Energy?f_ri=185860"},{"id":451335,"name":"Energy Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Economy?f_ri=185860"},{"id":903501,"name":"Food Price","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Price?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1689234,"name":"Constrained Optimization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constrained_Optimization?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55104228" data-work_id="55104228" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55104228/Photovoltaic_module_quality_in_the_Kenyan_solar_home_systems_market">Photovoltaic module quality in the Kenyan solar home systems market</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As one of the largest unsubsidized markets for solar home systems (SHSs) in the world, Kenya represents a promising model for rural electrification based on private purchases of clean decentralized photovoltaic technologies. Small... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55104228" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As one of the largest unsubsidized markets for solar home systems (SHSs) in the world, Kenya represents a promising model for rural electrification based on private purchases of clean decentralized photovoltaic technologies. Small amorphous-silicon modules dominate the market and most brands provide high quality and affordable service. Product quality varies widely, however, and the public has limited capacity to distinguish among competing brands. This imposes direct hardships on households with the misfortune to purchase low-quality equipment, and it constrains sales as some customers refrain from purchasing solar equipment due to the associated performance uncertainty. This article analyzes market failure associated with photovoltaic module quality in the Kenyan SHS market and develops strategies to address the problemFemphasizing that similar quality problems may exist for other SHS components and in other markets. The principal conclusion is that domestic product testing with public disclosure represents an inexpensive low-risk strategy, but it may prove inadequate. Mandatory product quality standards based on international testing regimes (e.g. IEC standards), augmented with a basic domestic testing option, would provide stronger assurance, but the risks associated with this intervention suggest caution. An emerging multilateral SHS market support effort (PVMTI) should ensure quality for the credit-based sales it promotes in Kenya; however, the long-term impact of this approach is not yet clear and it is unlikely to address quality problems associated with the existing unsubsidized sales-based markets for SHSs. Finally, fee-for-service models would decisively address quality problems, but launching this model in the Kenyan market would likely require large subsidies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55104228" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b33c2e6413327731e5f74c952d8ee28" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71137842,"asset_id":55104228,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71137842/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39496014" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardDuke4">Richard Duke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39496014" type="text/json">{"id":39496014,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Duke","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardDuke4","display_name":"Richard Duke","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardDuke4?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55104228 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55104228"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55104228, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55104228", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55104228]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_55104228").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_55104228").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55104228"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5609" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy">Energy Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5609" type="text/json">{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13944" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Electrification">Rural Electrification</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13944" type="text/json">{"id":13944,"name":"Rural Electrification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Electrification?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18892" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya">Kenya</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18892" type="text/json">{"id":18892,"name":"Kenya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=55104228]'), work: {"id":55104228,"title":"Photovoltaic module quality in the Kenyan solar home systems market","created_at":"2021-10-03T06:02:03.926-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/55104228/Photovoltaic_module_quality_in_the_Kenyan_solar_home_systems_market?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_55104228","summary":"As one of the largest unsubsidized markets for solar home systems (SHSs) in the world, Kenya represents a promising model for rural electrification based on private purchases of clean decentralized photovoltaic technologies. Small amorphous-silicon modules dominate the market and most brands provide high quality and affordable service. Product quality varies widely, however, and the public has limited capacity to distinguish among competing brands. This imposes direct hardships on households with the misfortune to purchase low-quality equipment, and it constrains sales as some customers refrain from purchasing solar equipment due to the associated performance uncertainty. This article analyzes market failure associated with photovoltaic module quality in the Kenyan SHS market and develops strategies to address the problemFemphasizing that similar quality problems may exist for other SHS components and in other markets. The principal conclusion is that domestic product testing with public disclosure represents an inexpensive low-risk strategy, but it may prove inadequate. Mandatory product quality standards based on international testing regimes (e.g. IEC standards), augmented with a basic domestic testing option, would provide stronger assurance, but the risks associated with this intervention suggest caution. An emerging multilateral SHS market support effort (PVMTI) should ensure quality for the credit-based sales it promotes in Kenya; however, the long-term impact of this approach is not yet clear and it is unlikely to address quality problems associated with the existing unsubsidized sales-based markets for SHSs. Finally, fee-for-service models would decisively address quality problems, but launching this model in the Kenyan market would likely require large subsidies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71137842,"asset_id":55104228,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39496014,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Duke","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardDuke4","display_name":"Richard Duke","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardDuke4?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":13944,"name":"Rural Electrification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Electrification?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":18892,"name":"Kenya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":101573,"name":"Thin Film","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thin_Film?f_ri=185860"},{"id":149214,"name":"Economic Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Impact?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":319617,"name":"Market Failure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Market_Failure?f_ri=185860"},{"id":329715,"name":"Product Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Product_Quality?f_ri=185860"},{"id":353644,"name":"Certification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Certification?f_ri=185860"},{"id":394438,"name":"Single Crystal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Single_Crystal?f_ri=185860"},{"id":525680,"name":"Development Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Strategy?f_ri=185860"},{"id":860345,"name":"Low Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Risk?f_ri=185860"},{"id":954057,"name":"Subsidy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subsidy?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1158612,"name":"Amorphous Silicon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amorphous_Silicon?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1437736,"name":"Fee for Service Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fee_for_Service_Model?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1473117,"name":"Solar Home Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_Home_Systems?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49668027" data-work_id="49668027" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49668027/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_and_barriers_to_implementation_in_the_Jordanian_energy_sector">Greenhouse gas emissions and barriers to implementation in the Jordanian energy sector</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this article a general overview of Jordan's energy sector, possible carbon dioxide (CO 2) emission reduction options and constraints which would retard the implementation processes, as well as appropriate suggestions for removal of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49668027" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this article a general overview of Jordan's energy sector, possible carbon dioxide (CO 2) emission reduction options and constraints which would retard the implementation processes, as well as appropriate suggestions for removal of the prevailing barriers are examined in 1995, Jordan's annual emissions of greenhouse gases was approximately 13.8 Â 10 6 tonnes. Of which the fossil-fuels combustion contributed by more than 85%. It is likely that CO 2 emissions, from energy operations, will rise to about 20 Â 10 6 tonnes in the year 2010, when the energy consumption will be twice that in 1995. There are many viable CO 2 mitigation measures identified in the energy sector, some of these can be considered as attractive opportunities. However, their implementation requires the removal or easiness of certain obstacles. The latter includes lack of awareness, access to appropriate technology and legislative framework as well as energy pricing policies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49668027" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="41a5d237813eb9705bdc66914aa8d1a1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67956274,"asset_id":49668027,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67956274/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57277553" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JamalJaber2">Jamal Jaber</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57277553" type="text/json">{"id":57277553,"first_name":"Jamal","last_name":"Jaber","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamalJaber2","display_name":"Jamal Jaber","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamalJaber2?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49668027 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49668027"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49668027, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49668027", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49668027]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49668027").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49668027").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49668027"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5609" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy">Energy Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5609" type="text/json">{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28197" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GHG_Emissions">GHG Emissions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28197" type="text/json">{"id":28197,"name":"GHG Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GHG_Emissions?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49668027]'), work: {"id":49668027,"title":"Greenhouse gas emissions and barriers to implementation in the Jordanian energy sector","created_at":"2021-07-09T13:36:14.423-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49668027/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_and_barriers_to_implementation_in_the_Jordanian_energy_sector?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_49668027","summary":"In this article a general overview of Jordan's energy sector, possible carbon dioxide (CO 2) emission reduction options and constraints which would retard the implementation processes, as well as appropriate suggestions for removal of the prevailing barriers are examined in 1995, Jordan's annual emissions of greenhouse gases was approximately 13.8 Â 10 6 tonnes. Of which the fossil-fuels combustion contributed by more than 85%. It is likely that CO 2 emissions, from energy operations, will rise to about 20 Â 10 6 tonnes in the year 2010, when the energy consumption will be twice that in 1995. There are many viable CO 2 mitigation measures identified in the energy sector, some of these can be considered as attractive opportunities. However, their implementation requires the removal or easiness of certain obstacles. The latter includes lack of awareness, access to appropriate technology and legislative framework as well as energy pricing policies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67956274,"asset_id":49668027,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57277553,"first_name":"Jamal","last_name":"Jaber","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamalJaber2","display_name":"Jamal Jaber","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamalJaber2?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":28197,"name":"GHG Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GHG_Emissions?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":93298,"name":"Fossil Fuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Fuels?f_ri=185860"},{"id":184265,"name":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":238655,"name":"Implementation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Implementation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":354794,"name":"Greenhouse gases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_gases?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3170690" data-work_id="3170690" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3170690/The_effect_of_time_on_safety_incentive_programs_in_the_US_construction_industry">The effect of time on safety incentive programs in the US construction industry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recently, safety incentive programs have been under scrutiny by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration for their effectiveness to improve construction safety performance. Most of the previous research on construction safety... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3170690" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recently, safety incentive programs have been under scrutiny by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration for their effectiveness to improve construction safety performance. Most of the previous research on construction safety incentives focused on anecdotal evidence examining the merits and demerits of safety incentives. Meanwhile, the long-term effect of safety incentive programs on construction safety remains uncertain. This research examined how key safety performance indicators changed over time in the presence of safety incentive programs in the US construction industry using primary survey data. The paper's key finding is that the effectiveness of safety incentive programs does diminish with time, as suspected by earlier experts and managers in the US construction industry.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3170690" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f1338e3a9a5cb1f6527d7f4633ae46d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50427346,"asset_id":3170690,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50427346/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3621159" href="https://independent.academia.edu/dharmapuriprakash">dharmapuri prakash</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3621159" type="text/json">{"id":3621159,"first_name":"dharmapuri","last_name":"prakash","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"dharmapuriprakash","display_name":"dharmapuri prakash","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/dharmapuriprakash?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3170690 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3170690"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3170690, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3170690", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3170690 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3170690; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3170690"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3170690 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3170690"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3170690; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3170690]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3170690").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3170690").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3170690"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3105" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Management">Construction Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3105" type="text/json">{"id":3105,"name":"Construction Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9629" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction">Construction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9629" type="text/json">{"id":9629,"name":"Construction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3170690]'), work: {"id":3170690,"title":"The effect of time on safety incentive programs in the US construction industry","created_at":"2013-03-31T03:10:46.531-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3170690/The_effect_of_time_on_safety_incentive_programs_in_the_US_construction_industry?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_3170690","summary":"Recently, safety incentive programs have been under scrutiny by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration for their effectiveness to improve construction safety performance. Most of the previous research on construction safety incentives focused on anecdotal evidence examining the merits and demerits of safety incentives. Meanwhile, the long-term effect of safety incentive programs on construction safety remains uncertain. This research examined how key safety performance indicators changed over time in the presence of safety incentive programs in the US construction industry using primary survey data. The paper's key finding is that the effectiveness of safety incentive programs does diminish with time, as suspected by earlier experts and managers in the US construction industry.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50427346,"asset_id":3170690,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3621159,"first_name":"dharmapuri","last_name":"prakash","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"dharmapuriprakash","display_name":"dharmapuri prakash","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/dharmapuriprakash?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":3105,"name":"Construction Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":9629,"name":"Construction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":29266,"name":"Construction Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Industry?f_ri=185860"},{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=185860"},{"id":58925,"name":"Construction Management and Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Management_and_Economics?f_ri=185860"},{"id":163028,"name":"Personnel Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personnel_Management?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":313195,"name":"Survey data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey_data?f_ri=185860"},{"id":800515,"name":"Long Term Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Effect?f_ri=185860"},{"id":878855,"name":"Performance Indicator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Indicator?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13110226" data-work_id="13110226" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13110226/The_role_of_conditioning_learning_and_dopamine_in_sexual_behavior_A_narrative_review_of_animal_and_human_studies">The role of conditioning, learning and dopamine in sexual behavior: A narrative review of animal and human studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Please cite this article in press as: Brom, M., et al., The role of conditioning, learning and dopamine in sexual behavior: A narrative review of animal and human studies. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. (2013), http://dx.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13110226" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="11917a37a61b3e20f1bf449b5ec0aed6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45658266,"asset_id":13110226,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45658266/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32361122" href="https://uva.academia.edu/EllenLaan">Ellen Laan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32361122" type="text/json">{"id":32361122,"first_name":"Ellen","last_name":"Laan","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"EllenLaan","display_name":"Ellen Laan","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/EllenLaan?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13110226 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13110226"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13110226, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13110226", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13110226 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13110226; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13110226"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13110226 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13110226"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13110226; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13110226]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13110226").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13110226").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13110226"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2852" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative">Narrative</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2852" type="text/json">{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43774" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning">Learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43774" type="text/json">{"id":43774,"name":"Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51566" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine">Dopamine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51566" type="text/json">{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58514" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Conditioning">Classical Conditioning</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58514" type="text/json">{"id":58514,"name":"Classical Conditioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Conditioning?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13110226]'), work: {"id":13110226,"title":"The role of conditioning, learning and dopamine in sexual behavior: A narrative review of animal and human studies","created_at":"2015-06-19T13:21:39.756-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13110226/The_role_of_conditioning_learning_and_dopamine_in_sexual_behavior_A_narrative_review_of_animal_and_human_studies?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_13110226","summary":"Please cite this article in press as: Brom, M., et al., The role of conditioning, learning and dopamine in sexual behavior: A narrative review of animal and human studies. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. (2013), http://dx.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45658266,"asset_id":13110226,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32361122,"first_name":"Ellen","last_name":"Laan","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"EllenLaan","display_name":"Ellen Laan","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/EllenLaan?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":43774,"name":"Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":58514,"name":"Classical 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href="https://www.academia.edu/26568520/Returns_on_investment_in_electricity_producing_photovoltaic_systems_under_de_escalating_feed_in_tariffs_The_case_of_Greece">Returns on investment in electricity producing photovoltaic systems under de-escalating feed-in tariffs: The case of Greece</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26568520" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ebf059afc51a81f24bb6a5c6e109944a" rel="nofollow" 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25572961 coauthored" data-work_id="25572961" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25572961/Mood_regulative_hedonic_incentive_interacts_with_mood_and_task_difficulty_to_determine_effort_related_cardiovascular_response_and_facial_EMG">Mood-regulative hedonic incentive interacts with mood and task difficulty to determine effort-related cardiovascular response and facial EMG</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Based on the mood-behavior-model . On the impact of mood on behavior: an integrative theory and a review. Review of General Psychology, 4, 378-408], we investigated the joint effect of mood-regulative hedonic incentive, mood states, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25572961" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Based on the mood-behavior-model . On the impact of mood on behavior: an integrative theory and a review. Review of General Psychology, 4, 378-408], we investigated the joint effect of mood-regulative hedonic incentive, mood states, and task difficulty on effort-related cardiovascular response. Cardiovascular and facial EMG reactivity of 80 participants were assessed during a baseline period, mood inductions, and an either easy or difficult memory task with either pleasant or unpleasant consequences of success. For unpleasant consequences, we anticipated that mood would interact with task difficulty to determine cardiovascular response: relatively high reactivity under negative-mood/easy and positive-mood/difficult conditions and relatively low reactivity under positive-mood/easy and negative-mood/difficult conditions. In contrast, we expected for pleasant consequences an increase of cardiovascular response in the negative-mood/difficult condition because here mood-regulative incentive justified the high effort required by a difficult task in a negative mood. Results were generally as expected and facial EMG reactivity indicated efficient mood manipulations. In summary, the findings further support the predictions of the mood-behavior-model. ß</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25572961" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c5a13c430ad811a9a68cc5536c28b75" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45903282,"asset_id":25572961,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45903282/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49162135" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NicolasSilvestrini">Nicolas Silvestrini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49162135" type="text/json">{"id":49162135,"first_name":"Nicolas","last_name":"Silvestrini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NicolasSilvestrini","display_name":"Nicolas Silvestrini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NicolasSilvestrini?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-25572961">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-25572961"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://gfri.academia.edu/GuidoGendolla">Guido Gendolla</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-25572961'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-25572961').html(); 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On the impact of mood on behavior: an integrative theory and a review. Review of General Psychology, 4, 378-408], we investigated the joint effect of mood-regulative hedonic incentive, mood states, and task difficulty on effort-related cardiovascular response. Cardiovascular and facial EMG reactivity of 80 participants were assessed during a baseline period, mood inductions, and an either easy or difficult memory task with either pleasant or unpleasant consequences of success. For unpleasant consequences, we anticipated that mood would interact with task difficulty to determine cardiovascular response: relatively high reactivity under negative-mood/easy and positive-mood/difficult conditions and relatively low reactivity under positive-mood/easy and negative-mood/difficult conditions. In contrast, we expected for pleasant consequences an increase of cardiovascular response in the negative-mood/difficult condition because here mood-regulative incentive justified the high effort required by a difficult task in a negative mood. Results were generally as expected and facial EMG reactivity indicated efficient mood manipulations. In summary, the findings further support the predictions of the mood-behavior-model. ß","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45903282,"asset_id":25572961,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49162135,"first_name":"Nicolas","last_name":"Silvestrini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NicolasSilvestrini","display_name":"Nicolas Silvestrini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NicolasSilvestrini?