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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%B0%8B%E7%A7%9F" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-個體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#個體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>個體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-個體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-總體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#總體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>總體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-總體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>延伸閱讀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">尋租</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。24种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9" title="السعي وراء الريع – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السعي وراء الريع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3" title="অনুপার্জিত আয় অন্বেষণ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অনুপার্জিত আয় অন্বেষণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dob%C3%BDv%C3%A1n%C3%AD_renty" title="Dobývání renty – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dobývání renty" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rent-seeking" title="Rent-seeking – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rent-seeking" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politische_Rente" title="Politische Rente – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Politische Rente" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rent-seeking" title="Rent-seeking – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rent-seeking" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BAsqueda_de_rentas" title="Búsqueda de rentas – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Búsqueda de rentas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C" title="رانت‌خواهی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رانت‌خواهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rent-seeking" title="Rent-seeking – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rent-seeking" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recherche_de_rente" title="Recherche de rente – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Recherche de rente" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1rad%C3%A9kvad%C3%A1szat" title="Járadékvadászat – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Járadékvadászat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%87%D5%AB%D6%81_%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Ռենտայի հետևից վազել – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռենտայի հետևից վազել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rent_seeking" title="Rent seeking – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rent seeking" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="レントシーキング – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レントシーキング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%8C%80%EC%B6%94%EA%B5%AC" title="지대추구 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지대추구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politieke_rente" title="Politieke rente – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Politieke rente" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilkarringsvirksomhet" title="Tilkarringsvirksomhet – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tilkarringsvirksomhet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogo%C5%84_za_rent%C4%85" title="Pogoń za rentą – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pogoń za rentą" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rent-seeking" title="Rent-seeking – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rent-seeking" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rent-seeking" title="Rent-seeking – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rent-seeking" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Рентоориентированное поведение – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рентоориентированное поведение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rdelss%C3%B6kande" title="Fördelssökande – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fördelssökande" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Рентоорієнтування – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рентоорієнтування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A5c_l%E1%BB%A3i_(kinh_t%E1%BA%BF_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Trục lợi (kinh tế học) – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trục lợi (kinh tế học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1428800#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="Category:资本主义">系列</a>条目</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="资本主义">资本主义</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">概念</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A" title="企业">企业</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E6%B0%A3%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="景氣循環">商业周期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA" title="商人">商人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC" title="资本">资本</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="资本积累" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Capital accumulation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%A7%AF%E7%B4%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="资本积累（页面不存在）">资本积累</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_accumulation" class="extiw" title="en:Capital accumulation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Capital accumulation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA" title="资本市场">资本市场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="公司">公司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%94" title="法人團體">法人團體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%9E%E4%BA%89_(%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6)" title="竞争 (经济学)">市场竞争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%B9%B2%E9%A0%90%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="經濟干預主義">經濟干預主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="經濟自由主義">經濟自由主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98" title="經濟剩餘">經濟剩餘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E6%A5%AD" title="創業">創業</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="虚拟资本" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fictitious capital"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虚拟资本（页面不存在）">虚拟资本</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fictitious_capital" class="extiw" title="en:Fictitious capital"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fictitious capital</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA" title="金融市场">金融市场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%83%B9%E6%A0%BC%E6%A9%9F%E5%88%B6" title="自由價格機制">自由價格機制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" title="自由市場">自由市場</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="货物与服务" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Goods