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classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regulatory_classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regulatory classification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regulatory_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-California" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#California"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>California</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-California-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Emissions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Predecessors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predecessors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Predecessors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predecessors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_generation_(1915–1930)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_generation_(1915–1930)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>First generation (1915–1930)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_generation_(1915–1930)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_generation_(1936–1968)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_generation_(1936–1968)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Second generation (1936–1968)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_generation_(1936–1968)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_postwar_Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_postwar_Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Early postwar Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_postwar_Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_generation_(1946–1964)_and_beyond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_generation_(1946–1964)_and_beyond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Third generation (1946–1964) and beyond</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_generation_(1946–1964)_and_beyond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Italy_-_Vespa_and_Lambretta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy_-_Vespa_and_Lambretta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Italy - Vespa and Lambretta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy_-_Vespa_and_Lambretta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Bloc" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Bloc"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.4</span> <span>Eastern Bloc</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Bloc-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.5</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.6</span> <span>East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Developments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Developments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Developments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Three-wheeled_scooter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Three-wheeled_scooter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Three-wheeled scooter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Three-wheeled_scooter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maxi-scooter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maxi-scooter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Maxi-scooter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maxi-scooter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enclosed_scooter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enclosed_scooter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Enclosed scooter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enclosed_scooter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Four-stroke_engines_and_fuel-injection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Four-stroke_engines_and_fuel-injection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Four-stroke engines and fuel-injection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Four-stroke_engines_and_fuel-injection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electric_scooter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electric_scooter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Electric scooter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electric_scooter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Underbone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Underbone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Underbone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Underbone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popularity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Popularity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popularity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Popularity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Scooter (motorcycle)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="سكوتر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سكوتر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter_(moto)" title="Scooter (moto) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Scooter (moto)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su-k%C3%B9-tah" title="Su-kù-tah – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Su-kù-tah" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esc%C3%BAter" title="Escúter – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Escúter" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%BAtr" title="Skútr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Skútr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter" title="Scooter – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Scooter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorroller" title="Motorroller – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Motorroller" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motoroller" title="Motoroller – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Motoroller" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motoneta" title="Motoneta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Motoneta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotero" title="Skotero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Skotero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter_(motozikleta)" title="Scooter (motozikleta) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Scooter (motozikleta)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1_(%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1)" title="اسکوتر (موتور) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسکوتر (موتور)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter" title="Scooter – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Scooter" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%BF%A0%ED%84%B0" title="스쿠터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스쿠터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մոտոռոլլեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոտոռոլլեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="स्कूटर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्कूटर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skuter" title="Skuter – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Skuter" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skuter" title="Skuter – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Skuter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter_(veicolo)" title="Scooter (veicolo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scooter (veicolo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2" title="קטנוע – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קטנוע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="سکوٹر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سکوٹر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мотороллер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мотороллер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мотороллер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мотороллер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birotula_automataria" title="Birotula automataria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Birotula automataria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilette" title="Mobilette – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mobilette" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter" title="Scooter – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Scooter" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robog%C3%B3" title="Robogó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Robogó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Скутер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Скутер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC" title="സ്കൂട്ടർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്കൂട്ടർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="स्कूटर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्कूटर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skuter" title="Skuter – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Skuter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter_(vervoermiddel)" title="Scooter (vervoermiddel) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Scooter (vervoermiddel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="スクーター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スクーター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter" title="Scooter – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Scooter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skuter" title="Skuter – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skuter" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motoneta" title="Motoneta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Motoneta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мотороллер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мотороллер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter" title="Scooter – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Scooter" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%BAter" title="Skúter – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Skúter" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skuter_(motocikel)" title="Skuter (motocikel) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Skuter (motocikel)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skuter" title="Skuter – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Skuter" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skootteri" title="Skootteri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Skootteri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skoter" title="Skoter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skoter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="குதியுந்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குதியுந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C)" title="สกู๊ตเตอร์ (จักรยานยนต์) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สกู๊ตเตอร์ (จักรยานยนต์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter" title="Scooter – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Scooter" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Скутер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Скутер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1_(%D9%85%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84)" title="اسکوٹر (موٹرسیکل) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسکوٹر (موٹرسیکل)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xe_tay_ga" title="Xe tay ga – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xe tay ga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%BF%E7%BE%8A%E4%BB%94" title="綿羊仔 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="綿羊仔" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E5%85%8B%E9%81%94" title="速克達 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="速克達" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Motor_scooter&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor scooter">Motor scooter</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Class of motorcycle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For similar terms, see <a href="/wiki/Scooter_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Scooter (disambiguation)">Scooter (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Motor scooter" redirects here. For powered kick scooters, see <a href="/wiki/Motorized_scooter" title="Motorized scooter">Motorized scooter</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Scooter_(motorcycle)" title="Special:EditPage/Scooter (motorcycle)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Scooter%22+motorcycle">"Scooter" motorcycle</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Scooter%22+motorcycle+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Scooter%22+motorcycle&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Scooter%22+motorcycle+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Scooter%22+motorcycle">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Scooter%22+motorcycle&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manwithvespa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Manwithvespa.jpg/250px-Manwithvespa.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Manwithvespa.jpg/375px-Manwithvespa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Manwithvespa.jpg/500px-Manwithvespa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1229" data-file-height="1458" /></a><figcaption>A man with a <a href="/wiki/Vespa" title="Vespa">Vespa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TVS_Scooty_Streak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/TVS_Scooty_Streak.jpg/220px-TVS_Scooty_Streak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/TVS_Scooty_Streak.jpg/330px-TVS_Scooty_Streak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/TVS_Scooty_Streak.jpg/440px-TVS_Scooty_Streak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4893" data-file-height="3140" /></a><figcaption>The term <i>scooty</i> has become the generic term for scooter in India<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>scooter</b> (<b>motor scooter</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycle</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Underbone" title="Underbone">underbone</a> or <a href="/wiki/Step-through_frame" title="Step-through frame">step-through frame</a>, a seat, a transmission that shifts without the operator having to operate a clutch lever, a platform for their feet, and with a method of operation that emphasizes comfort and <a href="/wiki/Fuel_economy_in_automobiles" title="Fuel economy in automobiles">fuel economy</a>. Elements of scooter design were present in some of the earliest motorcycles, and motor scooters have been made since at least 1914. More recently, scooters have evolved to include scooters exceeding 250cc classified as Maxi-scooters. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autoped_1919_Ever_Ready_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Autoped_1919_Ever_Ready_1.jpg/220px-Autoped_1919_Ever_Ready_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Autoped_1919_Ever_Ready_1.jpg/330px-Autoped_1919_Ever_Ready_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Autoped_1919_Ever_Ready_1.jpg/440px-Autoped_1919_Ever_Ready_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>1919 Autoped Scooter</figcaption></figure> <p>The global popularity of motor scooters dates from the post-World War II introductions of the <a href="/wiki/Vespa" title="Vespa">Vespa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lambretta" title="Lambretta">Lambretta</a> models in Italy. These scooters were intended to provide economical personal transportation (<a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">engines</a> from 50 to 150 cc or 3.1 to 9.2 cu in). The original layout is still widely used in this application. <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Maxi-scooter">Maxi-scooters</a>, with larger engines from 200 to 850 cc (12 to 52 cu in) have been developed for Western markets. </p><p>Scooters are popular for personal transportation partly due to being more affordable, easier to operate, and more convenient to park and store than a car. Licensing requirements for scooters are easier and cheaper than for cars in most parts of the world, and insurance is usually cheaper. The term motor scooter is sometimes used to avoid confusion with <a href="/wiki/Kick_scooter" title="Kick scooter">kick scooter</a>, but can then be confused with <a href="/wiki/Motorized_scooter" title="Motorized scooter">motorized scooter</a> or e-scooter, a kick-scooter with an electric motor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary defines a motor scooter as a motorcycle similar to a <a href="/wiki/Kick_scooter" title="Kick scooter">kick scooter</a> with a seat, a floorboard, and small or low wheels.<sup id="cite_ref-ScooterDefinition_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScooterDefinition-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">US Department of Transportation</a> defines a scooter as a motorcycle that has a platform for the operator's feet or has integrated footrests and has a step-through architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The classic scooter design features a step-through frame and a flat floorboard for the rider's feet.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This design is possible because most scooter engines and drive systems are attached to the rear axle or under the seat. Unlike a conventional motorcycle, in which the engine is mounted on the frame, most modern scooters allow the engine to swing with the rear wheel, while most vintage scooters and some newer <a href="/wiki/Retro" class="mw-redirect" title="Retro">retro</a> models have an axle-mounted engine. Modern scooters starting from the late-1980s generally use a <a href="/wiki/Continuously_variable_transmission" title="Continuously variable transmission">continuously variable transmission</a> (CVT), while older ones use a manual transmission with the <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_transmission" title="Semi-automatic transmission">gearshift and clutch control built into the left handlebar</a>. </p><p>Scooters usually feature bodywork, including a front leg shield and body that conceals all or most of the mechanicals. There is often some integral storage space, either under the seat, built into the front leg shield, or both. Scooters have varying engine displacements and configurations ranging from 50 cc (3.1 cu in) single-cylinder to 850 cc (52 cu in) twin-cylinder models. </p><p>Traditionally, scooter wheels are smaller than conventional motorcycle wheels and are made of pressed steel or cast aluminum alloy, bolt on easily, and often are interchangeable between front and rear. Some scooters carry a <a href="/wiki/Spare_wheel" class="mw-redirect" title="Spare wheel">spare wheel</a>. Many recent scooters use conventional <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_fork" title="Motorcycle fork">front forks</a> with the front axle fastened at both ends. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulatory_classification">Regulatory classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Regulatory classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some jurisdictions do not differentiate between scooters and motorcycles. Though some jurisdictions classify smaller engine scooters (typically 50 cc or 3.1 cu in maximum) as moped class vehicles rather than motorcycles, meaning these scooters often have less stringent regulations (for example, 50 cc scooters can be driven with a normal car drivers license - or by adults aged 18+ years without any license (other than a valid liability insurance) at all as in case of at least Denmark - in many jurisdictions, and might pay less road-tax and be subject to less stringent roadworthiness testing). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For all legal purposes in the United States of America, the <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administration" title="National Highway Traffic Safety Administration">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</a> (NHTSA) recommends using the term motorcycle for all of these vehicles. However, while NHTSA excludes the term <i>motor scooter</i> from legal definition, it proceeds, in the same document, to give detailed instructions on how to import a small motor scooter.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="California">California</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: California"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the US state of California has a regulatory system for 2- and 3-wheeled vehicles. It classifies vehicles with fewer than four wheels into the following categories:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Motorcycle: a motorcycle is any 2- or 3-wheeled gas operated vehicle weighing under 1,500 lbs. with an engine displacement greater than or equal to 150ccs. Operation requires an M1 class license, and such vehicles must be registered with the state and carry mandatory insurance as well as bear a motorcycle license plate. Motorcycles may travel on any public roadway, including freeways, and may carry a single passenger in addition to the driver. Helmets are mandatory.</li> <li>Motor-driven cycle: a motor-driven cycle is 2-wheeled gas operated vehicle with an engine displacement of 149ccs or less that does not qualify as a moped (see below) and is capable of traveling greater than 30 mph. It has the same licensing, registration, insurance, license plating, and helmet requirements as a motorcycle, though it may not travel on freeways. Such vehicles are commonly referred to as "scooters".</li> <li>Moped: a moped (or "motorized bicycle") is a 2- or 3-wheeled device with an automatic transmission capable of traveling no more than 30 mph, with either a gas engine displacement of less than 50ccs (i.e., 49ccs or less) <i>with</i> built-in pedals like a bicycle for human operation, OR, if powered only by electricity, it must not produce more than four gross <a href="/wiki/Brake_horsepower" class="mw-redirect" title="Brake horsepower">brake horsepower</a> (bicycle pedals are optional for electric mopeds). There are no registration or insurance requirements for the device, but the operator themself must have an M1 or M2 class license and must personally carry the minimum state automobile insurance and the moped itself must bear a special moped license plate. A single passenger is permitted if the vehicle is fitted with a specific seat and footrests for same.</li> <li>Motorized tricycle/quadricycle: a motorized tricycle or quadricycle is a 3- or 4-wheeled vehicle propelled by a gas motor not capable of traveling greater than 30 mph and with a gross brake horsepower of 2 or less.</li> <li>Motorized scooter: a motorized scooter is a 2-wheeled vehicle not capable of traveling greater than 15 mph with a floorboard designed to be stood upon while operating. They do not require a license plate or insurance, and may not be driven on a roadway with a posted speed limit greater than 25 mph. A valid class C driver license is required, as is a bicycle helmet. Passengers are prohibited. They may be operated on a bikepath or bikeway but not on a sidewalk. If a given roadway has a bicycle lane, the motorized scooter must travel within it, and can only make a left-hand turn by dismounting and crossing an intersection as a pedestrian.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">Electric bicycle</a>: California recognizes three classes of electric bicycles. A class 1 electric bicycle is a bicycle with pedals whose electric motor only assists the rider when using the pedals and stops assisting when the bicycle reaches 20 mph; a class 2 electric bicycle is a bicycle with pedals whose motor can drive the bicycle entirely on its own, but will not assist the rider above 20 mph; a class 3 electric bicycle is identical to a class 1 electric bicycle, but is capable of traveling up 28 mph before the engine stops assisting the rider AND is equipped with a speedometer. No electric bicycle requires insurance, a license, or any form of registration or license plate as it is not considered a "motor vehicle" by the state.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emissions">Emissions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Emissions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fuel_gas-powered_scooter" title="Fuel gas-powered scooter">Fuel gas-powered scooter</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_emissions_control" title="Vehicle emissions control">emissions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Moped" title="Moped">mopeds</a> and scooters have been the subject of multiple studies. Studies have found that <a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">two-stroke</a> 50 <a href="/wiki/Cubic_centimetre" title="Cubic centimetre">cc</a> mopeds, with and without catalytic converters, emit ten to thirty times more hydrocarbons and particulate emissions than the outdated <a href="/wiki/European_emission_standards" title="European emission standards">Euro 3</a> automobile standards.<sup id="cite_ref-eri.ucr.edu_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eri.ucr.edu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same study, <a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">four-stroke</a> mopeds, with and without catalytic converters, emitted three to eight times more hydrocarbons and particulate emissions than the Euro 3 automobile standards.<sup id="cite_ref-eri.ucr.edu_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eri.ucr.edu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximate parity with automobiles was achieved with NOx emissions in these studies. Emissions performance was tested on a g/km basis and was unaffected by fuel economy. In 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> allowed motorcycles, scooters, and mopeds with engine displacements less than 280 cc to emit ten times the NOx and six times the CO than the median Tier II bin 5 automobile regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An additional air quality challenge can also arise from the use of moped and scooter transportation over automobiles, as a higher density of two-wheeled vehicles can be supported by existing transportation infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Genoa, 2-stroke engine scooters made before 1999 are banned since 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some cities, such as <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrol">petrol</a> scooters/mopeds are banned and only LPG or electric scooters are allowed to be used in the city due to <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2008_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2008-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CaoLi2004_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaoLi2004-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predecessors">Predecessors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Predecessors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scooter-like traits began to develop in motorcycle designs around the 1900s. In 1894, <a href="/wiki/Hildebrand_%26_Wolfm%C3%BCller" title="Hildebrand & Wolfmüller">Hildebrand & Wolfmüller</a> in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Germany produced the first motorcycle that was available for purchase. Their motorcycle had a step-through frame, with its fuel tank mounted on the down tube, its parallel two-cylinder engine mounted low on the frame, and its cylinders mounted in line with the frame. It was water-cooled and had a <a href="/wiki/Radiator_(engine_cooling)" title="Radiator (engine cooling)">radiator</a> built into the top of the rear fender. It became the first mass-produced and publicly sold powered two-wheel vehicle, and among the first powered mainly by its engine rather than foot pedals. Maximum speed was 40 km/h (25 mph). The rear wheel was driven directly by rods from the pistons in a manner similar to the drive wheels of <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotives</a>. Only a few hundred such bikes were built, and the high price and technical difficulties made the venture a financial failure for both Wolfmüller and his financial backer, Hildebrand.<sup id="cite_ref-WoM_HuW_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoM_HuW-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In France, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auto-Fauteuil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auto-Fauteuil (page does not exist)">Auto-Fauteuil</a> was introduced in 1902. This was basically a step-through motorcycle with an <a href="/wiki/Fauteuil" title="Fauteuil">armchair</a> instead of a traditional saddle. Production continued until 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-ScooterManiacAutoFauteuil_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScooterManiacAutoFauteuil-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Predecessors to the scooter</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Hildebrand_Wolfmueller.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="1894 Hildebrand & Wolfmüller motorcycle"><img alt="The first production motorcycle, the Hildebrand & Wolfmüller had a step-through frame" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Hildebrand_Wolfmueller.JPG/340px-ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Hildebrand_Wolfmueller.JPG" decoding="async" width="227" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Hildebrand_Wolfmueller.JPG/510px-ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Hildebrand_Wolfmueller.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Hildebrand_Wolfmueller.JPG/679px-ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Hildebrand_Wolfmueller.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2447" data-file-height="1622" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1894 <a href="/wiki/Hildebrand_%26_Wolfm%C3%BCller" title="Hildebrand & Wolfmüller">Hildebrand & Wolfmüller</a> motorcycle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Autofauteuil_490_cc_side_valve_1908.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1908 French Auto-Fauteuil motorcycle"><img alt="This was a step-through motorcycle with an armchair instead of a saddle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Autofauteuil_490_cc_side_valve_1908.jpg/300px-Autofauteuil_490_cc_side_valve_1908.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Autofauteuil_490_cc_side_valve_1908.jpg/451px-Autofauteuil_490_cc_side_valve_1908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Autofauteuil_490_cc_side_valve_1908.jpg/600px-Autofauteuil_490_cc_side_valve_1908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1908 French Auto-Fauteuil motorcycle</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_generation_(1915–1930)"><span id="First_generation_.281915.E2.80.931930.29"></span>First generation (1915–1930)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: First generation (1915–1930)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Motoped&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motoped (page does not exist)">motoped</a> entered production in 1915, and is believed to be the first motor scooter.<sup id="cite_ref-RedEyes13_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RedEyes13-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were followed that year by the <a href="/wiki/Autoped" title="Autoped">Autoped</a>, whose engine was engaged by pushing the handlebar column forward and whose brake was engaged by pulling the column back.<sup id="cite_ref-EncycloMoto22_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncycloMoto22-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Autopeds were made in <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a><sup id="cite_ref-AmOnTheMove_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmOnTheMove-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 1915 to 1921,<sup id="cite_ref-EncycloMoto22_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncycloMoto22-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were also made under license by <a href="/wiki/Krupp" title="Krupp">Krupp</a> in Germany from 1919 to 1922, following <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EncycloMoto243_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncycloMoto243-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The number of scooter manufacturers and designs increased after World War I. The British - <a href="/wiki/ABC_motorcycles#ABC_Scootamota" title="ABC motorcycles">ABC Motors Skootamota</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kenilworth" title="Kenilworth">Kenilworth</a>, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reynolds_Runabout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reynolds Runabout (page does not exist)">Reynolds Runabout</a> debuted in 1919, with <a href="/wiki/Gloster_Aircraft_Company" title="Gloster Aircraft Company">Gloucestershire Aircraft Company</a> following with its Unibus in 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-EncycloMoto1919_20_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncycloMoto1919_20-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Skootamota was noted for being practical, popular, and economical,<sup id="cite_ref-MotorScootersMikeWebster_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MotorScootersMikeWebster-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Kenilworth for its electric lights,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Reynolds Runabout for its advanced specifications, including front suspension, a two-speed gearbox, leg shields, and a seat sprung with leaf springs and coil springs.<sup id="cite_ref-EncycloMoto159_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncycloMoto159-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Unibus also had a two-speed gearbox, but it is more notable for its full bodywork, similar to that which would appear of second- and third-generation scooters.<sup id="cite_ref-MotorScootersMikeWebster_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MotorScootersMikeWebster-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ScooterManiacUnibus_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScooterManiacUnibus-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reputation of first-generation scooters was damaged by a glut of unstable machines with flexible frames,<sup id="cite_ref-MotorScootersMikeWebster_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MotorScootersMikeWebster-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ClassicMotorcyclesSkootamota_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClassicMotorcyclesSkootamota-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more substantial examples like the Reynolds Runabout and the Unibus were too expensive to be competitive.<sup id="cite_ref-MotorScootersMikeWebster_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MotorScootersMikeWebster-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EncycloMoto159_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncycloMoto159-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first generation had ended by the mid-1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-MotorScootersMikeWebster_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MotorScootersMikeWebster-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">First generation scooters, 1915–1930</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Autoped_1919_Ever_Ready_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1919 Autoped Ever Ready"><img alt="The Autoped was one of the first powered scooters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Autoped_1919_Ever_Ready_1.jpg/300px-Autoped_1919_Ever_Ready_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Autoped_1919_Ever_Ready_1.jpg/451px-Autoped_1919_Ever_Ready_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Autoped_1919_Ever_Ready_1.jpg/600px-Autoped_1919_Ever_Ready_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1919 <a href="/wiki/Autoped" title="Autoped">Autoped</a> Ever Ready</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ABC_Scootamota_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ABC Skootamota, designed by Granville Bradshaw"><img alt="The Skootamota was a more refined scooter than the Autoped" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/ABC_Scootamota_2.jpg/300px-ABC_Scootamota_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/ABC_Scootamota_2.jpg/451px-ABC_Scootamota_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/ABC_Scootamota_2.jpg/600px-ABC_Scootamota_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/ABC_motorcycles" title="ABC motorcycles">ABC</a> Skootamota, designed by <a href="/wiki/Granville_Bradshaw" title="Granville Bradshaw">Granville Bradshaw</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 217.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenilworth_scooter_1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1921 Kenilworth scooter"><img alt="Another 1st generation British scooter, the Kenilworth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Kenilworth_scooter_1921.jpg/323px-Kenilworth_scooter_1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="216" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Kenilworth_scooter_1921.jpg/485px-Kenilworth_scooter_1921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Kenilworth_scooter_1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="446" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1921 Kenilworth scooter</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 201.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 199.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scooters.Assisi013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1920s Unibus scooter, in grey, at right."><img alt="Gloucestershire Aircraft Company's Unibus was ahead of its time, but was too expensive to survive" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Scooters.Assisi013.jpg/299px-Scooters.Assisi013.