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":49241928,"first_name":"Guido","last_name":"Gendolla","domain_name":"gfri","page_name":"GuidoGendolla","display_name":"Guido Gendolla","profile_url":"https://gfri.academia.edu/GuidoGendolla?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":225,"name":"Biological Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychology?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2007,"name":"Electrophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrophysiology?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":11636,"name":"Face","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face?f_ri=185860"},{"id":21269,"name":"Facial expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facial_expression?f_ri=185860"},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":50238,"name":"Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affect?f_ri=185860"},{"id":88321,"name":"Blood Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure?f_ri=185860"},{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=185860"},{"id":131298,"name":"Heart rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_rate?f_ri=185860"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=185860"},{"id":143540,"name":"Behavior Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior_Modeling?f_ri=185860"},{"id":170918,"name":"Electromyography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electromyography?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":207295,"name":"Task Difficulty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Task_Difficulty?f_ri=185860"},{"id":224454,"name":"Cardiovascular Reactivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_Reactivity?f_ri=185860"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=185860"},{"id":996312,"name":"Resource Mobilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resource_Mobilization?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1144102,"name":"Task Performance and Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Task_Performance_and_Analysis?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1277387,"name":"Electromyogram","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electromyogram?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1929731,"name":"Reactivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reactivity?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23837196" data-work_id="23837196" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23837196/The_role_of_conditioning_learning_and_dopamine_in_sexual_behavior_A_narrative_review_of_animal_and_human_studies">The role of conditioning, learning and dopamine in sexual behavior: A narrative review of animal and human studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Please cite this article in press as: Brom, M., et al., The role of conditioning, learning and dopamine in sexual behavior: A narrative review of animal and human studies. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. (2013), http://dx.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23837196" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc68f7c662f773bcb301bb1746820cac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44237869,"asset_id":23837196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44237869/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46082183" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StephanieBoth">Stephanie Both</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46082183" type="text/json">{"id":46082183,"first_name":"Stephanie","last_name":"Both","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephanieBoth","display_name":"Stephanie Both","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephanieBoth?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23837196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23837196"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23837196, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23837196", }); 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(2013), http://dx.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44237869,"asset_id":23837196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46082183,"first_name":"Stephanie","last_name":"Both","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephanieBoth","display_name":"Stephanie Both","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephanieBoth?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":43774,"name":"Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":58514,"name":"Classical 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Job Market: Professional Trajectories and Incentives During the PhD</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/427624" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="49315b677080b9a02d8097b5b1e81d9e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":3439115,"asset_id":427624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management">Business and Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73149" type="text/json">{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="100607" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_Communication">Scientific Communication</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="100607" type="text/json">{"id":100607,"name":"Scientific Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_Communication?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=427624]'), work: {"id":427624,"title":"PhD Job Market: Professional Trajectories and Incentives During the 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Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":100607,"name":"Scientific Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_Communication?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":104725,"name":"Phd","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phd?f_ri=185860"},{"id":125169,"name":"Job Market","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Job_Market?f_ri=185860"},{"id":184965,"name":"Theoretical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Analysis?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":466484,"name":"Private Sector","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_Sector?f_ri=185860"},{"id":846607,"name":"Scientific Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_Production?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6517179" data-work_id="6517179" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6517179/Technological_innovation_policies_to_promote_renewable_energies_Lessons_from_the_European_experience_for_the_Brazilian_case">Technological innovation policies to promote renewable energies: Lessons from the European experience for the Brazilian case</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Over the past few years we have been seeing a trend in the Brazilian political scenario towards increasing the share of new renewable energy sources (RES-E), other than large hydropowers, in electricity generation. The central policy was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6517179" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Over the past few years we have been seeing a trend in the Brazilian political scenario towards increasing the share of new renewable energy sources (RES-E), other than large hydropowers, in electricity generation. The central policy was achieved through PROINFA (Program to Encourage Alternative Energy Sources), which defined two distinct stages and mechanisms to promote biomass, SHPs and wind energy. This study aims to analyze the developments in renewable energy policies and the prospects for Brazil based on the European experience in promoting RES-E. It evaluated the policy instruments adopted by the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Germany, as well as the barriers and results of these policies. Based on these case studies, proposals and recommendation are given to overcome the problems in the Brazilian case. r</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6517179" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4ae0185607c2a7e272dae76a8a20a886" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48830520,"asset_id":6517179,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48830520/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10411726" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Cl%C3%A1udiaCosta6">Cláudia Costa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10411726" type="text/json">{"id":10411726,"first_name":"Cláudia","last_name":"Costa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CláudiaCosta6","display_name":"Cláudia Costa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Cl%C3%A1udiaCosta6?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6517179 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6517179"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6517179, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6517179", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6517179]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6517179").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6517179").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6517179"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2798" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_Energy">Wind Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2798" type="text/json">{"id":2798,"name":"Wind Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5411" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass">Biomass</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5411" type="text/json">{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6517179]'), work: {"id":6517179,"title":"Technological innovation policies to promote renewable energies: Lessons from the European experience for the Brazilian case","created_at":"2014-03-23T11:16:48.161-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6517179/Technological_innovation_policies_to_promote_renewable_energies_Lessons_from_the_European_experience_for_the_Brazilian_case?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_6517179","summary":"Over the past few years we have been seeing a trend in the Brazilian political scenario towards increasing the share of new renewable energy sources (RES-E), other than large hydropowers, in electricity generation. The central policy was achieved through PROINFA (Program to Encourage Alternative Energy Sources), which defined two distinct stages and mechanisms to promote biomass, SHPs and wind energy. This study aims to analyze the developments in renewable energy policies and the prospects for Brazil based on the European experience in promoting RES-E. It evaluated the policy instruments adopted by the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Germany, as well as the barriers and results of these policies. Based on these case studies, proposals and recommendation are given to overcome the problems in the Brazilian case. r","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48830520,"asset_id":6517179,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10411726,"first_name":"Cláudia","last_name":"Costa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CláudiaCosta6","display_name":"Cláudia Costa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Cl%C3%A1udiaCosta6?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":2798,"name":"Wind Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_Energy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860"},{"id":15282,"name":"Technological Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technological_Innovation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":22622,"name":"Alternative Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alternative_Energy?f_ri=185860"},{"id":40867,"name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Kingdom?f_ri=185860"},{"id":53223,"name":"renewable Energy sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/renewable_Energy_sources?f_ri=185860"},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":238655,"name":"Implementation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Implementation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":493082,"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_and_Sustainable_Energy_Systems?f_ri=185860"},{"id":886971,"name":"Electricity Generation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity_Generation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1045589,"name":"IT Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IT_Evaluation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1807917,"name":"Installed Capacity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Installed_Capacity?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7369950" data-work_id="7369950" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7369950/Nurse_staffing_and_quality_of_care_in_UK_general_practice_cross_sectional_study_using_routinely_collected_data">Nurse staffing and quality of care in UK general practice: cross-sectional study using routinely collected data</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">In many UK general practices, nurses have been used to deliver results against the indicators of the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), a 'pay for performance' scheme.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7369950" 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class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="346304" href="https://soton.academia.edu/PeterGriffiths">Peter Griffiths</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="346304" type="text/json">{"id":346304,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Griffiths","domain_name":"soton","page_name":"PeterGriffiths","display_name":"Peter Griffiths","profile_url":"https://soton.academia.edu/PeterGriffiths?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/346304/94113/206747/s65_peter.griffiths.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7369950 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7369950"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7369950, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7369950", 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Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Care">Primary Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="633" type="text/json">{"id":633,"name":"Primary Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Care?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="634" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Practice">General Practice</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="634" type="text/json">{"id":634,"name":"General Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Practice?