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href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="مارک کلین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مارک کلین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Klein" title="Mark Klein – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mark Klein" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Klein" title="Mark Klein – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mark Klein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="مارک کلین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مارک کلین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Klein" title="Mark Klein – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mark Klein" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Klein" title="Mark Klein – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mark Klein" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American whistleblower (1945–2025)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the whistleblower. For the singer, see <a href="/wiki/Mark_Klein_(singer)" title="Mark Klein (singer)">Mark Klein (singer)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Mark Klein</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Klein_AT%26T_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Headshot of Klein in a suit outdoors" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Mark_Klein_AT%26T_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/220px-Mark_Klein_AT%26T_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Mark_Klein_AT%26T_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/330px-Mark_Klein_AT%26T_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Mark_Klein_AT%26T_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/440px-Mark_Klein_AT%26T_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="1461" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Klein in 2006</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1945-05-02</span>)</span>May 2, 1945<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 8, 2025<span style="display:none">(2025-03-08)</span> (aged 79)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Revelations regarding AT&T and the NSA domestic surveillance program <a href="/wiki/Room_641A" title="Room 641A">Room 641A</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/EFF_Pioneer_Award" title="EFF Pioneer Award">EFF Pioneer Award</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/AT%26T" 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_U.S._National_Security_Agency.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Seal_of_the_U.S._National_Security_Agency.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_U.S._National_Security_Agency.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Seal_of_the_U.S._National_Security_Agency.svg/250px-Seal_of_the_U.S._National_Security_Agency.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="718" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> surveillance</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boundless_Informant_data_collection_-_DNI.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Boundless_Informant_data_collection_-_DNI.svg/250px-Boundless_Informant_data_collection_-_DNI.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Boundless_Informant_data_collection_-_DNI.svg/500px-Boundless_Informant_data_collection_-_DNI.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="358" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Boundless_Informant" title="Boundless Informant">Map of global NSA data collection</a> as of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark_Klein&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, with countries subject to the most data collection shown in red</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Programs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <dl><dt>Pre-1978</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECHELON" title="ECHELON">ECHELON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_MINARET" title="Project MINARET">MINARET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_SHAMROCK" title="Project SHAMROCK">SHAMROCK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROMIS_(intelligence_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="PROMIS (intelligence software)">PROMIS</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Since 1978</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upstream_collection" title="Upstream collection">Upstream collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blarney_(code_name)" title="Blarney (code name)">BLARNEY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairview_(surveillance_program)" title="Fairview (surveillance program)">FAIRVIEW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Core" title="Main Core">Main Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThinThread" title="ThinThread">ThinThread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Genoa" title="Project Genoa">Genoa</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Since 1990</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAMPART-A" title="RAMPART-A">RAMPART-A</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Since 1998</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tailored_Access_Operations" title="Tailored Access Operations">Tailored Access Operations</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Since 2001</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OAKSTAR" title="OAKSTAR">OAKSTAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STORMBREW" title="STORMBREW">STORMBREW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailblazer_Project" title="Trailblazer Project">Trailblazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbulence_(NSA)" title="Turbulence (NSA)">Turbulence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Genoa_II" title="Project Genoa II">Genoa II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Information_Awareness" title="Total Information Awareness">Total Information Awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Surveillance_Program" title="President's Surveillance Program">President's Surveillance Program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_Surveillance_Program" title="Terrorist Surveillance Program">Terrorist Surveillance Program</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Since 2007</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PRISM" title="PRISM">PRISM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropmire" title="Dropmire">Dropmire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateroom_(surveillance_program)" title="Stateroom (surveillance program)">Stateroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullrun_(decryption_program)" title="Bullrun (decryption program)">Bullrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MYSTIC_(surveillance_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="MYSTIC (surveillance program)">MYSTIC</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Databases, tools etc.