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Scooters.Assisi013.jpg/449px-Scooters.Assisi013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Scooters.Assisi013.jpg/598px-Scooters.Assisi013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1952" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1920s Unibus scooter, in grey, at right.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MHV_DKW_Lomos_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="DKW Lomos, a cross between a scooter and an auto-fauteuil"><img alt="The Lomos was DKW's second motorcycle; the first was the Golem, an auto-fauteuil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/MHV_DKW_Lomos_01.jpg/328px-MHV_DKW_Lomos_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="219" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/MHV_DKW_Lomos_01.jpg/492px-MHV_DKW_Lomos_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/MHV_DKW_Lomos_01.jpg/655px-MHV_DKW_Lomos_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="571" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">DKW Lomos, a cross between a scooter and an auto-fauteuil</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_generation_(1936–1968)"><span id="Second_generation_.281936.E2.80.931968.29"></span>Second generation (1936–1968)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Second generation (1936–1968)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>E. Foster Salsbury and Austin Elmore developed the Salsbury Motor Glide, which was a division of <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Aircraft">Northrop Aircraft</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a scooter with a seat above an enclosed drivetrain, and began production in 1936 in California. In 1938, Salsbury introduced a more powerful scooter with a <a href="/wiki/Continuously_variable_transmission" title="Continuously variable transmission">continuously variable transmission</a> (CVT). This was the first use of a CVT on a scooter.<sup id="cite_ref-ScootersRedWhiteBlue_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScootersRedWhiteBlue-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was such a success that Salsbury attempted to license the design to several European manufacturers including Piaggio. The Motor Glide set the standards for all later models. It inspired production of motor scooters by <a href="/wiki/Powell_Manufacturing_Company" title="Powell Manufacturing Company">Powell</a>, Moto-scoot, Cushman, Rock-Ola, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-CulturalHistory_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CulturalHistory-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cushman_(company)" title="Cushman (company)">Cushman Company</a> produced motor scooters from 1936 to 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-EncycloMoto269_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncycloMoto269-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cushman was an engine manufacturer that started making scooters after Salsbury found their offer to supply engines to be unacceptable. Cushman and Salsbury competed against each other, with both companies advertising the economy of their scooters. Cushman claimed an efficiency of 120 mpg<sub>‑US</sub> (2.0 L/100 km; 140 mpg<sub>‑imp</sub>) at 30 mph (48 km/h). Cushman introduced a centrifugal clutch to their scooters in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-ScootersRedWhiteBlue_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScootersRedWhiteBlue-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cushman Auto Glide Model 53 was designed to be dropped by parachute with Army Airborne troops, and was eventually called the "Cushman Airborne".<sup id="cite_ref-OliveDrabCushma53_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OliveDrabCushma53-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cushman scooters were also used around military bases for messenger service.<sup id="cite_ref-1942MDL32_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1942MDL32-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salsbury continued manufacturing scooters until 1948,<sup id="cite_ref-EncycloMoto165_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncycloMoto165-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Cushman continued until 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-EncycloMoto44_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncycloMoto44-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Small numbers of the 165 cc (10.1 cu in) <a href="/wiki/Harley-Davidson_Topper" title="Harley-Davidson Topper">Harley-Davidson Topper</a> scooter were produced from 1960 to 1965 using the engine from <a href="/wiki/Harley-Davidson_Hummer" title="Harley-Davidson Hummer">their line of light motorcycles</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/DKW_RT_125" title="DKW RT 125">DKW RT 125</a>. It had a <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">fiberglass</a> body, a <a href="/wiki/Continuously_variable_transmission" title="Continuously variable transmission">continuously variable transmission</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Pull-cord" class="mw-redirect" title="Pull-cord">pull-cord</a> starting mechanism.<sup id="cite_ref-HowStuffWorks_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HowStuffWorks-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HallOfFameTopper_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HallOfFameTopper-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Second generation scooters, United States, 1936–1965</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1956_Allstate_Scooter_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Typical Cushman scooter, this one sold by Sears under the Allstate brand"><img alt="Sears Allstate scooter, made by Cushman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/1956_Allstate_Scooter_2.jpg/300px-1956_Allstate_Scooter_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/1956_Allstate_Scooter_2.jpg/450px-1956_Allstate_Scooter_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/1956_Allstate_Scooter_2.jpg/599px-1956_Allstate_Scooter_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="2128" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Typical Cushman scooter, this one sold by <a href="/wiki/Sears" title="Sears">Sears</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Allstate_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Allstate vehicles">Allstate</a> brand</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 201.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 199.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scooters.Assisi002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1948 Salsbury Model 85 scooter (middle)"><img alt="The Model 85 was much bigger and sleeker than the early Motor Glides" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Scooters.Assisi002.jpg/299px-Scooters.Assisi002.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Scooters.Assisi002.jpg/449px-Scooters.Assisi002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Scooters.Assisi002.jpg/598px-Scooters.Assisi002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1952" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1948 Salsbury Model 85 scooter (middle)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 270px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 268px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1948_Moto-Scoot_145.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1948 Moto-Scoot 145 manufactured in Chicago[36]"><img alt="1948 Moto-Scoot 145 manufactured in Chicago[36]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/1948_Moto-Scoot_145.jpg/402px-1948_Moto-Scoot_145.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/1948_Moto-Scoot_145.jpg/603px-1948_Moto-Scoot_145.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/1948_Moto-Scoot_145.jpg/803px-1948_Moto-Scoot_145.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="2368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1948 Moto-Scoot 145 manufactured in Chicago<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_postwar_Japan">Early postwar Japan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Early postwar Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After World War II, wartime <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a> manufacturers were forbidden from making aircraft, and had to find other products to make in order to stay in business. Fuji Sangyo, a part of the former <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Aircraft_Company" title="Nakajima Aircraft Company">Nakajima Aircraft Company</a>, began production of the <a href="/wiki/Fuji_Rabbit" title="Fuji Rabbit">Fuji Rabbit</a> S-1 scooter in June 1946. Inspired by <a href="/wiki/Powell_Manufacturing_Company" title="Powell Manufacturing Company">Powell</a> scooters used by American servicemen, the S1 was designed to use surplus military parts, including the tailwheel of a Nakajima bomber, re-purposed as the front wheel of the S1.<sup id="cite_ref-FujiRabbitDotComHistory_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FujiRabbitDotComHistory-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FujiRabbitMicroMuseum_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FujiRabbitMicroMuseum-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a> introduced the C10, the first of its line of <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Silver_Pigeon" title="Mitsubishi Silver Pigeon">Silver Pigeon</a> scooters.<sup id="cite_ref-MitsuMuseumC10_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MitsuMuseumC10-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-240LandmarksSilverPigeon_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240LandmarksSilverPigeon-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was inspired by a Salsbury Motor Glide that had been brought to Japan by a Japanese man who had lived in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-240LandmarksSilverPigeon_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240LandmarksSilverPigeon-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Production of the Mitsubishi Silver Pigeon and the Fuji Rabbit continued through several series until the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-FujiRabbitDotComHistory_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FujiRabbitDotComHistory-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MitsuMuseumC140_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MitsuMuseumC140-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some series of the Fuji Rabbit were developed to a high level of technological content; the S-601 Rabbit Superflow had an automatic transmission with a torque converter, an electric starter, and pneumatic suspension.<sup id="cite_ref-FujiRabbitDotComIntro_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FujiRabbitDotComIntro-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FRdcTorConOil_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRdcTorConOil-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mitsubishi ended scooter production with the C140 Silver Pigeon,<sup id="cite_ref-MitsuMuseumC140_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MitsuMuseumC140-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Fuji continued production of the Rabbit until the last of the S-211 series was built in June 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-FujiRabbitDotComHistory_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FujiRabbitDotComHistory-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Second generation scooters, Japan, 1946–1968</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fuji_Touring_150_-_Side_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fuji Rabbit Touring 150 (S-402)"><img alt="S-402: Fuji Rabbit Touring 150" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Fuji_Touring_150_-_Side_View.jpg/150px-Fuji_Touring_150_-_Side_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Fuji_Touring_150_-_Side_View.jpg/225px-Fuji_Touring_150_-_Side_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Fuji_Touring_150_-_Side_View.jpg/300px-Fuji_Touring_150_-_Side_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fuji Rabbit Touring 150 (S-402)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 270px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 268px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitsubishi_Silver_Pigeon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mitsubishi Silver Pigeon"><img alt="Mitsubishi Silver Pigeon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mitsubishi_Silver_Pigeon.jpg/402px-Mitsubishi_Silver_Pigeon.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mitsubishi_Silver_Pigeon.jpg/603px-Mitsubishi_Silver_Pigeon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mitsubishi_Silver_Pigeon.jpg/803px-Mitsubishi_Silver_Pigeon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="2368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Silver_Pigeon" title="Mitsubishi Silver Pigeon">Mitsubishi Silver Pigeon</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_generation_(1946–1964)_and_beyond"><span id="Third_generation_.281946.E2.80.931964.29_and_beyond"></span>Third generation (1946–1964) and beyond</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Third generation (1946–1964) and beyond"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Italy_-_Vespa_and_Lambretta">Italy - Vespa and Lambretta</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Italy - Vespa and Lambretta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lambretta_125_D_1952_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lambretta_125_D_1952_a.jpg/170px-Lambretta_125_D_1952_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lambretta_125_D_1952_a.jpg/255px-Lambretta_125_D_1952_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lambretta_125_D_1952_a.jpg/340px-Lambretta_125_D_1952_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1329" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>1952 Lambretta 125 D</figcaption></figure> <p>In post-World War II Italy the <a href="/wiki/Piaggio" title="Piaggio">Piaggio</a> <a href="/wiki/Vespa" title="Vespa">Vespa</a> became the standard for scooters, and has remained so for over 60 years.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patented in April 1946, it used aircraft design and materials. D'Ascanio's 98 cc (6.0 cu in) scooter had various new design concepts, including a stress-bearing structure. The <a href="/wiki/Gear_shift" class="mw-redirect" title="Gear shift">gear shift</a> lever was moved to the handlebars for easier riding. The engine was placed near the rear wheel, eliminating the <a href="/wiki/Belt_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belt drive">belt drive</a>. The typical fork support was replaced by an arm similar to an aircraft carriage for easier tire-changing. The body design protected the driver from wind and road dirt. The smaller wheels and shorter wheelbase provide improved maneuverability through narrow streets and congested traffic. The name originated when Piaggio's president, upon seeing the prototype, remarked <i>"Sembra una vespa"</i>, "It looks like a wasp".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Months after the Vespa, in 1947, <a href="/wiki/Innocenti" title="Innocenti">Innocenti</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/Lambretta_(motorscooter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambretta (motorscooter)">Lambretta</a>, beginning a rivalry with Vespa. The scooter was designed by Innocenti, his General Director Giuseppe Lauro and engineer Pierluigi Torre. The Lambretta was named after Lambrate, the Milanese neighborhood where the factory stood.<sup id="cite_ref-MilansinceMiracle_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MilansinceMiracle-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It debuted in 1947 at the Paris Motor Show. The Lambretta 'A' went on sale on December 23, 1947, and sold 9,000 units in one year. It was efficient, at a time when fuel was severely rationed. It had a top speed of 45 mph (72 km/h) from a fan-cooled engine of 123 cc (7.5 cu in). The first Lambretta designs had shaft drive and no rear suspension, later designs used various drive and suspension systems until Lambretta settled on a swingarm-mounted engine with chain drive.<sup id="cite_ref-ClassicMoto79_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClassicMoto79-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also other Italian firms manufactured scooters in 1950s and 1960s, like <a href="/wiki/Italjet" title="Italjet">Italjet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iso_(automobile)" title="Iso (automobile)">Iso</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Germany">Germany</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Germany's aviation industry was also dismantled after World War II. <a href="/wiki/Heinkel" title="Heinkel">Heinkel</a> stayed in business by making bicycles and mopeds,<sup id="cite_ref-CoF_Heinkel_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoF_Heinkel-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt" title="Messerschmitt">Messerschmitt</a> made sewing machines and automobile parts.<sup id="cite_ref-IstDasNicht163_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IstDasNicht163-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Messerschmitt took over the German license to manufacture Vespa scooters from <a href="/wiki/Hoffmann_(motorcycle)" title="Hoffmann (motorcycle)">Hoffman</a> in 1954 and built Vespas under from 1954 to 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-EncycloMoto244_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncycloMoto244-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heinkel designed and built its own scooters. The <a href="/wiki/Heinkel_Tourist" title="Heinkel Tourist">Heinkel Tourist</a> was a large and relatively heavy touring scooter produced in the 1960s. It provided good weather protection with a full fairing, and the front wheel turned under a fixed nose extension. It had effective streamlining, perhaps thanks to its aircraft ancestry. Although it had only a 175 cc (10.7 cu in) four stroke motor, it could sustain speeds of 70 mph (110 km/h). Heinkel scooters were known for their reliability.