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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tr.wikipedia.org&uselang=tr" class=""><span>Bağış yapın</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&returnto=Kimyasal+termodinamik" title="Bir hesap oluşturup oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu değildir" class=""><span>Hesap oluştur</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a 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mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Kimyasal+termodinamik" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Oturum aç</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çıkış yapmış editörler için sayfalar <a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:Giri%C5%9F" aria-label="Değişiklik yapma hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinin"><span>daha fazla bilgi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Katk%C4%B1lar%C4%B1m" title="Bu IP adresinden yapılmış değişiklikler listesi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Katkılar</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:MesajSayfam" title="Bu IP adresindeki düzenlemeler hakkında tartışma [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Mesaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kimyasal termodinamik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 34 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemiese_termodinamika" title="Chemiese termodinamika - Afrikaanca" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chemiese termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ترموديناميكا كيميائية - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ترموديناميكا كيميائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimy%C9%99vi_termodinamika" title="Kimyəvi termodinamika - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kimyəvi termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хімічная тэрмадынаміка - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хімічная тэрмадынаміка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Химическа термодинамика - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Химическа термодинамика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodin%C3%A0mica_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Termodinàmica química - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Termodinàmica química" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Χημική θερμοδυναμική - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χημική θερμοδυναμική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_thermodynamics" title="Chemical thermodynamics - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chemical thermodynamics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemia_termodinamiko" title="Kemia termodinamiko - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kemia termodinamiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodin%C3%A1mica_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Termodinámica química - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Termodinámica química" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ترمودینامیک شیمیایی - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترمودینامیک شیمیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodin%C3%A1mica_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Termodinámica química - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Termodinámica química" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="रासायनिक ऊष्मागतिकी - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रासायनिक ऊष्मागतिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemijska_termodinamika" title="Kemijska termodinamika - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kemijska termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Քիմիական թերմոդինամիկա - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քիմիական թերմոդինամիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamika_kimia" title="Termodinamika kimia - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Termodinamika kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="化学熱力学 - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="化学熱力学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიური თერმოდინამიკა - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქიმიური თერმოდინამიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Химиялық термодинамика - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химиялық термодинамика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="화학열역학 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화학열역학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemin%C4%97_termodinamika" title="Cheminė termodinamika - Litvanca" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cheminė termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamik_kimia" title="Termodinamik kimia - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Termodinamik kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemische_thermodynamica" title="Chemische thermodynamica - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chemische thermodynamica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjemisk_termodynamikk" title="Kjemisk termodynamikk - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjemisk termodynamikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamika_chemiczna" title="Termodynamika chemiczna - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Termodynamika chemiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamic%C4%83_chimic%C4%83" title="Termodinamică chimică - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Termodinamică chimică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Химическая термодинамика - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Химическая термодинамика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemijska_termodinamika" title="Hemijska termodinamika - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Hemijska termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemisk_termodynamik" title="Kemisk termodynamik - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kemisk termodynamik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хімічна термодинаміка - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хімічна термодинаміка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Nhiệt động hóa học - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiệt động hóa học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="化学热力学 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="化学热力学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2a-ha%CC%8Dk_jia%CC%8Dt-le%CC%8Dk-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Hòa-ha̍k jia̍t-le̍k-ha̍k - Min Nan Çincesi" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hòa-ha̍k jia̍t-le̍k-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="化學熱力學 - Kantonca" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="化學熱力學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q739016#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları 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style="padding-bottom:0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Termodinamik" title="Termodinamik">Termodinamik</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="display:block;margin:0.3em 0 0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Carnot_heat_engine" title="Carnot heat engine"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg/220px-Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg/330px-Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg/440px-Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="370" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Klasik <a href="/wiki/Carnot_%C4%B1s%C4%B1_makinesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnot ısı makinesi">Carnot ısı makinesi</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;">Dallar</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32637355">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamik" title="Termodinamik">Klasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0statistiksel_mekanik" title="İstatistiksel mekanik">İstatistiksel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kimyasal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuantum_termodinami%C4%9Fi" title="Kuantum termodinamiği">Kuantum termodinamiği</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denge_termodinami%C4%9Fi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denge termodinamiği (sayfa mevcut değil)">Denge</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dengesizlik_termodinami%C4%9Fi" title="Dengesizlik termodinamiği">Dengesizlik</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_kanunlar%C4%B1" title="Termodinamik kanunları">Kanunlar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Termodinami%C4%9Fin_s%C4%B1f%C4%B1r%C4%B1nc%C4%B1_kanunu" class="mw-redirect" title="Termodinamiğin sıfırıncı kanunu">Sıfırıncı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinami%C4%9Fin_birinci_kanunu" class="mw-redirect" title="Termodinamiğin birinci kanunu">Birinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinami%C4%9Fin_ikinci_kanunu" class="mw-redirect" title="Termodinamiğin ikinci kanunu">İkinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinami%C4%9Fin_%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCnc%C3%BC_kanunu" title="Termodinamiğin üçüncü kanunu">Üçüncü</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_sistem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamik sistem (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sistemler</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapal%C4%B1_sistem" title="Kapalı sistem">Kapalı sistem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0zole_sistem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İzole sistem (sayfa mevcut değil)">İzole sistem</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33092931"><table class="sidebar nomobile" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_durum" title="Termodinamik durum">Durum</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A2l_denklemi" title="Hâl denklemi">Hâl denklemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0deal_gaz" title="İdeal gaz">İdeal gaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ger%C3%A7ek_gaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerçek gaz (sayfa mevcut değil)">Gerçek gaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddenin_h%C3%A2lleri" title="Maddenin hâlleri">Maddenin hâlleri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faz_(madde)" title="Faz (madde)">Faz (madde)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_denge" title="Termodinamik denge">Denge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontrol_hacmi" title="Kontrol hacmi">Kontrol hacmi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_enstr%C3%BCmanlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamik enstrümanlar (sayfa mevcut değil)">Enstrümanlar</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7ler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamik süreçler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Süreçler</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0zobarik_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İzobarik süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">İzobarik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zokorik_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7" title="İzokorik süreç">İzokorik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0zotermal_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İzotermal süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">İzotermal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adyabatik_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adyabatik süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">Adyabatik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0zentropik_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İzentropik süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">İzentropik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0zentalpik_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İzentalpik süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">İzentalpik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuazi-statik_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuazi-statik süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kuazi-statik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politropik_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politropik süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">Politropik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbest_geni%C5%9Fleme" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbest genişleme">Serbest genişleme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersinir_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tersinir süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">Tersinirlik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersinmez_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tersinmez süreç (sayfa mevcut değil)">Tersinmezlik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endotersinir_termodinamik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endotersinir termodinamik (sayfa mevcut değil)">Endotersinirlik</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_%C3%A7evrim" title="Termodinamik çevrim">Çevrimler</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Is%C4%B1_motoru" title="Isı motoru">Isı motorları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So%C4%9Futma_%C3%A7evrimi" title="Soğutma çevrimi">Isı pompaları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Is%C4%B1l_verim" title="Isıl verim">Isıl verim</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_%C3%B6zellikler_listesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamik özellikler listesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sistem özellikleri</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="font-size:90%;padding-bottom:0.2em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Not: <a href="/w/index.php?title=E%C5%9Flenik_de%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fkenler_(termodinamik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eşlenik değişkenler (termodinamik) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Eşlenik değişkenler</a> <i>italik</i> yazılmıştır.