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hartu Wikimedia Estoniak jarritako erronkan.\u003C/center\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"clear:both;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Jatorria_eta_historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jatorria_eta_historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Jatorria eta historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jatorria_eta_historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zelaia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zelaia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zelaia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zelaia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irteerak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irteerak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Irteerak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irteerak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kalea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kalea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kalea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kalea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Berdegunea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Berdegunea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Berdegunea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Berdegunea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zelaiako_parrak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zelaiako_parrak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Zelaiako <i>par</i>rak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zelaiako_parrak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swinga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swinga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span><i>Swing</i>a</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swinga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kolpeak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kolpeak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kolpeak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kolpeak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arauak_eta_erregelamenduak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arauak_eta_erregelamenduak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Arauak eta erregelamenduak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arauak_eta_erregelamenduak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Arauak eta erregelamenduak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arauak_eta_erregelamenduak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zigorrak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zigorrak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Zigorrak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zigorrak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekipamendua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekipamendua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Ekipamendua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekipamendua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pilota" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pilota"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Pilota</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pilota-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Pilota azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pilota-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pilota_motak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pilota_motak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Pilota motak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pilota_motak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nukleo_likidoko_wound_pilota" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nukleo_likidoko_wound_pilota"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.1</span> <span>Nukleo likidoko <i>wound </i>pilota</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nukleo_likidoko_wound_pilota-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nukleo_solidoko_wound_pilota" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nukleo_solidoko_wound_pilota"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.2</span> <span>Nukleo solidoko <i>wound </i>pilota</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nukleo_solidoko_wound_pilota-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geruza_anitzekoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geruza_anitzekoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.3</span> <span>Geruza anitzekoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geruza_anitzekoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bi_geruzako_nukleo_solidoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bi_geruzako_nukleo_solidoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.4</span> <span>Bi geruzako nukleo solidoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bi_geruzako_nukleo_solidoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golf_arauak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golf_arauak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Golf arauak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golf_arauak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etiketa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etiketa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Etiketa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Etiketa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Etiketa azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Etiketa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jokabidea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jokabidea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Jokabidea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jokabidea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jokoaren_bilakaera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jokoaren_bilakaera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Jokoaren bilakaera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jokoaren_bilakaera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lehentasuna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lehentasuna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Lehentasuna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lehentasuna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Janzkera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Janzkera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Janzkera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Janzkera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zelaiko_segurtasuna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zelaiko_segurtasuna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.5</span> <span>Zelaiko segurtasuna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zelaiko_segurtasuna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balizko_ondorioak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balizko_ondorioak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.6</span> <span>Balizko ondorioak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balizko_ondorioak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Txapelketa_nagusiak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Txapelketa_nagusiak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Txapelketa nagusiak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Txapelketa_nagusiak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golflari_ezagunak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golflari_ezagunak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Golflari ezagunak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golflari_ezagunak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Euskal_Herriko_golflari_ezagunak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Euskal_Herriko_golflari_ezagunak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Euskal Herriko golflari ezagunak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euskal_Herriko_golflari_ezagunak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Eduki-taula" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Golf</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 125 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-125" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">125 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gholf" title="Gholf – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gholf" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(Sport)" title="Golf (Sport) – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Golf (Sport)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8E%E1%88%8D%E1%8D%8D" title="ጎልፍ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጎልፍ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="غولف – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غولف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="ڭولف – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ڭولف" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="جولف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جولف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qolf" title="Qolf – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qolf" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="قولف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قولف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Гольф – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гольф" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goif_(Spuat)" title="Goif (Spuat) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Goif (Spuat)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guolfs" title="Guolfs – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Guolfs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Гольф – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гольф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Гольф – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гольф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_sontok" title="Bola