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Glas_(company)#Scooters" title="Glas (company)">Glas</a>, a manufacturer of agricultural machinery, made the Goggo scooter from 1951 to 1955. Glas discontinued scooter production to concentrate on its <a href="/wiki/Goggomobil" title="Goggomobil">Goggomobil</a> <a href="/wiki/Microcar" title="Microcar">microcar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EncycloMoto239_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncycloMoto239-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several manufacturers in the German motorcycle industry made scooters. <a href="/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="NSU Motorenwerke AG">NSU</a> made <a href="/wiki/Lambretta" title="Lambretta">Lambrettas</a> under license from 1950 to 1955, during which they developed their Prima scooter. Production of the Prima began when NSU's license to build Lambrettas ran out. <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCndapp" title="Zündapp">Zündapp</a> made the popular <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCndapp_Bella" title="Zündapp Bella">Bella</a> scooter in the 1950s and 1960s. It was in production for about ten years, in three engine sizes, 150 cc (9.2 cu in), 175 cc (10.7 cu in) and 200 cc (12 cu in). They could perform all day at a steady speed of 60 mph (97 km/h). Extremely reliable and very well made, many of these scooters still exist today. <a href="/wiki/Maico" title="Maico">Maico</a> built the large <a href="/wiki/Maicoletta" title="Maicoletta">Maicoletta</a> scooter in the 1950s. It had a single cylinder piston-port <a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">two-stroke engine</a>, with four foot-operated gears and centrifugal fan cooling. The Maicoletta had a choice of engine sizes, approximately 175 cc (10.7 cu in), 250 cc (15 cu in), or 275 cc (16.8 cu in), The tubular frame was built on motorcycle principles, with long-travel telescopic forks and 14-inch (356 mm) wheels. The Maicoletta had a top speed of 70 mph (110 km/h) which was comparable with most 250 cc (15 cu in) motorcycles of the time. Other German scooters made by motorcycle manufacturers included the <a href="/wiki/DKW" title="DKW">DKW</a> Hobby, the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrkopp" class="mw-redirect" title="Dürkopp">Dürkopp</a> Diana, and the <a href="/wiki/Triumph_(TWN)" title="Triumph (TWN)">TWN</a> Contessa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Classic German scooters</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20061018_Fertig_montiert_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Goggo scooter, made by Glas"><img alt="Goggo scooter, the first road vehicle made by Glas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/20061018_Fertig_montiert_04.JPG/300px-20061018_Fertig_montiert_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/20061018_Fertig_montiert_04.JPG/451px-20061018_Fertig_montiert_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/20061018_Fertig_montiert_04.JPG/600px-20061018_Fertig_montiert_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Goggo scooter, made by <a href="/wiki/Glas_(company)" title="Glas (company)">Glas</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinkel_IMG_1249.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heinkel Tourist"><img alt="The Heinkel Tourist was noted for its touring ability" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Heinkel_IMG_1249.jpg/300px-Heinkel_IMG_1249.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Heinkel_IMG_1249.jpg/451px-Heinkel_IMG_1249.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Heinkel_IMG_1249.jpg/600px-Heinkel_IMG_1249.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Heinkel Tourist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 188px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ZweiRadMuseumNSU_NSU_Prima.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="1957 NSU Prima"><img alt="NSU developed the Prima from the Lambretta it had previously built under license" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/ZweiRadMuseumNSU_NSU_Prima.JPG/282px-ZweiRadMuseumNSU_NSU_Prima.JPG" decoding="async" width="188" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/ZweiRadMuseumNSU_NSU_Prima.JPG/424px-ZweiRadMuseumNSU_NSU_Prima.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/ZweiRadMuseumNSU_NSU_Prima.JPG/564px-ZweiRadMuseumNSU_NSU_Prima.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2216" data-file-height="1768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1957 NSU Prima</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCndapp_Bella_R_154_(2008-05-21)_Seitenansicht_ret.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1958 Zündapp Bella R 154"><img alt="The Zündapp Bella was the most popular German scooter in the 1960s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Z%C3%BCndapp_Bella_R_154_%282008-05-21%29_Seitenansicht_ret.jpg/338px-Z%C3%BCndapp_Bella_R_154_%282008-05-21%29_Seitenansicht_ret.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Z%C3%BCndapp_Bella_R_154_%282008-05-21%29_Seitenansicht_ret.jpg/507px-Z%C3%BCndapp_Bella_R_154_%282008-05-21%29_Seitenansicht_ret.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Z%C3%BCndapp_Bella_R_154_%282008-05-21%29_Seitenansicht_ret.jpg/675px-Z%C3%BCndapp_Bella_R_154_%282008-05-21%29_Seitenansicht_ret.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1958 <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCndapp_Bella" title="Zündapp Bella">Zündapp Bella</a> R 154</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maicoletta_(33).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Maicoletta scooter"><img alt="One of the largest scooters of the classic age" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Maicoletta_%2833%29.JPG/300px-Maicoletta_%2833%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Maicoletta_%2833%29.JPG/451px-Maicoletta_%2833%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Maicoletta_%2833%29.JPG/600px-Maicoletta_%2833%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maicoletta" title="Maicoletta">Maicoletta</a> scooter</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 187.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ZweiRadMuseumNSU_DKW_Hobby.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="1954 DKW Hobby"><img alt="DKW Hobby" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/ZweiRadMuseumNSU_DKW_Hobby.JPG/281px-ZweiRadMuseumNSU_DKW_Hobby.JPG" decoding="async" width="188" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/ZweiRadMuseumNSU_DKW_Hobby.JPG/422px-ZweiRadMuseumNSU_DKW_Hobby.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/ZweiRadMuseumNSU_DKW_Hobby.JPG/562px-ZweiRadMuseumNSU_DKW_Hobby.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2301" data-file-height="1844" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1954 DKW Hobby</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 93.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 91.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%BCrkopp_Diana_1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1955 Dürkopp Diana"><img alt="Dürkopp Diana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/D%C3%BCrkopp_Diana_1955.jpg/137px-D%C3%BCrkopp_Diana_1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/D%C3%BCrkopp_Diana_1955.jpg/206px-D%C3%BCrkopp_Diana_1955.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/D%C3%BCrkopp_Diana_1955.jpg/275px-D%C3%BCrkopp_Diana_1955.jpg 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="1125" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1955 Dürkopp Diana</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Quickly.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="NSU Quickly 50 cc (3.1 cu in) T/S moped (1953)"><img alt="NSU Quickly 50 cc (3.1 cu in) T/S moped (1953)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Quickly.JPG/300px-ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Quickly.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Quickly.JPG/451px-ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Quickly.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Quickly.JPG/600px-ZweiRadMuseumNSU_Quickly.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/NSU_Quickly" title="NSU Quickly">NSU Quickly</a> 50 cc (3.1 cu in) <a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">T/S</a> <a href="/wiki/Moped" title="Moped">moped</a> (1953)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_(motorcycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas (motorcycle)">Douglas</a> manufactured the Vespa under license from 1951 to 1961 and assembled them from 1961 to 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-DouglasVespaHistory_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DouglasVespaHistory-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company">BSA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Engineering_Co_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Triumph Engineering Co Ltd">Triumph</a> made several models of scooter including the BSA Dandy 70, the <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Tina" title="Triumph Tina">Triumph Tina</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Tigress" class="mw-redirect" title="Triumph Tigress">Triumph Tigress</a>. The Tigress was made from 1959 to 1964 and was sold with a 175 cc 2-stroke single engine or a 250 cc 4-stroke twin;<sup id="cite_ref-NMMTigress_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NMMTigress-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both versions used a foot-operated four-speed gearbox.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The 250 twin had a top speed of 70 mph (110 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-NMMTigress_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NMMTigress-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BSA Sunbeam was a <a href="/wiki/Badge_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Badge engineering">badge engineered</a> version of the Tigress.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The early 2000's saw the small scale production of the <a href="/wiki/Scomadi" title="Scomadi">Scomadi</a> scooter, a retro styled UK designed and manufactured scooter. Scomadis were styled after classic Lambrettas. A number of different models at different capacity was produced. Production was later moved to Thailand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eastern_Bloc">Eastern Bloc</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Eastern Bloc"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> countries scooters also became popular in the second half of 1950s, but their production was a result of <a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">planned economy</a> rather than market competition. The Soviet Union started in 1957 with producing <a href="/wiki/Reverse_engineering" title="Reverse engineering">reverse engineered</a> copies of 150 cc Vespa and 200 cc Glas Goggo as <a href="/wiki/Vyatka_(motor_scooter)" title="Vyatka (motor scooter)">Vyatka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tula_T-200" title="Tula T-200">Tula T-200</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They and their developments were manufactured in big numbers into the 1980s. In <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Industriewerke_Ludwigsfelde" title="Industriewerke Ludwigsfelde">IWL</a> manufactured several own design 125 cc and 150 cc scooters (most notably SR 59 Berlin) from 1955 to 1964, when the authorities decided to switch the production to trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also produced small 50 cc <a href="/wiki/Simson_(company)" title="Simson (company)">Simson</a> scooters, manufactured into the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1959 until 1965 there was produced the only Polish scooter, 150 cc to 175 cc <a href="/w/index.php?title=WFM_Osa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WFM Osa (page does not exist)">WFM Osa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Czechoslovakia, there was produced a unique 175 cc scooter <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cezeta" title="Čezeta">Čezeta</a> at the outbreak of 1950s/1960s, then there remained only small 50 cc <a href="/wiki/Jawa_Moto" title="Jawa Moto">Jawa</a> scooter-style <a href="/wiki/Moped" title="Moped">mopeds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Eastern Bloc scooters</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Soviet Vyatka-3 Elektron"><img alt="Soviet Vyatka-3 Elektron" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG/300px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG/451px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG/600px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Soviet Vyatka-3 Elektron</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 218px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 216px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiesel_rechts_1-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="IWL Wiesel"><img alt="IWL Wiesel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Wiesel_rechts_1-1.jpg/324px-Wiesel_rechts_1-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="216" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Wiesel_rechts_1-1.jpg/487px-Wiesel_rechts_1-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Wiesel_rechts_1-1.jpg/648px-Wiesel_rechts_1-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1662" data-file-height="1154" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">IWL Wiesel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Troll001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="IWL TR Troll"><img alt="IWL TR Troll" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Troll001.jpg/300px-Troll001.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Troll001.jpg/451px-Troll001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Troll001.jpg/600px-Troll001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">IWL TR Troll</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1978_Schwalbe_Simson_Scooter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1978 Simson Schwalbe"><img alt="1978 Simson Schwalbe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/1978_Schwalbe_Simson_Scooter.jpg/338px-1978_Schwalbe_Simson_Scooter.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/1978_Schwalbe_Simson_Scooter.jpg/507px-1978_Schwalbe_Simson_Scooter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/1978_Schwalbe_Simson_Scooter.jpg/675px-1978_Schwalbe_Simson_Scooter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1978 Simson Schwalbe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WFM_Osa_PICT0038.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polish 1963 WFM Osa"><img alt="Polish 1963 WFM Osa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/WFM_Osa_PICT0038.jpg/300px-WFM_Osa_PICT0038.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/WFM_Osa_PICT0038.jpg/450px-WFM_Osa_PICT0038.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/WFM_Osa_PICT0038.jpg/599px-WFM_Osa_PICT0038.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1384" data-file-height="1040" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Polish 1963 WFM Osa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cezeta_scooter_at_Regiontour_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Czechoslovak Čezeta"><img alt="Czechoslovak Čezeta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cezeta_scooter_at_Regiontour_2010.jpg/338px-Cezeta_scooter_at_Regiontour_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cezeta_scooter_at_Regiontour_2010.jpg/507px-Cezeta_scooter_at_Regiontour_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cezeta_scooter_at_Regiontour_2010.jpg/675px-Cezeta_scooter_at_Regiontour_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Czechoslovak <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cezeta" title="Čezeta">Čezeta</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Scooter_(motorcycle)" title="Special:EditPage/Scooter (motorcycle)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Scooters are responsible for about 70 percent of India's gasoline consumption and the cost of a 100-kilometer ride is approximately 100 rupees ($1.30). Electric scooters are just one percent of all scooters, but this number is expected to increase to 74 percent of all scooters sold in India by 2040. The cost of operating an electric scooter is a sixth of the cost of a gasoline version.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Automobile_Products_of_India" title="Automobile Products of India">API</a> were the first scooter manufacturers in India, with a Lambretta model in the 1950s. <a href="/wiki/Bajaj_Auto" title="Bajaj Auto">Bajaj Auto</a> manufactured its line of scooters from 1972 to 2009, which included the <a href="/wiki/Bajaj_Chetak" title="Bajaj Chetak">Chetak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bajaj_Legend" title="Bajaj Legend">Legend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bajaj_Super" title="Bajaj Super">Super</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bajaj_Priya" title="Bajaj Priya">Priya</a>. The Chetak and Legend were based on the Italian <a href="/wiki/Vespa_Sprint" title="Vespa Sprint">Vespa Sprint</a>. It was discontinued in 2009. </p><p>Another Vespa partner in India was <a href="/wiki/Lohia_Machinery_Limited" title="Lohia Machinery Limited">LML Motors</a>. Beginning as a joint-venture with Piaggio in 1983, LML, in addition to being a large parts supplier for Piaggio, produced the <a href="/wiki/LML_NV" class="mw-redirect" title="LML NV">P-Series scooters</a> for the Indian market. In 1999, after protracted dispute with Piaggio, LML bought back Piaggio's stake in the company and the partnership ceased. LML continues to produce (and also exports) the P-Series variant known as the <a href="/wiki/Stella_(scooter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stella (scooter)">Stella</a> in the U.S. market and by other names in different markets. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Indian scooters</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bajaj_chetak_scooter_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bajaj Chetak"><img alt="Bajaj Chetak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bajaj_chetak_scooter_01.jpg/301px-Bajaj_chetak_scooter_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bajaj_chetak_scooter_01.jpg/452px-Bajaj_chetak_scooter_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bajaj_chetak_scooter_01.jpg/602px-Bajaj_chetak_scooter_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bajaj_Chetak" title="Bajaj Chetak">Bajaj Chetak</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stellafront.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="LML Stella"><img alt="LML Stella" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fa/Stellafront.jpg/250px-Stellafront.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fa/Stellafront.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="273" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Stella_(scooter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stella (scooter)">LML Stella</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the 1980s Japan, and latterly China and Taiwan, have become world leaders in the mass production of plastic bodied scooters,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most often with "twist-and-go" type transmissions (where gear selection and clutch operation are fully automatic). A popular early model being the <a href="/wiki/Honda_NQ50" title="Honda NQ50">Honda Spree/Nifty Fifty</a>. Advertising campaigns in the USA featured popular stars like Michael Jackson (Suzuki), and Grace Jones and Lou Reed (Honda),<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sales of Japanese scooters peaked there in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both <a href="/wiki/2-stroke" class="mw-redirect" title="2-stroke">2-stroke</a> and <a href="/wiki/4-stroke" class="mw-redirect" title="4-stroke">4-stroke</a> plastic bodied scooters have been mass-produced in East Asia, with engine and transmission designs being either local designs or license built versions of European engines (eg <a href="/wiki/Minarelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Minarelli">Minarelli</a> or <a href="/wiki/Moto_Morini" title="Moto Morini">Morini</a>). A popular 4-stroke engine in Chinese production is the <a href="/wiki/GY6_engine" title="GY6 engine">GY6 engine</a>, but electric motor-scooters are constantly increasing in the Chinese home market share. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">East Asian plastic bodied scooters</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 192px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Honda_Spree.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Honda Spree/Nifty Fifty (Japan)"><img alt="Honda Spree/Nifty Fifty (Japan)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Honda_Spree.jpg/285px-Honda_Spree.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Honda_Spree.jpg/428px-Honda_Spree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Honda_Spree.jpg/570px-Honda_Spree.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1283" data-file-height="1014" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Honda_NQ50" title="Honda NQ50">Honda Spree/Nifty Fifty</a> (Japan)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Honda_lead_125_front_large.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Honda Lead (Japan)"><img alt="Honda Lead (Japan)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Honda_lead_125_front_large.JPG/225px-Honda_lead_125_front_large.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Honda_lead_125_front_large.JPG/338px-Honda_lead_125_front_large.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Honda_lead_125_front_large.JPG 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Honda_NH_series" title="Honda NH series">Honda Lead</a> (Japan)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 234px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 232px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suzuki_SJ50_QT.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Suzuki SJ50QT made for Suzuki by the Chinese Jincheng Group[63]"><img alt="Suzuki SJ50QT made for Suzuki by the Chinese Jincheng Group[63]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Suzuki_SJ50_QT.jpg/348px-Suzuki_SJ50_QT.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Suzuki_SJ50_QT.jpg/522px-Suzuki_SJ50_QT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Suzuki_SJ50_QT.jpg/695px-Suzuki_SJ50_QT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2745" data-file-height="1778" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Suzuki" title="Suzuki">Suzuki SJ50QT</a> made for Suzuki by the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Jincheng_Group" title="Jincheng Group">Jincheng Group</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:YAMAHA_JOG-SPORTS.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Yamaha Jog (Japan)"><img alt="Yamaha Jog (Japan)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/YAMAHA_JOG-SPORTS.JPG/300px-YAMAHA_JOG-SPORTS.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/YAMAHA_JOG-SPORTS.JPG/451px-YAMAHA_JOG-SPORTS.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/YAMAHA_JOG-SPORTS.JPG/600px-YAMAHA_JOG-SPORTS.JPG 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="519" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Jog" title="Yamaha Jog">Yamaha Jog</a> (Japan)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flyscooters_Il_Bello.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Flyscooters Il Bello (China)"><img alt="Flyscooters Il Bello (China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flyscooters_Il_Bello.JPG/338px-Flyscooters_Il_Bello.JPG" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flyscooters_Il_Bello.JPG/507px-Flyscooters_Il_Bello.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flyscooters_Il_Bello.JPG/675px-Flyscooters_Il_Bello.JPG 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flyscooters_Il_Bello" class="mw-redirect" title="Flyscooters Il Bello">Flyscooters Il Bello (China)</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 198px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kymco_Super_9_Scooter.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kymco Super 9 (Taiwan)"><img alt="Kymco Super 9 (Taiwan)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Kymco_Super_9_Scooter.jpeg/297px-Kymco_Super_9_Scooter.jpeg" decoding="async" width="198" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Kymco_Super_9_Scooter.jpeg/446px-Kymco_Super_9_Scooter.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Kymco_Super_9_Scooter.jpeg/594px-Kymco_Super_9_Scooter.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="570" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kymco_Super_9" title="Kymco Super 9">Kymco Super 9</a> (Taiwan)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scooter_series_SLNSW_FL19094518.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Scooter_series_SLNSW_FL19094518.jpg/220px-Scooter_series_SLNSW_FL19094518.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Scooter_series_SLNSW_FL19094518.jpg/330px-Scooter_series_SLNSW_FL19094518.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Scooter_series_SLNSW_FL19094518.jpg/440px-Scooter_series_SLNSW_FL19094518.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1267" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Scooter club outing, Sydney, 1951</figcaption></figure><p>Unlike other countries, Australia had no major motorcycle companies, nor scooter manufacturers in the original hey day of scooters in the 1950s and 1960s. Scooters were mostly traditionally imported from Italy, and then in the 1970s and 1980s, from Japan and Asia. Australian scooters have only appeared in the last 20 years or so, and many of them relating to the recent advent and viability of the electric engine. </p><p>Australian scooter companies design, market and manage the company from Australia, but manufacturing is largely done in Asia, with some assembly in Australia. The oldest scooter company in Australia is <a href="/wiki/Vmoto" title="Vmoto">Vmoto</a>, a Perth based company that started off importing and distributing scooters, but then started to manufacture its own electric scooters. Sydney based Hunted Scooters<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> producers smaller numbers of niche petrol scooters, based on the customised Honda Ruckus scooters in Japan. </p><p>More recently Sydney based <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonz_Moto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonz Moto (page does not exist)">Fonz Moto</a> produce <a href="/wiki/Electric_scooters" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric scooters">electric scooters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electric_motorbike" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric motorbike">electric motorbikes</a>, assembled in Australia, using overseas and Australian sourced components.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Developments">Developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trends around the world have seen new developments of the classic scooter, some with larger engines and tires. High-end scooter models now include comprehensive technological features, including cast aluminium frames, engines with integral counterbalancing, and cross-linked brake systems. Some of these scooters have comfort features such as an alarm, start button, radio, <a href="/wiki/Windshield" title="Windshield">windshield</a>, heated hand grips and full instrumentation (including clock or outside temperature gauge).<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Three-wheeled_scooter">Three-wheeled scooter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Three-wheeled scooter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piaggio_mp3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Piaggio_mp3.jpg/220px-Piaggio_mp3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Piaggio_mp3.jpg/330px-Piaggio_mp3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Piaggio_mp3.jpg/440px-Piaggio_mp3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Piaggio MP3</figcaption></figure> <p>During World War II, <a href="/wiki/Cushman_(company)" title="Cushman (company)">Cushman</a> made the Model 39, a three-wheeled utility scooter with a large storage bin between the front wheels. They sold 606 to the US military during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Piaggio_MP3" title="Piaggio MP3">Piaggio MP3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Tricity" title="Yamaha Tricity">Yamaha Tricity</a> are modern <a href="/wiki/Tilting_three_wheeler" class="mw-redirect" title="Tilting three wheeler">tilting</a> three-wheeled scooters. Unlike most motorcycle trikes, they are reverse trikes, with two front wheels which steer, and a single driven rear wheel. The front suspension allows both front wheels to tilt independently, so that all three wheels remain in contact with the ground as it leans when cornering. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maxi-scooter">Maxi-scooter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Maxi-scooter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Honda_Helix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Honda_Helix.jpg/220px-Honda_Helix.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Honda_Helix.jpg/330px-Honda_Helix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Honda_Helix.jpg/440px-Honda_Helix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="718" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Honda_CN250" title="Honda CN250">Honda CN250 Helix</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>maxi-scooter</b><sup id="cite_ref-PopMechX9_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PopMechX9-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>touring scooter</b><sup id="cite_ref-MDCTouringScooters_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MDCTouringScooters-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a large scooter, with engines ranging in size from 150 to 850 cc (9.2 to 51.9 cu in), and using larger frames than normal scooters with longer wheelbases. Typically, the dash is fixed & is not mounted on the handlebars. </p><p>The trend toward maxi-scooters began in 1986 when Honda introduced the <a href="/wiki/Honda_CN250" title="Honda CN250">CN250</a> Helix / Fusion / Spazio.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Many years later, Suzuki launched the <a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Burgman" title="Suzuki Burgman">Burgman</a> 400 and 650 models.<sup id="cite_ref-MUSA2007Bergman400ride_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MUSA2007Bergman400ride-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Honda (600 cc or 37 cu in), Aprilia/Gilera (839 cc or 51.2 cu in), Yamaha (530 cc or 32 cu in), Kymco (700 cc or 43 cu in) and others have also introduced scooters with engine displacements ranging from 400 to 850 cc (24 to 52 cu in). Honda's <a href="/wiki/Honda_PS250" class="mw-redirect" title="Honda PS250">PS250</a> (also known as Big Ruckus) features a motorcycle-like exoskeleton instead of bodywork. </p><p>A new direction in maxi-scooters has the engine fixed to the frame. This arrangement improves handling by allowing bigger wheels and less unsprung weight, also tending to move the centre of gravity forwards. The trend toward larger, more powerful scooters with fully automatic transmissions converges with an emerging trend in motorcycle design that foreshadows automatic transmission motorcycles with on-board storage. Examples include the <a href="/wiki/Aprilia_Mana_850" title="Aprilia Mana 850">Aprilia Mana 850</a> automatic-transmission motorcycle and the <a href="/wiki/Honda_NC700D_Integra" title="Honda NC700D Integra">Honda NC700D Integra</a>, which is a scooter built on a motorcycle platform. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enclosed_scooter">Enclosed scooter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Enclosed scooter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cabin_motorcycle" title="Cabin motorcycle">Cabin motorcycle</a></div> <p>Some scooters, including the <a href="/wiki/BMW_C1" title="BMW C1">BMW C1</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Honda_Gyro" title="Honda Gyro">Honda Gyro Canopy</a>, have a windscreen and a roof. The Piaggio MP3 offered a tall windscreen with roof as an option.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Four-stroke_engines_and_fuel-injection">Four-stroke engines and fuel-injection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Four-stroke engines and fuel-injection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Scooter_(motorcycle)" title="Special:EditPage/Scooter (motorcycle)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>With increasingly strict <a href="/wiki/Emission_standard" title="Emission standard">environmental laws</a>, including <a href="/wiki/United_States_emission_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="United States emission standards">United States emission standards</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_emission_standards" title="European emission standards">European emission standards</a>, more scooters are using <a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Four-stroke cycle">four-stroke</a> engines again. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 139.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 137.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PiaggioXEvo250ie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piaggio XEvo 250ie, four-stroke Maxi-scooter"><img alt="Piaggio XEvo 250ie, four-stroke Maxi-scooter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/PiaggioXEvo250ie.jpg/206px-PiaggioXEvo250ie.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/PiaggioXEvo250ie.jpg/310px-PiaggioXEvo250ie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/PiaggioXEvo250ie.jpg/413px-PiaggioXEvo250ie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Piaggio_XEvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Piaggio XEvo">Piaggio XEvo</a> 250ie, four-stroke Maxi-scooter</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aprilia_SR50_Factory.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aprilia SR50"><img alt="Aprilia SR50" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Aprilia_SR50_Factory.jpg/360px-Aprilia_SR50_Factory.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Aprilia_SR50_Factory.jpg/541px-Aprilia_SR50_Factory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Aprilia_SR50_Factory.jpg/720px-Aprilia_SR50_Factory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3143" data-file-height="1964" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aprilia SR50</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electric_scooter">Electric scooter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Electric scooter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electric_motorcycles_and_scooters" title="Electric motorcycles and scooters">Electric motorcycles and scooters</a></div> <p>Scooters may be powered by an electric motor powered by a rechargeable battery. Petroleum hybrid-electric scooters are available. Electric scooters are rising in popularity because of higher gasoline prices, and battery technology is gradually improving, making this form of transportation more practical<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—the battery size is constrained by what the frame will fit, limiting range. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Underbone">Underbone</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Underbone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Scooter_(motorcycle)" title="Special:EditPage/Scooter (motorcycle)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Underbone" title="Underbone">Underbone</a></div> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Underbone" title="Underbone">underbone</a> is a motorcycle built on a chassis consisting mostly of a single large diameter tube. An underbone differs from a conventional motorcycle mainly by not having a structural member connecting the <a href="/wiki/Head_tube" title="Head tube">head stock</a> to the structure under the front of the seat and by not having a fuel tank or similarly styled appendage in the space between the rider's knees. Underbones are commonly referred to as "step-throughs" and appeal to both genders in much the same way as scooters. </p><p>Underbones are often mistaken for scooters and are sometimes marketed as such. However, an underbone does not have a footboard, and is therefore not a scooter. </p><p>The engine of an underbone is usually fixed to the chassis under the downtube, while a scooter usually has its engine mounted on its <a href="/wiki/Swingarm" title="Swingarm">swingarm</a>. As a result, underbone engines are usually further forwards than those of scooters. A typical underbone therefore has a more central <a href="/wiki/Center_of_mass" title="Center of mass">centre of gravity</a> than a typical scooter. Furthermore, having an engine mounted on the swingarm gives a typical scooter more <a href="/wiki/Unsprung_mass" title="Unsprung mass">unsprung mass</a> than a typical underbone. These factors give a typical underbone better handling than a typical scooter. </p><p>The engine of an underbone typically drives the rear wheel by a chain of the kind used on a conventional motorcycle. This final drive is often concealed by a chain enclosure to keep the chain clean and reduce wear. The final drive of a scooter with a swingarm-mounted engine runs in a sealed oil bath and is shorter. </p><p>An underbone is usually fitted with near full-size motorcycle wheels, which are often spoked. Scooter wheels are usually small, and made from pressed steel. In both cases, more recent examples often have cast alloy wheels. The bigger wheels of an underbone allow more ventilation and better cooling for the brakes than the smaller wheels of a scooter. </p><p>While the engine and suspension layouts described here for scooters and underbones are typical, they are not rigid definitions. There have been scooters with fixed engines and chain drive, and there have been underbones with swingarm-mounted engines. A twenty-first century example of variance from the typical scooter layout is the <a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Choinori" title="Suzuki Choinori">Suzuki Choinori</a>, which had both its engine and its rear axle rigidly bolted to its frame. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Some atypical scooters and underbones</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kymco_Activ.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Kymco Activ underbone. This has a slanted downtube, which defines an underbone, and no foot platform, the presence of which defines a scooter."><img alt="Kymco Activ underbone. This has a slanted downtube, which defines an underbone, and no foot platform, the presence of which defines a scooter." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Kymco_Activ.JPG/300px-Kymco_Activ.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Kymco_Activ.JPG/451px-Kymco_Activ.