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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Letters and documents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letters_and_documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Biographies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_studies_of_Oscar_Wilde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_studies_of_Oscar_Wilde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literary studies of Oscar Wilde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_studies_of_Oscar_Wilde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Novels_and_fiction_about_Wilde's_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novels_and_fiction_about_Wilde's_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Novels and fiction about Wilde's life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novels_and_fiction_about_Wilde's_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biographical_films,_television_series_and_stage_plays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographical_films,_television_series_and_stage_plays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Biographical films, television series and stage plays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographical_films,_television_series_and_stage_plays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div 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0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This literature-related list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biographies_of_Oscar_Wilde&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>'s life and death have generated numerous biographies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memoirs">Memoirs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biographies_of_Oscar_Wilde&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Memoirs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lord_Alfred_Douglas" title="Lord Alfred Douglas">Lord Alfred Douglas</a> wrote two books about his relationship with Wilde: <i>Oscar Wilde and Myself</i> (1914), largely ghost-written by <a href="/wiki/T.W.H._Crosland" class="mw-redirect" title="T.W.H. Crosland">T.W.H. Crosland</a>, vindictively reacted to Douglas's discovery that <i>De Profundis</i> was addressed to him and defensively tried to distance him from Wilde's scandalous reputation. Both authors later regretted their work.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, in <i>Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up</i> (1940) and his <i>Autobiography</i> he was more sympathetic to Wilde. An account of the argument between Frank Harris, Lord Alfred Douglas and Oscar Wilde as to the advisability of Wilde's prosecuting Queensberry can be found in the preface to George Bernard Shaw's play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Lady_of_the_Sonnets" title="The Dark Lady of the Sonnets">The Dark Lady of the Sonnets</a></i>. Frank Harris made his own contribution in a full-length memoir, <i>Oscar Wilde: His Life and Confessions</i> (1916), which is considered very readable but not entirely reliable.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1954 <a href="/wiki/Vyvyan_Holland" title="Vyvyan Holland">Vyvyan Holland</a> published his memoir <i>Son of Oscar Wilde</i>, the story of his education after his father's disgrace and imprisonment. It was revised and updated by <a href="/wiki/Merlin_Holland" title="Merlin Holland">Merlin Holland</a> in 1989. <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a>, on whom Wilde had such a strange effect, wrote, <i>In Memoriam, Oscar Wilde</i>; Wilde also features in his journals.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thomas Louis, who had earlier translated books on Wilde into French, produced his own <i>L'esprit d'Oscar Wilde</i> in 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letters_and_documents">Letters and documents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biographies_of_Oscar_Wilde&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Letters and documents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1962, Wilde's letters were first published, edited by <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Hart-Davis" title="Rupert Hart-Davis">Rupert Hart-Davis</a>. Merlin Holland revised it and included new discoveries in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Letters_of_Oscar_Wilde" class="mw-redirect" title="The Complete Letters of Oscar Wilde">The Complete Letters of Oscar Wilde</a></i> (Merlin Holland & Rupert Hart-Davis. (2000). Henry Holt and Company LLC, New York. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-5915-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-5915-6">0-8050-5915-6</a>). In 1997 Merlin Holland published <i>The Wilde Album</i>. This small volume of pictures, images, and other Wilde memorabilia, drew on previously unpublished archives. It includes all 27 portraits taken by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Sarony" title="Napoleon Sarony">Napoleon Sarony</a> in New York in 1882. In 2003 <a href="/wiki/Merlin_Holland" title="Merlin Holland">Merlin Holland</a> edited the uncensored transcripts of Wilde's trials for publication. The book contained a 50-page introduction by Merlin Holland, and a foreword by <a href="/wiki/John_Mortimer_QC" class="mw-redirect" title="John Mortimer QC">John Mortimer QC</a>. It was published as <i>Irish Peacock and Scarlett Marquess: The Real Trial of Oscar Wilde</i> in the UK, and as simply <i>The Real Trial of Oscar Wilde</i> in some other countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographies">Biographies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biographies_of_Oscar_Wilde&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Biographies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wildehouse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Wildehouse.JPG/220px-Wildehouse.