sontok – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bola sontok" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84" title="Голф – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Голф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%AB" title="গল্‌ফ – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গল্‌ফ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Гольф – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гольф" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%86%DA%B5%D9%81" title="گۆڵف – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گۆڵف" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Гольф – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гольф" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golff" title="Golff – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Golff" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(Sport)" title="Golf (Sport) – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Golf (Sport)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%86" title="Γκολφ – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκολφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfo_(sporto)" title="Golfo (sporto) – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Golfo (sporto)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%81" title="گلف – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گلف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – friulera" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galf" title="Galf – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Galf" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goilf" title="Goilf – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Goilf" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – manxera" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A3" title="גולף – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גולף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC" title="गॉल्फ़ – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गॉल्फ़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B2lf_(esp%C3%B2)" title="Gòlf (espò) – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gòlf (espò)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D5%AC%D6%86" title="Գոլֆ – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գոլֆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfo" title="Golfo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Golfo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95" title="ゴルフ – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゴルフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="გოლფი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გოლფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Гольф – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гольф" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗಾಲ್ಫ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಾಲ್ಫ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A8%ED%94%84" title="골프 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="골프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Гольф – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гольф" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilamalleus" title="Pilamalleus – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pilamalleus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(Sport)" title="Golf (Sport) – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Golf (Sport)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(sport)" title="Golf (sport) – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Golf (sport)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfas" title="Golfas – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Golfas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfs" title="Golfs – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Golfs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84" title="Голф – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Голф" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗോൾഫ് – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗോൾഫ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Гольф – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гольф" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB" title="गोल्फ – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गोल्फ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – mirandesa" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဂေါက်သီးကစားနည်း – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂေါက်သီးကစားနည်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(Sport)" title="Golf (Sport) – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Golf (Sport)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB" title="गल्फ – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गल्फ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(sport)" title="Golf (sport) – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Golf (sport)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B2lf" title="Gòlf – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gòlf" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC" title="ਗੌਲਫ਼ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੌਲਫ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B2lf" title="Gòlf – papiamentoa" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Gòlf" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamentoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galateucc" title="Galateucc – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Galateucc" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81" title="گالف – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گالف" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfe" title="Golfe – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Golfe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(sport)" title="Golf (sport) – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Golf (sport)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Гольф – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гольф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84" title="Ґолф – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґолф" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umupira_w%E2%80%99agakoni" title="Umupira w’agakoni – kinyaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Umupira w’agakoni" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="गोल्फ्-क्रीडा – sanskritoa" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गोल्फ्-क्रीडा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskritoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gowf" title="Gowf – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gowf" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A" title="ගොල්ෆ් – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගොල්ෆ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfi" title="Golfi – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Golfi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84" title="Голф – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Голф" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gofu_(michezo)" title="Gofu (michezo) – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gofu (michezo)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – silesiera" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="குழிப்பந்தாட்டம் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குழிப்பந்தாட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D" title="గోల్ఫ్ – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గోల్ఫ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84" title="Голф – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Голф" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F" title="กอล์ฟ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กอล์ฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Гольф – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гольф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81" title="گالف – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گالف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf" title="Golf – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Golf" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%83" title="高尔夫球 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="高尔夫球" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A3_(%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C)" title="גאלף (שפיל) – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גאלף (שפיל)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%83" title="高爾夫球 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高爾夫球" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soa%E2%81%BF-ki%C3%BB" title="Soaⁿ-kiû – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Soaⁿ-kiû" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%83" title="哥爾夫球 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哥爾夫球" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Tiger_Woods_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tiger_Woods_2004.jpg/220px-Tiger_Woods_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="402" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tiger_Woods_2004.jpg/330px-Tiger_Woods_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tiger_Woods_2004.jpg/440px-Tiger_Woods_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1190" data-file-height="2177" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Woods" title="Tiger Woods">Tiger Woods</a> jokoan.