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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Terminology pertaining to a narration's origin</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Terminology_pertaining_to_a_narration's_origin-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Terminology pertaining to a narration's origin subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Terminology_pertaining_to_a_narration's_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marfūʿ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marfūʿ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Marfūʿ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marfūʿ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mawquf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mawquf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span><i>Mawquf</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mawquf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maqtu‘" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maqtu‘"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span><i>Maqtu‘</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maqtu‘-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology_relating_to_the_number_of_narrators_in_an_isnad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology_relating_to_the_number_of_narrators_in_an_isnad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Terminology relating to the number of narrators in an <i>isnad</i></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Terminology_relating_to_the_number_of_narrators_in_an_isnad-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Terminology relating to the number of narrators in an <i>isnad</i> subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Terminology_relating_to_the_number_of_narrators_in_an_isnad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mutawatir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mutawatir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span><i>Mutawatir</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mutawatir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Types_of_mutawatir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_mutawatir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Types of <i>mutawatir</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_mutawatir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ahaad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ahaad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span><i>Ahaad</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ahaad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mashhur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mashhur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span><i>Mashhur</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mashhur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ʻAziz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ʻAziz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span><i>ʻAziz</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ʻAziz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gharib" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gharib"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span><i>Gharib</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gharib-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_on_Islamic_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_on_Islamic_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Impact on Islamic law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_on_Islamic_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology_relating_to_the_authenticity_of_a_hadith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology_relating_to_the_authenticity_of_a_hadith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Terminology relating to the authenticity of a <i>hadith</i></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Terminology_relating_to_the_authenticity_of_a_hadith-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Terminology relating to the authenticity of a <i>hadith</i> subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Terminology_relating_to_the_authenticity_of_a_hadith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ṣaḥīḥ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ṣaḥīḥ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span><i>Ṣaḥīḥ</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ṣaḥīḥ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ḥasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ḥasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span><i>Ḥasan</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ḥasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Related terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Musnad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musnad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span><i>Musnad</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musnad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musnad_format_of_hadith_collection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musnad_format_of_hadith_collection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span><i>Musnad</i> format of <i>hadith</i> collection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musnad_format_of_hadith_collection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muttaṣil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muttaṣil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span><i>Muttaṣil</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muttaṣil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ḍaʻīf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ḍaʻīf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span><i>Ḍaʻīf</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ḍaʻīf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Categories_of_discontinuity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categories_of_discontinuity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Categories of discontinuity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Categories_of_discontinuity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Muʻallaq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muʻallaq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1.1</span> <span><i>Muʻallaq</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muʻallaq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mursal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mursal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1.2</span> <span><i>Mursal</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mursal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muʻḍal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muʻḍal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1.3</span> <span><i>Muʻḍal</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muʻḍal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Munqaṭiʻ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Munqaṭiʻ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1.4</span> <span><i>Munqaṭiʻ</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Munqaṭiʻ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_types_of_weakness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_types_of_weakness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>Other types of weakness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_types_of_weakness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Munkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Munkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2.1</span> <span><i>Munkar</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Munkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shādh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shādh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2.2</span> <span><i>Shādh</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shādh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muḍṭarib" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muḍṭarib"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2.3</span> <span><i>Muḍṭarib</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muḍṭarib-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mawḍūʻ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mawḍūʻ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2.4</span> <span><i>Mawḍūʻ</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mawḍūʻ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Recognizing_fabricated_hadith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognizing_fabricated_hadith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2.4.1</span> <span>Recognizing fabricated <i>hadith</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognizing_fabricated_hadith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2.4.2</span> <span>Collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hadith terminology</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="علم مصطلح الحديث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم مصطلح الحديث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diray%C9%99" title="Dirayə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dirayə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="হাদিসের পরিভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাদিসের পরিভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%AD%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AB" title="مصطلح‌الحدیث – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مصطلح‌الحدیث" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithologie" title="Hadithologie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hadithologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="हदीस की शब्दावली – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हदीस की शब्दावली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA%27" title="הטרמינולוגיה של החדית' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הטרמינולוגיה של החדית'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AB%D9%95%DA%86_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%B2%DA%98" title="حدیثٕچ اصطلاحٲژ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="حدیثٕچ اصطلاحٲژ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istilah_Hadis" title="Istilah Hadis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Istilah Hadis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AB" title="اصطلاحات حدیث – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اصطلاحات حدیث" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Терминология хадиса – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Терминология хадиса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadis_terminolojisi" title="Hadis terminolojisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hadis terminolojisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AB" title="اصطلاحات حدیث – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اصطلاحات حدیث" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5637909#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #dcf5dc;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Hadith" title="Category:Hadith">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadith1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Hadith1.png/150px-Hadith1.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Hadith1.png/225px-Hadith1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Hadith1.png 2x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="234" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;text-align:center; background: #dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hadith_studies" title="Hadith studies">Hadith studies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadith_sciences" title="Hadith sciences">Hadith sciences</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Terminology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahih_hadith" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahih hadith">Sahih hadith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categories_of_Hadith" title="Categories of Hadith">Types <span style="font-size:85%;">(categories)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_evaluation" title="Biographical evaluation">Biographical evaluation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musannaf" title="Musannaf">Musannaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musnads" class="mw-redirect" title="Musnads">Musnad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isra%CA%BCiliyyat" title="Israʼiliyyat">Israʼiliyyat</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;text-align:center; background: #dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hadith_collections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hadith collections">Collections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#d6e7ff; text-align:center; padding:2px 1px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none;white-space:nowrap"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="background:#e2eeff;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Kutub_al-Sittah" title="Kutub al-Sittah">Kutub Al-Sittah</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">("The Six Books")</span></span></div></th></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih al-Bukhari</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:120%;"> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">صحيح البخاري</span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Sahih Muslim</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:120%;"> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">صحيح مسلم</span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sunan_Abi_Dawud" title="Sunan Abi Dawud">Sunan Abi