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Wildehouse.JPG/330px-Wildehouse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Wildehouse.JPG/440px-Wildehouse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="1260" /></a><figcaption>Oscar Wilde's house in <a href="/wiki/Tite_Street" title="Tite Street">Tite Street</a>, Chelsea</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>In 1946 <a href="/wiki/Hesketh_Pearson" title="Hesketh Pearson">Hesketh Pearson</a> published <i>The Life of Oscar Wilde</i> (Methuen), containing materials derived from conversations with <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">Bernard Shaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Alexander_(actor)" title="George Alexander (actor)">George Alexander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Beerbohm_Tree" title="Herbert Beerbohm Tree">Herbert Beerbohm Tree</a> and many others who had known or worked with Wilde.</li> <li>In 1987 the <a href="/wiki/Biography_in_literature" title="Biography in literature">literary biographer</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ellmann" title="Richard Ellmann">Richard Ellmann</a> published his detailed work <i>Oscar Wilde</i>, for which he posthumously won a National (USA) Book Critics Circle Award in 1988<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is considered by some to be the definitive work on the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ray_Monk" title="Ray Monk">Ray Monk</a>, a philosopher and biographer, described Ellmann's <i>Oscar Wilde</i> as a "rich, fascinating biography that succeeds in understanding another person".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it has gained the reputation among Wilde scholars of being very fallible on points of fact. Paul Chipchase wrote that "It would be dangerous to rely on any single statement of Professor Ellmann without examining the sources for it", and Horst Schroeder that "his most elementary facts, attributions and quotations...were more often than not wrong".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book was the basis for the 1997 film <i><a href="/wiki/Wilde_(film)" title="Wilde (film)">Wilde</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Gilbert_(director)" title="Brian Gilbert (director)">Brian Gilbert</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1994 Melissa Knox published her "psycho-biography" <i>Oscar Wilde: A Long and Lovely Suicide</i>. This book explores the ways in which Wilde's literary styles and the events of his life developed in response to his desires, conflicts and suffering. It offers new information as well as new insights into Wilde as an artist.</li> <li>1999 saw the publication of <i>Oscar Wilde on Stage and Screen</i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Tanitch" title="Robert Tanitch">Robert Tanitch</a>. This book is a comprehensive record of Wilde's life and work as presented on stage and screen from 1880 until 1999. It includes cast lists and snippets of reviews.</li> <li>In 2000 Barbara Belford, a professor at Columbia University, published <i>Oscar Wilde: A Certain Genius</i>.</li> <li>2000 also saw the publication of <i>The Unmasking of Oscar Wilde</i> by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pearce" title="Joseph Pearce">Joseph Pearce</a>. It explores the religious sensibility in his art, his interior suffering and dissatisfaction, his lifelong fascination with Catholicism despite his Protestant upbringing, and his reception into the Catholic Church on his deathbed.</li> <li>In 2003 Century/Random house published <i>The Secret Life of Oscar Wilde</i> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_McKenna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neil McKenna (page does not exist)">Neil McKenna</a>, billed as the "first complete account of Wilde's sexual and emotional life".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is often speculative, and it has been widely criticised for its lack of scholarly rigour and its pure conjectures.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2008 Chatto & Windus published Thomas Wright's <i>Oscar's Books</i>, a biography of Wilde the reader, which explores all aspects of his reading from his childhood in Dublin to his death in Paris. Wright tracked down many books that formerly belonged in Wilde's Tite Street Library, which was dispersed at the time of his trials; these contain Wilde's marginal notes, which no scholar had previously examined. The book was published as a Vintage paperback in September 2009. It was published in the USA, also in 2009, as <i>Built of Books: How Reading Defined the Life of Oscar Wilde</i>.</li> <li>In 2014 David M. Friedman published <i>Wilde in America</i>, the central core of which discusses Oscar's tour of the United States, but also provides an account of his life, especially his early education and rise to fame.