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Golf</b>a edo <b>kali joko</b>a pilota txiki bati ahalik eta kolpe gutxien emanez hainbat zulotako zirkuitua osatzean datzan <a href="/wiki/Kirol" title="Kirol">kirola</a> da. Jokalariei <i>golflari</i> deritze. </p><p>Pilota joku gehienek ez bezala, ez du, eta ezin du joko eremu estandarizaturik erabili, eta zelai bakoitzak dituen lur-eremu bereziei aurre egitea jokoaren funtsezko zatia da. Ibilbideek, normalean, 18 edo 9 zulo izaten dituzte, bakoitzak zulo bat duen lur-eremuak, pilota jasoko duen zuloa. Ibilbideko zulo bakoitzak, hasteko, <i>tee</i> deritzan irteera leku bat du, eta zuloa daukan eremu berde bat (<i>green</i>). Hainbat lur mota estandar daude <i>tee</i>ren eta <i>green</i>en artean, hala nola kalea, sasitza (belar handia) eta hainbat oztopo: ura, harkaitzak edo hondarrez betetako bunkerrak. Kale bakoitzak zulo bakarra du, bere kokapen zehatzean. </p><p>Partidak bi modutara joka daitezke: jokalari batek zulo guztiak kolpe kopuru txikiena emanez lortzea, <i>stroke play</i> edo kolpekako joko izenaz ezagutzen dena, edo, jokalari edo talde batek egindako txandan, osoko zulo indibidualenetan puntuazio baxuena lortzea, <i>match play</i> edo partida-jokoa deritzona. Maila guztietako formatu ohikoena <i>stroke play</i> da, batez ere eliteari dagokionez. </p><p>Joko modernoa <a href="/wiki/Eskozia" title="Eskozia">Eskozian</a> sortu zen <a href="/wiki/XV._mendea" title="XV. mendea">XV. mendean</a>. Hemezorti zulotako ibilbidea <a href="/wiki/St_Andrewsko_Old_Course" title="St Andrewsko Old Course">St Andrewsko Zelai Zaharrean</a> sortu zen 1764an. Lehen txapelketa nagusia —munduko golf txapelketa zaharrena ere bada— <a href="/wiki/Erresuma_Batuko_Golf_Irekia" title="Erresuma Batuko Golf Irekia"><i>The Open Championship</i></a> da, <i>British Open</i> izenaz ere ezaguna, lehen aldiz 1860an Ayrshireko (<a href="/wiki/Eskozia" title="Eskozia">Eskozia</a>) Prestwick Golf Klubean jokatu zena. Gizonezkoen golf profesionaleko lau txapelketa handietako bat da; beste hirurak Estatu Batuetan jokatzen dira: <a href="/wiki/Masters_Txapelketa" title="Masters Txapelketa">Mastersa</a>, <a href="/wiki/AEBko_Irekia_(golfa)" title="AEBko Irekia (golfa)">AEBetako Irekia</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=PGA_txapelketa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PGA txapelketa (sortu gabe)">PGA txapelketa</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jatorria_eta_historia">Jatorria eta historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Jatorria eta historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Jatorria eta historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ming_Emperor_Xuande_playing_Golf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Ming_Emperor_Xuande_playing_Golf.jpg/290px-Ming_Emperor_Xuande_playing_Golf.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Ming_Emperor_Xuande_playing_Golf.jpg/435px-Ming_Emperor_Xuande_playing_Golf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Ming_Emperor_Xuande_playing_Golf.jpg/580px-Ming_Emperor_Xuande_playing_Golf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Ming_dinastia" title="Ming dinastia">Ming Dinastiako</a> <a href="/wiki/Xuande" title="Xuande">Xuande Enperadorea</a> <i>chuiwan</i> jokoa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Jokoari buruzko lehen berria <a href="/wiki/XV._mendea" title="XV. mendea">XV. mendekoa</a> da, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgo" title="Edinburgo">Edinburgon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eskozia" title="Eskozia">Eskozia</a>) jokatutako partida batena. Eskozian, artzainek harri biribilak kolpatzen zituzten makila batez helmuga bateraino heldu arte. Geroxeago arauak ezarriz joan ziren. </p><p>Hasieran, golfak estatus sozial eta ekonomiko ezberdineko jendea elkarrekin jokatzea lortu zuen. Idatziz jasotako lehenengo partidan, <a href="/wiki/Galesko_printze" title="Galesko printze">Galesko Printzeak</a> eta John Paterson zapatariak jokatu zuten 1682 urtean. </p><p>1744an, Eskozian, lehen golflari-elkartea sortu zen eta, 1745an, golf arautegia <a href="/wiki/Erresuma_Batua" title="Erresuma Batua">Erresuma Batuan</a>. <a href="/wiki/XVIII._mendea" title="XVIII. mendea">XVIII. mendean</a> zehar, lehen elkarteak eratu ziren: <i>Edinburgh Golfers</i> (1744) eta <i>St. Andrews Society of Golfers</i> (1754) </p><p>Historialari batzuek<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> erromatarren <i>paganika</i> jokoarekin alderatzen dute: hor, parte-hartzaileek makila konkortua erabiltzen zuten lumaz betetako larruzko pilota bat jotzeko. Teoria batek dio paganika Europa osoan hedatu zela erromatarrek kontinentearen zatirik handiena konkistatu zutenean, <a href="/wiki/K.a._I._mendea" title="K.a. I. mendea">K.a. I. mendean</a>, eta, azkenean, joko modernora garatu zela<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Beste batzuek, berriz, <i>chuiwan </i>(txineraz 捶丸: <i>chui </i>k jo esan nahi du, eta <i>wan </i> pilota txikia)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aipatzen dute arbaso gisa, <a href="/wiki/VIII._mendea" title="VIII. mendea">VIII.</a> eta <a href="/wiki/XIV._mendea" title="XIV. mendea">XIV. mendeen</a> artean jokatutako joko txinatarra<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Youqiu artistak 1368an egindako <i>Udazkeneko oturuntza</i> izeneko <a href="/wiki/Ming_dinastia" title="Ming dinastia">Ming dinastiaren</a> pergamino batek erakusten du Txinako gorte inperialeko kide bat golf makil bat dirudiena pilota txiki batean kulunkatzen, zulo batean hondoratzeko asmoz. Jokoa, Europan, <a href="/wiki/Erdi_Aroa" title="Erdi Aroa">Erdi Aroan</a> sartu zela uste da<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:The_MacDonald_boys_playing_golf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/The_MacDonald_boys_playing_golf.jpg/250px-The_MacDonald_boys_playing_golf.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/The_MacDonald_boys_playing_golf.jpg/500px-The_MacDonald_boys_playing_golf.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1449" data-file-height="1769" /></a><figcaption><i>MacDonald gazteak golfean aritzen</i>, William Mosman-i egotzia. <a href="/wiki/XVIII._mendea" title="XVIII. mendea">XVIII. mendea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eskoziako_Galeria_Nazionala" title="Eskoziako Galeria Nazionala">Eskoziako Galeria Nazionala</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Golf modernoaren antza zuen beste joko goiztiar bati <a href="/wiki/Ingalaterra" title="Ingalaterra">Ingalaterran</a> <i>cambuca </i>eta <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantzian</a> <i>chambot </i>esaten zitzaion<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Beste jatorri bat Persiako antzinako <i>txowkan </i>jokoa izan liteke, baina poloaren antza handiagoa du. Gainera, <i>kolven </i>jokoa (pilota eta makil kurbatuak erabiltzen duena) <a href="/wiki/Loenen" title="Loenen">Loenenen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Herbehereak" title="Herbehereak">Herbehereak</a>) urtero jokatzen zen 1297z geroztik, urtebete lehenago Floris V.aren hiltzailearen harrapaketa ospatzeko. </p><p>Joko modernoa <a href="/wiki/Eskozia" title="Eskozia">Eskozian</a> sortu zen: golfaren lehen erregistro idatzia James II.ak jokoa debekatzeari buruzkoa izan zen, 1457an, arku-tiroa ikasteko dibertimendu desegokitzat hartzen baitzuen<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Santiago IV.ak 1502an kendu zuen debekua, golflari bihurtu zenean eta, 1503 eta 1504an, lehen aldiz erregistratu ziren makilak: «jokatzen zuen erregeari golf makilak eta pilotak egiteko»<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Golflari askok <a href="/wiki/St_Andrewsko_Old_Course" title="St Andrewsko Old Course">St Andrewsko Antzinako Zelaia</a>, 1574 baino lehenagoko lotura-ibilbidea, erromesaldi lekutzat hartzen dute<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 1764an, 18 zulotako golf-zelai estandarra sortu zen <a href="/wiki/St_Andrews" title="St Andrews">St Andrewsen</a>, kideek zelaia 22 zulotatik 18tara aldatu zutenean<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 1672ko martxoaren 2an, golfa <a href="/wiki/Musselburgh" title="Musselburgh">Musselburgh Lins</a>en (<a href="/wiki/Ekialdeko_Lothian" title="Ekialdeko Lothian">Ekialdeko Lothian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eskozia" title="Eskozia">Eskozia</a>) jokatzen zela egiaztatuta dago, <a href="/wiki/Errekorren_Guinness_Liburua" title="Errekorren Guinness Liburua">Errekorren Guinness Liburuak</a> munduko golf zelairik zaharrena gisan aurkezten baitu<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Arau zaharrenak 1744ko martxoan bildu ziren <i>Company of Gentlemen Golfers</i> elkartearentzat, geroago <i>The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers</i> izena hartu zuena: hura <a href="/wiki/Leith" title="Leith">Leith</a> hirian (<a href="/wiki/Eskozia" title="Eskozia">Eskozia</a>) jokatu zen<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Munduko golf txapelketarik zaharrena eta golfeko lehen txapelketa nagusia <i>The Open Championship</i> da, lehen aldiz 1860ko urriaren 17an Ayrshireko Prestwick Golf Clubean jokatu eta golflari eskoziarrek irabazi zutena<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Dunfermline" title="Dunfermline">Dunfermlineko</a> bi eskoziarrek, John Reidek eta Robert Lockhartek, kirola lehen aldiz erakutsi zuten AEBetan, 1888an baratze batean zulo bat eginez, Reidek AEBetako lehen golf kluba sortzean: Saint Andrew's Golf Club, <a href="/wiki/Yonkers" title="Yonkers">Yonkersen</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New Yorken</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zelaia">Zelaia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zelaia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Zelaia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Golf_course_Golfplatz_Wittenbeck_Mecklenburg_Ostsee_Baltic_Sea_Germany.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Golf_course_Golfplatz_Wittenbeck_Mecklenburg_Ostsee_Baltic_Sea_Germany.jpg/220px-Golf_course_Golfplatz_Wittenbeck_Mecklenburg_Ostsee_Baltic_Sea_Germany.