Dawud</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:120%;"> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سنن أبي داود</span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sunan_al-Tirmidhi" title="Sunan al-Tirmidhi">Sunan al-Tirmidhi</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:120%;"> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سنن الترمذي</span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sunan_al-Nasa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan al-Nasa'i">Sunan al-Nasa'i</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:120%;"> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سنن النسائي</span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sunan_ibn_Majah" title="Sunan ibn Majah">Sunan ibn Majah</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:120%;"> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سنن ابن ماجه</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="col" style="background:#e2eeff; padding:0.4em;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Others</div></th><th scope="col" style="background:#e2eeff; padding:0.4em;;width:30%"></th></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Adab_al-Mufrad" title="Al-Adab al-Mufrad">Al-Adab al-Mufrad</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Jami_al-Kamil" title="Al-Jami al-Kamil">Al-Jami al-Kamil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Kanz_al-Ummal" title="Kanz al-Ummal">Kanz al-Ummal</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Athar" title="Kitab al-Athar">Kitab al-Athar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Majma_al-Zawa%27id" title="Majma al-Zawa'id">Majma al-Zawa'id</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27jam_al-Awsat" title="Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat">Mu'jam al-Awsat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27jam_al-Kabeer" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mu'jam al-Kabeer">Mu'jam al-Kabeer</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27jam_al-Saghir" title="Al-Mu'jam al-Saghir">Mu'jam al-Saghir</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Musannaf_Abd_al-Razzaq" title="Musannaf Abd al-Razzaq">Musannaf Abd al-Razzaq</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Musannaf_Ibn_Abi_Shaybah" title="Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah">Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Musnad_Abu_Awanah" title="Musnad Abu Awanah">Musnad Abu Awanah</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Musnad_Abu_Hanifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Musnad Abu Hanifa">Musnad Abu Hanifa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Musnad_Abu_Ya%27la" class="mw-redirect" title="Musnad Abu Ya'la">Musnad Abu Ya'la</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Musnad_Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Musnad_al-Bazzar" title="Musnad al-Bazzar">Musnad_al-Bazzar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Musnad_al-Shafi%27i" title="Musnad al-Shafi'i">Musnad al-Shafi'i</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Musnad_al-Siraj" title="Musnad al-Siraj">Musnad al-Siraj</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Musnad_al-Firdous" title="Musnad al-Firdous">Musnad al-Firdous</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Musnad_al-Tayalisi" title="Musnad al-Tayalisi">Musnad al-Tayalisi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Musnad_Humaidi" title="Musnad Humaidi">Musnad Humaidi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Musnad_Ishaq_ibn_Rahwayh" title="Musnad Ishaq ibn Rahwayh">Musnad Ishaq ibn Rahwayh</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Mustadrak_ala_al-Sahihayn" title="Al-Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn">Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Muwatta_Imam_Malik" title="Muwatta Imam Malik">Muwatta Imam Malik</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Hibban" title="Sahih Ibn Hibban">Sahih Ibn Hibban</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Khuzaymah" title="Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah">Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Sahifah_Hammam_ibn_Munabbih" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahifah Hammam ibn Munabbih">Sahifah Hammam ibn Munabbih</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Shama%27il_al-Muhammadiyya" title="Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya">Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Sunan_al-Bayhaqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan al-Bayhaqi">Sunan al-Kubra Bayhaqi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Sunan_al-Wusta" title="Al-Sunan al-Wusta">Sunan al-Wusta Bayhaqi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Sunan_al-Daraqutni" title="Sunan al-Daraqutni">Sunan al-Daraqutni</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Sunan_al-Darimi" title="Sunan al-Darimi">Sunan al-Darimi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/As-Sunan_al-Kubra" title="As-Sunan al-Kubra">Sunan Nasa'i al-Kubra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Sunan_Sa%27id_ibn_Mansur" title="Sunan Sa'id ibn Mansur">Sunan Sa'id ibn Mansur</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Shu%27ab_al-Iman" title="Shu'ab al-Iman">Shu'ab al-Iman</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/Tahdhib_al-Athar" title="Tahdhib al-Athar">Tahdhib al-Athar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td style="width:30%"> <a href="/wiki/At-Targhib_wat-Tarhib" title="At-Targhib wat-Tarhib">Targhib wal Tarhib</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#d6e7ff; text-align:center; padding:2px 1px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none;white-space:nowrap"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="background:#e2eeff;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Books" title="The Four Books">Al-Kutub Al-Arb'ah</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">("The Four Books")</span></span></div></th></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Kafi" title="Kitab al-Kafi">Kitab al-Kafi</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:120%;"> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الكتاب الكافي</span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Man_La_Yahduruhu_al-Faqih" title="Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih">Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih</a></div></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:120%;"> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">من لا يحضره الفقيه</span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tahdhib_al-Ahkam" title="Tahdhib al-Ahkam">Tahdhib al-Ahkam</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:120%;"> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تهذیب الاحکام</span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Istibsar" title="Al-Istibsar">Al-Istibsar</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:120%;"> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الاستبصار</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="col" style="background:#d6e7ff; padding:0.4em;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Others</div></th><th scope="col" style="background:#d6e7ff; padding:0.4em;;width:30%"></th></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/Al-Wafi" title="Al-Wafi">Al-Wafi</a></td><td style="width:30%"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/Wasa%27il_al-Shia" title="Wasa'il al-Shia">Wasa'il al-Shia</a></td><td style="width:30%"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustadrak_al-wasa%27il&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustadrak al-wasa'il (page does not exist)">Mustadrak al-wasa'il</a></td><td style="width:30%"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/Bihar_al-Anwar" title="Bihar al-Anwar">Bihar al-Anwar</a></td><td style="width:30%"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/Nahj_al-Balagha" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahj al-Balagha">Nahj al-Balagha</a></td><td style="width:30%"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Sulaym_ibn_Qays" title="The Book of Sulaym ibn Qays">The Book of Sulaym ibn Qays</a></td><td style="width:30%"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/Al-Sahifa_al-Sajjadiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya">Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya</a></td><td style="width:30%"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/Risalah_al-Huquq" class="mw-redirect" title="Risalah al-Huquq">Risalah al-Huquq</a></td><td style="width:30%"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/Sahifah_of_al-Ridha" title="Sahifah of al-Ridha">Sahifah of al-Ridha</a></td><td style="width:30%"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/Al-Risalah_al-Dhahabiah" title="Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah">Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah</a></td><td style="width:30%"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/Da%27a%27im_al-Islam" title="Da'a'im al-Islam">Da'a'im al-Islam</a></td><td style="width:30%"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/Uyoun_Akhbar_Al-Ridha" title="Uyoun Akhbar Al-Ridha">Uyoun Akhbar Al-Ridha</a></td><td style="width:30%"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/Reality_of_Certainty" title="Reality of Certainty">Haqq al-Yaqeen</a></td><td style="width:30%"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/Essence_of_Life_(book)" title="Essence of Life (book)">Ain Al-Hayat</a></td><td style="width:30%"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghadir" title="Al-Ghadir">Al-Ghadir</a></td><td style="width:30%"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#d6e7ff; text-align:center; padding:2px 1px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadi</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jami_Sahih" title="Jami Sahih">Jami Sahih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartib_al-Musnad" title="Tartib al-Musnad">Tartib al-Musnad</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border: 0;"> <ul><li><small><small><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> - Books also revered by <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a></small></small></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;text-align:center; background: #dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_hadith" title="Criticism of hadith">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_al-Hadith" title="Sheikh al-Hadith">Sheikh al-Hadith</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #dcf5dc;border-bottom:1px solid #dcf5dc;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Category:Hadith" title="Category:Hadith">Category</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hadith" title="Template:Hadith"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hadith" title="Template talk:Hadith"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hadith" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hadith"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hadith terminology</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مصطلح الحديث</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">muṣṭalaḥu l-ḥadīth</i></span>) is the body of terminology in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> which specifies the acceptability of the sayings (<i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a></i>) attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Prophets_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets in Islam">Islamic prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> by other early Islamic figures of significance such as the companions and followers/successors. Individual terms distinguish between those <i>hadith</i> considered rightfully attributed to their source or detail the faults of those of dubious <a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">provenance</a>. Formally, it has been defined by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalani" title="Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani">Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani</a> as: "knowledge of the principles by which the condition of the narrator and the narrated are determined."