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7369950]'), work: {"id":7369950,"title":"Nurse staffing and quality of care in UK general practice: cross-sectional study using routinely collected data","created_at":"2014-06-16T19:40:36.701-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7369950/Nurse_staffing_and_quality_of_care_in_UK_general_practice_cross_sectional_study_using_routinely_collected_data?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_7369950","summary":"In many UK general practices, nurses have been used to deliver results against the indicators of the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), a 'pay for performance' scheme.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48513786,"asset_id":7369950,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":346304,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Griffiths","domain_name":"soton","page_name":"PeterGriffiths","display_name":"Peter Griffiths","profile_url":"https://soton.academia.edu/PeterGriffiths?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/346304/94113/206747/s65_peter.griffiths.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":633,"name":"Primary Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Care?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":634,"name":"General Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Practice?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":1451,"name":"Quality Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_Management?f_ri=185860"},{"id":2974,"name":"Primary Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Health_Care?f_ri=185860"},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=185860"},{"id":5409,"name":"Health Outcomes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Outcomes?f_ri=185860"},{"id":7324,"name":"British","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British?f_ri=185860"},{"id":11853,"name":"European Academy of Nursing Science (EANS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Academy_of_Nursing_Science_EANS_?f_ri=185860"},{"id":16635,"name":"Health Services Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Services_Research?f_ri=185860"},{"id":17973,"name":"Quality of Healthcare Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_Healthcare_Services?f_ri=185860"},{"id":25469,"name":"Family Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Practice?f_ri=185860"},{"id":29393,"name":"Healthcare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthcare?f_ri=185860"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=185860"},{"id":45038,"name":"Quality of Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_Care?f_ri=185860"},{"id":87236,"name":"Healthcare workforce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthcare_workforce?f_ri=185860"},{"id":87276,"name":"Health Care Workforrce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_Workforrce?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=185860"},{"id":966020,"name":"Cross sectional Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_sectional_Study?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=185860"},{"id":2063674,"name":"Nursing staff","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_staff?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25679012" data-work_id="25679012" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25679012/Systematic_studies_of_shop_and_leisure_voucher_incentives_for_household_recycling">Systematic studies of shop and leisure voucher incentives for household recycling</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This work reports on a series of medium scale trials of various voucher based incentives schemes for household recycling carried out in England. They show that increases of 10-20% in participation rates can be achieved with 3-month... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25679012" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This work reports on a series of medium scale trials of various voucher based incentives schemes for household recycling carried out in England. They show that increases of 10-20% in participation rates can be achieved with 3-month schemes. The results are drawn from 15 sub-projects carried out in 6 districts where parameters such as voucher value, types of shops used, demographics and community types were varied overall, allowing their effects to be explored. Surprisingly, the results show that the success does not depend on the affluence of the areas. Statistically strong data shows little difference across deprivation indices. Successful schemes were those where the vouchers were awarded on an individual household basis (very important), the value of each voucher was over £1 (D 0.60), and the shops or facilities they are valid for were within half a mile (with suggestions from the public that if usable at supermarkets they would travel further). Although some improvements were seen in areas where participation rates were already over 65%, the schemes are more successful in areas which are not already achieving so highly, right down to those below 20%. Although schemes can be designed for maximum effect in small targeted areas, they could also be used on a large scale if e.g. supermarket vouchers were used. The study also reports on the costs of the schemes, which range from £5.15 per household to £12.10 per household over 3 months (including monitoring work). Possible savings of up to 50% are indicated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25679012" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d48868eb557ec7435aa83682dd42972" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46019179,"asset_id":25679012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46019179/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32277425" href="https://brighton.academia.edu/MarieHarder">Marie Harder</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32277425" type="text/json">{"id":32277425,"first_name":"Marie","last_name":"Harder","domain_name":"brighton","page_name":"MarieHarder","display_name":"Marie Harder","profile_url":"https://brighton.academia.edu/MarieHarder?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25679012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25679012"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25679012, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25679012", }); 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They show that increases of 10-20% in participation rates can be achieved with 3-month schemes. The results are drawn from 15 sub-projects carried out in 6 districts where parameters such as voucher value, types of shops used, demographics and community types were varied overall, allowing their effects to be explored. Surprisingly, the results show that the success does not depend on the affluence of the areas. Statistically strong data shows little difference across deprivation indices. Successful schemes were those where the vouchers were awarded on an individual household basis (very important), the value of each voucher was over £1 (D 0.60), and the shops or facilities they are valid for were within half a mile (with suggestions from the public that if usable at supermarkets they would travel further). Although some improvements were seen in areas where participation rates were already over 65%, the schemes are more successful in areas which are not already achieving so highly, right down to those below 20%. Although schemes can be designed for maximum effect in small targeted areas, they could also be used on a large scale if e.g. supermarket vouchers were used. The study also reports on the costs of the schemes, which range from £5.15 per household to £12.10 per household over 3 months (including monitoring work). Possible savings of up to 50% are indicated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46019179,"asset_id":25679012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32277425,"first_name":"Marie","last_name":"Harder","domain_name":"brighton","page_name":"MarieHarder","display_name":"Marie Harder","profile_url":"https://brighton.academia.edu/MarieHarder?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":988,"name":"Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5645,"name":"Recycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recycling?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":57518,"name":"Conception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conception?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":201265,"name":"Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trial?f_ri=185860"},{"id":758278,"name":"Large Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Scale?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1107645,"name":"Voucher","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Voucher?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81381214" data-work_id="81381214" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81381214/Impact_of_Monetary_Incentives_on_Employee_s_Motivation_Shinas_College_of_Technology_Oman_a_Case_Study">Impact of Monetary Incentives on Employee’s Motivation: Shinas College of Technology, Oman - a Case Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">PURPOSE The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of monetary incentives on the Shinas College of Technology employees’ motivation; to critically investigate the importance and the value of monetary incentives for the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81381214" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">PURPOSE The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of monetary incentives on the Shinas College of Technology employees’ motivation; to critically investigate the importance and the value of monetary incentives for the employees and also to critically examine which monetary incentive best suits and motivates the employees of Shinas College of Technology.METHODOLOGYThe study included samples of 130 employees from all the academic and non-academic staff of the college collected through a well-defined questionnaire. The data collection was done on a simple random sampling basis. FINDINGS The study reveals that the employees of Shinas College of Technology are motivated by salary and on duty allowance rather than the other monetary incentives/benefits.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The study demonstrates that the monetary incentives have a direct impact on employees’ motivation and the attractive financial incentive will boost most of them to work hard.SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS The manag...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81381214" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bec25cead04293b742b8b16f58c1b815" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87443396,"asset_id":81381214,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87443396/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63765647" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FatmaYousufAlBelushi">Fatma Yousuf Al-Belushi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63765647" type="text/json">{"id":63765647,"first_name":"Fatma Yousuf","last_name":"Al-Belushi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FatmaYousufAlBelushi","display_name":"Fatma Yousuf Al-Belushi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FatmaYousufAlBelushi?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81381214 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81381214"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81381214, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81381214", }); 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to critically investigate the importance and the value of monetary incentives for the employees and also to critically examine which monetary incentive best suits and motivates the employees of Shinas College of Technology.METHODOLOGYThe study included samples of 130 employees from all the academic and non-academic staff of the college collected through a well-defined questionnaire. The data collection was done on a simple random sampling basis. FINDINGS The study reveals that the employees of Shinas College of Technology are motivated by salary and on duty allowance rather than the other monetary incentives/benefits.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The study demonstrates that the monetary incentives have a direct impact on employees’ motivation and the attractive financial incentive will boost most of them to work hard.SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS The manag...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87443396,"asset_id":81381214,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63765647,"first_name":"Fatma Yousuf","last_name":"Al-Belushi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FatmaYousufAlBelushi","display_name":"Fatma Yousuf Al-Belushi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FatmaYousufAlBelushi?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":4192,"name":"Employee Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Employee_Motivation?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":16457,"name":"Public sector","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_sector?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":49021,"name":"Reward","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reward?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":69856,"name":"Social Science Research Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Science_Research_Network?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":318864,"name":"Monetary Incentives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monetary_Incentives?f_ri=185860"},{"id":2691878,"name":"Shinas College of Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shinas_College_of_Technology?f_ri=185860"},{"id":2691880,"name":"Technical Colleges in Oman","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technical_Colleges_in_Oman?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63938834" data-work_id="63938834" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63938834/Strategi_Peningkatan_Pendapatan_Asli_Daerah_Investasi_Dan_Pertumbuhan_Ekonomi_Kota_Semarang_Melalui_Mice_Meeting_Incentive_Convention_Dan_Exhibition_">Strategi Peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Investasi Dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kota Semarang Melalui Mice (Meeting, Incentive, Convention Dan Exhibition)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Semarang sebagai ibukota Provinsi Jawa Tengah memiliki potensi yang besar dalam mengembangkan sektor industri dan pariwisata. Langkah awal pemerintah yang serius dalam mengolah kedua industri ini yaitu dengan menjadikan Kota Semarang... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63938834" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Semarang sebagai ibukota Provinsi Jawa Tengah memiliki potensi yang besar dalam mengembangkan sektor industri dan pariwisata. Langkah awal pemerintah yang serius dalam mengolah kedua industri ini yaitu dengan menjadikan Kota Semarang sebagai salah satu destinasi MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Convention, Exhibition). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memilih strategi apa yang dapat dilakukan dalam pembangunan Kota Semarang Melalui MICE. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer bersumber dari hasil pengisian kuesioner oleh pihak dinas dan Swasta. Data sekunder dalam penelitian ini berupa data-data yang diperoleh dari dinas terkait serta Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan Kota Semarang dan jurnal serta literatur yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaituAnalitical Hierarki Process (AHP) dan diolah menggunakan expert choice versi 9.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi pembangunan Kota Semarang melalui MICE dapat mengutamakan pada kriteria (1) peningkatan sektor investasi dengan bobot tertinggi yaitu sebesar 0,614 dan dilanjutkan dengan (2) memperbaiki pertumbuhan ekonomi kota dengan bobot 0,260, sehingga akan membantu dalam (3) peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kota Semarang melalui MICE dengan bobot 0,126. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, saran yang dapat disampaikan yaitu Memperkenalkan Kota Semarang melalui jalur promosi dengan menggunakan media-media sosal dan media elektronik. Hal tersebut merupakan salah satu alternatif membuka investasi yang lebih luas di Kota Semarang, sehingga tidak hanya masyarakat dalam negeri namun masyarakat internasional juga dapat lebih mengenal Kota Semarang. Memperbanyak even berskala nasional maupun internasional yang diselenggarakan di Kota Semarang dan lebih memperkenalkan Kota Semarang baik di dalam maupun di luar negeri. Memberikan pelatihan bagi masyarakat guna meningkatkan keahlian dan berdampak baik bagi pendapatan masyarakat Kota Semarang.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63938834" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="faf8856d607fb046bcdb4d052d953714" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76196397,"asset_id":63938834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76196397/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="93915593" href="https://independent.academia.edu/tikapratiwi36">tika pratiwi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="93915593" type="text/json">{"id":93915593,"first_name":"tika","last_name":"pratiwi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"tikapratiwi36","display_name":"tika pratiwi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/tikapratiwi36?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63938834 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63938834"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63938834, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63938834", }); 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Langkah awal pemerintah yang serius dalam mengolah kedua industri ini yaitu dengan menjadikan Kota Semarang sebagai salah satu destinasi MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Convention, Exhibition). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memilih strategi apa yang dapat dilakukan dalam pembangunan Kota Semarang Melalui MICE. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer bersumber dari hasil pengisian kuesioner oleh pihak dinas dan Swasta. Data sekunder dalam penelitian ini berupa data-data yang diperoleh dari dinas terkait serta Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan Kota Semarang dan jurnal serta literatur yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaituAnalitical Hierarki Process (AHP) dan diolah menggunakan expert choice versi 9.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi pembangunan Kota Semarang melalui MICE dapat mengutamakan pada kriteria (1) peningkatan sektor investasi dengan bobot tertinggi yaitu sebesar 0,614 dan dilanjutkan dengan (2) memperbaiki pertumbuhan ekonomi kota dengan bobot 0,260, sehingga akan membantu dalam (3) peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kota Semarang melalui MICE dengan bobot 0,126. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, saran yang dapat disampaikan yaitu Memperkenalkan Kota Semarang melalui jalur promosi dengan menggunakan media-media sosal dan media elektronik. Hal tersebut merupakan salah satu alternatif membuka investasi yang lebih luas di Kota Semarang, sehingga tidak hanya masyarakat dalam negeri namun masyarakat internasional juga dapat lebih mengenal Kota Semarang. Memperbanyak even berskala nasional maupun internasional yang diselenggarakan di Kota Semarang dan lebih memperkenalkan Kota Semarang baik di dalam maupun di luar negeri. Memberikan pelatihan bagi masyarakat guna meningkatkan keahlian dan berdampak baik bagi pendapatan masyarakat Kota Semarang.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76196397,"asset_id":63938834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":93915593,"first_name":"tika","last_name":"pratiwi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"tikapratiwi36","display_name":"tika pratiwi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/tikapratiwi36?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60256340" data-work_id="60256340" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60256340/The_reform_of_employee_compensation_in_Chinas_industrial_enterprises">The reform of employee compensation in China's industrial enterprises</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This paper has not undergone formal review or approval of the faculty of the ILR school. It is intended to make results of the Center research available to others interested in preliminary form to encourage discussion and suggestions.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60256340" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="385e7098dce046a8b27c4f000d6bf515" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73782924,"asset_id":60256340,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73782924/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="115386677" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JiuhuaZhu">Jiuhua Zhu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="115386677" type="text/json">{"id":115386677,"first_name":"Jiuhua","last_name":"Zhu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JiuhuaZhu","display_name":"Jiuhua Zhu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JiuhuaZhu?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60256340 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60256340"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60256340, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60256340", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60256340]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60256340").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60256340").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60256340"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management">Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38" type="text/json">{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9043" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance">Performance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9043" type="text/json">{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59530" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial">Industrial</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="59530" type="text/json">{"id":59530,"name":"Industrial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69743" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enterprise">Enterprise</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69743" type="text/json">{"id":69743,"name":"Enterprise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enterprise?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60256340]'), work: {"id":60256340,"title":"The reform of employee compensation in China's industrial enterprises","created_at":"2021-10-28T21:04:40.172-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60256340/The_reform_of_employee_compensation_in_Chinas_industrial_enterprises?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_60256340","summary":"This paper has not undergone formal review or approval of the faculty of the ILR school. It is intended to make results of the Center research available to others interested in preliminary form to encourage discussion and suggestions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73782924,"asset_id":60256340,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":115386677,"first_name":"Jiuhua","last_name":"Zhu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JiuhuaZhu","display_name":"Jiuhua Zhu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JiuhuaZhu?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":59530,"name":"Industrial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":69743,"name":"Enterprise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enterprise?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":74906,"name":"Performance Related Pay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Related_Pay?f_ri=185860"},{"id":85843,"name":"Chinese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":232193,"name":"Profit Sharing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Profit_Sharing?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60131050" data-work_id="60131050" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60131050/Deadline_Driven_Auctions_for_NPC_host_allocation_in_P2P_MMOGs">Deadline-Driven Auctions for NPC host allocation in P2P MMOGs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We present the design, implementation and evaluation of Deadline-Driven Auctions (DDAs), a novel task-mapping infrastructure for heterogeneous distributed environments. DDA is primarily designed for hosting Non-Player Characters (NPCs) in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60131050" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We present the design, implementation and evaluation of Deadline-Driven Auctions (DDAs), a novel task-mapping infrastructure for heterogeneous distributed environments. DDA is primarily designed for hosting Non-Player Characters (NPCs) in P2P Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs). Experimental and analytical results demonstrate that DDA provides four significant advantages. It is self-organising: the infrastructure is automatically managed. It efficiently allocates computing resources for large numbers (1000s) of real-time NPC tasks. It supports gaming interactivity by minimising communication latency between NPC hosts. Finally, it supports flexible matchmaking policies, and a friendly incentive policy establishes a cooperative economic model to motivate participants to contribute resources.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60131050" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cdb0b6418a1304b5a7c58ab84224336c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73707175,"asset_id":60131050,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73707175/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34098021" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PhilipTrinder">Philip Trinder</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34098021" type="text/json">{"id":34098021,"first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Trinder","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PhilipTrinder","display_name":"Philip Trinder","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PhilipTrinder?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60131050 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60131050"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60131050, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60131050", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60131050]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60131050").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60131050").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60131050"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9742" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resource_Allocation">Resource Allocation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9742" type="text/json">{"id":9742,"name":"Resource Allocation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resource_Allocation?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22686" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_System">Distributed System</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22686" type="text/json">{"id":22686,"name":"Distributed System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_System?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38644" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bidding">Bidding</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38644" type="text/json">{"id":38644,"name":"Bidding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bidding?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43968" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperation">Cooperation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43968" type="text/json">{"id":43968,"name":"Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperation?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60131050]'), work: {"id":60131050,"title":"Deadline-Driven Auctions for NPC host allocation in P2P MMOGs","created_at":"2021-10-27T03:37:27.213-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60131050/Deadline_Driven_Auctions_for_NPC_host_allocation_in_P2P_MMOGs?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_60131050","summary":"We present the design, implementation and evaluation of Deadline-Driven Auctions (DDAs), a novel task-mapping infrastructure for heterogeneous distributed environments. DDA is primarily designed for hosting Non-Player Characters (NPCs) in P2P Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs). Experimental and analytical results demonstrate that DDA provides four significant advantages. It is self-organising: the infrastructure is automatically managed. It efficiently allocates computing resources for large numbers (1000s) of real-time NPC tasks. It supports gaming interactivity by minimising communication latency between NPC hosts. Finally, it supports flexible matchmaking policies, and a friendly incentive policy establishes a cooperative economic model to motivate participants to contribute resources.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73707175,"asset_id":60131050,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34098021,"first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Trinder","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PhilipTrinder","display_name":"Philip Trinder","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PhilipTrinder?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9742,"name":"Resource Allocation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resource_Allocation?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":22686,"name":"Distributed System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_System?