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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">хумих</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Эхлэл</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Түүх" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Түүх"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Түүх</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Түүх-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Геологийн_тулгуур_ойлголтууд" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Геологийн_тулгуур_ойлголтууд"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Геологийн тулгуур ойлголтууд</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Геологийн_тулгуур_ойлголтууд-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Геологийн_шинжлэх_ухааны_зарим_салбарууд" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Геологийн_шинжлэх_ухааны_зарим_салбарууд"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Геологийн шинжлэх ухааны зарим салбарууд</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Геологийн_шинжлэх_ухааны_зарим_салбарууд-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Бусад_холбоотой_сэдвүүд" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Бусад_холбоотой_сэдвүүд"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Бусад холбоотой сэдвүүд</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Бусад_холбоотой_сэдвүүд-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Гадны_холбоос" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гадны_холбоос"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Гадны холбоос</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гадны_холбоос-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Гарчиг" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Гарчигийг нээж хаах" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Гарчигийг нээж хаах</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Геологи</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 188 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-188" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">188 хэлээр</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – швейцари-герман" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцари-герман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%AC%E1%89%B5_%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%93%E1%89%B5_(%E1%8C%82%E1%8B%AE%E1%88%8E%E1%8C%82)" title="መሬት ጥናት (ጂዮሎጂ) – амхар" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መሬት ጥናት (ጂዮሎጂ)" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheoloch%C3%ADa" title="Cheolochía – арагон" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cheolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूविज्ञान – ангик" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भूविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангик" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جيولوجيا – араб" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيولوجيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جيولوجيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جيولوجيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جيولوجيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيولوجيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeolox%C3%ADa" title="Xeoloxía – астури" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xeoloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астури" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologiya" title="Geologiya – азербайжан" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Geologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайжан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="ژئولوژی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژئولوژی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – башкир" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкир" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geuoluog%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Geuoluogėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Geuoluogėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heolohiya" title="Heolohiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Heolohiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геалогія – беларусь" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Геалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусь" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геалёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Геалёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – болгар" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूबिज्ञान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भूबिज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jialoji" title="Jialoji – бислам" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jialoji" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="бислам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဘူမိဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဘူမိဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="ভূতত্ত্ব – бенгал" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভূতত্ত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douarouriezh" title="Douarouriezh – бретон" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Douarouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija – босни" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Geologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босни" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – каталан" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AA-c%C3%A9k" title="Dê-cék – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dê-cék" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%95%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زەویناسی – төв курд" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زەویناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="төв курд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolugia" title="Geolugia – корсик" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Geolugia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсик" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologiya" title="Geologiya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Geologiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – чех" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Геологи – чуваш" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Геологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daeareg" title="Daeareg – уэльс" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Daeareg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уэльс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – дани" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – герман" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="герман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B6%C3%B6ck%C3%A4t%C3%B6upiny" title="Piööckätöupiny – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piööckätöupiny" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%AAolociye" title="Cêolociye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cêolociye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γεωλογία – грек" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωλογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolog%C3%AE" title="Geologî – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Geologî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology" title="Geology – англи" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Geology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologio" title="Geologio – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Geologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolog%C3%ADa" title="Geología – испани" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Geología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoloogia" title="Geoloogia – эстони" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Geoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстони" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – баск" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زمین‌شناسی – перс" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زمین‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="перс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – фин" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoloogia" title="Geoloogia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Geoloogia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0fr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Jarðfrøði – фарер" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jarðfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарер" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie" title="Géologie – франц" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Géologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франц" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C2%B7eologia" title="G·eologia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="G·eologia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologii" title="Geologii – хойд фриз" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Geologii" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="хойд фриз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeologjie" title="Gjeologjie – фриулан" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gjeologjie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фриулан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology" title="Geology – баруун фриз" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Geology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="баруун фриз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geola%C3%ADocht" title="Geolaíocht – ирланд" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Geolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9oloji" title="Jéoloji – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Jéoloji" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge%C3%B2las" title="Geòlas – шотландын гел" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Geòlas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландын гел" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeolox%C3%ADa" title="Xeoloxía – галего" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xeoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галего" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvyrekokuaa" title="Yvyrekokuaa – гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvyrekokuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmin_duwatsu" title="Ilmin duwatsu – хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ilmin duwatsu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huli_honua" title="Huli honua – хавай" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Huli honua" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="хавай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="גאולוגיה – еврей" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גאולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="еврей" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूविज्ञान – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भूविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology" title="Geology – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Geology" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija – хорват" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Geologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewoloji" title="Jewoloji – Гаитийн креол" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jewoloji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Гаитийн креол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geol%C3%B3gia" title="Geológia – мажар" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Geológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="мажар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Երկրաբանություն – армен" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկրաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армен" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – интерлингво" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингво" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – ибан" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ибан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – индонези" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонези" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – нэгдмэл хэл" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="нэгдмэл хэл" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heolohia" title="Heolohia – илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Heolohia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologio" title="Geologio – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Geologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0fr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Jarðfræði – исланд" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jarðfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – итали" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%A6" title="地質学 – япон" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地質学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaaloji" title="Jaaloji – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Jaaloji" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ligytedyske" title="ligytedyske – ложбан" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ligytedyske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ologi" title="Géologi – ява" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Géologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ява" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გეოლოგია – гүрж" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გეოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="гүрж" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologiya" title="Geologiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Geologiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – казах" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казах" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunarsualerineq" title="Nunarsualerineq – калалисут" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Nunarsualerineq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="калалисут" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="ធរណីវិទ្យា – кхмер" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ធរណីវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмер" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭೂರಚನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೂರಚನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88%ED%95%99" title="지질학 – солонгос" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지질학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="солонгос" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdnas%C3%AE" title="Erdnasî – курд" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Erdnasî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dororieth" title="Dororieth – корн" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dororieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корн" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – киргиз" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргиз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – латин" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeolojiya" title="Jeolojiya – ладин" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Jeolojiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – люксембург" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембург" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – лезги" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезги" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeolojia" title="Jeolojia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Jeolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – лимбург" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбург" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geulugia" title="Geulugia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Geulugia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9bi_mak%C9%9B%CC%81l%C9%9B" title="Zébi makɛ́lɛ – лингала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zébi