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33092931"><table class="sidebar nomobile" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;margin-top:0.4em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.7em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_diyagramlar%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamik diyagramları (sayfa mevcut değil)">Özellik diyagramları</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye%C4%9Fin_ve_yayg%C4%B1n_%C3%B6zellikler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yeğin ve yaygın özellikler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Yeğin ve yaygın özellikler</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCre%C3%A7_fonksiyonu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Süreç fonksiyonu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Süreç fonksiyonları</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.7em;;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0%C5%9F_(termodinamik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İş (termodinamik) (sayfa mevcut değil)">İş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Is%C4%B1" title="Isı">Isı</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Durum_fonksiyonu" title="Durum fonksiyonu">Hâl fonksiyonları</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.7em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_s%C4%B1cakl%C4%B1k" class="mw-redirect" title="Termodinamik sıcaklık">Sıcaklık</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Entropi" title="Entropi">Entropi</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropiye_giri%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropiye giriş (sayfa mevcut değil)">giriş</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas%C4%B1n%C3%A7" title="Basınç">Basınç</a> / <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hacim_(termodinamik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hacim (termodinamik) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Hacim</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimyasal_potansiyel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimyasal potansiyel (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kimyasal potansiyel</a> / <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1k_say%C4%B1s%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parçacık sayısı (sayfa mevcut değil)">Parçacık sayısı</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buhar_kalitesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buhar kalitesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Buhar kalitesi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0ndirgenmi%C5%9F_%C3%B6zellik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İndirgenmiş özellik (sayfa mevcut değil)">İndirgenmiş özellik</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malzeme_%C3%B6zelli%C4%9Fi_(termodinamik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malzeme özelliği (termodinamik) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Malzeme özellikleri</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saf_maddeler_i%C3%A7in_termodinamik_veritabanlar%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saf maddeler için termodinamik veritabanları (sayfa mevcut değil)">Özellik veritabanları</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;margin-top:0.4em;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;"> <table> <tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/Is%C4%B1_s%C4%B1%C4%9Fas%C4%B1" title="Isı sığası">Isı sığası</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c=}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c=}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/891d40a9b18752b04065caee655d008b3ec11428" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.46ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c=}"></span></td> <td><table><tbody><tr><td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"></span></td><td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial S}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial S}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c609f4d3c5692ea4495479ef47594dc67f9fa464" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.817ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial S}"></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-top:solid 1px black;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>N</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5e3890c981ae85503089652feb48b191b57aae3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N}"></span></td><td style="border-top:solid 1px black;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/504aa558fff3d00d10b03cadb1085cb0b7bdc631" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.954ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial T}"></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:right"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%B1k%C4%B1%C5%9Ft%C4%B1r%C4%B1labilirlik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sıkıştırılabilirlik (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sıkıştırılabilirlik</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta =-}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>β</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta =-}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b01c042bf1456bd4d2a8caed1f4912820a7ecbb3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.239ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta =-}"></span></td> <td><table><tbody><tr><td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/92d98b82a3778f043108d4e20960a9193df57cbf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.162ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1}"></span></td><td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0cecdd9d069fa84159940068fc11a91b6b3b9ee4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.105ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial V}"></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-top:solid 1px black;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}"></span></td><td style="border-top:solid 1px black;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ebc4a48eb2412f08b54fe438b5139c88f9cfa372" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.487ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial p}"></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/Genle%C5%9Fme" title="Genleşme">Genleşme</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha =}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> <mo>=</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha =}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a92d4583d351f08c1c70985f0c843b2fff1b01e7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.941ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha =}"></span></td> <td><table><tbody><tr><td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/92d98b82a3778f043108d4e20960a9193df57cbf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.162ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1}"></span></td><td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0cecdd9d069fa84159940068fc11a91b6b3b9ee4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.105ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial V}"></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-top:solid 1px black;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}"></span></td><td style="border-top:solid 1px black;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/504aa558fff3d00d10b03cadb1085cb0b7bdc631" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.954ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial T}"></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> </tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_denklemler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamik denklemler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Denklemler</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnot_teoremi_(termodinamik)" title="Carnot teoremi (termodinamik)">Carnot teoremi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clausius_teoremi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clausius teoremi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Clausius teoremi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temel_termodinamik_ili%C5%9Fki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temel termodinamik ilişki (sayfa mevcut değil)">Temel ilişki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0deal_gaz_yasas%C4%B1" title="İdeal gaz yasası">İdeal gaz yasası</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_ili%C5%9Fkileri" title="Maxwell ilişkileri">Maxwell ilişkileri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ift_tarafl%C4%B1_Onsager_ba%C4%9F%C4%B1nt%C4%B1lar%C4%B1" title="Çift taraflı Onsager bağıntıları">Çift taraflı Onsager bağıntıları</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridgman_termodinamik_denklemleri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridgman termodinamik denklemleri (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bridgman denklemleri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_denklemler_tablosu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamik denklemler tablosu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Termodinamik denklemler tablosu</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamik_potansiyel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamik potansiyel (sayfa mevcut değil)">Potansiyeller</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_serbest_enerji" title="Termodinamik serbest enerji">Serbest enerji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbest_entropi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serbest entropi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Serbest entropi</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="plainlist" style=""><ul><li style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.6em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C3%A7_enerji" title="İç enerji">İç enerji</a><br /><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U(S,V)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U(S,V)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/921f33f9c6551562ec836007b035c2de6323d2d6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.912ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U(S,V)}"></span></li><li style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.6em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Entalpi" title="Entalpi">Entalpi</a><br /><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H(S,p)=U+pV}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H(S,p)=U+pV}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6407d78e5f39d07f70e2414a92e08e2e068519f3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.254ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H(S,p)=U+pV}"></span></li><li style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.6em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmholtz_serbest_enerjisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmholtz serbest enerjisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Helmholtz serbest enerjisi</a><br /><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A(T,V)=U-TS}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A(T,V)=U-TS}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5e93692f031ba6484d82731c54db83a69daed3f0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.867ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A(T,V)=U-TS}"></span></li><li style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.6em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Gibbs_serbest_enerjisi" title="Gibbs serbest enerjisi">Gibbs serbest enerjisi</a><br /><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G(T,p)=H-TS}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G(T,p)=H-TS}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8dd7a8f0b8ae04963da133e3b202432e1b6caed4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.614ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G(T,p)=H-TS}"></span></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><div class="hlist hlist-separated" style="display:inline-block;"><ul><li>Tarih</li><li>Kültür</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33092931"><table class="sidebar nomobile" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> Tarih</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_tarihi" title="Termodinamik tarihi">Genel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropi_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropi tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Entropi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaz_yasalar%C4%B1" title="Gaz yasaları">Gaz yasaları</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devridaim_makinelerinin_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devridaim makinelerinin tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">"Devridaim" makineleri</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Termal_ve_istatistiksel_fizik_felsefesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termal ve istatistiksel fizik felsefesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Felsefe</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaman_oku_olarak_entropi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaman oku olarak entropi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Entropi ve zaman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropi_ve_ya%C5%9Fam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropi ve yaşam (sayfa mevcut değil)">Entropi ve yaşam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownian_ratchet" title="Brownian ratchet">Brownian ratchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell%27in_Cini" title="Maxwell'in Cini">Maxwell'in Cini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Is%C4%B1_%C3%B6l%C3%BCm%C3%BC_paradoksu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isı ölümü paradoksu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Isı ölümü paradoksu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loschmidt_paradoksu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loschmidt