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More info on \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Translation\" title=\"Special:MyLanguage/Help:Translation\"\u003Ethis page\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/font\u003E\n\u003C/th\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Main Page (Scots)</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikispecies</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sco" dir="ltr"><table style="width:100%; margin-top:1em; border:1px solid #ccc;"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td style="width:70%; text-align:center; padding-right:2em; color:#000;"> <div style="margin:0; padding:.1em; border:none; color:#000;"> <p><span style="font-size:170%">Welcaom te<br /></span> </p> <span style="font-size:240%"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:About" title="Wikispecies:About">Wikispecies</a><br /></span></div> <div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:95%;"> <p>Da fri species directair dat oniebodie can eedit.</p> <p>It covers <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">Archaea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protista" title="Protista">Protista</a> an aw ither forms o life.</p> <p>We hae <b><a href="/wiki/Special:Statistics" title="Special:Statistics">892,699</a></b> articles an coontin the nou</p> <p><b>Wikispecies ile froo, cause life ile in the publeec domayn!</b></p> <p>Ye can see oor Twitter page an aw: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/Wikispecies">@Wikispecies</a></span><br /> or uise the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.kiwix.kiwixcustomwikispecies">Andriod app</a> sponsored bi Wikimedia.</p> <p>We have aen IRC Channel an aw <a href="irc://irc.libera.chat/wikispecies" class="extiw" title="irc:wikispecies"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">#wikispecies</span></a><sup><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=#wikispecies"><span style="color:green;">connect</span></a></span></sup></p> </div> </td> <td valign="top" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%; color:#000;"> <div style="margin:0; padding:.1em; border:none; font-size:170%; color:green;">Taxon Nevigetuhon</div> <div style="font-family:Verdana,Geneva,Kalimati,sans-serif; border:none;"> <ul><li>Superregnum <a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">Archaea</a></li> <li>Superregnum <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a></li> <li>Superregnum <a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a> <ul><li>Regnum <a href="/wiki/Protista" title="Protista">Protista</a></li> <li>Regnum <a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a></li> <li>Regnum <a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a></li> <li>Regnum <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">Virus</a> (classification styll no claer)</li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="mf-mps"> <div class="tpl-gallery" style="margin-top:2em; border-top:5px #ccc solid; border-bottom:5px #ccc solid; text-align:center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 260.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 258.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crocodylus_porosus_-_Wilhelma.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crocodylus porosus"><img alt="Crocodylus porosus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Crocodylus_porosus_-_Wilhelma.jpg/388px-Crocodylus_porosus_-_Wilhelma.jpg" decoding="async" width="259" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Crocodylus_porosus_-_Wilhelma.jpg/582px-Crocodylus_porosus_-_Wilhelma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Crocodylus_porosus_-_Wilhelma.jpg/775px-Crocodylus_porosus_-_Wilhelma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="2788" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Crocodylus_porosus" title="Crocodylus porosus">Crocodylus porosus</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baleine_%C3%A0_bosse_et_son_baleineau_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Megaptera novaeangliae"><img alt="Megaptera novaeangliae" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Baleine_%C3%A0_bosse_et_son_baleineau_2.jpg/267px-Baleine_%C3%A0_bosse_et_son_baleineau_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Baleine_%C3%A0_bosse_et_son_baleineau_2.jpg/401px-Baleine_%C3%A0_bosse_et_son_baleineau_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Baleine_%C3%A0_bosse_et_son_baleineau_2.jpg/534px-Baleine_%C3%A0_bosse_et_son_baleineau_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4081" data-file-height="2750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Megaptera_novaeangliae" title="Megaptera novaeangliae">Megaptera novaeangliae</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aquila_nipalensis_orientalis_qtl1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aquila nipalensis"><img alt="Aquila nipalensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Aquila_nipalensis_orientalis_qtl1.jpg/262px-Aquila_nipalensis_orientalis_qtl1.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Aquila_nipalensis_orientalis_qtl1.jpg/393px-Aquila_nipalensis_orientalis_qtl1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Aquila_nipalensis_orientalis_qtl1.jpg/524px-Aquila_nipalensis_orientalis_qtl1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3432" data-file-height="2360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Aquila_nipalensis" title="Aquila nipalensis">Aquila nipalensis</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Episyrphus_balteatus_-_head_close-up_(aka).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Episyrphus balteatus"><img alt="Episyrphus balteatus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Episyrphus_balteatus_-_head_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg/225px-Episyrphus_balteatus_-_head_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Episyrphus_balteatus_-_head_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg/338px-Episyrphus_balteatus_-_head_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Episyrphus_balteatus_-_head_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg/450px-Episyrphus_balteatus_-_head_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Episyrphus_balteatus" title="Episyrphus balteatus">Episyrphus balteatus</a></i></div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altenfelden_Chamois_Rupicapra_rupicapra-2076.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rupicapra rupicapra"><img alt="Rupicapra rupicapra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Altenfelden_Chamois_Rupicapra_rupicapra-2076.jpg/270px-Altenfelden_Chamois_Rupicapra_rupicapra-2076.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Altenfelden_Chamois_Rupicapra_rupicapra-2076.jpg/405px-Altenfelden_Chamois_Rupicapra_rupicapra-2076.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Altenfelden_Chamois_Rupicapra_rupicapra-2076.jpg/540px-Altenfelden_Chamois_Rupicapra_rupicapra-2076.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4588" data-file-height="3059" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Rupicapra_rupicapra" title="Rupicapra rupicapra">Rupicapra rupicapra</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 208.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Echt_judasoor_(Auricularia_auricula-judae,_synoniem,_Hirneola_auricula-judae)_bedekt_met_rijp._Locatie,_Natuurterrein_De_Famberhorst_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Auricularia auricula-judae"><img alt="Auricularia auricula-judae" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Echt_judasoor_%28Auricularia_auricula-judae%2C_synoniem%2C_Hirneola_auricula-judae%29_bedekt_met_rijp._Locatie%2C_Natuurterrein_De_Famberhorst_01.jpg/313px-Echt_judasoor_%28Auricularia_auricula-judae%2C_synoniem%2C_Hirneola_auricula-judae%29_bedekt_met_rijp._Locatie%2C_Natuurterrein_De_Famberhorst_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Echt_judasoor_%28Auricularia_auricula-judae%2C_synoniem%2C_Hirneola_auricula-judae%29_bedekt_met_rijp._Locatie%2C_Natuurterrein_De_Famberhorst_01.jpg/470px-Echt_judasoor_%28Auricularia_auricula-judae%2C_synoniem%2C_Hirneola_auricula-judae%29_bedekt_met_rijp._Locatie%2C_Natuurterrein_De_Famberhorst_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Echt_judasoor_%28Auricularia_auricula-judae%2C_synoniem%2C_Hirneola_auricula-judae%29_bedekt_met_rijp._Locatie%2C_Natuurterrein_De_Famberhorst_01.jpg/626px-Echt_judasoor_%28Auricularia_auricula-judae%2C_synoniem%2C_Hirneola_auricula-judae%29_bedekt_met_rijp._Locatie%2C_Natuurterrein_De_Famberhorst_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="2982" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Auricularia_auricula-judae" title="Auricularia auricula-judae">Auricularia auricula-judae</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 187.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amplexus_Bufo_bufo_2010-03-29.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bufo bufo"><img alt="Bufo bufo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Amplexus_Bufo_bufo_2010-03-29.jpg/278px-Amplexus_Bufo_bufo_2010-03-29.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Amplexus_Bufo_bufo_2010-03-29.jpg/417px-Amplexus_Bufo_bufo_2010-03-29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Amplexus_Bufo_bufo_2010-03-29.jpg/556px-Amplexus_Bufo_bufo_2010-03-29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3747" data-file-height="2429" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Bufo_bufo" title="Bufo bufo">Bufo bufo</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sonnenblume_Helianthus_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Helianthus annuus"><img alt="Helianthus annuus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sonnenblume_Helianthus_2.JPG/180px-Sonnenblume_Helianthus_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sonnenblume_Helianthus_2.JPG/270px-Sonnenblume_Helianthus_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sonnenblume_Helianthus_2.JPG/360px-Sonnenblume_Helianthus_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Helianthus_annuus" title="Helianthus annuus">Helianthus annuus</a></i></div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <table style="width:100%; background:#fcfcfc; margin-top:2em;"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td style="width:50%; padding:0 1em 0 2em; color:#000; border:1px solid #ccc;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explure_Wikispecies">Explure Wikispecies</h2></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Help:Contents">HALP Section</a></b> – Detailed information aneat creautin pages.</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaean_taxonomy" class="extiw" title="en:Linnaean taxonomy">Taxanomie</a></b> – Information aneat the Linnaean classification o species.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Village_Pump" title="Wikispecies:Village Pump">Clachan Pump</a></b> – Tauk aneat the project.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Done_and_to_do" title="Wikispecies:Done and to do">Duin an Tae Dae</a></b> – See references tae fair detailed auries and defined futur targets</li> <li><b><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikispecies/FAQ" class="extiw" title="m:Wikispecies/FAQ">Wikispecies FAQ</a></b> – Check replies tae common concerns.