</li> <li>In 2018 Head of Zeus Ltd in London published <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Sturgis" title="Matthew Sturgis">Matthew Sturgis</a>'s <i>Oscar: A Life</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_studies_of_Oscar_Wilde">Literary studies of Oscar Wilde</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biographies_of_Oscar_Wilde&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Literary studies of Oscar Wilde"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1912 <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ransome" title="Arthur Ransome">Arthur Ransome</a> published <i>Oscar Wilde, a critical study</i>, a literary study of Wilde. This briefly mentioned Wilde's life, but resulted in Ransome (and The Times Book Club) being sued for libel by <a href="/wiki/Lord_Alfred_Douglas" title="Lord Alfred Douglas">Lord Alfred Douglas</a>; a trial in April 1913 which in a way was a re-run of the trial(s) of Oscar Wilde. The trial resulted from Douglas's rivalry with <a href="/wiki/Robbie_Ross" title="Robbie Ross">Robbie Ross</a> for Wilde (and his need for money). Douglas lost; <a href="/wiki/De_Profundis_(letter)" title="De Profundis (letter)"><i>De Profundis</i></a>, which was read in part at the trial, disproved his claims.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Novels_and_fiction_about_Wilde's_life"><span id="Novels_and_fiction_about_Wilde.27s_life"></span>Novels and fiction about Wilde's life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biographies_of_Oscar_Wilde&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Novels and fiction about Wilde's life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 1955 <a href="/wiki/Sewell_Stokes" title="Sewell Stokes">Sewell Stokes</a> wrote a novel, <i>Beyond His Means</i>, based on the life of Oscar Wilde.</li> <li>In 1983 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ackroyd" title="Peter Ackroyd">Peter Ackroyd</a> published <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Testament_of_Oscar_Wilde" title="The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde">The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde</a></i>, a novel in the form of a pretended memoir.</li> <li>In 1990 Russell A.Brown published <i>Sherlock Holmes and the Mysterious Friend of Oscar Wilde</i> in which the writer consults the great detective.</li> <li>In 1991, cartoonist Dave Sim published <i>Melmoth</i>, a partially fictionalised account of Oscar Wilde's last days, as a part of his graphic epic <a href="/wiki/Cerebus_the_Aardvark" title="Cerebus the Aardvark"><i>Cerebus</i></a>.</li> <li>In 1987, Robert Reilly wrote and published <i>The God of Mirrors</i>, a novel based on the facts of Wilde's "dazzling life and tragic fate."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographical_films,_television_series_and_stage_plays"><span id="Biographical_films.2C_television_series_and_stage_plays"></span>Biographical films, television series and stage plays</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biographies_of_Oscar_Wilde&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Biographical films, television series and stage plays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The play <i><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde_(play)" title="Oscar Wilde (play)">Oscar Wilde</a></i> (1936), written by <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stokes" title="Leslie Stokes">Leslie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sewell_Stokes" title="Sewell Stokes">Sewell Stokes</a>, based on the life of Wilde, included <a href="/wiki/Frank_Harris" title="Frank Harris">Frank Harris</a> as a character. Starring <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morley" title="Robert Morley">Robert Morley</a>, the play opened at the Gate Theatre in London in 1936, and two years later was staged in New York where its success launched the career of Morley as a stage actor.</li> <li>Two films of his life were released in 1960. The first to be released was <i><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde_(film)" title="Oscar Wilde (film)">Oscar Wilde</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morley" title="Robert Morley">Robert Morley</a> and based on the Stokes brothers' play mentioned above. Then came <i><a href="/wiki/The_Trials_of_Oscar_Wilde" title="The Trials of Oscar Wilde">The Trials of Oscar Wilde</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a>. At the time homosexuality was still a criminal offence in the UK and both films were rather cagey in touching on the subject without being explicit.</li> <li>In 1960, the Irish actor <a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_MacL%C3%ADamm%C3%B3ir" class="mw-redirect" title="Micheál MacLíammóir">Micheál MacLíammóir</a> began performing a one-man show called <i><a href="/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Oscar" title="The Importance of Being Oscar">The Importance of Being Oscar</a>.</i> The show was heavily influenced by <a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Brechtian</a> theory and contained many poems and samples of Wilde's writing. The play was a success and MacLiammoir toured it with success everywhere he went. It was published in 1963.</li> <li>In 1972, director Adrian Hall's and composer Richard Cumming's play <i>Feasting with Panthers</i>, based on Wilde's writings and set in <a href="/wiki/Reading_Gaol" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading Gaol">Reading Gaol</a>, premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Repertory_Company" title="Trinity Repertory Company">Trinity Repertory Company</a> in Providence, Rhode Island.