and services"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%A7%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%8E%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="货物与服务（页面不存在）">货物与服务</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goods_and_services" class="extiw" title="en:Goods and services"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Goods and services</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87%E8%80%85" title="投資者">投資者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%8B%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%89%8B" title="看不見的手">看不見的手</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%8C%96" title="自由化">自由化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%99%85%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="边际主义">边际主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="貨幣">貨幣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E6%9C%89%E5%88%B6" title="私有制">私有制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E6%9C%89%E5%8C%96" title="私有化">私有化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%B6%A6_(%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6)" class="mw-redirect" title="利润 (经济学)">利润</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">尋租</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E8%88%87%E4%BE%9B%E7%B5%A6" title="需求與供給">需求與供給</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%A9%E4%BD%99%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC" title="剩余价值">剩余价值</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC" title="价值">价值</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B1%E5%82%AD%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95" title="僱傭勞動">僱傭勞動</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">经济体系</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="盎格鲁-撒克逊模式">盎格鲁-撒克逊模式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%9D%83%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="威权资本主义">威权资本主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="法人資本主義">法人資本主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="统制经济">统制经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" title="自由市場">自由市場</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人本资本主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Humanistic capitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%AC%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人本资本主义（页面不存在）">人本资本主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_capitalism" class="extiw" title="en:Humanistic capitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Humanistic capitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%94%BE%E4%BB%BB" title="自由放任">自由放任</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="經濟自由主義">經濟自由主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E6%B4%BE%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="右派自由意志主義">右派自由意志主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="资本主义">市场资本主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%95%86%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="重商主义">重商主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="混合经济">混合经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="国家垄断资本主义">国家垄断资本主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="民族资本主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National capitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民族资本主义（页面不存在）">民族资本主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_capitalism" class="extiw" title="en:National capitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National capitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="新自由主義">新自由主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A7%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="北欧模式">北欧模式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="無政府資本主義">無政府資本主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%94%BE%E4%BB%BB" title="自由放任">自由放任</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="受规制的市场" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Regulated market"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%97%E8%A7%84%E5%88%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="受规制的市场（页面不存在）">受规制的市场</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulated_market" class="extiw" title="en:Regulated market"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Regulated market</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="管制型资本主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Regulatory capitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B6%E5%9E%8B%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="管制型资本主义（页面不存在）">管制型资本主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_capitalism" class="extiw" title="en:Regulatory capitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Regulatory capitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="社会市场经济">社会市场经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="国家资本主义">国家资本主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国家控制的资本主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="State-sponsored capitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E7%9A%84%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国家控制的资本主义（页面不存在）">国家控制的资本主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-sponsored_capitalism" class="extiw" title="en:State-sponsored capitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">State-sponsored capitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%88%A9%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="福利資本主義">福利資本主義</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">经济理论</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="美国学派">美国学派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="奧地利學派">奧地利學派</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="紙鈔學派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chartalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%99%E9%88%94%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紙鈔學派（页面不存在）">紙鈔學派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartalism" class="extiw" title="en:Chartalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chartalism</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="现代货币理论">现代货币理论</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="芝加哥經濟學派">芝加哥經濟學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="古典经济学">古典经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="制度经济学">制度经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="凯恩斯主义经济学">凯恩斯主义经济学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="新古典綜合學派">新古典綜合學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%85%B4%E5%87%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="新兴凯恩斯学派">新兴凯恩斯学派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%87%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="后凯恩斯学派">后凯恩斯学派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="马克思主义政治经济学">马克思主义政治经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="货币主义">货币主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="新古典經濟學派">新古典經濟學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="新制度經濟學">新制度經濟學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9B%E7%B5%A6%E9%9D%A2%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="供給面學派">供給面學派</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">起源</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E8%92%99%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="啟蒙時代">啟蒙時代</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="资本主义与伊斯兰教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Capitalism