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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faktura_(musiqi)" title="Faktura (musiqi) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Faktura (musiqi)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textura_musical" title="Textura musical – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Textura musical" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textur_(Musik)" title="Textur (Musik) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Textur (Musik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faktuur_(muusika)" title="Faktuur (muusika) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Faktuur (muusika)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textura_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Textura (música) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Textura (música)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonmetado" title="Tonmetado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tonmetado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA_(%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C)" title="بافت (موسیقی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بافت (موسیقی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_(musique)" title="Grain (musique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grain (musique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EC%9A%B0%EB%9F%AC%EC%A7%90" title="어우러짐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="어우러짐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%9D_(%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="מרקם (מוזיקה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרקם (מוזיקה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textura_(musica)" title="Textura (musica) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Textura (musica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Текстура (музика) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Текстура (музика)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekstur_(muzik)" title="Tekstur (muzik) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tekstur (muzik)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textuur_(muziek)" title="Textuur (muziek) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Textuur (muziek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A2" title="テクスチュア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テクスチュア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonesats" title="Tonesats – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tonesats" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musikalsk_tekstur" title="Musikalsk tekstur – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Musikalsk tekstur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faktura_(muzyka)" title="Faktura (muzyka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Faktura (muzyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textura_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Textura (música) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Textura (música)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Склад (музыка) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Склад (музыка)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faktur" title="Faktur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Faktur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Музичний склад – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Музичний склад" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B9%94%E9%AB%94" title="織體 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="織體" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B9%94%E9%AB%94" title="織體 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="織體" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Way in which tempo, melody, and harmony are combined in a musical composition</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March,%22_m._1-7.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.png/330px-Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.png/500px-Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.png/960px-Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.png 2x" data-file-width="2238" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption>Introduction to <a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa">Sousa</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post_(march)" title="The Washington Post (march)">Washington Post March</a>", mm. 1–7 features <a href="/wiki/Octave_doubling" class="mw-redirect" title="Octave doubling">octave doubling</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003133_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003133-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a homorhythmic texture.<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-mwtitle="Sousa_-_"Washington_Post_March,"_m._1-7.mid" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.mid" type="audio/midi" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.mid/Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.mid.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.mid/Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.mid.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.mid&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, <b>texture</b> is how the <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melodic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmonic</a> materials are combined in a <a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">musical composition</a>, determining the overall quality of the sound in a piece. The texture is often described in regard to the density, or thickness, and <a href="/wiki/Range_(music)" title="Range (music)">range</a>, or width, between lowest and highest <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitches</a>, in relative terms as well as more specifically distinguished according to the number of voices, or parts, and the relationship between these voices (see <a href="#Common_types">Common types</a> below). For example, a thick texture contains many 'layers' of instruments. One of these layers could be a string section or another brass. The thickness also is changed by the amount and the richness of the instruments playing the piece. The thickness varies from light to thick. A piece's texture may be changed by the number and character of parts playing at once, the <a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">timbre</a> of the instruments or voices playing these parts and the harmony, <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a>, and rhythms used.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2015]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2015)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2015]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2015)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The types categorized by number and relationship of parts are analyzed and determined through the labeling of primary textural elements: primary melody (PM), <a href="/wiki/Hauptstimme" title="Hauptstimme">secondary melody</a> (SM), parallel supporting melody (PSM), static support (SS), harmonic support (HS), rhythmic support (RS), and harmonic and rhythmic support (HRS).