</li> <li>In the summer of 1977 <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Price" title="Vincent Price">Vincent Price</a> began performing the one-man play <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diversions_and_Delights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diversions and Delights (page does not exist)">Diversions and Delights</a></i>. Written by <a href="/wiki/John_Gay_(screenwriter)" title="John Gay (screenwriter)">John Gay</a> and directed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hardy_(director)" title="Joseph Hardy (director)">Joseph Hardy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the premise of the play is that an ageing Oscar Wilde, to earn some much-needed money, gave a lecture on his life in a Parisian theatre on 28 November 1899 (just a year before his death). The play was a success everywhere it was performed, except for its New York City run. It was revived in 1990 in London with <a href="/wiki/Donald_Sinden" title="Donald Sinden">Donald Sinden</a> in the role.</li> <li>In 1977, the <a href="/wiki/La_Mama_Theatre_(Melbourne)" title="La Mama Theatre (Melbourne)">La Mama Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> staged <a href="/wiki/Barry_Dickins" title="Barry Dickins">Barry Dickins'</a> one-act play <i>The Great Oscar Wilde Trial</i>. Starring Ross Dixon in the title role, the play was a dramatization of the three trials that ruined Wilde's career.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1978 <a href="/wiki/London_Weekend_Television" title="London Weekend Television">London Weekend Television</a> produced a television series about the life of <a href="/wiki/Lillie_Langtry" title="Lillie Langtry">Lillie Langtry</a> entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Lillie_(TV_series)" title="Lillie (TV series)">Lillie</a></i>. In it <a href="/wiki/Peter_Egan" title="Peter Egan">Peter Egan</a> played Oscar. The bulk of his scenes portrayed their close friendship up to and including their tours of America in 1882. Thereafter, he was in a few more scenes leading up to his trials in 1895.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gambon" title="Michael Gambon">Michael Gambon</a> portrayed Wilde on British television in 1985 in the three-part BBC series <i><a href="/wiki/Oscar_(TV_serial)" title="Oscar (TV serial)">Oscar</a></i> concentrating on the trial and prison term.</li> <li>1988 saw <a href="/wiki/Nickolas_Grace" title="Nickolas Grace">Nickolas Grace</a> playing Wilde in <a href="/wiki/Ken_Russell" title="Ken Russell">Ken Russell</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/Salome%27s_Last_Dance" title="Salome's Last Dance">Salome's Last Dance</a>.</i></li> <li>In 1989 <a href="/wiki/Terry_Eagleton" title="Terry Eagleton">Terry Eagleton</a> premiered his play <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Oscar_(play)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Oscar (play) (page does not exist)">St. Oscar</a></i>. Eagleton agrees that only one line in the entire play is taken directly from Wilde, while the rest of the dialogue is his own fancy. The play is also influenced by Brechtian theory.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Holland_(author)" title="Tom Holland (author)">Tom Holland</a>'s 1988 play (radio version 1990, professional performance 1991) <i>The Importance of Being Frank</i> relates Wilde's trial, imprisonment and exile, using quotation and pastiche of <i>The Importance of Being Earnest</i>.</li> <li>In 1994 Jim Bartley published <i>Stephen and Mr. Wilde</i>, a novel about Wilde and his fictional black manservant Stephen set during Wilde's American tour.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moises_Kaufman" class="mw-redirect" title="Moises Kaufman">Moises Kaufman</a>'s 1997 play <i><a href="/wiki/Gross_Indecency:_The_Three_Trials_of_Oscar_Wilde" title="Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde">Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde</a></i> uses real quotes and transcripts of Wilde's three trials.</li> <li>Wilde appears as a supporting character in <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a>'s 1997 play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Invention_of_Love" title="The Invention of Love">The Invention of Love</a></i> and is referenced extensively in Stoppard's 1974 play <i><a href="/wiki/Travesties" title="Travesties">Travesties</a></i>.</li> <li>Avoiding the restrictions on the two films from 1960, British actor <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Fry" title="Stephen Fry">Stephen Fry</a> portrayed Wilde (whose fan he had been since the age of 13) in the 1997 film <i><a href="/wiki/Wilde_(film)" title="Wilde (film)">Wilde</a></i> to critical acclaim – a role that he has said he was "born to play". Fry, an acknowledged Wilde scholar, also appeared as Wilde in the short-lived American television series <i>Ned Blessing</i> (1993).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hare_(playwright)" title="David Hare (playwright)">David Hare</a>'s 1998 play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Judas_Kiss_(play)" title="The Judas Kiss (play)">The Judas Kiss</a></i> depicts Wilde's scandal and disgrace at the hands of his young lover Bosie.