and Islam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%B8%8E%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="资本主义与伊斯兰教（页面不存在）">资本主义与伊斯兰教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism_and_Islam" class="extiw" title="en:Capitalism and Islam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Capitalism and Islam</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="商业革命">商业革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6_(%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2)" title="封建制度 (歐洲)">封建制度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="第一次工业革命">工业革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%95%86%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="重商主义">重商主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%A7%AF%E7%B4%AF" title="资本原始积累">资本原始积累</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="重农主义">重农主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="简单商品生产" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Simple commodity production"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="简单商品生产（页面不存在）">简单商品生产</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_commodity_production" class="extiw" title="en:Simple commodity production"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Simple commodity production</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">发展</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="当代资本主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Advanced capitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="当代资本主义（页面不存在）">当代资本主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_capitalism" class="extiw" title="en:Advanced capitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Advanced capitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="消费资本主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Consumer capitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="消费资本主义（页面不存在）">消费资本主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_capitalism" class="extiw" title="en:Consumer capitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Consumer capitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社区资本主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Community capitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E5%8C%BA%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社区资本主义（页面不存在）">社区资本主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_capitalism" class="extiw" title="en:Community capitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Community capitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="法人資本主義">法人資本主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%99%E5%B8%B6%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="裙帶資本主義">裙帶資本主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="金融資本主義">金融資本主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89#全球化" title="资本主义">全球资本主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%9D%83%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="威权资本主义">威权资本主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="晚期资本主义">晚期资本主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" title="資本主義生產方式">資本主義生產方式</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="商人资本主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Merchant capitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="商人资本主义（页面不存在）">商人资本主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant_capitalism" class="extiw" title="en:Merchant capitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Merchant capitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="进步资本主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Progressive capitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%9B%E6%AD%A5%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="进步资本主义（页面不存在）">进步资本主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_capitalism" class="extiw" title="en:Progressive capitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Progressive capitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="食利资本主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rentier capitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E5%88%A9%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食利资本主义（页面不存在）">食利资本主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rentier_capitalism" class="extiw" title="en:Rentier capitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rentier capitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="国家垄断资本主义">国家垄断资本主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科技资本主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Technocapitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科技资本主义（页面不存在）">科技资本主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocapitalism" class="extiw" title="en:Technocapitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Technocapitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">相关人物</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%AF%86" title="亚当·斯密">亚当·斯密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BE%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%AF%86%E5%B0%94" title="约翰·斯图尔特·密尔">约翰·斯图尔特·密尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%98%89%E5%9B%BE" title="大卫·李嘉图">大卫·李嘉图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="托马斯·罗伯特·马尔萨斯">托马斯·罗伯特·马尔萨斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%93-%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B3%BD%E4%BC%8A" title="讓-巴蒂斯特·賽伊">讓-巴蒂斯特·賽伊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D" title="卡尔·马克思">卡尔·马克思</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E5%88%A9%E6%B0%91" title="米爾頓·佛利民">米爾頓·佛利民</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E8%80%B6%E5%85%8B" title="弗里德里希·哈耶克">弗里德里希·哈耶克</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF" title="罗纳德·科斯">罗纳德·科斯</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">相关主题</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="反資本主義">反資本主義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Capitalist state" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Capitalist state"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitalist_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitalist state（页面不存在）">资本主义国家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist_state" class="extiw" title="en:Capitalist 