<sup id="cite_ref-Nukat_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nukat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This page comprises the primary terminology used within <a href="/wiki/Hadith_sciences" title="Hadith sciences">hadith sciences</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification_of_Hadith">Classification of Hadith</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification of Hadith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="56" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(247,150,70);text-align:center"><b>Distribution of Hadith</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="24" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,255,0);"><b>Pertaining to Narrator's Origin</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(51,153,51);"><b>Al-Qudsi</b> (Sacred Hadith)</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(51,153,51);"><b>Al-Mawquf</b> (Stopped)</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(51,153,51);"><b>Al-Marfu </b>(Stopped)</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(51,153,51);"><b>Al-Maqtu'</b> (Sectioned)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(51,204,51);"><b>Al-Qawli</b></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(51,204,51);"><b>Al-Fa'li</b></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(51,204,51);"><b>At-Taqriri</b></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(51,204,51);"><b>Al-Wasfi</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(153,255,153);"><b>As-Sarih</b></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(153,255,153);"><b>Al-Hukmi</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="36" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,255,0);"><b>In Terms of number of Narrators in the isnad</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(51,51,255);"><b>Al-Mutawatir</b> (Successive)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(51,51,255);"><b>Ahaad</b> (Singular)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(102,153,255);"><b>Al-Mutawatir</b> in meaning</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(102,153,255);"><b>Al-Mutawatir</b> in wording</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(102,153,255);"><b>Al-Mashhur</b> (Popular), also <b>Al-Mustafidh</b></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(102,153,255)"><b>Al-Majhul</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(153,204,255);"><b>Al-Aziz</b> (Rare, Sound)</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(153,204,255);"><b>Al-Gharib</b> (Scarce, Strange)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(204,236,255);"><b>Al-Mutlaq </b>(Absolute)</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(204,236,255);"><b>An-Nasabi</b> (Related)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="12" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="42" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,255,0);"><b>In Terms of Authenticity and Weakness</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,128,128);"><b>Maqbul</b> (Acceptable)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(204,0,0);"><b>Mardud</b> (Rejected)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,153,153);"><b>Sahih</b></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,204,204);"><b>Sahih lizatih</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,0,0);"><b>At-Ta'aridh</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,0,0);"><b>Al-Dhaif</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,204,204);"><b>Sahih lighairih</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,153,153);"><b>Al-Hasan</b></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>Al-Jama' bain Al-Ahadith</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,32,32);">Fall in the Chain of <b>Isnad</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,32,32);">Slander in Narrator</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,204,204);"><b>Al-Hasan Lizatih</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>An-Naskh</b></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,204,204);"><b>Al-Hasan Lighairih</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>At-Tajrih</b></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,32,32);">Visible fall</td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,32,32);">Slander in Justice</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,32,32);">Slander in Confiscation</td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>Al-Hakam</b></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>Al-Mu'laq</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>Al-Kadhib</b>, hadith name - <b>Al-Maudu'</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>Fahash Al-Ghalat</b>, hadith name - <b>Al-Munkar</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>Al-Mursal</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>Ittiham bil-Kadhib</b>, hadith name - <b>Al-Matruk</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>Kathrat Al-Ghaflah</b>, hadith name - <b>Al-Munkar</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>Al-Ma'dhil</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>Al-Bid'ah</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>Suw Al-Hifz</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>Al-Munqata'</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>Al-Jihalah</b></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,96,96);"><b>Tari</b></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,32,32);">Hidden fall</td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,96,96);">Al-Mubham</td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,96,96);">Lazim</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>Al-Mudallis</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,96,96);"><b>Majhul Al-'In</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>Kathrat Al-'Awham</b>, hadith name - <b>Al-Mu'allal</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>At-Tadlees</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,96,96);"><b>Majhul Al-Hal</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);"><b>Mukhalafat Ath-Thaqat</b></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,96,96);">'<b>Am Tadlees</b></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);">Al-Fisq, hadith name - Al-Munkar</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,96,96);"><b>Al-Mudarrij</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,96,96);">At-Taswiyah</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,96,96);"><b>Al-Matlub</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,64,64);">Al-Mursal Al-Khafi'</td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,96,96);"><b>Al-Mudhtarib</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,96,96);"><b>Al-Musahaf wal-Mahrif</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: rgb(255,96,96);"><b>Al-Mazid fi Muttasil Al-Asanid</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology_pertaining_to_a_narration's_origin"><span id="Terminology_pertaining_to_a_narration.27s_origin"></span>Terminology pertaining to a narration's origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Terminology pertaining to a narration's origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Different terms are used for the origin of a narration. These terms specify whether a narration is attributed to Muhammad, a companion, a successor or a latter historical figure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marfūʿ"><span id="Marf.C5.AB.CA.BF"></span>Marfūʿ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marfūʿ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Salah" title="Ibn al-Salah">Ibn al-Salah</a> said: "<i>Marfūʿ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:120%">مرفوع</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Marfūʿ</i></span>) refers to a narration attributed specifically to the Prophet [Muhammad]. This term does not refer to other than him unless otherwise specified. The category of <i>marfuʻ</i> is inclusive of narrations attributed to the Prophet regardless of their being <i>muttasil</i>, <i>munqatiʻ</i> or <i>mursal</i> among other categories."<sup id="cite_ref-Muqaddimah_193-5_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muqaddimah_193-5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mawquf"><i>Mawquf</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mawquf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Ibn al-Salah, "<i>Mawquf</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:120%">موقوف</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Mawqūf</i></span>) refers to a narration attributed to a companion, whether a statement of that companion, an action or otherwise."<sup id="cite_ref-Muqaddimah_193-5_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muqaddimah_193-5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maqtu‘"><span id="Maqtu.E2.80.98"></span><i>Maqtu‘</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Maqtu‘"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ibn al-Salah defined <i>maqtu‘</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">مقطوع</span></span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Maqṭūʿ</i></span>) as a narration attributed to a <a href="/wiki/Tabi%E2%80%98un" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabi‘un">Tabi‘i</a> (a successor of one of Muhammad's companions), whether it is a statement of that successor, an action or otherwise. In spite of the linguistic similarity, it is distinct from <i>munqatiʻ</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Muqaddimah_193-5_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muqaddimah_193-5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology_relating_to_the_number_of_narrators_in_an_isnad">Terminology relating to the number of narrators in an <i>isnad</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Terminology relating to the number of narrators in an isnad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:29%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>In <i>hadith</i> terminology, a <i>hadith</i> is divided into two categories based, essentially, upon the number of narrators mentioned at each level in a particular <i>isnād</i> (chain of narrators).<sup id="cite_ref-al-Muqaddimah,_pg._101_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Muqaddimah,_pg._101-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p>In <i>hadith</i> terminology, a <i>hadith</i> is divided into two categories based, essentially, upon the number of narrators mentioned at each level in a particular <i>isnād</i>. Consideration is given to the fewest narrators at any level of the chain of narration; thus if ten narrators convey a <i>hadith</i> from two others who have conveyed it from ten, it is considered <i><a href="#ʻAziz">ʻaziz</a></i>, not <i><a href="#Mashhur">mashhur</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71._4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71.-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mutawatir"><i>Mutawatir</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mutawatir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first category is <i>mutawatir</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">متواتر</span></span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Mutawātir</i></span>; <span style="font-size:85%;">meaning:</span> successive) narration. A successive narration is one conveyed by narrators so numerous that it is not conceivable that they have agreed upon an untruth thus being accepted as unquestionable in its veracity. The number of narrators is unspecified in its maximum but in the minimum it is not less than 3 ( or 5 in some scholars opinions).<sup id="cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71._4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71.-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <i>hadith</i> is said to be <i>mutawatir</i> if it was reported by a significant, though unspecified, number of narrators at each level in the chain of narration, thus reaching the succeeding generation through multiple chains of narration leading back to its source. This provides confirmation that the <i>hadith</i> is authentically attributed to its source at a level above reasonable doubt. This is due to its being beyond historical possibility that narrators could have conspired to forge a narration. In contrast, an <i>ahaad hadith</i> is a narration the chain of which has not reached a number sufficient to qualify as <i>mutawatir</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Types_of_mutawatir">Types of <i>mutawatir</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Types of mutawatir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Hadiths</i> can be <i>mutawatir</i> in both actual text and meaning: </p> <dl><dt><i>Mutawatir</i> in wording (Mutawatir al-Lafzi)</dt> <dd>A <i>hadith</i> whose words are narrated by such a large number as is required for a <i>mutawatir</i>, in a manner that all the narrators are unanimous in reporting it with the same words without any substantial discrepancy.</dd> <dd>For example: "[Muhammad said:] Whoever intentionally attributes a lie against me, should prepare his seat in the Fire." This is a <i>mutawatir hadith</i> in its wordings because it has a minimum of seventy-four narrators. In other words, seventy-four companions of Muhammad have reported this <i>hadith</i> at different occasions, all with the same words. The number of those who received this <i>hadith</i> from the Companions is many times greater, because each of the seventy four Companions has conveyed it to a number of his students. Thus the total number of narrators of this <i>hadith</i> has been increasing in each successive generation and has never been less than seventy-four. All these narrators who now are hundreds in number, report it in the same words without even a minor change. This <i>hadith</i> is therefore mutawatir in its wording, because it cannot be imagined reasonably that such a large number of people have colluded to coin a fallacious sentence in order to attribute it to Muhammad.</dd> <dt><i>Mutwatir</i> in meaning (Mutawatir al-Ma'Nawi)</dt> <dd>A <i>hadith</i> which is not reported by <a href="/wiki/Multiperspectivity" title="Multiperspectivity">multiple narrators</a> using the same words. The words of the narrators are different. Sometimes even the reported events are not the same. But all the narrators are unanimous in reporting a basic concept, which is common in all reports. This common concept is also ranked as a <i>mutawatir</i> concept.</dd> <dd>For example: It is reported by such a large number of narrators that Muhammad enjoined Muslims to perform two <i><a href="/wiki/Ra%27kat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ra'kat">ra'kat</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Fajr" class="mw-redirect" title="Fajr">Fajr</a>, four ra'kat in <a href="/wiki/Dhuhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhuhr">Dhuhr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asr" class="mw-redirect" title="Asr">Asr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isha_prayer" title="Isha prayer">Isha</a> and three ra'kat in the <a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Maghrib</a> prayer, yet the narrations of all the reporters who reported the number of ra'kat are not in the same words. Their words are different and even the events reported by them are different. But the common feature of all the reports is the same: the exact number of ra'kat. The <i>hadith</i> is thus said to be <i>mutawatir</i> in meaning.