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Cifră octanică - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metode_de_încercare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metode_de_încercare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Metode de încercare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metode_de_încercare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recomandări_privind_cifra_octanică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recomandări_privind_cifra_octanică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Recomandări privind cifra octanică</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recomandări_privind_cifra_octanică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exemple_de_cifre_octanice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exemple_de_cifre_octanice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Exemple de cifre octanice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exemple_de_cifre_octanice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creșterea_cifrei_octanice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creșterea_cifrei_octanice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Creșterea cifrei octanice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creșterea_cifrei_octanice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie_recomandată" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie_recomandată"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografie recomandată</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie_recomandată-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cifră octanică</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 51 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktaangetal" title="Oktaangetal – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oktaangetal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رقم الأوكتان – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رقم الأوكتان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktan_%C9%99d%C9%99di" title="Oktan ədədi – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Oktan ədədi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Актанавы лік – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Актанавы лік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Октаново число – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Октаново число" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktanski_broj" title="Oktanski broj – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Oktanski broj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndex_d%27oct%C3%A0" title="Índex d&#039;octà – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Índex d&#039;octà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ژمارەی ئۆکتان – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژمارەی ئۆکتان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktanov%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo" title="Oktanové číslo – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oktanové číslo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktantal" title="Oktantal – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oktantal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktanzahl" title="Oktanzahl – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oktanzahl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Αριθμός οκτανίου – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αριθμός οκτανίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating" title="Octane rating – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Octane rating" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktana_indico" title="Oktana indico – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oktana indico" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_de_octano" title="Número de octano – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Número de octano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktaaniarv" title="Oktaaniarv – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oktaaniarv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktano-zenbaki" title="Oktano-zenbaki – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oktano-zenbaki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عدد اکتان – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عدد اکتان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktaaniluku" title="Oktaaniluku – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oktaaniluku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indice_d%27octane" title="Indice d&#039;octane – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Indice d&#039;octane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uimhir_ocht%C3%A1in" title="Uimhir ochtáin – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uimhir ochtáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9F" title="מספר אוקטן – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מספר אוקטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktanski_broj" title="Oktanski broj – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oktanski broj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okt%C3%A1nsz%C3%A1m" title="Oktánszám – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oktánszám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%BE" title="Օկտանային թիվ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օկտանային թիվ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan_oktan" title="Bilangan oktan – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bilangan oktan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numero_di_ottano" title="Numero di ottano – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Numero di ottano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E4%BE%A1" title="オクタン価 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オクタン価" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Октан саны – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Октан саны" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A5%ED%83%84%EA%B0%80" title="옥탄가 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="옥탄가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Октан саны – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Октан саны" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktaninis_skai%C4%8Dius" title="Oktaninis skaičius – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oktaninis skaičius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okt%C4%81nskaitlis" title="Oktānskaitlis – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Oktānskaitlis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ഒക്ടേൻ സംഖ്യ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒക്ടേൻ സംഖ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penarafan_oktana" title="Penarafan oktana – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penarafan oktana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octaangetal" title="Octaangetal – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Octaangetal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktantall" title="Oktantall – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oktantall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liczba_oktanowa" title="Liczba oktanowa – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liczba oktanowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="اوکٹین گنتی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوکٹین گنتی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octanagem" title="Octanagem – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Octanagem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Октановое число – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Октановое число" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating" title="Octane rating – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Octane rating" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okt%C3%A1nov%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo" title="Oktánové číslo – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oktánové číslo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktanski_broj" title="Oktanski broj – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Oktanski broj" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktantal" title="Oktantal – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Oktantal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D" title="எட்டக எண் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எட்டக எண்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktan_say%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Oktan sayısı – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oktan sayısı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Октанове число – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Октанове число" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktan_soni" title="Oktan soni – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oktan soni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%89_s%E1%BB%91_octan" title="Chỉ số octan – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chỉ số octan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E7%83%B7%E5%80%BC" title="辛烷值 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="辛烷值" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193423#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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<div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193423" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg/200px-Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg/300px-Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg/400px-Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1374" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>benzine cu diverse cifre octanice (PON), la pompă.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cifra octanică</b> (<b>CO</b>) a unei <a href="/wiki/Benzin%C4%83" title="Benzină">benzine</a> reprezintă rezistența la autoaprindere a <a href="/wiki/Combustibil" title="Combustibil">combustibilului</a>, adică rezistența la <i>detonație</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-G156_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G156-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definiție"><span id="Defini.C8.9Bie"></span>Definiție</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Definiție" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Definiție"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cifra octanică se definește prin compararea comportării benzinei cu cea a unui amestec <a href="/wiki/Etalon" title="Etalon">etalon</a>, format din <a href="/wiki/Hidrocarbur%C4%83" title="Hidrocarbură">hidrocarburi</a> cu proprietăți antidetonante opuse. Drept hidrocarbură care detonează ușor, adică are rezistență la autoaprindere mică, se folosește <a href="/wiki/Heptan" title="Heptan">normal heptanul</a> (<span class="FormChim">C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>16</sub></span>&#160;), căruia i se atribuie, în mod convențional cifra octanică CO&#160;=&#160;0. Drept hidrocarbură care detonează greu, adică are rezistență la autoaprindere mare, se folosește <a href="/wiki/Izooctan" class="mw-redirect" title="Izooctan">izooctanul</a> (<a href="/wiki/2,2,4-trimetilpentan" title="2,2,4-trimetilpentan">2,2,4-trimetilpentanul</a>) (<span class="FormChim">C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>18</sub></span>&#160;), căruia i se atribuie, în mod convențional cifra octanică CO&#160;=&#160;100. Cifra octanică este definită de procentul de izooctan în volumul amestecului etalon.<sup id="cite_ref-G156_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G156-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Definirea cifrei octanice a fost făcută în jurul anului <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a> de chimistul Russell Marker de la Ethyl Corporation. Alegerea <i>n</i>-heptanului s-a datorat posibilității de a se obține substanța foarte pură, fără urme de alți izomeri ai heptanului sau octanului, prin distilarea rășinii de pin Jeffrey. Obținerea heptanului din alte surse, de exemplu din <a href="/wiki/%C8%9Ai%C8%9Bei" class="mw-redirect" title="Țiței">țiței</a> nu se poate face la puritatea necesară unei substanțe etalon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metode_de_încercare"><span id="Metode_de_.C3.AEncercare"></span>Metode de încercare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Metode de încercare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Metode de încercare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comparația dintre comportarea benzinei a cărei cifră octanică se determină și a amestecului etalon se face pe un motor special, CFR, al Comitetului Cooperativ pentru Cercetarea Combustibililor (<a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">Cooperative Fuel Research Committee</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> care permite realizarea unui raport de comprimare variabil, în condiții sandard, stabilite de Asociația Americană de Încercări și Materiale (<a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">American Society for Testing and Materials</span>) (ASTM), respectiv permite realizarea unui nivel de detonație determinat. Cifrele octanice a benzinei, respectiv a amestecului etalon se consideră egale dacă în condițiile de încercare standard produc aceeași intensitate a detonației.