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaac_&_Russell2003136_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaac_&_Russell2003136-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITESHORT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITESHORT"><span title="More information is required to link this short citation to its long citation. (May 2021)">incomplete short citation</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_types">Common types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texture_(music)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Common types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In musical terms, particularly in the fields of music history and music analysis, some common terms for different types of texture are: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Type </th> <th>Description </th> <th>Visual </th> <th>Audio </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monophony" title="Monophony">Monophonic</a> </td> <td>Monophonic texture includes a single melodic line with no accompaniment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003136_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003136-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PSMs often double or parallel the PM they support.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003137_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003137-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pop_Goes_the_Weasel_melody.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pop_Goes_the_Weasel_melody.PNG/250px-Pop_Goes_the_Weasel_melody.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pop_Goes_the_Weasel_melody.PNG/500px-Pop_Goes_the_Weasel_melody.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="1444" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>"<a href="/wiki/Pop_Goes_the_Weasel" title="Pop Goes the Weasel">Pop Goes the Weasel</a>" melody<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKliewer1975270–301_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKliewer1975270–301-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint listen-noimage"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Pop_Goes_the_Weasel.ogg" title="File:Pop Goes the Weasel.ogg">"Pop Goes the Weasel"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="12" data-mwtitle="Pop_Goes_the_Weasel.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Pop_Goes_the_Weasel.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/Pop_Goes_the_Weasel.ogg/Pop_Goes_the_Weasel.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APop_Goes_the_Weasel.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biphonic </td> <td>Two distinct lines, the lower sustaining a drone (constant pitch) while the other line creates a more elaborate melody above it. <a href="/wiki/Pedal_point" title="Pedal point">Pedal tones</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ostinati" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostinati">ostinati</a> would be an example of a SS.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003137_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003137-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is generally considered to be a type of polyphony. </td> <td><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851,_m.1-2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851%2C_m.1-2.png/250px-Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851%2C_m.1-2.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851%2C_m.1-2.png/500px-Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851%2C_m.1-2.png 1.5x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="131" /></a><figcaption>Pedal tone in <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Bach</a>'s Prelude No. 6 in D minor, BWV 851, from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Well-Tempered_Clavier" title="The Well-Tempered Clavier">The Well-Tempered Clavier</a></i>, Book I, mm. 1–2. All pedal tone notes are consonant except for the last three of the first measure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker200399_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker200399-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="5" data-mwtitle="Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851,_m.1-2.mid" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851%2C_m.1-2.mid" type="audio/midi" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851%2C_m.1-2.mid/Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851%2C_m.1-2.mid.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851%2C_m.1-2.mid/Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851%2C_m.1-2.mid.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132" /><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Kimiko_Ishizaka_-_Bach_-_Well-Tempered_Clavier,_Book_1_-_11_Prelude_No._6_in_D_minor,_BWV_851.ogg" title="File:Kimiko Ishizaka - Bach - Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1 - 11 Prelude No. 6 in D minor, BWV 851.ogg">Bach - Prelude No. 6 in D minor, BWV 851</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="99" data-mwtitle="Kimiko_Ishizaka_-_Bach_-_Well-Tempered_Clavier,_Book_1_-_11_Prelude_No._6_in_D_minor,_BWV_851.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Kimiko_Ishizaka_-_Bach_-_Well-Tempered_Clavier%2C_Book_1_-_11_Prelude_No._6_in_D_minor%2C_BWV_851.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/Kimiko_Ishizaka_-_Bach_-_Well-Tempered_Clavier%2C_Book_1_-_11_Prelude_No._6_in_D_minor%2C_BWV_851.ogg/Kimiko_Ishizaka_-_Bach_-_Well-Tempered_Clavier%2C_Book_1_-_11_Prelude_No._6_in_D_minor%2C_BWV_851.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">Polyphonic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">Counterpoint</a> or <a href="/wiki/Contrapuntal" class="mw-redirect" title="Contrapuntal">Contrapuntal</a> </td> <td>Multiple melodic voices which are to a considerable extent independent from or in imitation with one another. Characteristic texture of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance music</a>, also prevalent during the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_May_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(May_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_May_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(May_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polyphonic textures may contain several PMs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003137_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003137-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BachFugueBar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/BachFugueBar.png/250px-BachFugueBar.