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ahaad"><i>Ahaad</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ahaad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second category, <i>ahaad</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">آحاد</span></span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">aahaad</i></span>; <span style="font-size:85%;">meaning:</span> singular) narration, refers to any <i>hadith</i> not classified as <i>mutawatir</i>. Linguistically, <i>hadith ahad</i> refers to a <i>hadith</i> narrated by only one narrator. In <i>hadith</i> terminology, it refers to a <i>hadith</i> not fulfilling all of the conditions necessary to be deemed <i>mutawatir</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71._4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71.-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Hadith ahad</i> consists of three sub-classifications also relating to the number of narrators in the chain or chains of narration:<sup id="cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71._4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71.-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mashhur"><i>Mashhur</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mashhur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first category is <i>mashhur</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">مشهور</span></span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Mashhūr</i></span>; <span style="font-size:85%;">meaning:</span> famous). This refers to <i>hadith</i> conveyed by three or more narrators but not considered <i>mutawatir</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71._4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71.-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ʻAziz"><span id=".CA.BBAziz"></span><i>ʻAziz</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: ʻAziz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An <i>ʻaziz</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">عزيز</span></span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">‘azīz</i></span>) <i>hadith</i> is any <i>hadith</i> conveyed by two narrators at every point in its <i>isnād</i> (chain of narrators).<sup id="cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71._4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71.-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gharib"><i>Gharib</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gharib"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>gharib</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">غريب</span></span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ǧārib</i></span>; <span style="font-size:85%;">meaning:</span> strange) <i>hadith</i> is one conveyed by only one narrator.<sup id="cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71._4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71.-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al-Tirmidhi" title="Al-Tirmidhi">Al-Tirmidhi</a>'s understanding of a <i>gharib hadith</i>, concurs to a certain extent with that of the other traditionists. According to him a <i>hadith</i> may be classified as <i>gharib</i> for one of the following three reasons: </p> <ol><li>Firstly, a <i>hadith</i> may be classified as <i>gharib</i> since it is narrated from one chain only. Al-Tirmidhi said an example is a tradition from <a href="/wiki/Hammad_ibn_Salamah" title="Hammad ibn Salamah">Hammad ibn Salamah</a> from Abu 'Usharai on the authority of his father who asked Muhammad whether the slaughtering of an animal is confined to the gullet and throat. Muhammad said that stabbing the thigh will also suffice.</li> <li>Secondly, a tradition can be classified as <i>gharib</i> due to an addition in the text, though it will be considered a sound tradition, if that addition is reported by a reliable reporter. The example cited by al-Tirmidhi is a tradition narrated through the chain of <a href="/wiki/Malik" title="Malik">Malik</a> (died 179 <a href="/wiki/Hijra_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijra year">AH</a>) from Nafi' (died 117 AH) on the authority of Ibn 'Umar (died 73 AH) who stated that Muhammad declared alms-giving at the end of <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> obligatory upon every <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, male or female, whether a free person or slave from the Muslims. However, this tradition has also been narrated by Ayyub Sakhtiyani and <a href="/wiki/Ubayd_Allah_ibn_Umar" title="Ubayd Allah ibn Umar">'Ubaid Allah ibn 'Umar</a>, without the addition "from the Muslims", hence the above-mentioned example due to the addition of "from the Muslims" in the text is classified as <i>gharib</i>.</li> <li>Thirdly, a tradition may be declared <i>gharib</i> since it is narrated through various chains of transmitters but having within one of its chains an addition in the <i>isnād</i>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_on_Islamic_law">Impact on Islamic law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Impact on Islamic law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Punishment_of_the_Grave#History_of_belief_in_the_punishment_of_the_grave" title="Punishment of the Grave">Punishment of the Grave § History of belief in the punishment of the grave</a></div> <p>There are differing views as to the level of knowledge achieved by each of the two primary categories <i>mutawatir</i> and <i>ahaad</i>. One view, expressed by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalani" title="Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani">Ibn Hajar</a> and others, is that a <i>hadith mutawatir</i> achieves certain knowledge, while <i>ahad hadith</i>, unless otherwise corroborated, yields speculative knowledge upon which action is not mandated.<sup id="cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71._4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71.-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second view, held by <a href="/wiki/Dawud_al-Zahiri" title="Dawud al-Zahiri">Dawud al-Zahiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hazm" title="Ibn Hazm">Ibn Hazm</a> and others – and, reportedly, the position of <a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anas" title="Malik ibn Anas">Malik ibn Anas</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> – is that <i>hadith ahad</i> achieves certain knowledge as well. According to Ibn Hazm, <span class="nowrap">"[t]he</span> narration conveyed by a single, upright narrator conveying from another of a similar description until reaching the Prophet mandates both knowledge and action."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology_relating_to_the_authenticity_of_a_hadith">Terminology relating to the authenticity of a <i>hadith</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Terminology relating to the authenticity of a hadith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Salah" title="Ibn al-Salah">Ibn al-Salah</a> said,<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson-p5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson-p5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<i>Hadith</i>, in the view of scholars of this discipline, fall into the divisions of 'sound' (<i>ṣaḥīḥ</i>), 'fair' (<i>ḥasan</i>), and 'weak' (<i>ḍaʻīf</i>)." While these divisions are further broken down into sub-categories each with their own terminology, the final outcome is essentially to determine whether a particular <i>hadith</i> is <i>ṣaḥīḥ</i> or <i>ḍaʻīf</i>. </p><p>The individual terms are numerous, with <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Salah" title="Ibn al-Salah">Ibn al-Salah</a> including sixty-five in his <i><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_the_Science_of_Hadith" title="Introduction to the Science of Hadith">Introduction to the Science of Hadith</a></i> and then commenting: "This is the end of them, but not the end of what is possible, as this is subject to further particularization to an innumerable extent." Al-Bulqini commented on this by saying, "We have added five more categories, making it seventy."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibn al-Mulaqqin counted the various types as being "more than eighty"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">al-Suyuti</a> included ninety-three in <i>Tadrib al-Rawi</i>. Muḥammad al-Ḥāzimī acknowledged the numerous terms, reaching almost 100 by his own count, saying: "Be aware that the science of <i>hadith</i> consists of numerous types reaching almost a hundred. Each type is an independent discipline in and of itself and were a student to devote his life to them he would not reach their end."<sup id="cite_ref-Nukat_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nukat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ṣaḥīḥ"><span id=".E1.B9.A2a.E1.B8.A5.C4.AB.E1.B8.A5"></span><span class="anchor" id="Sahih"></span> <i>Ṣaḥīḥ</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ṣaḥīḥ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sahih_hadith" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahih hadith">Sahih hadith</a></div> <p><i>Sahih</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:120%">صحيح</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ṣaḥīḥ</i></span>) may be translated as "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sahih" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:sahih">authentic</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "sound."<sup id="cite_ref-Dickinson-p5_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickinson-p5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalani" title="Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani">Ibn Hajar</a> defines a <i>hadith</i> that is <i><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ṣaḥīḥ lidhātihi</i></span></i> ("<i>ṣaḥīḥ</i> in and of itself") as a singular narration (<i>ahaad</i>; see <a href="#Ahaad">below</a>) conveyed by a trustworthy, completely competent person, either in his ability to memorize or to preserve what he wrote, with a <i><a href="#Muttasil">muttaṣil</a></i> ("connected") <i><a href="/wiki/Isn%C4%81d" class="mw-redirect" title="Isnād">isnād</a></i> ("chain of narration") that contains neither a serious concealed flaw (<i>ʻillah,</i> Arabic:علة) nor irregularity (<i>shādhdh</i>). He then defines a <i>hadith</i> that is <i>ṣaḥīḥ lighairihi</i> ("<i>ṣaḥīḥ</i> due to external factors") as a <i>hadith</i> "with something, such as numerous chains of narration, strengthening it."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (November 2019)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Ibn Hajar's definitions indicate that there are five conditions to be met for a particular <i>hadith</i> to be considered <i>ṣaḥīḥ</i>: </p> <ol><li>Each narrator in the <a href="/wiki/Hadith_sciences#Sanad_and_matan" title="Hadith sciences">chain of narration</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS"><span title=" (2024-07-23)">broken anchor</span></a></i>]</sup> must be trustworthy;</li> <li>Each narrator must be reliable in his ability to <i>preserve</i> that narration, be it in his ability to memorize to the extent that he can recall it as he heard it, or, that he has written it as he heard it and has preserved that written document unchanged;</li> <li>The <i>isnād</i> must be connected (<i>muttasil</i>) insofar as it is at least possible for each narrator in the chain to have received the <i>hadith</i> from a predecessor;</li> <li>The <i>hadith</i>, including its <i>isnād</i>, is free of <i>ʻillah</i> (hidden detrimental flaw or flaws, e.g. the establishment that two narrators, although contemporaries, could not have shared the <i>hadith</i>, thereby breaking the <i>isnād</i>.)</li> <li>The <i>hadith</i> is free of irregularity, meaning that it does not contradict another <i>hadith</i> already established (accepted).</li></ol> <p>A number of books were authored in which the author stipulated the inclusion of <i>ṣaḥīḥ hadith</i> alone. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>, which reflects the beliefs followed by 80–90% of adherents of Islam worldwide,<sup id="cite_ref-Sunni_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sunni-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this was only achieved by the first two books in the following list: </p> <ol><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī</a></i>. Considered the most authentic book after the Quran.<sup id="cite_ref-Muqaddimah_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muqaddimah-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim</a></i>. Considered the next most authentic book after Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī.<sup id="cite_ref-Muqaddimah_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muqaddimah-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Khuzaymah" title="Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah">Ṣaḥīḥ ibn Khuzaymah</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">Al-Suyuti</a> was of the opinion that <i>Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Khuzaymah</i> was at a higher level of authenticity than <i>Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Ḥibbān</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-al-Tadrib,_a/148_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Tadrib,_a/148-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Hibbaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahih Ibn Hibbaan">Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Ḥibbān</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">Al-Suyuti</a> also concluded that <i>Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Ḥibbān</i> was more authentic than <i>Al-Mustadrak alaa al-Ṣaḥīḥain</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-al-Tadrib,_a/148_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Tadrib,_a/148-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustadrak_alaa_al-Sahihain" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mustadrak alaa al-Sahihain">al-Mustadrak ʻalā al-Ṣaḥīḥayn</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Hakim_al-Nishaburi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakim al-Nishaburi">Hakim al-Nishaburi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-al-Tadrib,_a/148_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Tadrib,_a/148-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Al-Āhādith al-Jiyād al-Mukhtārah min mā laysa fī Ṣaḥīḥain</i> by <a href="/wiki/Diya_al-Din_al-Maqdisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi">Ḍiyāʼ al-Dīn al-Maqdisī</a>, authenticity considered.<sup id="cite_ref-al-Risalah,_pg._214-5_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Risalah,_pg._214-5-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/Hadith#Different_schools" title="Hadith">Different branches of Islam</a> refer to different collections of hadiths or give preference to different ones. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ḥasan"><span id=".E1.B8.A4asan"></span><span class="anchor" id="Hasan"></span> <i>Ḥasan</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ḥasan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ḥasan</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">حَسَن</span></span></span> meaning "good") is used to describe <i>hadith</i> whose authenticity is not as well-established as that of <i>ṣaḥīḥ hadith</i>, but sufficient for use as supporting evidence. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalani" title="Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani">Ibn Hajar</a> defines a <i>hadith</i> that is <i>ḥasan lithatihi</i> – "<i>ḥasan</i> in and of itself" – with the same definition a <i>ṣaḥīḥ hadith</i> except that the competence of one of its narrators is less than complete; while a <i>hadith</i> that is <i>ḥasan ligharihi</i> ("ḥasan due to external factors") is determined to be <i>ḥasan</i> due to corroborating factors such as numerous chains of narration. He states that it is then comparable to a <i>ṣaḥīḥ hadith</i> in its religious authority. A <i>ḥasan hadith</i> may rise to the level of being <i>ṣaḥīḥ</i> if it is supported by numerous <i>isnād</i> (chains of narration); in this case that <i>hadith</i> would be <i>ḥasan lithatihi</i> ("<i>ḥasan</i> in and of itself") but, once coupled with other supporting chains, becomes <i>ṣaḥīḥ ligharihi</i> ("<i>ṣaḥīḥ</i> due to external factors").<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_terms">Related terms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Related terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Musnad"><i>Musnad</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Musnad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The early scholar of <i>hadith</i>, <a href="/wiki/Hakim_al-Nishaburi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakim al-Nishaburi">Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Hakim</a>, defines a <i>musnad</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">مسند</span></span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Musnad</i></span>; <span style="font-size:85%;">meaning:</span> supported) <i>hadith</i> as: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A <i>hadith</i> which a <a href="/wiki/Hadith_sciences#Muhaddith:_scholar_of_hadith" title="Hadith sciences">scholar of <i>hadith</i></a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS"><span title=" (2024-07-23)">broken anchor</span></a></i>]</sup> reports from his <i><a href="/wiki/Sheikh#Religious_usage" title="Sheikh">shaikh</a></i> whom he has apparently heard <i>hadith</i> from at an age conducive to that, and likewise each <i>shaikh</i> having heard from his <i>shaikh</i> until the <i>isnād</i> reaches a well known <a href="/wiki/Sahaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahaba">Companion</a>, and then the Messenger of Allah. An example of that is: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote" style="font-size:inherit"><p>Abu 'Amr 'Uthman ibn Ahmad al-Samak narrated to us in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>: al-Ḥasan ibn Mukarram narrated to us: ʻUthman ibn 'Umar narrated to us: Yunus informed us from <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri">al-Zuhri</a> from ʻAbdullah ibn Kaʻb ibn Mālik from his father <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka%27b_ibn_Malik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka'b ibn Malik (page does not exist)">Ka'b ibn Malik</a> who sought from ibn Abi Hadrad payment of a debt the latter owed the former while in the mosque. Their voices became raised to the extent that they were heard by the Messenger of Allah. He exited only by lifting the curtain of his apartment and said, "O Kaʻb! Relieve him of his debt," gesturing to him in way indicating by half. So he Kaʻb said, "Yes," and the man paid him.</p></blockquote><p> To clarify this example I have given: my having heard from Ibn al-Samak is apparent, his having heard from al-Ḥasan ibn al-Mukarram is apparent, likewise Hasan having heard from 'Uthman ibn 'Umar and 'Uthman ibn 'Umar from Yunus ibn Yazid – this being an <i>elevated</i> chain for 'Uthman. Yunus was known [for having heard from] al-Zuhri, as was al-Zuhri from the sons of Ka'b ibn Malik, and the sons of Ka'b ibn Malik from their father and Ka'b from the Messenger as he was known for being a Companion. This example I have made applies to thousands of <i>hadith</i>, citing just this one <i>hadith</i> regarding the generality [of this category].<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Musnad_format_of_hadith_collection"><i>Musnad</i> format of <i>hadith</i> collection</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Musnad format of hadith collection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>musnad hadith</i> should not be confused with the type of <i>hadith</i> collection similarly termed <i>musannaf</i>, which is arranged according to the name of the companion narrating each <i>hadith</i>. For example, a <i>musnad</i> might begin by listing a number of the <i>hadith</i>, complete with their respective <i>sanads</i>, of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>, and then listing a number of <i>hadith</i> from <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a>, and then <a href="/wiki/Uthman_ibn_Affan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uthman ibn Affan">Uthman ibn Affan</a> and so on. Individual compilers of this type of collection may vary in their method of arranging those Companions whose <i>hadith</i> they were collecting. An example of this type of book is the <a href="/wiki/Musnad_Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal"><i>Musnad of Ahmad</i></a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Muttaṣil"><span id="Mutta.E1.B9.A3il"></span><span class="anchor" id="Muttasil"></span> <i>Muttaṣil</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Muttaṣil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Muttasil</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">متصل</span></span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Muttaṣil</i></span>) refers to a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%84" class="extiw" title="wikt:متصل">continuous</a> chain of narration in which each narrator has heard that narration from his teacher.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ḍaʻīf"><span id=".E1.B8.8Ca.CA.BB.C4.ABf"></span><span class="anchor" id="Da`if"></span> <i>Ḍaʻīf</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ḍaʻīf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Da‘if</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">ضعيف</span></span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ḍaʻīf</i></span>) is the categorization of a <i>hadith</i> as "weak". Ibn Hajar described the cause of a <i>hadith</i> being classified as weak as "either due to discontinuity in the chain of narrators or due to some <a href="/wiki/Biographical_evaluation" title="Biographical evaluation">criticism of a narrator</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._108._18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Nuzhah,_pg._108.-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This discontinuity refers to the omission of a narrator occurring at different positions within the <i>isnād</i> and is referred to using specific terminology accordingly as discussed below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Categories_of_discontinuity">Categories of discontinuity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Categories of discontinuity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Muʻallaq"><span id="Mu.CA.BBallaq"></span><span class="anchor" id="Mu`allaq"></span> <i>Muʻallaq</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Muʻallaq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Discontinuity in the beginning of the <i>isnād</i>, from the end of the collector of that <i>hadith</i>, is referred to as <i>muʻallaq</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">معلق</span></span></span> meaning "suspended"). <i>Muʻallaq</i> refers to the omission of one or more narrators. It also refers to the omission of the entire <i>isnād</i>, for example, (an author) saying only: "The Prophet said..." In addition, this includes the omission of the <i>isnād</i> except for the companion, or the companion and successor together.<sup id="cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._108._18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Nuzhah,_pg._108.-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Mursal"><i>Mursal</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Mursal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Mursal</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">مرسل</span></span></span> meaning "sent or transmitted"): if the narrator between the <a href="/wiki/Tabi%E2%80%98un" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabi‘un">Successor</a> and Muhammad is omitted from a given <i>isnād</i>, the <i>hadith</i> is <i>mursal</i>, e.g., when a Successor says, "The Prophet said ..."<sup id="cite_ref-S.H._Links_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S.H._Links-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Ahlus-Sunnah (Sunnis) believe in the <a href="/wiki/Sunni_view_of_the_Sahaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni view of the Sahaba">uprightness of all <i>Sahaba</i></a>, they do not view it as a necessary problem if a <a href="/wiki/Tabi%E2%80%98un" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabi‘un">Successor</a> does not mention what <i><a href="/wiki/Sahaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahaba">Sahaba</a></i> he received the <i>hadith</i> from. This means that if a <i>hadith</i> has an acceptable chain all the way to a Successor, and the successor attributes it to an unspecified <a href="/wiki/Sahaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahaba">companion</a>, the <i>isnād</i> is considered acceptable. There are, however, different views in some cases: If the Successor is a young one and it is probable that he omitted an elder Successor who in turn reported from a companion. The opinion held by <a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anas" title="Malik ibn Anas">Imam Malik</a> and all <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a> jurists is that the <i>mursal</i> of a trustworthy person is valid, just like a <i>musnad hadith</i>. This view has been developed to such an extreme that to some of them, the mursal is even better than the musnad, based on the following reasoning: "The one who reports a musnad <i>hadith</i> leaves you with the names of the reporters for further investigation and scrutiny, whereas the one who narrates by way of <i>irsal</i> (the absence of the link between the successor and the Prophet), being a knowledgeable and trustworthy person himself, has already done so and found the <i>hadith</i> to be sound. In fact, he saves you from further research."<sup id="cite_ref-Barr_in_S.H._20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barr_in_S.H.-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others reject the <i>mursal</i> of a younger Successor.<sup id="cite_ref-S.H._Links_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S.H._Links-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Muʻḍal"><span id="Mu.CA.BB.E1.B8.8Dal"></span><span class="anchor" id="Mu`dal"></span> <i>Muʻḍal</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Muʻḍal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Mu‘dal</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">معضل</span></span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Muʻḍal</i></span>; <span style="font-size:85%;">meaning:</span> problematic) describes the omission of two or more consecutive narrators from the <i>isnād</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Munqaṭiʻ"><span id="Munqa.E1.B9.ADi.CA.BB"></span><span class="anchor" id="Munqati"></span> <i>Munqaṭiʻ</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Munqaṭiʻ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>hadith</i> described as <i>munqaṭiʻ</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">منقطع</span></span></span>; <span style="font-size:85%;">meaning:</span> disconnected) is one in which the chain of people reporting the <i>hadith</i> (the <i>isnād</i>) is disconnected at any point.