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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Marriage and family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Princess_of_Piombino_and_Lucca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Princess_of_Piombino_and_Lucca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Princess of Piombino and Lucca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Princess_of_Piombino_and_Lucca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Grand Duchess of Tuscany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fall_and_exile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fall_and_exile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fall and exile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fall_and_exile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_and_issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_and_issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Marriage and issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="إليزا بونابرت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إليزا بونابرت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Эліза Банапарт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эліза Банапарт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Елиза Бонапарт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Елиза Бонапарт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Buonaparte" title="Elisa Buonaparte – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Elisa Buonaparte" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisa_Bonaparte" title="Élisa Bonaparte – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Élisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisa_Bonaparte" title="Élisa Bonaparte – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Élisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Maria_Bonaparte" title="Elisa Maria Bonaparte – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elisa Maria Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Bonaparte" title="Elisa Bonaparte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%B1_%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B7" title="Ελίζα Βοναπάρτη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελίζα Βοναπάρτη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Bonaparte" title="Elisa Bonaparte – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Bonaparte" title="Elisa Bonaparte – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisa_Bonaparte" title="Élisa Bonaparte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisa_Bonaparte" title="Élisa Bonaparte – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Élisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Bonaparte" title="Elisa Bonaparte – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisa_Bonaparte" title="Élisa Bonaparte – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Élisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Bonaparte" title="Elisa Bonaparte – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ელიზა ბონაპარტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელიზა ბონაპარტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliza_Bonaparte" title="Eliza Bonaparte – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Eliza Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisa_Bonaparte" title="Élisa Bonaparte – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Élisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="اليزا بونابرت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اليزا بونابرت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Bonaparte" title="Elisa Bonaparte – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%8A%E3%83%91%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88" title="エリザ・ボナパルト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エリザ・ボナパルト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Bonaparte" title="Elisa Bonaparte – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliza_Bonaparte" title="Eliza Bonaparte – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Eliza Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Bonaparte" title="Elisa Bonaparte – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Elisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Bonaparte" title="Elisa Bonaparte – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Elisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Bonaparte" title="Elisa Bonaparte – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Elisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Бонапарт, Элиза – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бонапарт, Элиза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Bonaparte" title="Elisa Bonaparte – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Елиза Бонапарта – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Елиза Бонапарта" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisa_Bonaparte" title="Élisa Bonaparte – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Élisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisa_Bonaparte" title="Élisa Bonaparte – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Élisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Bonaparte" title="Elisa Bonaparte – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95" title="เอลีซา โบนาปาร์ต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอลีซา โบนาปาร์ต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Bonaparte" title="Elisa Bonaparte – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Еліза Бонапарт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Еліза Бонапарт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisa_Bonaparte" title="Élisa Bonaparte – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Élisa Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%8E%89%E8%90%A8%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%BF%E5%B7%B4" title="埃莉萨·波拿巴 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃莉萨·波拿巴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q151083#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Elisa+Bonaparte%22">"Elisa Bonaparte"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Elisa+Bonaparte%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Elisa+Bonaparte%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Elisa+Bonaparte%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Elisa+Bonaparte%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Elisa+Bonaparte%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Elisa Bonaparte</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Elisa_Baciocchi_Franque_Joseph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Elisa_Baciocchi_Franque_Joseph.jpg/220px-Elisa_Baciocchi_Franque_Joseph.