</li> <li>In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Romulus_Linney_(playwright)" title="Romulus Linney (playwright)">Romulus Linney</a> published <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oscar_Over_Here&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oscar Over Here (page does not exist)">Oscar Over Here</a></i> which recounts Wilde's lectures in America during the 1880s, specifically in Leadville, CO, as well as his time in prison and a death fantasy which included a conversation with a <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> figure. The first performance of this work was in New York in 1995.</li> <li>The main character in the <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Ahrens" title="Lynn Ahrens">Lynn Ahrens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Flaherty" title="Stephen Flaherty">Stephen Flaherty</a> musical <i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_of_No_Importance_(musical)" title="A Man of No Importance (musical)">A Man of No Importance</a></i> identifies himself with Oscar Wilde, and Wilde appears to him several times.</li> <li>In 2000, Australian actor <a href="/wiki/Sam_Sejavka" title="Sam Sejavka">Sam Sejavka</a> starred in the one-man show <i>Believe Me, Oscar Wilde</i> at the <a href="/wiki/La_Mama_Theatre_(Melbourne)" title="La Mama Theatre (Melbourne)">La Mama Theatre</a> in Melbourne, Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The script was written by playwright <a href="/wiki/Barry_Dickins" title="Barry Dickins">Barry Dickins</a>, who had also previously penned <i>The Great Oscar Wilde Trial</i> for La Mama back in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Actor/playwright <a href="/wiki/Jade_Esteban_Estrada" title="Jade Esteban Estrada">Jade Esteban Estrada</a> portrayed Wilde in the solo musical comedy ICONS: The Lesbian and Gay History of the World, Vol. 1 in 2002.</li> <li><i>Oscar</i>: in October 2004, a stage musical by <a href="/wiki/Mike_Read" title="Mike Read">Mike Read</a> about Wilde closed after just one night at the Shaw Theatre in Euston after a severe critical mauling.</li> <li><i>De Profundis</i> in 2004, a theatrical adaptation of Wilde's letter of the same name, was performed by Don Anderson at the Segal Centre for the Arts in Montreal, Quebec. Receiving psitiver reviews and playing to sold out audiences, the role won Anderson the MECCA, Montreal English Critic's Circle Award, for best actor of 2004.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>An opera by Theodore Morrison and <a href="/wiki/John_Cox_(director)" title="John Cox (director)">John Cox</a> based on Wilde's life is to be premiered by the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Opera" title="Santa Fe Opera">Santa Fe Opera</a> in their 2013 summer festival, starring <a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">countertenor</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Daniels_(countertenor)" title="David Daniels (countertenor)">David Daniels</a> in the title role. It received a co-commission with Opera Company of Philadelphia through its American Repertoire Program, and will show there in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Happy_Prince_(2018_film)" title="The Happy Prince (2018 film)">The Happy Prince</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Everett" title="Rupert Everett">Rupert Everett</a> (who also wrote and directed) as Oscar Wilde, premiered in June 2018 in London. The film concerns itself with the three and a half years of Wilde's life after his release from gaol in May 1897. Peter Bradshaw, writing for The Guardian, stated that "this film is a deeply felt, tremendously acted tribute to courage."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biographies_of_Oscar_Wilde&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raby (1997:8)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSerafin2003" class="citation book cs1">Serafin, Steven R., ed. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LyJqIfNPSgcC&dq=%22Pullar+and+Ellmann+distrust%22&pg=PA487"><i>The Continuum Encyclopedia of American Literature</i></a>. New York: Continuum. p. 487. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0826415172" title="Special:BookSources/0826415172"><bdi>0826415172</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Continuum+Encyclopedia+of+American+Literature&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=487&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0826415172&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLyJqIfNPSgcC%26dq%3D%2522Pullar%2Band%2BEllmann%2Bdistrust%2522%26pg%3DPA487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiographies+of+Oscar+Wilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGide1905" class="citation book cs1">Gide, André (1905). <i>In Memoriam, Oscar Wilde</i>. Paris: Editions Mercure De France.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memoriam%2C+Oscar+Wilde&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Editions+Mercure+De+France&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Gide&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiographies+of+Oscar+Wilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLouis" class="citation book cs1">Louis, Thomas. <i>L'esprit d'Oscar Wilde</i>. Collection Anglia (4 ed.). Paris: G. Crès & Cie. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3243250">3243250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27esprit+d%27Oscar+Wilde&rft.place=Paris&rft.series=Collection+Anglia&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=G.