<sup id="cite_ref-S.H._Links_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S.H._Links-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>isnād</i> of a <i>hadith</i> that appears to be <i><a href="#Muttasil">muttaṣil</a></i> but one of the reporters is known to have never heard <i>hadith</i> from his immediate authority, even though they lived at the same time, is <i>munqaṭiʻ</i>. It is also applied when someone says "A man told me...".<sup id="cite_ref-S.H._Links_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S.H._Links-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_types_of_weakness">Other types of weakness</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Other types of weakness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Munkar"><i>Munkar</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Munkar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Munkar</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">منكر</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">meaning:</span> denounced) – According to <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalani" title="Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani">Ibn Hajar</a>, if a narration which goes against another authentic <i>hadith</i> is reported by a weak narrator, it is known as <i>munkar</i>. Traditionists as late as Ahmad used to simply label any <i>hadith</i> of a weak reporter as <i>munkar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-S.H._nature_of_text_-_isnad_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S.H._nature_of_text_-_isnad-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Shādh"><span id="Sh.C4.81dh"></span><span class="anchor" id="Shadhdh"></span> <i>Shādh</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Shādh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Shādh</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">شاذ</span></span></span>; <span style="font-size:85%;">meaning:</span> anomalous) — According to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Idris_ash-Shafi%60i" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi`i">al-Shafi'i</a>, a <i>shādhdh hadith</i> is one which is reported by a trustworthy person who contradicts the narration of a person more reliable than he is. It does not include a <i>hadith</i> which is unique in its <i><a href="/wiki/Matn" title="Matn">matn</a></i> and is not narrated by someone else.<sup id="cite_ref-S.H._nature_of_text_-_isnad_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S.H._nature_of_text_-_isnad-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Muḍṭarib"><span id="Mu.E1.B8.8D.E1.B9.ADarib"></span><span class="anchor" id="Mudtarib"></span> <i>Muḍṭarib</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Muḍṭarib"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Mudtarib</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">مضطرب</span></span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Muḍṭarib</i></span>; <span style="font-size:85%;">meaning:</span> shaky) – According to <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a>, if reporters disagree about a particular shaikh, or about some other points in the <i>isnād</i> or the <i><a href="/wiki/Matn" title="Matn">matn</a></i>, in such a way that none of the opinions can be preferred over the others, and thus there is irreconcilable uncertainty, such a <i>hadith</i> is called <i>muḍṭarib</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-S.H._Hidden_defect_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S.H._Hidden_defect-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An example is the following <i>hadith</i> attributed to <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>"O Messenger of Allah! I see you getting older?" He (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) replied, "What made me old are Surah <a href="/wiki/Hud_(surah)" title="Hud (surah)">Hud</a> and its sister surahs."</p></blockquote> <p>The <i>hadith</i> scholar Al-Daraqutni commented: "This is an example of a <i>muḍṭarib hadith</i>. It is reported through Abu Ishaq, but as many as ten different opinions are held regarding this <i>isnād</i>. Some report it as <i>mursal</i>, others as <i>muttasil</i>; some take it as a narration of Abu Bakr, others as one of Sa'd or ʻA'ishah. Since all these reports are comparable in weight, it is difficult to prefer one above another. Hence, the <i>hadith</i> is termed as <i>muḍṭarib</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-S.H._Hidden_defect_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S.H._Hidden_defect-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Mawḍūʻ"><span id="Maw.E1.B8.8D.C5.AB.CA.BB"></span><span class="anchor" id="Mawdo`"></span> <i>Mawḍūʻ</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Mawḍūʻ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Mawḍūʻ" redirects here. For the website, see <a href="/wiki/Mawdoo3" title="Mawdoo3">Mawdoo3</a>.</div> <p>A <i>hadith</i> that is <i>mawḍūʻ</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">موضوع</span></span></span>) is one determined to be fabricated and cannot be attributed to its origin. <a href="/wiki/Al-Dhahabi" title="Al-Dhahabi">Al-Dhahabi</a> defines <i>mawḍūʻ</i> as a <i>hadith</i> of which the text contradicts established norms of Muhammad's sayings or of which the reporters include a liar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Recognizing_fabricated_hadith">Recognizing fabricated <i>hadith</i></h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Recognizing fabricated hadith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Some of these <i>hadith</i> were known to be spurious by the confession of their inventors. For example, Muhammad ibn Sa`id al-Maslub used to say, "It is not wrong to fabricate an <i>isnād</i> for a sound statement." Another notorious inventor, ʻAbd al-Karim Abu 'l-Auja, who was killed and crucified by Muhammad ibn Sulaiman ibn ʻAli, governor of <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a>, admitted that he had fabricated four thousand <i>hadith</i> declaring lawful the prohibited and vice versa.</li> <li><i>Mawḍūʻ</i> narrations are also recognised by external evidence related to a discrepancy found in the dates or times of a particular incident. For example, when the second caliph, <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a> ibn al-Khattab decided to expel the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> from <a href="/wiki/Khaybar" title="Khaybar">Khaybar</a>, some Jewish dignitaries brought a document to Umar attempting to prove that Muhammad had intended that they stay there by exempting them from the <a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">jizya</a> (tax on non-Muslims under the rule of Muslims); the document carried the witness of two companions, <a href="/wiki/Sa%27d_ibn_Mua%27dh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'd ibn Mua'dh">Sa'd ibn Mua'dh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muawiyah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Muawiyah I">Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan</a>. Umar rejected the document outright, knowing that it was fabricated because the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Khaybar" title="Khaybar">Khaybar</a> took place in 6 AH, whereas <a href="/wiki/Sa%27d_ibn_Mua%27dh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'd ibn Mua'dh">Sa'd ibn Mua'dh</a> died in 5 AH just after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench" title="Battle of the Trench">Battle of the Trench</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muawiyah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Muawiyah I">Mu'awiyah</a> embraced <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in 8 AH, after the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Collections">Collections</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of <i>hadith</i> specialists have collected fabricated <i>hadith</i> separately in order to distinguish them from other <i>hadith</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (August 2017)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> Examples include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Great_Collection_of_Fabricated_Traditions" title="A Great Collection of Fabricated Traditions">Al-Maudu`at</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Faraj_ibn_al-Jawzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi">Abul-Faraj Ibn Al-Jawzi</a>.</li> <li><i>Kitab al-Abatil</i> by al-Jauraqany.</li> <li><i>Al-La'ali al- Masnu'ah fi 'l-Ahadith al-Mawduʻah</i> by <a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">al-Suyuti</a>.</li> <li><i>Al-Mawduʻat</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Qari" title="Ali al-Qari">Ali al-Qari</a>.</li> <li><i>Al-Fawaid al-Majmu'ah fi al-Ahaadeeth al-Mawdu'ah</i> by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ash-Shawkani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ash-Shawkani">Muhammad ash-Shawkani</a>.</li></ul> <p>As in any Islamic discipline, there is a rich history of literature describing the principles and fine points of <i>hadith</i> sciences. Ibn Hajar provides a summation of this development with the following: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Works authored in the terminology of the people of <i>hadith</i> have become plentiful from the <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imams</a>, both old and contemporary: </p><ol><li>From the first of those who authored a work on this subject is the Judge, <a href="/wiki/Ramahurmuzi" title="Ramahurmuzi">Abū Muḥammad al-Rāmahurmuzī</a> in his book, <i>al-Muhaddith al-Faasil</i>, however, it was not comprehensive.</li> <li>And <a href="/wiki/Hakim_al-Nishaburi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakim al-Nishaburi">al-Hakim, Abū Abd Allah an-Naysaburi</a>, authored a book, however, it was neither refined nor well arranged.</li> <li>And following him, Aboo Nu’aym al-Asbahaanee, who wrote a <i>mustakhraj</i> upon the book of the later, (compiling the same narrations al-Hakim cited using his own <i>isnād</i>). However, some things remain in need of correction.</li> <li>And then came <a href="/wiki/Al-Khatib_al-Baghdadi" title="Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi">al-Khatib Abu Bakr al-Bagdadi</a>, authoring works in the various disciplines of the science of <i>hadith</i> a book entitled <i>al-Kifaayah</i> and in its etiquettes a book entitled <i>al-Jamiʻ Li ʻAdab ash-Sheikh wa as-Saamiʻ</i>. Scarce is the discipline from the disciplines of the science of <i>hadith</i> that he has not written an individual book regarding, as al-Hafith Abu Bakr ibn Nuqtah said: "Every objective person knows that the scholars of <i>hadith</i> coming after al-Khatib are indebted to his works." After them came others, following al-Khateeb, taking their share from this science.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_Ayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi Ayyad">al-Qadi ‘Eyaad</a> compiled a concise book naming it <i>al-ʻIlmaa'</i>.</li> <li>Abū Hafs al-Mayyaanajiyy authored a work giving it the title <i>Ma Laa yasu al-Muhaddith Jahluhu</i> or <i>That Which a Hadith Scholar is Not Allowed Ignorance Of</i>. There are numerous examples of this which have gained popularity and were expanded upon seeking to make plentiful the knowledge relating to these books and others abridged making easy their understanding.</li> <li>This was prior to the coming of the memorizer and jurist Taqiyy ad-Deen Aboo ‘Amrin ‘Uthmaan <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Salah" title="Ibn al-Salah">ibn al-Salah</a> ‘Abd ar-Rahmaan ash-Shahruzuuree, who settled in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>. He gathered, at the time he had become a teacher of <i>hadith</i> at the Ashrafiyyah school, his <a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_the_Science_of_Hadith" title="Introduction to the Science of Hadith">well known book</a>, editing the various disciplines mentioned in it. He dictated it piecemeal and, as a result, did not succeed in providing it with an appropriate order. He occupied himself with the various works of <a href="/wiki/Al-Khatib_al-Baghdadi" title="Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi">al-Khatib</a>, gathering his assorted studies, adding to them from other sources the essence of their benefits. So he combined in his book what had been spread throughout books other than it. It is due to this that people have focused their attention upon it, following its example. Innumerable are those who rendered his book into poetry, abridged it, sought to complete what had been left out of it or left out any extraneous information; as well as those who opposed him in some aspect of his work or supported him.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_evaluation" title="Biographical evaluation">Biographical evaluation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Hadith" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of Hadith">Criticism of Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hadith_authors_and_commentators" title="List of hadith authors and commentators">List of hadith authors and commentators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_Torah" title="Oral Torah">Oral Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Prophetic biography</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Nukat-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nukat_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nukat_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFal-ʻAsqalānī" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">al-ʻAsqalānī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī. <i>al-Nukat Ala Kitab Ibn al-Salah</i> (in Arabic). Vol. 1. ʻAjman: Maktabah al-Furqan. pp. 81–95.