CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="pl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Mangan – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )plwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","styczeń","luty","marzec","kwiecień","maj","czerwiec","lipiec","sierpień","wrzesień","październik","listopad","grudzień"],"wgRequestId":"43498f24-f80c-49b2-b62a-9157e14f964b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Mangan","wgTitle":"Mangan","wgCurRevisionId":74634826,"wgRevisionId":74634826,"wgArticleId":3624,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Szablon cytowania zamienił nazwę czasopisma","Artykuły z nieprawidłowymi numerami ISBN","Szablon cytowania książki – brak numeru strony","Właściwość P373 taka sama jak wpisana lokalnie (Pierwiastek infobox)","Alotropia","Mangan","Pierwiastki chemiczne"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Mangan","wgRelevantArticleId":3624,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":74634826,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q731","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.wikiflex":"ready","ext.gadget.infobox":"ready","ext.gadget.hlist":"ready","ext.gadget.darkmode-overrides":"ready","ext.gadget.small-references":"ready","ext.gadget.citation-access-info":"ready","ext.gadget.sprawdz-problemy-szablony":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready", "wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.ll-script-loader","ext.gadget.veKeepParameters","ext.gadget.szablon-galeria","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.citoid-overrides","ext.gadget.maps","ext.gadget.padlock-indicators","ext.gadget.interwiki-langlist","ext.gadget.edit-summaries","ext.gadget.edit-first-section","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.map-toggler","ext.gadget.narrowFootnoteColumns","ext.gadget.WDsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface" ,"ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.gadget.citation-access-info%2Cdarkmode-overrides%2Chlist%2Cinfobox%2Csmall-references%2Csprawdz-problemy-szablony%2Cwikiflex&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Mangan_1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1144"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Mangan_1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="763"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="610"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Mangan – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edytuj" href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (pl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Kanał Atom Wikipedii" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Mangan rootpage-Mangan skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Przejdź do zawartości</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu główne" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu główne</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu główne</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nawigacja </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" title="Przejdź na stronę główną [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Strona główna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Losowa_strona" title="Załaduj losową stronę [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Losuj artykuł</span></a></li><li id="n-Kategorie" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kategorie_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne"><span>Kategorie artykułów</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured-articles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wyr%C3%B3%C5%BCniona_zawarto%C5%9B%C4%87_Wikipedii"><span>Najlepsze artykuły</span></a></li><li id="n-FAQ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:FAQ"><span>Częste pytania (FAQ)</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-zmiany" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-zmiany" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla czytelników </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-czytelnicy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii"><span>O Wikipedii</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_z_wikipedystami"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-edytorzy" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-edytorzy" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla wikipedystów </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-pierwsze-kroki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki"><span>Pierwsze kroki</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal_wikipedyst%C3%B3w" title="O projekcie – co możesz zrobić, gdzie możesz znaleźć informacje"><span>Portal wikipedystów</span></a></li><li id="n-Noticeboard" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tablica_og%C5%82osze%C5%84"><span>Ogłoszenia</span></a></li><li id="n-Guidelines" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Zasady"><span>Zasady</span></a></li><li id="n-helppage-name" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Spis_tre%C5%9Bci"><span>Pomoc</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany" title="Lista ostatnich zmian w Wikipedii. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Mangan" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Mangan" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Zaloguj się</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Więcej opcji" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia osobiste</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu użytkownika" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl"><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Mangan" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Utwórz konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Mangan" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Odmiany_alotropowe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odmiany_alotropowe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Odmiany alotropowe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odmiany_alotropowe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkrycie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkrycie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Odkrycie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odkrycie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Występowanie_w_skorupie_ziemskiej" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Występowanie_w_skorupie_ziemskiej"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Występowanie w skorupie ziemskiej</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Występowanie_w_skorupie_ziemskiej-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sztuczne_radioizotopy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sztuczne_radioizotopy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sztuczne radioizotopy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sztuczne_radioizotopy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Właściwości_chemiczne_i_fizyczne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Właściwości_chemiczne_i_fizyczne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Właściwości chemiczne i fizyczne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Właściwości_chemiczne_i_fizyczne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Otrzymywanie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Otrzymywanie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Otrzymywanie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Otrzymywanie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Znaczenie_biologiczne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Znaczenie_biologiczne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Znaczenie biologiczne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Znaczenie_biologiczne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uwagi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uwagi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Uwagi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uwagi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mangan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 154 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-154" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">154 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaan" title="Mangaan – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mangaan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8B%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%9D" title="ማንጋኒዝ – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማንጋኒዝ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C" title="मैंगनीज – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मैंगनीज" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobry artykuł"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="منغنيز – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منغنيز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A9s" title="Manganés – aragoński" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Manganés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganu" title="Manganu – arumuński" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Manganu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganesu" title="Manganesu – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Manganesu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="म्याङ्यानिज – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="म्याङ्यानिज" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manqan" title="Manqan – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Manqan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%B2" title="منگنز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="منگنز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan_(datu)" title="Mangan (datu) – balijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mangan (datu)" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C" title="ম্যাঙ্গানিজ – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যাঙ্গানিজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C" title="मैंगनीज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मैंगनीज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangganeso" title="Mangganeso – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mangganeso" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%95%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="མེང་ལྕགས། – tybetański" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མེང་ལྕགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tybetański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganez" title="Manganez – bretoński" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Manganez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8s" title="Manganès – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Manganès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – czuwaski" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="czuwaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeso" title="Manganeso – cebuański" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Manganeso" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – korsykański" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsykański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%AEs" title="Manganîs – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Manganîs" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DD%A3%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="منݣنيز – marokański arabski" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="منݣنيز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokański arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="medal"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8E%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%A9%DE%92%DE%B0" title="މެންގަނީޒް – malediwski" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މެންގަނީޒް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="malediwski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaan" title="Mangaan – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mangaan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μαγγάνιο – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαγγάνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeso" title="Manganeso – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Manganeso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangano" title="Mangano – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mangano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeso" title="Manganeso – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Manganeso" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%B2" title="منگنز – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منگنز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – hindi fidżyjskie" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidżyjskie" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – farerski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="farerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Manganèse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" title="Manganês – friulski" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Manganês" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangain%C3%A9is" title="Mangainéis – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mangainéis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganaish" title="Manganaish – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Manganaish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaineis" title="Mangaineis – szkocki gaelicki" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mangaineis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="szkocki gaelicki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeso" title="Manganeso – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Manganeso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ӏаьржадаьредаш (химе элемент) – inguski" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ӏаьржадаьредаш (химе элемент)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9D" title="મેંગેનિઝ – gudżarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મેંગેનિઝ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudżarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%9D%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%88" title="망가니즈 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="망가니즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Մանգան – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մանգան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="मैंगनीज़ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैंगनीज़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangano" title="Mangano – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mangano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Марган – osetyjski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Марган" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UManyazini" title="UManyazini – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UManyazini" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9F" title="מנגן – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – jawajski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%8Bgan%C9%9Bz%C9%A9" title="Maŋganɛzɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Maŋganɛzɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮ್ಯಾಂಗನೀಸ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮ್ಯಾಂಗನೀಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მანგანუმი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მანგანუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganes" title="Manganes – kornijski" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Manganes" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganisi" title="Manganisi – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Manganisi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manirtel" title="Manirtel – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Manirtel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8z" title="Manganèz – kreolski haitański" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Manganèz" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="kreolski haitański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – kurdyjski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – zachodniomaryjski" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="zachodniomaryjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeis" title="Manganeis – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Manganeis" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA" title="ມັງການີສ – laotański" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມັງການີສ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganum" title="Manganum – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Manganum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mang%C4%81ns" title="Mangāns – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mangāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganas" title="Manganas – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Manganas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeise" title="Manganeise – liguryjski" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Manganeise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguryjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaan" title="Mangaan – limburski" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mangaan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganum" title="Manganum – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Manganum" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrmanga" title="jinmrmanga – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrmanga" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – lombardzki" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mang%C3%A1n" title="Mangán – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mangán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganezy" title="Manganezy – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Manganezy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മാംഗനീസ് – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാംഗനീസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C" title="मँगनीज – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मँगनीज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="منجنيز – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="منجنيز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2ing_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)" title="Mâing (gĭng-sṳ̆k) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mâing (gĭng-sṳ̆k)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Мангани – moksza" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Мангани" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="မက်ဂနိစ် – birmański" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက်ဂနိစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaan" title="Mangaan – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mangaan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="म्याङ्यानिज – newarski" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="म्याङ्यानिज" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3" title="マンガン – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マンガン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaan" title="Mangaan – północnofryzyjski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mangaan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="północnofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8s" title="Manganès – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Manganès" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C" title="ମାଙ୍ଗାନିଜ – orija" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମାଙ୍ଗାନିଜ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="orija" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marganets" title="Marganets – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Marganets" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਮੈਂਗਨੀਜ਼ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਂਗਨੀਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="म्याङ्यानिज – palijski" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="म्याङ्यानिज" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="palijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="مینگانیز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مینگانیز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B2%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BA" title="မဲန်ဂနီ့သ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="မဲန်ဂနီ့သ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="منگنيز – paszto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="منگنيز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paszto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8is" title="Manganèis – piemoncki" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Manganèis" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemoncki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – dolnoniemiecki" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoniemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" title="Manganês – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Manganês" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manqanisu" title="Manqanisu – keczua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Manqanisu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keczua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D" title="मैङ्गनीज् – sanskryt" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मैङ्गनीज्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskryt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganesu" title="Manganesu – sardyński" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Manganesu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardyński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – fryzyjski saterlandzki" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="fryzyjski saterlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangani" title="Mangani – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mangani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganesi" title="Manganesi – sycylijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Manganesi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sycylijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobry artykuł"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="මැංගනීස් – syngaleski" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මැංගනීස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="syngaleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mang%C3%A1n" title="Mangán – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mangán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganiis" title="Manganiis – somalijski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Manganiis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="مەنگەنیز – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەنگەنیز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobry artykuł"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – sundajski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaani" title="Mangaani – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mangaani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangganiso" title="Mangganiso – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mangganiso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="மாங்கனீசு – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாங்கனீசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="మేంగనీస్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మేంగనీస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA" title="แมงกานีส – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แมงกานีส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganez" title="Manganez – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Manganez" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="مینگنیز – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مینگنیز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مانگان – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مانگان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marganc" title="Marganc – wepski" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Marganc" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="wepski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8C%B3" title="錳 – chiński klasyczny" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="錳" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chiński klasyczny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangganeso" title="Mangganeso – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mangganeso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9F" title="מאנגאן – jidysz" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאנגאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidysz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganisi" title="Manganisi – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Manganisi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8C%B3" title="錳 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="錳" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="锰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q731#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Mangan" rel="discussion" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mangan"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mangan"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Mangan" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Mangan" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&oldid=74634826" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Mangan&id=74634826&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMangan"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMangan"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Mangan"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mangan&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Manganese" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q731" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><div class="noprint noexcerpt disambig navigation-not-searchable" style="line-height:1.5em; padding: 3px 6px; background-color: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 1em; display: flex; gap: 4px; align-items: center;"><span class="notpageimage skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Przekierowanie" title="Przekierowanie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Redirect_arrow_without_text.svg/30px-Redirect_arrow_without_text.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Redirect_arrow_without_text.svg/45px-Redirect_arrow_without_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Redirect_arrow_without_text.svg/60px-Redirect_arrow_without_text.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="47" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span>Na tę stronę wskazuje <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Przekierowanie" title="Pomoc:Przekierowanie">przekierowanie</a> z „Mn”. Zobacz też: <a href="/wiki/Mniejszo%C5%9B%C4%87_Niemiecka_(komitet_wyborczy)" title="Mniejszość Niemiecka (komitet wyborczy)">komitet wyborczy Mniejszość Niemiecka</a> (MN).</span></div> <table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek" style="background-color:#EDC9AF; color:#000000;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Mangan</div> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom">chrom</a> <b>← mangan →</b> <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBelazo" title="Żelazo">żelazo</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><div id="kapral" class="nopadding" style="position:relative"> <div id="bok" style="text-align:center; float:left">–<br /><b>↑</b><br /><b>Mn</b><br /><b>↓</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Technet" title="Technet">Tc</a></div> <div id="układ" style="position:absolute; top:5px; left:30px;"> <table class="nogrid" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff; text-align:center; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:separate; border-style:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#9AB973;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Wod%C3%B3r" title="Wodór"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="1. pierwiastek: Wodór (H), niemetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="31"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ABCDEF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hel_(pierwiastek)" title="Hel (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="2. pierwiastek: Hel (He), gaz szlachetny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC7722;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lit" title="Lit"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="3. pierwiastek: Lit (Li), metal alkaliczny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E1A95F;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Beryl_(pierwiastek)" title="Beryl (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="4. pierwiastek: Beryl (Be), metal ziem alkalicznych">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="25"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#B87333;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="5. pierwiastek: Bor (B), półmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#9AB973;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/W%C4%99giel_(pierwiastek)" title="Węgiel (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="6. pierwiastek: Węgiel (C), niemetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#9AB973;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="7. pierwiastek: Azot (N), niemetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#9AB973;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tlen" title="Tlen"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="8. pierwiastek: Tlen (O), niemetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#F0E68C;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="9. pierwiastek: Fluor (F), niemetal - fluorowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ABCDEF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neon_(pierwiastek)" title="Neon (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="10. pierwiastek: Neon (Ne), gaz szlachetny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC7722;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3d" title="Sód"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="11. pierwiastek: Sód (Na), metal alkaliczny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E1A95F;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Magnez" title="Magnez"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="12. pierwiastek: Magnez (Mg), metal ziem alkalicznych">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="25"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Glin" title="Glin"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="13. pierwiastek: Glin (Al), metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#B87333;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Krzem" title="Krzem"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="14. pierwiastek: Krzem (Si), półmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#9AB973;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="15. pierwiastek: Fosfor (P), niemetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#9AB973;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Siarka" title="Siarka"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="16. pierwiastek: Siarka (S), niemetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#F0E68C;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="17. pierwiastek: Chlor (Cl), niemetal - fluorowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ABCDEF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="18. pierwiastek: Argon (Ar), gaz szlachetny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC7722;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Potas" title="Potas"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="19. pierwiastek: Potas (K), metal alkaliczny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E1A95F;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Wap%C5%84" title="Wapń"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="20. pierwiastek: Wapń (Ca), metal ziem alkalicznych">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="15"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Skand" title="Skand"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="21. pierwiastek: Skand (Sc), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tytan_(pierwiastek)" title="Tytan (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="22. pierwiastek: Tytan (Ti), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Wanad" title="Wanad"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="23. pierwiastek: Wanad (V), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="24. pierwiastek: Chrom (Cr), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF; border:1px solid black; margin:-1px"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="25. pierwiastek: Mangan (Mn), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBelazo" title="Żelazo"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="26. pierwiastek: Żelazo (Fe), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="27. pierwiastek: Kobalt (Co), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nikiel" title="Nikiel"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="28. pierwiastek: Nikiel (Ni), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Mied%C5%BA" title="Miedź"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="29. pierwiastek: Miedź (Cu), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cynk" title="Cynk"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="30. pierwiastek: Cynk (Zn), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Gal" title="Gal"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="31. pierwiastek: Gal (Ga), metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#B87333;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/German" title="German"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="32. pierwiastek: German (Ge), półmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#B87333;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="33. pierwiastek: Arsen (As), półmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#9AB973;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="34. pierwiastek: Selen (Se), niemetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#F0E68C;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="35. pierwiastek: Brom (Br), niemetal - fluorowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ABCDEF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="36. pierwiastek: Krypton (Kr), gaz szlachetny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC7722;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rubid" title="Rubid"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="37. pierwiastek: Rubid (Rb), metal alkaliczny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E1A95F;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Stront" title="Stront"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="38. pierwiastek: Stront (Sr), metal ziem alkalicznych">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="15"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Itr" title="Itr"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="39. pierwiastek: Itr (Y), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cyrkon_(pierwiastek)" title="Cyrkon (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="40. pierwiastek: Cyrkon (Zr), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="41. pierwiastek: Niob (Nb), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="42. pierwiastek: Molibden (Mo), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Technet" title="Technet"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="43. pierwiastek: Technet (Tc), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ruten" title="Ruten"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="44. pierwiastek: Ruten (Ru), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rod_(pierwiastek)" title="Rod (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="45. pierwiastek: Rod (Rh), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Pallad" title="Pallad"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="46. pierwiastek: Pallad (Pd), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="47. pierwiastek: Srebro (Ag), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kadm" title="Kadm"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="48. pierwiastek: Kadm (Cd), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ind" title="Ind"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="49. pierwiastek: Ind (In), metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cyna" title="Cyna"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="50. pierwiastek: Cyna (Sn), metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#B87333;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Antymon" title="Antymon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="51. pierwiastek: Antymon (Sb), półmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#B87333;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="52. pierwiastek: Tellur (Te), półmetal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#F0E68C;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="53. pierwiastek: Jod (I), niemetal - fluorowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ABCDEF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ksenon" title="Ksenon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="54. pierwiastek: Ksenon (Xe), gaz szlachetny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC7722;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cez" title="Cez"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="55. pierwiastek: Cez (Cs), metal alkaliczny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E1A95F;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bar_(pierwiastek)" title="Bar (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="56. pierwiastek: Bar (Ba), metal ziem alkalicznych">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="57. pierwiastek: Lantan (La), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cer" title="Cer"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="58. pierwiastek: Cer (Ce), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Prazeodym" title="Prazeodym"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="59. pierwiastek: Prazeodym (Pr), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="60. pierwiastek: Neodym (Nd), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Promet" title="Promet"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="61. pierwiastek: Promet (Pm), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Samar" title="Samar"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="62. pierwiastek: Samar (Sm), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Europ" title="Europ"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="63. pierwiastek: Europ (Eu), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Gadolin" title="Gadolin"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="64. pierwiastek: Gadolin (Gd), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Terb" title="Terb"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="65. pierwiastek: Terb (Tb), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Dysproz" title="Dysproz"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="66. pierwiastek: Dysproz (Dy), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Holm_(pierwiastek)" title="Holm (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="67. pierwiastek: Holm (Ho), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Erb" title="Erb"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="68. pierwiastek: Erb (Er), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tul_(pierwiastek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tul (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="69. pierwiastek: Tul (pierwiastek) (Tm), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Iterb" title="Iterb"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="70. pierwiastek: Iterb (Yb), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E0B0FF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lutet" title="Lutet"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="71. pierwiastek: Lutet (Lu), lantanowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hafn" title="Hafn"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="72. pierwiastek: Hafn (Hf), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tantal_(pierwiastek)" title="Tantal (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="73. pierwiastek: Tantal (Ta), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="74. pierwiastek: Wolfram (W), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ren_(pierwiastek)" title="Ren (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="75. pierwiastek: Ren (Re), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Osm" title="Osm"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="76. pierwiastek: Osm (Os), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Iryd" title="Iryd"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="77. pierwiastek: Iryd (Ir), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Platyna" title="Platyna"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="78. pierwiastek: Platyna (Pt), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%82oto" title="Złoto"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="79. pierwiastek: Złoto (Au), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rt%C4%99%C4%87" title="Rtęć"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="80. pierwiastek: Rtęć (Hg), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tal" title="Tal"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="81. pierwiastek: Tal (Tl), metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/O%C5%82%C3%B3w" title="Ołów"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="82. pierwiastek: Ołów (Pb), metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="83. pierwiastek: Bizmut (Bi), metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#BCBCBC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Polon" title="Polon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="84. pierwiastek: Polon (Po), metal">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#F0E68C;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="85. pierwiastek: Astat (At), niemetal - fluorowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ABCDEF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="86. pierwiastek: Radon (Rn), gaz szlachetny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC7722;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="87. pierwiastek: Frans (Fr), metal alkaliczny">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#E1A95F;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rad_(pierwiastek)" title="Rad (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="88. pierwiastek: Rad (Ra), metal ziem alkalicznych">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Aktyn" title="Aktyn"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="89. pierwiastek: Aktyn (Ac), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tor_(pierwiastek)" title="Tor (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="90. pierwiastek: Tor (Th), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Protaktyn" title="Protaktyn"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="91. pierwiastek: Protaktyn (Pa), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Uran_(pierwiastek)" title="Uran (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="92. pierwiastek: Uran (U), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neptun_(pierwiastek)" title="Neptun (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="93. pierwiastek: Neptun (Np), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Pluton_(pierwiastek)" title="Pluton (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="94. pierwiastek: Pluton (Pu), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ameryk" title="Ameryk"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="95. pierwiastek: Ameryk (Am), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kiur_(pierwiastek)" title="Kiur (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="96. pierwiastek: Kiur (Cm), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Berkel" title="Berkel"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="97. pierwiastek: Berkel (Bk), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kaliforn" title="Kaliforn"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="98. pierwiastek: Kaliforn (Cf), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Einstein_(pierwiastek)" title="Einstein (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="99. pierwiastek: Einstein (Es), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ferm_(pierwiastek)" title="Ferm (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="100. pierwiastek: Ferm (Fm), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Mendelew" title="Mendelew"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="101. pierwiastek: Mendelew (Md), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_(pierwiastek)" title="Nobel (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="102. pierwiastek: Nobel (No), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#CC8898;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lorens" title="Lorens"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="103. pierwiastek: Lorens (Lr), aktynowiec">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_(pierwiastek)" title="Rutherford (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="104. pierwiastek: Rutherford (Rf), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Dubn" title="Dubn"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="105. pierwiastek: Dubn (Db), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Seaborg" title="Seaborg"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="106. pierwiastek: Seaborg (Sg), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bohr_(pierwiastek)" title="Bohr (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="107. pierwiastek: Bohr (Bh), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Has" title="Has"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="108. pierwiastek: Has (Hs), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Meitner" title="Meitner"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="109. pierwiastek: Meitner (Mt)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Darmsztadt" title="Darmsztadt"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="110. pierwiastek: Darmsztadt (Ds)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Roentgen_(pierwiastek)" title="Roentgen (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="111. pierwiastek: Roentgen (Rg)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kopernik_(pierwiastek)" title="Kopernik (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="112. pierwiastek: Kopernik (Cn), metal przejściowy">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nihon" title="Nihon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="113. pierwiastek: Nihon (Nh)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Flerow" title="Flerow"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="114. pierwiastek: Flerow (Fl)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Moskow_(pierwiastek)" title="Moskow (pierwiastek)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="115. pierwiastek: Moskow (Mc)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Liwermor" title="Liwermor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="116. pierwiastek: Liwermor (Lv)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tenes" title="Tenes"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="117. pierwiastek: Tenes (Ts)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="118. pierwiastek: Oganeson (Og)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ununenn" title="Ununenn"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="119. pierwiastek: Ununenn (Uue)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Unbinil" title="Unbinil"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="120. pierwiastek: Unbinil (Ubn)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:3px;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="height:3px; width:4px;"> </td> <td colspan="29"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Unbiun" title="Unbiun"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="121. pierwiastek: Unbiun (Ubu)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Unbibi" title="Unbibi"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="122. pierwiastek: Unbibi (Ubb)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#Cornsilk;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Unbikwad" title="Unbikwad"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="124. pierwiastek: Unbikwad (Ubq)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#Cornsilk;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Unbiheks" title="Unbiheks"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="126. pierwiastek: Unbiheks (Ubh)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:5px; height:7px; z-index:2; color:black; background-color:#ECECEC;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Unbisept" title="Unbisept"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="127. pierwiastek: Unbisept (Ubs)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div id="komórka" style="font-size:10px; position:absolute; left:65px; top:-5px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_regularny" title="Układ regularny"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/35px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/53px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/70px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="127" /></a></span></div> <div id="liczba" style="font-size:10px; position:absolute; top:15px; right:90px;">25</div> <div id="symbol" style="font-size:18px; font-weight:bold; position:absolute; top:5px; left:150px;">Mn</div> <div id="radio" style="font-size:10px; font-weight:bold; position:absolute; top:-55px; left:222px;"></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#EDC9AF; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; border-top:1px solid #aaa;">Wygląd </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center; font-size:90%; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; border-top:1px solid #aaa;">srebrzystoszary o niebieskawym połysku </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center; font-size:x-small;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="ibox2"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Mangan_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mangan"><img alt="Mangan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mangan_1.jpg/240px-Mangan_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Mangan_1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="328" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center; font-size:x-small;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Manganese_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Widmo emisyjne manganu"><img alt="Widmo emisyjne manganu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Manganese_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Manganese_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Manganese_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Manganese_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Manganese_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Manganese_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Widmo_emisyjne" title="Widmo emisyjne">Widmo emisyjne</a> manganu </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#EDC9AF; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; border-top:1px solid #aaa;">Ogólne informacje </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nazwa, symbol, <a href="/wiki/Liczba_atomowa" title="Liczba atomowa">l.a.</a> </th> <td> <p>mangan, Mn, 25<br />(<a href="/wiki/%C5%81acina" title="Łacina">łac.</a> <i>manganum</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Grupa, okres, blok </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Manganowce" title="Manganowce">7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_czwartego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki czwartego okresu">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blok_d" title="Blok d">d</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Stopie%C5%84_utlenienia" title="Stopień utlenienia">Stopień utlenienia</a> </th> <td> <p><b>II</b>, III, IV, VI, VII </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Właściwości metaliczne </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Blok_d" title="Blok d">metal przejściowy</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Właściwości <a href="/wiki/Tlenki" title="Tlenki">tlenków</a> </th> <td> <p>wraz ze wzrostem stopnia utleniania:zasadowe,amfoteryczne lub kwasowe </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Masa_atomowa" title="Masa atomowa">Masa atomowa</a> </th> <td> <p>54,938 ± 0,001<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Stan_skupienia_materii" title="Stan skupienia materii">Stan skupienia</a> </th> <td> <p>stały </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/G%C4%99sto%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Gęstość">Gęstość</a> </th> <td> <p>7470 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram_na_metr_sze%C5%9Bcienny" title="Kilogram na metr sześcienny">kg/m³</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Temperatura_topnienia" title="Temperatura topnienia">Temperatura topnienia</a> </th> <td> <p>1244 °C<sup id="cite_ref-Aldrich-US_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldrich-US-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Temperatura_wrzenia" title="Temperatura wrzenia">Temperatura wrzenia</a> </th> <td> <p>1962 °C<sup id="cite_ref-Aldrich-US_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldrich-US-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Numer_CAS" title="Numer CAS">Numer CAS</a> </th> <td> <p><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/cas.php?language=pl&cas=7439-96-5">7439-96-5</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> </th> <td> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23930">23930</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="collapsible collapsed ibox-inner"> <tbody><tr style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <th colspan="2" style="background:#EDC9AF; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-top:1px solid #aaa;">Właściwości atomowe </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Promień<br />• <a href="/wiki/Promie%C5%84_atomowy" title="Promień atomowy">atomowy</a><br />• <a href="/wiki/Promie%C5%84_walencyjny" title="Promień walencyjny">walencyjny</a><br />• <a href="/wiki/Promie%C5%84_van_der_Waalsa" title="Promień van der Waalsa">van der Waalsa</a> </th> <td> <p><br />140 (obl. 161) <a href="/wiki/Pikometr" title="Pikometr">pm</a><br />139 pm<br />91 pm (Mn<sup>2+</sup>) 52 pm (Mn<sup>4+</sup>) 46 pm (Mn<sup>7+</sup>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Konfiguracja_elektronowa" title="Konfiguracja elektronowa">Konfiguracja elektronowa</a> </th> <td> <p>[<a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>]3d<sup>5</sup>4s<sup>2</sup><sup></sup><sup></sup><sup></sup><sup></sup><sup></sup><sup></sup><sup></sup><sup></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Zapełnienie <a href="/wiki/Pow%C5%82oka_elektronowa" title="Powłoka elektronowa">powłok</a> </th> <td> <p>2, 8, 13, 2<br />(<a href="/wiki/Plik:Electron_shell_025_Manganese.svg" title="Plik:Electron shell 025 Manganese.svg">wizualizacja powłok</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elektroujemno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Elektroujemność">Elektroujemność</a><br />• w <a href="/wiki/Elektroujemno%C5%9B%C4%87#Skala_Paulinga" title="Elektroujemność">skali Paulinga</a><br />• w <a href="/wiki/Elektroujemno%C5%9B%C4%87#Skala_Allreda-Rochowa" title="Elektroujemność">skali Allreda</a> </th> <td> <p><br />1,55<br />1,60 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Energia_jonizacji" title="Energia jonizacji">Potencjały jonizacyjne</a> </th> <td> <p>I 717,3 kJ/mol<br />II 1509 kJ/mol<br />III 3248 kJ/mol </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="collapsible collapsed ibox-inner"> <tbody><tr style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <th colspan="2" style="background:#EDC9AF; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-top:1px solid #aaa;">Właściwości fizyczne </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ciep%C5%82o_parowania" title="Ciepło parowania">Ciepło parowania</a> </th> <td> <p>226 <a href="/wiki/Kilod%C5%BCul_na_mol" title="Kilodżul na mol">kJ/mol</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ciep%C5%82o_topnienia" title="Ciepło topnienia">Ciepło topnienia</a> </th> <td> <p>12,05 kJ/mol </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ci%C5%9Bnienie_pary_nasyconej" title="Ciśnienie pary nasyconej">Ciśnienie pary nasyconej</a> </th> <td> <p>121 <a href="/wiki/Paskal" title="Paskal">Pa</a> (1517 K) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Konduktywno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Konduktywność">Konduktywność</a> </th> <td> <p>0,695×10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Simens" title="Simens">S</a>/m </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ciep%C5%82o_w%C5%82a%C5%9Bciwe" title="Ciepło właściwe">Ciepło właściwe</a> </th> <td> <p>480 <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BCul_na_kilogram-kelwin" title="Dżul na kilogram-kelwin">J/(kg·K)</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Przewodno%C5%9B%C4%87_cieplna" title="Przewodność cieplna">Przewodność cieplna</a> </th> <td> <p>7,82 <a href="/wiki/Wat_na_metr-kelwin" title="Wat na metr-kelwin">W/(m·K)</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_krystalograficzny" title="Układ krystalograficzny">Układ krystalograficzny</a> </th> <td> <p>regularny przestrzennie centrowany </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Twardo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Twardość">Twardość</a><br />• w <a href="/wiki/Skala_twardo%C5%9Bci_Mohsa" title="Skala twardości Mohsa">skali Mohsa</a> </th> <td> <p><br />6 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Pr%C4%99dko%C5%9B%C4%87_d%C5%BAwi%C4%99ku" title="Prędkość dźwięku">Prędkość dźwięku</a> </th> <td> <p>5150 m/s (293,15 K) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Obj%C4%99to%C5%9B%C4%87_molowa" title="Objętość molowa">Objętość molowa</a> </th> <td> <p>7,35×10<sup>−6</sup> m³/<a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">mol</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <th colspan="2" style="background:#EDC9AF; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-top:1px solid #aaa;">Najbardziej stabilne izotopy </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center; font-size:85%; padding:0;"><table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Izotopy" title="Izotopy">izotop</a></th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="występowanie">wyst.</abbr></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Czas_po%C5%82owicznego_rozpadu" title="Czas połowicznego rozpadu">o.p.r.</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Spos%C3%B3b_rozpadu" title="Sposób rozpadu">s.r.</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Energia_rozpadu" title="Energia rozpadu">e.r.</a> <a href="/wiki/Elektronowolt" title="Elektronowolt">MeV</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Produkt_rozpadu" title="Produkt rozpadu">p.r.</a></th> </tr><tr> <td><sup>52</sup>Mn </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syntetyczny_izotop_promieniotw%C3%B3rczy" title="Syntetyczny izotop promieniotwórczy">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>5,591 <a href="/wiki/Dzie%C5%84" title="Dzień">dnia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wychwyt_elektronu" title="Wychwyt elektronu">w.e.</a> </td> <td>4,712 </td> <td><sup>52</sup><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>53</sup>Mn </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syntetyczny_izotop_promieniotw%C3%B3rczy" title="Syntetyczny izotop promieniotwórczy">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>3,74×10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Rok" title="Rok">lat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wychwyt_elektronu" title="Wychwyt elektronu">w.e.</a> </td> <td>0,597 </td> <td><sup>53</sup><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>54</sup>Mn </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syntetyczny_izotop_promieniotw%C3%B3rczy" title="Syntetyczny izotop promieniotwórczy">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>312,3 <a href="/wiki/Dzie%C5%84" title="Dzień">dnia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wychwyt_elektronu" title="Wychwyt elektronu">w.e.</a> </td> <td>1,377 </td> <td><sup>54</sup><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>55</sup>Mn </td> <td><b>100%</b> </td> <td colspan="4">stabilny izotop z 30 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutronami</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>56</sup>Mn </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syntetyczny_izotop_promieniotw%C3%B3rczy" title="Syntetyczny izotop promieniotwórczy">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>2,579 <a href="/wiki/Godzina" title="Godzina">godz.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rozpad_beta_minus" title="Rozpad beta minus">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td>3,696 </td> <td><sup>56</sup><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBelazo" title="Żelazo">Fe</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="collapsible collapsed ibox-inner"> <tbody><tr style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <th colspan="2" style="background:#EDC9AF; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-top:1px solid #aaa;">Niebezpieczeństwa </th></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color:inherit; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff)"> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Karta_charakterystyki" title="Karta charakterystyki">Karta charakterystyki</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/PL/pl/sds/aldrich/463728">dane zewnętrzne</a> firmy Sigma-Aldrich [dostęp 2011-10-05] </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF; border-bottom:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid; border-top:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="color:inherit; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); border-top:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-bottom:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid"><a href="/wiki/Globalnie_zharmonizowany_system_klasyfikacji_i_oznakowania_chemikali%C3%B3w" title="Globalnie zharmonizowany system klasyfikacji i oznakowania chemikaliów">Globalnie zharmonizowany system<br />klasyfikacji i oznakowania chemikaliów</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; color:inherit; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff);"> <td colspan="2">Na podstawie podanej karty charakterystyki </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; color:inherit; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff);"> <td colspan="2"><div class="nopadding" style="margin:0 auto; width:100%;"> <table style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; color:black; background:transparent;" class="nogrid" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Piktogramy_wskazuj%C4%85ce_rodzaj_zagro%C5%BCenia" title="Płomień"><img alt="Płomień" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/45px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/68px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/90px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Piktogramy_wskazuj%C4%85ce_rodzaj_zagro%C5%BCenia" title="Wykrzyknik"><img alt="Wykrzyknik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/45px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/68px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/90px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table><b>Niebezpieczeństwo</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px dashed var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Zwroty_wskazuj%C4%85ce_rodzaj_zagro%C5%BCenia" title="Zwroty wskazujące rodzaj zagrożenia">Zwroty H</a> </th> <td> <p><abbr style="color:blue; border-bottom:1px dotted blue; text-decoration:none" title="H260: W kontakcie z wodą uwalniają łatwopalne gazy, które mogą ulegać samozapaleniu.">H260</abbr>, <abbr style="color:blue; border-bottom:1px dotted blue; text-decoration:none" title="H319: Działa drażniąco na oczy.">H319</abbr> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Zwroty_wskazuj%C4%85ce_%C5%9Brodki_ostro%C5%BCno%C5%9Bci" title="Zwroty wskazujące środki ostrożności">Zwroty P</a> </th> <td> <p><abbr style="color:blue; border-bottom:1px dotted blue; text-decoration:none" title="P223: Nie dopuszczać do kontaktu z wodą.">P223</abbr>, <abbr style="color:blue; border-bottom:1px dotted blue; text-decoration:none" title="P231+P232: Używać i przechowywać zawartość w atmosferze obojętnego gazu/... Chronić przed wilgocią.">P231+P232</abbr>, <abbr style="color:blue; border-bottom:1px dotted blue; text-decoration:none" title="P305+P351+P338: W PRZYPADKU DOSTANIA SIĘ DO OCZU: Ostrożnie płukać wodą przez kilka minut. Wyjąć soczewki kontaktowe, jeżeli są i można je łatwo usunąć. Nadal płukać">P305+P351+P338</abbr>, <abbr style="color:blue; border-bottom:1px dotted blue; text-decoration:none" title="P370+P378: W przypadku pożaru: Użyć ... do gaszenia">P370+P378</abbr> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF; border-bottom:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid; border-top:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="color:inherit; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); border-top:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-bottom:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid;"><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); text-align:center; font-size:90%"> <td colspan="2"> <table style="width:100%; color:inherit; background:transparent;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle">Na podstawie<br />podanego źródła<sup id="cite_ref-Aldrich-US_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldrich-US-1">[1]</a></sup> </td> <td><div style="position: relative; height: 75px; width: 75px; color: black;"> <div style="position: absolute; height: 75px; width: 75px; left:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:NFPA_704.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/75px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/113px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/150px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div title="Palność" style="left:0; width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 6px; font-size: large;"><abbr style="text-decoration:none" title="Palność „0”: Substancja niepalna.">0</abbr></div> <div title="Zdrowie" style="left:0; width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 24px; font-size: large;"><abbr style="text-decoration:none" title="Zdrowie „0”: Brak zagrożenia dla zdrowia w przypadku normalnego kontaktu.">0</abbr></div> <div title="Reaktywność" style="left:0; width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 24px; left: 37.5px; font-size: large;"><abbr style="text-decoration:none" title="Niestabilność „2”: Substancja ulega niebezpiecznym chemicznym przemianom w zwiększonych temperaturach i ciśnieniu, reaguje z wodą lub w wyniku reakcji z nią wytwarza wybuchowe produkty.">2</abbr></div> <div title="Inne" style="left:0; width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 47px; font-size: small;"><abbr style="text-decoration:none" title="Szczególne ryzyko „W”: Substancja reaguje energicznie z wodą w nieokreślony i niebezpieczny sposób."><del>W</del></abbr></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="color:black; background-color:#EDC9AF; border-bottom:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid; border-top:1px var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) solid"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Registry_of_Toxic_Effects_of_Chemical_Substances" title="Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances">Numer RTECS</a> </th> <td> <p>OO9275000 </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid;">Jeżeli nie podano inaczej, dane dotyczą<br /><a href="/wiki/Warunki_normalne" title="Warunki normalne">warunków normalnych (0 °C, 1013,25 hPa)</a> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Manganese" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Manganese" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Manganese">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/mangan" title="Wikisłownik"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/mangan" class="extiw" title="wikt:mangan">Hasło w Wikisłowniku</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Mangan</b> (<b>Mn</b>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%81acina" title="Łacina">łac.