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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Fourneau" title="Ernest Fourneau – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ernest Fourneau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Fourneau" title="Ernest Fourneau – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ernest Fourneau" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Fourneau" title="Ernest Fourneau – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ernest Fourneau" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Fourneau" title="Ernest Fourneau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ernest Fourneau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Fourneau" title="Ernest Fourneau – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ernest Fourneau" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Fourneau" title="Ernest Fourneau – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ernest Fourneau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a 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padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Fourneau" class="extiw" title="fr:Ernest Fourneau">the corresponding article</a> in French</b>.  <i><small>(May 2011)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FErnest_Fourneau&sl=fr&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the French article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the 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A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Ernest Fourneau]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fr|Ernest Fourneau}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Ernest_Fourneau" title="Talk:Ernest Fourneau">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Ernest Fourneau</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-Claude_Fourneau._Portrait_d%27Ernest_Fourneau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Jean-Claude_Fourneau._Portrait_d%27Ernest_Fourneau.jpg/175px-Jean-Claude_Fourneau._Portrait_d%27Ernest_Fourneau.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Jean-Claude_Fourneau._Portrait_d%27Ernest_Fourneau.jpg/263px-Jean-Claude_Fourneau._Portrait_d%27Ernest_Fourneau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Jean-Claude_Fourneau._Portrait_d%27Ernest_Fourneau.jpg/350px-Jean-Claude_Fourneau._Portrait_d%27Ernest_Fourneau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait of Ernest Fourneau <br /> by his son <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Fourneau" title="Jean-Claude Fourneau">Jean-Claude Fourneau</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1872-10-04</span>)</span>4 October 1872<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Biarritz" title="Biarritz">Biarritz</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 August 1949<span style="display:none">(1949-08-05)</span> (aged 76)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Ascain" title="Ascain">Ascain</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cole_de_pharmacie_de_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="École de pharmacie de Paris (page does not exist)">École de pharmacie de Paris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">Prix Jecker, of the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie des Sciences">Académie des Sciences</a> (1919 and 1931)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharmacology" title="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pasteur_Institute" title="Pasteur Institute">Pasteur Institute</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Tr%C3%A9fou%C3%ABl" title="Thérèse Tréfouël">Thérèse Tréfouël</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tr%C3%A9fou%C3%ABl" title="Jacques Tréfouël">Jacques Tréfouël</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Notes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Son-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Segond" title="Paul Segond">Paul Segond</a> <br /> Brother-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Marc_Tiffeneau" title="Marc Tiffeneau">Marc Tiffeneau</a> <br /> Father of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Fourneau" title="Jean-Claude Fourneau">Jean-Claude Fourneau</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ernest Fourneau</b> (4 October 1872 – 5 August 1949) was a French pharmacist who graduated in 1898 for the Paris university specialist in <a href="/wiki/Medicinal_chemistry" title="Medicinal chemistry">medicinal chemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pharmacology" title="Pharmacology">pharmacology</a>. He played a major role in the discovery of synthetic <a href="/wiki/Local_anesthetic" title="Local anesthetic">local anesthetics</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Amylocaine" title="Amylocaine">amylocaine</a>, as well as in the synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Suramin" title="Suramin">suramin</a>. He authored more than two hundred scholarly works, and has been described as having "helped to establish the fundamental laws of chemotherapy that have saved so many human lives".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fourneau was a pupil of Friedel and Moureu, and studied in the German laboratories of <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Gattermann" title="Ludwig Gattermann">Ludwig Gattermann</a> in <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">Hermann Emil Fischer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a> in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>. He headed the research laboratory of <a href="/wiki/Poulenc_Fr%C3%A8res" title="Poulenc Frères">Poulenc Frères</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ivry-sur-Seine" title="Ivry-sur-Seine">Ivry-sur-Seine</a> from 1903 to 1911. One of the products was a synthetic local anesthetic that was named <b>Stovaine</b> (<a href="/wiki/Amylocaine" title="Amylocaine">amylocaine</a>). This was a pun on the English translation of "fourneau" as "stove".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELesch2007124_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELesch2007124-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The same pun was used in the brand name of the drug <a href="/wiki/Acetarsol" title="Acetarsol">acetarsol</a>, <b>Stovarsol</b>.) Other important medicines were <a href="/wiki/Antipyretic" title="Antipyretic">antipyretics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichel20167_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichel20167-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1910 Fourneau accepted the directorship of the <a href="/wiki/Pasteur_Institute" title="Pasteur Institute">Pasteur Institute</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Medicinal_chemistry" title="Medicinal chemistry">medical chemistry</a> section, with the condition that he maintained his ties with Poulenc Frères.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELesch2007124_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELesch2007124-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He recruited <a href="/wiki/Germaine_Benoit" title="Germaine Benoit">Germaine Benoit</a> to work in the Institute as a new graduate.