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=al-Nukat+Ala+Kitab+Ibn+al-Salah&rft.place=%CA%BBAjman&rft.pages=81-95&rft.pub=Maktabah+al-Furqan&rft.aulast=al-%CA%BBAsqal%C4%81n%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=A%E1%B8%A5mad+ibn+%CA%BBAl%C4%AB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadith+terminology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muqaddimah_193-5-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Muqaddimah_193-5_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muqaddimah_193-5_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muqaddimah_193-5_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Muqadimah Ibn al-Salah</i>, by Ibn al-Salah, along with <i>Muhasin al-Istilah</i> by al-Bulqini, edited by 'Aishah bint 'Abd al-Rahman, pg. 193-5, <i>Dar al-Ma'arif</i>, Cairo.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-al-Muqaddimah,_pg._101-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-al-Muqaddimah,_pg._101_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Muqadimah Ibn al-Salah</i>, by Ibn al-Salah, along with <i>Muhasin al-Istilah</i> by al-Bulqini, edited by 'Aishah bint 'Abd al-Rahman, pg. 101, <i>Dar al-Ma'arif</i>, Cairo.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71.-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71._4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71._4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71._4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71._4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71._4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71._4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71._4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._51-71._4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nuzhah al-Nathar</i>, by Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, printed with: <i>Al-Nukat Ala Nuzhah al-Nathr</i>, pgs. 51–70, by Ali ibn Hasan ibn Ali, <i>Dar Ibn al-Jawzi</i>, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, sixth edition, 1422.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Al-Ba’ith al-Hathith Sharh Ikhtisar Ulum Al-Hadith</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Muhammad_Shakir" title="Ahmad Muhammad Shakir">Ahmad Muhammad Shakir</a>, vol. 1, pg. 126, <i>Maktabah al-Ma’arif</i>, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, first edition, 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dickinson-p5-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson-p5_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dickinson-p5_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_al-Ṣalāḥ2006" class="citation book cs1">Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kalamullah.com/Books/Ibn-as-Salaah-s-Introduction-to-the-Science-of-Hadeeth.pdf"><i>An Introduction to the Science of the Ḥadīth</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Translated by Eerik Dickinson. Reading: Garnet Publishing Limited. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85964-158-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85964-158-X"><bdi>1-85964-158-X</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200923100701/http://kalamullah.com/Books/Ibn-as-Salaah-s-Introduction-to-the-Science-of-Hadeeth.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-09-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Science+of+the+%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth&rft.place=Reading&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Garnet+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-85964-158-X&rft.au=Ibn+al-%E1%B9%A2al%C4%81%E1%B8%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kalamullah.com%2FBooks%2FIbn-as-Salaah-s-Introduction-to-the-Science-of-Hadeeth.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadith+terminology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_al-Salah" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ibn al-Salah. 'Aishah bint 'Abd al-Rahman (ed.). <i>Muqadimah Ibn al-Salah</i> (in Arabic). Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif. p. 150.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muqadimah+Ibn+al-Salah&rft.place=Cairo&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Dar+al-Ma%27arif&rft.au=Ibn+al-Salah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadith+terminology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Al-Tathkirah fi 'Ulum al-Hadith</i>, Dar 'Ammaar, Jordan, first edition, 1988.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.co.uk/?hl=en&tab=wT1#view=home&op=translate&sl=ar&tl=en&text=%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AD">"Google Translate"</a>. <i>translate.google.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602223233/https://translate.google.co.uk/?hl=en&tab=wT1#view=home&op=translate&sl=ar&tl=en&text=%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AD">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=translate.google.co.uk&rft.atitle=Google+Translate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftranslate.google.co.uk%2F%3Fhl%3Den%26tab%3DwT1%23view%3Dhome%26op%3Dtranslate%26sl%3Dar%26tl%3Den%26text%3D%25D8%25B5%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D8%25AD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadith+terminology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nuzhah al-Nuthr</i>, published with <i>Al-Nukat</i> by 'Ali ibn Hasan, pg. 82, <i>Dar ibn al-Jawzi</i>, al-Damam, 6th edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sunni-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sunni_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA130"><i>Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures</i></a>. Marshall Cavendish Reference. 2010. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7926-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7926-0"><bdi>978-0-7614-7926-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220708142718/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA130">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-30</span></span>. <q>Within the Muslim community, the percentage of Sunnis is generally thought to be between 85 and 93.5 percent, with the Shia accounting for 6.6 to 15 percent, although some sources estimate their numbers at 20 percent. A common compromise figure ranks Sunnis at 90 percent and Shias at 10 percent.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Beliefs%2C+Practices%2C+and+Cultures&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+Reference&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH_m14NlQQMYC%26pg%3DPA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadith+terminology" class="Z3988"></span> See further citations in the article <a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Islam by country</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muqaddimah-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Muqaddimah_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muqaddimah_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-Shahrazuri1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Salah" title="Ibn al-Salah">al-Shahrazuri, ʻUthman ibn ʻAbd al-Rahman Ibn al-Salah</a> (1990). ʻAishah bint ʻAbd al-Rahman (ed.). <i>al-Muqaddimah fi ʻUlum al-Hadith</i>. Cairo: Dar al-Ma’aarif. pp. 160–9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=al-Muqaddimah+fi+%CA%BBUlum+al-Hadith&rft.place=Cairo&rft.pages=160-9&rft.pub=Dar+al-Ma%E2%80%99aarif&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=al-Shahrazuri&rft.aufirst=%CA%BBUthman+ibn+%CA%BBAbd+al-Rahman+Ibn+al-Salah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadith+terminology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-al-Tadrib,_a/148-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-al-Tadrib,_a/148_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Tadrib,_a/148_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Tadrib,_a/148_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Tadrib al-Rawi</i>, vol. 1, pg. 148, <i>Dar al-'Asimah</i>, Riyadh, first edition, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-al-Risalah,_pg._214-5-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-al-Risalah,_pg._214-5_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-Kattānī2007" class="citation book cs1">al-Kattānī, Muḥammad ibn Jaʻfar (2007). <i><span></span></i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ar:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="s:ar:الرسالة المستطرفة">Al-Risālah al-Mustaṭrafah</a><i><span></span></i> (seventh ed.). Dār al-Bashāʼir al-Islamiyyah. p. 24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=12px+Al-Ris%C4%81lah+al-Musta%E1%B9%ADrafah.&rft.pages=24&rft.edition=seventh&rft.pub=D%C4%81r+al-Bash%C4%81%CA%BCir+al-Islamiyyah&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=al-Katt%C4%81n%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+Ja%CA%BBfar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadith+terminology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nuzhah al-Nuthr</i>, published as <i>Al-Nukat</i>, pg. 91–92, <i>Dar ibn al-Jawzi</i>, al-Damam, 6th edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Marifah 'Ulum al-Hadith</i>, by al-Hakim, pg. 17-8, <i>Da'irah al-Ma'arif al-'Uthmanaiyyah</i>, Hyderabad, India, second edition, 1977.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nuzhah al-Nuthr</i>, published with <i>Al-Nukat</i> by 'Ali ibn Hasan, pg. 83, <i>Dar ibn al-Jawzi</i>, al-Damam, 6th edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-al-Nuzhah,_pg._108.-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._108._18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Nuzhah,_pg._108._18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nuzhah al-Nuthr</i>, published with <i>Al-Nukat</i>, pg. 108, <i>Dar ibn al-Jawzi</i>, al-Damam, 6th edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-S.H._Links-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S.H._Links_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-S.H._Links_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-S.H._Links_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-S.H._Links_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuhaib_Hassan2002" class="citation web cs1">Suhaib Hassan (2002-09-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608233228/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/hadeeth/sh_ish/index.htm">"The Classification of <i>Hadith</i>; according to the links in the <i>isnād</i>"</a>. <i>Witness-pioneer.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/hadeeth/sh_ish/asb2.htm">the original</a> on 2011-06-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Witness-pioneer.org&rft.atitle=The+Classification+of+Hadith%3B+according+to+the+links+in+the+isn%C4%81d&rft.date=2002-09-16&rft.au=Suhaib+Hassan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.witness-pioneer.org%2Fvil%2Fhadeeth%2Fsh_ish%2Fasb2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadith+terminology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barr_in_S.H.-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barr_in_S.H._20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYusuf_ibn_'Abdullah_ibn_'Abdul_Barr1350" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Abd_al-Barr" title="Ibn 'Abd al-Barr">Yusuf ibn 'Abdullah ibn 'Abdul Barr</a> (1350). <a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikisource.org/wiki/التمهيد_لما_في_الموطأ_من_المعاني_والأسانيد/المجلد_الأول/صفحة_واحدة#باب_معرفة_المرسل_والمسند_والمنقطع_والمتصل_والموقوف_ومعنى_التدليس"><i>Al-Tamhîd limâ fîl-Muwatta' min al-Ma'ânî wal-Asânîd</i></a> (in Arabic). Vol. 1. Cairo. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201124125738/https://ar.wikisource.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%A3_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9#باب_معرفة_المرسل_والمسند_والمنقطع_والمتصل_والموقوف_ومعنى_التدليس">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Tamh%C3%AEd+lim%C3%A2+f%C3%AEl-Muwatta%27+min+al-Ma%27%C3%A2n%C3%AE+wal-As%C3%A2n%C3%AEd&rft.place=Cairo&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1350&rft.au=Yusuf+ibn+%27Abdullah+ibn+%27Abdul+Barr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Far.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%A3_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%2F%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%2F%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9%23%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D9%81_%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadith+terminology" class="Z3988"></span> Quoted (and translated) in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuhaib_Hassan2002" class="citation web cs1">Suhaib Hassan (2002-09-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608233228/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/hadeeth/sh_ish/index.htm">"The Classification of <i>Hadith</i>; according to the links in the <i>isnād</i>"</a>. <i>Witness-pioneer.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/hadeeth/sh_ish/asb2.htm">the original</a> on 2011-06-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Witness-pioneer.org&rft.atitle=The+Classification+of+Hadith%3B+according+to+the+links+in+the+isn%C4%81d&rft.date=2002-09-16&rft.au=Suhaib+Hassan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.witness-pioneer.org%2Fvil%2Fhadeeth%2Fsh_ish%2Fasb2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadith+terminology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nuzhah al-Nuthr</i>, published with <i>Al-Nukat</i> by 'Ali ibn Hasan, pg. 112, <i>Dar ibn al-Jawzi</i>, al-Damam, 6th edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-S.H._nature_of_text_-_isnad-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S.H._nature_of_text_-_isnad_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-S.H._nature_of_text_-_isnad_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/hadeeth/sh_ish/asb5.htm">"The Classification of <i>hadith</i> according to the nature of the text and <i>isnād</i>, by Suhaib Hassan"</a>. Witness-pioneer.org. 2002-09-16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100717003806/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/hadeeth/sh_ish/asb5.