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Elisa_Baciocchi_Franque_Joseph.jpg/330px-Elisa_Baciocchi_Franque_Joseph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Elisa_Baciocchi_Franque_Joseph.jpg/440px-Elisa_Baciocchi_Franque_Joseph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1516" data-file-height="1948" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Franque" title="Joseph Franque">Joseph Franque</a>, 1812</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Tuscany">Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">3 March 1809 – 1 February 1814</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles II, Duke of Parma">Charles II, Duke of Parma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Lucca_and_Piombino" title="Principality of Lucca and Piombino">Princess of Lucca and Piombino</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">19 March 1805 – 18 March 1814</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Antonio I Boncompagni-Ludovisi as Prince of Poimbino</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa,_Duchess_of_Lucca" title="Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca">Maria Luisa</a> as Duchess of Lucca<br /> Felice Boncompagni-Ludovisi as Prince of Poimbino</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Co-ruler</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Felice_Pasquale_Baciocchi" title="Felice Pasquale Baciocchi">Felice Pasquale Baciocchi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Maria Anna Buonaparte<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1777-01-03</span>)</span>3 January 1777<br /><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a>, Corsica, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 August 1820<span style="display:none">(1820-08-07)</span> (aged 43)<br /><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/San_Petronio,_Bologna" title="San Petronio, Bologna">San Petronio, Bologna</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Felice_Pasquale_Baciocchi" title="Felice Pasquale Baciocchi">Felice Pasquale Baciocchi</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1797)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Felix Napoléon Baciocchi<br />Napoléon Baciocchi<br /><a href="/wiki/Elisa_Napol%C3%A9one_Baciocchi" title="Elisa Napoléone Baciocchi">Elisa Napoléone Baciocchi</a><br />Jérôme Charles Baciocchi<br />Frédéric Napoléon Baciocchi</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Maria Anna Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi Levoy</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">Bonaparte</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Buonaparte" title="Carlo Buonaparte">Carlo Buonaparte</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Letizia_Ramolino" class="mw-redirect" title="Letizia Ramolino">Letizia Ramolino</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Elisa_Bonaparte.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Elisa Bonaparte's signature"><img alt="Elisa Bonaparte's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Signature_of_Elisa_Bonaparte.png/125px-Signature_of_Elisa_Bonaparte.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Signature_of_Elisa_Bonaparte.png/188px-Signature_of_Elisa_Bonaparte.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Signature_of_Elisa_Bonaparte.png/250px-Signature_of_Elisa_Bonaparte.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Maria Anna Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi Levoy</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i>Marie Anne Elisa Bonaparte</i>; 3 January 1777 – 7 August 1820), better known as <b>Elisa Bonaparte</b>, was an imperial French princess and sister of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>. She was <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Lucca_and_Piombino" title="Principality of Lucca and Piombino">Princess of Lucca and Piombino</a> (1805-1814), <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchess of Tuscany">Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a> (1809-1814) and Countess of Compignano by appointment of her brother. </p><p>She was the fourth surviving child and eldest surviving daughter of <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Buonaparte" title="Carlo Buonaparte">Carlo Buonaparte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Letizia_Ramolino" class="mw-redirect" title="Letizia Ramolino">Letizia Ramolino</a>. A younger sister of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>, she had elder brothers <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Lucien Bonaparte">Lucien</a>, and younger siblings <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Bonaparte" title="Pauline Bonaparte">Pauline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Bonaparte" title="Caroline Bonaparte">Caroline</a> and <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Bonaparte">Jerome</a>. </p><p>As Princess of Lucca and Piombino, then Grand Duchess of Tuscany, she became Napoleon's only sister to possess political power. Their relations were sometimes strained due to her sharp tongue. Highly interested in the arts, particularly the theatre, she encouraged them in the territories over which she ruled. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisa_Bonaparte&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorenzo_bartolini,_ritratto_di_elisa_bonaparte_da_bambina,_gesso.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lorenzo_bartolini%2C_ritratto_di_elisa_bonaparte_da_bambina%2C_gesso.jpg/220px-Lorenzo_bartolini%2C_ritratto_di_elisa_bonaparte_da_bambina%2C_gesso.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lorenzo_bartolini%2C_ritratto_di_elisa_bonaparte_da_bambina%2C_gesso.jpg/330px-Lorenzo_bartolini%2C_ritratto_di_elisa_bonaparte_da_bambina%2C_gesso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lorenzo_bartolini%2C_ritratto_di_elisa_bonaparte_da_bambina%2C_gesso.jpg/440px-Lorenzo_bartolini%2C_ritratto_di_elisa_bonaparte_da_bambina%2C_gesso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>Élisa Bonaparte as a child (<a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Bartolini" title="Lorenzo Bartolini">Lorenzo Bartolini</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Élisa was born in <a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a>, Corsica. She was christened <i>Maria-Anna</i>, but later officially adopted the nickname "Élisa" (her brother Lucien, to whom she was very close in childhood, nicknamed her Elisa). In June 1784, a bursary allowed her to attend the <a href="/wiki/Maison_royale_de_Saint-Louis" title="Maison royale de Saint-Louis">Maison royale de Saint-Louis</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Cyr-l%27%C3%89cole" title="Saint-Cyr-l'École">Saint-Cyr</a>, where she was frequently visited by her brother Napoleon. Following the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_(France)" title="Legislative Assembly (France)">Legislative Assembly</a> decreed the Maison's closure on 16 August 1792 as it shut down institutions associated with the aristocracy. Élisa left on 1 September with Napoleon to return to Ajaccio. </p><p>Around 1795, the Bonaparte family relocated to <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>. There Élisa got to know <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Baciocchi_(1762%E2%80%931841)" class="mw-redirect" title="Félix Baciocchi (1762–1841)">Felice Pasquale Baciocchi</a> (who later