</a> <em lang="la">manganum</em><sup id="cite_ref-Manganum_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manganum-4">[3]</a></sup>) – <a href="/wiki/Pierwiastek_chemiczny" title="Pierwiastek chemiczny">pierwiastek chemiczny</a> należący do grupy <a href="/wiki/Blok_d" title="Blok d">metali przejściowych</a>. </p><p>Ma 15 <a href="/wiki/Izotopy" title="Izotopy">izotopów</a> z przedziału mas 49–62 i <a href="/wiki/Izomery_j%C4%85drowe" title="Izomery jądrowe">izomery jądrowe</a> 51m, 52m, 54m. Trwały jest tylko izotop 55, który stanowi niemal 100% składu izotopowego manganu występującego w naturze. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odmiany_alotropowe">Odmiany alotropowe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Odmiany alotropowe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Odmiany alotropowe"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mangan, zależnie od temperatury, przyjmuje cztery formy <a href="/wiki/Alotropia" title="Alotropia">alotropowe</a> mające różne gęstości: </p> <ul><li>< 700 °C: odmiana α;</li> <li>700–1079 °C: odmiana β;</li> <li>1079–1143 °C: odmiana γ – dość miękka, łatwo poddaje się obróbce mechanicznej;</li> <li>> 1143 °C: odmiana δ.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkrycie">Odkrycie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Odkrycie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Odkrycie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sole i tlenki manganu były stosowane już w starożytności. Dawni hutnicy używali w procesie dymarkowym do wyrobu <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBelazo" title="Żelazo">żelaza</a> m.in. <a href="/wiki/Ruda_darniowa" title="Ruda darniowa">rudy darniowej</a> zawierającej związki <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosforu</a> i manganu. We wczesnym średniowieczu wysoki stopień opanowania procesu dymarskiego cechował na obszarze <a href="/wiki/Barbaricum" title="Barbaricum">barbaricum</a> głównie celtyckie ośrodki kulturowe. Tlenki manganu wywołują również barwienie <a href="/wiki/Szk%C5%82o" title="Szkło">szkła</a> na fioletowo, i mogą w zależności od atmosfery wytopu pełnić rolę odbarwiacza. Najstarsze przykłady celtyckich produktów szklanych pochodzą z około 250–220 r. p.n.e., także na terytorium Polski. </p><p>Istnienie tego pierwiastka zasugerował <a href="/wiki/Carl_Scheele" title="Carl Scheele">Carl Wilhelm Scheele</a>. W 1774 r. przesłał próbki <a href="/wiki/Piroluzyt" title="Piroluzyt">piroluzytu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Braunsztyn" title="Braunsztyn">braunsztynu</a>) do <a href="/wiki/Johan_Gottlieb_Gahn" title="Johan Gottlieb Gahn">Johana Gottlieba Gahna</a>, który w tym samym roku wyizolował metaliczny mangan. Dokonał tego poprzez wymieszanie próbki z ropą naftową<sup id="cite_ref-oil_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oil-5">[b]</a></sup> i prażenie w tyglu węglowym<sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>. Upraszczając, reakcja polegała na <a href="/wiki/Redukcja_(chemia)" title="Redukcja (chemia)">redukcji</a> zawartego w próbkach <a href="/wiki/Tlenek_manganu(IV)" title="Tlenek manganu(IV)">dwutlenku manganu</a> <a href="/wiki/W%C4%99giel_(pierwiastek)" title="Węgiel (pierwiastek)">węglem</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span style="white-space:nowrap">MnO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span> + 2C → Mn + 2CO</span>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Występowanie_w_skorupie_ziemskiej"><span id="Wyst.C4.99powanie_w_skorupie_ziemskiej"></span>Występowanie w skorupie ziemskiej</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Występowanie w skorupie ziemskiej" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Występowanie w skorupie ziemskiej"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Występuje w skorupie ziemskiej w ilości 850<sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup> – 1000<sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-7">[5]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sposoby_zapisu_bezwymiarowego_stosunku_dw%C3%B3ch_wielko%C5%9Bci" title="Sposoby zapisu bezwymiarowego stosunku dwóch wielkości">ppm</a>, w znacznej części w postaci <a href="/wiki/Ruda" title="Ruda">rud</a> składających się z jego <a href="/wiki/Tlenki" title="Tlenki">tlenków</a>, <a href="/wiki/W%C4%99glany" title="Węglany">węglanów</a> i <a href="/wiki/Krzemiany" title="Krzemiany">krzemianów</a>. Jest po <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBelazo" title="Żelazo">żelazie</a> najbardziej rozpowszechnionym metalem ciężkim. W światowym wydobyciu manganu (w przeliczeniu na czysty składnik), wynoszącym w 2001 r. 9 mln ton, przodowały: <a href="/wiki/Chi%C5%84ska_Republika_Ludowa" title="Chińska Republika Ludowa">Chiny</a> (2,5 mln ton), <a href="/wiki/Po%C5%82udniowa_Afryka" title="Południowa Afryka">RPA</a> (1,5 mln ton), <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a> (1,2 mln ton), <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (1,1 mln ton) i <a href="/wiki/Brazylia" title="Brazylia">Brazylia</a> (1,1 mln ton). </p><p>Ważniejsze <a href="/wiki/Minera%C5%82" title="Minerał">minerały</a>: <a href="/wiki/Piroluzyt" title="Piroluzyt">piroluzyt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psylomelan" title="Psylomelan">psylomelan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manganit" title="Manganit">manganit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Braunit" title="Braunit">braunit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hausmanit" title="Hausmanit">hausmanit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodochrozyt" title="Rodochrozyt">dialogit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodonit" title="Rodonit">rodonit</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bementyt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bementyt (strona nie istnieje)">bementyt</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sztuczne_radioizotopy">Sztuczne radioizotopy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Sztuczne radioizotopy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Sztuczne radioizotopy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Do najważniejszych sztucznych <a href="/wiki/Izotopy_promieniotw%C3%B3rcze" title="Izotopy promieniotwórcze">radioizotopów</a> należą: </p> <ul><li><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>52</sup>Mn</span>, otrzymywany w reakcjach: <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>52</sup><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a>(<a href="/wiki/Deuteron" title="Deuteron">d</a>,2<a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">n</a>)</span><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>52</sup>Mn</span> i <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>56</sup><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBelazo" title="Żelazo">Fe</a>(<a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">p</a>,dn)</span><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>52</sup>Mn</span></li> <li><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>54</sup>Mn</span>, otrzymywany w reakcjach: <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>53</sup>Cr(d,n)</span><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>54</sup>Mn</span> i <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>56</sup>Fe(d,α)</span><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>54</sup>Mn</span></li> <li><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>56</sup>Mn</span>, otrzymywany przez neutronową aktywację metalicznego manganu lub dwutlenku manganu, MnO<sub>2</sub></li></ul> <p>Są one stosowane jako wskaźniki promieniotwórcze. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Właściwości_chemiczne_i_fizyczne"><span id="W.C5.82a.C5.9Bciwo.C5.9Bci_chemiczne_i_fizyczne"></span>Właściwości chemiczne i fizyczne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Właściwości chemiczne i fizyczne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Właściwości chemiczne i fizyczne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metaliczny mangan jest twardym, srebrzystym i kruchym materiałem o różowym połysku. Jest masowo stosowanym <a href="/wiki/Dodatek_stopowy" title="Dodatek stopowy">dodatkiem</a> do <a href="/wiki/Stal" title="Stal">stali</a>, obniżając jej temperaturę topnienia i poprawiając właściwości mechaniczne. Wykazuje właściwości <a href="/wiki/Paramagnetyzm" title="Paramagnetyzm">paramagnetyczne</a>. </p><p>Jest metalem stosunkowo aktywnym chemicznie, reaguje z kwasami nieutleniającymi (w postaci pyłu także z wodą) z wydzieleniem <a href="/wiki/Wod%C3%B3r" title="Wodór">wodoru</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a></sup>. W postaci litej jest odporniejszy od <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBelazo" title="Żelazo">żelaza</a> na działanie czynników atmosferycznych w wyniku <a href="/wiki/Pasywacja" title="Pasywacja">pasywacji</a>. Rozdrobniony jest <a href="/wiki/Piroforyczno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Piroforyczność">piroforyczny</a><sup id="cite_ref-Encyklopedia_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyklopedia-9">[7]</a></sup>. </p><p>Najważniejszymi <a href="/wiki/Stopie%C5%84_utlenienia" title="Stopień utlenienia">stopniami utlenienia</a> manganu są II, III, IV i VII<sup id="cite_ref-Bielanski_1981_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bielanski_1981-10">[8]</a></sup>. Formalnie zaobserwowano wszystkie stopnie utlenienia z zakresu od −III do VII<sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann's_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann's-11">[9]</a></sup>. Na stopniach utlenienia od −III do I mangan tworzy wyłącznie związki kompleksowe. Poczynając od stopnia utlenienia II rośnie charakter kwasowy manganu. Kationy <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn<sup>2+</sup></span> są trwałe w roztworach wodnych i w środowisku kwaśnym dość odporne na utlenianie, podczas gdy związki manganu(II) w środowisku zasadowym łatwo ulegają utlenieniu<sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>. Nie są znane oksyaniony manganu na tym stopniu utlenienia. Kationy <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn<sup>3+</sup></span> są trwałe tylko w środowisku silnie kwaśnym, nawet ich rozcieńczenie podnosi pH roztworu wystarczająco, by uległy reakcji <a href="/wiki/Dysproporcjonowanie" title="Dysproporcjonowanie">dysproporcjonacji</a> do związków manganu(II) i (IV)<sup id="cite_ref-Arora_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arora-12">[10]</a></sup>. Tendencja do tworzenia oksyanionów na tym stopniu utlenienia jest bardzo mała, udało się to potwierdzić dla <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">K<sub>6</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub></span><sup id="cite_ref-Brachtel_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brachtel-13">[11]</a></sup>. Na IV stopniu utlenienia mangan tworzy fluorek i siarczan, jednak te związki rozkładają się w kontakcie z wodą. Oksyaniony <a href="/wiki/Manganiany" title="Manganiany"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">2−</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">3</span></span></span></a> i <a href="/wiki/Manganiany" title="Manganiany"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">4−</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">4</span></span></span></a> są trwałe w rozcieńczonych roztworach wodnych<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-14">[12]</a></sup>. Nie są znane proste kationy manganu na wyższych stopniach utlenienia. Na V stopniu utlenienia mangan tworzy aniony <a href="/wiki/Manganiany" title="Manganiany"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">3−</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">4</span></span></span></a>, które nawet w roztworach o pH = 14 ulegają powolnej dysproporcjonacji do <a href="/wiki/Tlenek_manganu(IV)" title="Tlenek manganu(IV)">dwutlenku manganu</a> i wraz ze spadkiem zasadowości środowiska szybkość tej reakcji mocno wzrasta<sup id="cite_ref-Pulse_Radiol_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pulse_Radiol-15">[13]</a></sup>. Manganiany(VI) są stabilne w roztworach silnie zasadowych, po obniżeniu pH ulegają reakcji dysproporcjonacji<sup id="cite_ref-Pulse_Radiol_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pulse_Radiol-15">[13]</a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Nadmanganiany" title="Nadmanganiany">Nadmanganiany</a>, w których mangan jest na VII stopniu utlenienia<sup id="cite_ref-Encyklopedia_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyklopedia-9">[7]</a></sup>, są trwałe w środowisku zasadowym i obojętnym. W środowisku kwaśnym możliwe jest uzyskanie kwasu nadmanganowego w wyniku reakcji roztworu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nadmanganian_baru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nadmanganian baru (strona nie istnieje)">nadmanganianu baru</a> z kwasem siarkowym w temperaturze poniżej 1 °C<sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>. Powstający w reakcji nadmanganianów ze stężonym kwasem siarkowym zielony <a href="/wiki/Tlenek_manganu(VII)" title="Tlenek manganu(VII)">tlenek manganu(VII)</a> wobec nadmiaru <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span> jest zdolny do utworzenia oksykationu <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">+</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">3</span></span></span>. Stopniowa zmiana charakteru manganu z zasadowego na II stopniu utlenienia do kwasowego na VII jest wyraźnie widoczna, choć nieco zakłócona obniżoną stabilnością związków manganu na stopniach utlenienia V i VI. Roztwór nadmanganianu potasu o niskim stężeniu w skrajnie zasadowym środowisku przybiera barwę niebieską, co świadczy o powstawaniu anionu <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">3−</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">4</span></span></span>, w którym mangan jest na V stopniu utlenienia<sup id="cite_ref-Arora_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arora-12">[10]</a></sup>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; min-width:920px"> <caption>Przykłady związków i jonów manganu na wybranych stopniach utlenienia </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center">Stopień utlenienia </th> <th>Przykłady związków i jonów </th> <th>Uwagi </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">VII </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nadmanganian_potasu" title="Nadmanganian potasu"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">KMnO<sub>4</sub></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Nadmanganiany" title="Nadmanganiany"><span style="white-space:nowrap">MnO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;">−<br />4</span></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Tlenek_manganu(VII)" title="Tlenek manganu(VII)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></span></a>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">HMnO<sub>4</sub></span><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Tlenek_manganu(VII)" title="Tlenek manganu(VII)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">+</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">3</span></span></span></a>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<sub>3</sub>F</span><sup id="cite_ref-Arora_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arora-12">[10]</a></sup>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<sub>3</sub>Cl</span><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup> </td> <td>Aniony są trwałe w środowisku zasadowym i obojętnym. Związki manganu na VII stopniu utlenienia wykazują własności utleniające, szczególnie silne w środowisku kwaśnym. Aniony nadmanganianowe nadają roztworom wodnym barwę fioletową<sup id="cite_ref-Arora_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arora-12">[10]</a></sup>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">VI </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganian_potasu" title="Manganian potasu"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">K<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Manganiany" title="Manganiany"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">2−</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">4</span></span></span></a>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">HMnO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;">−<br />4</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Pulse_Radiol_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pulse_Radiol-15">[13]</a></sup>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></span><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup> </td> <td>Kwas manganowy(VI) jest tak nietrwały, że udało się wyznaczyć jedynie jego drugą stałą dysocjacji metodą <a href="/wiki/Radioliza_impulsowa" title="Radioliza impulsowa">radiolizy impulsowej</a> (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> = 7,4 ± 0,1)<sup id="cite_ref-Pulse_Radiol_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pulse_Radiol-15">[13]</a></sup>. Występujące we wczesnej literaturze doniesienia o otrzymaniu <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<sub>3</sub></span> okazały się nieprawdziwe<sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>. Aniony manganianowe(VI) nadają roztworom wodnym barwę zieloną<sup id="cite_ref-Arora_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arora-12">[10]</a></sup>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">V </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganian(V)_potasu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manganian(V) potasu (strona nie istnieje)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">K<sub>3</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Cotton_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cotton-16">[14]</a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Manganiany" title="Manganiany"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">3−</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">4</span></span></span></a>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>MnO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;">−<br />4</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Pulse_Radiol_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pulse_Radiol-15">[13]</a></sup>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnOCl<sub>3</sub></span><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup> </td> <td>Manganiany(V) jedynie w bardzo silnie zasadowym środowisku nie ulegają natychmiastowej <a href="/wiki/Dysproporcjonowanie" title="Dysproporcjonowanie">dysmutacji</a>. Udało się jednak wyznaczyć trzecią stałą dysocjacji kwasu manganowego(V) – (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> = 13,7 ± 0,2)<sup id="cite_ref-Pulse_Radiol_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pulse_Radiol-15">[13]</a></sup>. Aniony manganianowe(V) nadają roztworom wodnym barwę niebieską<sup id="cite_ref-Arora_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arora-12">[10]</a></sup>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">IV </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tlenek_manganu(IV)" title="Tlenek manganu(IV)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<sub>2</sub></span></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siarczek_manganu(IV)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siarczek manganu(IV) (strona nie istnieje)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnS<sub>2</sub></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siarczan_manganu(IV)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siarczan manganu(IV) (strona nie istnieje)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Arora_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arora-12">[10]</a></sup>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnF<sub>4</sub></span><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnF<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">2−</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">6</span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">MnF<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;">−<br />5</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Manganiany" title="Manganiany"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">2−</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">3</span></span></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Manganiany" title="Manganiany"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">4−</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">4</span></span></span></a> </td> <td>Trwały <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<sub>2</sub></span> jest głównym składnikiem <a href="/wiki/Braunsztyn" title="Braunsztyn">braunsztynu</a> – podstawowej rudy manganu. Powstające w wyniku <a href="/wiki/Fotoliza" title="Fotoliza">fotolizy</a> nadmanganianów rozcieńczone wodne roztwory manganianów(IV)<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_Brauman_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_Brauman-17">[15]</a></sup> są również stabilne<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-14">[12]</a></sup>. Związki manganu(IV) są zazwyczaj czarne<sup id="cite_ref-Arora_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arora-12">[10]</a></sup>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">III </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tlenek_manganu(III)" title="Tlenek manganu(III)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Siarczan_manganu(III)" title="Siarczan manganu(III)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluorek_manganu(III)" title="Fluorek manganu(III)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnF<sub>3</sub></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorek_manganu(III)" title="Chlorek manganu(III)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnCl<sub>3</sub></span></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromek_manganu(III)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromek manganu(III) (strona nie istnieje)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnBr<sub>3</sub></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Octan_manganu(III)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octan manganu(III) (strona nie istnieje)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn(OOCCH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Arora_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arora-12">[10]</a></sup>, <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heksacyjanomanganian(III)_potasu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heksacyjanomanganian(III) potasu (strona nie istnieje)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">K<sub>3</sub>[Mn(CN)<sub>6</sub>]</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">K<sub>6</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub></span><sup id="cite_ref-Brachtel_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brachtel-13">[11]</a></sup> </p> </td> <td>Jedynie