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data-foreign-title="Cronyism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A3%99%E5%B8%A6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="裙带主义（页面不存在）">裙带主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronyism" class="extiw" title="en:Cronyism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cronyism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="资本主义的文化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Culture of capitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="资本主义的文化（页面不存在）">资本主义的文化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_capitalism" class="extiw" title="en:Culture of capitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Culture of capitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="常青专利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evergreening"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%B8%E9%9D%92%E4%B8%93%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="常青专利（页面不存在）">常青专利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreening" class="extiw" title="en:Evergreening"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evergreening</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%A5%E5%89%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="剥削">剥削</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="全球化">全球化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="资本主义的历史">资本主义的历史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="资本主义理论的历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of capitalist theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="资本主义理论的历史（页面不存在）">资本主义理论的历史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_capitalist_theory" class="extiw" title="en:History of capitalist theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of capitalist theory</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="市场经济">市场经济</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="资本主义的各个阶段" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Periodizations of capitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E5%90%84%E4%B8%AA%E9%98%B6%E6%AE%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="资本主义的各个阶段（页面不存在）">资本主义的各个阶段</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodizations_of_capitalism" class="extiw" title="en:Periodizations of capitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Periodizations of capitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="对资本主义的看法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Perspectives on capitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B9%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%8B%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="对资本主义的看法（页面不存在）">对资本主义的看法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspectives_on_capitalism" class="extiw" title="en:Perspectives on capitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Perspectives on capitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="后资本主义">后资本主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E6%9C%BA" title="投机">投机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8F%91%E7%A7%A9%E5%BA%8F" title="自发秩序">自发秩序</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公益创投" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Venture philanthropy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E7%9B%8A%E5%88%9B%E6%8A%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公益创投（页面不存在）">公益创投</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venture_philanthropy" class="extiw" title="en:Venture philanthropy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Venture philanthropy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="工资奴役" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wage slavery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E8%B5%84%E5%A5%B4%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工资奴役（页面不存在）">工资奴役</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wage_slavery" class="extiw" title="en:Wage slavery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wage slavery</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">相关意识形态</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="無政府資本主義">無政府資本主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="民主资本主义">民主资本主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="生態資本主義">生態資本主義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人本资本主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Humanistic capitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%AC%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人本资本主义（页面不存在）">人本资本主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_capitalism" class="extiw" title="en:Humanistic capitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Humanistic capitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="包容性资本主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Inclusive capitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%85%E5%AE%B9%E6%80%A7%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="包容性资本主义（页面不存在）">包容性资本主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusive_capitalism" class="extiw" title="en:Inclusive capitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Inclusive capitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="經濟自由主義">經濟自由主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="自由主义">自由主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E6%B4%BE%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="右派自由意志主義">自由意志资本主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新资本主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neo-capitalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新资本主义（页面不存在）">新资本主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-capitalism" class="extiw" title="en:Neo-capitalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neo-capitalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="新自由主義">新自由主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%A7%80%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="客觀主義">客觀主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A9%E5%BA%8F%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="秩序自由主义">秩序自由主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E6%B4%BE%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="右派自由意志主義">右派自由意志主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%9D%A1%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF" title="第三条道路">第三条道路</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/16px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/24px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/32px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:经济学">经济学主题</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Socrates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/10px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/15px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/21px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:哲学">哲学主题</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Portal:政治">政治主题</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitalism_sidebar" title="Template:Capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Capitalism_sidebar" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TNR-IND_LV_Rent_Act.