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Golf_course_Golfplatz_Wittenbeck_Mecklenburg_Ostsee_Baltic_Sea_Germany.jpg/330px-Golf_course_Golfplatz_Wittenbeck_Mecklenburg_Ostsee_Baltic_Sea_Germany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Golf_course_Golfplatz_Wittenbeck_Mecklenburg_Ostsee_Baltic_Sea_Germany.jpg/440px-Golf_course_Golfplatz_Wittenbeck_Mecklenburg_Ostsee_Baltic_Sea_Germany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption> Golf zelaiaren ibilbidearen aire ikuspegia, Wittenbeck, <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg" title="Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania">Alemania</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Tammer-Golf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Tammer-Golf.jpg/220px-Tammer-Golf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Tammer-Golf.jpg/330px-Tammer-Golf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Tammer-Golf.jpg/440px-Tammer-Golf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4632" data-file-height="2144" /></a><figcaption><i>Tammer Golf</i> ibilbidea, <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Competici%C3%B3n_de_golf_en_Lasarte_(6_de_11)_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Competici%C3%B3n_de_golf_en_Lasarte_%286_de_11%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg/300px-Competici%C3%B3n_de_golf_en_Lasarte_%286_de_11%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Competici%C3%B3n_de_golf_en_Lasarte_%286_de_11%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg/450px-Competici%C3%B3n_de_golf_en_Lasarte_%286_de_11%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Competici%C3%B3n_de_golf_en_Lasarte_%286_de_11%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg/600px-Competici%C3%B3n_de_golf_en_Lasarte_%286_de_11%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>Golf lehiaketa <a href="/wiki/Lasarte" class="mw-redirect" title="Lasarte">Lasarten</a> (1931).</figcaption></figure> <p>Golfa aire librean eta <a href="/wiki/Soropil" title="Soropil">soropil</a> gainean praktikatzen da. Beste hainbeste kirol ez bezala, ez du jokalekuari buruzko azalera estandarrik. Zelaia, beraz, azalera zabal eta 9-18 zulo bitarteko ibilbidez osatua da. Ibilbide bakoitzaren amaieran, jokalariak pilota zulo banatan sartu behar du, ahalik eta kolpe gutxien emanez. Orokorrean, zuloak ibilbideko ordenaren araberako izena hartzen du: lehena, bigarrena, hirugarrena eta abar. Batzuetan, zuloak izen komertzial, pertsonen omenean edo zuloaren ezaugarriengatik (zailtasuna, diseinua, ondoko loreak...) izendatzen dira. </p><p>Eskoziako lehen golf zelaiak lotura-lurretan (<i>links land</i>) zeuden nagusiki, lurrez estalitako hareazko dunetan hondartzetatik zuzenean barnealderantz. <i>Links </i>hitza eskoziar hizkuntzatik eta antzinako ingelesezko <i>hlinc </i>hitzetik ("gorantz doan lurra", "gandorra") eratorria da: tradizioz, kostaldeko hareazko dunak dira, baina, batzuetan, parke irekiak<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Horrek <i>golf-links</i> terminoa sortu zuen, bereziki itsasertzeko zelaiei eta, berez, lur hareatsuetan eraikitakoei ematen zaiena<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Estatu Batuetako 18 zulotako lehen golf zelaia <a href="/wiki/Downers_Grove_(Illinois)" title="Downers Grove (Illinois)">Downers Groveko</a> (<a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>) ardi haztegi batean irekitakoa izan zen, 1892an<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Golf_field.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Golf_field.svg/220px-Golf_field.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Golf_field.svg/330px-Golf_field.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Golf_field.svg/440px-Golf_field.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>1: <i>tee</i> gunea, 2: ur oztopoa, 3: harritsua, 4: mugak, 5: oztopoa, hareazko bunkerra, 6: ur oztopoa, 7: belardia, 8: berdea (<i>green</i>), 9: banderatxoa, 10: zuloa</figcaption></figure> <p>Zelaiak, orokorrean, bi kategoria nagusitan sailkatzen dira: </p> <ul><li>Zelai profesionala: <a href="/w/index.php?title=USGA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USGA (sortu gabe)">USGAren</a> (United States Golf Association) araberakoa. 18 zuloren arteko ibilbideek, irteeratik hasita, 7.000 <a href="/wiki/Yarda" title="Yarda">yarda</a> (6.400,80 <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">metro</a>) luze izan behar dute, gutxienez.</li> <li>Zelai turistikoa: 7.000 yardatik beherakoak.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Irteerak">Irteerak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Irteerak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Irteerak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lehen zuloa jokatzen hasteko, jokalariak gune txiki horizontal eta belar laburreko batean jartzen dira: <i>tee </i>gunea izena du (ingelesezko <i>tee box</i> hitzetatik dator). Kolpe txarra joz gero, berriz egin dezakete. Zenbait zelaitako irteera kolore ezberdinetako burdina barra batekin markatzen da, jokoa adinaren eta sexuaren arabera ordenatzeko. Adibidez, barra gorria emakume eta umeentzat erabiltzen da, eta horia, gizonezkoentzat. Barra gorria zulotik horia baino hurbilago dago: hala ere, irizpide hori ez da zelai guztietan betetzen. </p><p>Lehen irteeran, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tee (sortu gabe)">tee</a> deritzon euskarria <i>tee </i>gunean kokatzen da eta, gainean, pilota jartzen da. <i>Tee</i>ari esker, pilota lurra baino pittin bat altuago dago, eta lehen kolpea eraginkorragoa izatea lortzen da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kalea">Kalea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kalea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Kalea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Irteeratik zulorainoko espazioak dira eta bi azalera mota dituzte: </p> <ul><li><b>Zelaia</b>: Belarra ongi moztutako eremua da, eta jokalariek erraztasunez, kolpatzeko aukera duten lekua.</li> <li><b>Sasitza</b>: Belar altuagoa duen gunea da, kolpea zailtzen duena.</li></ul> <p>Jokalariak, normalean, zelaian ibiltzen saiatzen dira. </p><p>Kaleen alboetan, bestelako oztopoak egoten dira inoiz, esaterako, <i>bunker</i>rak (hareaz eta belarrez betetako eremuak) eta urmaelak. Zuhaitzak eta harriak ere oztopo natural bihur daitezke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Berdegunea">Berdegunea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Berdegunea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Berdegunea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zuloa berdegunean (<i>green </i>ingelesez) dago. Eremu horretan, belarra oso ongi ebakita dago eta zorua ia erabat laua mantendutzen da, baina ondulazio batzuk ditu, pilotaren ibilbide zuzena aldatzeko eta, horrela, jokoa zailtzeko. Zuloaren posizioa bandera batez erakusten da. </p><p>Jokalariek lurrean sortutako edozein kalte konpondu behar dute eta, horretarako, tresna berezi bat erabiltzen dute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zelaiako_parrak">Zelaiako <i>par</i>rak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zelaiako parrak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Zelaiako parrak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Golf zelaietan, hiru, lau eta bost kolpetan egin daitezkeen ibilbideak daude, hurrenez hurren <i>par hiru</i>, <i>par lau</i> eta <i>par bost</i> izendatzen direnak. Parra kalearen luzeraren arabera zehazten da: </p> <ul><li>Par 3: 91 eta 224 metro artekoak (100 eta 250 <a href="/wiki/Yarda" title="Yarda">yarda</a> artekoak).</li> <li>Par 4: 225 eta 434 metro artekoak (251 eta 475 yarda artekoak).</li> <li>Par 5: 435 eta 630 metro artekoak (476 eta 690 yarda artekoa).</li></ul> <p>Zuloa par hirukoa bada, jokalariak, normalean, berdegunera kolpe batekin heldu behar du; aldiz, par lau edo bostekoa bada, pilota indarrez jaurti beharko du behin edo bi aldiz gehiago. Jokalariak, gutxienez, zelaiak markatzen dituen par besteko kolpetan sartu behar du pilota zuloan. Parra hobetu eta zuloa osatzeko kolpe bat gutxiago egiten badu, <i>birdie</i>a ("txoritxoa") egin duela esaten da; bi kolpe gutxiago behar izan baditu, <i>eagle</i>a ("arranoa<i>"</i>); hiru badira, <i>double eagle</i> (<i>albatros</i>), eta lau kolpe gutxiagotan egiten badu, <i>condor</i>ra ("kondorra"). Zuloa osatzeko parrak markatzen duen kopurua baino kolpe gehiago erabiltzen badu, berriz, <i>bogey</i>, <i>double bogey</i>, edo <i>triple bogey</i> egiten da, hurrenez hrren. </p><p>Jokalariak pilota kolpe bakar batean zulora sartzen badu, zuloa batean egin duela esaten da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Swinga"><i>Swing</i>a</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Swinga»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Swinga"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adituen arabera, <i>swing</i>a egitean ("pendulu" edo "oszilazio") 124 muskulu mugitu eta koordinatu behar dira (guztira 424tik). Horregatik, jokoaren aurretik, beroketa-ariketak egitea komeni da: alboko eta saihetsetako luzaketa, sorbaldak eta bizepsak, eskumuturrak eta besaurreak, ukondoaren tendoiak, etab. </p><p>Jokalariak tente baina erlaxatuta egon behar du pilotaren aurrean, oinen erdian dagoen puntu batean, sorbalden ardatza kolpearen norabidearekiko paraleloa izan dadin. Besoek eta makilak Y bat osatu behar dute. Begiek tinko begiratu behar diote pilotaren atzealdeari. Ezkerreko eskuak makila eusten du, eta eskuinekoa bestearen azpian dago; beraz, eskuineko sorbalda ezkerrekoa baino beherago dago. </p><p><i>Swing</i>a hasten da gorputza (<i>backswing</i>) poliki-poliki eskuinerantz biratzen (eskuinentzat) eta eskuineko sorbalda atzerantz botatzen makila igo dadin, zoruarekiko posizio horizontal edo paralelo batera iritsi arte<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ezkerreko hanka apur bat tolesten da, orpoa altxatu gabe. Pisuaren % 60 eskuineko oinean erortzen da. </p><p>Makilaren igoera amaitu ondoren, gorputza beheranzko alderantziz biratzen hasten da (<i>downswing</i>), besoak eta eskumuturrak bularraren aurretik luzatuz. Makila jaitsi egingo da mugimenduaren abiadura pixkanaka handituz, talkaren unean maximora iritsi arte. Ezkerreko orpoa lurrean bermatzen da berriro, eta pisu gehiena ezkerreko hankan jartzen da. Burua pilotaren gainean mantentzen da, eskuineko sorbaldak (jokalaria trebea bada) biratzera behartzen duen arte. Gorputzak biraka jarraitzen du jokalariaren aurpegiak kolpearen helburura begiratzen duen arte. <i>Swing </i>ona egiteko, beti gorputzaren orekari eustea funtsezkoa da. </p><p><i>Swing</i>aren azken fasean, eskuineko oina behatzen puntaren gainean bermatzen