dla <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">K<sub>6</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub></span> wykazano istnienie odrębnego oksyanionu<sup id="cite_ref-Brachtel_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brachtel-13">[11]</a></sup>, substancje takie jak <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">LaMnO<sub>3</sub></span>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></span>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">LiMnO<sub>2</sub></span>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">NaMnO<sub>2</sub></span> są mieszaninami tlenków o określonej <a href="/wiki/Sie%C4%87_krystaliczna" title="Sieć krystaliczna">strukturze krystalograficznej</a>. Kationy <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn<sup>3+</sup></span> nadają roztworom wodnym barwę czerwoną<sup id="cite_ref-Arora_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arora-12">[10]</a></sup>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">II </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tlenek_manganu(II)" title="Tlenek manganu(II)">MnO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siarczek_manganu(II)" title="Siarczek manganu(II)">MnS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wodorotlenek_manganu(II)" title="Wodorotlenek manganu(II)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn(OH)<sub>2</sub></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorek_manganu(II)" title="Chlorek manganu(II)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnCl<sub>2</sub></span></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromek_manganu(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromek manganu(II) (strona nie istnieje)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnBr<sub>2</sub></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodek_manganu(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jodek manganu(II) (strona nie istnieje)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnI<sub>2</sub></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Azotan_manganu(II)" title="Azotan manganu(II)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Siarczan_manganu(II)" title="Siarczan manganu(II)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnSO<sub>4</sub></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/W%C4%99glan_manganu(II)" title="Węglan manganu(II)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnCO<sub>3</sub></span></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorek_manganu_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorek manganu II (strona nie istnieje)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnF<sub>2</sub></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">MnF<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;">−<br />3</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnF<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">2−</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">4</span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heksacyjanomanganian(II)_potasu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heksacyjanomanganian(II) potasu (strona nie istnieje)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">K<sub>4</sub>[Mn(CN)<sub>6</sub>]</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup> </td> <td>Związki manganu na II stopniu utlenienia mają własności redukujące. Większość z nich ma barwę jasnoróżową<sup id="cite_ref-Arora_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arora-12">[10]</a></sup>, która wynika z tworzenia się kationu <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn(OH)<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">2+</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">6</span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>. Świeżo strącony <a href="/wiki/Wodorotlenek_manganu(II)" title="Wodorotlenek manganu(II)">wodorotlenek manganu(II)</a> ma barwę białą. Wydzielony kompleks <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">K<sub>4</sub>[Mn(CN)<sub>6</sub>]</span>·3<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub>O</span> jest niebiesko-fioletowy a jego roztwory mają barwę żółtą<sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">I </td> <td><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn(CO)<sub>5</sub>Br</span><sup id="cite_ref-chembook_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chembook-18">[16]</a></sup>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn(CO)<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">+</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">5</span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Lecombe_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lecombe-19">[17]</a></sup>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn(CO)<sub>5</sub>Cl</span><sup id="cite_ref-Pauson_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pauson-20">[18]</a></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heksacyjanomanganian(I)_potasu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heksacyjanomanganian(I) potasu (strona nie istnieje)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">K<sub>5</sub>[Mn(CN)<sub>6</sub>]</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Arora_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arora-12">[10]</a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/MMT" title="MMT"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">(CH<sub>3</sub>C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)Mn(CO)<sub>3</sub></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Arora_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arora-12">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schmidt_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmidt-21">[19]</a></sup> </td> <td>Wyłącznie związki kompleksowe są znane, mają własności utleniające. Cyklopentadienylotrikarbonylek manganu jest używany jako dodatek do benzyny bezołowiowej<sup id="cite_ref-inFuel_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inFuel-22">[20]</a></sup>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">0 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekakarbonylek_dimanganu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dekakarbonylek dimanganu (strona nie istnieje)"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>10</sub></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Dahl_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dahl-23">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-webbook_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webbook-24">[22]</a></sup>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn(CO)<sub>5</sub></span><sup id="cite_ref-Lecombe_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lecombe-19">[17]</a></sup> </td> <td>Dziesięciokarbonylek dimanganu można otrzymać w postaci czystej i ma pewne zastosowanie w syntezie organicznej<sup id="cite_ref-Pauson_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pauson-20">[18]</a></sup>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">−I </td> <td><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">LiMn(CO)<sub>5</sub></span><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">NaMn(CO)<sub>5</sub></span><sup id="cite_ref-Pauson_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pauson-20">[18]</a></sup>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Mn(CO)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;">−<br />5</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Lecombe_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lecombe-19">[17]</a></sup> </td> <td><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">NaMn(CO)<sub>5</sub></span> można wydzielić w postaci czystej. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">−II </td> <td><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn(<a href="/wiki/Ftalocyjanina" title="Ftalocyjanina">bisftalocyjaninian</a>)<sup>2−</sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-Pisarczyk_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pisarczyk-25">[23]</a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">−III </td> <td><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn(NO)<sub>3</sub>CO</span><sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup> </td> <td>Taki jest formalny stopień utlenienia manganu w tym kompleksie<sup id="cite_ref-Pergamon_6-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pergamon-6">[4]</a></sup>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Otrzymywanie">Otrzymywanie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj sekcję: Otrzymywanie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Otrzymywanie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/220px-Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/330px-Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/440px-Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5424" data-file-height="3368" /></a><figcaption>Czyste (99,99%) kawałki manganu <a href="/wiki/Elektrorafinacja" title="Elektrorafinacja">rafinowane elektrolitycznie</a></figcaption></figure> <p>W laboratorium metaliczny mangan można otrzymać poprzez redukcję <a href="/wiki/Piroluzyt" title="Piroluzyt">piroluzytu</a> <a href="/wiki/Glin" title="Glin">glinem</a> w reakcji <a href="/wiki/Aluminotermia" title="Aluminotermia">aluminotermii</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span style="white-space:nowrap">3MnO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span> + 4Al → 2Al<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>O<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span> + 3Mn</span>.</dd></dl> <p>W przemyśle znaczna część manganu jest wykorzystywana w postaci stopu z żelazem – <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BBelazomangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Żelazomangan (strona nie istnieje)">żelazomanganu</a>. Stop ten jest otrzymywany w <a href="/wiki/Piec_hutniczy" title="Piec hutniczy">piecach hutniczych</a> lub <a href="/wiki/Piec_%C5%82ukowy" title="Piec łukowy">łukowych</a> z mieszaniny rud manganu i żelaza w wyniku redukcji węglem<sup id="cite_ref-IMR_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMR-26">[24]</a></sup> – uzyskane tą drogą stopy zawierają 30–80% manganu<sup id="cite_ref-Holleman_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holleman-27">[25]</a></sup>. Czysty mangan, przeznaczony do otrzymywania stopów nie zawierających żelaza, jest otrzymywany w wyniku ekstrakcji rud za pomocą <a href="/wiki/Kwas_siarkowy" title="Kwas siarkowy">kwasu siarkowego</a>, a następnie wydzielany na drodze elektrolitycznej<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-28">[26]</a></sup>. Typowy proces obejmuje redukcję rud manganu za pomocą <a href="/wiki/Tlenek_w%C4%99gla" title="Tlenek węgla">tlenku węgla</a> zawartego w <a href="/wiki/Gaz_ziemny" title="Gaz ziemny">gazie ziemnym</a> w temperaturze 800–1000 °C do <a href="/wiki/Tlenek_manganu(II)" title="Tlenek manganu(II)">tlenku manganu (MnO)</a>, który łatwo ulega ekstrakcji<sup id="cite_ref-Kirk_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirk-29">[27]</a></sup>. Ze względu na konieczność zastosowania wysokiej temperatury taki proces może być zastosowany jedynie do złóż bogatych w mangan (> 35%). W ostatnich latach opracowywano założenia do procesu wykorzystującego ekstrakcję wodnymi roztworami <a href="/wiki/Dwutlenek_siarki" title="Dwutlenek siarki">dwutlenku siarki</a> przed etapem <a href="/wiki/Elektrorafinacja" title="Elektrorafinacja">elektrorafinacji</a>. Proces taki przeznaczony byłby do ubogich złóż zawierających 4–7% manganu<sup id="cite_ref-Kemetco_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kemetco-30">[28]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Znaczenie_biologiczne">Znaczenie biologiczne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj sekcję: Znaczenie biologiczne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Znaczenie biologiczne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mangan obecny jest w centrach reaktywności wielu <a href="/wiki/Enzymy" title="Enzymy">enzymów</a> i jest niezbędnym do życia <a href="/wiki/Biologiczne_znaczenie_pierwiastk%C3%B3w" title="Biologiczne znaczenie pierwiastków">mikroelementem</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a></sup>. Zalecane spożycie manganu dla osób dorosłych wynosi 1,6 mg, nadmiar może sprzyjać rozwojowi <a href="/wiki/Ot%C4%99pienie" title="Otępienie">demencji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schizofrenia" title="Schizofrenia">schizofrenii</a> oraz pogłębiać <a href="/wiki/Choroba_Parkinsona" title="Choroba Parkinsona">chorobę Parkinsona</a>, niedobór zaś, choć rzadki, powoduje opóźnienie w rozwoju fizycznym<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a></sup>. </p><p>Kompleksy manganu są wykorzystywane w mechanizmie <a href="/wiki/Fotosynteza#Fotosynteza_eukariotów" title="Fotosynteza">fosforylacji niecyklicznej</a> fotosystemu II <a href="/wiki/Fotosynteza" title="Fotosynteza">fotosyntezy</a> u roślin – bierze udział w <a href="/wiki/Fotoliza" title="Fotoliza">fotolizie</a> wody (rozkładzie wody przez działanie światła)<sup id="cite_ref-Dau_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dau-33">[31]</a></sup>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Przykładowa zawartość manganu w żywności </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>produkt </th> <th>miara produktu </th> <th data-sort-type="number">pokrycie dziennego<br />zapotrzebowania </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C5%82atki_owsiane" title="Płatki owsiane">płatki owsiane zwykłe</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>246% (4,9 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Proszek_kakaowy" title="Proszek kakaowy">proszek kakaowy</a> 14% tłuszczu</td> <td>100 g</td> <td>192% (3,8 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-nutr_kakao_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nutr_kakao-35">[33]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 łyżeczka (5 g)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a></sup></td> <td>10% (0,2 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-nutr_kakao_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nutr_kakao-35">[33]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%BC_br%C4%85zowy" title="Ryż brązowy">ryż brązowy długoziarnisty</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>187% (3,7 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orzech_w%C5%82oski" title="Orzech włoski">orzechy włoskie</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>171% (3,4 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Migda%C5%82y" title="Migdały">migdały</a>, prażone</td> <td>100 g</td> <td>131% (2,6 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ciecierzyca_pospolita" title="Ciecierzyca pospolita">ciecierzyca</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>110% (2,2 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orzacha_podziemna" title="Orzacha podziemna">orzechy arachidowe</a>, prażone</td> <td>100 g</td> <td>104% (2,1 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nanercz_zachodni" title="Nanercz zachodni">orzechy <i>cashew</i></a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>83% (1,7 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kasza_jaglana" title="Kasza jaglana">kasza jaglana</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>82% (1,6 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kasza_gryczana" title="Kasza gryczana">kasza gryczana palona</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>81% (1,6 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kasza_j%C4%99czmienna" title="Kasza jęczmienna">kasza jęczmienna perłowa</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>66% (1,3 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Czekolada" title="Czekolada">czekolada ciemna</a> 60–69% masy kakaowej</td> <td>100 g</td> <td>66% (1,3 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chleb" title="Chleb">chleb</a> pszenny</td> <td>100 g</td> <td>56% (1,1 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%BC_kleisty" title="Ryż kleisty">ryż kleisty</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>49% (1,0 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C4%85ka_pszenna" title="Mąka pszenna">mąka tortowa</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>32% (0,6 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%82%C5%BCe" title="Małże">małże</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>25% (0,5 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Banan_(owoc)" title="Banan (owoc)">banany</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>13% (0,3 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Herbata" title="Herbata">herbata czarna</a> (pominięto składniki zawarte w wodzie)</td> <td>100 g</td> <td>11% (0,2 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ziemniak" title="Ziemniak">ziemniaki</a> wraz ze skórką</td> <td>100 g</td> <td>8% (0,2 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marchew" title="Marchew">marchew</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>7% (0,1 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pomidor" title="Pomidor">pomidory</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>6% (0,1 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Przegrzebek_zwyczajny" title="Przegrzebek zwyczajny">przegrzebki</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>4% (0,1 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jab%C5%82ko" title="Jabłko">jabłka</a> obrane lub nie</td> <td>100 g</td> <td>2%<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pomara%C5%84cza" class="mw-disambig" title="Pomarańcza">pomarańcze</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>1%<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">wieprzowina</span> <a href="/wiki/Pol%C4%99dwiczka" title="Polędwiczka">polędwiczka wieprzowa</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>1%<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="sortkey" style="display:none">indyk</span> mięso z piersi <a href="/wiki/Indyk_zwyczajny" title="Indyk zwyczajny">indyka</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>1%<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jajko_(kulinaria)" title="Jajko (kulinaria)">jajo</a> kurze</td> <td>100 g</td> <td>2%<sup id="cite_ref-jajo_raw_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jajo_raw-62">[60]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 sztuka (63 g)</td> <td>1%<sup id="cite_ref-jajo_raw_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jajo_raw-62">[60]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>jajo kurze – <a href="/wiki/%C5%BB%C3%B3%C5%82tko" title="Żółtko">żółtko</a></td> <td>100 g</td> <td>3% (0,1 mg)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>jajo kurze – białko</td> <td>100 g</td> <td>1%<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mleko" title="Mleko">mleko</a> krowie 3,25% tłuszczu</td> <td>100 g</td> <td>0%<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uwagi">Uwagi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Edytuj sekcję: Uwagi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Uwagi"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection refsection-uwagi ll-script ll-script-uwagi"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Podana wartość stanowi przybliżoną standardową względną masę atomową (ang. <i><span lang="en">abridged standard atomic weight</span></i>) publikowaną wraz ze standardową względną masą atomową, która wynosi 54,938043 ± 0,000002. Zob. <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFProhaskaIrrgeherBenefieldBöhlke2021">Prohaska i in. 2021 ↓</a></span>, s. 584.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oil-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-oil_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski">ang.</a> <em lang="en">oil</em> użyte w referowanym tekście może też oznaczać olej lub oliwę.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Aldrich-US-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Aldrich-US_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Aldrich-US_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Aldrich-US_1-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/sds/aldrich/463728">Manganese (nr 463728)</a> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span> – karta charakterystyki produktu Sigma-Aldrich (<a href="/wiki/Merck_(niemieckie_przedsi%C4%99biorstwo)" title="Merck (niemieckie przedsiębiorstwo)">Merck</a>) na obszar Stanów Zjednoczonych. [dostęp 2011-10-05]. <small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikiprojekt:Chemia/Problemy_z_kartami_charakterystyki_Sigma-Aldrich" title="Wikiprojekt:Chemia/Problemy z kartami charakterystyki Sigma-Aldrich">przeczytaj, jeśli nie wyświetla się prawidłowa wersja karty charakterystyki</a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation open-access doi nourl c" id="CITEREFProhaskaIrrgeherBenefieldBöhlke2021"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Thomas</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Thomas" style="display:none">T.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Prohaska</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Thomas</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Thomas">T.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="Thomas Prohaska, Johanna Irrgeher, Jacqueline Benefield, John K. Böhlke, Lesley A. Chesson, Tyler B. Coplen, Tiping Ding, Philip J.H. Dunn, Manfred Gröning, Norman E. Holden, Harro A.J. Meijer, Heiko Moossen, Antonio Possolo, Yoshio Takahashi, Jochen Vogl, Thomas Walczyk, Jun Wang, Michael E. Wieser, Shigekazu Yoneda, Xiang-Kun Zhu, Juris Meija"> i inni</span>, <i>Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)</i>, „<a href="/wiki/Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="Pure and Applied Chemistry">Pure and Applied Chemistry</a>”, 94 (5), 2021, s. 573–600, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603">10.1515/pac-2019-0603</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Standard+atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2021+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Prohaska&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manganum-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Manganum_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Mn">Manganum (Manganese)</a>. Elementymology & Elements Multidict. [dostęp 2011-02-22].