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/BachFugueBar.png/500px-BachFugueBar.png 1.5x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>Bar from Bach's <a href="/wiki/Fugue" title="Fugue">Fugue</a> No. 17 in A-flat major, BWV 862, from <i>The Well-Tempered Clavier</i> (Book I), example of <a href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">contrapuntal polyphony</a><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_4" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="5" data-mwtitle="BachFugueBar.mid" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/BachFugueBar.mid" type="audio/midi" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/BachFugueBar.mid/BachFugueBar.mid.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/BachFugueBar.mid/BachFugueBar.mid.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132" /><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Johann_Sebastian_Bach_-_The_Well-tempered_Clavier_-_Book_1_-_11Efuge_Bbmaj.ogg" title="File:Johann Sebastian Bach - The Well-tempered Clavier - Book 1 - 11Efuge Bbmaj.ogg">Fugue No. 21 in B-flat major (BWV 866)</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_5" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="96" data-mwtitle="Johann_Sebastian_Bach_-_The_Well-tempered_Clavier_-_Book_1_-_11Efuge_Bbmaj.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/Johann_Sebastian_Bach_-_The_Well-tempered_Clavier_-_Book_1_-_11Efuge_Bbmaj.ogg/Johann_Sebastian_Bach_-_The_Well-tempered_Clavier_-_Book_1_-_11Efuge_Bbmaj.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Johann_Sebastian_Bach_-_The_Well-tempered_Clavier_-_Book_1_-_11Efuge_Bbmaj.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Performed on a Flemish harpsichord by <a href="/wiki/Martha_Goldstein" title="Martha Goldstein">Martha Goldstein</a></div></div></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Homophony" title="Homophony">Homophonic</a> </td> <td>The most common texture in Western music: melody and accompaniment. Multiple voices of which one, the melody, stands out prominently and the others form a background of harmonic accompaniment. If all the parts have much the same rhythm, the homophonic texture can also be described as homorhythmic. Characteristic texture of the <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">Classical period</a> and continued to predominate in <a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic music</a> while in the 20th century, "popular music is nearly all homophonic," and, "much of jazz is also" though, "the simultaneous improvisations of some jazz musicians creates a true polyphony".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003136_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003136-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Homophonic textures usually contain only one PM.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003137_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003137-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HS and RS are often combined, thus labeled HRS.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003137_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003137-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:If_ye_love_me.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/If_ye_love_me.png/250px-If_ye_love_me.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/If_ye_love_me.png/375px-If_ye_love_me.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/If_ye_love_me.png/500px-If_ye_love_me.png 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption>Homophony in <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tallis" title="Thomas Tallis">Tallis'</a> "<a href="/wiki/If_Ye_Love_Me" class="mw-redirect" title="If Ye Love Me">If Ye Love Me</a>", composed in 1549. The voices move together using the same rhythm, and the relationship between them creates chords: the excerpt begins and ends with an F <a href="/wiki/Major_chord" title="Major chord">major triad</a>.</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132" /><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:If_ye_love_me.ogg" title="File:If ye love me.ogg">Tallis' "If Ye Love Me"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_6" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="18" data-mwtitle="If_ye_love_me.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/If_ye_love_me.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/If_ye_love_me.ogg/If_ye_love_me.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Homorhythm" title="Homorhythm">Homorhythmic</a> </td> <td>Multiple voices with similar rhythmic material in all parts. Also known as "chordal". May be considered a condition of homophony or distinguished from it. </td> <td>see above </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heterophony" title="Heterophony">Heterophonic</a> </td> <td>Two or more voices simultaneously performing variations of the same melody. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rest_(music)" title="Rest (music)">Silence</a> </td> <td>No sound at all or the absence of intended sound </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p><p> Many classical pieces feature different kinds of texture within a short space of time. An example is the Scherzo from <a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_B_major,_D_575_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in B major, D 575 (Schubert)">Schubert’s piano sonata in B major, D575</a>. The first four bars are <a href="/wiki/Monophony" title="Monophony">monophonic</a>, with both hands performing the same melody an octave apart:</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_7" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="10" data-mwtitle="Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_1-4.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_1-4.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_1-4.wav/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_1-4.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_1-4.wav/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_1-4.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_1-4.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Schubert Sonata in B scherzo bars 1–4</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_scherzo_bars_1-4.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_scherzo_bars_1-4.png/400px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_scherzo_bars_1-4.