adopted the surname Levoy). A Corsican nobleman and formerly a captain in the Royal Corse, he had been dismissed from his rank with the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_family">Marriage and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisa_Bonaparte&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Marriage and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Élisa married Levoy in a civil ceremony in <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> on 1 May 1797, followed by a religious ceremony in <a href="/wiki/Laveno-Mombello" title="Laveno-Mombello">Mombello</a>, where Napoleon had a villa. He had moved there with his family in June 1797. Concerned about Baciocchi's reputation as a poor captain, Napoleon had some initial reservations about his sister's choice of spouse. Their religious ceremony was held on the same day as her sister <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Bonaparte" title="Pauline Bonaparte">Pauline</a>'s marriage to general <a href="/wiki/Charles_Leclerc_(general,_born_1772)" title="Charles Leclerc (general, born 1772)">Victor-Emmanuel Leclerc</a>. </p><p>In July, Baciocchi was promoted to <i><a href="/wiki/Chef_de_bataillon" class="mw-redirect" title="Chef de bataillon">chef de bataillon</a></i>, with the command of the citadel at Ajaccio. In 1799, the extended Bonaparte family moved to Paris. Élisa set up home at 125 <a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Miromesnil" title="Rue de Miromesnil">rue de Miromesnil</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Quartier_du_Faubourg-du-Roule" title="Quartier du Faubourg-du-Roule">Quartier du Roule</a>, where she held receptions and put on plays. </p><p>During the rise of the Consulate, she and her brother Lucien held an artistic and literary salon at the Hôtel de Brissac, at which she met the journalist <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Fontanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis de Fontanes">Louis de Fontanes</a>, with whom she had a deep friendship for several years. On 14 May 1800, on the death of Lucien's first wife, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Boyer" title="Christine Boyer">Christine Boyer</a>, Élisa took Lucien's two daughters under her protection. She placed Charlotte, the eldest, in <a href="/wiki/Madame_Campan" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Campan">Madame Campan</a>'s boarding school for young women at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-en-Laye" title="Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a>. </p><p>At the start of November 1800, Lucien was reassigned from his job as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of the Interior">Minister of the Interior</a> to <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> as French <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassador</a> to the court of the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">King of Spain</a>. He took Élisa's husband, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Baciocchi_(1762%E2%80%931841)" class="mw-redirect" title="Félix Baciocchi (1762–1841)">Félix Baciocchi</a>, as his secretary. Élisa remained in Paris, but maintained a regular correspondence with her brother. </p><p>On 18 May 1804, the French Senate voted in favour of setting up the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a>, and Élisa and Napoleon's other sisters were established as members of the Imperial family, both taking the style "<i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Highness" title="Imperial Highness">Imperial Highness</a></i>" ("Altesse impériale"). Felice Baciocchi was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Brigade_general" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigade general">brigade general</a> and later made a senator. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Princess_of_Piombino_and_Lucca">Princess of Piombino and Lucca</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisa_Bonaparte&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Princess of Piombino and Lucca"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_%C3%89lisa_Bonaparte_as_princesse_de_Lucques_et_Piombino.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Coat_of_Arms_of_%C3%89lisa_Bonaparte_as_princesse_de_Lucques_et_Piombino.svg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_%C3%89lisa_Bonaparte_as_princesse_de_Lucques_et_Piombino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Coat_of_Arms_of_%C3%89lisa_Bonaparte_as_princesse_de_Lucques_et_Piombino.svg/330px-Coat_of_Arms_of_%C3%89lisa_Bonaparte_as_princesse_de_Lucques_et_Piombino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Coat_of_Arms_of_%C3%89lisa_Bonaparte_as_princesse_de_Lucques_et_Piombino.svg/440px-Coat_of_Arms_of_%C3%89lisa_Bonaparte_as_princesse_de_Lucques_et_Piombino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of Princess Bonaparte</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie_Guilhelmine_Benoist_-_Portrait_of_Elisa_Bonaparte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Marie_Guilhelmine_Benoist_-_Portrait_of_Elisa_Bonaparte.jpg/220px-Marie_Guilhelmine_Benoist_-_Portrait_of_Elisa_Bonaparte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Marie_Guilhelmine_Benoist_-_Portrait_of_Elisa_Bonaparte.jpg/330px-Marie_Guilhelmine_Benoist_-_Portrait_of_Elisa_Bonaparte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Marie_Guilhelmine_Benoist_-_Portrait_of_Elisa_Bonaparte.jpg/440px-Marie_Guilhelmine_Benoist_-_Portrait_of_Elisa_Bonaparte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2208" data-file-height="3611" /></a><figcaption>Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Marie-Guillemine_Benoist" title="Marie-Guillemine Benoist">Marie-Guillemine Benoist</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1805</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5_Franchi_Felix_and_Elisa_of_Lucca_%26_Piombino_1805.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/5_Franchi_Felix_and_Elisa_of_Lucca_%26_Piombino_1805.png/250px-5_Franchi_Felix_and_Elisa_of_Lucca_%26_Piombino_1805.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/5_Franchi_Felix_and_Elisa_of_Lucca_%26_Piombino_1805.png/375px-5_Franchi_Felix_and_Elisa_of_Lucca_%26_Piombino_1805.