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pergamon-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-7">h</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-8">i</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-9">j</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-10">k</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-11">l</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-12">m</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-13">n</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-14">o</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-15">p</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-16">q</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-17">r</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-18">s</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-19">t</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-20">u</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-21">v</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-22">w</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-23">x</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-24">y</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-25">z</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-26">aa</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pergamon_6-27">ab</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">R.D.W. Kemmitt, R.D. Peacock: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.pl/books?id=c0n-BAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=pl#v=onepage&q&f=false">The Chemistry of Manganese, Technetium and Rhenium</a></i>. Oxford, Nowy Jork, Toronto, Sydney, Paryż, Braunschweig: Pergamon Press, 1973, s. 771–798, 811–813, 851, 859, seria: Pergamon Texts in Inorganic Chemistry. Vol. 13. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/00801888702" title="Specjalna:Książki/00801888702">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-incorrect" title="Nieprawidłowa składnia">0-08-0188-870-2</span></a>. [dostęp 2015-05-22].<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chemistry+of+Manganese%2C+Technetium+and+Rhenium&rft.aulast=Kemmitt&rft.aufirst=R.D.W.&rft.date=1973&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.place=Oxford%2C+Nowy+Jork%2C+Toronto%2C+Sydney%2C+Pary%C5%BC%2C+Braunschweig&rft.pages=771%E2%80%93798%2C+811%E2%80%93813%2C+851%2C+859&rft.series=Pergamon+Texts+in+Inorganic+Chemistry.+Vol.+13&rft.isbn=0-08-0188-870-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.pl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc0n-BAAAQBAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dpl%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emsley-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Manganese. W: John Emsley: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=j-Xu07p3cKwC">Nature’s Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements</a></i>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2001, s. 249–253. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/0198503407" title="Specjalna:Książki/0198503407">ISBN <span class="isbn">0-19-850340-7</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%E2%80%99s+Building+Blocks%3A+An+A-Z+Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.atitle=Manganese&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2001&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=249%E2%80%93253&rft.isbn=0-19-850340-7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dj-Xu07p3cKwC"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Biela%C5%84ski_(chemik)" title="Adam Bielański (chemik)">Adam Bielański</a>: <i>Podstawy chemii nieorganicznej</i>. Wyd. 5. Warszawa: <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_Naukowe_PWN" title="Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN">PWN</a>, 2002, s. 904. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8301136545" title="Specjalna:Książki/8301136545">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-01-13654-5</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Podstawy+chemii+nieorganicznej&rft.aulast=Biela%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.date=2002&rft.edition=5&rft.pub=%5B%5BWydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN%7CPWN%5D%5D&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=904&rft.isbn=83-01-13654-5"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyklopedia-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Encyklopedia_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Encyklopedia_9-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><i>Encyklopedia techniki. Chemia</i>. Warszawa: <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwa_Naukowo-Techniczne" title="Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Techniczne">WNT</a>, 1965.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyklopedia+techniki.+Chemia&rft.date=1965&rft.pub=%5B%5BWydawnictwa+Naukowo-Techniczne%7CWNT%5D%5D&rft.place=Warszawa"></span></cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bielanski_1981-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bielanski_1981_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Biela%C5%84ski_(chemik)" title="Adam Bielański (chemik)">Adam Bielański</a>: <i>Chemia ogólna i nieorganiczna</i>. Warszawa: <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_Naukowe_PWN" title="Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN">PWN</a>, 1981, s. 582. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/830102626X" title="Specjalna:Książki/830102626X">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-01-02626-X</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemia+og%C3%B3lna+i+nieorganiczna&rft.aulast=Biela%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.date=1981&rft.pub=%5B%5BWydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN%7CPWN%5D%5D&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=582&rft.isbn=83-01-02626-X"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ullmann's-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann's_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">David B. Wellbeloved, Peter M. Craven, John W. Waudby: Manganese and Manganese Alloys. W: <i>Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</i>. Nowy Jork: John Wiley and Sons, 2000-06-15. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a16_077">10.1002/14356007.a16_077</a>. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9783527306732" title="Specjalna:Książki/9783527306732">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">978-3-527-30673-2</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ullmann%E2%80%99s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Manganese+and+Manganese+Alloys&rft.aulast=Wellbeloved&rft.aufirst=David+B.&rft.date=2000-06-15&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.place=Nowy+Jork&rft.isbn=9783527306732&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F14356007.a16_077"></span></cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arora-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Arora_12-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Arora_12-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Arora_12-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Arora_12-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Arora_12-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Arora_12-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Arora_12-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Arora_12-7">h</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Arora_12-8">i</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Arora_12-9">j</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Arora_12-10">k</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Arora_12-11">l</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Arora_12-12">m</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">C.L. Arora. <em>Lecture demonstration of the various oxidation states of manganese</em>. „Journal of Chemical Education”. 54 (5), s. 302–303, 1977. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ed054p302">10.1021/ed054p302</a>. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lecture+demonstration+of+the+various+oxidation+states+of+manganese&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.date=1977&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=%7B%7B%7Bnumer%7D%7D%7D&rft.aulast=Arora&rft.aufirst=C.L.&rft.pages=302%E2%80%93303&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fed054p302"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brachtel-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Brachtel_13-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Brachtel_13-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Brachtel_13-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">G. Brachtel, R. Hoppe. „Naturwissenschaften”. 63 (7), 1976. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00597313">10.1007/BF00597313</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976NW.....63..339B">1976NW.....63..339B</a>. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku niemieckim (Deutsch)">niem.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Naturwissenschaften&rft.date=1976&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=%7B%7B%7Bnumer%7D%7D%7D&rft.aulast=Brachtel&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF00597313"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lee_14-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lee_14-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Donald G. Lee, Tao Chen. <em>Oxidation of hydrocarbons. 18. Mechanism of the reaction between permanganate and carbon-carbon double bonds</em>. „J. Am. Chem. Soc.”. 111 (19), s. 7534–7538, 1989. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00201a039">10.1021/ja00201a039</a>. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Oxidation+of+hydrocarbons.+18.+Mechanism+of+the+reaction+between+permanganate+and+carbon-carbon+double+bonds&rft.jtitle=J.+Am.+Chem.+Soc.&rft.date=1989&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=%7B%7B%7Bnumer%7D%7D%7D&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Donald+G.&rft.pages=7534%E2%80%937538&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fja00201a039"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pulse_Radiol-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pulse_Radiol_15-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pulse_Radiol_15-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pulse_Radiol_15-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pulse_Radiol_15-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pulse_Radiol_15-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pulse_Radiol_15-5">f</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">J.D. Rush, B.H.J. Bielski. <em>Studies of Manganate(V), - (VI), and - (VII) Tetraoxyanions by Pulse Radiolysis. Optical Spectra of Protonated Forms</em>. „Inorg. Chem.”. 34 (23), s. 5832–5838, 1995. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00127a022">10.1021/ic00127a022</a>. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Studies+of+Manganate%28V%29%2C+-+%28VI%29%2C+and+-+%28VII%29+Tetraoxyanions+by+Pulse+Radiolysis.+Optical+Spectra+of+Protonated+Forms&rft.jtitle=Inorg.+Chem.&rft.date=1995&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=%7B%7B%7Bnumer%7D%7D%7D&rft.aulast=Rush&rft.aufirst=J.D.&rft.pages=5832%E2%80%935838&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fic00127a022"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cotton-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Albert F. Cotton, Geoffrey Wilkinson: <i>Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (4th ed.)</i>. Nowy Jork: Willey, 1980, s. 746. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/0471027758" title="Specjalna:Książki/0471027758">ISBN <span class="isbn">0-471-02775-8</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Inorganic+Chemistry+%284th+ed.%29&rft.aulast=Cotton&rft.aufirst=Albert+F.&rft.date=1980&rft.pub=Willey&rft.place=Nowy+Jork&rft.pages=746&rft.isbn=0-471-02775-8"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee_Brauman-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lee_Brauman_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Donald G. Lee, Christopher R. Moylan, Takatoshi Hayashi, John I. Brauman. <em>Photochemistry of aqueous permanganate ion</em>. „Journal of the American Chemical Society”. 109 (10), s. 3003–3010, 1987. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00244a023">10.1021/ja00244a023</a>. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Photochemistry+of+aqueous+permanganate+ion&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.date=1987&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=%7B%7B%7Bnumer%7D%7D%7D&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Donald+G.&rft.pages=3003%E2%80%933010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fja00244a023"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chembook-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-chembook_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemicalbook.com/ProductChemicalPropertiesCB8131162_EN.htm">Manganese pentacarbonyl bromide</a>. ChemicalBook. [dostęp 2015-05-20]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lecombe-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lecombe_19-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lecombe_19-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lecombe_19-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">D.A. Lacombe, J.E. Anderson, K.M. Kadish. <em>Electrochemistry of dimanganese decacarbonyl, pentacarbonylmanganese(1+), pentacarbonylmanganate(1-), and manganese pentacarbonyl</em>. „Inorganic Chemistry”. 25 (12), s. 2074–2079, 1986. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00232a033">10.1021/ic00232a033</a>. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Electrochemistry+of+dimanganese+decacarbonyl%2C+pentacarbonylmanganese%281%2B%29%2C+pentacarbonylmanganate%281-%29%2C+and+manganese+pentacarbonyl&rft.jtitle=Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.date=1986&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=%7B%7B%7Bnumer%7D%7D%7D&rft.aulast=Lacombe&rft.aufirst=D.A.&rft.pages=2074%E2%80%932079&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fic00232a033"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pauson-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pauson_20-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pauson_20-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pauson_20-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">P. L. Pauson, G. K. Friestad: Decacarbonyldimanganese. W: <i>Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis</i>. Nowy Jork: J. Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/047084289X">10.1002/047084289X</a>. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9780470842898" title="Specjalna:Książki/9780470842898">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">978-0-470-84289-8</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Reagents+for+Organic+Synthesis&rft.atitle=Decacarbonyldimanganese&rft.aulast=Pauson&rft.aufirst=P.+L.&rft.pub=J.+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.place=Nowy+Jork&rft.isbn=9780470842898&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F047084289X"></span></cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmidt-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Schmidt_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Max Schmidt: <i>„VII. Nebengruppe”. Anorganische Chemie II</i>. Wissenschaftsverlag, 1968, s. 100–109.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E2%80%9EVII.+Nebengruppe%E2%80%9D.+Anorganische+Chemie+II&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.date=1968&rft.pub=Wissenschaftsverlag&rft.pages=100%E2%80%93109"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku niemieckim (Deutsch)">niem.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inFuel-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-inFuel_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule/FR-1995-07-17/95-17476/content-detail.html">60 FR 36414 – Fuels and Fuel Additives; Grant of Waiver Application</a>. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1995. [dostęp 2015-05-21]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dahl-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dahl_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lawrence F. Dahl, Etsuro Ishishi, R.E. Rundle. <em>Polynuclear Metal Carbonyls. I. Structures of <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>10</sub></span> and <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Re<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>10</sub></span></em>. „The Journal of Chemical Physics”. 26 (6), s. 1750, 1957. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1743615">10.1063/1.1743615</a>. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Polynuclear+Metal+Carbonyls.+I.+Structures+of+%3Cspan+class%3D%22chemf%22+style%3D%22white-space%3Anowrap%3B%22%3EMn%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E%28CO%29%3Csub%3E10%3C%2Fsub%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E+and+%3Cspan+class%3D%22chemf%22+style%3D%22white-space%3Anowrap%3B%22%3ERe%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E%28CO%29%3Csub%3E10%3C%2Fsub%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Chemical+Physics&rft.date=1957&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=%7B%7B%7Bnumer%7D%7D%7D&rft.aulast=Dahl&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+F.&rft.pages=1750&rft_id=info:doi/10.1063%2F1.1743615"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webbook-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-webbook_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C10170691&Mask=8">Dimanganese decacarbonyl</a>. NIST, 2011. [dostęp 2015-05-21]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pisarczyk-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pisarczyk_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Keneth Pisarczyk: Manganese Compounds. W: <i>Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology</i>. John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2005-04-15. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/0471238961.1301140716091901.a01.pub2">10.1002/0471238961.1301140716091901.a01.pub2</a>. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9780471238966" title="Specjalna:Książki/9780471238966">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">978-0-471-23896-6</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kirk-Othmer+Encyclopedia+of+Chemical+Technology&rft.atitle=Manganese+Compounds&rft.aulast=Pisarczyk&rft.aufirst=Keneth&rft.date=2005-04-15&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons+Inc.&rft.isbn=9780471238966&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F0471238961.1301140716091901.a01.pub2"></span></cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMR-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IMR_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Manganese. W: L.A. Corathers, Machamer, J. F.: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=zNicdkuulE4C&pg=PA631">Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses</a></i>. Wyd. 7. SME, 2006, s. 631–636. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9780873352338" title="Specjalna:Książki/9780873352338">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-0-87335-233-8</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Industrial+Minerals+%26+Rocks%3A+Commodities%2C+Markets%2C+and+Uses&rft.atitle=Manganese&rft.aulast=Corathers&rft.aufirst=L.A.&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=7&rft.pub=SME&rft.pages=631%E2%80%93636&rft.isbn=978-0-87335-233-8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DzNicdkuulE4C%26pg%3DPA631"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holleman-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Holleman_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mangan. W: Arnold F. Holleman, Wiberg, Egon, Wiberg, Nils: <i>Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</i>. Wyd. 91–100. Walter de Gruyter, 1985, s. 1110–1117. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/3110075113" title="Specjalna:Książki/3110075113">ISBN <span class="isbn">3-11-007511-3</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lehrbuch+der+Anorganischen+Chemie&rft.atitle=Mangan&rft.aulast=Holleman&rft.aufirst=Arnold+F.&rft.date=1985&rft.edition=91%E2%80%93100&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.pages=1110%E2%80%931117&rft.isbn=3-11-007511-3"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku niemieckim (Deutsch)">niem.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhang-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Wensheng Zhang. <em>Manganese metallurgy review. Part I: Leaching of ores/secondary materials and recovery of electrolytic/chemical manganese dioxide</em>. „Hydrometallurgy”. 89 (3–4), s. 137–159, 2007. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2007.08.010">10.1016/j.hydromet.2007.08.010</a>. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Manganese+metallurgy+review.+Part+I%3A+Leaching+of+ores%2Fsecondary+materials+and+recovery+of+electrolytic%2Fchemical+manganese+dioxide&rft.jtitle=Hydrometallurgy&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=%7B%7B%7Bnumer%7D%7D%7D&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Wensheng&rft.pages=137%E2%80%93159&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.hydromet.2007.08.010"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirk-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kirk_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Louis R. Matricardi, James Downing: Manganese and Manganese Alloys. W: <i>Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology</i>. John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2012-01-13. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/0471238961.1301140713012018.a01.pub3">10.1002/0471238961.1301140713012018.a01.pub3</a>. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9780471238966" title="Specjalna:Książki/9780471238966">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">978-0-471-23896-6</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kirk-Othmer+Encyclopedia+of+Chemical+Technology&rft.atitle=Manganese+and+Manganese+Alloys&rft.aulast=Matricardi&rft.aufirst=Louis+R.&rft.date=2012-01-13&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons+Inc.&rft.isbn=9780471238966&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F0471238961.1301140713012018.a01.pub3"></span></cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kemetco-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kemetco_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Chow, Norman, Nacu, Anca, Warkentin, Doug, Aksenov, Igor, Teh, Hoe: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160120015709/http://www.americanmanganeseinc.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/American-Manganese-Phase-II-August-19-2010-Final-Report-Internet-Version-V2.pdf">The Recovery of Manganese from low grade resources: bench scale metallurgical test program completed</a>. Kemetco Research Inc., 2010. [dostęp 2015-05-26]. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanmanganeseinc.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/American-Manganese-Phase-II-August-19-2010-Final-Report-Internet-Version-V2.pdf">tego adresu</a>]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Zbigniew</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Zbigniew" style="display:none">Z.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Marzec</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Zbigniew</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Zbigniew">Z.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Agnieszka</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Agnieszka" style="display:none">A.