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_scherzo_bars_1-4.png/600px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_scherzo_bars_1-4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_scherzo_bars_1-4.png/800px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_scherzo_bars_1-4.png 2x" data-file-width="1862" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>Schubert Piano Sonata in B major scherzo bars 1–4 </figcaption></figure><p> Bars 5–10 are <a href="/wiki/Homophony" title="Homophony">homophonic</a>, with all voices coinciding rhythmically:</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_8" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="12" data-mwtitle="Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.wav/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.wav/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Schubert Sonata in B scherzo bars 5–10</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.png/500px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.png/750px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.png/1000px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.png 2x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>Schubert Piano Sonata in B scherzo bars 5–10</figcaption></figure><p> Bars 11–20 are <a href="/wiki/Polyphonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphonic">polyphonic</a>. There are three parts, the top two moving in parallel (interval of a tenth). The lowest part imitates the rhythm of the upper two at the distance of three beats. The passage climaxes abruptly with a bar’s silence: </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_9" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="16" data-mwtitle="Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_11-20.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_11-20.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_11-20.wav/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_11-20.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_11-20.wav/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_11-20.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_11-20.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Schubert Sonata in B scherzo bars 11–20</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_11-20.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_11-20.png/500px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_11-20.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_11-20.png/960px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_11-20.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_11-20.png/1000px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_11-20.png 2x" data-file-width="2482" data-file-height="1272" /></a><figcaption>Schubert Piano Sonata in B major Scherzo bars 11–20</figcaption></figure><p> After the silence, the polyphonic texture expands from three to four independent parts moving simultaneously in bars 21–24. The upper two parts are <a href="/wiki/Imitation_(music)" title="Imitation (music)">imitative</a>, the lowest part consists of a repeated note (<a href="/wiki/Pedal_point" title="Pedal point">pedal point</a>) and the remaining part weaves an independent melodic line: </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_10" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="9" data-mwtitle="Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_21-24.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_21-24.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_21-24.wav/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_21-24.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_21-24.wav/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_21-24.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_21-24.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Schubert Sonata in B scherzo bars 21–24</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_majore_Scherzo_bars_21-24.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_majore_Scherzo_bars_21-24.png/500px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_majore_Scherzo_bars_21-24.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_majore_Scherzo_bars_21-24.png/750px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_majore_Scherzo_bars_21-24.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_majore_Scherzo_bars_21-24.png/1000px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_majore_Scherzo_bars_21-24.png 2x" data-file-width="2482" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption>Schubert Piano Sonata in B majore Scherzo bars 21–24</figcaption></figure><p> The final four bars revert to <a href="/wiki/Homophony" title="Homophony">homophony</a>, bringing the section to a close; </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_11" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="13" data-mwtitle="Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_25-28.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_25-28.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_25-28.wav/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_25-28.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_25-28.wav/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_25-28.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_25-28.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Schubert Sonata in B scherzo bars 25–28</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schubert_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_25-28.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_25-28.png/500px-Schubert_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_25-28.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_25-28.png/750px-Schubert_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_25-28.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Schubert_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_25-28.png/1000px-Schubert_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_25-28.png 2x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="608" /></a><figcaption>Schubert Sonata in B major Scherzo bars 25–28</figcaption></figure><p> A complete performance can be heard by following this link: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INRxAUVLPG0">Listen</a> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_types">Additional types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texture_(music)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Additional types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although in music instruction certain styles or repertoires of music are often identified with one of these descriptions this is basically added music<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (for example, Gregorian chant is described as monophonic, Bach Chorales are described as homophonic and fugues as polyphonic), many composers use more than one type of texture in the same piece of music. </p><p>A simultaneity is more than one complete musical texture occurring at the same time, rather than in succession. </p><p>A more recent type of texture first used by <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">György Ligeti</a> is <a href="/wiki/Micropolyphony" title="Micropolyphony">micropolyphony</a>. Other textures include <a href="/wiki/Polythematic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polythematic">polythematic</a>, polyrhythmic, onomatopoeic, compound, and mixed or composite