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Image_Guidelines" title="Help:Image Guidelines">Image Guidelines</a></b> – Oor recommendation aneat whaur tae uplaid illustrations</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:PR" title="Wikispecies:PR">Wikispecies PR</a></b> – Halp us bi tellin fawk aneat Wikispecies</li></ul> <div style="color:green; font-size:150%;"> <p>Collaboration wi ZooKeys </p> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zookeys_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Zookeys_logo.svg/150px-Zookeys_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Zookeys_logo.svg/225px-Zookeys_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Zookeys_logo.svg/300px-Zookeys_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PhytoKeys_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/PhytoKeys_Logo.svg/150px-PhytoKeys_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/PhytoKeys_Logo.svg/225px-PhytoKeys_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/PhytoKeys_Logo.svg/300px-PhytoKeys_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2337" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Collaboration_with_ZooKeys_and_PhytoKeys" title="Wikispecies:Collaboration with ZooKeys and PhytoKeys">collaboration</a></b> atween Wikispecies an <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120428043121/http://www.pensoft.net/journal_home_page.php?journal_id=1&amp;page=home">ZooKeys</a> haes bin announced. PhytoKeys joined the collaboration an aw in Novembra 2010. Eemages o species fae ZooKeys an PhytoKeys will be uplaided tae <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="commons:Main Page">Wikimedia Commons</a> an uised in Wikispecies. </p><p><br /><br /> </p> <div id="mf-da"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distinguished_author">Distinguished author</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doctor_Francesco_Redi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Doctor_Francesco_Redi.jpg/180px-Doctor_Francesco_Redi.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Doctor_Francesco_Redi.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Redi" title="Francesco Redi">Francesco Redi</a></b><br />1626–1697. Standard IPNI form: <b>Redi</b> </p> <div style="font-size: 90%;"> <p>Francesco Redi was an Italian entomologist, parasitologist and toxicologist, sometimes referred to as the "founder of experimental biology" and the "father of modern parasitology". Having a doctoral degree and in both medicine and philosophy from the University of Pisa at the age of 21, he worked in various cities of Italy. </p><p>Redi is best known for his series of experiments, published in 1668 as <i>Esperienze Intorno alla Generazione degli Insetti</i> ("Experiments on the Generation of Insects"), which is regarded as his masterpiece and a milestone in the history of modern science. The book is one of the first steps in refuting "spontaneous generation", a theory also known as "Aristotelian abiogenesis". At the time, prevailing theory was that maggots arose spontaneously from rotting meat, which Redi was able to disprove. In an experiment, He used samples of rotting meat that were either fully exposed to the air, partially exposed to the air, or not exposed to air at all. Redi showed that both fully and partially exposed rotting meat developed fly maggots, whereas rotting meat that was not exposed to air did not develop maggots. This discovery completely changed the way people viewed the decomposition of organisms and prompted further investigations into insect life cycles and into entomology in general. It is also an early example of forensic entomology. </p><p>In <i>Esperienze Intorno alla Generazione degli Insetti</i> Redi was the first to describe ectoparasites, such as lice (<a href="/wiki/Phthiraptera" title="Phthiraptera">Phthiraptera</a>), fleas (<a href="/wiki/Siphonaptera" title="Siphonaptera">Siphonaptera</a>), and some mites (<a href="/wiki/Acari" title="Acari">Acari</a>). His next treatise in 1684, titled <i>Osservazioni intorno agli animali viventi che si trovano negli animali viventi</i> ("Observations on Living Animals, that are in Living Animals") recorded the descriptions and the illustrations of more than 100 parasites. In it he also differentiates the earthworm (generally regarded as a helminth) and <i><a href="/wiki/Ascaris_lumbricoides" title="Ascaris lumbricoides">Ascaris lumbricoides</a></i>, the human roundworm. An important innovation from the book is his experiments in chemotherapy in which he employed what is now called "scientific control", the basis of experimental design in modern biological research. Perhaps, his most significant observation was that parasites produce eggs and develop from them, which contradicted the prevailing opinion that they are produced spontaneously. Altogether he is known to have described some 180 species of parasites. </p> See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Distinguished_author" title="Wikispecies:Distinguished author">Distinguished authors of previous months</a>.</div> </div> </td> <td style="width:50%; padding:0 1em; background:#f5fffa; border:1px solid #ccc;" id="mf-sow"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species_of_the_month">Species of the month</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sociable_Lapwing">Sociable Lapwing</h3></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SociablePlover.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vanellus gregarius"><img alt="Vanellus gregarius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/SociablePlover.jpg/530px-SociablePlover.jpg" decoding="async" width="530" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/SociablePlover.jpg/795px-SociablePlover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/SociablePlover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="663" /></a></span> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Vanellus_gregarius" title="Vanellus gregarius">Vanellus gregarius</a></i> (<span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Simon_Pallas" title="Peter Simon Pallas">Pallas</a></span></span>, 1771) </p><p>Some facts about this bird: </p> <div style="font-size: 85%; text-indent: -2em; padding-left: 2em; clear: both;"> <p><b>Head and body length</b>: 27–30 cm.