+Cr%C3%A8s+%26+Cie&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3243250&rft.aulast=Louis&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiographies+of+Oscar+Wilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427180857/http://bookcritics.org/awards/past_awards/">"All Past National Book Critics Circle Award Winners and Finalists"</a>. National Book Critics Circle. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bookcritics.org/awards/past_awards/">the original</a> on 27 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Past+National+Book+Critics+Circle+Award+Winners+and+Finalists&rft.pub=National+Book+Critics+Circle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbookcritics.org%2Fawards%2Fpast_awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiographies+of+Oscar+Wilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Biography-or-Autobiography">"Autobiography or Biography"</a>. The Pulitzer Prizes<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Autobiography+or+Biography&rft.pub=The+Pulitzer+Prizes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pulitzer.org%2Fbycat%2FBiography-or-Autobiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiographies+of+Oscar+Wilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHolland2003" class="citation news cs1">Holland, Merlin (7 May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/may/07/top10s.oscar.wilde">"The 10 most popular misconceptions about Oscar Wilde"</a>. London: Guardian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+10+most+popular+misconceptions+about+Oscar+Wilde&rft.date=2003-05-07&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Merlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2003%2Fmay%2F07%2Ftop10s.oscar.wilde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiographies+of+Oscar+Wilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philosophybites.com/2008/08/ray-monk-on-phi.html">"Ray Monk on Philosophy and biography"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(audio)</span>. philosophy bites. 31 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ray+Monk+on+Philosophy+and+biography&rft.pub=philosophy+bites&rft.date=2008-08-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphilosophybites.com%2F2008%2F08%2Fray-monk-on-phi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiographies+of+Oscar+Wilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchroeder2002" class="citation book cs1">Schroeder, Horst (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXQfAQAAIAAJ&q=%22rely+on+any+single+statement%22"><i>Additions and Corrections to Richard Ellmann's </i>Oscar Wilde<i><span></span></i></a>. Braunschweig. p. xviii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3000116966" title="Special:BookSources/3000116966"><bdi>3000116966</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Additions+and+Corrections+to+Richard+Ellmann%27s+Oscar+Wilde&rft.place=Braunschweig&rft.pages=xviii&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=3000116966&rft.aulast=Schroeder&rft.aufirst=Horst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZXQfAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522rely%2Bon%2Bany%2Bsingle%2Bstatement%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiographies+of+Oscar+Wilde" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEbert1998" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Ebert, Roger</a> (12 June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120092801/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19980612%2FREVIEWS%2F806120305%2F1023">"Wilde"</a>. Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19980612/REVIEWS/806120305/1023">the original</a> on 20 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wilde&rft.date=1998-06-12&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frogerebert.suntimes.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F19980612%2FREVIEWS%2F806120305%2F1023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiographies+of+Oscar+Wilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBedell2003" class="citation news cs1">Bedell, Geraldine (26 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/oct/26/biography.stage1">"It was all Greek to Oscar"</a>. London: Guardian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=It+was+all+Greek+to+Oscar&rft.date=2003-10-26&rft.aulast=Bedell&rft.aufirst=Geraldine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2003%2Foct%2F26%2Fbiography.stage1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiographies+of+Oscar+Wilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParker2003" class="citation news cs1">Parker, Peter (26 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615080252/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article998029.ece">"The Secret Life of Oscar"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article998029.ece">the original</a> on 15 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Secret+Life+of+Oscar&rft.date=2003-10-26&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Farts_and_entertainment%2Fbooks%2Farticle998029.