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/5_Franchi_Felix_and_Elisa_of_Lucca_%26_Piombino_1805.png/500px-5_Franchi_Felix_and_Elisa_of_Lucca_%26_Piombino_1805.png 2x" data-file-width="2789" data-file-height="1393" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silver_coin" title="Silver coin">Silver coin</a>: 5 Franchi of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Lucca_and_Piombino" title="Principality of Lucca and Piombino">Principality of Lucca and Piombino</a>, 1805, with the front side is the portrait of the couple Prince <a href="/wiki/Felice_Pasquale_Baciocchi" title="Felice Pasquale Baciocchi">Felix</a> and Elisa Bonaparte</figcaption></figure> <p>Her separation from her husband in 1805 was seen favorably by Napoleon (though he soon rejoined her after her promotion to Lucca). On 19 March 1805, Napoleon awarded her the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Piombino" title="Principality of Piombino">Principality of Piombino</a>, which had been French property for some years and was of major strategic interest to Napoleon due to its proximity to <a href="/wiki/Elba" title="Elba">Elba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>. Felice and Élisa took the titles "Prince and Princess of Piombino". In June 1805, the <a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">oligarchic</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Lucca" title="Republic of Lucca">Republic of Lucca</a>, which had been occupied by France since late 1799, was made a principality and added to Felice and Élisa's domain, their entry into Lucca and investiture ceremony following on 14 July 1805. </p><p>Napoleon had contemptuously called <a href="/wiki/Lucca" title="Lucca">Lucca</a> the "dwarf republic", due to its small size in terms of territory, but despite this it was a bulwark of political, religious, and commercial independence. Most of the power over Lucca and Piombino was exercised by Élisa, with Félix taking only a minor role and contenting himself with making military decisions. The inhabitants of Lucca, under French occupation and begrudging the loss of their independence, knew Élisa ironically as "<i>la Madame</i>" and had little sympathy for Napoleon, Élisa, or their attempts to "Frenchify" the republic. </p><p>Very active and concerned with administering the area, Élisa was surrounded at Lucca by ministers who largely remained in place right to the end of her reign. These ministers included her <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice">Minister of Justice</a>, Luigi Matteucci, her <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of the interior">Minister of the Interior</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>, Francesco Belluomini (replaced in October 1807 by his son Giuseppe), her finance ministers, Jean-Baptiste Froussard (head of the cabinet) and, later, Pierre d'Hautmesnil (with the budget portfolio). She also set up a court and court etiquette inspired by those at the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuileries">Tuileries</a>. </p><p>On 31 March 1806 Napoleon withdrew Massa and Carrara from the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Kingdom of Italy</a> to add to Élisa's possessions. Carrara was one of the biggest white marble suppliers in Europe and Élisa bolstered her prestige by establishing an <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_Beaux-Arts" title="Académie des Beaux-Arts">Académie des Beaux-Arts</a>, designed to host the greatest sculptors and thus make Carrara an exporter of marble statues, which had a greater value than the raw marble. She also set up the Banque Élisienne to give financial aid to sculptors and workers on marble taxes. She reformed the clergy at Lucca and Piombino from May 1806, during which reforms she nationalised their goods and lands and closed down convents which did not also function as hotels or schools. She also carried out legislative reform in Lucca, producing laws inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Code_Napoleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Code Napoleon">Code Napoleon</a> (such as the notable "Codice rurale del Principato di Piombino", issued on 24 March 1808) and producing a new penal code which was promulgated in 1807 and first reformed in 1810. </p><p>In 1807 she set up the <i>Committee of Public Charity</i> for distributing charity funds, made up of clergy and lay-people, and also instituted free medical consultations for the poor so as to eradicate the diseases then ravaging Lucca's population. She demolished Piombino's hospital to build a new one in the former monastery of Sant' Anastasia, with the new building opening in 1810, and also set up the <i>Casa Sanitaria</i>, a dispensary in the town's port. On 5 May 1807, decreed the established of the "Committee for the Encouragement of Agriculture, Arts and Commerce" to encourage and finance the invention of new machines and new techniques to increase the territories' agricultural production and experimental plantations such as those of <a href="/wiki/Mulberries" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberries">mulberries</a> at <a href="/wiki/Massa,_Tuscany" title="Massa, Tuscany">Massa</a>, where an École Normale de la Soie (Silk School) was created on 16 August 1808. </p><p>Élisa also set up many teaching establishments in Lucca and, in 1809, a "Direction Générale de l'Instruction Publique" (General Department of Public Education). On 1 December 1807 she set up the "Collège Félix", the only boys' secondary school in the principality. For girls, she began by fixing set curricula for convents that also operated as schools, then set up a body of "dames d'inspection" to verify that these curricula were being adhered to. Teaching of girls aged 5 to 8 was made compulsory, though the laws were not always well applied. On 2 July 1807, Élisa founded the "Institut Élisa" within the limits of a former convent for noble-born girls, to produce well-educated and cultivated future wives. On 29 July 1812, Élisa set up an establishment for young poor girls, the "Congregazione San Felice", though this did not long outlive Élisa's fall. </p><p>As with Napoleon, Élisa set up city improvement works in her territories, mainly to expand the princely palaces. These works were hotly contested, especially in Lucca, where the expansion of the princely palaces necessitated the demolition of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_San_Pietro" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of San Pietro">Church of San Pietro</a> in March 1807. She also razed an entire block in Lucca to build a piazza in the French style in front of her city residence (now the seat of the province and the prefecture). That block had included the Church of San Paolo with the venerated image of the <i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_(art)" title="Madonna (art)">Madonna</a> dei miracoli</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and so its demolition seriously affected the city's medieval architecture and almost sparked a revolt. </p><p>At Massa, she demolished a cathedral on 30 April 1807. The palace at Lucca was fully redecorated and the gardens improved, with the creation of a botanical garden with a menagerie and aviary in 1811. She also began road construction, notably the "route Friedland" to link Massa and Carrara, with work beginning on 15 August 1807 but becoming delayed and only completed in 1820. Lucca's status as a <a href="/wiki/Spa_town" title="Spa town">spa town</a> was also bolstered by her improvement of the architecture and decor of the town's baths. She began construction of an aqueduct into Lucca in 1811, but this too was only completed after her fall. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany">Grand Duchess of Tuscany</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisa_Bonaparte&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Grand Duchess of Tuscany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prud%27hon-Elisa_Bonaparte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Prud%27hon-Elisa_Bonaparte.jpg/200px-Prud%27hon-Elisa_Bonaparte.