CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913536956e8587a8',cH: '9nWTVh_VkE1ef8fy392AC5k4Y3KxanDtmHZZ5pp41xg-1739789392-1.2.1.1-v8Ux_lVwhny8TZUGUlF26lkyqmenuSDuPv2Tc0rDHDazCW4vKWtFI7YFpRkVwPrn',cUPMDTk: "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/1223\/9462?__cf_chl_tk=sd7qsoi24lFZlFW_4UGKarZ2eoAApEDheNKZQpTWpFw-1739789392-1.0.1.1-mDemmXITOS9oBA1ZkRuu7LtQlV3XOTJ93J2ok.YUI5o",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739789392',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/1223\/9462?__cf_chl_f_tk=sd7qsoi24lFZlFW_4UGKarZ2eoAApEDheNKZQpTWpFw-1739789392-1.0.1.1-mDemmXITOS9oBA1ZkRuu7LtQlV3XOTJ93J2ok.YUI5o",md: "yFQ9CvWjV7IsWZnLdXoFllIgDni.TjlpCR763ImkCrY-1739789392-1.2.1.1-NSkg0VkyxW4NLzP2R2it7_H8NNNapJ8.4wtwG3gB0SlN45GnxAz071b8XITrb0dt.KielFbwC_zlhS88WzOvo_NGBlZYCuApOO5hbEvBjMEQn6W5vjjrCYeLHpnfYhouns0SNPn9MtTvZBLRujvmy63238TUvR_I8RBZ9KrNMiUacDRqq5w8ohU2JT8lbPYP0BaJPYHlHcbMr40htdLUzwYupRFKMTzGqTcC9w9hB2FsTyP2K8hGoYx9SFF0slGqjWmhwbNXgfb40uGnreRqcVXPsGbklxbk2FxXxuTk7EUgApRgz2kSs.1DiUU__N8y8WmbQh7963uGYkTRh99X6nNqCjppN7.5CGMCHNlMmzr0M2oVTXFi.Z1VI.tXJoGz3ZOuHWCENA4uM_yYvbaonjGEIAgEyfR1Zr_8EPc_0H7icswU7FxvhKxBBIdpnMHSUAyh0vqsPQPADzpvVbZpHyNNcwEGOXV6TE66K88ZfoylTC7FtKSqDxnt3pF0C08mv0KGVUzhYfYG52QiX62wO8InWlQCOWpl5oMkvyAE0z7pnxwrlP7_iKmxzjdWvEfB6z7co_g5.DwCwT0IP_D7OGkQKMbwIpJeJ6C7U9DMorEEDgRr_NDDxVbqbOIMYNv5xhsAytIAvMTNC6CbWmVjHfrxwwKQvLlPagJ.eKpSABRx_QHT3rt5TLF_ohHqsrj7COm2oshPlPE8AjUxKeL2hDgGVlcjABt1.DcAx96VHcFW.QyvWDLxJHbTbq01BE6WFL3cDKXe84GMKyj4Jh7kFZPnVfX299clB5bV6ajaikt4_9F161SBlyuit4R_aa8mWP2J9Ub0t7KGKbYtKFwWEuJVQj6lqZ5iPwtRNkDuF6JJpJQSs3cRCuNdRZQMAaPnSJOHluWh_bnrERfsof.aKYCVdXMa0jrXLZjOuGeXnyjNfApJ7.IBMhkhJ19IuGjcUxQWbC7XCyV4qY2.2khVfMZ16rS0gxkWAqKIhepPk8BQd.ylqa_dfh.ErcP0FR1b28E1nImDur1pwJ3Zw5nn80WFXexOUHkevlmkju8a.JhJgvpbJtRfS8yJ6eGG50PDsYFUOSWrPQ6tO6SsN2JmfQAkQz4NZQDy1XbfONXXoi.G0jkG1LQPREmvKJwvmCQ8LtLlI3tN7yoE7YI38q0tm_5zT9Pts7wl3cJmx.lLq8m1cD5OpPN0AJWfX15MQ.ClOqc4DgInsaZlXstiglCkBv_uyZipkykxQhPlNgQWC5IOZttQRUhKx5ppRRTqRa6_IEjz4URQ.K3D5DJZPWEuSMtE_7MPmMqTs94y0zIJXD92BHypUc53EcNfZPqs4WFL6PJIW_JXOmKfbxM9jX80VOOXNaf4_rP6wyCjzBQDVJuTXVdBL1R0y8cB2Kz5vuKMxiuoMGnEb5_2HtneMas0VfAiVkfJWGM1y4lkCoQccMivc5QBJppwXvjASdQeWnulHR5Y2Wu2TCY4emp5MA6Ho9GUH2fZ9nPgdrk3H6tJnirbqY0EyoDFPFOcsqhOQEkr0Jb2e1DJfSQ_Tzrpof.cVtjTpmZRzPxQ..GQbFJj4lUy9UDkN3vIxWQbjFuaYirGvAjVhweZaKbNz8NoSqvvVh8YVsH4ZZoWIhLQUJ3jlDmTWla6bnkdSGnxDhnMry4dnRQ6aXx9FIuUoctlLUg1RxoGoWxaUsUKJWjSroC62rYz2ttozeYXk1HghDJPAE6tNAYH3VXQKahDTuZL73lx5f7f2WZ_LPu8hM1DVMwwuvsrhJLp8qifvc3Ps8n4FeRdN1q0kgbsMNPtXjI7TSn_fWlSWmHUY.bCoeibGYJwM5HFwqudyMGDaU4aJ5B3HE93W8k05BiltrVeNw_NYlEBPutxbmvP9xhoFE6Zz460.0cD9imKo1Dqg0yhuPao5Cyu4bKaaB3S569sqJcITfv5Pm0l3PnnfMq1BSpVru4G0lA",mdrd: "f6J_GQQCCtecj46q9bvVwBq0QdCO86yFweldQ1BiEGw-1739789392-1.2.1.1-OvbUON.3CceQhnl_vzp_tsZtXCJ3vN2.tRxyvN6a8SY67U6zscDC8r1fxg4d0vbePLPrMatBjE4R7F8dOA4ibepqJGajTx13NwhiamI6j99hTkLKZqKEXI_u_38zzx_a2y1YxvmHmKeX4UV84LOqWvc6sVnQF9NSkinGCK1n2MdV2gBO7ZX5zDpa_Gbpz_eq5bz_HieIjo0k0eM9oBWw104egI9JeZK4rMk4jT7j38LLpqPqn4.wfPsC9eozX4hM8r.ysLSO1.IILy6feJqxvWY4IldVaBGLzS4wZNZ15Y7tQ4NLreMvkx2.C_9YHU4qadRq1sSLKbO5uPBrXxoMfBNPdMDmikFwfEFm_mI7mpQKAFbvv52uLVROSukl83Vh6pESJ2xjmyCVyXG5wPCwe1f3GL1B1EROFTgce_7Ba5.eBy4F6zGrXpTCAFIH0PzzUrDipMGWbLy13poTHQd_E2lUjUhWDouk7QjiKVcC1_mG29s5jJpXv8uiHzYCZSf0g1UOijLdX.SbND6JFEYXXI7v.1KK0zVyt0JinaqdRKSyDjUamrdd5.fIPBWN9UtCKaJtotyADQRx0y3Igmcbcnkab.ovYLAxd2ekim9H5gp7D4hSG8CBanP7SF4HFbQ9nqUTWTHaBVeejUAkG2P_WuvbndeQiBWqgeYyJX_gds2KUa0mOUI8YKQM_YXdG_hPL50f_hPg63LW8Nk0cyG065RjNX1ClZ_0W8ddjf1aSckNmHnvET8tpMmulyrNIkvH7jA97o_x89t22gVNJTLUivCPzgTkqf9WmyNQe7wP5DqFsm4DgKUaUxxna5ZNDbU7ZMWA97mKGRrVNK8qzAkN.VjQ09CG6e7.v0uHh1jRKHJ3XAqXmNLegDhRVf2BuhdwKjSVrJc.zHAgDjYZ.1PYFvI9uAyEsNfoERqKLHoP_s1jifZBhdPjBUWCNnvHuIZFls_gTgn5WqfPSmAQchs0pMzPDxjZVWl.RPWCyW5F_T2JfNhs3ZLH_KjA1cmxkk5JyI2IrSgxCyjdHQESQGT_ICFr_vtM4Clpf1Ft_yZoq0Ub2Rondun56FruyhJkIR3Tb6X9PpDeuEm24t9eEDUlD5v8qotocC1fXl1.ijVMIPHQVoEp1SCXTpXCblr7ie32KEd9diWcTuafAmcis8v_xkGxWFq6Am6orv4E.nQ7X7R_xfFfeB0vX6FFfNGOqw54Cvx7ggraz04V_BgWKWJtyn5_CMwc00Pve0ZEWwUtJKrj1h0EZSR30leeTYMYwxKkUnX1rmuM0q4_eysqizOqASkjo3JFMJ1uOE1ASjFCtEKfcxH_UdiFAUyDmkJR_5Kejk1u0iPuTyqNTZ0gpXPZPD7q3j9wxX80lLnfoTb8TY3v_rtkFXr_b7uCSaZJGL50_adDu98lCAOMmCNGfTaNyn2n9t1M3GY312rbfviUe1TwL5tsAxqisaq2aIgIy7UB30y7j8gZXzW0G8IleSBZW_RptIJkaq5B469NFidpGfyhWfesGt1NW9E8qZY7yn9.s4v5WBzp.ZrgJeKs45Z8XHmKO_kBcbA2Jo4LGdeQ54n7ZnDMHslOaurUjG5P3tJFAUYyFj1h6bBf.R65lhk.1sLJrS47Au4pVfJfYROSiuMV_Pl3VKHC_jU9KcSE67HqU5FhNd0Bk9io8QOie4SsE0S5KUBff_9O172uUSuSLDBdnWToW3TwPIAIzTqLst7Z8Fk2q1mnIVVuEL4CYTQCbNpEzXoHnhPAgQG801mw7dy1GYx29Feaua31MpdfTAtS1EhQTTR5Y64R3PxZeGcne2Qmnvuo_e2KM1AqCo.JqsYFXmkjaJBDbtXKEWRFigUkN2HMj_ZD6m9xY50XlRIbrgaLF.FxNB61QN2RfklWaxWrWDHc0Wfuss4iE4M8HWNBc8Klia51utZKiqeCS.6VM19bG5v5IUhRoWrlRi_v9Ug"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913536956e8587a8';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/1223\/9462?__cf_chl_rt_tk=sd7qsoi24lFZlFW_4UGKarZ2eoAApEDheNKZQpTWpFw-1739789392-1.0.1.1-mDemmXITOS9oBA1ZkRuu7LtQlV3XOTJ93J2ok.YUI5o" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>