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Nationale_de_M%C3%A9decine" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie Nationale de Médecine">Académie Nationale de Médecine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Fourneau&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFourneau1987" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fourneau, Jean-Pierre (December 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/pharm_0035-2349_1987_num_75_275_2904">"Ernest Fourneau, fondateur de la chimie thérapeutique française : Feuillets d'album"</a>. <i>Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie</i> (in French). <b>34</b> (275): <span class="nowrap">335–</span>355. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fpharm.1987.2904">10.3406/pharm.1987.2904</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-2349">0035-2349</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11637580">11637580</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+d%27histoire+de+la+pharmacie&rft.atitle=Ernest+Fourneau%2C+fondateur+de+la+chimie+th%C3%A9rapeutique+fran%C3%A7aise+%3A+Feuillets+d%27album&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=275&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E335-%3C%2Fspan%3E355&rft.date=1987-12&rft.issn=0035-2349&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11637580&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fpharm.1987.2904&rft.aulast=Fourneau&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fweb%2Frevues%2Fhome%2Fprescript%2Farticle%2Fpharm_0035-2349_1987_num_75_275_2904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnest+Fourneau" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQuirke2007" class="citation book cs1">Quirke, Viviane (2007). <i>Collaboration in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Changing Relationschips in Britain and France, 1935-1965</i>. Vol. 53. New York & London: Rougledge. pp. 54–70 and 173–177 mainly. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30982-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30982-0"><bdi>978-0-415-30982-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2706064">2706064</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collaboration+in+the+Pharmaceutical+Industry%3A+Changing+Relationschips+in+Britain+and+France%2C+1935-1965&rft.place=New+York+%26+London&rft.pages=54-70+and+173-177+mainly&rft.pub=Rougledge&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2706064%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.isbn=978-0-415-30982-0&rft.aulast=Quirke&rft.aufirst=Viviane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnest+Fourneau" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Fourneau&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830901490.html">"Fourneau, Ernest"</a>. <i>Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography</i>, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry, T. A., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/1952/jr/jr9520000261">"Ernest Fourneau". 1872–1949</a>. <i>J. Chem. Soc.</i>, 1952, pp. 261–272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELesch2007124-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELesch2007124_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELesch2007124_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLesch2007">Lesch 2007</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichel20167-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichel20167_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel2016">Michel 2016</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webext.pasteur.fr/archives/beg0.html">"Germaine Benoit (1901-1983) - Notice biographique"</a>. <i>webext.pasteur.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webext.pasteur.fr&rft.atitle=Germaine+Benoit+%281901-1983%29+-+Notice+biographique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebext.pasteur.fr%2Farchives%2Fbeg0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnest+Fourneau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Fourneau&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLesch2007" class="citation cs2">Lesch, John E. (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AqzmCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA124"><i>The First Miracle Drugs: How the Sulfa Drugs Transformed Medicine</i></a>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518775-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518775-5"><bdi>978-0-19-518775-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-02</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Miracle+Drugs%3A+How+the+Sulfa+Drugs+Transformed+Medicine&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518775-5&rft.aulast=Lesch&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAqzmCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnest+Fourneau" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichel2016" class="citation cs2">Michel, Jean-Marie (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130717211130/http://www.societechimiquedefrance.fr/img/pdf/c_1_000_000.vfx2_sav.pdf">"Les établissements Poulenc frères"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Contribution a l'histoire des polymers en France</i>, Societé Chemique de France, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.societechimiquedefrance.fr/IMG/pdf/c_1_000_000.vfx2_sav.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-07-17<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-02</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Les+%C3%A9tablissements+Poulenc+fr%C3%A8res&rft.btitle=Contribution+a+l%27histoire+des+polymers+en+France&rft.pub=Societ%C3%A9+Chemique+de+France&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Michel&rft.aufirst=Jean-Marie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.societechimiquedefrance.fr%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2Fc_1_000_000.vfx2_sav.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnest+Fourneau" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000013695463">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/32115106">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrm7hkR9VRpqjGJKJpgKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117528404">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125673827">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125673827">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1273417">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p155491717">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90718762">Norway</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/ernest-fourneau/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Caffeine_Molecule.png/45px-Caffeine_Molecule.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Caffeine_Molecule.png/60px-Caffeine_Molecule.png 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="977" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about a French chemist is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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