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Kymco_Activ.JPG/600px-Kymco_Activ.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kymco Activ underbone. This has a slanted downtube, which defines an underbone, and no foot platform, the presence of which defines a scooter.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 174px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 172px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinkel_Tourist_103_A0,_Bj._1956.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1956 Heinkel Tourist. This scooter had a frame-mounted engine and a swingarm with an integral chain enclosure."><img alt="1956 Heinkel Tourist. This scooter had a frame-mounted engine and a swingarm with an integral chain enclosure." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Heinkel_Tourist_103_A0%2C_Bj._1956.jpg/258px-Heinkel_Tourist_103_A0%2C_Bj._1956.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Heinkel_Tourist_103_A0%2C_Bj._1956.jpg/388px-Heinkel_Tourist_103_A0%2C_Bj._1956.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Heinkel_Tourist_103_A0%2C_Bj._1956.jpg/516px-Heinkel_Tourist_103_A0%2C_Bj._1956.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1853" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1956 Heinkel Tourist. This scooter had a frame-mounted engine and a swingarm with an integral chain enclosure.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Honda_NC50_1980_rear.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1980 Honda NC50. This underbone had its engine mounted on its swingarm."><img alt="1980 Honda NC50. This underbone had its engine mounted on its swingarm." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Honda_NC50_1980_rear.jpg/300px-Honda_NC50_1980_rear.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Honda_NC50_1980_rear.jpg/451px-Honda_NC50_1980_rear.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Honda_NC50_1980_rear.jpg/600px-Honda_NC50_1980_rear.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1980 Honda NC50. This underbone had its engine mounted on its swingarm.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Choinori.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Suzuki Choinori. Introduced in 2003, this scooter has no rear suspension. Both its engine and its rear axle are bolted to its frame."><img alt="Suzuki Choinori. Introduced in 2003, this scooter has no rear suspension. Both its engine and its rear axle are bolted to its frame." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Choinori.jpg/300px-Choinori.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Choinori.jpg/451px-Choinori.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Choinori.jpg/600px-Choinori.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Suzuki Choinori. Introduced in 2003, this scooter has no rear suspension. Both its engine and its rear axle are bolted to its frame.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popularity">Popularity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Popularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Motor scooters are very popular in Asia, particularly in countries such as India, Indonesia, The Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Japan and Taiwan where there is local manufacturing. They are also popular in the West, mainly in Europe (particularly Italy and the Mediterranean), but not in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-Brinson2007_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brinson2007-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parking, storage, and traffic issues in crowded cities, along with the easy driving position make them a popular form of urban transportation. In many nations, scooter (and other small motorcycle) sales exceed those of automobiles, and a motor scooter is often the family transport.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Taiwan, road infrastructure has been built specifically with two wheelers in mind, with separate lanes and intersection turn boxes. In Thailand, scooters are used for street to door taxi services, as well as for navigating through heavy traffic. The extensive range of cycle tracks in the Netherlands extends into parts of Belgium and Germany and is open to all small powered two-wheelers. Motor scooters are popular because of their size, <a href="/wiki/Fuel_efficiency" title="Fuel efficiency">fuel-efficiency</a>, weight, and typically larger storage room than a motorcycle. In many localities, certain road motor scooters are considered by law to be in the same class as mopeds or small motorcycles and therefore they have fewer restrictions than do larger motorcycles.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_Industry_Council" title="Motorcycle Industry Council">Motorcycle Industry Council</a>, sales of motor scooters in the United States have more than doubled since 2000. The motorcycle industry as a whole has seen 13 years of consecutive growth. According to council figures, 42,000 scooters were sold in 2000. By 2004, that number increased to 97,000.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scooter sales in 2008 in the United States were up 41% on 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and represented 9% of all powered two-wheeler sales.<sup id="cite_ref-WebBikeWorld09Stats_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WebBikeWorld09Stats-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there was a decrease in US scooter sales in 2009 of 59% against2008, compared with a 41% fall for all powered two-wheelers,<sup id="cite_ref-MotoUSA20100121_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MotoUSA20100121-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the scooter's contribution to total US powered two-wheeler sales in 2009 fell to 6%.<sup id="cite_ref-WebBikeWorld09Stats_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WebBikeWorld09Stats-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a two-year slump, scooter sales in the US rebounded in the first quarter of 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenter2011_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenter2011-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 208px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monsoon_couple_on_motorcycle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bangalore couple on LML Vespa"><img alt="Bangalore couple on LML Vespa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Monsoon_couple_on_motorcycle.jpg/312px-Monsoon_couple_on_motorcycle.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Monsoon_couple_on_motorcycle.jpg/469px-Monsoon_couple_on_motorcycle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Monsoon_couple_on_motorcycle.jpg/624px-Monsoon_couple_on_motorcycle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="739" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bangalore couple on LML Vespa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vespa_in_Trieste.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rider looking for a place at parking lot in Trieste, where use of a scooter in city transport is among highest in Italy.[citation needed]"><img alt="Rider looking for a place at parking lot in Trieste, where use of a scooter in city transport is among highest in Italy.[citation needed]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Vespa_in_Trieste.jpg/216px-Vespa_in_Trieste.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Vespa_in_Trieste.jpg/325px-Vespa_in_Trieste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Vespa_in_Trieste.jpg/432px-Vespa_in_Trieste.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="2654" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rider looking for a place at parking lot in <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, where use of a scooter in city transport is among highest in Italy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BinjaiStation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Motor scooter parking lot"><img alt="Motor scooter parking lot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/BinjaiStation.jpg/300px-BinjaiStation.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/BinjaiStation.jpg/451px-BinjaiStation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/BinjaiStation.jpg/600px-BinjaiStation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Motor scooter parking lot</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A common reference for the glamorous image of scooters is <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Holiday" title="Roman Holiday">Roman Holiday</a></i>, a 1953 romantic comedy in which <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> carries <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> around Rome on a Vespa.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BuffaloNewsOldNew_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BuffaloNewsOldNew-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1960s <a href="/wiki/Mod_(subculture)" title="Mod (subculture)">mod subculture</a>, some members of this British youth cult used motorscooters for transportation, usually Vespas or Lambrettas. Scooters had provided inexpensive transportation for decades before the development of the mod subculture, but the mods stood out in the way that they treated the vehicle as a fashion accessory, expressed through clubs such as the <a href="/wiki/Ace_of_Herts" title="Ace of Herts">Ace of Herts</a>. Italian scooters were preferred for their cleanlined, curving shapes and gleaming <a href="/wiki/Chrome_plating" title="Chrome plating">chrome</a>. For young mods, Italian scooters were the "embodiment of continental style and a way to escape the working-class row houses of their upbringing".<sup id="cite_ref-straight.com_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-straight.com-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They customized their scooters by painting them in "two-tone and <a href="/wiki/Candy_Apple_Red" class="mw-redirect" title="Candy Apple Red">candyflake</a> and overaccessorized [them] with luggage racks, crash bars, and scores of mirrors and fog lights",<sup id="cite_ref-straight.com_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-straight.com-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they often put their names on the small windscreen. Engine side panels and front bumpers were taken to local electroplating workshops and plated with highly reflective chrome. </p><p>Scooters were also a practical and accessible form of transportation for 1960s teens. In the early 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a> stopped relatively early in the night, and so having scooters allowed mods to stay out all night at dance clubs. To keep their expensive suits clean and keep warm while riding, mods often wore long army parkas. For teens with low-end jobs, scooters were cheaper than cars, and they could be bought on a payment plan through newly available <a href="/wiki/Hire_purchase" title="Hire purchase">hire purchase</a> plans. After a law was passed requiring at least one mirror be attached to every motorcycle, mods were known to add four, ten, or as many as 30 mirrors to their scooters. The cover of <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a>'s album <i><a href="/wiki/Quadrophenia" title="Quadrophenia">Quadrophenia</a></i>, which includes themes related to mods and <a href="/wiki/Rocker_(subculture)" title="Rocker (subculture)">rockers</a>, depicts a young man on a Vespa GS with four mirrors attached.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The album spawned a <a href="/wiki/Quadrophenia_(film)" title="Quadrophenia (film)">1979 motion picture of the same name</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Scooterboy" title="Scooterboy">Scooterboy</a> magazines include the British monthly magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Scootering_(British_magazine)" title="Scootering (British magazine)">Scootering</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the American quarterly magazine <i>Scoot!</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 191.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 189.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Mods_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mods on a scooter"><img alt="Mods on a scooter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Old_Mods_photo.jpg/284px-Old_Mods_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Old_Mods_photo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="281" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mod_(subculture)" title="Mod (subculture)">Mods</a> on a scooter</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scooter_rally,_Smallbrook,_IW,_UK.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scooter rally at Smallbrook Stadium, Isle of Wight"><img alt="Scooter rally at Smallbrook Stadium, Isle of Wight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Scooter_rally%2C_Smallbrook%2C_IW%2C_UK.jpg/301px-Scooter_rally%2C_Smallbrook%2C_IW%2C_UK.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Scooter_rally%2C_Smallbrook%2C_IW%2C_UK.jpg/452px-Scooter_rally%2C_Smallbrook%2C_IW%2C_UK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Scooter_rally%2C_Smallbrook%2C_IW%2C_UK.jpg/602px-Scooter_rally%2C_Smallbrook%2C_IW%2C_UK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2264" data-file-height="1694" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Scooter <a href="/wiki/Rallying" title="Rallying">rally</a> at <a href="/wiki/Smallbrook_Stadium" title="Smallbrook Stadium">Smallbrook Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Auto rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutdown" title="Cutdown">Cutdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_gas-powered_scooter#Conversion_kits_for_petrol_scooters" title="Fuel gas-powered scooter">Fuel conversion kits for scooters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_motor_scooter_manufacturers_and_brands" title="List of motor scooter manufacturers and brands">List of motor scooter manufacturers and brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scooters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of scooters">List of scooters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_per_gallon_gasoline_equivalent" title="Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent">Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobility_scooter" title="Mobility scooter">Mobility scooter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorized_wheelchair" title="Motorized wheelchair">Motorized wheelchair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segway_PT" class="mw-redirect" title="Segway PT">Segway PT</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717152651/http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?262141">"business.outlookindia.com | Women On Wheels"</a>. 2011-07-17. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?262141">the original</a> on 2011-07-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=business.outlookindia.com+%7C+Women+On+Wheels&rft.date=2011-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.outlookindia.com%2Farticle.aspx%3F262141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ScooterDefinition-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ScooterDefinition_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Various scooter definitions: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary</i> (third ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 1968 [1956]. pp. 1808–09. <q><b>3.</b> A child's toy consisting of a narrow flat piece of wood on low wheels, with a steering-handle, propelled by pushing with one foot on the ground; also, a similar machine propelled by a motor</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shorter+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=1808-09&rft.edition=third&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGove1966" class="citation book cs1">Gove, Philip Babcock, ed. (1966). <i>Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged</i>. Springfield, Mass. USA: G & C Merriam. pp. 1476, 2035. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7135-1037-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7135-1037-4"><bdi>0-7135-1037-4</bdi></a>. <q>a low 2- or 3-wheeled automotive vehicle resembling a child's scooter, having a seat so that the rider does not straddle the engine, sometimes having a parcel compartment, but having smaller wheels and being less powerful than a motorcycle.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+Third+New+International+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language%2C+Unabridged&rft.place=Springfield%2C+Mass.+USA&rft.pages=1476%2C+2035&rft.pub=G+%26+C+Merriam&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=0-7135-1037-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/webstersnewtwent00webs_0/page/1625"><i>Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary</i></a>. Cleveland OH USA: The World Publishing Company. 1970. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/webstersnewtwent00webs_0/page/1625">1625</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-529-04852-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-529-04852-3"><bdi>0-529-04852-3</bdi></a>. <q><b>1.</b> a child's vehicle, consisting of a low, narrow footboard with a wheel at each end, the front one attached to a handlebar for steering: it is moved by a series of pushes made by one foot against the ground. <b>2.</b> a somewhat similar vehicle equipped with a seat and propelled by a small internal-combustion engine: in full <i>motor scooter</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+New+Twentieth+Century+Dictionary&rft.place=Cleveland+OH+USA&rft.pages=1625&rft.pub=The+World+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-529-04852-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwebstersnewtwent00webs_0%2Fpage%2F1625&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Living Webster Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English Language</i>. The English Language Institute of America. 1973. p. 624. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8326-0001-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8326-0001-6"><bdi>0-8326-0001-6</bdi></a>. <q><b>motor scooter</b>, <i>n</i> A scooter like vehicle usu. having two wheels separated by a low footboard, and equipped with a motor and a seat for the driver</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Living+Webster+Encyclopedic+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.pages=624&rft.pub=The+English+Language+Institute+of+America&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-8326-0001-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Collins English Dictionary and Thesaurus</i> (3rd ed.). Glasgow: Harper Collins Publications. 2004. p. 776. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-718139-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-718139-6"><bdi>0-00-718139-6</bdi></a>. <q><b>motor scooter</b> <i>n</i> a light motorcycle with small wheels and an enclosed engine. Often shortened to <i>scooter</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collins+English+Dictionary+and+Thesaurus&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pages=776&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Harper+Collins+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-00-718139-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chambersconcised0000unse/page/1084"><i>Chambers Concise Dictionary</i></a>. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrup Publishers. 2004. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chambersconcised0000unse/page/1084">1084</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-550-10072-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-550-10072-5"><bdi>0-550-10072-5</bdi></a>. <q><b>2.</b> (<i>in full</i> <b>motor scooter</b>) a small-wheeled motorcycle with a protective front shield curving back to form a support for the feet</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chambers+Concise+Dictionary&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=1084&rft.pub=Chambers+Harrup+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-550-10072-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchambersconcised0000unse%2Fpage%2F1084&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>World Book Dictionary</i>. World Book. 2005. p. 1356. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7166-0105-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7166-0105-2"><bdi>0-7166-0105-2</bdi></a>. <q><b>motor scooter</b>: A vehicle like a child's scooter, except that the driver is seated. It is run by a motor.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Book+Dictionary&rft.pages=1356&rft.pub=World+Book&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7166-0105-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090126055757/http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/rules-regulations/administration/fmcsr/fmcsrruletext.asp?section=571.123">"DOT Regulation Part 571.123: Standard No. 123; Motorcycle controls and displays"</a>. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/rules-regulations/administration/fmcsr/fmcsrruletext.asp?section=571.123">the original</a> on 2009-01-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOT+Regulation+Part+571.123%3A+Standard+No.+123%3B+Motorcycle+controls+and+displays.&rft.pub=Federal+Motor+Carrier+Safety+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fmcsa.dot.gov%2Frules-regulations%2Fadministration%2Ffmcsr%2Ffmcsrruletext.asp%3Fsection%3D571.123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/rules/import/FAQ%20Site/pages/page3.html#Anchor-52644">"Importation and Certification FAQ's Directory-Motorcycles and Scooters"</a>. Nhtsa.dot.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"The Directory of Motorcycles". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00wils_1"><i>The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle</i></a></span>. London: Dorling Kindersley. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00wils_1/page/243">243</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7513-0206-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7513-0206-6"><bdi>0-7513-0206-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Directory+of+Motorcycles&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Motorcycle&rft.place=London&rft.pages=243&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-7513-0206-6&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofmo00wils_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EncycloMoto1919_20-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EncycloMoto1919_20_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1995" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Hugo (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00wils_1"><i>The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle</i></a></span>. London: Dorling Kindersley. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00wils_1/page/170">170</a> (Skootamota), 222 (Kenilworth), 159, 228 (Reynolds Runabout), 231 (Unibus). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7513-0206-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7513-0206-6"><bdi>0-7513-0206-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Motorcycle&rft.place=London&rft.pages=170+%28Skootamota%29%2C+222+%28Kenilworth%29%2C+159%2C+228+%28Reynolds+Runabout%29%2C+231+%28Unibus%29&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-7513-0206-6&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofmo00wils_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MotorScootersMikeWebster-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MotorScootersMikeWebster_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MotorScootersMikeWebster_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MotorScootersMikeWebster_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MotorScootersMikeWebster_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MotorScootersMikeWebster_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebster2008" class="citation book cs1">Webster, Michael (2008) [1986]. "The early years". <i>Motor Scooters</i>. Shire Album Series, volume 181 (2 ed.). Shire Books. pp. 6–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7478-0668-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7478-0668-4"><bdi>978-0-7478-0668-4</bdi></a>. <q>At £99 15s the Unibus was too expensive and, whilst it deserved to succeed, it was too far ahead of its time to be appreciated fully. The general public had also become extremely wary about scooters as more than a dozen models had been rushed on to the market since 1918 and many of these were crude, uncomfortable and difficult to handle.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+early+years&rft.btitle=Motor+Scooters&rft.series=Shire+Album+Series%2C+volume+181&rft.pages=6-7&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Shire+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7478-0668-4&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2015" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Jason (31 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scooterscouter.com/evolution-of-the-electric-motor-scooter/">"Evolution of the Electric Motor Scooter"</a>. <i>Scooter Scouter</i>. Scooter<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scooter+Scouter&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+the+Electric+Motor+Scooter&rft.date=2015-10-31&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscooterscouter.com%2Fevolution-of-the-electric-motor-scooter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EncycloMoto159-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EncycloMoto159_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncycloMoto159_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1995" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Hugo (1995). "The A-Z of Motorcycles". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00wils_1"><i>The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle</i></a></span>. London: Dorling Kindersley. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00wils_1/page/159">159</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7513-0206-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7513-0206-6"><bdi>0-7513-0206-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+A-Z+of+Motorcycles&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Motorcycle&rft.place=London&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-7513-0206-6&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofmo00wils_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ScooterManiacUnibus-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ScooterManiacUnibus_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scootermaniac.org/index.php?op=modele&cle=584">"ScooterManiac - Gloucester Aircraft Co. Unibus"</a>. <i>scootermaniac.org</i>. Florian JACQUET, webmaster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scootermaniac.org&rft.atitle=ScooterManiac+-+Gloucester+Aircraft+Co.+Unibus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scootermaniac.org%2Findex.php%3Fop%3Dmodele%26cle%3D584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ClassicMotorcyclesSkootamota-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ClassicMotorcyclesSkootamota_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGary1995" class="citation book cs1">Gary, Johnstone (1995) [1993]. "Scooter Mania". <i>Classic Motorcycles</i>. Twickenham, U.K.: Tiger Books International. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85501-731-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85501-731-8"><bdi>1-85501-731-8</bdi></a>. <q>But the technology of the time could not create a sufficiently strong structure that would resist torsional stress, so the machines were difficult to handle. Such machines were seen by "purists" as playthings, an adjunct to mainstream motorcycles. The bigotry persisted even if the scooters did not.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Scooter+Mania&rft.btitle=Classic+Motorcycles&rft.place=Twickenham%2C+U.K.&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Tiger+Books+International&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-85501-731-8&rft.aulast=Gary&rft.aufirst=Johnstone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salsburyscooters.com/manuals.html">"Salisbury Manual Archive"</a>. <i>Salisbury Scooters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salisbury+Scooters&rft.atitle=Salisbury+Manual+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salsburyscooters.com%2Fmanuals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ScootersRedWhiteBlue-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ScootersRedWhiteBlue_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ScootersRedWhiteBlue_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShattuckPeterson2005" class="citation book cs1">Shattuck, Colin; Peterson, Eric (2005). "Chapter 1: The Evolution of a Revolution". <i>Scooters: Red Eyes, Whitewalls and Blue Smoke</i>. Foreword by Michael and Eric Dregni. Speck Press. pp. 14–16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9725776-3-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9725776-3-7"><bdi>0-9725776-3-7</bdi></a>. <q>And the CVT's legacy lives on. Almost every new scooter built today uses Salsbury's basic design.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%3A+The+Evolution+of+a+Revolution&rft.btitle=Scooters%3A+Red+Eyes%2C+Whitewalls+and+Blue+Smoke&rft.pages=14-16&rft.pub=Speck+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-9725776-3-7&rft.aulast=Shattuck&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.au=Peterson%2C+Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CulturalHistory-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CulturalHistory_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Anne_Long1998" class="citation web cs1">Mary Anne Long (1998-12-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717194516/http://www.vespaclubvolos.com/Scooter_History_1_.pdf">"From Scooter to Scooterist: A Cultural History of the Italian Motorscooter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vespaclubvolos.com/Scooter_History_1_.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-07-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Scooter+to+Scooterist%3A+A+Cultural+History+of+the+Italian+Motorscooter&rft.date=1998-12-17&rft.au=Mary+Anne+Long&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vespaclubvolos.com%2FScooter_History_1_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EncycloMoto269-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EncycloMoto269_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1995" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Hugo (1995). "The Directory of Motorcycles". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00wils_1"><i>The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle</i></a></span>. London: Dorling Kindersley. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00wils_1/page/269">269</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7513-0206-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7513-0206-6"><bdi>0-7513-0206-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Directory+of+Motorcycles&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Motorcycle&rft.place=London&rft.pages=269&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-7513-0206-6&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofmo00wils_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OliveDrabCushma53-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OliveDrabCushma53_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olive-drab.com/idphoto/id_photos_cushman_53.php">"Olive-Drab: Cushman Model 53 Airborne Scooter (G-683)"</a>. Olive-Drab.com LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-02-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olive-Drab%3A+Cushman+Model+53+Airborne+Scooter+%28G-683%29&rft.pub=Olive-Drab.com+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olive-drab.com%2Fidphoto%2Fid_photos_cushman_53.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1942MDL32-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1942MDL32_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell1995" class="citation web cs1">Powell, Larry (August–September 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gasenginemagazine.com/company-history/cushman-military-scooters.aspx">"Cushman Military Scooters"</a>. <i>Gas Engine Magazine</i>. Topeka, Kansas: Ogden Publications. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221074037/http://www.gasenginemagazine.com/company-history/cushman-military-scooters.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gas+Engine+Magazine&rft.atitle=Cushman+Military+Scooters&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1995-08%2F1995-09&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gasenginemagazine.com%2Fcompany-history%2Fcushman-military-scooters.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EncycloMoto165-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EncycloMoto165_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1995" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Hugo (1995). "The A-Z of Motorcycles". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00wils_1"><i>The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle</i></a></span>. London: Dorling Kindersley. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00wils_1/page/165">165</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7513-0206-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7513-0206-6"><bdi>0-7513-0206-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+A-Z+of+Motorcycles&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Motorcycle&rft.place=London&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-7513-0206-6&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofmo00wils_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EncycloMoto44-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EncycloMoto44_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1995" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Hugo (1995). "The A-Z of Motorcycles". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00wils_1"><i>The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle</i></a></span>. London: Dorling Kindersley. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00wils_1/page/44">44</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7513-0206-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7513-0206-6"><bdi>0-7513-0206-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+A-Z+of+Motorcycles&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Motorcycle&rft.place=London&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-7513-0206-6&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofmo00wils_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HowStuffWorks-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HowStuffWorks_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auto.howstuffworks.com/1963-harley-davidson-topper.htm">"How Stuff Works: 1963 Harley-Davidson Topper"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HowStuffWorks" title="HowStuffWorks">HowStuffWorks</a>. 2007-09-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fujirabbit.com/pages/frame_history.html">the original</a> on 2008-12-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fujirabbit.com&rft.atitle=Fuji+Rabbit+Scooters+-+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fujirabbit.com%2Fpages%2Fframe_history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FujiRabbitMicroMuseum-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FujiRabbitMicroMuseum_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://microcarmuseum.com/tour/fujirabbit.html">"The Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum - 1968 Fuji Rabbit"</a>. <i>microcarmuseum.com</i>. Madison, GA, USA. 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=microcarmuseum.com&rft.atitle=The+Bruce+Weiner+Microcar+Museum+-+1968+Fuji+Rabbit&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmicrocarmuseum.com%2Ftour%2Ffujirabbit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MitsuMuseumC10-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MitsuMuseumC10_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111105224715/http://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/corporate/museum/autogallery/e/history/pigeon_c10.html">"Mitsubishi Motors Silver Pigeon C10 - 1946"</a>. <i>mitsubishi-motors.com</i>. 2003. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fujirabbit.com&rft.atitle=Fuji+Rabbit+Scooters+-+Introduction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fujirabbit.com%2Fpages%2Fframe_history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FRdcTorConOil-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FRdcTorConOil_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fujirabbit.com/pages/Tech_fluids.html">"Fuji Rabbit Scooters - Tech - Fluids"</a>. <i>fujirabbit.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fujirabbit.com&rft.atitle=Fuji+Rabbit+Scooters+-+Tech+-+Fluids&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fujirabbit.com%2Fpages%2FTech_fluids.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna7762195">"La dolce vita, all over again"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=La+dolce+vita%2C+all+over+again&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna7762195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MilansinceMiracle-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MilansinceMiracle_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoot2001" class="citation book cs1">Foot, John (2001-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YzdRxQwiK6sC&pg=PA109">"6: Capital of Design, Capital of Fashion"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YzdRxQwiK6sC"><i>Milan since the Miracle: City, Culture and Identity</i></a>. Berg. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85973-550-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85973-550-9"><bdi>1-85973-550-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-14</span></span>. <q>Milan's scooter was the Lambretta, produced in the vast Innocenti complex in Lambrate, to the east of the city (hence the name) using Fordist production techniques (100 scooters a day were being produced by 1948, although the first models were made without a production line).