paradoksu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Loschmidt paradoksu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinerjetik_(Haken)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinerjetik (Haken) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sinerjetik</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> Teoriler</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalorik_teorisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalorik teorisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kalorik teorisi</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vis_viva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vis viva (sayfa mevcut değil)"><i>Vis viva</i> <span style="font-size:90%;">("yaşam gücü")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Is%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_mekanik_e%C5%9Fde%C4%9Feri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isının mekanik eşdeğeri (sayfa mevcut değil)">Isının mekanik eşdeğeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BC%C3%A7_(fizik)" title="Güç (fizik)">Tahrik gücü</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizikteki_%C3%B6nemli_yay%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1n_litesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fizikteki önemli yayınların litesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Temel yayınlar</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;">"<a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Experimental_Enquiry_Concerning_the_Source_of_the_Heat_which_is_Excited_by_Friction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Experimental Enquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction (sayfa mevcut değil)">An Experimental Enquiry<br />Concerning ... Heat</a>"</div></li> <li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;">"<a href="/w/index.php?title=On_the_Equilibrium_of_Heterogeneous_Substances&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances (sayfa mevcut değil)">On the Equilibrium of<br />Heterogeneous Substances</a>"</div></li> <li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;">"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Reflections_on_the_Motive_Power_of_Fire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire (sayfa mevcut değil)">Reflections on the<br />Motive Power of Fire</a>"</div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> Zaman çizelgeleri</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_ve_istatistiksel_fizik_kronolojisi" title="Termodinamik ve istatistiksel fizik kronolojisi">Termodinamik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Is%C4%B1_makinesi_teknolojisinin_tarih_%C3%A7izelgesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isı makinesi teknolojisinin tarih çizelgesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Isı makineleri</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff;font-style:italic;"> <div class="hlist hlist-separated" style="display:inline-block;"><ul><li>Sanat</li><li>Eğitim</li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxwell%27in_termodinamik_y%C3%BCzeyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxwell'in termodinamik yüzeyi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Maxwell'in termodinamik yüzeyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropi_(enerji_da%C4%9F%C4%B1t%C4%B1m%C4%B1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropi (enerji dağıtımı) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Enerji dağıtımı olarak entropi</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;">Bilim insanları</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bernoulli" title="Daniel Bernoulli">Bernoulli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann" title="Ludwig Boltzmann">Boltzmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot">Carnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Paul_%C3%89mile_Clapeyron" title="Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron">Clapeyron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Clausius" title="Rudolf Clausius">Clausius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Karatodori" title="Konstantin Karatodori">Carathéodory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Duhem" title="Pierre Duhem">Duhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs">Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">von Helmholtz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">Joule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">Maxwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Robert_von_Mayer" title="Julius Robert von Mayer">von Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Onsager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine">Rankine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Smeaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Smeaton (sayfa mevcut değil)">Smeaton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Ernst_Stahl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Ernst Stahl (sayfa mevcut değil)">Stahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson" title="Benjamin Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thomson" title="William Thomson">Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van der Waals</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Waterston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John James Waterston (sayfa mevcut değil)">Waterston</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;">Diğer</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekirdeklenme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çekirdeklenme (sayfa mevcut değil)">Çekirdeklenme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96ztoplanma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Öztoplanma (sayfa mevcut değil)">Öztoplanma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96z%C3%B6rg%C3%BCtlenme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Özörgütlenme (sayfa mevcut değil)">Özörgütlenme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCzen_ve_d%C3%BCzensizlik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Düzen ve düzensizlik (sayfa mevcut değil)">Düzen ve düzensizlik</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategori"><img alt="Kategori" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/16px-Symbol_category.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/24px-Symbol_category.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/32px-Symbol_category.