da, eta makilak biraketaren mugimendu naturalari jarraitzen dio, bizkarrezurrari buruz perpendikular eta lurrarekiko paralelo geratu arte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kolpeak">Kolpeak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kolpeak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Kolpeak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zulo bat hasteko erabiltzen den lehen kolpea irteerako <i>tee</i>tik ematen da. Zuloa luzea bada (4 par edo 5 par), lehen kolpea zurezko makila batekin eman ohi da, normalean, ingelesez <i>driver </i>esaten zaion zurarekin, hau da, distantzia handiena lor daitekeen makilarekin. Beste kolpetarako, egurrak erabil daitezke (ingelesez <i>woods </i>3, 4 edo 5) edo burdinak (ingelesez <i>irons</i>, normalean 3tik edo 4tik aurrera) lurraren baldintzen arabera. Zuloa laburra bada (par 3), burdina egokia hartuko da. </p><p><i>Approach</i>a (euskaraz hurbilketa) jokalariek pilota berdearen barruan uzteko (eta ahal bada zuloan sartzeko) ematen duten kolpea da. Oro har, <i>pitching wedge</i> (PW) edo <i>sand wedge</i> (SW) erabiltzen dira. Makilak inklinazio handiagokoak direnez (<i>wedge</i>k, ziria esan nahi du), pilotak gutxiago biratzen du, eta jaurtiketa zehatzagoa da. </p><p><i>Putt</i> (<i>pat, </i>euskal idazkerari egokituta) pilotari ematen zaion kolpea da, <i>putter </i>(<i>pater </i>ahoskatu) izeneko makilarekin, berde edo <i>green </i>izeneko kantxa batean, non belarra laburra den eta zuloa dagoen. Kolpe horretan, pilota biraka doa, eta ez da lurretik altxatzen; horregatik, funtsezkoa da lurraren balizko gainbehera kalkulatzea. Zehaztasun handiena eskatzen duen tiroa da, eta garrantzitsuena dela esaten da. </p><p>Lehen aipatu den bezala, lehen kolpea beti da indartsua zulora ahalik eta gehien hurbiltzeko. Hurrengo kolpeak pilota gelditzen den moduan egingo dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arauak_eta_erregelamenduak">Arauak eta erregelamenduak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Arauak eta erregelamenduak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Arauak eta erregelamenduak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Olazabal_(in_the_bunker).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Olazabal_%28in_the_bunker%29.jpg/250px-Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Olazabal_%28in_the_bunker%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Olazabal_%28in_the_bunker%29.jpg/330px-Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Olazabal_%28in_the_bunker%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Olazabal_%28in_the_bunker%29.jpg/500px-Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Olazabal_%28in_the_bunker%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption>Jose Maria Olazabal bunkerrean</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:ArnoldPalmerCoastGuard1953.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/ArnoldPalmerCoastGuard1953.jpg/250px-ArnoldPalmerCoastGuard1953.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/ArnoldPalmerCoastGuard1953.jpg/330px-ArnoldPalmerCoastGuard1953.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/ArnoldPalmerCoastGuard1953.jpg/500px-ArnoldPalmerCoastGuard1953.jpg 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Palmer" title="Arnold Palmer">Arnold Palmer</a> 1953an</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Jon_Rahm_2019_U.S._Open.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Jon_Rahm_2019_U.S._Open.png/250px-Jon_Rahm_2019_U.S._Open.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Jon_Rahm_2019_U.S._Open.png/330px-Jon_Rahm_2019_U.S._Open.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Jon_Rahm_2019_U.S._Open.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Jon Rahm 2019ko U.S. Openean</figcaption></figure> <p>Golfaren arauak nazioartean normalizatuta daude, eta elkarrekin gobernatzen dute The R&A (2004an The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrewsetik (1754) bereizia) eta United States Golf Association (USGA) delakoek<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Arauak, sinplifikatu asmoz, USGAk eta R&Ak berridazketa oso bati ekin zioten 2017an<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Arau liburu berria 2019ko urtarrilean indarrean sartu zen<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Arauen azpian datzan printzipioa ekitatea da. Liburu ofizial haren atzeko azalean esaten den bezala: </p> <table cellpadding="10" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse; color: inherit; background-color:transparent; border-style:none; width:;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="color:silver;font-size:20px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:2 2px;">« </td> <td>Jokatu pilota dagoen bezala; jokatu norabidea aurkitzen duzun bezala, eta, bi gauzak ezin badituzu egin, egin zuzena dena. </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="color:silver;font-size:20px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:2 2px;">» </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:2009_Women%27s_British_Open_-_Carlota_Ciganda_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2009_Women%27s_British_Open_-_Carlota_Ciganda_%281%29.jpg/250px-2009_Women%27s_British_Open_-_Carlota_Ciganda_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2009_Women%27s_British_Open_-_Carlota_Ciganda_%281%29.jpg/330px-2009_Women%27s_British_Open_-_Carlota_Ciganda_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2009_Women%27s_British_Open_-_Carlota_Ciganda_%281%29.jpg/500px-2009_Women%27s_British_Open_-_Carlota_Ciganda_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1506" data-file-height="2271" /></a><figcaption>Carlota Ziganda, 2009ko Emakumeen British Openean</figcaption></figure> <p>Golflarien zaletu izaerari dagokionez, arau zorrotzak daude<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Funtsean, ez da zaletutzat hartzen, eta ezin du zaletuentzat bakarrik diren lehiaketetan parte hartu irakasteagatik edo aholkuak emateagatik dirua jaso duenak. Hala ere, golflari amateurrek jarraibide zorrotzak betetzen dituzten gastuak jaso ahal izango dituzte, eta diruzkoak ez diren sariak onar ditzakete, Amateurraren Estatutuko arauek ezarritako mugen barruan. </p><p>Ofizialki inprimatutako arauez gain, golf-jokalariek golf-etiketa izeneko jarraibide batzuk ere betetzen dituzte. Etiketen jarraibideek segurtasuna, ekitatea, joko-erritmoa eta jokalariak zelaia zaintzen laguntzeko duen betebeharra bezalako gaiak jorratzen dituzte. Etiketen arauak hausteagatik zigorrik ez dagoen arren, jokalariek, orokorrean, golfeko etiketaren arauak jarraitzen dituzte guztien joko-esperientzia hobetzeko ahaleginean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zigorrak">Zigorrak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zigorrak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Zigorrak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Egoera jakin batzuetan, zigor kolpeetan eror daiteke, eta jokalari baten puntuaziorako kontuan hartzen dira, kolpe gehiago jo balitu bezala. Kolpe bat edo bi gehitzen dira arau-urratze gehienetarako edo egoera desberdinetatik konpentsatzeko, <i>zigor orokorra</i>rekin bi kolpe izenaz definituta eta, arau-hauste larri edo errepikatuengatik, gaitasungabetzea. Hona hemen adibide batzuk: </p> <ul><li>Galdutako pilota batek edo mugetatik kanpo jotako pilota batek (OB) kolpe eta distantzia bateko zigorra dakar (18.2 araua).</li> <li>Egoera jakin batzuetan izan ezik, kolpe bakarreko zigorra ezartzen da jokalari batek pilota mugitzea eragiten badu (9.4 artikulua).</li> <li>Kolpe bakarreko zigorra balioesten da jokalari batek lasaitua hartzea erabakitzen badu bere pilota area gorri edo hori batean atseden hartzen duenean (17. araua), edo atseden jokaezin baten ondorioz (19. araua).</li> <li>Bi kolpeko zigorra behar ez den pilotakada bat egiteagatik (6.3c artikulua).</li> <li>Bi kolpeko zigorra ezartzen da beste jokalari baten pilota jotzeagatik bi pilotak berdearen gainean bazeuden kolpearen aurretik (11.1.a artikulua).</li> <li>Deskalifikazioa ekar dezake tranpa egiteak, puntuazio txikiagoa apuntatzeak edo joko desegokia dakarten arau bati edo gehiagori ez atxikitzeak<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekipamendua">Ekipamendua</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ekipamendua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Ekipamendua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Golf-makilak golf-pilota jotzeko erabiltzen dira. Makila bakoitzak ardatz bat du goialdean lantza bat duena (edo <i>helduleku</i> batekin), eta mazo buru bat behealdean. Makila luzeek, maila txikiagoko jaurtiketa dutenek, pilota distantzia erlatiboki luzeago batera bultzatzen dute, eta makila motzek jaurtiketa maila handiago batera eta distantzia erlatiboki laburragora. Makila bakoitzaren benetako luzera fisikoa luzeagoa edo laburragoa da, makilak pilota bultzatu nahi duen distantziaren arabera. </p><p>Indartsuago botatzeko eta distantzia handiagoa lortzeko erabiltzen diren makilei <i>zurak </i>esaten zaie (<i>wood </i>ingelesez) eta altzairuz edo titanioz eginak daude (lehen zurezkoak ziren). Irteera egiteko makilari <i>driver</i> deritzo (1. zura). Normalean, kaleko hiru zur eramaten dira tiro luzeetarako (3., 5. eta 7. zurak). <i>Burdinak</i> (ingelesez iron) golf makilak zenbakien arabera izendatzen dira (1etik 9ra). Zenbakia zenbat eta altuagoa izan, orduan eta handiagoa da buruaren inklinazio-angelua (<i>loft </i>ingelesez). </p><p>Burdinen eta zuren arteko tarteko motak ere badaude, <i>hibridoak</i> (ingelesez <i>rescue</i>), burdina baten doitasuna eta zur baten potentzia dutenak. Profesional asko hasi dira zirkuituan erabiltzen. </p><p>Inklinazio handiena duten makilak ziriak dira (<i>wedges</i> ingelesez), eta izen espezifikoak jasotzen dituzte, hala nola <i>pitching wedge</i> (45º-tik 48º-ra) edo <i>sand wedge</i> (56º), pilota <i>hareazko oztopotik</i> ateratzeko erabili ohi dena. Ohiko beste <i>wedge </i>batzuk dira: <i>gap wedge</i> (52º inguru) aurreko bien arteko hutsunea betetzeko edo <i>lob wedge</i> (60º) pilota erortzen den lekuan gelditzen laguntzen duena, harantzago ibili gabe. Azkenik, <i>putter </i>izeneko makila erabiltzen da pilota <i>putt </i>kolpe baten bidez <i>green</i>ean zulora bultzatzeko. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivo:Bastoni_golf.jpg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archivo:Bastoni golf.jpg (sortu gabe)">thumb|200px|Golf makilen boltsak.</a> Golf-makilak horretarako den poltsa berezi batean (ingelesez <i>bag</i>) eramaten dira, eta 1870. urtean hasi ziren erabiltzen, lehen jokalarien kaddieek (boltsari, peoia) eramaten baitzituzten. Bertsiorik sinpleena tutu-poltsa da, sorbaldan hartuta eramaten dena. Sorbaldako poltsa arinak hanka erretraktilak ditu (ikus irudia) zutik egon dadin. Poltsa, barrutik, zatituta egoten da makilak ordenan jartzeko konpartimentuetan, haien artean marruskatzea saihestuz, eta poltsiko zabalak izaten ditu kanpotik beste osagarri erabilgarri batzuk gordetzeko (pilotak, ordezko <i>tee</i>ak, pilota garbitzeko zapiak, eguraldi txarrerako arropa, aterkiak, edaria, uretara erortzen diren pilotak berreskuratzeko kanaberak, etab.). </p><p>Poltsa garraiatzeko, orgak erabiltzen dira. Tolesgarriak ere badaude. Esku-orgak (motorizatu gabeak) izaten dira: bi gurpilekoak (jokalariak eramaten ditu) edo hiru gurpilekoak (bultzatzeko). Orga elektrikoak edo motorizatuak bateria batek eragiten ditu. Normalean, hiru gurpilekoak izaten dira, eta batzuek alboko aulki moduko bat ere izaten dute. Halaber, badira <i>buggieak </i>edo golf-orgak, motor elektrikoa edo gasolinazkoa duten kotxe txikiak, batez ere aldapa ugari dituzten zelaietan erabiltzen direnak edo zelai horietan bertan eraikitako kale bereziak dituztenak. Eremu batzuetan nahitaez erabili behar diren arren, beste eremu batzuetan debekatuta dago orgatxo horiek erabiltzea. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 91.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 89.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Normal-1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bi gurpildun esku-orga."><img alt="Bi gurpildun esku-orga." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Normal-1a.jpg/134px-Normal-1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Normal-1a.jpg/201px-Normal-1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Normal-1a.jpg/268px-Normal-1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1076" data-file-height="1924" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bi gurpildun esku-orga.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Pushtrolley_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hiru gurpildun esku-orga modernoa."><img alt="Hiru gurpildun esku-orga modernoa." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Pushtrolley_1.jpg/250px-Pushtrolley_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Pushtrolley_1.jpg/330px-Pushtrolley_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Pushtrolley_1.jpg/500px-Pushtrolley_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="1665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hiru gurpildun esku-orga modernoa.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 84px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 82px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Elek-1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hiru gurpildun orga, motor elektriko eta alboko aulkitxoaz."><img alt="Hiru gurpildun orga, motor elektriko eta alboko aulkitxoaz." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Elek-1a.jpg/250px-Elek-1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="1968" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hiru gurpildun orga, motor elektriko eta alboko aulkitxoaz.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Golfcart.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Golf orgatxo arrunta."><img alt="Golf orgatxo arrunta." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Golfcart.JPG/320px-Golfcart.JPG" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Golfcart.JPG/480px-Golfcart.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Golfcart.JPG/640px-Golfcart.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Golf orgatxo arrunta.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pilota">Pilota</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Pilota»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Pilota"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Golf-pilotaren diametroak ez du 42,67 mm-tik beherakoa izan behar, ezta 45,93 g-tik gorakoa ere<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. pilota modernoek, elastikotasuna emateko, gomazko kordoizko nukleo biribildu bat dute, eta plastikozko kanpoko geruza bat. Gainazalak 250-450 zulotxo txiki ditu (ingelesez <i>dimples</i>), eta, pilotari egonkortasuna emateko airean proiektatzen den bitartean, aldian-aldian banatzen dira<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Geruza bat, bi, hiru edo gehiagoko pilotak daude (geruza anitzekoak): </p> <ul><li><b>Geruza bakarrekoak</b>, normalean, praktika-eremuetan bakarrik erabiltzen dira.</li> <li><b>Bi geruzakoak</b> golf jokalari zaleek gehien erabiltzen dituztenak dira, iraupenagatik eta lortzen duten distantziagatik. Horiek pixka bat gogorragoak dira, eta bira (ingelesez <i>spin</i>) gutxi sortzen dute.</li> <li><b>Hiru geruzakoek</b> sentsazio eta <i>bira</i> handiagoa ematen diote jokalariari. Ez dira hain erresistenteak talken eta ebakien aurrean.</li> <li><b>Geruza anitzeko</b> boletan (ingelesez <i>multilayer</i>), iraupena, sentsazioa eta distantzia konbinatzen saiatzen dira.</li></ul> <p>Bolen estalkiak egiteko erabiltzen diren materialak, batez ere balata, surlin, zilin eta elastomeroa dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pilota_motak">Pilota motak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Pilota motak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Pilota motak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nukleo_likidoko_wound_pilota">Nukleo likidoko <i>wound </i>pilota</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Nukleo likidoko wound pilota»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Nukleo likidoko wound pilota"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goma txiki batez edo likidoz betetako plastikozko bihotz batez osatuta dago, eta biltzen duten gomez inguratua. Batzuek balata sintetikoa erabiltzen dute estalkirako, beste batzuek, berriz, uretanoa edo <a href="/wiki/Elastomero" title="Elastomero">elastomeroa</a>. Profesionalek eta jokalari afizionatu onenek erabiltzen dituzte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nukleo_solidoko_wound_pilota">Nukleo solidoko <i>wound </i>pilota</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Nukleo solidoko wound pilota»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Nukleo solidoko wound pilota"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gomazko bihotz solidoa dute, eta, barruan, geruza bat erdigunearen eta estalkiaren artean, normalean uretanozko materiala dena. Handicap baxuetarako erabiltzen dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Geruza_anitzekoa">Geruza anitzekoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Geruza anitzekoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Geruza anitzekoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gomazko bihotz solidoa dute, eta, barruan, geruza bat erdigunearen eta estalkiaren artean, normalean uretanozko materiala dena. Handicap baxuetarako eta distantzia bilatzen duten jokalarietarako erabiltzen dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bi_geruzako_nukleo_solidoa">Bi geruzako nukleo solidoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bi geruzako nukleo solidoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Bi geruzako nukleo solidoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geruza anitzeko bolek baino goma solidozko nukleo handiagoa dute. Estalkiaren materiala, normalean, surlin edo ionomeroa izaten da. Iraunkortasuna eta distantzia konbinatu nahi dituzten handicap ertain eta altuetarako erabiltzen dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Golf_arauak">Golf arauak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Golf arauak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Golf arauak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>1-1 araua: Golf jokoa, irteera-lekutik zuloaren barrualderaino, pilota bat jokatzean datza, kolpe baten bidez edo arauen arabera bata bestearen atzetik emandako kolpeen bidez</i>. Espainiako Golf Federazioaren bertsioa, R&A Rules Limited eta United States Golf Associationek onartua<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Guztira 34 arau daude, hamaika ataletan banatuta: </p> <ol><li>1.- Jokoa (hiru arau)</li> <li>2.- Makilak eta pilota (bi arau)</li> <li>3.- Jokalariaren erantzukizunak (lau arau)</li> <li>4.- Joko-ordena (arau bat)</li> <li>5.- Irteera-lekua (arau bat)</li> <li>6.- Pilota jokatzen (lau arau)</li> <li>7.- Green (bi arau)</li> <li>8.- Pilota mugitua, desbideratua edo gelditua (bi arau)</li> <li>9.- Arintze-egoerak eta -prozedurak (bederatzi arau)</li> <li>10.- Beste joko-modalitate batzuk (lau arau)</li> <li>11.- Administrazioa (bi arau)</li></ol> <p>Arau horiei, etiketa (jokalariak zelaian duen jokabidea), definizioak (golfaren hiztegia) eta gehigarriak (tokiko arauei, makilen diseinuari eta pilotari buruzkoak) gehitzen zaizkie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etiketa">Etiketa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Etiketa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Etiketa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etiketa edo kortesiaren arauak portaera-jarraibideak dira golfaren hainbat esparrutarako, baina, zentzu hertsian, ez dira jokoaren arauen parte, arau-hausteak ez baitira zigor kolpeekin zigortzen; arau-hausleei kargu hartzen zaie. Hona hemen garrantzitsuenak: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jokabidea">Jokabidea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Jokabidea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Jokabidea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Zerbait ondo ateratzen ez denean, makilak amorruz ez jaurtitzea.