</p> <p><b>Wingspan</b>: 70–76 cm.</p> <p><b>Weigth</b>: 150–260 grams.</p> <p><b>Habitat</b>: Breeds in steppes. Prefers sandy short grass plains and meadows during non-breeding season.</p> <p><b>Distribution</b>: Breeds in northern and central Kazakhstan and south-central Russia.</p> <p><b>Diet</b>: Chiefly feeds on insects.</p> <p><b>Surviving number</b>: Estimated at 11,000.</p> <p><b>Conservation status</b>: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1 [2024-2])</p> <p><b>First described</b>: By the German zoologist and botanist <a href="/wiki/Peter_Simon_Pallas" title="Peter Simon Pallas">Peter Simon Pallas</a> in 1771 as <i><a href="/wiki/Charadrius" title="Charadrius">Charadrius</a> gregarius</i>.</p> </div> <p><br /> <span style="font-size: 90%;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Vanellus_gregarius" title="Vanellus gregarius">Vanellus gregarius</a></i> is a well-traveled tourist. This bird's flight routes take it from the breeding grounds in the steppes of Kazakhstan and Russia to locations throughout the Middle East. It has even been found as far south as Sudan and as far east as India. The species is monogamous. A single clutch of usually four eggs per season are laid in an unlined depression on the ground. The eggs are then incubated for about 25 days. Illegal hunting and habitat loss made the Sociable Lapwing population decline by 70% in the 20th century. </span> </p><p>See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Species_of_the_month" title="Wikispecies:Species of the month">Species of previous months</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width:100%; margin-top:2em; background:#fcfcfc; border:1px solid #ccc;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1em;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wikispecies_ne_ihter_lenguegans">Wikispecies ne ihter lenguegans</h2></div> <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%94n_Keue" title="Ôn Keue">Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Tuisblad">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portalada" title="Portalada">Aragonés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C4%93afodtramet" title="Hēafodtramet">Ænglisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0/anp" title="मुखपृष्ठ/anp">अंगिका</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الصفحة الرئيسية">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9" title="الصفحة اللولة">الدارجة</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="বেটুপাত">অসমীয়া</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1xina_principal" title="Páxina principal">Asturianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_S%C9%99hif%C9%99" title="Ana Səhifə">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaca_Utama" title="Kaca Utama">Basa Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoamseitn" title="Hoamseitn">Boarisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Першая старонка">Беларуская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Начална страница">Български</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8F%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85" title="بُنیادی تاکدیم">بلوچی</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="প্রধান পাতা">বাংলা</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degemer" title="Degemer">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" title="Početna strana">Bosanski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal" title="Pàgina principal">Català</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B3l%D0%BE" title="Коьрта агlо">Нохчийн</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" title="Hlavní strana">Čeština</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafan" title="Hafan">Cymraeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forside" title="Forside">Dansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauptseite" title="Hauptseite">Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pela_Seri" title="Pela Seri">Zazaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Κύρια Σελίδα">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" title="Ĉefpaĝo">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Portada">Español</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esileht" title="Esileht">Eesti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala">Euskara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%D9%94_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C" title="صفحهٔ اصلی">فارسی</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etusivu" title="Etusivu">Suomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fors%C3%AD%C3%B0a/Fo" title="Forsíða/Fo">Føroyskt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accueil" title="Accueil">Français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodsidj" title="Hoodsidj">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portada_galega" title="Portada galega">Galego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%94%CE%AD%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Κυρία Δέλτος">Ἑλληνική</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houptsyte" title="Houptsyte">Alemannisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99" title="עמוד ראשי">עברית</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0/hi" title="मुखपृष्ठ/hi">हिन्दी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glavna_stranica" title="Glavna stranica">Hrvatski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kezd%C5%91lap" title="Kezdőlap">Magyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AC%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%A7%D5%BB" title="Գլխավոր էջ">Հայերեն</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal" title="Pagina