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Termodinamik" title="Kategori:Termodinamik">Kategori</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Termodinamik" title="Şablon:Termodinamik"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Termodinamik" title="Şablon tartışma:Termodinamik"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Termodinamik&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kimyasal termodinamik</b>, <a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_kanunlar%C4%B1" title="Termodinamik kanunları">termodinamik kanunlarının</a> sınırları içinde, <a href="/wiki/Is%C4%B1" title="Isı">ısı</a> ve <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9F_(fizik)" title="İş (fizik)">işin</a> <a href="/wiki/Kimyasal_reaksiyon" title="Kimyasal reaksiyon">kimyasal reaksiyonlarla</a> veya fiziksel <a href="/wiki/Termodinamik_durum" title="Termodinamik durum">hâl</a> değişiklikleriyle karşılıklı ilişkisinin incelenmesidir. Kimyasal termodinamik, yalnızca çeşitli termodinamik özelliklerin laboratuvar ölçümleriyle değil, aynı zamanda matematiksel yöntemler kullanılarak kimyayla ilgili sorulara cevap aranmasıyla ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimyasal_i%C5%9Flem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimyasal işlem (sayfa mevcut değil)">kimyasal süreçlerin</a> <i>kendiliğinden gerçekleşme eğiliminin</i> araştırılmasıyla da ilgilenir. </p><p>Kimyasal termodinamiğin yapısı, termodinamiğin ilk iki kanununa dayanmaktadır. Termodinamiğin birinci ve ikinci kanunlarından yola çıkılarak "Gibbs'in temel denklemleri" adı verilen dört denklem türetilebilir. Basit matematiksel yöntemler kullanılarak bu dört denklemden bir sistemin termodinamik özelliklerini birbiriyle ilişkilendiren çok sayıda denklem türetilebilir. Bu tanımlar, kimyasal termodinamiğin matematiksel sistemini özetlemektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-Book1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Book1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimyasal_termodinamik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimyasal_termodinamik&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Book1-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Book1_1-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Ott, Bevan J.; Boerio-Goates, Juliana (2000). <i>Chemical Thermodynamics – Principles and Applications</i>. Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-12-530990-2" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-12-530990-2">0-12-530990-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemical+Thermodynamics+%E2%80%93+Principles+and+Applications&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-12-530990-2&rft.aulast=Ott&rft.aufirst=Bevan+J.&rft.au=Boerio-Goates%2C+Juliana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKimyasal+termodinamik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kimya_mühendisliği_konuları" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" 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href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Kimya_m%C3%BChendisli%C4%9Fi_konular%C4%B1&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";background:#008080;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kimya_mühendisliği_konuları" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kimya_m%C3%BChendisli%C4%9Fi" title="Kimya mühendisliği"><span style="color:white;">Kimya mühendisliği</span></a> <span style="color:white;">konuları</span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#008080"><span style="color:white;">Tarih</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimya_m%C3%BChendisli%C4%9Fi_tarihi" title="Kimya mühendisliği tarihi">Kimya mühendisliği tarihi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Nihon_Shokubai_Kawasaki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Nihon_Shokubai_Kawasaki.jpg/170px-Nihon_Shokubai_Kawasaki.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Nihon_Shokubai_Kawasaki.jpg/255px-Nihon_Shokubai_Kawasaki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Nihon_Shokubai_Kawasaki.jpg/340px-Nihon_Shokubai_Kawasaki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2009" data-file-height="2464" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#008080"><span style="color:white;">Kavramlar</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birim_i%C5%9Flem" title="Birim işlem">Ünite operasyonları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimyasal_proses" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimyasal proses">Kimyasal prosesler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cnite_prosesi" title="Ünite prosesi">Ünite prosesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimya_m%C3%BChendisi" title="Kimya mühendisi">Kimya mühendisi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#008080"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cnite_operasyonlar%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ünite operasyonları"><span style="color:white;">Ünite operasyonları </span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Is%C4%B1_aktar%C4%B1m%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Isı aktarımı">Isı aktarımı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCtle_aktar%C4%B1m%C4%B1" title="Kütle aktarımı">Kütle aktarımı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_aktar%C4%B1m%C4%B1" title="Momentum aktarımı">Momentum aktarımı</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#008080"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cnite_prosesleri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ünite prosesleri"><span style="color:white;">Ünite prosesleri</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimyasal_reaksiyon_m%C3%BChendisli%C4%9Fi" title="Kimyasal reaksiyon mühendisliği">Kimyasal reaksiyon mühendisliği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimyasal_kinetik" title="Kimyasal kinetik">Kimyasal kinetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimyasal_proses_modelleme" title="Kimyasal proses modelleme">Kimyasal proses modelleme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#008080"><span style="color:white;">Dallar</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ak%C4%B1%C5%9Fkanlar_dinami%C4%9Fi" title="Akışkanlar dinamiği">Akışkanlar dinamiği</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kimyasal termodinamik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimyasal_tesisi#Kimyasal_tesisi_tasarımı" title="Kimyasal tesisi">Kimyasal tesisi tasarımı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proses_tasar%C4%B1m%C4%B1" title="Proses tasarımı">Proses tasarımı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1m_olay%C4%B1" title="Taşınım olayı">Taşınım olayı</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#008080"><span style="color:white;">Diğer</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimya_m%C3%BChendisleri_listesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimya mühendisleri listesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kimya mühendisleri listesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimya_m%C3%BChendisli%C4%9Fi_dernekleri_listesi" title="Kimya mühendisliği dernekleri listesi">Kimya mühendisliği dernekleri listesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimyasal_proses_sim%C3%BClat%C3%B6rleri_listesi" title="Kimyasal proses simülatörleri listesi">Kimyasal proses simülatörleri listesi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#008080"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategori"><img alt="Kategori" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/16px-Symbol_category.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/24px-Symbol_category.svg.png 1.5x, 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