</li> <li>Hurrengo taldeak ez atzeratzeko, jokatzeko txanda iristen denean ondo prestatuta egotea.</li> <li>Ez mugitu, hitz egin edo jokalari batengandik hurbilegi kokatu jokalari horrek kolpe bat prestatzen edo egiten duen bitartean.</li> <li>Zelaian egiten den edozein kalte konpondu, eta, kolpe baten ondoren, bunkerreko harea arrastatu.</li></ul> <p>Ondorioa: jarraibide horiei jarraituz gero, jokalariek joko atseginagoa egingo dute guztientzat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jokoaren_bilakaera">Jokoaren bilakaera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Jokoaren bilakaera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Jokoaren bilakaera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jokalariek denborarik galdu gabe jokatu behar dute.</li> <li>Jokoa ez atzeratzeko, galdutako pilota ez da 3 minutu baino gehiago bilatu behar.</li> <li>pilotarantz joaterakoan, hurrengo kolpean pentsatu behar da.</li> <li>Jokalariek greenetik alde egin behar dute zuloa amaitu eta berehala.</li> <li>Kaletik (ingelesez <i>fairway</i>) kanpo dagoela idatziko da emaitza txartelean.</li> <li>Partida bat motelegi badoa eta zelaiko jokoaren erritmoa atzeratzen badu, hurrengo partidari pasatzen uztera behartuta dago; kasu horietan, zelaiko <i>marshalak </i>(ofizialak) du agintea, eta hark kontrolatzen du partidaren erritmoa.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lehentasuna">Lehentasuna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lehentasuna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Lehentasuna"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bi jokalariko taldeek ez dute eskubiderik hiruzpalau jokalarikoak aurreratzeko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Janzkera">Janzkera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Janzkera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Janzkera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archivo:Golfschuhe_1_fcm.jpg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archivo:Golfschuhe 1 fcm.jpg (sortu gabe)">thumb|Golf kirol oinetakoak.</a> Gizonek kamiseta lepodunak eta kirol-prakak erabili behar dituzte. Galtza bakeroak debekatuta daude. Emakumeek ere lepodun kamisetak erabili behar dituzte. Debekatuta daude arropa eskotatuak eta bakeroak. </p><p>Oinetako bi mota daude: golf-takodun zapatak eta takorik eta takoirik gabeko zapatak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zelaiko_segurtasuna">Zelaiko segurtasuna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zelaiko segurtasuna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Zelaiko segurtasuna"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Golf-zelaian kontuan hartu beharreko arriskuak daude: </p> <ul><li>Inguruan dauden jokalarien edo beste pertsona batzuen aurka ez botatzea.</li> <li>Ez jo pilota aurretik dituen jokalariak aurreikusitako ibilbidean egon arte edota helmenetik kanpo izan arte.</li> <li>Pilota! edo <i>fore</i>! ohartarazi, pilota batek norbait jo ditzakeenean abisatzeko.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balizko_ondorioak">Balizko ondorioak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Balizko ondorioak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Balizko ondorioak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jokalari batek, itzuli batean edo denboraldi batean, jarraibide horiei sistematikoki jaramonik egiten ez badie beste batzuen kaltetan, batzordeari jokalari arau-hauslearen aurkako diziplina-ekintza egokia hartzea gomendatzen zaio. Ekintza horren barruan sar daiteke, adibidez, denbora-tarte mugatu batean zelaian edo lehiaketa kopuru jakin batean jokatzeko debekua. Hori justifikatutzat jotzen da jarraibide horien arabera jokatu nahi duten golflari gehienen interesak babesteko modu gisa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Txapelketa_nagusiak">Txapelketa nagusiak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Txapelketa nagusiak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Txapelketa nagusiak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zaharrenetik berrienera, honakoak dira munduko lau txapelketa nagusiak: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Open" class="mw-redirect" title="British Open">British Open</a>: Urtero antolatzen dute <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860tik</a> <a href="/wiki/Erresuma_Batua" title="Erresuma Batua">Erresuma Batuan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEBetako_Irekia_(golfa)" class="mw-redirect" title="AEBetako Irekia (golfa)">U.S. Open</a>: Urtero antolatzen dute <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895etik</a> <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEBetan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PGA_Txapelketa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PGA Txapelketa (sortu gabe)">PGA Txapelketa</a>: Urtero antolatzen dute <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916tik</a> <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEBetan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masters_Txapelketa" title="Masters Txapelketa">The Masters</a>: Urtero antolatzen dute <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934tik</a> <a href="/wiki/Augusta" title="Augusta">Augustan</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(AEB)" title="Georgia (AEB)">Georgia (AEB)</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Golflari_ezagunak">Golflari ezagunak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Golflari ezagunak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Golflari ezagunak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Palmer" title="Arnold Palmer">Arnold Palmer</a> (<a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a>-<a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako" class="mw-redirect" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako">AEB</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Player" title="Gary Player">Gary Player</a> (<a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>-), <a href="/wiki/Hegoafrika" title="Hegoafrika">Hegoafrika</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicklaus" title="Jack Nicklaus">Jack Nicklaus</a> (<a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>-), <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEB</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severiano_Ballesteros" title="Severiano Ballesteros">Severiano Ballesteros</a> (<a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>-<a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>), <a href="/wiki/Espainia" title="Espainia">Espainia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Faldo" title="Nick Faldo">Nick Faldo</a> (<a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>-), <a href="/wiki/Ingalaterra" title="Ingalaterra">Ingalaterra</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Maria_Olazabal" title="Jose Maria Olazabal">Jose Maria Olazabal</a> (<a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>-), <a href="/wiki/Euskal_Herria" title="Euskal Herria">Euskal Herria</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Woods" title="Tiger Woods">Tiger Woods</a> (<a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>-), <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEB</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Euskal_Herriko_golflari_ezagunak">Euskal Herriko golflari ezagunak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Euskal Herriko golflari ezagunak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Euskal Herriko golflari ezagunak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Massy" title="Arnaud Massy">Arnaud Massy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biarritz" title="Biarritz">Biarritz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lapurdi" title="Lapurdi">Lapurdi</a>, <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>-<a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvira_Larrazabal" title="Elvira Larrazabal">Elvira Larrazabal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Getxo" title="Getxo">Getxo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia">Bizkaia</a>, (<a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Garaialde" title="Jean Garaialde">Jean Garaialde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ziburu" title="Ziburu">Ziburu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lapurdi" title="Lapurdi">Lapurdi</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1934-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934- (sortu gabe)">1934-</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Palli" title="Anne Marie Palli">Anne Marie Palli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ziburu" title="Ziburu">Ziburu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lapurdi" title="Lapurdi">Lapurdi</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1955-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955- (sortu gabe)">1955-</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Maria_Olazabal" title="Jose Maria Olazabal">Jose Maria Olazabal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hondarribia" title="Hondarribia">Hondarribia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gipuzkoa" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1966-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1966- (sortu gabe)">1966-</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandrine_Mendiburu" title="Sandrine Mendiburu">Sandrine Mendiburu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baiona" title="Baiona">Baiona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lapurdi" title="Lapurdi">Lapurdi</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1972-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1972- (sortu gabe)">1972-</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lorenzo-Vera" title="Michael Lorenzo-Vera">Michael Lorenzo-Vera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baiona" title="Baiona">Baiona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lapurdi" title="Lapurdi">Lapurdi</a> (<a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatriz_Recari" title="Beatriz Recari">Beatriz