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/TNR-IND_LV_Rent_Act.JPG/220px-TNR-IND_LV_Rent_Act.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/TNR-IND_LV_Rent_Act.JPG/330px-TNR-IND_LV_Rent_Act.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/TNR-IND_LV_Rent_Act.JPG/440px-TNR-IND_LV_Rent_Act.JPG 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="673" /></a><figcaption>尋租造成的土地加值後果</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man_of_the_Mine-_Life_at_the_Coal_Face,_Britain,_1942_D8258.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Man_of_the_Mine-_Life_at_the_Coal_Face%2C_Britain%2C_1942_D8258.jpg/220px-Man_of_the_Mine-_Life_at_the_Coal_Face%2C_Britain%2C_1942_D8258.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Man_of_the_Mine-_Life_at_the_Coal_Face%2C_Britain%2C_1942_D8258.jpg/330px-Man_of_the_Mine-_Life_at_the_Coal_Face%2C_Britain%2C_1942_D8258.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Man_of_the_Mine-_Life_at_the_Coal_Face%2C_Britain%2C_1942_D8258.jpg/440px-Man_of_the_Mine-_Life_at_the_Coal_Face%2C_Britain%2C_1942_D8258.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>租地耕作的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%83%E8%BE%B2" title="佃農">佃農</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>尋租</b>活動（英語：<span lang="en">rent-seeking</span>），又称为<b>競租</b>，是指在沒有從事<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="生產">生產</a>的情況下，为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%9F%E6%96%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="壟斷">壟斷</a>社會資源、或维持<a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="垄断">垄断</a>地位，从而得到<a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="垄断">垄断</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%B6%A6_(%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6)" class="mw-redirect" title="利润 (经济学)">利润</a>（亦即<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E7%A7%9F" title="經濟租">經濟租</a>）所从事的一种「非生产性的寻利活动」。整个寻租活动的全部经济损失要远远超过传统垄断理论中的“纯损”三角形。至於企業或個人在尋租過程中所爭取的市場，則稱為「尋租市場」。尋租市場愈大，表示一個經濟環境中能被不公正壟斷的事物越多，而整體的經濟效益也會因而越低。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>尋租是通過操縱社會或政治環境來增加現有財富而不創造新財富的行為。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 尋租活動對社會的其他部分有負面影響。它們通過<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="资源分配">資源分配</a>不當、財富創造減少、政府收入損失、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E5%AF%8C%E5%B7%AE%E8%B7%9D" title="貧富差距">收入不平等</a>加劇<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、政治<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%84%E8%B3%82" title="賄賂">賄賂</a>增加的風險以及潛在的國家衰落而導致<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87" title="经济效率">經濟效率</a>下降。 </p><p>試圖抓住監管機構以獲得<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E8%BF%AB%E6%80%A7%E5%A3%9F%E6%96%B7" title="強迫性壟斷">強制性壟斷</a>（參看<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A3%E7%AE%A1%E4%BF%98%E8%99%9C" title="監管俘虜">監管俘虜</a>）可能會給市場上的尋租者帶來優勢，同時給他們不<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%85%90%E6%95%97" title="政治腐敗">腐敗</a>的競爭對手帶來劣勢。這是尋租行為的許多可能形式之一。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="寻租活动的经济损失"><span id=".E5.AF.BB.E7.A7.9F.E6.B4.BB.E5.8A.A8.E7.9A.84.E7.BB.8F.E6.B5.8E.E6.8D.9F.E5.A4.B1"></span>寻租活动的经济损失</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8B%E7%A7%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：寻租活动的经济损失"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="個體"><span id=".E5.80.8B.E9.AB.94"></span>個體</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8B%E7%A7%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：個體"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>就单个寻租者而言，其寻租代价不会超过垄断地位可能给他带来的好处（即垄断利润或垄断租金bcP*Pm），否则就不值得了。但在很多情况下，由于争夺垄断地位的竞争非常激烈，寻租代价常常要接近甚至等于全部的垄断利润。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="總體"><span id=".E7.B8.BD.E9.AB.94"></span>總體</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8B%E7%A7%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：總體"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>进一步考虑整个寻租市场，问题將更为严重。整个寻租活动的全部经济损失等于所有单个寻租者獲得的利益总和，而且損失的总和还将随着寻租市场竞争程度的不断加强而增大。 </p><p>寻租理论思想的最早渊源，是被称为“寻租理论之父”的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="经济学家">经济学家</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E7%99%BB%C2%B7%E5%9C%96%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B" title="戈登·圖洛克">戈登·图洛克</a>在1967年所写的论文《关于税、垄断和偷窃的福利成本》。他的观点是，完全竞争理论对偏离竞争所导致的社会福利估计不足，实际上税收、关税和垄断所造成的社会福利损失大大超过了通常的估算。其原因是人们会竞相通过各种疏通活动，争取收入，即寻租；而在竞相寻租的条件下，每个人都认为花费与其所期望的收益相近的费用是值得的。<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7M%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%9D%8E%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="詹姆斯·M·布坎南">詹姆斯·M·布坎南</a>的寻租理论，主要探讨寻租产生的条件、寻租的三个层次、政治分配与寻租等内容。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8B%E7%A7%9F&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">IMF. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2001/wp0115.pdf">Rent-seeking and Endogenous Income Inequality</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161025111351/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2001/wp0115.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2016-10-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B0%8B%E7%A7%9F&rft.au=IMF&rft.btitle=Rent-seeking+and+Endogenous+Income+Inequality&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fwp%2F2001%2Fwp0115.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Oed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Oed（页面不存在）">Template:Oed</a> - "<b>rent-seeking</b> n. <i>Economics</i>[:] the fact or process of seeking to gain larger profits by manipulating public policy or economic conditions, esp. by means of securing beneficial subsidies or tariffs, making a product artificially scarce, etc. [...]"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">IMF. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2001/wp0115.pdf">Rent-seeking and Endogenous Income Inequality</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161025111351/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2001/wp0115.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2016-10-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B0%8B%E7%A7%9F&rft.au=IMF&rft.btitle=Rent-seeking+and+Endogenous+Income+Inequality&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fwp%2F2001%2Fwp0115.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>延伸閱讀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8B%E7%A7%9F&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：延伸閱讀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Chowdhury, Faizul Latif. Corrupt Bureaucracy and Privatization of Tax Enforcement A Rent Seeking Bureaucracy. Pathak Shamabesh, Dhaka. 2006: 25–34. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-984-8120-62-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-984-8120-62-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-984-8120-62-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B0%8B%E7%A7%9F&rft.aufirst=Faizul+Latif&rft.aulast=Chowdhury&rft.btitle=Corrupt+Bureaucracy+and+Privatization+of+Tax+Enforcement&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=A+Rent+Seeking+Bureaucracy&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-984-8120-62-0&rft.pages=25-34&rft.pub=Pathak+Shamabesh%2C+Dhaka&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Ikeda, Sanford. 存档副本. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hamowy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald Hamowy（页面不存在）">Hamowy, Ronald</a> (编). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cato_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cato Institute（页面不存在）">Cato Institute</a>: 422–23. 2008. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1412965804" title="Special:网络书源/978-1412965804"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1412965804</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/2008009151"><span title="美国国会图书馆控制码">LCCN 2008009151</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/750831024"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 750831024</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412965811.n259"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n259</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200930100756/https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC%2F">存档</a>于2020-09-30） <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|archiveurl=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#archive_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B0%8B%E7%A7%9F&rft.atitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.aufirst=Sanford&rft.aulast=Ikeda&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Libertarianism&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-1412965804&rft.pages=422-23&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft.pub=SAGE%3B+Cato+Institute&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781412965811.n259&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2008009151&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F750831024&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|chapter=</code>被忽略 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#chapter_ignored" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Krueger, Anne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_american-economic-review_1974-06_64_3/page/291">The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society</a>. American Economic Review. 1974, <b>64</b> (3): 291–303. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1808883"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR 1808883</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B0%8B%E7%A7%9F&rft.atitle=The+Political+Economy+of+the+Rent-Seeking+Society&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.aulast=Krueger&rft.date=1974&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=American+Economic+Review&rft.pages=291-303&rft.volume=64&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1808883&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_american-economic-review_1974-06_64_3%2Fpage%2F291&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Tullock, Gordon. Rent seeking. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Palgrave:_A_Dictionary_of_Economics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics（页面不存在）">The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics</a> <b>4</b>. Palgrave Macmillan. 1987. 147–49. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-333-37235-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-333-37235-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-333-37235-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B0%8B%E7%A7%9F&rft.atitle=Rent+seeking&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.aulast=Tullock&rft.btitle=The+New+Palgrave%3A+A+Dictionary+of+Economics&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-333-37235-7&rft.pages=147-49&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Tullock, Gordon. The Rent-Seeking Society: The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock, Vol. 5. 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B0%8B%E7%A7%9F&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.aulast=Tullock&rft.btitle=The+Rent-Seeking+Society%3A+The+Selected+Works+of+Gordon+Tullock%2C+Vol.+5&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8B%E7%A7%9F&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E7%A7%9F" title="經濟租">經濟租</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8B%E7%A7%9F&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/economics-a-to-z/r#node-21529810">Rent-Seeking</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190523115120/http://www.economist.com/economics-a-to-z/r#node-21529810">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, The Economist</li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_R._Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David R. Henderson（页面不存在）">Henderson, David R.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/RentSeeking.html">Rent Seeking</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Concise_Encyclopedia_of_Economics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concise Encyclopedia of Economics（页面不存在）">Concise Encyclopedia of Economics</a> 2nd. Indianapolis: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Economics_and_Liberty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Library of Economics and Liberty（页面不存在）">Library of Economics and Liberty</a>. 2008 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-19</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0865976658" title="Special:网络书源/978-0865976658"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0865976658</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/237794267"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 237794267</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303042815/https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/RentSeeking.html">存档</a>于2021-03-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B0%8B%E7%A7%9F&rft.atitle=Rent+Seeking&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.btitle=Concise+Encyclopedia+of+Economics&rft.date=2008&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0865976658&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pub=Library+of+Economics+and+Liberty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.econlib.org%2Flibrary%2FEnc%2FRentSeeking.html&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F237794267&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223122154/http://core.ac.uk/download/files/103/2792081.pdf"><i>Rent-Seeking as Process</i></a> by Mushtaq Khan</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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