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":38644,"name":"Bidding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bidding?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":43968,"name":"Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperation?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":48636,"name":"Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":64561,"name":"Computer Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Software?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":229390,"name":"Real Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_Time?f_ri=185860"},{"id":299563,"name":"Self Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Organization?f_ri=185860"},{"id":536693,"name":"Economic Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Model?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1828049,"name":"Massive Parallelism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Massive_Parallelism?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34042634" data-work_id="34042634" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34042634/Analysis_of_Federal_and_State_Policies_and_Environmental_Issues_for_Bioethanol_Production_Facilities">Analysis of Federal and State Policies and Environmental Issues for Bioethanol Production Facilities</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The purpose of this work was to investigate incentives and barriers to fuel ethanol production from biomass in the U.S. during the past decade (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010). In particular, we examine... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34042634" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this work was to investigate incentives and barriers to fuel ethanol production from biomass in the U.S. during the past decade (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010). In particular, we examine the results of policies and economic conditions during this period by way of cellulosic ethanol activity in four selected states with the potential to produce different types of feedstocks (i.e., sugar, starch, and cellulosic crops) for ethanol production (Florida, California, Hawaii, and Iowa). Two of the four states, Iowa and California, currently have commercial ethanol production facilities in operation using corn feedstocks. While several companies have proposed commercial scale facilities in Florida and Hawaii, none are operating to date.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34042634" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="01117c5c591b912ac72eecfa0ec1d57c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53982374,"asset_id":34042634,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53982374/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35218139" href="https://usi.academia.edu/AmyChanHilton">Amy Chan-Hilton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35218139" type="text/json">{"id":35218139,"first_name":"Amy","last_name":"Chan-Hilton","domain_name":"usi","page_name":"AmyChanHilton","display_name":"Amy Chan-Hilton","profile_url":"https://usi.academia.edu/AmyChanHilton?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34042634 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34042634"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34042634, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34042634", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34042634 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34042634; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34042634"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34042634 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34042634"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34042634; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34042634]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34042634").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34042634").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34042634"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2707" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_policy">Environmental policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2707" type="text/json">{"id":2707,"name":"Environmental policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3442" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production">Production</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3442" type="text/json">{"id":3442,"name":"Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4974" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistics">Logistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4974" type="text/json">{"id":4974,"name":"Logistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistics?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5609" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy">Energy Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5609" type="text/json">{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34042634]'), work: {"id":34042634,"title":"Analysis of Federal and State Policies and Environmental Issues for Bioethanol Production Facilities","created_at":"2017-07-26T08:21:48.652-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34042634/Analysis_of_Federal_and_State_Policies_and_Environmental_Issues_for_Bioethanol_Production_Facilities?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_34042634","summary":"The purpose of this work was to investigate incentives and barriers to fuel ethanol production from biomass in the U.S. during the past decade (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010). In particular, we examine the results of policies and economic conditions during this period by way of cellulosic ethanol activity in four selected states with the potential to produce different types of feedstocks (i.e., sugar, starch, and cellulosic crops) for ethanol production (Florida, California, Hawaii, and Iowa). Two of the four states, Iowa and California, currently have commercial ethanol production facilities in operation using corn feedstocks. While several companies have proposed commercial scale facilities in Florida and Hawaii, none are operating to date.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53982374,"asset_id":34042634,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35218139,"first_name":"Amy","last_name":"Chan-Hilton","domain_name":"usi","page_name":"AmyChanHilton","display_name":"Amy Chan-Hilton","profile_url":"https://usi.academia.edu/AmyChanHilton?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2707,"name":"Environmental policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":3442,"name":"Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":4974,"name":"Logistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistics?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=185860"},{"id":25445,"name":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution?f_ri=185860"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=185860"},{"id":34633,"name":"Environmental science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_science_and_technology?f_ri=185860"},{"id":54182,"name":"Biofuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofuels?f_ri=185860"},{"id":54279,"name":"Policy making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_making?f_ri=185860"},{"id":78434,"name":"Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Investment?f_ri=185860"},{"id":84187,"name":"Federal Government","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Federal_Government?f_ri=185860"},{"id":93647,"name":"Biofuel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofuel?f_ri=185860"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=185860"},{"id":121414,"name":"Ethanol Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol_Production?f_ri=185860"},{"id":121705,"name":"Ethanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol?f_ri=185860"},{"id":160396,"name":"Environmental Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Assessment?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":292710,"name":"Inversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inversion?f_ri=185860"},{"id":826158,"name":"State government","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_government?f_ri=185860"},{"id":908385,"name":"Long Term","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term?f_ri=185860"},{"id":2447478,"name":"Government Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Government_Regulation?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29505792" data-work_id="29505792" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29505792/The_priming_effect_of_alcohol_pre_load_on_attentional_bias_to_alcohol_related_stimuli">The priming effect of alcohol pre-load on attentional bias to alcohol-related stimuli</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Previous research has shown attentional bias toward alcohol-related stimuli in nondependent social drinkers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether attentional bias towards alcoholrelated stimuli would increase after... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29505792" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Previous research has shown attentional bias toward alcohol-related stimuli in nondependent social drinkers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether attentional bias towards alcoholrelated stimuli would increase after priming with either one of two doses of alcohol (0.3 or 0.6 g/kg) or placebo. Methods: Questionnaires were used to measure alcohol use, mood states, craving for alcohol and alcohol outcome expectancies. Attentional bias was assessed using a dotprobe detection task and a modified Stroop task. Results: Mood ratings showed dose dependent increases in positive mood after the alcohol pre-load. In the dot-probe task, all subjects showed an attentional bias towards the alcoholrelated stimuli over neutral stationery-related items, although the attentional bias was significantly positive only at the low alcohol dose. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the attentional bias under the high alcohol dose and the alcohol use questionnaire score. In the Stroop task, a dose related effect of alcohol was found, with subjects making more errors for alcoholrelated words under the high alcohol dose. Conclusions: These data support ideas derived from the incentive learning theories of drug addiction. Furthermore, these data suggest that history of alcohol exposure may influence the priming effects of an alcohol pre-load on attentional bias.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29505792" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cb3434c436890041ff152d100676abac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49943038,"asset_id":29505792,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49943038/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="55765669" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JuliaTownshend">Julia M Townshend</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="55765669" type="text/json">{"id":55765669,"first_name":"Julia","last_name":"Townshend","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JuliaTownshend","display_name":"Julia M Townshend","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JuliaTownshend?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29505792 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29505792"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29505792, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29505792", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29505792]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29505792").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29505792").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29505792"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2047" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychopharmacology">Psychopharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2047" type="text/json">{"id":2047,"name":"Psychopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychopharmacology?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7736" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention">Attention</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7736" type="text/json">{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10882" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution">Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10882" type="text/json">{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29505792]'), work: {"id":29505792,"title":"The priming effect of alcohol pre-load on attentional bias to alcohol-related stimuli","created_at":"2016-10-28T10:05:58.631-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29505792/The_priming_effect_of_alcohol_pre_load_on_attentional_bias_to_alcohol_related_stimuli?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_29505792","summary":"Background: Previous research has shown attentional bias toward alcohol-related stimuli in nondependent social drinkers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether attentional bias towards alcoholrelated stimuli would increase after priming with either one of two doses of alcohol (0.3 or 0.6 g/kg) or placebo. Methods: Questionnaires were used to measure alcohol use, mood states, craving for alcohol and alcohol outcome expectancies. Attentional bias was assessed using a dotprobe detection task and a modified Stroop task. Results: Mood ratings showed dose dependent increases in positive mood after the alcohol pre-load. In the dot-probe task, all subjects showed an attentional bias towards the alcoholrelated stimuli over neutral stationery-related items, although the attentional bias was significantly positive only at the low alcohol dose. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the attentional bias under the high alcohol dose and the alcohol use questionnaire score. In the Stroop task, a dose related effect of alcohol was found, with subjects making more errors for alcoholrelated words under the high alcohol dose. Conclusions: These data support ideas derived from the incentive learning theories of drug addiction. Furthermore, these data suggest that history of alcohol exposure may influence the priming effects of an alcohol pre-load on attentional bias.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49943038,"asset_id":29505792,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":55765669,"first_name":"Julia","last_name":"Townshend","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JuliaTownshend","display_name":"Julia M Townshend","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JuliaTownshend?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2047,"name":"Psychopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychopharmacology?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":50238,"name":"Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affect?f_ri=185860"},{"id":75318,"name":"Smoking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smoking?f_ri=185860"},{"id":80548,"name":"Stroop effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroop_effect?f_ri=185860"},{"id":86176,"name":"Alcohol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol?f_ri=185860"},{"id":88325,"name":"Cues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cues?f_ri=185860"},{"id":110254,"name":"Alcohol Drinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Drinking?f_ri=185860"},{"id":121705,"name":"Ethanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol?f_ri=185860"},{"id":129428,"name":"Drug Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Addiction?f_ri=185860"},{"id":166781,"name":"Learning Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_Theory?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":205874,"name":"Stroop","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroop?f_ri=185860"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=185860"},{"id":482536,"name":"Priming effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Priming_effect?f_ri=185860"},{"id":594207,"name":"Expectation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expectation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":964675,"name":"Alcohol Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Use?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1308786,"name":"Attentional Bias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attentional_Bias?f_ri=185860"},{"id":2467548,"name":"Neuropsychological Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychological_Tests?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75535708" data-work_id="75535708" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75535708/Learning_from_feedback_Exactingness_and_incentives">Learning from feedback: Exactingness and incentives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In a series of five experiments, exactingness, or the extent to which deviations from optimal decisions are punished, is studied within the context of learning a repetitive dec~on-making task together with the effects of incentives.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75535708" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In a series of five experiments, exactingness, or the extent to which deviations from optimal decisions are punished, is studied within the context of learning a repetitive dec~on-making task together with the effects of incentives. Results include the findings that (a) performance is an inverted-U shaped function of exactingness, Co) performance is better under incentives when environments are lenient but not when they are exacting, (c) the interaction between exactingness and incentives does not obtain when an incentives function fails to discriminate sharply between good and bad performance, and (d) when the negative effects of exactingness on performance are eliminated, performance increases with exactingness.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75535708" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2edeae7035cb59e4fcaa01b0bcfe04b3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83265609,"asset_id":75535708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83265609/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31993100" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CraigMcKenzie1">Craig McKenzie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31993100" type="text/json">{"id":31993100,"first_name":"Craig","last_name":"McKenzie","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CraigMcKenzie1","display_name":"Craig McKenzie","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CraigMcKenzie1?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75535708 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75535708"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75535708, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75535708", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75535708]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75535708").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75535708").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75535708"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making">Decision Making</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1681" type="text/json">{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition">Cognition</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4212" type="text/json">{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75535708]'), work: {"id":75535708,"title":"Learning from feedback: Exactingness and incentives","created_at":"2022-04-05T07:33:37.570-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75535708/Learning_from_feedback_Exactingness_and_incentives?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_75535708","summary":"In a series of five experiments, exactingness, or the extent to which deviations from optimal decisions are punished, is studied within the context of learning a repetitive dec~on-making task together with the effects of incentives. Results include the findings that (a) performance is an inverted-U shaped function of exactingness, Co) performance is better under incentives when environments are lenient but not when they are exacting, (c) the interaction between exactingness and incentives does not obtain when an incentives function fails to discriminate sharply between good and bad performance, and (d) when the negative effects of exactingness on performance are eliminated, performance increases with exactingness.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83265609,"asset_id":75535708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31993100,"first_name":"Craig","last_name":"McKenzie","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CraigMcKenzie1","display_name":"Craig McKenzie","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CraigMcKenzie1?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=185860"},{"id":8910,"name":"Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=185860"},{"id":43774,"name":"Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning?f_ri=185860"},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=185860"},{"id":137633,"name":"Feedback","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feedback?f_ri=185860"},{"id":174464,"name":"Social Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Environment?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75090695" data-work_id="75090695" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75090695/Surveying_Households_on_Cell_Phones_Results_and_Lessons_August_2005">Surveying Households on Cell Phones—Results and Lessons August 2005</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Telephone survey, call scheduling, incentive, text message, response rate The numbers of households and persons in the U.S. who have cell phones have greatly increased in the last 5 years, and</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75090695" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0e400a6cbaabe70090f53155ce2274c5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83005852,"asset_id":75090695,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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dwellings. Although the energy performance of existing dwellings is much poorer than new... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74750696" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Greater potential energy savings can be achieved in the large stock of existing dwellings than in the relatively small proportion of newly built dwellings. Although the energy performance of existing dwellings is much poorer than new dwellings, the stock of existing dwellings is ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74750696" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59259456" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Itard">L. 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Although the energy performance of existing dwellings is much poorer than new dwellings, the stock of existing dwellings is ...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":59259456,"first_name":"L.","last_name":"Itard","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Itard","display_name":"L. Itard","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Itard?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":9252,"name":"Housing Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing_Policy?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":10050,"name":"Built Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Built_Environment?f_ri=185860"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=185860"},{"id":70854,"name":"Developing Country","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Country?f_ri=185860"},{"id":101782,"name":"Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building?f_ri=185860"},{"id":127348,"name":"Energy Saving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Saving?f_ri=185860"},{"id":133175,"name":"Durability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Durability?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":295924,"name":"Energy Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Use?f_ri=185860"},{"id":740076,"name":"Energy Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Performance?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1036163,"name":"Stakeholder Involvement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stakeholder_Involvement?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1208617,"name":"Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainability?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1286418,"name":"BUILDING INFORMATION","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/BUILDING_INFORMATION?f_ri=185860"},{"id":1435495,"name":"Potential Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potential_Energy?f_ri=185860"},{"id":3101694,"name":"CO Emission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CO_Emission?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35554687" data-work_id="35554687" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35554687/Measurement_of_Satisfaction_Level_in_Businesses_Getting_Insentives_in_the_Province_of_Isparta_Isparta_%C4%B0linde_Te%C5%9Fvik_Alan_%C4%B0%C5%9Fletmelerde_Memnuniyet_D%C3%BCzeyinin_%C3%96l%C3%A7%C3%BClmesi">Measurement of Satisfaction Level in Businesses Getting Insentives in the Province of Isparta* Isparta İlinde Teşvik Alan İşletmelerde Memnuniyet Düzeyinin Ölçülmesi</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">State incentives have an important position in the implementation of development strategies of states and directing resources properly. In addition to development priorities, determining the wishes and needs of the beneficiaries and their... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35554687" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">State incentives have an important position in the implementation of development strategies of states and directing resources properly. In addition to development priorities, determining the wishes and needs of the beneficiaries and their satisfaction levels should also be evaluated in order to ensure the effective use of incentives. This approach will increase the desire of businesses to benefit from the incentives and will contribute to the achievement of the objective of incentives. In this study, the measurement of satisfaction levels of companies benefiting from the incentives in Isparta province was aimed. Özet Devletlerin kalkınma stratejilerinin uygulanmasında ve kaynakların amacına uygun yönlendirilmesinde devlet teşvikleri önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Teşviklerin etkili bir şekilde kullanımının sağlanabilmesi için kalkınma önceliklerinin yanında, faydalanıcılarının istek ve ihtiyaçlarının belirlenmesi ve memnuniyet düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi de gerekmektedir. Bu yaklaşım işletmelerin teşviklerden faydalanma isteğini artıracak ve teşviklerin amacına ulaşmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu araştırmada, Isparta ilinde teşviklerden faydalanan işletmelerin memnuniyet düzeyleri ölçülmek istenmiştir.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35554687" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9b812dc67c72d12a9c2e33663ea9864f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55420310,"asset_id":35554687,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55420310/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37979520" href="https://suleyman-demirel.academia.edu/turgayoyman">turgay oyman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37979520" type="text/json">{"id":37979520,"first_name":"turgay","last_name":"oyman","domain_name":"suleyman-demirel","page_name":"turgayoyman","display_name":"turgay oyman","profile_url":"https://suleyman-demirel.academia.edu/turgayoyman?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37979520/19000604/18946355/s65_turgay.oyman.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35554687 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35554687"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35554687, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35554687", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35554687]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35554687").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35554687").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35554687"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10700" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Satisfaction">Satisfaction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10700" type="text/json">{"id":10700,"name":"Satisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Satisfaction?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="185860" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive">Incentive</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="185860" type="text/json">{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35554687]'), work: {"id":35554687,"title":"Measurement of Satisfaction Level in Businesses Getting Insentives in the Province of Isparta* Isparta İlinde Teşvik Alan İşletmelerde Memnuniyet Düzeyinin Ölçülmesi","created_at":"2018-01-01T21:51:28.414-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35554687/Measurement_of_Satisfaction_Level_in_Businesses_Getting_Insentives_in_the_Province_of_Isparta_Isparta_%C4%B0linde_Te%C5%9Fvik_Alan_%C4%B0%C5%9Fletmelerde_Memnuniyet_D%C3%BCzeyinin_%C3%96l%C3%A7%C3%BClmesi?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_35554687","summary":"State incentives have an important position in the implementation of development strategies of states and directing resources properly. In addition to development priorities, determining the wishes and needs of the beneficiaries and their satisfaction levels should also be evaluated in order to ensure the effective use of incentives. This approach will increase the desire of businesses to benefit from the incentives and will contribute to the achievement of the objective of incentives. In this study, the measurement of satisfaction levels of companies benefiting from the incentives in Isparta province was aimed. Özet Devletlerin kalkınma stratejilerinin uygulanmasında ve kaynakların amacına uygun yönlendirilmesinde devlet teşvikleri önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Teşviklerin etkili bir şekilde kullanımının sağlanabilmesi için kalkınma önceliklerinin yanında, faydalanıcılarının istek ve ihtiyaçlarının belirlenmesi ve memnuniyet düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi de gerekmektedir. Bu yaklaşım işletmelerin teşviklerden faydalanma isteğini artıracak ve teşviklerin amacına ulaşmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu araştırmada, Isparta ilinde teşviklerden faydalanan işletmelerin memnuniyet düzeyleri ölçülmek istenmiştir.