makɛ́lɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ທໍລະນີສາດ – лаос" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທໍລະນີສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаос" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija – литва" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Geologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A2eolo%C4%A3ija" title="Ģeoloģija – латви" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ģeoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латви" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Геологиясь – мокша" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Геологиясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокша" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C3%B4l%C3%B4jia" title="Jeôlôjia – малагаси" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jeôlôjia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагаси" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Геологий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Геологий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81tai_aro_whenua" title="Tātai aro whenua – маори" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tātai aro whenua" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="маори" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Геологија – македон" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Геологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഭൂഗർഭശാസ്ത്രം – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൂഗർഭശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भूशास्त्र – марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भूशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – малай" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0eolo%C4%A1ija" title="Ġeoloġija – малта" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġeoloġija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="малта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – меранди" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="меранди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဘူမိဗေဒ – бирм" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘူမိဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирм" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%B1_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7" title="زمین درست کر چیزها – мазандерани" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="زمین درست کر چیزها" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандерани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tl%C4%81lmatiliztli" title="Tlālmatiliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlālmatiliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuloggia" title="Giuloggia – неаполитан" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Giuloggia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="неаполитан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – доод герман" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="доод герман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूविज्ञान – балба" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भूविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="балба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भूगर्भशास्त्र – невари" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भूगर्भशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="невари" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – нидерланд" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – норвегийн нинорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвегийн нинорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – норвегийн букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегийн букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie" title="Géologie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Géologie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – окситан" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%27ooloojii" title="Ji'ooloojii – оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ji'ooloojii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Геологи – оссетин" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Геологи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="оссетин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਭੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – панжаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панжаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – папьяменто" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папьяменто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolodjie" title="Jolodjie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Jolodjie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiolojii" title="Jiolojii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Jiolojii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – польш" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolog%C3%ACa" title="Geologìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Geologìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA" title="دھرتی پڑھت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دھرتی پڑھت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%81%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%98%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%87" title="ځمکپېژندنه – пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ځمکپېژندنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – португал" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiksimuyu_yachay" title="Tiksimuyu yachay – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tiksimuyu yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – румын" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – орос" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орос" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ґеолоґія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґеолоґія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="प्राचीनभूगर्भशास्त्रम् – санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="प्राचीनभूगर्भशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giolugg%C3%ACa" title="Gioluggìa – сицил" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gioluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицил" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology" title="Geology – шотланд" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Geology" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ارضيات – синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ارضيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija – хорватын серб" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Geologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="хорватын серб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnakalt" title="Tasnakalt – тачелхит" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnakalt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="тачелхит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%82%85%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8A%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA" title="ပၢႆးလႅင်ႊလိၼ် – шань" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပၢႆးလႅင်ႊလိၼ်" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="шань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="භූවේදය – синхала" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="භූවේදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology" title="Geology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Geology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geol%C3%B3gia" title="Geológia – словак" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Geológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ارضیات – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ارضیات" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija – словени" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Geologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словени" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruambachisi" title="Ruambachisi – шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ruambachisi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeologjia" title="Gjeologjia – албани" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjeologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Геологија – серб" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Геологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeoloji" title="Jeoloji – сесото" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Jeoloji" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="сесото" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ologi" title="Géologi – сундан" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Géologi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – швед" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiolojia" title="Jiolojia – свахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jiolojia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="свахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நிலவியல் – тамил" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிலவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಭೂವಿಜ್ಞಾನ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭೂವಿಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Заминшиносӣ – тажик" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Заминшиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="тажик" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="ธรณีวิทยา – тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ธรณีวิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi%C3%BDa" title="Geologiýa – туркмен" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Geologiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркмен" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heolohiya" title="Heolohiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Heolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologij%C9%99" title="Geologijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Geologijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeoloji" title="Jeoloji – турк" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jeoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – татар" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – тува" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тува" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%90%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="گېئولوگىيە – уйгур" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گېئولوگىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгур" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геологія – украин" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Геологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ارضیات – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ارضیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologiya" title="Geologiya – узбек" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Geologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeo%C5%82ozia" title="Zeołozia – венец" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zeołozia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="венец" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologii" title="Geologii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Geologii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_ch%E1%BA%A5t_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Địa chất học – вьетнам" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Địa chất học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talav" title="Talav – волапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Talav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djeyolodjeye" title="Djeyolodjeye – уоллун" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djeyolodjeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="уоллун" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heolohiya" title="Heolohiya – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Heolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="地質學 – хятад, ву хэл" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地質學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="хятад, ву хэл" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJioloji" title="IJioloji – хоса" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IJioloji" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="хоса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გეოლოგია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გეოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="געאלאגיע – иддиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געאלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="иддиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="地质学 – хятад" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地质学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="хятад" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93-chit-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Tē-chit-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-chit-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="地質學 – кантон" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="地質學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1069#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Өөр хэлтэй холбосныг засах" class="wbc-editpage">Холбоос засах</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Нэрний зайнууд"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Өгүүлсэн хуудас [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Өгүүлэл</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%86%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3:%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Хуудсыг зөвшин хэлэлцэх (ийм хуудас байхгүй) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Хэлэлцүүлэг</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">монгол</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Харсан тоо"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8"><span>Унших</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&veaction=edit" title="Энэ хуудсыг VisualEditor-р засварлах [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Засварлах</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of 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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Хэрэглүүр</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">хажуугийн цэсэнд шилжүүлэх</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">хумих</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Үйлдэл </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8"><span>Унших</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&veaction=edit" title="Энэ хуудсыг VisualEditor-р засварлах [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Засварлах</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодоор засварлах</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=history"><span>Түүх</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ерөнхий </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:WhatLinksHere/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Энд холбогдсон вики хуудсууд [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Энд холбогдсон хуудас</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:RecentChangesLinked/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" rel="nofollow" title="Энэ хуудаснаас линк хийгдсэн хуудсуудын шинэ өөрчлөлтүүд [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Холбогдох өөрчлөлт</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=mn" title="Зураг буюу медиа файлыг аплоуд хийх [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Файл оруулах</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:SpecialPages" title="Тусгай хуудаснуудын жагсаалт [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Тусгай хуудаснууд</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&oldid=724087" title="Хуудасны одоогийн хувилбар луу очих тогтмол линк"><span>Байнгын холбоос</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Хуудасны мэдээлэл</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:CiteThisPage&page=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&id=724087&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Энэ хуудсыг хэрхэн эшлэх тухай мэдээлэл"><span>Эндээс эш татах</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2593%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8"><span>Богино URL үүсгэх</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2593%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8"><span>QR код татаж авах</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Хэвлэх/Экспортлох </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8"><span>Ном руу хувиргах</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF хэлбэрээр татаж авах</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&printable=yes" title="Энэ хуудасны хувилж болох хувилбар [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Хэвлэх хувилбар</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Бусад төсөл </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Geology" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1069" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викидата руух холбоос</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">хажуугийн цэсэнд шилжүүлэх</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">хумих</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедиа — Чөлөөт нэвтэрхий толь</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="mn" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:World_geologic_provinces.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/World_geologic_provinces.jpg/300px-World_geologic_provinces.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/World_geologic_provinces.jpg/450px-World_geologic_provinces.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/World_geologic_provinces.jpg/600px-World_geologic_provinces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>Дэлхийн геологийн үндсэн мужууд <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Дэлхийн царцдас">Далайн царцдас</a></b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r791175">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cde; color:black;"> </span> 0-20 сая жил</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r791175"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#abc; color:black;"> </span> 20-65 сая жил</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r791175"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#89a; color:black;"> </span> >65 сая жил</div> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Геологийн үндсэн муж (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Геологийн үндсэн мужууд</a></b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r791175"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f96; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бамбай (геологи) (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Бамбай (щит)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r791175"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f9c; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Платформ (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Платформ</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r791175"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#9fc; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ороген (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Ороген</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r791175"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#9cf; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сав газар (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Сав газар</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r791175"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#969; color:black;"> </span> Томоохон <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Магмын чулуулаг">вулкан-плутон</a> бүс</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r791175"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: #dc8;background-color:#ff9; color:black;"> </span> Шилжилтийн (тэлж буй) <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Дэлхийн царцдас">царцдас</a></div> </figcaption></figure> <p><b>Геологи</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Грек хэл">Грек</a> гаралтай: γη, ge, "дэлхий"; ба λόγος, logos, "судлал") нь <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дэлхий">дэлхийг</a> судалдаг салбар шинжлэх ухаан бөгөөд түүнийг бүрдүүлэгч <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Эрдэс">эрдэс</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83" title="Чулуу">чулуулгийн</a> найрлага, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Структур (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">структур</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Физик">физик</a> шинж чанар, хөгжлийн түүх, явагдаж буй төрөл бүрийн процессуудыг судлана. Геологичид нь геологийн шинжлэх ухааныг хөгжүүлэгч, дэлхий болоод <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Нар">нарны</a> бусад гаригуудын <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Хими">хими</a>, физик шинж чанарыг судалдаг бүлэг хүмүүс юм. Эдгээр хүмүүс нь <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9#Дэлхийн_үүсэл" title="Дэлхий">дэлхийн нас</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9#Дэлхийн_үүсэл" title="Дэлхий">үүсэл</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9#Дэлхийн_дотоод_бүтэц" title="Дэлхий">дотоод бүтэц</a> гэх мэт онолын судалгаа, мөн байгалийн баялгийг (эрчим хүчний түүхий эд болох <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%81" title="Нүүрс">нүүрс</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Газрын тос">газрын тос</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Байгалийн хий">байгалийн хий</a>, төрөл бүрийн <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Металл">металлууд</a> болох <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80" class="mw-disambig" title="Төмөр">төмөр</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Зэс">зэс</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="Уран (химийн элемент)">уран</a>, мөн <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%82_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Үнэт чулуу (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">үнэт чулуу</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Барилгын материал">барилгын материалыг</a>) нээх, үүсэх зүй тогтолыг илрүүлэх зорилготойгоор судалгаа хийнэ. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Түүх"><span id=".D0.A2.D2.AF.D2.AF.D1.85"></span>Түүх</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Түүх" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Түүх"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Зарим судлаачдынхаар геологийн шинжлэх ухааныг Абу ал-Раихан ал-Бируни (Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni) (МЭ <a href="/w/index.php?title=973&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="973 (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">973</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=1048&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1048 (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">1048</a>) үндэслэсэн гэж үздэг бөгөөд түүний бүтээлд Энэтхэгийн геологийн тогтцын талаар тэмдэглэсэн байдаг. Мөн Хятадын эрдэмтэн Шен Куа (Shen Kua) (МЭ <a href="/w/index.php?title=1031&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1031 (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">1031</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=1095&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1095 (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">1095</a>) <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Далай">далайн</a> эргээс хол байрлах уулнаас олдсон хясааны үлдэгдэл дээр тулгуурлан хуурай газар нь уулын <a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%B3%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Өгөршил">өгөршил</a> болон <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шаварлаг чулуулаг (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">шаварлаг чулуулгийн</a> хуримтлалаар үүсдэг гэж бичиж байв. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1556&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1556 (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">1556</a> онд хэвлэгдсэн, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Физикч (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">физикч</a> Георг Агрикола (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1494&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1494 (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">1494</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=1555&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1555 (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">1555</a>)-гийн "De re metallica libri XII" ном нь салхи усны эрчим хүч, хүдэр хайлуулах, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Хүдэр">хүдэр</a> тээвэрлэх, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Натри">натри</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Хүхэр">хүхэр</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B3%D3%A9%D0%BD_%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хөнгөн цагаан">хөнгөн цагааныг</a> ялгаж авах, мөн удирдлага, зохион байгуулалтын талаар нилээн иж бүрнээр нь авч үзсэн анхны дорвитой бүтээл бөгөөд, Николас Стено (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1638&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1638 (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">1638</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=1686&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1686 (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">1686</a>) <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Тунамал чулуулаг">тунамал чулуулгийн</a> үелэлийн талаархи (анхдагч байрлал нь хэвтээ байсан талаар) ойлголтуудыг гаргаж тавьсан байна. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вильям Смит (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Вильям Смит</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1769&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1769 (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">1769</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=1839&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1839 (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">1839</a>) анхны геологийн зургуудын нэгийг зурсан бөгөөд тунамал чулуулаг үелэн байрлах, энэ үелэлийн дарааллыг амьтдын үлдэгдлээр тогтоож болох талаар бичиж байжээ. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жэймс Хаттон (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Жэймс Хаттоныг</a> орчин үеийн геологийг үндэслэгч гэж үздэг байна. Тэрээр <a href="/w/index.php?title=1785&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1785 (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">1785</a> онд "Дэлхийн онол" (Theory of the Earth) өгүүлэгтээ уул нурууд элэгдэж, далай, тэнгисийн ёроолд шинэ чулуулаг үүсэн, улмаар тэнгисийн ёроол өргөгдөн хуурай газар бий болно гээд энэ бүх процесст маш урт хугацаа хэрэгтэй бөгөөд <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дэлхий">Дэлхийн</a> нас одоо таамаглаж байгаагаас хамаагүй хөгшин гэж бичиж байв. <a href="/w/index.php?title=1795&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1795 (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">1795</a> онд энэ талаар 2 боть хэвлүүлжээ. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жоржес Кувиер (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Жоржес Кувиер</a> ба Александр Бронгниарт нар 1811 онд чулуужсан зааны ясны олдвор дээр тулгуурлан <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дэлхий">Дэлхийн</a> насны талаар Францд өгүүлэл хэвлүүлсэн байна. Тэд <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%B9" title="Давхрага зүй">давхрага зүйн</a> тулгуур ойлголт болох үелэлийн талаар Вильям Смитийн судалгаанаас хамааралгүйгээр гаргаж тавьсан байна. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Wegener.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Wegener.jpg/220px-Wegener.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Wegener.jpg/330px-Wegener.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Wegener.jpg/440px-Wegener.jpg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Плит тектоник">Плит тектоник</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Далайн царцдас (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Далайн царцдас</a> тэлэх болон тивүүд нүүхийг дэлхийн бөмбөрцөг дээр үзүүлсэн нь</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чарлз Лиелл (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Чарлз Лиелл</a> (Charles Lyell) "Геологийн үндсүүд" (Principles of Geology) номоо анх 1830 онд хэвлүүлсэн бөгөөд <a href="/w/index.php?title=1875&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1875 (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">1875</a> онд нас барах хүртлээ хэд хэдэн удаа шинэчилж, дахин хэвлүүлсэн Түүний <i>униформизм (uniformitarianism)</i> онол нь геологийн үйл явцууд дэлхийн хөгжлийн туршид удаан бөгөөд тасралтгүй явагдах ба одоо ч үргэлжилсээр байна гэж үздэг байна. Униформизмийн эсрэг онолоор (сүйрлийн онол - <i>catastrophism</i>) бол геологийн тогтолцооний зааг бүрд хүчтэй сүйрэл явагддаг, энэ сүйрлээр үүссэн зүйлс өөрчлөгддөггүй гэж үздэг байв. </p><p><a href="/wiki/19-%D1%80_%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD" title="19-р зуун">19-р зуунд</a> геологийн үндсэн асуудал "Дэлхийн нас"-ыг тогтоох байсан ба 100,000-аас тэрбум жил хүртэл олон янзын тооцоонууд хийж байв. </p><p><a href="/wiki/20-%D1%80_%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD" title="20-р зуун">20-р зуунд</a> геологийн шинжлэх ухаанд гарсан томоохон дэвшил бол 1960-аад онд боловсрогдсон <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Плит тектоник">плит тектоникийн онол</a> юм. Уг онолын тулгуур нь <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Далайн царцдас (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">далайн царцдас</a> шинээр үүсэх болон тивүүд нүүх үзэгдэл юм. Уг онол нь Дэлхий судлалын бүх шинжлэх ухаанд эрс өөрчлөлт оруулсан болно. </p><p>Тивүүд нүүх онолыг анх <a href="/wiki/1908" class="mw-redirect" title="1908">1908</a> онд Франк Бурслэй Тэйлор дэвшүүлж, Альфрэд Вегенер (<a href="/wiki/1912" class="mw-redirect" title="1912">1912</a>) болон Артур Холмес өргөжүүлсэн боловч, <a href="/wiki/1960" class="mw-redirect" title="1960">1960</a>-аад оны эцэс буюу <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Плит тектоник">плит тектоникийн онол</a> хүртэл нийтээр хүлээн зөвшөөрөгдөөгүй байна. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Геологийн_тулгуур_ойлголтууд"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B5.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D0.B9.D0.BD_.D1.82.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B3.D1.83.D1.83.D1.80_.D0.BE.D0.B9.D0.BB.D0.B3.D0.BE.D0.BB.D1.82.D1.83.D1.83.D0.B4"></span>Геологийн тулгуур ойлголтууд</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Геологийн тулгуур ойлголтууд" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Геологийн тулгуур ойлголтууд"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Эдгээр тулгуур ойлголтууд нь <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Тунамал чулуулаг">тунамал чулуулгийн</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Харьцангуй нас (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">харьцангуй нас</a> болон гарал үүслийг тогтоох боломж олгоно. </p><p><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Интрүүз (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Интрүүз</a> болон тунамал чулуулгийн хоорондын хамаарал</b> - Хэрэв ямар нэгэн <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Интрүүз (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">интрүүз</a> чулуулаг <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Тунамал чулуулаг">тунамал чулуулгийг</a> огтлосон байвал тухайн интрүүз чулуулаг нь тунамал чулуулгаас сүүлд үүссэн, насны хувьд залуу байна. Интрүүз чулуулгийн хэд хэдэн төрөл байх бөгөөд жишээлбэл, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Батолит">батолит</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Судал (структур геологи) (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">судал</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дайк (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">дайк</a> гэх