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6%3A+Capital+of+Design%2C+Capital+of+Fashion&rft.btitle=Milan+since+the+Miracle%3A+City%2C+Culture+and+Identity&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Berg&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.isbn=1-85973-550-9&rft.aulast=Foot&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYzdRxQwiK6sC%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ClassicMoto79-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ClassicMoto79_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnstone1993" class="citation book cs1">Johnstone, Gary (1993). <i>Classic Motorcycles</i>. Tiger Books International. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85501-731-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85501-731-8"><bdi>1-85501-731-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classic+Motorcycles&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Tiger+Books+International&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=1-85501-731-8&rft.aulast=Johnstone&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CoF_Heinkel-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CoF_Heinkel_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeppenheimer" class="citation web cs1">Heppenheimer, T.A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101006084403/http://centennialofflight.gov/essay/Aerospace/Heinkel/Aero57.htm">"U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission - Heinkel Aircraft Works"</a>. <i>centennialofflight.gov</i>. U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Aerospace/Heinkel/Aero57.htm">the original</a> on 2010-10-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-03</span></span>. <q>After the war, Germany again saw its aviation industry dismantled. Heinkel kept his company in business by building bicycles and motorbikes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=centennialofflight.gov&rft.atitle=U.S.+Centennial+of+Flight+Commission+-+Heinkel+Aircraft+Works&rft.aulast=Heppenheimer&rft.aufirst=T.A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centennialofflight.gov%2Fessay%2FAerospace%2FHeinkel%2FAero57.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IstDasNicht163-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IstDasNicht163_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner1973" class="citation journal cs1">Wagner, Carl (1973). Vorderman, Don (ed.). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Ist das nicht ein Kabinenroller?" "Ja! das ist ein Kabinenroller!" Carl Wagner takes off on Messerschmitt". <i>Automobile Quarterly</i>. <b>11</b> (2 – Second Quarter). New York: 163. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/62004005">62004005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Automobile+Quarterly&rft.atitle=%22Ist+das+nicht+ein+Kabinenroller%3F%22+%22Ja%21+das+ist+ein+Kabinenroller%21%22+Carl+Wagner+takes+off+on+Messerschmitt&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2+%E2%80%93+Second+Quarter&rft.pages=163&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F62004005&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EncycloMoto244-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EncycloMoto244_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1995" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Hugo (1995). "The Directory of Motorcycles". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00wils_1"><i>The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle</i></a></span>. London: Dorling Kindersley. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00wils_1/page/244">244</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7513-0206-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7513-0206-6"><bdi>0-7513-0206-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Directory+of+Motorcycles&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Motorcycle&rft.place=London&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-7513-0206-6&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofmo00wils_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EncycloMoto239-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EncycloMoto239_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1995" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Hugo (1995). 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Solihull, UK<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National+Motorcycle+Museum&rft.atitle=1959+250cc+Triumph+TW2+Tigress+Twin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalmotorcyclemuseum.co.uk%2Fmuseum%2Fexhibits%2FTriumph%2F1959-250cc-Triumph-TW2-Tigress-Twin-%2F45%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (August 2021)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vorontsov, A., Pevzner, Ye., Dolnikov, D., Popov, A., Sazonov, R. (2003) <i>Entscyklopediya mototsyklov</i>. Moscow: Za rulom. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-85907-340-2" title="Special:BookSources/5-85907-340-2">5-85907-340-2</a>. p. 130, 499 <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vorontsov, A., Pevzner, Ye., Dolnikov, D., Popov, A., Sazonov, R. (2003) <i>Entscyklopediya mototsyklov</i>. Moscow: Za rulom. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-85907-340-2" title="Special:BookSources/5-85907-340-2">5-85907-340-2</a>. p. 221 <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vorontsov, A., Pevzner, Ye., Dolnikov, D., Popov, A., Sazonov, R. (2003) <i>Entscyklopediya mototsyklov</i>. 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Warsaw: Demart. p. 146-148. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-7427-484-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-7427-484-5">978-83-7427-484-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vorontsov, A., Pevzner, Ye., Dolnikov, D., Popov, A., Sazonov, R. (2003) <i>Entscyklopediya mototsyklov</i>. 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Bend Bulletin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Old+and+new%2C+museum+highlights+scooters+and+their+quirks&rft.date=2011-06-19&rft.au=Nick+Kurczewski%2FNew+York+Times+News+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bendbulletin.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F20110619%2FNEWS0107%2F106190358%2F0%2FNEWS01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-straight.com-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-straight.com_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-straight.com_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarti2004" class="citation web cs1">Sarti, Doug (June 3, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straight.com/article/vespa-scoots-sexily-back-to-vancouver">"Vespa Scoots Sexily Back to Vancouver"</a>. <i>straight.com</i>. Vancouver, Canada: Vancouver Free Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110522112423/http://www.straight.com/article/vespa-scoots-sexily-back-to-vancouver">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-05-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-06</span></span>. <q>The scooter, to them, was the embodiment of continental style and a way to escape the working-class row houses of their upbringing.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=straight.com&rft.atitle=Vespa+Scoots+Sexily+Back+to+Vancouver&rft.date=2004-06-03&rft.aulast=Sarti&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straight.com%2Farticle%2Fvespa-scoots-sexily-back-to-vancouver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownsend1973" class="citation book cs1">Townsend, Pete (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7r3PSgAACAAJ&q=quadrophenia"><i>Quadrophenia</i></a>. London: Fabulous Music Ltd., 1973. p. 40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quadrophenia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Fabulous+Music+Ltd.%2C+1973&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Townsend&rft.aufirst=Pete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7r3PSgAACAAJ%26q%3Dquadrophenia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillardBrownStuart_Lanning1986" class="citation journal cs1">Gillard, Andy; Brown, Gareth; Stuart Lanning (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mortonsmediagroup.com/media/sco.asp#ratecardia">"Scootering"</a>. <i>Scootering</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scootering&rft.atitle=Scootering&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Gillard&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft.au=Brown%2C+Gareth&rft.au=Stuart+Lanning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mortonsmediagroup.com%2Fmedia%2Fsco.asp%23ratecardia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitneyRogersZornEarls1995" class="citation journal cs1">Whitney, April; Rogers, Josh; Zorn, Mike; Earls, Casey; Synoground, Barry (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517035608/http://www.scootmagazine.com/">"Scoot!"</a>. <i>Scoot!</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scootmagazine.com/">the original</a> on 2008-05-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scoot%21&rft.atitle=Scoot%21&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=April&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Josh&rft.au=Zorn%2C+Mike&rft.au=Earls%2C+Casey&rft.au=Synoground%2C+Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scootmagazine.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScooter+%28motorcycle%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scooter_(motorcycle)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Universal_Japanese_Motorcycle" title="Universal Japanese Motorcycle">Universal Japanese Motorcycle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_motorcycle" title="Custom motorcycle">Custom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobber_(motorcycle)" title="Bobber (motorcycle)">Bobber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_racer" title="Café racer">Café racer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(motorcycle)" title="Chopper (motorcycle)">Chopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutdown" title="Cutdown">Cutdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_bike" title="Rat bike">Rat bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streetfighter_(motorcycle)" title="Streetfighter (motorcycle)">Streetfighter</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dual-sport_motorcycle" title="Dual-sport motorcycle">Dual-sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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title="Minibike">Minibike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_chopper" title="Mini chopper">Mini chopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moped" title="Moped">Moped</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sport_moped" title="Sport moped">Sport moped</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_bike" title="Pit bike">Pit bike</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scooter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underbone" title="Underbone">Underbone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electric_motorcycles_and_scooters" title="Electric motorcycles and scooters">Electric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_dragbike" title="Electric dragbike">Electric dragbike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TTXGP" title="TTXGP">TTXGP race class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TT_Zero" title="TT Zero">TT Zero race class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emergency services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_ambulance" title="Motorcycle ambulance">Ambulance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_bike" title="Blood bike">Blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_motorcycle" title="Fire motorcycle">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_motorcycle" title="Police motorcycle">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabin_motorcycle" title="Cabin motorcycle">Cabin motorcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derny" title="Derny">Derny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feet_forwards_motorcycle" title="Feet forwards motorcycle">Feet forwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearse#Motorcycle_hearses" title="Hearse">Motorcycle hearse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_taxi" title="Motorcycle taxi">Taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorized_tricycle" title="Motorized tricycle">Trike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamlined_motorcycle" title="Streamlined motorcycle">Streamliner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span>  <a 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aria-labelledby="Private_transport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Private_transport" title="Template:Private transport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Private_transport" title="Template talk:Private transport"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Private_transport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Private transport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Private_transport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Private_transport" title="Private transport">Private transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorized vehicular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorboat" title="Motorboat">Motorboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">Electric bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_skateboard" title="Electric skateboard">Electric skateboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">Hovercraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">Motorcycle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moped" title="Moped">Moped</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scooter (motorcycle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobility_scooter" title="Mobility scooter">Mobility scooter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_jet" class="mw-redirect" title="Private jet">Private jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_ship" title="Motor ship">Motor ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorized_wheelchair" title="Motorized wheelchair">Motorized wheelchair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_railroad_car" title="Private railroad car">Private railroad car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">Private spaceflight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-motorized vehicular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">Bicycle</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pack_animal" title="Pack animal">Pack animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_skating" title="Roller skating">Roller skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kick_scooter" title="Kick scooter">Scooter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skateboard" title="Skateboard">Skateboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair" title="Wheelchair">Wheelchair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse-drawn_vehicle" title="Horse-drawn vehicle">Horse-drawn vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_air_balloon" title="Hot air balloon">Hot air balloon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_for_hire" title="Vehicle for hire">Vehicles for hire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_rental" title="Car rental">Car rental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Auto rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boda-boda" class="mw-redirect" title="Boda-boda">Boda-boda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondola" title="Gondola">Gondola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_carriage" title="Hackney carriage">Hackney carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_taxi" title="Motorcycle taxi">Motorcycle taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratransit" title="Paratransit">Paratransit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulled_rickshaw" title="Pulled rickshaw">Pulled rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Ridesharing company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Share taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">Taxicab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shared</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shared_transport" title="Shared transport">Shared transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsharing" title="Carsharing">Carsharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpool" title="Carpool">Carpooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_jockey" title="Car jockey">Car jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_carpooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexible carpooling">Flexible carpooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Peer-to-peer ridesharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slugging" title="Slugging">Slugging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanpool" title="Vanpool">Vanpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">Bicycle-sharing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non vehicular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_skate" title="Ice skate">Ice skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inline_skates" title="Inline skates">Inline skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">Running</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stair_Climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Stair Climbing">Stair Climbing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming" title="Swimming">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking" title="Walking">Walking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stair_Climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Stair Climbing">Stair Climbing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">Public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_public_transport" title="Personal public transport">Personal public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modal_share" title="Modal share">Modal share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Motorroller"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4040406-7">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Motor scooters"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85087588">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Scooters"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12047092f">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Scooters"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12047092f">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="skútry"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph352421&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007546043905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028686039">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> 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