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Marzec</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Agnieszka</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Agnieszka">A.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Stanisław</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Stanisław" style="display:none">S.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Zaręba</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Stanisław</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Stanisław">S.</span></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wydawnictwa.pzh.gov.pl/roczniki_pzh/media/suplementy/Suplement_2004_.pdf#page=33"><i>Całodobowe racje pokarmowe źródłem żelaza i manganu dla osób dorosłych]</i></a>, „Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny” (55), 2004, s. 29<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2004&rft.jtitle=Roczniki+Pa%C5%84stwowego+Zak%C5%82adu+Higieny&rft.atitle=Ca%C5%82odobowe+racje+pokarmowe+%C5%BAr%C3%B3d%C5%82em+%C5%BCelaza+i+manganu+dla+os%C3%B3b+doros%C5%82ych%5D&rft.edition=55&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwydawnictwa.pzh.gov.pl%2Froczniki_pzh%2Fmedia%2Fsuplementy%2FSuplement_2004_.pdf%23page%3D33" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Renata</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Renata" style="display:none">R.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Jędrzejczak</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Renata</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Renata">R.</span></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wydawnictwa.pzh.gov.pl/roczniki_pzh/media/suplementy/Suplement_2004_.pdf#page=18"><i>Żelazo i mangan w żywności</i></a>, „Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny” (55), 2004, s. 13–20<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2004&rft.jtitle=Roczniki+Pa%C5%84stwowego+Zak%C5%82adu+Higieny&rft.atitle=%C5%BBelazo+i+mangan+w+%C5%BCywno%C5%9Bci&rft.edition=55&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwydawnictwa.pzh.gov.pl%2Froczniki_pzh%2Fmedia%2Fsuplementy%2FSuplement_2004_.pdf%23page%3D18" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dau-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dau_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dau H., Haumann M. <em>Eight steps preceding O-O bond formation in oxygenic photosynthesis--a basic reaction cycle of the Photosystem II manganese complex</em>. „Biochimica et Biophysica acta”. 1767 (6), s. 472–483, 2007. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.02.022">10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.02.022</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17442260">17442260</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Eight+steps+preceding+O-O+bond+formation+in+oxygenic+photosynthesis--a+basic+reaction+cycle+of+the+Photosystem+II+manganese+complex&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+Biophysica+acta&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=1767&rft.issue=%7B%7B%7Bnumer%7D%7D%7D&rft.au=Dau+H.%2C+Haumann+M&rft.pages=472%E2%80%93483&rft_id=info:pmid/17442260&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.bbabio.2007.02.022"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/cereal-grains-and-pasta/5708/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Oats</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Oats&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fcereal-grains-and-pasta%2F5708%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nutr_kakao-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nutr_kakao_35-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nutr_kakao_35-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/sweets/5471/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Cocoa, dry powder, unsweetened</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Cocoa%2C+dry+powder%2C+unsweetened&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fsweets%2F5471%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilewazy.pl/lyzeczka-kakao-niskotluszczowego">Ile waży Łyżeczka kakao niskotłuszczowego</a> [dostęp 23 sierpnia 2015].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/cereal-grains-and-pasta/5706/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Rice, brown, long-grain, raw</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Rice%2C+brown%2C+long-grain%2C+raw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fcereal-grains-and-pasta%2F5706%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/nut-and-seed-products/3138/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Nuts, walnuts, english [Includes USDA commodity food A259, A257]</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Nuts%2C+walnuts%2C+english+%7F%27%22%60UNIQ--nowiki-00000190-QINU%60%22%27%7FIncludes+USDA+commodity+food+A259%2C+A257%7F%27%22%60UNIQ--nowiki-00000191-QINU%60%22%27%7F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fnut-and-seed-products%2F3138%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/nut-and-seed-products/3087/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Nuts, almonds, dry roasted, without salt added [Includes USDA commodity food A255, A263]</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Nuts%2C+almonds%2C+dry+roasted%2C+without+salt+added+%5BIncludes+USDA+commodity+food+A255%2C+A263%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fnut-and-seed-products%2F3087%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/legumes-and-legume-products/4325/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Chickpeas (garbanzo beans, bengal gram), mature seeds, raw</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Chickpeas+%28garbanzo+beans%2C+bengal+gram%29%2C+mature+seeds%2C+raw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Flegumes-and-legume-products%2F4325%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/legumes-and-legume-products/4448/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Peanuts, all types, dry-roasted, without salt</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Peanuts%2C+all+types%2C+dry-roasted%2C+without+salt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Flegumes-and-legume-products%2F4448%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/nut-and-seed-products/3095/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Nuts, cashew nuts, raw</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Nuts%2C+cashew+nuts%2C+raw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fnut-and-seed-products%2F3095%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/cereal-grains-and-pasta/5701/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Millet, raw</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Millet%2C+raw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fcereal-grains-and-pasta%2F5701%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/cereal-grains-and-pasta/5682/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Buckwheat groats, roasted, dry [kasha]</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Buckwheat+groats%2C+roasted%2C+dry+%7F%27%22%60UNIQ--nowiki-00000192-QINU%60%22%27%7Fkasha%7F%27%22%60UNIQ--nowiki-00000193-QINU%60%22%27%7F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fcereal-grains-and-pasta%2F5682%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/cereal-grains-and-pasta/5679/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Barley, pearled, raw</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Barley%2C+pearled%2C+raw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fcereal-grains-and-pasta%2F5679%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/sweets/10637/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Candies, chocolate, dark, 60–69% cacao solids</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Candies%2C+chocolate%2C+dark%2C+60%E2%80%9369%25+cacao+solids&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fsweets%2F10637%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/baked-products/4868/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Bread, wheat</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Bread%2C+wheat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fbaked-products%2F4868%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/cereal-grains-and-pasta/5721/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Rice, white, glutinous, raw</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Rice%2C+white%2C+glutinous%2C+raw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fcereal-grains-and-pasta%2F5721%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/cereal-grains-and-pasta/5748/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Wheat flour, white, cake, enriched</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Wheat+flour%2C+white%2C+cake%2C+enriched&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fcereal-grains-and-pasta%2F5748%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/finfish-and-shellfish-products/4180/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Mollusks, clam, mixed species, raw</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Mollusks%2C+clam%2C+mixed+species%2C+raw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Ffinfish-and-shellfish-products%2F4180%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/fruits-and-fruit-juices/1846/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Bananas, raw</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Bananas%2C+raw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Ffruits-and-fruit-juices%2F1846%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/beverages/4019/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Tea, brewed, prepared with distilled water [black tea]</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Tea%2C+brewed%2C+prepared+with+distilled+water+%7F%27%22%60UNIQ--nowiki-00000194-QINU%60%22%27%7Fblack+tea%7F%27%22%60UNIQ--nowiki-00000195-QINU%60%22%27%7F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fbeverages%2F4019%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/vegetables-and-vegetable-products/2546/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Potato, flesh and skin, raw</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Potato%2C+flesh+and+skin%2C+raw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fvegetables-and-vegetable-products%2F2546%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/vegetables-and-vegetable-products/2383/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Carrots, raw [Includes USDA commodity food A099]</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Carrots%2C+raw+%7F%27%22%60UNIQ--nowiki-00000196-QINU%60%22%27%7FIncludes+USDA+commodity+food+A099%7F%27%22%60UNIQ--nowiki-00000197-QINU%60%22%27%7F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fvegetables-and-vegetable-products%2F2383%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/vegetables-and-vegetable-products/2682/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Tomatoes, red, ripe, raw, year round average [Includes USDA commodity food A238, A233]</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Tomatoes%2C+red%2C+ripe%2C+raw%2C+year+round+average+%7F%27%22%60UNIQ--nowiki-00000198-QINU%60%22%27%7FIncludes+USDA+commodity+food+A238%2C+A233%7F%27%22%60UNIQ--nowiki-00000199-QINU%60%22%27%7F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fvegetables-and-vegetable-products%2F2682%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/finfish-and-shellfish-products/4194/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Mollusks, scallop, mixed species, raw</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Mollusks%2C+scallop%2C+mixed+species%2C+raw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Ffinfish-and-shellfish-products%2F4194%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/fruits-and-fruit-juices/1810/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Apples, raw, without skin</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Apples%2C+raw%2C+without+skin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Ffruits-and-fruit-juices%2F1810%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/fruits-and-fruit-juices/1809/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Apples, raw, with skin [Includes USDA commodity food A343]</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Apples%2C+raw%2C+with+skin+%7F%27%22%60UNIQ--nowiki-0000019A-QINU%60%22%27%7FIncludes+USDA+commodity+food+A343%7F%27%22%60UNIQ--nowiki-0000019B-QINU%60%22%27%7F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Ffruits-and-fruit-juices%2F1809%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/fruits-and-fruit-juices/1966/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Oranges, raw, all commercial varieties</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Oranges%2C+raw%2C+all+commercial+varieties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Ffruits-and-fruit-juices%2F1966%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/pork-products/2279/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Pork, fresh, loin, tenderloin, separable lean and fat, raw [Pork tenderloin, URMIS #3358]</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Pork%2C+fresh%2C+loin%2C+tenderloin%2C+separable+lean+and+fat%2C+raw+%7F%27%22%60UNIQ--nowiki-0000019C-QINU%60%22%27%7FPork+tenderloin%2C+URMIS+%233358%7F%27%22%60UNIQ--nowiki-0000019D-QINU%60%22%27%7F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fpork-products%2F2279%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/sausages-and-luncheon-meats/1390/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Turkey breast meat</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Turkey+breast+meat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fsausages-and-luncheon-meats%2F1390%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jajo_raw-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-jajo_raw_62-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-jajo_raw_62-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/dairy-and-egg-products/111/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Egg, whole, raw, fresh</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Egg%2C+whole%2C+raw%2C+fresh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fdairy-and-egg-products%2F111%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/dairy-and-egg-products/113/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Egg, yolk, raw, fresh</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Egg%2C+yolk%2C+raw%2C+fresh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fdairy-and-egg-products%2F113%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/dairy-and-egg-products/112/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Egg, white, raw, fresh</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Egg%2C+white%2C+raw%2C+fresh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fdairy-and-egg-products%2F112%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/dairy-and-egg-products/69/2"><i>Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Milk, whole, 3.25% milkfat</i></a> [online], Condé Nast<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-08-23]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Nutrition+Facts+and+Analysis+for+Milk%2C+whole%2C+3.25%25+milkfat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Fdairy-and-egg-products%2F69%2F2" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="navbox collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="34" style="font-size: 110%;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; white-space:nowrap; float:left; font-weight:normal; text-align: left; width:6em; margin-left: 2px;"><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Pierwiastki_chemiczne" title="Szablon:Pierwiastki chemiczne"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Dyskusja_szablonu:Pierwiastki_chemiczne" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Pierwiastki chemiczne"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Pierwiastki_chemiczne&action=edit"><span style="" title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian.">e</span></a></div><a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_okresowy_pierwiastk%C3%B3w" title="Układ okresowy pierwiastków">Układ okresowy pierwiastków</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.4em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .before,.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .after{padding:0.5em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background:#ccf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar{font-weight:normal;font-size:xx-small;white-space:nowrap;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.tnavbar{margin-left:1em;float:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox .below>hr+.tnavbar{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .navbox .below>.tnavbar:before{content:"Ten szablon: "}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar li:after{content:" · "}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .navbox hr{margin:0.2em 1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .title{background:#ddf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content:not(.grupa-szablonów-nawigacyjnych){margin-top:2px;padding:0;font-size:smaller;overflow:auto}.mw-parser-output .navbox .above+div,.mw-parser-output .navbox .above+.navbox-main-content,.mw-parser-output .navbox .below,.mw-parser-output .navbox .title+.grid{margin-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below{background:#ddf;text-align:center;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .flex{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.mw-parser-output .navbox .flex>.before,.mw-parser-output .navbox .flex>.after{align-self:center;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .flex>.navbox-main-content{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .before{margin-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .after{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard{border-spacing:0;border-collapse:collapse;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.opis{text-align:right;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.opis+.spis{border-left:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff);text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>td{padding:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>td:first-child{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard .inner-standard>tbody>tr>td{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.navbox-odd,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.navbox-even{padding:0 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr+tr>th,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr+tr>td{border-top:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>th+td{border-left:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns{table-layout:fixed}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td{padding:0;border-left:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff);border-right:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr+tr>td{border-top:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>th:first-child,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td:first-child{border-left:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>th:last-child,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td:last-child{border-right:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td>ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td>ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td>dl{text-align:left;column-width:24em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div+div,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>div+div,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>div+table{margin-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>.opis,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>.spis{padding:0.1em 1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div.mw-collapsible>.mw-collapsible-toggle{width:4em;text-align:right;margin-right:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.fakebar,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div.mw-collapsible>.fakebar{float:left;width:4em;height:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background:#ddf;padding:0 1em;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .opis{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .navbox-even,.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .navbox-odd{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .navbox-odd,.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .navbox-even{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>div+div{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox p{margin:0;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:gold}.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:silver}.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#c96}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-main-content>ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-main-content>dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-main-content>ol{column-width:24em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox ul{list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .navbox .references{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hwrap .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hwrap .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hwrap .hlist li{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox .rok{display:inline-block;width:4em;padding-right:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-statistics{margin-top:2px;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:small}.mw-parser-output .navbox-summary>.title{font-weight:bold;font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.grupa-szablonów) .navbox{margin:0;border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.grupa-szablonów>.grupa-szablonów-nawigacyjnych>.navbox:first-child{margin-top:2px}@media(max-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .flex>.before,.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .flex>.after{display:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis img,.