Recari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iru%C3%B1ea" title="Iruñea">Iruñea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nafarroa_Garaia" title="Nafarroa Garaia">Nafarroa Garaia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1987-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1987- (sortu gabe)">1987-</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlota_Ziganda" title="Carlota Ziganda">Carlota Ziganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larraintzar" title="Larraintzar">Larraintzar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nafarroa_Garaia" title="Nafarroa Garaia">Nafarroa Garaia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1990-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990- (sortu gabe)">1990-</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Rahm" title="Jon Rahm">Jon Rahm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrika_(herria)" title="Barrika (herria)">Barrika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia">Bizkaia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1994-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1994- (sortu gabe)">1994-</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Garcia_Mayoral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Garcia Mayoral (sortu gabe)">Juan Garcia Mayoral</a> <a href="/wiki/Nafarroa" class="mw-disambig" title="Nafarroa">Nafarroa</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euskal_Herriko_golf_zelaien_zerrenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Euskal Herriko golf zelaien zerrenda">Euskal Herriko golf zelaien zerrenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disko_golf" title="Disko golf">Disko golf</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Brasch, Rudolph (1970). <i>How did sports begin?: A look at the origins of man at play</i>. McKay</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/sports/paganica">«Paganica | game | Britannica»</a> <i>www.britannica.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Jacques, Martin (2014). <i>When China rules the world : the end of the western world and the birth of a new global order</i>. Penguin Books. pp. 503–504. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781101151457" class="extiw" title="en:Special:BookSources/9781101151457">ISBN <bdi>9781101151457</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/883334381">OCLC 883334381</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130326014634/http://kaleidoscope.cultural-china.com/en/141Kaleidoscope598.html">«Golf (Chui wan) - China culture»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2013-03-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMcGrathMcCormick2006">McGrath, Charles; McCormick, David.  (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QGvBn-wOy4EC&q=lob+wedge+history&pg=PA1"><i>The Ultimate Golf Book: A History and a Celebration of the World's Greatest Game. </i></a> Houghton Mifflin Harcourt <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-618-71025-6" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-618-71025-6">978-0-618-71025-6</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.golf-information.info/history-of-golf.html">«History of Golf from 1457 until 1844 by Golf Information»</a> <i>www.golf-information.info</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Leibs (2004). <i>Sports and Games of the Renaissance</i>. p. 69. Greenwood Publishing Group</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Cochrane, Alistair (ed) Science and Golf IV: proceedings of the World Scientific Congress of Golf. Page 849. Routledge</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Forrest L. Richardson (2002). <i>Routing the Golf Course: The Art & Science That Forms the Golf Journey</i>. p. 46. John Wiley & Sons</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/7949045.stm"><i>Links plays into the record books. </i></a> 2009-03-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090402071632/http://www.pgatour.com/2009/tourlife/travel/03/23/course_of_week/index.html">«PGATOUR.COM - Recognition for the world's oldest links, at last»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2009-04-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruleshistory.com/">«Historical Rules of Golf»</a> <i>www.ruleshistory.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121002214520/http://www.pgatour.com/2007/travel/07/16/trans_071607/index.html">The Open Championship – More Scottish than British</a> PGA Tour. Retrieved 23 September 2011 Archived 2 October 2012 at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="extiw" title="en:Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-29310735">«Ryder Cup: Painting celebrates Dunfermline links to American golf»</a> <i>BBC News</i> 2014-09-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=links">«links | Search Online Etymology Dictionary»</a> <i>www.etymonline.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506161432/https://research.historicengland.org.uk/Report.aspx?i=15634&ru=/Results.aspx?p=1&n=10&rn=42&ry=2017&ns=1">«Research Department Reports»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2021-05-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFRogers_•_•">Rogers • •, Phil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/golf-good-question/2092120/">«Why Do Golf Courses Have 18 Holes?»</a> <i>NBC Chicago</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Saunders, Vivien (2000). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47815773">El manual de golf : los grandes del golf, equipo del golfista, aprender y mejorar el juego, campos de golf y diseños, reglas, etiqueta y competiciones</a></i> (1. arg, gaztelaniaz). Leopold Blume. <small><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/84-8076-359-0" class="extiw" title="es:Especial:FuentesDeLibros/84-8076-359-0">ISBN 84-8076-359-0</a></small>. <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47815773">OCLC 47815773</a></small>. 2022-06-06an begiratua</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011003259/http://www.usga.org/playing/rules/rules_of_golf.html">«The Rules of Golf | United States Golf Association»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2007-10-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071031100139/http://www.randa.org/flash/rules/PDF/RoG2004.pdf">Rules of Golf</a>" (PDF). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Royal_and_Ancient_Golf_Club_of_St_Andrews" class="extiw" title="en:The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews">The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews</a>. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2007. Retrieved 7 November 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.golfdigest.com/story/the-usga-wants-you-to-rewrite-the-rules">«The USGA Wants You To Rewrite The Rules»</a> <i>Golf Digest</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://golfweek.usatoday.com/2018/12/27/new-rules-of-golf-5-things-every-golfer-must-know-before-playing-in-2019/">«New Rules of Golf: 5 things every golfer must know before playing in 2019»</a> <i>Golfweek</i> 2018-12-27 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001153253/http://www.usga.org/playing/amateur_status/amateur_status.html">«Amateur Status | United States Golf Association»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2007-10-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081029043057/http://www.randa.org/flash/rules/PDF/WEB_ROG_spreads.pdf">2008–2011 Rules of Golf (free download)</a> Archived 29 October 2008 at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="extiw" title="en:Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Real Federación Española de Golf, <i>Reglas de golf</i>, Apéndice III.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/47815773">«El manual de golf : los grandes del golf, equipo del golfista, aprender y mejorar el juego, campos de golf y diseños, reglas, etiqueta y competiciones | WorldCat.org»</a> <i>www.worldcat.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Real Federación Española de Golf, Golf Arauak, 32. argitalpena, indarrean 2012ko urtarrilaren 1etik. Copyright 2011 (c)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciclopedianavarra.com/?page_id=10594">Gran Enciclopedia de Navarra, Golf</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span> <a 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.navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q5377">Q5377</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Golf">Golf</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q5377%22">Q5377</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX528505">XX528505</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11937372v">11937372v</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11937372v">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4021569-6">4021569-6</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85055804">sh85055804</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562552">00562552</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph120580">ph120580</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10644943">10644943</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300222767">300222767</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclopedia_de_Navarra" title="Gran Enciclopedia de Navarra">GEN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciclopedianavarra.com/?page_id=10594">10594</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclopedia_Aragonesa" title="Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa">GEA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciclopedia-aragonesa.com/voz.asp?voz_id=6388">6388</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/sports/golf">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D006055">D006055</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q5377">Q5377</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Golf">Golf</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q5377%22">Q5377</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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