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Prud%27hon-Elisa_Bonaparte.jpg/300px-Prud%27hon-Elisa_Bonaparte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Prud%27hon-Elisa_Bonaparte.jpg/400px-Prud%27hon-Elisa_Bonaparte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1559" data-file-height="2116" /></a><figcaption>Elisa, as Grand Duchess of <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>, supported Napoleon's desire to unify Italy under Bonapartist rule.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 21 March 1801, Lucien Bonaparte and the King of Spain signed the <a href="/wiki/Third_Treaty_of_San_Ildefonso" title="Third Treaty of San Ildefonso">Third Treaty of San Ildefonso</a>, which restored <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> to France and in exchange established the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Etruria" title="Kingdom of Etruria">Kingdom of Etruria</a> by dividing <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>. The new kingdom was initially put in the charge of the <a href="/wiki/Infante" title="Infante">infante</a> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Louisa,_Duchess_of_Lucca" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Louisa, Duchess of Lucca">Maria Louisa</a> and her husband, <a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Etruria" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis of Etruria">Louis of Etruria</a>, but he soon proved to be a poor ruler and deceased soon after in 1803. Thus, on 29 October 1807, Napoleon signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(October_1807)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (October 1807)">Treaty of Fontainebleau</a> with the Spanish court. This transferred Tuscany to France, and, in November of that year, Marie-Louise left the kingdom. From 12 May 1808, Tuscany was entrusted to an intermediary governor, <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_Menou" title="Jacques-François Menou">Abdallah Jacques Menou</a>, a French soldier who had converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam (religion)">Islam</a> during <a href="/wiki/Napoleon%27s_invasion_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon's invasion of Egypt">Napoleon's invasion of Egypt</a>, but his way of life and lack of interest in the territory's affairs forced Napoleon to recall him on 5 April 1809. Élisa wished to become Governess of Tuscany in 1808, but she contracted an illness late in the year that prevented her from taking part in state affairs. She recovered in February 1809. A decree was officially created between the second and third of March that year which established the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a>, made <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> its capital and Élisa its "<a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchess of Tuscany">grand duchess</a>". However, the terms of the decree required Élisa to enforce the decisions of Napoleon and his ministers and denied her the power to modify any of these decisions. This was a significant difference compared to the relative autonomy Élisa enjoyed in <a href="/wiki/Lucca" title="Lucca">Lucca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piombino" title="Piombino">Piombino</a>. The decree also promoted Félix to the rank of <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_de_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Général de division">général de division</a></i>. </p><p>Elisa was the only woman Napoleon entrusted with a real political responsibility. He normally disliked politically active women, and while he did appoint his second wife regent during his absence, that post was nominal only. Elisa was thus an exceptional case for Napoleon in this issue. He was later to say about her </p> <dl><dd>“My sister, Elisa, has a masculine mind, a forceful character, noble qualities and outstanding intelligence; she will endure adversity with fortitude.” <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>On 2 April 1809, Élisa arrived in Florence, where she was coldly received by the nobility. Her arrival coincided with a revolt against compulsory conscription that ended after a mayor and a judge were assassinated. The conscription and many new taxes imposed on Tuscany by Napoleon were sources of conflicts in the region. As at Lucca, Élisa tried to nationalise the goods of the clergy and closed many convents. </p><p>She continued her patronage of arts and science. In 1809, she commissioned the sculptor <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Bartolini" title="Lorenzo Bartolini">Lorenzo Bartolini</a> to create busts of her immediate family. The first two volumes of the "Annali del Museo Imperiale di Fisica e Storia Naturale" of Florence were dedicated to her, in 1808 and 1809. The observatory at that museum of physics and natural history was the ancestor of Florence's present-day <a href="/wiki/Osservatorio_Astrofisico_di_Arcetri" class="mw-redirect" title="Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri">Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri</a>. </p><p>Élisa later became unwillingly involved in Napoleon's removal of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a>. Pius opposed the Empire's annexation of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>, and he refused to renounce his temporal powers. Pius then excommunicated Napoleon in the bull <i><a href="/wiki/Quum_memoranda" title="Quum memoranda">Quum memoranda</a></i> on 10 June 1809. In response to this intransigence, Napoleon selected a general, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Radet" title="Étienne Radet">Étienne Radet</a>, to remove the pope and eliminate a figure that could rally opposition against the Empire and his regime. The removal occurred on the night of 6 July 1809, and in the pope traveled toward <a href="/wiki/Savona" title="Savona">Savona</a> in the days following his ouster. The pope passed by Florence where Élisa did not welcome him in person and also asked Pius to leave the region soon as possible, so as not to displease her brother by being seen as welcoming his enemy. </p><p>Élisa's relations with Napoleon became increasingly strained. Napoleon frequently recalled Élisa for any irregularity in her execution of his orders in <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>. On 17 March 1810, Élisa arrived in Paris for Napoleon's marriage to <a href="/wiki/Marie-Louise_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie-Louise of Austria">Marie-Louise of Austria</a>, but Napoleon took advantage of her visit to reclaim the payments from his grants of Massa and Carrara. When Élisa returned to Tuscany, she found Napoleon still sought to claim payment of these grants via his envoys. Élisa refused to pay a second time, arguing that the territories had too few resources to pay Napoleon's demanded 200,000 lira. Napoleon