<sup id="cite_ref-G157_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G157-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Se folosesc două metode pentru determinarea cifrei octanice: </p> <ul><li><i>Metoda Research</i> (CO/R sau CO/Ce). Determinarea cifrei octanice se face la turația de 600&#160;rpm.</li> <li><i>Metoda Motor</i> (CO/M). Determinarea cifrei octanice se face la turația de 900&#160;rpm.</li></ul> <p>Metoda CO/R dă valori ceva mai mari decât metoda CO/M, însă pericolul de detonație este mai mare la turația de cuplu maxim (mai mică), așa că metoda CO/R este preferată pentru caracterizarea benzinelor pentru <a href="/wiki/Automobil" title="Automobil">automobile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-G157_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G157-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> În <a href="/wiki/Avia%C8%9Bie" title="Aviație">aviație</a>, datorită faptului că acolo motoarele lucrează turate, se preferă caracterizarea benzinelor (de exemplu <a href="/w/index.php?title=AvGas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="AvGas — pagină inexistentă">AvGas</a>) prin metoda CO/M. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recomandări_privind_cifra_octanică"><span id="Recomand.C4.83ri_privind_cifra_octanic.C4.83"></span>Recomandări privind cifra octanică</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Recomandări privind cifra octanică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Recomandări privind cifra octanică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O benzină cu CO mai mare permite realizarea unor raporturi de comprimare mai mari, deci <a href="/wiki/Motor_cu_aprindere_prin_sc%C3%A2nteie" title="Motor cu aprindere prin scânteie">motoare</a> cu randament indicat mai mare și, la aceeași cilindree, cu <a href="/wiki/Putere" title="Putere">puteri</a> mai mari.<sup id="cite_ref-G157_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G157-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>La un motor cu raport de comprimare dat, folosirea unei benzine cu CO mai mică decât cea prevăzută prin proiect deformează <a href="/wiki/Diagram%C4%83_indicat%C4%83" title="Diagramă indicată">diagrama indicată</a>, micșorând randamentul indicat, și determină apariția detonației, distrugând motorul. Folosirea unei benzine cu CO mai mare decât cea prevăzută prin proiect deformează și ea diagrama indicată, micșorând de asemenea randamentul indicat, ducând la o risipă inutilă. </p><p>Cifra octanică nu este legată de cantitatea de căldură degajată prin ardere, adică de <a href="/wiki/Putere_calorific%C4%83" title="Putere calorifică">puterea calorifică</a> a combustibilului, deci o benzină cu o CO mai mare nu e „mai bună” în acest sens. </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> și <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> cifra octanică afișată la <a href="/wiki/Pomp%C4%83" title="Pompă">pompele</a> de benzină este CO/R. În <a href="/wiki/SUA" class="mw-redirect" title="SUA">SUA</a> și <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> cifra octanică afișată este media CO/R și CO/M, așa-numita „cifră octanică la pompă” (<a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">Pump Octane Number</span>) (PON), cea ce face ca valorile afișate să fie cu 4&#160;–&#160;5 unități mai mici. Benzina CO95 din Europa este echivalentă cu CO90 din SUA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exemple_de_cifre_octanice">Exemple de cifre octanice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Exemple de cifre octanice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Exemple de cifre octanice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cifrele octanice ale <i>n</i>-heptanului și izooctanului sunt exact 0, respectiv 100, prin definiție. </p> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Substanță</th> <th>CO/R</th> <th>CO/M</th> <th>Observații </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heptan" title="Heptan"><i>n</i>-heptan</a> </td> <td align="right">0 </td> <td align="right">0 </td> <td align="right">prin definiție </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Octan" title="Octan"><i>i</i>-octan</a> </td> <td align="right">100 </td> <td align="right">100 </td> <td align="right">prin definiție </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Butan" title="Butan"><i>n</i>-butan</a> </td> <td align="right">94 </td> <td align="right">94 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Butan" title="Butan"><i>i</i>-butan</a> </td> <td align="right">102 </td> <td align="right">98 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pentan" title="Pentan"><i>n</i>-pentan</a> </td> <td align="right">58 </td> <td align="right">58 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pentan" title="Pentan"><i>i</i>-pentan</a> </td> <td align="right">94 </td> <td align="right">93 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ciclopentan" title="Ciclopentan">ciclopentan</a> </td> <td align="right">103 </td> <td align="right">86 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hexan" title="Hexan"><i>n</i>-hexan</a> </td> <td align="right">25 </td> <td align="right">26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hexan" title="Hexan">2,3-dimetilbutan</a> </td> <td align="right">104 </td> <td align="right">95 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ciclohexan" title="Ciclohexan">ciclohexan</a> </td> <td align="right">83 </td> <td align="right">77 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Benzen" title="Benzen">benzen</a> </td> <td align="right">99 </td> <td align="right">91 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toluen" title="Toluen">toluen</a> </td> <td align="right">110 </td> <td