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55420310,"asset_id":35554687,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37979520,"first_name":"turgay","last_name":"oyman","domain_name":"suleyman-demirel","page_name":"turgayoyman","display_name":"turgay oyman","profile_url":"https://suleyman-demirel.academia.edu/turgayoyman?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37979520/19000604/18946355/s65_turgay.oyman.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10700,"name":"Satisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Satisfaction?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30287731 coauthored" data-work_id="30287731" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30287731/Assessing_value_representation_in_animals">Assessing value representation in animals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Among all factors modulating our motivation to perform a given action, the ability to represent its outcome is clearly the most determining. Representation of outcomes, rewards in particular, and how they guide behavior, have sparked much... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30287731" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Among all factors modulating our motivation to perform a given action, the ability to represent its outcome is clearly the most determining. Representation of outcomes, rewards in particular, and how they guide behavior, have sparked much research. Both practically and theoretically, understanding the relationship between the representation of outcome value and the organization of goal directed behavior implies that these two processes can be assessed independently. Most of animal studies essentially used instrumental actions as a proxy for the expected goal-value. The purpose of this article is to consider alternative measures of expected outcome value in animals, which are critical to understand the behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms relating the representation of the expected outcome to the organization of the behavior oriented towards its obtention. This would be critical in the field of decision making or social interactions, where the value of multiple items must often be compared and/or shared among individuals to determine the course of actions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30287731" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2d34001359e83fe632064017d83395f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50749347,"asset_id":30287731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50749347/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57727742" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AuroreSanGalli">Aurore San-Galli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57727742" type="text/json">{"id":57727742,"first_name":"Aurore","last_name":"San-Galli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AuroreSanGalli","display_name":"Aurore San-Galli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AuroreSanGalli?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-30287731">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-30287731"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/BouretSebastien">Bouret Sebastien</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-30287731'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-30287731').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30287731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30287731"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30287731; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30287731]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30287731").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30287731").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30287731"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43774" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning">Learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43774" type="text/json">{"id":43774,"name":"Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation">Motivation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46406" type="text/json">{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reward">Reward</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49021" type="text/json">{"id":49021,"name":"Reward","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reward?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30287731]'), work: {"id":30287731,"title":"Assessing value representation in animals","created_at":"2016-12-06T10:12:21.259-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30287731/Assessing_value_representation_in_animals?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_30287731","summary":"Among all factors modulating our motivation to perform a given action, the ability to represent its outcome is clearly the most determining. Representation of outcomes, rewards in particular, and how they guide behavior, have sparked much research. Both practically and theoretically, understanding the relationship between the representation of outcome value and the organization of goal directed behavior implies that these two processes can be assessed independently. Most of animal studies essentially used instrumental actions as a proxy for the expected goal-value. The purpose of this article is to consider alternative measures of expected outcome value in animals, which are critical to understand the behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms relating the representation of the expected outcome to the organization of the behavior oriented towards its obtention. This would be critical in the field of decision making or social interactions, where the value of multiple items must often be compared and/or shared among individuals to determine the course of actions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50749347,"asset_id":30287731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57727742,"first_name":"Aurore","last_name":"San-Galli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AuroreSanGalli","display_name":"Aurore San-Galli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AuroreSanGalli?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":46056206,"first_name":"Bouret","last_name":"Sebastien","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BouretSebastien","display_name":"Bouret Sebastien","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BouretSebastien?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":43774,"name":"Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":49021,"name":"Reward","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reward?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true},{"id":144259,"name":"Goals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Goals?f_ri=185860"},{"id":166781,"name":"Learning Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_Theory?f_ri=185860"},{"id":185860,"name":"Incentive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incentive?f_ri=185860"},{"id":186234,"name":"Medical Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physiology?f_ri=185860"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3187614" data-work_id="3187614" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3187614/Effects_of_Lower_Cost_Incentives_on_Stimulant_Abstinence_in_Methadone_Maintenance_Treatment_A_National_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_Clinical_Trials_Network_Study">Effects of Lower-Cost Incentives on Stimulant Abstinence in Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Contingency management interventions that provide tangible incentives based on objective indicators of drug abstinence have improved treatment outcomes of substance abusers, but have not been widely implemented in community... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3187614" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Contingency management interventions that provide tangible incentives based on objective indicators of drug abstinence have improved treatment outcomes of substance abusers, but have not been widely implemented in community drug abuse treatment settings.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3187614" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fded80113a7eea07eff92c7cee8473f0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32416534,"asset_id":3187614,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32416534/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2683774" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/ScottKellogg">Scott Kellogg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2683774" type="text/json">{"id":2683774,"first_name":"Scott","last_name":"Kellogg","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"ScottKellogg","display_name":"Scott Kellogg","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/ScottKellogg?f_ri=185860","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2683774/857066/1069101/s65_scott.kellogg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3187614 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3187614"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3187614, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3187614", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3187614 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3187614; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3187614"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3187614 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3187614"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3187614; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3187614]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3187614").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3187614").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3187614"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2483" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction">Addiction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2483" type="text/json">{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4531" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial">Clinical Trial</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4531" type="text/json">{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation">Motivation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="46406" type="text/json">{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=185860","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3187614]'), work: {"id":3187614,"title":"Effects of Lower-Cost Incentives on Stimulant Abstinence in Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network Study","created_at":"2013-04-02T01:07:46.430-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3187614/Effects_of_Lower_Cost_Incentives_on_Stimulant_Abstinence_in_Methadone_Maintenance_Treatment_A_National_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_Clinical_Trials_Network_Study?f_ri=185860","dom_id":"work_3187614","summary":"Background: Contingency management interventions that provide tangible incentives based on objective indicators of drug abstinence have improved treatment outcomes of substance abusers, but have not been widely implemented in community drug abuse treatment settings.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32416534,"asset_id":3187614,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2683774,"first_name":"Scott","last_name":"Kellogg","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"ScottKellogg","display_name":"Scott 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reforms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Thailand's universal coverage health care policy has been presented as a knowledge-based reform involving substantial pre-planning, including expert economic analysis of the financing mechanism. This paper describes the new financing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26583330" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Thailand's universal coverage health care policy has been presented as a knowledge-based reform involving substantial pre-planning, including expert economic analysis of the financing mechanism. This paper describes the new financing system introduced from 2001 in which the Ministry of Public Health allocated monies to local Contracted Units for Primary Care (CUPs) on the basis of population. It discusses the policy intention to use capitation funding to change incentive structures and engineer a transfer of professional staff from over-served urban areas to under-served rural areas. The paper utilises qualitative data from national policy makers and health service staff in three north-eastern provinces to tell the story of the reforms. We found that over time government moved away from the original capitation funding model as the result of (a) a macro-allocation problem arising from system disturbance and professional opposition, and (b) a micro-allocation problem that emerged when local budgets were not shared equitably. In many CUPs, the hospital directors controlling resource allocation channelled funds more towards curative services than community facilities. Taken together the macro and micro problems led to the dilution of capitation funding and reduced the re-distributive effects of the reforms. This strand of policy foundered in the face of structural and institutional barriers to change.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26583330" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e06486de85dde629d41774242b2767a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46874497,"asset_id":26583330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46874497/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzM5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47541516" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidHughes71">David Hughes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47541516" type="text/json">{"id":47541516,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Hughes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidHughes71","display_name":"David Hughes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidHughes71?f_ri=185860","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26583330 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26583330"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26583330, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26583330", }); 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