threatened to seize Carrara from Élisa and also demanded Lucca raise men by conscription. Lucca was previously spared this burden prior to May 1811, and Napoleon's demands eroded Élisa support in Lucca. Élisa returned to Lucca from Florence and restored the villa now known as the <a href="/wiki/Villa_Reale_di_Marlia" class="mw-redirect" title="Villa Reale di Marlia">Villa Reale di Marlia</a>, despite the cold reception of the local community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fall_and_exile">Fall and exile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisa_Bonaparte&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fall and exile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1813, with Napoleon facing the allied coalition after his <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">Russian campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Bonaparte" title="Caroline Bonaparte">Caroline Bonaparte</a>'s husband <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Naples">King of Naples</a>, abandoned his brother-in-law and joined the Austrian cause by leading the Neapolitan to Rome, reaching Florence in January 1814. Élisa was forced to leave Tuscany for Lucca. The Neapolitans captured <a href="/wiki/Massa,_Tuscany" title="Massa, Tuscany">Massa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carrara" title="Carrara">Carrara</a> in March. An Anglo-Austrian force under <a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Lord William Bentinck</a> captured <a href="/wiki/Lucca" title="Lucca">Lucca</a> soon after, forcing the pregnant Élisa to flee on the night of 13 March 1814. Élisa was forced to abdicate as <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchess of Tuscany">Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a> in favor of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Grand Duke Ferdinand III's</a> restoration. Élisa made several short stays in Italy and France, notably seeking support in Marseille to return to Italy as a private individual. The former duchess' requests were denied, but she was able to stay in Austria for a time thanks to the efforts of her brother, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Bonaparte">Jérôme Bonaparte</a>, before moving to the Villa Caprara in <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>. </p><p>Napoleon was exiled to Elba on 13 April 1814 under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1814)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)">Treaty of Fontainebleau</a>, and Élisa was arrested on 25 March and interned in the Austrian fortress of <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BCnn" class="mw-redirect" title="Brünn">Brünn</a>. She was freed at the end of August and authorized to stay in <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> with the title of "Countess of Compignano". Élisa acquired a country house at <a href="/wiki/Villa_Vicentina" title="Villa Vicentina">Villa Vicentina</a> near <a href="/wiki/Cervignano_del_Friuli" title="Cervignano del Friuli">Cervignano</a> after her release and financed several archaeological digs in the region. She contracted a fatal illness in June 1820, probably at an excavation site, and died on 7 August at the age of 43. Élisa became the only adult sibling of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> not to survive the emperor. She was buried in the <a href="/wiki/San_Petronio_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="San Petronio Basilica">San Petronio Basilica</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_issue">Marriage and issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisa_Bonaparte&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Marriage and issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Principato_di_Lucca_e_Piombino_-_5_Franchi_1805.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Principato_di_Lucca_e_Piombino_-_5_Franchi_1805.jpg/220px-Principato_di_Lucca_e_Piombino_-_5_Franchi_1805.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Principato_di_Lucca_e_Piombino_-_5_Franchi_1805.jpg/330px-Principato_di_Lucca_e_Piombino_-_5_Franchi_1805.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Principato_di_Lucca_e_Piombino_-_5_Franchi_1805.jpg/440px-Principato_di_Lucca_e_Piombino_-_5_Franchi_1805.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Lucchese coin (1805) with <a href="/wiki/Jugate" title="Jugate">jugate</a> busts of Elisa and Felice</figcaption></figure> <p>She married <a href="/wiki/Felice_Pasquale_Baciocchi_Levoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Felice Pasquale Baciocchi Levoy">Felice Pasquale Baciocchi Levoy</a>, a member of Corsican <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a>, on 1 May 1797, created Prince Français, Duke of Lucca and Prince of Piombino and Prince of Massa-Carrara and La Garfagnana. They were parents of five children: </p> <ul><li>Felix Napoléon Baciocchi Levoy (1798–1799).</li> <li>Napoléon Baciocchi (1803–1803).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisa_Napol%C3%A9one_Baciocchi" title="Elisa Napoléone Baciocchi">Elisa Napoléone Baciocchi Levoy</a> (1806–1869); married <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe,_Comte_Camerata-Passione%C3%AF_de_Mazzoleni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe, Comte Camerata-Passioneï de Mazzoleni (page does not exist)">Philippe, Comte Camerata-Passioneï de Mazzoleni</a> (1805–1882), and had one son: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F%C3%A9lix_Jean-Baptiste_Camerata-Passionei_di_Mazzoleni" title="Charles Félix Jean-Baptiste Camerata-Passionei di Mazzoleni">Charles Félix Jean-Baptiste Camerata-Passionei di Mazzoleni</a> (1826–1853)</li></ul></li> <li>Jérôme Charles Baciocchi Levoy (1810–1811).</li> <li>Frédéric Napoléon Baciocchi Levoy (1813–1833).</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoleona_Elisa_Baciocchi_by_Benoist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Elisa Napoléone by Marie-Guillemine Benoist, 1810"><img alt="Elisa Napoléone by Marie-Guillemine Benoist, 1810" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Napoleona_Elisa_Baciocchi_by_Benoist.jpg/92px-Napoleona_Elisa_Baciocchi_by_Benoist.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Napoleona_Elisa_Baciocchi_by_Benoist.jpg/138px-Napoleona_Elisa_Baciocchi_by_Benoist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Napoleona_Elisa_Baciocchi_by_Benoist.jpg/184px-Napoleona_Elisa_Baciocchi_by_Benoist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="444" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Elisa Napoléone by <a href="/wiki/Marie-Guillemine_Benoist" title="Marie-Guillemine Benoist">Marie-Guillemine Benoist</a>, 1810</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elisa_Bonaparte_with_her_daughter_Napoleona_Baciocchi_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard_-_Google_Cultural_Institute.