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiographies+of+Oscar+Wilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Life of Arthur Ransome</i> by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Brogan" title="Hugh Brogan">Hugh Brogan</a> pp 79–90 (1984, Jonathan Cape, London) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-224-02010-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-224-02010-2">0-224-02010-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=4054">"Diversions and Delights – Broadway Play – Original | IBDB"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diversions+and+Delights+%E2%80%93+Broadway+Play+%E2%80%93+Original+%26%23124%3B+IBDB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibdb.com%2Fproduction.php%3Fid%3D4054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiographies+of+Oscar+Wilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cass, Adam; <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mup.com.au/books/9780522871562-la-mama">La Mama</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_University_Publishing" title="Melbourne University Publishing">The Miegunyah Press</a>; 2017; pg 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ausstage.edu.au/pages/event/117474">"AusStage"</a>. <i>www.ausstage.edu.au</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ausstage.edu.au&rft.atitle=AusStage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ausstage.edu.au%2Fpages%2Fevent%2F117474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiographies+of+Oscar+Wilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/rn/legacy/programs/atoday/stories/s133053.htm">"Barry Dickens, Believe Me, Oscar Wilde"</a>. <i>www.abc.net.au</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.abc.net.au&rft.atitle=Barry+Dickens%2C+Believe+Me%2C+Oscar+Wilde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Frn%2Flegacy%2Fprograms%2Fatoday%2Fstories%2Fs133053.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiographies+of+Oscar+Wilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTommasini2011" class="citation news cs1">Tommasini, Anthony (10 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/08/10/sante-fe-opera-to-present-three-new-works/">"Santa Fe Opera to Present Three New Works"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Santa+Fe+Opera+to+Present+Three+New+Works&rft.date=2011-08-10&rft.aulast=Tommasini&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F08%2F10%2Fsante-fe-opera-to-present-three-new-works%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiographies+of+Oscar+Wilde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradshaw,Peter; <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/jan/22/the-happy-prince-film-review-rupert-everett-oscar-wilde">[1]</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>; 22 January 2018</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biographies_of_Oscar_Wilde&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719030758/http://www.jfki.fu-berlin.de/faculty/culture/persons/brandt/Bibliography_OscarWilde.pdf">Bibliography of Books about Oscar Wilde</a> by H.S Brandt, University of Siegen</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0928492/">Profile of, writings adapted into films and films about Oscar Wilde</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oscar_Wilde" title="Template:Oscar Wilde"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oscar_Wilde" title="Template talk:Oscar Wilde"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oscar_Wilde" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oscar Wilde"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oscar_Wilde228" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Picture_of_Dorian_Gray" title="The Picture of Dorian Gray">The Picture of Dorian Gray</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Essays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Decay_of_Lying" title="The Decay of Lying">The Decay of Lying</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Soul_of_Man_Under_Socialism" title="The Soul of Man Under Socialism">The Soul of Man Under Socialism</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Critic_as_Artist" title="The Critic as Artist">The Critic as Artist</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/De_Profundis_(letter)" title="De Profundis (letter)">De Profundis</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Canterville_Ghost" title="The Canterville Ghost">The Canterville Ghost</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Portrait_of_Mr._W._H." title="The Portrait of Mr. W. H.">The Portrait of Mr. W. H.</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_Arthur_Savile%27s_Crime_and_Other_Stories" title="Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and Other Stories">Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and Other Stories</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Happy_Prince_and_Other_Tales" title="The Happy Prince and Other Tales">The Happy Prince and Other Stories</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_House_of_Pomegranates" title="A House of Pomegranates">A House of Pomegranates</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Reading_Gaol" title="The Ballad of Reading Gaol">The Ballad of Reading Gaol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charmides_(poem)" title="Charmides (poem)">Charmides</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Harlot%27s_House" title="The Harlot's House">The Harlot's House</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poems_in_Prose_(Wilde_collection)" title="Poems in Prose (Wilde collection)">Poems in Prose</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sphinx_(poem)" title="The Sphinx (poem)">The