principal">Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Halaman Utama">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fors%C3%AD%C3%B0a_(%C3%ADslenska)" title="Forsíða (íslenska)">Íslenska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principale" title="Pagina principale">Italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="メインページ">日本語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendhapa" title="Pendhapa">Basa Jawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მთავარი გვერდი">ქართული</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Басты бет">қазақша</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8" title="대문">한국어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houpsigk" title="Houpsigk">Ripoarisch/Kölsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Башбарак">Кыргызча</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Главна страница">Македонски</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D3%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Прима паӂина">молдовеняскэ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0/mr" title="मुखपृष्ठ/mr">मराठी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" title="Laman Utama">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1igina_percipal" title="Páigina percipal">Mirandés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC" title="ဗဟိုစာမျက်နှာ">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%AA_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87" title="گت صفحه">مازرونی</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forside_(Norsk_bokm%C3%A5l)" title="Forside (Norsk bokmål)">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6%C3%A4rblad" title="Vöärblad">Neadersassisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="गृह पृष्ठ">नेपाली</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Hoofdpagina">Nederlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovedside" title="Hovedside">Nynorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh" title="Acuèlh">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A0%E0%AC%BE" title="ପ୍ରଧାନ ପୃଷ୍ଠା">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" title="Strona główna">Polski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" title="Página principal">Português</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qhapaq_p%27anqa" title="Qhapaq p&#39;anqa">Runa Simi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Pagina principală">Română</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Заглавная страница">Русский</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_printzipale" title="Pàgina printzipale">Sardu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A0ggina_principali" title="Pàggina principali">Sicilianu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="මුල් පිටුව">සිංහල</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlavn%C3%A1_str%C3%A1nka" title="Hlavná stránka">Slovenčina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glavna_stran" title="Glavna stran">Slovenščina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Главна страна">Српски</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glavna_strana" title="Glavna strana">Srpski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepas" title="Tepas">Sunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huvudsida" title="Huvudsida">Svenska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%A0%9D%EA%A0%A5%EA%A0%9F_%EA%A0%99%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%94%EA%A0%A3" title="ꠝꠥꠟ ꠙꠣꠔꠣ">ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przodni%C5%8F_zajta" title="Przodniŏ zajta">Ślōnski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="முதற் பக்கம்">தமிழ்</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Саҳифаи аслӣ">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="หน้าหลัก">ไทย</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Unang Pahina">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" title="Anasayfa">Türkçe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA" title="باش بەت">ئۇيغۇرچە</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Головна сторінка">Українська</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosh_sahifa" title="Bosh sahifa">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajina_prinsipa%C5%82e" title="Pajina prinsipałe">Veneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trang_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Trang Chính">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cifapad" title="Cifapad">Volapük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A4%D6%BC%D7%98_%D7%96%D7%B2%D6%B7%D7%98" title="הויפּט זײַט">ייִדיש</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E9%97%9C" title="玄關">粵語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="首页">简体中文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A0%81" title="主頁">繁體中文</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width:100%; margin-top:2em; background:#fcfcfc; border:1px solid #ccc;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1em;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="2" width="95%" style="background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Meta-Viki"><img alt="Meta-Viki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/20px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" 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title="wiktionary:Sco:Main Page"><b>Wikitionair</b></a> – Dictionair </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scots_Commons" class="extiw" title="commons:Scots Commons"><b>Wikimedia Commons</b></a> – Commons </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.canary‐57f87948c4‐h29bm Cached time: 20241120072036 Cache expiry: 3600 Reduced expiry: true Complications: 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