</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PINWALE" class="mw-redirect" title="PINWALE">PINWALE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MARINA" title="MARINA">MARINA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Core" title="Main Core">Main Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAINWAY" title="MAINWAY">MAINWAY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRAFFICTHIEF" title="TRAFFICTHIEF">TRAFFICTHIEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dishfire" title="Dishfire">DISHFIRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XKeyscore" title="XKeyscore">XKeyscore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICREACH" title="ICREACH">ICREACH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boundless_Informant" title="Boundless Informant">BOUNDLESSINFORMANT</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>GCHQ collaboration</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MUSCULAR_(surveillance_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="MUSCULAR (surveillance program)">MUSCULAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempora" title="Tempora">Tempora</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Legislation</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omnibus_Crime_Control_and_Safe_Streets_Act_of_1968#Wiretaps" title="Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968">Safe Streets Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_Act_of_1974" title="Privacy Act of 1974">Privacy Act of 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act" title="Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act">FISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Communications_Privacy_Act" title="Electronic Communications Privacy Act">ECPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Security Act">Homeland Security Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protect_America_Act_of_2007" title="Protect America Act of 2007">Protect America Act of 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act_of_1978_Amendments_Act_of_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008">FISA Amendments Act of 2008</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Institutions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court">FISC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Intelligence_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Intelligence Committee">Senate Intelligence Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Lawsuits</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union_v._National_Security_Agency" title="American Civil Liberties Union v. National Security Agency">ACLU v. NSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepting_v._AT%26T" title="Hepting v. AT&T">Hepting v. AT&T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewel_v._NSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewel v. NSA">Jewel v. NSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapper_v._Amnesty_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Clapper v. Amnesty International">Clapper v. Amnesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klayman_v._Obama" title="Klayman v. Obama">Klayman v. Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACLU_v._Clapper" class="mw-redirect" title="ACLU v. Clapper">ACLU v. Clapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_v._NSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikimedia v. NSA">Wikimedia v. NSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Moalin" title="United States v. Moalin">US v. Moalin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Whistleblowers</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Binney_(U.S._intelligence_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Binney (U.S. intelligence official)">William Binney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Andrews_Drake" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Andrews Drake">Thomas Drake</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mark Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tamm" title="Thomas Tamm">Thomas Tamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Tice" title="Russ Tice">Russ Tice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Publication</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NSA_warrantless_surveillance_(2001%E2%80%9307)" class="mw-redirect" title="NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–07)">2005 warrantless surveillance scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_surveillance_disclosures_(2013%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)">Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cablegate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cablegate">Cablegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Department_of_Justice_investigations_of_reporters" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 Department of Justice investigations of reporters">Surveillance of reporters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_Isolation_Control_and_Tracking" title="Mail Isolation Control and Tracking">Mail tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spying_on_United_Nations_leaders_by_United_States_diplomats" class="mw-redirect" title="Spying on United Nations leaders by United States diplomats">UN diplomatic spying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insider_Threat_Program" title="Insider Threat Program">Insider Threat Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_the_United_States" title="Mass surveillance in the United States">Mass surveillance in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mass surveillance in the United Kingdom">Mass surveillance in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">SIGINT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Collaboration</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <dl><dt>United States</dt></dl> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-CentralSecurityService-Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Central Security Service"><img alt="Central Security Service" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/US-CentralSecurityService-Seal.svg/20px-US-CentralSecurityService-Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/US-CentralSecurityService-Seal.svg/40px-US-CentralSecurityService-Seal.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="728" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Central_Security_Service" title="Central Security Service">CSS</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Cyber_Command.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Cyber Command"><img alt="United States Cyber Command" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Seal_of_the_United_States_Cyber_Command.svg/20px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Cyber_Command.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Seal_of_the_United_States_Cyber_Command.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Cyber_Command.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="603" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Cyber_Command" title="United States Cyber Command">CYBERCOM</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Department of Justice"><img alt="Department of Justice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg/20px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">DOJ</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation"><img alt="Federal Bureau of Investigation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Seal_of_the_Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation.svg/20px-Seal_of_the_Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Seal_of_the_Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Central Intelligence Agency"><img alt="Central Intelligence Agency" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg/20px-Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="510" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Department of Homeland Security"><img alt="Department of Homeland Security" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/20px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="247" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Homeland Security">DHS</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IAO-logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Information Awareness Office"><img alt="Information Awareness Office" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/IAO-logo.png/20px-IAO-logo.