align="right">103 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xilen" title="Xilen"><i>o</i>-xilen</a> </td> <td align="right">120 </td> <td align="right">102 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xilen" title="Xilen"><i>m</i>-xilen</a> </td> <td align="right">118 </td> <td align="right">115 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xilen" title="Xilen"><i>p</i>-xilen</a> </td> <td align="right">117 </td> <td align="right">111 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Etilbenzen" title="Etilbenzen">etilbenzen</a> </td> <td align="right">107 </td> <td align="right">98 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creșterea_cifrei_octanice"><span id="Cre.C8.99terea_cifrei_octanice"></span>Creșterea cifrei octanice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Creșterea cifrei octanice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Creșterea cifrei octanice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Din definiția cifrei octanice nu trebuie înțeles că o benzină este formată dintr-un amestec de <i>n</i>-heptan și izooctan în proporția respectivă. De asemenea, valoarea CO&#160;=&#160;100 nu este limitativă, există combustibili cu rezistență la detonație mai mare decât izooctanul, adică cu CO mai mare ca 100. Exemple de astfel de combustibili sunt benzina de curse,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, benzina de aviație (de exemplu AvGas), <a href="/wiki/Gaz_petrolier_lichefiat" title="Gaz petrolier lichefiat">gazul petrolier lichefiat</a> (GPL) sau <a href="/wiki/Alcool" title="Alcool">alcoolul</a> (de exemplu <a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanolul</a> are CO/R&#160;=&#160;129). </p><p>Ridicarea cifrei octanice se poate face și prin aditivare cu diferite substanțe, dintre care cele mai cunoscute sunt <a href="/wiki/Tetraetil_de_plumb" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetraetil de plumb">tetraetilul de plumb</a> (TEP), Metil-terț-butil-eterul (MTBE)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și toluenul. TEP, folosit în „benzina cu plumb” se descompune ușor în radicali care reacționează cu combustibilul și oxigenul în primele faze ale aprinderii, încetinind aprinderea, cu un efect de ridicare a cifrei octanice. Din păcate, TEP este toxic, iar utilizarea sa a fost limitată după <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>. Mai este folosit la benzinele de aviație. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-G156-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G156_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G156_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Grünwald, p. 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asme.org/Communities/History/Landmarks/Cooperative_Fuel_Research.cfm"><i>#50 Cooperative Fuel Research Engine (1928)</i></a> asme.org, accesat 20 ianuarie 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G157-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G157_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G157_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G157_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Grünwald, p. 157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9009091&amp;contentId=7016856"><i>BP Ultimate 102 has an amazing 102 octane rating – the maximum allowed in Formula 1 and the World Rally Championship</i></a>, bp.com, accesat 21 ianuarie 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Gabriel Racoviteanu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://instalatii.utcb.ro/site/MTBE/proiectmtbe.htm"><i>Tehnologii de degradare a MTBE (metil terț butil eter) din apa destinată consumului uman</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208034529/http://instalatii.utcb.ro/site/MTBE/proiectmtbe.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2008-12-08">8 decembrie 2008</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <a href="/wiki/Universitatea_Tehnic%C4%83_de_Construc%C8%9Bii_din_Bucure%C8%99ti" title="Universitatea Tehnică de Construcții din București">Universitatea Tehnică de Construcții din București</a>, accesat 21 ianuarie 2009</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Berthold Grünwald <i>Teoria, calculul și construcția motoarelor pentru autovehicule rutiere</i>, ediția a II-a, București: Editura Didactică și Pedagogică, 1980</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie_recomandată"><span id="Bibliografie_recomandat.C4.83"></span>Bibliografie recomandată</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie recomandată" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografie recomandată"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> John B. Heywood <i>Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals</i> New York: McGraw Hill, 1988, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0071004998" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-07-100499-8</a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> Keith Owen, Trevor Coley <i>Automotive Fuels Reference Book</i>, SAE, 1995, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/1560915897" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-56091-589-7</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cifr%C4%83_octanic%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cifr%C4%83_cetanic%C4%83" title="Cifră cetanică">Cifră cetanică</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6b68c86545‐trngw Cached time: 20241202130524 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.159 seconds Real time usage: 0.478 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 374/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2472/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 131/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3332/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.093/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1686684/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 2/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 181.743 1 -total 84.64% 153.830 3 Format:En 3.54% 6.427 1 Format:Webarchive 2.62% 4.761 2 Format:FormChim 2.08% 3.777 3 Format:En_icon 1.02% 1.860 2 Format:Indicație_limbă 1.02% 1.853 1 Format:- --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key rowiki:pcache:427704:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241202130524 and revision id 15789132. 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