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-07-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-03-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Classification+of+hadith+according+to+the+nature+of+the+text+and+isn%C4%81d%2C+by+Suhaib+Hassan&rft.pub=Witness-pioneer.org&rft.date=2002-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.witness-pioneer.org%2Fvil%2Fhadeeth%2Fsh_ish%2Fasb5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadith+terminology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-S.H._Hidden_defect-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S.H._Hidden_defect_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-S.H._Hidden_defect_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/hadeeth/sh_ish/asb6.htm">"The Classification of <i>hadith</i> according to a hidden defect found in the <i>isnād</i> or text of a <i>hadith</i>, by Suhaib Hassan"</a>. Witness-pioneer.org. 2002-09-16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181008061403/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/hadeeth/sh_ish/asb6.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-10-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-03-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Classification+of+hadith+according+to+a+hidden+defect+found+in+the+isn%C4%81d+or+text+of+a+hadith%2C+by+Suhaib+Hassan&rft.pub=Witness-pioneer.org&rft.date=2002-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.witness-pioneer.org%2Fvil%2Fhadeeth%2Fsh_ish%2Fasb6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadith+terminology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuzaifa2014" class="citation web cs1">Huzaifa, Umme (19 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slideshare.net/ummelaibah/efforts-of-scholars-in-eliminating-doubts-upon-the-collection-of-fabricated-ahadith">"Efforts of Scholars in Eliminating Doubts upon the Collection of Fabricated Ahadith"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220708142718/https://www.slideshare.net/ummelaibah/efforts-of-scholars-in-eliminating-doubts-upon-the-collection-of-fabricated-ahadith">Archived</a> from the original on July 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Efforts+of+Scholars+in+Eliminating+Doubts+upon+the+Collection+of+Fabricated+Ahadith&rft.date=2014-01-19&rft.aulast=Huzaifa&rft.aufirst=Umme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fummelaibah%2Fefforts-of-scholars-in-eliminating-doubts-upon-the-collection-of-fabricated-ahadith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHadith+terminology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nuzhah Al-Nathr</i>, pp. 45–51, published with <i>al-Nukat</i> of Ali ibn Hasan, <i>Dar Ibn al-Jawzi</i>. I<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2018)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> referred to the explanation of Ali al-Qari, <i>Sharh Sharh Nukhbah al-Fikr</i>, in particular segments of pp. 143–147.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_the_Science_of_Hadith" title="Introduction to the Science of Hadith"><i>An Introduction to the Science of Hadith</i></a>, by Ibn al-Salah, translated by Eerik Dickinson; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85964-158-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85964-158-X">1-85964-158-X</a></li> <li><i>Studies in Hadith Methodology and Literature</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mustafa_Al-A%27zami" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami">Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/983-9154-27-3" title="Special:BookSources/983-9154-27-3">983-9154-27-3</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/17926706/The-Canonization-of-AlBukhari-and-Muslim-by-Jonathan-Brown">The Canonization of Al-Bukhari and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunni Hadith Canon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120102133328/http://www.scribd.com/doc/17926706/The-Canonization-of-AlBukhari-and-Muslim-by-Jonathan-Brown">Archived</a> 2012-01-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Jonathan Brown, <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">BRILL</a>, 2007</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih al-Bukhari</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Sahih Muslim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Tirmidhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahih al-Tirmidhi">Sahih al-Tirmidhi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Sunan_al-Sughra" title="Al-Sunan al-Sughra">Sunan an-Nasa'i al-Sughra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Abu_Dawood" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Abu Dawood">Sunan Abu Dawood</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunan_ibn_Majah" title="Sunan ibn Majah">Sunan ibn Majah</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Sahih</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Muwatta_Imam_Malik" title="Muwatta Imam Malik">Al-Muwatta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Khuzaymah" title="Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah">Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Hibban" title="Sahih Ibn Hibban">Sahih Ibn Hibbaan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustadrak_alaa_al-Sahihain" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mustadrak alaa al-Sahihain">Al-Mustadrak alaa al-Sahihain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musnad_Abu_Awaanah" class="mw-redirect" title="Musnad Abu Awaanah">Sahih Abi Awaanah</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Sunan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunan_al-Darimi" title="Sunan al-Darimi">Sunan al-Darimi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunan_al-Kubra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan al-Kubra">Sunan al-Kubra lil an-Nasa'i</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunan_al-Daraqutni" title="Sunan al-Daraqutni">Sunan al-Daraqutni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunan_al-Kubra_lil_Behaqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan al-Kubra lil Behaqi">Sunan al-Kubra lil Bayhaqi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Adab_al-Mufrad" title="Al-Adab al-Mufrad">Al-Adab al-Mufrad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shama%27il_Muhammadiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shama'il Muhammadiyah">Shama'il Muhammadiyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuab_ul_Iman" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuab ul Iman">Shuab ul Iman</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sahifah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahifah_Hammam_ibn_Munabbih" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahifah Hammam ibn Munabbih">Sahifah Hammam ibn Munabbih</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musannaf</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitaab-ul-Aathaar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitaab-ul-Aathaar">Kitaab-ul-Aathaar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musannaf_of_Abd_al-Razzaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Musannaf of Abd al-Razzaq">Musannaf Abd al-Razzaq</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musannaf_Ibn_Abi_Shaybah" title="Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah">Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musnad</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Musnad_Imam_ul_A%E2%80%99zam" class="mw-redirect" title="Musnad Imam ul A’zam">Musnad Imam ul A’zam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musnad_al-Tayalisi" title="Musnad al-Tayalisi">Musnad al-Tayalisi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musnad_al-Shafi%27i" title="Musnad al-Shafi'i">Musnad al-Shafi'i</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musnad_Ishaq_Ibn_Rahwayh" class="mw-redirect" title="Musnad Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh">Musnad Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musnad_Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musnad_Humaidi" title="Musnad Humaidi">Musnad Humaidi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tahdhib_al-Athar" title="Tahdhib al-Athar">Tahdhib al-Athar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musnad_al-Bazzar" title="Musnad al-Bazzar">Musnad al-Bazzar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ya%60la_al-Musali" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ya`la al-Musali">Musnad Abu Ya'la</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musnad_al-Siraj" title="Musnad al-Siraj">Musnad al-Siraj</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27jam_al-Kabir_(Al-Tabarani)" title="Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (Al-Tabarani)">Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27jam_al-Awsat" title="Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat">Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27jam_as-Saghir" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mu'jam as-Saghir">Al-Mu'jam as-Saghir</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secondary collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Masabih_al-Sunnah" title="Masabih al-Sunnah">Masabih al-Sunnah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musnad_al-Firdous" title="Musnad al-Firdous">Musnad al-Firdous</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mishkat_al-Masabih" title="Mishkat al-Masabih">Mishkat al-Masabih</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gardens_of_the_Righteous" class="mw-redirect" title="The Gardens of the Righteous">Riyad as-Salihin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Majma_al-Zawa%27id" title="Majma al-Zawa'id">Majma al-Zawa'id</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bulugh_al-Maram" title="Bulugh al-Maram">Bulugh al-Maram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanz_al-Ummal" title="Kanz al-Ummal">Kanz al-Ummal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/At-Targhib_wat-Tarhib" title="At-Targhib wat-Tarhib">At-Targhib wat-Tarhib</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Jami%27_as-Saghir" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Jami' as-Saghir">Al-Jami' as-Saghir</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Jami%27_as-Saghir#Al-Jami'_al-Kabir" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Jami' as-Saghir">Al-Jami' al-Kabir</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Jami_al-Kamil" title="Al-Jami al-Kamil">Al-Jami al-Kamil</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_hadith" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahih hadith">Sahih</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#The_musnad_format_of_hadith_collection">Musnad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maudu" class="mw-redirect" title="Maudu">Maudhu (fabricated)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musannaf" title="Musannaf">Musannaf</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fath_al-Bari" title="Fath al-Bari">Fath al-Bari</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Umdat_al-Qari" class="mw-redirect" title="Umdat al-Qari">Umdat al-Qari</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irshad_al-Sari" class="mw-redirect" title="Irshad al-Sari">Irshad al-Sari</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al_Minhaj_bi_Sharh_Sahih_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Minhaj bi Sharh Sahih Muslim">Al Minhaj bi Sharh Sahih Muslim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Nawawi%27s_Forty_Hadith" title="Al-Nawawi's Forty Hadith">Sharah Arbaeen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mishkat_al-Masabih#Explanations" title="Mishkat al-Masabih">Mirqat al Mafatih Sharh Mishkat al-masabih</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Terminology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hadith_studies" title="Hadith studies">study</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Interpretation_of_Conflicting_Narrations" title="The Interpretation of Conflicting Narrations">Tawil Mukhtalif al-Hadith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Great_Collection_of_Fabricated_Traditions" title="A Great Collection of Fabricated Traditions">Mawdu'at al-Kubra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_the_Science_of_Hadith" title="Introduction to the Science of Hadith">Muqaddimah ibn al-Salah fi 'Ulum al-Hadith</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biographical_evaluation#Collections_of_narrator_biographies" title="Biographical evaluation">Biographical evaluation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_History" title="The Great History">al-Tarikh al-Kabir</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Sa%27d#Kitāb_aṭ-ṭabaqāt_al-kabīr" title="Ibn Sa'd">Kitab at-Tabaqat al-Kabir</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mizan_al-Itidal" title="Mizan al-Itidal">Mizan al-Itidal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lisan_al-Mizan" title="Lisan al-Mizan">Lisan al-Mizan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Kamal_fi_Asma%27_al-Rijal" title="Al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal">Al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&oldid=1253050933#Ḥasan">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hadith_terminology&oldid=1253050933#Ḥasan</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hadith_studies" title="Category:Hadith studies">Hadith studies</a></li><li><a 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