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/IAO-logo.png/30px-IAO-logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/IAO-logo.png/40px-IAO-logo.png 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="669" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Information_Awareness_Office" title="Information Awareness Office">IAO</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Five_Eyes" title="Five Eyes">Five Eyes</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" 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.navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NSA_surveillance" title="Template:NSA surveillance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NSA_surveillance" title="Template talk:NSA surveillance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NSA_surveillance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NSA surveillance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mark Lee Klein</b> (May 2, 1945 – March 8, 2025) was an American <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> technician and <a href="/wiki/Whistleblower" class="mw-redirect" title="Whistleblower">whistleblower</a> who revealed details of the company's cooperation with the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> in installing network hardware at a site known as <a href="/wiki/Room_641A" title="Room 641A">Room 641A</a> to monitor, <a href="/wiki/Data_Capture" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Capture">capture</a> and process American <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a>. The subsequent media coverage became a major story in May 2006. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Klein&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Klein was born the younger of two children in Brooklyn on May 2, 1945. His mother was a school teacher and his father was a pharmaceutical executive. Klein graduated from <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> with a bachelor's degree in history in 1966. He later attended technical school and worked in computer manufacturing before working at AT&T.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Klein&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For over 22 years Mark Klein worked for AT&T. Starting with the company as a Communications Technician in New York, where he remained from November 1981 until March 1991, he later continued in that capacity in California until 1998. From January 1998 to October 2003, Klein worked as a Computer Network Associate in San Francisco. Starting in October 2003, he returned to the role of Communications Technician, after which he retired in May 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Whistleblowing">Whistleblowing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Klein&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Whistleblowing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 2006, Klein revealed details about AT&T secretive cooperation with the National Security Agency's mass surveillance program. He found that the NSA was using a <a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_splitter" title="Fiber-optic splitter">splitter</a> to intercept and monitor all internet and other data traffic, which was then directed to a secure room at AT&T’s facility, called <a href="/wiki/Room_641A" title="Room 641A">Room 641A</a>. He came across blueprints and documents outlining the technology, the program’s existence, and AT&T's involvement with the NSA. He also found evidence that the program was active in other cities across the United States. This surveillance initiative followed the Patriot Act, which granted American defense and intelligence agencies broader powers after the <a href="/wiki/9/11_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11 attacks">9/11 attacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a> (EFF) filed a lawsuit shortly afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, Klein wrote a book titled <i>Wiring Up The Big Brother Machine...And Fighting It</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-ISBN_978-1-4392-2996-5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISBN_978-1-4392-2996-5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which he wrote about his experience discovering the relationship and his efforts to tell the public.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Klein&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Klein was predeceased by his wife Linda Thurston.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Klein died from <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">pancreatic cancer</a> in Oakland on March 8, 2025, at the age of 79.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Klein&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In recognition of his actions, the EFF picked Klein as one of the winners of its 2008 <a href="/wiki/EFF_Pioneer_Award" title="EFF Pioneer Award">Pioneer Awards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Klein&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hepting_v._AT%26T" title="Hepting v. AT&T">Hepting v. AT&T</a></i> – The lawsuit filed by the EFF against <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> for Mark Kleins' revelations</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewel_v._NSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewel v. NSA">Jewel v. NSA</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Binney_(U.S._intelligence_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Binney (U.S. intelligence official)">William Binney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diane_Roark" title="Diane Roark">Diane Roark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Andrews_Drake" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Andrews Drake">Thomas Andrews Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Fellwock" title="Perry Fellwock">Perry Fellwock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tamm" title="Thomas Tamm">Thomas Tamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Tice" title="Russ Tice">Russ Tice</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Klein&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmith2025" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Harrison (March 13, 2025). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2025/03/13/mark-klein-dead/">"Mark Klein, AT&T technician who helped expose NSA spying, dies at 79"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Mark+Klein%2C+AT%26T+technician+who+helped+expose+NSA+spying%2C+dies+at+79&rft.date=2025-03-13&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Harrison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fobituaries%2F2025%2F03%2F13%2Fmark-klein-dead%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Klein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/files/filenode/att/SER_klein_decl.pdf">"Declaration of Mark Klein, unredacted (June 8, 2006)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Declaration+of+Mark+Klein%2C+unredacted+%28June+8%2C+2006%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eff.org%2Ffiles%2Ffilenode%2Fatt%2FSER_klein_decl.