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis .flagicon,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption>.flagicon,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption>.image{display:none}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style> </th></tr> <tr> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Litowce" title="Litowce">1</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Berylowce" title="Berylowce">2</a> </td> <td colspan="15">  </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Skandowce" title="Skandowce">3</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[i]</a></sup> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Tytanowce" title="Tytanowce">4</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Wanadowce" title="Wanadowce">5</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Chromowce" title="Chromowce">6</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Manganowce" title="Manganowce">7</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBelazowce" title="Żelazowce">8</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Kobaltowce" title="Kobaltowce">9</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Niklowce" title="Niklowce">10</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Miedziowce" title="Miedziowce">11</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Cynkowce" title="Cynkowce">12</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Borowce_(chemia)" title="Borowce (chemia)">13</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/W%C4%99glowce" title="Węglowce">14</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Azotowce" title="Azotowce">15</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Tlenowce" title="Tlenowce">16</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Fluorowce" title="Fluorowce">17</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Helowce" title="Helowce">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_pierwszego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki pierwszego okresu">1</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#9AB973"><a href="/wiki/Wod%C3%B3r" title="Wodór">H</a> </td> <td colspan="31">  </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ABCDEF"><a href="/wiki/Hel_(pierwiastek)" title="Hel (pierwiastek)">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_drugiego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki drugiego okresu">2</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC7722"><a href="/wiki/Lit" title="Lit">Li</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#E1A95F"><a href="/wiki/Beryl_(pierwiastek)" title="Beryl (pierwiastek)">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="25">  </td> <td style="color:black; background:#B87333"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor">B</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#9AB973"><a href="/wiki/W%C4%99giel_(pierwiastek)" title="Węgiel (pierwiastek)">C</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#9AB973"><a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot">N</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#9AB973"><a href="/wiki/Tlen" title="Tlen">O</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#F0E68C"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ABCDEF"><a href="/wiki/Neon_(pierwiastek)" title="Neon (pierwiastek)">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_trzeciego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki trzeciego okresu">3</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC7722"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3d" title="Sód">Na</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#E1A95F"><a href="/wiki/Magnez" title="Magnez">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="25">  </td> <td style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC"><a href="/wiki/Glin" title="Glin">Al</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#B87333"><a href="/wiki/Krzem" title="Krzem">Si</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#9AB973"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#9AB973"><a href="/wiki/Siarka" title="Siarka">S</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#F0E68C"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ABCDEF"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_czwartego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki czwartego okresu">4</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC7722"><a href="/wiki/Potas" title="Potas">K</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#E1A95F"><a href="/wiki/Wap%C5%84" title="Wapń">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="15">  </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Skand" title="Skand">Sc</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Tytan_(pierwiastek)" title="Tytan (pierwiastek)">Ti</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Wanad" title="Wanad">V</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mn</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBelazo" title="Żelazo">Fe</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Nikiel" title="Nikiel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Mied%C5%BA" title="Miedź">Cu</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Cynk" title="Cynk">Zn</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC"><a href="/wiki/Gal" title="Gal">Ga</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#B87333"><a href="/wiki/German" title="German">Ge</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#B87333"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#9AB973"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#F0E68C"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ABCDEF"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_pi%C4%85tego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki piątego okresu">5</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC7722"><a href="/wiki/Rubid" title="Rubid">Rb</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#E1A95F"><a href="/wiki/Stront" title="Stront">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="15">  </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Itr" title="Itr">Y</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Cyrkon_(pierwiastek)" title="Cyrkon (pierwiastek)">Zr</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden">Mo</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Technet" title="Technet">Tc</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Ruten" title="Ruten">Ru</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Rod_(pierwiastek)" title="Rod (pierwiastek)">Rh</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Pallad" title="Pallad">Pd</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">Ag</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Kadm" title="Kadm">Cd</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC"><a href="/wiki/Ind" title="Ind">In</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC"><a href="/wiki/Cyna" title="Cyna">Sn</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#B87333"><a href="/wiki/Antymon" title="Antymon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#B87333"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#F0E68C"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">I</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ABCDEF"><a href="/wiki/Ksenon" title="Ksenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_sz%C3%B3stego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki szóstego okresu">6</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#CC7722"><a href="/wiki/Cez" title="Cez">Cs</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E1A95F"><a href="/wiki/Bar_(pierwiastek)" title="Bar (pierwiastek)">Ba</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">La</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Cer" title="Cer">Ce</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Prazeodym" title="Prazeodym">Pr</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym">Nd</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Promet" title="Promet">Pm</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Samar" title="Samar">Sm</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Europ" title="Europ">Eu</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Gadolin" title="Gadolin">Gd</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Terb" title="Terb">Tb</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Dysproz" title="Dysproz">Dy</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Holm_(pierwiastek)" title="Holm (pierwiastek)">Ho</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Erb" title="Erb">Er</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Tul" title="Tul">Tm</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Iterb" title="Iterb">Yb</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF"><a href="/wiki/Lutet" title="Lutet">Lu</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Hafn" title="Hafn">Hf</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Tantal_(pierwiastek)" title="Tantal (pierwiastek)">Ta</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Ren_(pierwiastek)" title="Ren (pierwiastek)">Re</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Osm" title="Osm">Os</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Iryd" title="Iryd">Ir</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Platyna" title="Platyna">Pt</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%82oto" title="Złoto">Au</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Rt%C4%99%C4%87" title="Rtęć">Hg</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC"><a href="/wiki/Tal" title="Tal">Tl</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC"><a href="/wiki/O%C5%82%C3%B3w" title="Ołów">Pb</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC"><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut">Bi</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC"><a href="/wiki/Polon" title="Polon">Po</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#F0E68C"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a> </td> <td width="2.94%" style="color:black; background:#ABCDEF"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_si%C3%B3dmego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki siódmego okresu">7</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC7722"><a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Fr</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#E1A95F"><a href="/wiki/Rad_(pierwiastek)" title="Rad (pierwiastek)">Ra</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Aktyn" title="Aktyn">Ac</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Tor_(pierwiastek)" title="Tor (pierwiastek)">Th</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Protaktyn" title="Protaktyn">Pa</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Uran_(pierwiastek)" title="Uran (pierwiastek)">U</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Neptun_(pierwiastek)" title="Neptun (pierwiastek)">Np</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Pluton_(pierwiastek)" title="Pluton (pierwiastek)">Pu</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Ameryk" title="Ameryk">Am</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Kiur_(pierwiastek)" title="Kiur (pierwiastek)">Cm</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Berkel" title="Berkel">Bk</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Kaliforn" title="Kaliforn">Cf</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Einstein_(pierwiastek)" title="Einstein (pierwiastek)">Es</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Ferm_(pierwiastek)" title="Ferm (pierwiastek)">Fm</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Mendelew" title="Mendelew">Md</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_(pierwiastek)" title="Nobel (pierwiastek)">No</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898"><a href="/wiki/Lorens" title="Lorens">Lr</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_(pierwiastek)" title="Rutherford (pierwiastek)">Rf</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Dubn" title="Dubn">Db</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Seaborg" title="Seaborg">Sg</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Bohr_(pierwiastek)" title="Bohr (pierwiastek)">Bh</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Has" title="Has">Hs</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Meitner" title="Meitner">Mt</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Darmsztadt" title="Darmsztadt">Ds</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Roentgen_(pierwiastek)" title="Roentgen (pierwiastek)">Rg</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF"><a href="/wiki/Kopernik_(pierwiastek)" title="Kopernik (pierwiastek)">Cn</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Nihon" title="Nihon">Nh</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Flerow" title="Flerow">Fl</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Moskow_(pierwiastek)" title="Moskow (pierwiastek)">Mc</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Liwermor" title="Liwermor">Lv</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Tenes" title="Tenes">Ts</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background:#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_%C3%B3smego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki ósmego okresu">8</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Ununenn" title="Ununenn">Uue</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Unbinil" title="Unbinil">Ubn</a> </td> <td width="2.94%"><small>✱</small> </td> <td colspan="30">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">  </td> <td><small>✱</small> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Unbiun" title="Unbiun">Ubu</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Unbibi" title="Unbibi">Ubb</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC">Ubt </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Unbikwad" title="Unbikwad">Ubq</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC">Ubp </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Unbiheks" title="Unbiheks">Ubh</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC"><a href="/wiki/Unbisept" title="Unbisept">Ubs</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC">...<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[ii]</a></sup> </td> <td colspan="22">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="34"> <table border="0" align="center" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%; font-size: 90%;" rules="all" cellpadding="1"> <tbody><tr> <td style="color:black; background:#CC7722; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Litowce" title="Litowce">Metale alkaliczne</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#E1A95F; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Berylowce" title="Berylowce">Metale ziem<br />alkalicznych</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#E0B0FF; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Lantanowce" title="Lantanowce">Lantanowce</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#CC8898; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Aktynowce" title="Aktynowce">Aktynowce</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#EDC9AF; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Blok_d" title="Blok d">Metale przejściowe</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#BCBCBC; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Metale" title="Metale">Metale</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#B87333; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82metale" title="Półmetale">Półmetale</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#9AB973; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Niemetale" title="Niemetale">Niemetale</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#F0E68C; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Fluorowce" title="Fluorowce">Halogeny</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ABCDEF; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%"><a href="/wiki/Helowce" title="Helowce">Gazy szlachetne</a> </td> <td style="color:black; background:#ECECEC; border:2px solid #ffffff;" width="9.09%">Właściwości<br />nieznane </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="34" style="text-align:left"><div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection refsection-mini"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatywnie do <a href="/wiki/Skandowce" title="Skandowce">skandowców</a> zalicza się często nie <a href="/wiki/Lutet" title="Lutet">lutet</a> i <a href="/wiki/Lorens" title="Lorens">lorens</a>, lecz <a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">lantan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aktyn" title="Aktyn">aktyn</a> oraz hipotetyczny <a href="/wiki/Unbiun" title="Unbiun">unbiun</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Budowa <a href="/wiki/Pierwiastki_%C3%B3smego_okresu" title="Pierwiastki ósmego okresu">8. okresu</a> jest przedmiotem badań teoretycznych i dokładne umiejscowienie pierwiastków tego okresu w ramach układu okresowego jest niepewne.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Pierwiastek_chemiczny" title="Pierwiastek chemiczny">pierwiastek chemiczny</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85080479">sh85080479</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4037315-0">4037315-0</a></span></li><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567440">00567440</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11938451d">11938451d</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Centralna_Biblioteka_Narodowa_we_Florencji" title="Centralna Biblioteka Narodowa we Florencji">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=25173">25173</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph122608">ph122608</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hiszpa%C5%84ska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Hiszpańska Biblioteka Narodowa">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX530755">XX530755</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548467705171">987007548467705171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/manganese">science/manganese</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/manganese">manganese</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/manganase/">manganase</a></span>, <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/manganese/">manganese</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacion%C4%81l%C4%81_enciklop%C4%93dija" title="Nacionālā enciklopēdija">Nacionālā enciklopēdija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enciklopedija.lv/skirklis/145943">145943</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=mangan">mangan</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=mangan">mangan</a></span></li></ul> </div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div>Identyfikatory zewnętrzne:</div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P6263" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P6263">identyfikator minerału w Mindat</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindat.org/min-11478.html">11478</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mangan&oldid=74634826">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mangan&oldid=74634826</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Alotropia" title="Kategoria:Alotropia">Alotropia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Mangan" title="Kategoria:Mangan">Mangan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Pierwiastki_chemiczne" title="Kategoria:Pierwiastki chemiczne">Pierwiastki chemiczne</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ukryte kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Szablon_cytowania_zamieni%C5%82_nazw%C4%99_czasopisma" title="Kategoria:Szablon cytowania zamienił nazwę czasopisma">Szablon cytowania zamienił nazwę czasopisma</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Artyku%C5%82y_z_nieprawid%C5%82owymi_numerami_ISBN" title="Kategoria:Artykuły z nieprawidłowymi numerami ISBN">Artykuły z nieprawidłowymi numerami ISBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Szablon_cytowania_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki_%E2%80%93_brak_numeru_strony" title="Kategoria:Szablon cytowania książki – brak numeru strony">Szablon cytowania książki – brak numeru strony</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:W%C5%82a%C5%9Bciwo%C5%9B%C4%87_P373_taka_sama_jak_wpisana_lokalnie_(Pierwiastek_infobox)" title="Kategoria:Właściwość P373 taka sama jak wpisana lokalnie (Pierwiastek infobox)">Właściwość P373 taka sama jak wpisana lokalnie (Pierwiastek infobox)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 28 sie 2024, 15:35.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. Zobacz szczegółowe informacje o <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/pl">warunkach korzystania</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Polityka prywatności</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii">O Wikipedii</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Korzystasz_z_Wikipedii_tylko_na_w%C5%82asn%C4%85_odpowiedzialno%C5%9B%C4%87">Korzystasz z Wikipedii tylko na własną odpowiedzialność</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Powszechne Zasady Postępowania</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dla deweloperów</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/pl.wikipedia.org">Statystyki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Oświadczenie o ciasteczkach</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mangan&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Wersja mobilna</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-hpkbs","wgBackendResponseTime":170,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.556","walltime":"1.940","ppvisitednodes":{"value":73785,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":776920,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":245241,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":140,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":96303,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":8,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1709.863 1 -total"," 25.50% 436.080 1 Szablon:Pierwiastek_infobox"," 18.90% 323.244 82 Szablon:Chem"," 14.46% 247.226 1 Szablon:Pierwiastki_chemiczne"," 10.35% 177.052 71 Szablon:Chem/initialA0"," 10.24% 175.062 16 Szablon:Infobox_nagłówek"," 10.07% 172.172 14 Szablon:Infobox_nagłówek_dodaj"," 10.03% 171.538 272 Szablon:Pierwiastek_–_kolor"," 9.70% 165.883 244 Szablon:Chem/type"," 8.85% 151.296 1 Szablon:Pierwiastek_infobox/układ_okresowy_pierwiastków"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.382","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7140508,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"parent:title = \"Szablon:Przekierowanie\"\nparent:title = \"Szablon:Pierwiastek infobox\"\nframe.args.pagename = nil\nframe.args.namespace = nil\npagename = nil\nnamespace = 0\ntitle = Mangan\nno match karta charakterystyki%s+.%s-http\nno match karta charakterystyki%s+.%s-www\nno match zewnętrzne dane MSDS%s+.%s-www\nno match zewnętrzne dane MSDS%s+.%s-http\nno pattern 5\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Pure and Applied Chemistry\"\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny\"\next = nil\next = false\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny\"\next = nil\next = false\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nKA P6263: Brak elementu 'dedykowany typ dla' (P1629) w opisie cechy\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-59856bd7d8-2dm9g","timestamp":"20241119212049","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Mangan","url":"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mangan","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q731","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q731","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wsp\u00f3\u0142tw\u00f3rcy projekt\u00f3w Fundacji Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-02-28T10:52:32Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2b\/Mangan_1.jpg","headline":"25. pierwiastek chemiczny"}</script> </body> </html>