Sphinx</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vera;_or,_The_Nihilists" title="Vera; or, The Nihilists">Vera; or, The Nihilists</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Duchess_of_Padua" title="The Duchess of Padua">The Duchess of Padua</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Windermere%27s_Fan" title="Lady Windermere's Fan">Lady Windermere's Fan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Florentine_Tragedy" title="A Florentine Tragedy">A Florentine Tragedy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_of_No_Importance" title="A Woman of No Importance">A Woman of No Importance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salome_(play)" title="Salome (play)">Salome</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Sainte_Courtisane" title="La Sainte Courtisane">La Sainte Courtisane</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Ideal_Husband" title="An Ideal Husband">An Ideal Husband</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest" title="The Importance of Being Earnest">The Importance of Being Earnest</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Wilde" title="Constance Wilde">Constance Wilde <small>(wife)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Holland" title="Cyril Holland">Cyril Wilde Holland <small>(son)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyvyan_Holland" title="Vyvyan Holland">Vyvyan Wilde Holland <small>(son)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin_Holland" title="Merlin Holland">Merlin Holland <small>(grandson)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilde" title="William Wilde">William Wilde <small>(father)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Wilde" title="Jane Wilde">Jane Elgee Wilde <small>(mother)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Wilde" title="Willie Wilde">Willie Wilde <small>(brother)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde_Centre" title="Oscar Wilde Centre">Oscar Wilde Centre <small>(academic centre)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrion_Square#Occupancy" title="Merrion Square">Merrion Square home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde%27s_tomb" title="Oscar Wilde's tomb">Tomb and gravesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Conversation_with_Oscar_Wilde" title="A Conversation with Oscar Wilde"><i>A Conversation with Oscar Wilde</i> <small>(London sculpture)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde_Memorial_Sculpture" title="Oscar Wilde Memorial Sculpture">Memorial triptych sculpture, Dublin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Based on Wilde's<br />life and works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_based_on_the_works_of_Oscar_Wilde" title="Music based on the works of Oscar Wilde">Music based on the works of Oscar Wilde</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Biographies of Oscar Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_(Wilde):_Themes_and_derivatives" title="Salome (Wilde): Themes and derivatives">Themes and derivatives of <i>Salome</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde_(play)" title="Oscar Wilde (play)"><i>Oscar Wilde</i> <small>(1936 play)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde_(film)" title="Oscar Wilde (film)"><i>Oscar Wilde</i> <small>(1960 film)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trials_of_Oscar_Wilde" title="The Trials of Oscar Wilde"><i>The Trials of Oscar Wilde</i> <small>(1960 film)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Oscar" title="The Importance of Being Oscar"><i>The Importance of Being Oscar</i> <small>(1960 play)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_(TV_serial)" title="Oscar (TV serial)"><i>Oscar</i> <small>(1985 miniseries)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilde_(film)" title="Wilde (film)"><i>Wilde</i> <small>(1997 film)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_Indecency:_The_Three_Trials_of_Oscar_Wilde" title="Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde"><i>Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde</i> <small>(1997 play)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Judas_Kiss_(play)" title="The Judas Kiss (play)"><i>The Judas Kiss</i> <small>(1998 play)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_(opera)" title="Oscar (opera)"><i>Oscar</i> <small>(2013 opera)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Happy_Prince_(2018_film)" title="The Happy Prince (2018 film)"><i>The Happy Prince</i> <small>(2018 film)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde_bibliography" title="Oscar Wilde bibliography">Oscar Wilde bibliography</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Letters_of_Oscar_Wilde" title="The Letters of Oscar Wilde">The Letters of Oscar Wilde</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teleny,_or_The_Reverse_of_the_Medal" title="Teleny, or The Reverse of the Medal">Teleny, or The Reverse of the Medal</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Alfred_Douglas" title="Lord Alfred Douglas">Lord Alfred Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Leverson" title="Ada Leverson">Ada Leverson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robbie_Ross" title="Robbie Ross">Robbie Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sherard" title="Robert Sherard">Robert Sherard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" 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