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Klein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/whistleblower-mark-klein-who-brought-nsas-mass-surveillance-of-americans-to-light-dies-at-79">"Whistleblower Mark Klein, who brought NSA's mass surveillance of Americans to light, dies at 79"</a>. <i>PBS News</i>. March 14, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS+News&rft.atitle=Whistleblower+Mark+Klein%2C+who+brought+NSA%27s+mass+surveillance+of+Americans+to+light%2C+dies+at+79&rft.date=2025-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fnation%2Fwhistleblower-mark-klein-who-brought-nsas-mass-surveillance-of-americans-to-light-dies-at-79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Klein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarkoff2006" class="citation web cs1">Markoff, John (April 29, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/29/us/us-steps-into-wiretap-suit-against-att.html">"U.S. Steps Into Wiretap Suit Against AT&T (Published 2006)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Steps+Into+Wiretap+Suit+Against+AT%26T+%28Published+2006%29&rft.date=2006-04-29&rft.aulast=Markoff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F04%2F29%2Fus%2Fus-steps-into-wiretap-suit-against-att.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Klein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISBN_978-1-4392-2996-5-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISBN_978-1-4392-2996-5_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlein2009" class="citation book cs1">Klein, Mark (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wiringupbigbroth0000klei"><i>Wiring up the big brother machine-- and fighting it</i></a>. Charleston, S.C. : BookSurge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4392-2996-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4392-2996-5"><bdi>978-1-4392-2996-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wiring+up+the+big+brother+machine--+and+fighting+it&rft.pub=Charleston%2C+S.C.+%3A+BookSurge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4392-2996-5&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwiringupbigbroth0000klei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Klein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones2010" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Tim (March 17, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2010/03/wiring-big-brother-machine">"Wiring Up The Big Brother Machine... And Fighting It"</a>. <i>Electronic Frontier Foundation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Frontier+Foundation&rft.atitle=Wiring+Up+The+Big+Brother+Machine...+And+Fighting+It&rft.date=2010-03-17&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eff.org%2Fdeeplinks%2F2010%2F03%2Fwiring-big-brother-machine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Klein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartin2009" class="citation journal cs1">Martin, Aaron K. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/3274/3237">"Review of Klein, Mark. 2009. Wiring up the Big Brother Machine… and Fighting It. Charleston, South Carolina: BookSurge"</a>. <i>Surveillance & Society</i>. <b>6</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">416–</span>417. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24908%2Fss.v6i4.3274">10.24908/ss.v6i4.3274</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Surveillance+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Review+of+Klein%2C+Mark.+2009.+Wiring+up+the+Big+Brother+Machine%E2%80%A6+and+Fighting+It.+Charleston%2C+South+Carolina%3A+BookSurge&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E416-%3C%2Fspan%3E417&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.24908%2Fss.v6i4.3274&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Aaron+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fojs.library.queensu.ca%2Findex.php%2Fsurveillance-and-society%2Farticle%2Fview%2F3274%2F3237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Klein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCindy_CohnCorynne_McSherry2025" class="citation web cs1">Cindy Cohn; Corynne McSherry (March 12, 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2025/03/memoriam-mark-klein-att-whistleblower-about-nsa-mass-spying">"In Memoriam: Mark Klein, AT&T Whistleblower Who Revealed NSA Mass Spying"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Memoriam%3A+Mark+Klein%2C+AT%26T+Whistleblower+Who+Revealed+NSA+Mass+Spying&rft.pub=Electronic+Frontier+Foundation&rft.date=2025-03-12&rft.au=Cindy+Cohn&rft.au=Corynne+McSherry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eff.org%2Fdeeplinks%2F2025%2F03%2Fmemoriam-mark-klein-att-whistleblower-about-nsa-mass-spying&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Klein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNovak2025" class="citation news cs1">Novak, Matt (March 13, 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/mark-klein-att-whistleblower-who-exposed-nsas-mass-surveillance-dies-2000575334">"Mark Klein, AT&T Whistleblower Who Exposed NSA's Mass Surveillance, Dies at 79"</a>. <i>Gizmodo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=Mark+Klein%2C+AT%26T+Whistleblower+Who+Exposed+NSA%27s+Mass+Surveillance%2C+Dies+at+79&rft.date=2025-03-13&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2Fmark-klein-att-whistleblower-who-exposed-nsas-mass-surveillance-dies-2000575334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Klein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJesdanun2008" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">Jesdanun, Anick (February 27, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406121540/http://www.newsvine.com/_news/2008/02/27/1329579-att-whistle-blower-among-award-winners">"AT&T Whistle-Blower Among Award Winners"</a>. Archived from the original on April 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=AT%26T+Whistle-Blower+Among+Award+Winners&rft.date=2008-02-27&rft.aulast=Jesdanun&rft.aufirst=Anick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsvine.com%2F_news%2F2008%2F02%2F27%2F1329579-att-whistle-blower-among-award-winners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Klein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Klein&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/files/filenode/att/SER_klein_decl.pdf">Klein's Declaration (unredacted)</a>, from the case <i><a href="/wiki/Hepting_v._AT%26T" title="Hepting v. AT&T">Hepting v. AT&T</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=2930944">ABC <i>Nightline</i> Interview with Klein</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060603014844/http://blog.wired.com/27BStroke6/att_klein_wired.pdf">Klein's memo about the NSA program</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived June 3, 2006)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2006/05/70944"><i>Wired</i> coverage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/now/shows/307/mark-klein.html">PBS <i>NOW</i> | Whistleblower Mark Klein</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/now/shows/307/index.html">PBS <i>NOW</i> | For Your Eyes Only?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/homefront/view/">Spying On The Home Front, <i>Frontline</i>, PBS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/07/AR2007110700006_pf.html">A Story of Surveillance, <i>Washington Post</i>, November 7, 2007</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2008/12/first-interview-nsa-whistleblower">First Interview with the NSA Whistleblower</a> at EFF</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/markklein2009/Home"><i>Wiring Up the Big Brother Machine ...And Fighting It</i> by Mark Klein</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2008/06/att-whistleblow/"><i>Wired</i> (2008) interview with Klein</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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