CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-ZK1E8XKBLT"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-ZK1E8XKBLT'); </script>  <title>WebElements Periodic Table » Cadmium » physical properties</title> <meta name="Description" content="This WebElements periodic table page contains physical properties for the element cadmium"> <meta name="keywords" content="cadmium, physical, density, molar volume, velocity, sound, Young, Youngs, modulus, rigidity, bulk, Poisson, Poissons, conductivity, thermal, expansion, coefficient, mineral, Brinell, Vickers, hardness, electrical, resistivity, boiling, melting, critical, superconduction, temperature, reflectivity, refractive index, chemistry, periodic table, periodic chart, periodic system, chemical elements, chemical, webelements, web-elements, Sheffield, science, element, elements, metal, gas, atoms"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/pure/pure-min.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/pure/grids-responsive-min.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/pure-layout-side-menu/css/layouts/side-menu.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/css/webelements.css?parameter=1"> <meta name="author" content="Prof Mark Winter, University of Sheffield"> <meta name="copyright" content="Copyright 2024 Prof Mark Winter"> <link rel="index" href="./"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.png"> </head> <body> <div id="layout">  <a href="#menu" id="menuLink" class="menu-link">  <span></span> </a>  <div id="menu"> <div class="pure-menu"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item logo"><a href="../" class="pure-menu-link"><img height="30" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo" /></a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item v"> <div id="NavigationPanel"> <table style="nav_panel"> <tr> <th class="navpanel-d"><a title="copper" href="../copper/physics.html">Cu</a></th> <th class="navpanel-d"><a title="zinc" href="../zinc/physics.html">Zn</a></th> <th class="navpanel-p"><a title="gallium" href="../gallium/physics.html">Ga</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navpanel-d"><a title="silver" href="../silver/physics.html">Ag</a></th> <th class="navpanel-d">Cd</th> <th class="navpanel-p"><a title="indium" href="../indium/physics.html">In</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navpanel-d"><a title="gold" href="../gold/physics.html">Au</a></th> <th class="navpanel-d"><a title="mercury" href="../mercury/physics.html">Hg</a></th> <th class="navpanel-p"><a title="thallium" href="../thallium/physics.html">Tl</a></th> </tr> </table> </div> </li>  <li class="pure-menu-item v"> <div class="element_select_centre"><a class="imagelink" title="Switch to a different element from here" href="../index.html"><img class="" src="../_media/locs/Cd-loc.png" alt="Cadmium location" /></a> </div> </li>  <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../actinium/physics.html">Actinium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../aluminium/physics.html">Aluminium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../aluminium/physics.html">Aluminum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../americium/physics.html">Americium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../antimony/physics.html">Antimony</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../argon/physics.html">Argon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../arsenic/physics.html">Arsenic</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../astatine/physics.html">Astatine ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../barium/physics.html">Barium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../berkelium/physics.html">Berkelium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../beryllium/physics.html">Beryllium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../bismuth/physics.html">Bismuth</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../bohrium/physics.html">Bohrium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../boron/physics.html">Boron</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../bromine/physics.html">Bromine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../cadmium/physics.html">Cadmium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../caesium/physics.html">Caesium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../calcium/physics.html">Calcium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../californium/physics.html">Californium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../carbon/physics.html">Carbon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../cerium/physics.html">Cerium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../caesium/physics.html">Cesium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../chlorine/physics.html">Chlorine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../chromium/physics.html">Chromium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../cobalt/physics.html">Cobalt</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../copernicium/physics.html">Copernicium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../copper/physics.html">Copper</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../curium/physics.html">Curium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../darmstadtium/physics.html">Darmstadtium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../dubnium/physics.html">Dubnium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../dysprosium/physics.html">Dysprosium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../einsteinium/physics.html">Einsteinium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../erbium/physics.html">Erbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../europium/physics.html">Europium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../fermium/physics.html">Fermium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../flerovium/physics.html">Flerovium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../fluorine/physics.html">Fluorine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../francium/physics.html">Francium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../gadolinium/physics.html">Gadolinium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../gallium/physics.html">Gallium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../germanium/physics.html">Germanium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../gold/physics.html">Gold</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../hafnium/physics.html">Hafnium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../hassium/physics.html">Hassium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../helium/physics.html">Helium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../holmium/physics.html">Holmium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../hydrogen/physics.html">Hydrogen</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../indium/physics.html">Indium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../iodine/physics.html">Iodine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../iridium/physics.html">Iridium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../iron/physics.html">Iron</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../krypton/physics.html">Krypton</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../lanthanum/physics.html">Lanthanum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../lawrencium/physics.html">Lawrencium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../lead/physics.html">Lead</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../lithium/physics.html">Lithium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../livermorium/physics.html">Livermorium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../lutetium/physics.html">Lutetium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../magnesium/physics.html">Magnesium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../manganese/physics.html">Manganese</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../meitnerium/physics.html">Meitnerium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../mendelevium/physics.html">Mendelevium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../mercury/physics.html">Mercury</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../molybdenum/physics.html">Molybdenum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../moscovium/physics.html">Moscovium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../neodymium/physics.html">Neodymium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../neon/physics.html">Neon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../neptunium/physics.html">Neptunium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../nickel/physics.html">Nickel</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../nihonium/physics.html">Nihonium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../niobium/physics.html">Niobium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../nitrogen/physics.html">Nitrogen</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../nobelium/physics.html">Nobelium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../oganesson/physics.html">Oganesson ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../osmium/physics.html">Osmium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../oxygen/physics.html">Oxygen</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../palladium/physics.html">Palladium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../phosphorus/physics.html">Phosphorus</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../platinum/physics.html">Platinum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../plutonium/physics.html">Plutonium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../polonium/physics.html">Polonium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../potassium/physics.html">Potassium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../praseodymium/physics.html">Praseodymium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../promethium/physics.html">Promethium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../protactinium/physics.html">Protactinium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../radium/physics.html">Radium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../radon/physics.html">Radon ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rhenium/physics.html">Rhenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rhodium/physics.html">Rhodium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../roentgenium/physics.html">Roentgenium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../rubidium/physics.html">Rubidium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../ruthenium/physics.html">Ruthenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rutherfordium/physics.html">Rutherfordium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../samarium/physics.html">Samarium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../scandium/physics.html">Scandium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../seaborgium/physics.html">Seaborgium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../selenium/physics.html">Selenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../silicon/physics.html">Silicon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../silver/physics.html">Silver</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../sodium/physics.html">Sodium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../strontium/physics.html">Strontium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../sulfur/physics.html">Sulfur</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../sulfur/physics.html">Sulphur</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../tantalum/physics.html">Tantalum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../technetium/physics.html">Technetium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tellurium/physics.html">Tellurium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tennessine/physics.html">Tennessine ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../terbium/physics.html">Terbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../thallium/physics.html">Thallium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../thorium/physics.html">Thorium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../thulium/physics.html">Thulium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tin/physics.html">Tin</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../titanium/physics.html">Titanium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../tungsten/physics.html">Tungsten</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../uranium/physics.html">Uranium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../vanadium/physics.html">Vanadium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../xenon/physics.html">Xenon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../ytterbium/physics.html">Ytterbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../yttrium/physics.html">Yttrium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../zinc/physics.html">Zinc</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../zirconium/physics.html">Zirconium</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-open pure-menu-horizontal centre" role="navigation" style="background: #000 url(../_media/elements/discharge/Cd.png) repeat-y center; background-size:contain;"> <span><a class="pure-menu-heading" href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/webelements/"><img height="30" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo"></a> <a class="white" href="./">Cadmium - <sub>48</sub>Cd</a>  <audio id="myAudio_f"> <source src="../_media/elements/snds_f/Cd.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">Your user agent does not support the HTML5 Audio element. </audio> <button class="pure-button d_button" style=" display: inline;" type="button" onclick="audf_play_pause()"> 🔊  </button> <script> function audf_play_pause() { var myAudiof = document.getElementById("myAudio_f"); if (myAudiof.paused) { myAudiof.play(); } else { myAudiof.pause(); }} </script></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main">  <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <a href="#" class="pure-menu-link pure-menu-heading">▸▸</a> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇬🇧 Cadmium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇺🇦 Кадмій</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇨🇳 鎘</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇳🇱 Cadmium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇫🇷 Cadmium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇩🇪 Cadmium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇱 קדמיום</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇹 Cadmio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇯🇵 カドミウム</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇵🇹 Cádmio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇪🇸 Cadmio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇸🇪 Kadmium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇷🇺 Кадмий</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="google_navbar_positioning"> <form action="https://www.google.com" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-9334432533380510:6223510783"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"> <input type="text" name="q" size="28"> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search"> </div> </form> <script> </script> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <h1 class="d">Cadmium - <sub><small>48</small></sub>Cd: physical properties</h1> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <ul class="pure-menu-list z_menu"> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a href="../cadmium/" class="pure-menu-link">▸▸ Cd Essentials</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../cadmium/physics.html">Physical properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../cadmium/atoms.html">Electron shell data</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../cadmium/atom_sizes.html">Atom sizes</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../cadmium/electronegativity.html">Electronegativity</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../cadmium/isotopes.html" >Isotopes and