мэт. </p><p><b>Чулуулаг болон хагарлын хоорондын хамаарал</b> - Хэрэв <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хагарал (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">хагарал</a> ямар нэгэн чулуулгийг бүтэн огтолсон байвал уг <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хагарал (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">хагарал</a> нь тухайн чулуулгаас сүүлд үүссэн, залуу байна. Хэрэв хагарал, ямар нэгэн чулуулгийн үеэр хучигдсан байвал уг хагарал нь түүнийг хучиж буй чулуулгаас хөгшин байна. </p><p><b>Хэмхдэсийн зарчим</b> - <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Тунамал чулуулаг">Хэмхдэст чулуулгийн</a> хэмхдэс нь уг хэмхдэст чулуулгаасаа хөгшин байна. Учир нь ямар нэгэн чулуулгийн өгөршлийн үр дүнд хэмхдэс эхэлж үүснэ. Улмаар уг хэмхдэс зөөгдөн хуримтлагдаж, барьцалдан хэмхдэст чулуулгийн формаци үүсгэнэ. </p><p><b>Униформизмийн зарчим</b> - Одоо үед явагдаж буй геологийн янз бүрийн процессуудыг судлаж, мэдсэний үндсэн дээр геологийн өнгөрсөн цаг үед явагдсан үйл явцыг танин мэдэж болно гэсэн зарчим юм. Уг зарчмыг Шотландын физикч, геологич <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жэймс Хаттон (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Жэймс Хаттон</a> үндэслэсэн ба "Дэлхийн өнгөрсөн түүх одоо болж буй зүйлсээр зайлшгүй тайлбарлагдах ёстой", "Одоо үе бол өнгөрснийг тайлах түлхүүр" гэж үзэж байв. </p><p><b>Байрлалын зарчим</b> - Хэрэв <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Тунамал чулуулаг">тунамал хурдсын</a> давхрага <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%B4%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B3%D3%A9%D3%A9%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тектоник хөдөлгөөн (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">тектоник хөдөлгөөнд</a> өртөөгүй бол, эхэлж үүссэн хөгшин хурдас нь доороо, залуу хурдас нь дээд талдаа байрлана. </p><p><b>Амьтны <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чулуужсан үлдэгдэл (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">чулуужсан үлдэгдэл</a> хадгалагдах зарчим</b> - Тодорхой нэг цаг хугацаанд тодорхой бүс нутагт, эсвэл бүх дэлхий даяар тархан амьдарч байсан амьтны үлдэгдэл нь тухайн цаг хугацаанд хуримтлагдсан тунамал чулуулагт хадгалагдан үлдэх ба энэ үлдэгдэл дээр тулгуурлан уг тунамал чулуулгийн нас болон, бусад (дээр нь, эсвэл доор нь хуримтлагдсан) чулуулгийн насыг тогтоох боломж олгоно. Уг санааг анх <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вильям Смит (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Вильям Смит</a> дэвшүүлсэн болно. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Геологийн_шинжлэх_ухааны_зарим_салбарууд"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B5.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D0.B9.D0.BD_.D1.88.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B6.D0.BB.D1.8D.D1.85_.D1.83.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D0.B7.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BC_.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B1.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.83.D1.83.D0.B4"></span>Геологийн шинжлэх ухааны зарим салбарууд</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Геологийн шинжлэх ухааны зарим салбарууд" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Геологийн шинжлэх ухааны зарим салбарууд"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Syncline_and_anticline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Syncline_and_anticline.jpg/300px-Syncline_and_anticline.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Syncline_and_anticline.jpg/450px-Syncline_and_anticline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Syncline_and_anticline.jpg/600px-Syncline_and_anticline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="846" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption>Антиклиналь болон синклиналь стрүктүүр</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Ашигт малтмалын геологи">Ашигт малтмалын геологи</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Геоархеологи (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Геоархеологи</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Геомикробиологи (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Геомикробиологи</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Геоморфологи (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Геоморфологи</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Геохими">Геохими</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Геофизик">Геофизик</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Гидрогеологи">Гидрогеологи</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%B9" title="Давхрага зүй">Давхрага зүй</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Далай судлал (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Далай судлал</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%B4%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дөрөвдөгчийн геологи (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Дөрөвдөгчийн геологи</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Инженер геологи (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Инженер геологи</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Кристаллографи">Кристаллографи</a></li> <li>Металлоген</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Палеонтологи">Палеонтологи</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Петрологи">Петрологи</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Плит тектоник">Плит тектоник</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Седиментологи">Седиментологи</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Структур геологи (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Структур геологи</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Түүхэн геологи (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Түүхэн геологи</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Эрдэс судлал">Эрдэс судлал</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эртний цаг уур (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">Эртний цаг уур</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Стратиграфи">Стратиграфи</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Бусад_холбоотой_сэдвүүд"><span id=".D0.91.D1.83.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.B4_.D1.85.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.B9_.D1.81.D1.8D.D0.B4.D0.B2.D2.AF.D2.AF.D0.B4"></span>Бусад холбоотой сэдвүүд</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Бусад холбоотой сэдвүүд" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Бусад холбоотой сэдвүүд"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Эрдэс">Эрдэс</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83" title="Чулуу">Чулуу</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Плит тектоник">Плит тектоник</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Шатах ашигт малтмал">Шатах ашигт малтмал</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гадны_холбоос"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D1.85.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.BE.D1.81"></span>Гадны холбоос</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Гадны холбоос" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Гадны холбоос"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Geology?uselang=⧼Lang⧽">Commons: Category:Geology</a></span></b> – Викимедиа дуу дүрсний сан</div> <ul><li>James Hutton's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mala.bc.ca/~johnstoi/essays/Hutton.htm"><i>Theory of the Earth</i></a> Жеймс Хаттоны "Дэлхийн онол"</li> <li>James Hutton's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uwmc.uwc.edu/geography/hutton/hutton.htm"><i>Theory of the Earth & Abstract of the Theory of the Earth</i></a> Жеймс Хаттоны "Дэлхийн онол" ба "Дэлхийн онол"-ын товч хураангуй</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalogmineralov.ru">Каталог минералов</a> Эрдсийн каталоги (Орос хэл дээр)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r729770">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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