textures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorozine200234_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorozine200234-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texture_(music)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Style_bris%C3%A9" title="Style brisé">Style brisé</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texture_(music)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003133-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003133_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</a>, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2015]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2015)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2015]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2015)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</a>, <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2015)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaac_&_Russell2003136-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaac_&_Russell2003136_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIsaac_&_Russell2003">Isaac & Russell 2003</a>, p. 136.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFIsaac_&_Russell2003 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003136-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003136_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003136_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</a>, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003137-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003137_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003137_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003137_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003137_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003137_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKliewer1975270–301-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKliewer1975270–301_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKliewer1975">Kliewer 1975</a>, pp. 270–301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker200399-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker200399_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_May_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(May_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenward_&_Saker2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_May_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(May_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorozine200234-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorozine200234_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorozine2002">Corozine 2002</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward, Bruce, and Marilyn Nadine Saker (2003). <i>Music: In Theory and Practice</i>, seventh edition, vol. 1. Boston: McGraw-Hill. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-294262-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-294262-0">978-0-07-294262-0</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCorozine2002" class="citation book cs1">Corozine, Vince (2002). <i>Arranging Music for the Real World: Classical and Commercial Aspects</i>. Pacific, Missouri: Mel Bay. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7866-4961-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7866-4961-5"><bdi>0-7866-4961-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50470629">50470629</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arranging+Music+for+the+Real+World%3A+Classical+and+Commercial+Aspects&rft.place=Pacific%2C+Missouri&rft.pub=Mel+Bay&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50470629&rft.isbn=0-7866-4961-5&rft.aulast=Corozine&rft.aufirst=Vince&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATexture+%28music%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFKliewer1975">Kliewer, Vernon (1975). "Melody: Linear Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music". In <i>Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music</i>, edited by Gary Wittlich, pp. 270–301. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-049346-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-049346-5">0-13-049346-5</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texture_(music)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anon.: "Monophony", <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Music_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Music Online">Grove Music Online</a></i>, edited by Deane L. Root <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Copland, Aaron</a>. (1957). <i>What to Listen for in Music</i>, revised edition. New York: McGraw-Hill</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Demuth" title="Norman Demuth">Demuth, Norman</a>. 1964. <i>Musical Forms and Textures: A Reference Guide</i>, second edition. London: Barrie and Rockliff.</li> <li>Frobenius, Wolf, Peter Cooke, Caroline Bithell, and Izaly Zemtsovsky: "Polyphony", <i>Grove Music Online</i>. edited by Deane Root <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Russano_Hanning" title="Barbara Russano Hanning">Hanning, Barbara Russano</a>, <i>Concise History of Western Music</i>, based on <a href="/wiki/Donald_Jay_Grout" title="Donald Jay Grout">Donald Jay Grout</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claude_V._Palisca" title="Claude V. Palisca">Claude V. Palisca</a>'s <i>A History of Western Music</i>, fifth edition. Published by W. W. Norton, New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-97168-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-97168-6">0-393-97168-6</a>.</li> <li>Hyer, Brian: "Homophony", <i>Grove Music Online</i>, edited by Deane Root <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Keys" title="Ivor Keys">Keys, Ivor</a>. 1961. <i>The Texture of Music: From Purcell to Brahms</i>. London: D. Dobson.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panayiotis_Kokoras" title="Panayiotis Kokoras">Kokoras, Panayiotis</a> (2005). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/i/icmc/bbp2372.2005.188?rgn=main;view=fulltext">Towards a Holophonic Musical Texture</a></i>. In <i>Proceedings of the ICMC2005 – International Computer Music Conference</i>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2015)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Barcelona: International Computer Music Conference.</li> <li>White, John David. 1995. <i>Theories of Musical Texture in Western History</i>. Perspectives in Music Criticism and Theory 1; Garland Reference Library of the Humanities 1678. New York: Garland Publishers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texture_(music)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uwosh.edu/faculty_staff/liske/musicalelements/textureframes.html">A Guide to Musical Texture with multimedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://addtexture.com">Add Texture: A web app with examples of different sonic textures</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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