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait with her daughter Elisa by François Gérard, 1811"><img alt="Portrait with her daughter Elisa by François Gérard, 1811" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Elisa_Bonaparte_with_her_daughter_Napoleona_Baciocchi_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard_-_Google_Cultural_Institute.jpg/90px-Elisa_Bonaparte_with_her_daughter_Napoleona_Baciocchi_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard_-_Google_Cultural_Institute.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Elisa_Bonaparte_with_her_daughter_Napoleona_Baciocchi_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard_-_Google_Cultural_Institute.jpg/135px-Elisa_Bonaparte_with_her_daughter_Napoleona_Baciocchi_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard_-_Google_Cultural_Institute.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Elisa_Bonaparte_with_her_daughter_Napoleona_Baciocchi_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard_-_Google_Cultural_Institute.jpg/181px-Elisa_Bonaparte_with_her_daughter_Napoleona_Baciocchi_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard_-_Google_Cultural_Institute.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12533" data-file-height="16637" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portrait with her daughter Elisa by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard" title="François Gérard">François Gérard</a>, 1811</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisa_Bonaparte&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Florence Vidal, Élisa Bonaparte, éd. Pygmalion, 2005. 310 p. (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2857049692" title="Special:BookSources/2857049692">2857049692</a>)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Emmanuel de Beaufond, <i>Élisa Bonaparte, princesse de Lucques et de Piombino</i>, Paris : L'Univers (brochure hors-série du quotidien catholique), 1895. 32 p.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Paul Marmottan, <i>Élisa Bonaparte</i>, Paris : H. Champion, 1898. 317 p.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Jean d'Hertault, comte de Beaufort (under the pseudonym Jean de Beaufort), <i>Élisa Bonaparte, princesse de Lucques et Piombino, grande-duchesse de Toscane (1777–1820)</i>, 1904 (brochure de 16 pages)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Sforza, Giovanni, <i>I figli di Elisa Baciocchi</i>, in <i>Ricordi e biografie lucchesi</i>, Lucca, tip.ed. Baroni 1916 [ma 1918]. pp. 269–293</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Elisa_Baciocchi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Elisa Baciocchi">Elisa Baciocchi</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisa_Bonaparte&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sacrumluce.sns.it/mv/html/sacrumluce.html">Image</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091219150931/http://sacrumluce.sns.it/mv/html/sacrumluce.html">Archived</a> 19 December 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margery Weiner, <i>The Parvenu Princesses: Elisa, Pauline and Caroline Bonaparte</i> (John Murray, 1964)</span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Elisa Bonaparte </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 13 January 1777</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 7 August 1820</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Etruria" title="Kingdom of Etruria">Kingdom of Etruria</a></div><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles II, Duke of Parma">King Louis II</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a> </b><br />1809–1814 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinand III</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Princess of <a href="/wiki/Lucca" title="Lucca">Lucca</a> </b><br />1805–1814 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Louisa_of_Spain,_Queen_of_Etruria" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Louisa of Spain, Queen of Etruria">Maria Louisa of Spain</a><br /><small><b>as Duchess</b></small></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_II_Boncompagni_Ludovisi" title="Antonio II Boncompagni Ludovisi">Antonio II Boncompagni Ludovisi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Piombino" title="Principality of Piombino">Princess of Piombino</a> </b><br />1805–1808 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Boncompagni-Ludovisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Boncompagni-Ludovisi (page does not exist)">Luigi Boncompagni-Ludovisi</a><br /><small>(titular Prince)</small></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Imperial_House_of_France_(First_French_Empire)" title="Template:Imperial House of France (First French Empire)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon, Emperor of the French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine, Empress of the French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma">Marie Louise, Empress of the French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_II" title="Napoleon II">Napoleon, King of Rome</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_(1804-1815).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg/100px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg/150px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg/200px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2229" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobility_of_the_First_French_Empire" title="Nobility of the First French Empire">French Princes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_de_Beauharnais" title="Eugène de Beauharnais">Eugène de Beauharnais</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elisa Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Bonaparte">Jérôme Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fesch" title="Joseph Fesch">Joseph Fesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Lucien Bonaparte">Lucien Bonaparte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Several family members held additional titles in <a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">vassal states</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bonaparte_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bonaparte_family" title="Template:Bonaparte family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bonaparte_family" title="Template talk:Bonaparte family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bonaparte_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bonaparte family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bonaparte_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">Bonaparte family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph I of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Lucien Bonaparte">Lucien, Prince of Canino and Musignano</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elisa, Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis I of Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Bonaparte" title="Pauline Bonaparte">Pauline, Princess of Guastalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Bonaparte" title="Caroline Bonaparte">Caroline, Queen of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Bonaparte">Jérôme I of Westfalia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grandes_Armes_Imp%C3%A9riales_(1804-1815)2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Grandes_Armes_Imp%C3%A9riales_%281804-1815%292.svg/120px-Grandes_Armes_Imp%C3%A9riales_%281804-1815%292.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Grandes_Armes_Imp%C3%A9riales_%281804-1815%292.svg/180px-Grandes_Armes_Imp%C3%A9riales_%281804-1815%292.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Grandes_Armes_Imp%C3%A9riales_%281804-1815%292.svg/240px-Grandes_Armes_Imp%C3%A9riales_%281804-1815%292.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2215" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A9na%C3%AFde_Bonaparte" title="Zénaïde Bonaparte">Zénaïde, Princess of Canino and Musignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bonaparte" title="Charlotte Bonaparte">Princess Charlotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_II" title="Napoleon II">Napoléon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bonaparte_Gabrielli" title="Charlotte Bonaparte Gabrielli">Charlotte, Princess Mario Gabrielli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Charles Lucien Bonaparte">Charles Lucien, Prince of Canino and Musignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Louis Lucien Bonaparte">Prince Louis Lucien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Pierre Napoléon Bonaparte">Prince Pierre Napoléon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on-Charles_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon-Charles Bonaparte">Napoléon Charles, Prince Royal of Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Louis_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Louis Bonaparte">Louis II of Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoléon III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermide_Leclerc" title="Dermide Leclerc">Dermide Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Napoléon Bonaparte">Prince Jérôme Napoléon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Napol%C3%A9on_Charles_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Napoléon Charles Bonaparte">Prince Jérôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathilde_Bonaparte" title="Mathilde Bonaparte">Mathilde, Princess of San Donato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Napol%C3%A9on-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Prince Napoléon-Jérôme Bonaparte">Napoléon, Prince of Monfort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Lucien Bonaparte">Joseph Lucien, Prince of Canino and Musignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bonaparte_(cardinal)" title="Lucien Bonaparte (cardinal)">Lucien, Prince of Canino and Musignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_Bonaparte_Gabrielli" title="Augusta Bonaparte Gabrielli">Augusta, Princess Placido Gabrielli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Charles_Bonaparte,_5th_Prince_of_Canino" title="Napoléon Charles Bonaparte, 5th Prince of Canino">Napoléon Charles, Prince of Canino and Musignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Bonaparte" title="Roland Bonaparte">Roland, Prince of Canino and Musignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Bonaparte" title="Jeanne Bonaparte">Jeanne, Marchioness of Villeneuve-Escaplon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Napol%C3%A9on,_Prince_Imperial" title="Louis-Napoléon, Prince Imperial">Napoléon, Prince Imperial of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Napoleon_Bonaparte_II" title="Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte II">Prince Jerome Napoleon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Charles Joseph Bonaparte">Prince Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor,_Prince_Napol%C3%A9on" title="Victor, Prince Napoléon">Victor, Prince Napoléon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte_(1864%E2%80%931932)" title="Louis Bonaparte (1864–1932)">Prince Louis Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Letizia_Bonaparte,_Duchess_of_Aosta" title="Maria Letizia Bonaparte, Duchess of Aosta">Princess Marie Letizia, Duchess of Aosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bonaparte-Wyse" title="William Bonaparte-Wyse">William Bonaparte-Wyse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Bonaparte-Wyse" title="Marie Bonaparte-Wyse">Marie Bonaparte-Wyse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bonaparte-Wyse" title="Lucien Bonaparte-Wyse">Lucien Bonaparte-Wyse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bonaparte" title="Mary Bonaparte">Princess Mary, Mrs. Enrico Gotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenie_Bonaparte" title="Eugenie Bonaparte">Eugénie, Princess of La Moskowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Bonaparte" title="Marie Bonaparte">Marie, Princess George of Greece and Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Clotilde_Bonaparte" title="Marie Clotilde Bonaparte">Marie Clotilde, Countess Serge de Witt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Prince_Napol%C3%A9on" title="Louis, Prince Napoléon">Louis, Prince Napoléon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bonaparte-Wyse" title="Andrew Bonaparte-Wyse">Andrew Bonaparte-Wyse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenia_Rasponi" title="Eugenia Rasponi">Eugenia Rasponi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_Napol%C3%A9on" title="Charles, Prince Napoléon">Charles, Prince Napoléon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe,_Prince_Napol%C3%A9on" title="Jean-Christophe, Prince Napoléon">Jean-Christophe, Prince Napoléon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151083#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120987779">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4938897">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/108610/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjxpRv8DVBCdqYTKG9bh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118505483">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83018191">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11985691h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11985691h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bonaparte, Elisa <principessa di Lucca e Piombino>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV091158">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1263516">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p122455398">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810613354505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/54023">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007274407905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="BONAPARTE, Elisa"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/elisa-bonaparte_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118505483.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118505483">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/084731044">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zp4spd">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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