NMR</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../cadmium/crystal_structure.html">Crystal structure</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../cadmium/thermochemistry.html">Thermochemistry</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../cadmium/history.html">History</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../cadmium/uses.html">Uses</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../cadmium/geology.html">Geology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../cadmium/biology.html">Biology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../cadmium/compounds.html">Binary compounds</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../cadmium/compound_properties.html" >Compound properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../cadmium/chemistry.html">Element reactions</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../cadmium/contents.html">List all Cd properties</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="d">Density properties</h2> <ul class="spark_table_list"> <li><a href="../periodicity/density/" title="view definition and images showing periodicity for density of elemental solids"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/density.png" alt="density of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table" />Density of solid</a>: 8650 kg m<sup>‑3</sup></li> <li><a href="../periodicity/molar_volume/" title="view definition and images showing periodicity for molar volumes of the elements"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/molar_volume.png" alt="molar volume of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table" />Molar volume</a>: 13.00 cm<sup>3</sup></li> </ul> <h2 class="d">Elastic properties</h2> <ul class="spark_table_list"> <li><a href="../periodicity/youngs_modulus/" title="view definition and images showing periodicity of the Young's modulus for the elements"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/youngs_modulus.png" alt="Young's modulus of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table" />Young's modulus</a>: 50 GPa</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/rigidity_modulus/" title="view definition and images showing periodicity of the rigidity modulus for the elements"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/rigidity_modulus.png" alt="Rigidity modulus of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table" />Rigidity modulus</a>: 19 GPa</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/bulk_modulus/" title="view definition and images showing periodicity of bulk modulus for the elements"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/bulk_modulus.png" alt="bulk modulus of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table" />Bulk modulus</a>: 42 GPa</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/poissons_ratio/" title="view definition and images showing periodicity of the Poisson ratio for the elements"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/poissons_ratio.png" alt="Poisson's ratio of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table" />Poisson's ratio</a>: 0.30 (no units)</li> </ul> <h2 class="d">Hardnesses</h2> <ul class="spark_table_list"> <li><a href="../periodicity/hardness_mineral/" title="view definition and images showing periodicity of mineral hardness for the elements"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/hardness_mineral.png" alt="mineral hardness of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table" />Mineral hardness</a>: 2.0 (no units)</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/hardness_brinell/" title="view definition and images showing periodicity of Brinell hardness for the elements"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/hardness_brinell.png" alt="Brinell hardness of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table" />Brinell hardness</a>: 203 MN m<sup>-2</sup></li> <li><a href="../periodicity/hardness_vickers/" title="view definition and images showing periodicity of Vickers hardness for the elements"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/hardness_vickers.png" alt="Vickers hardness of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table" />Vickers hardness</a>: (no data) MN m<sup>-2</sup></li> </ul> <div><figure><img class="pure-img" src="../_media/periodicity/tables/periodic_table_heatscape_white/density_heat_w.png" alt="Heatscape representing the density of the elements" /><figcaption>Heatscape picture representing the density of the periodic table elements.</figcaption></figure></div> <div><figure><img class="pure-img" src="../_media/periodicity/tables/periodic_table_heatscape_white/molar_volume_heat_w.png" alt="Heatscape representing the molar volume of the elements" /><figcaption>Heatscape representing the molar volume of the periodic table elements.</figcaption></figure></div> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-9334432533380510" data-ad-slot="4479092381" data-ad-format="auto"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </div> <h2 class="d">Electrical properties</h2> <ul class="spark_table_list"> <li><a href="../periodicity/elec_resist/" title="view definition and images showing periodicity of electrical resistivity for the elements"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/elec_resist.png" alt="electrical resistivity of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table">Electrical resistivity</a>: 7 × 10<sup>‑8</sup> Ω m; or mΩ cm</li> </ul> <h2 class="d">Heat and conduction</h2> <ul class="spark_table_list"> <li><a href="../periodicity/thermal_conduct/" title="show definition and view pictures showing periodicity of thermal conductivity in the periodic table"><img alt="Thermal conductivity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/thermal_conduct.png" />Thermal conductivity</a>: 97 W m<sup>‑1</sup> K<sup>‑1</sup></li> <li><a href="../periodicity/coeff_thermal_exp/" title="show definition and view pictures showing periodicity of the coefficient of linear expansion in the periodic table"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/coeff_thermal_exp.png" alt="coefficient of linear expansion of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table" />Coefficient of linear thermal expansion</a>: 30.8 × 10<sup>‑6</sup> K<sup>‑1</sup></li> </ul> <h2 class="d">Optical properties</h2> <ul class="spark_table_list"> <li><a href="../periodicity/reflectivity/" title="view definition and images showing periodicity of reflectivity for the elements"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/reflectivity.png" alt="reflectivity of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table">Reflectivity</a>: 67 %</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/refractive_index/" title="view definition and images showing periodicity of refractive index for the elements"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/refractive_index.png" alt="refractive index of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table">Refractive index</a>: (no data) (no units)</li> </ul> <h2 class="d">Acoustic properties</h2> <ul class="spark_table_list"> <li><a href="../periodicity/velocity_sound/" title="view definition and images showing periodicity for velocity of sound in the elements"><img src="../_media/periodicity/tables/sparktables2/velocity_sound.png" alt="velocity of sound of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table">Velocity of sound</a>: 2310 m s<sup>‑1</sup></li> </ul> </main> <div id="footer"> <footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Key properties</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/eneg_pauling/">Electronegativity </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/melting_point/">Melting point</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/density/">Density </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/molar_volume/">Molar volume</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/ionis_energy_1/">Ionization energy (1st)</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/covalent_radius/">Covalent radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/metallic_radius/">Metallic radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/abund_crust/">Abundance: earth's crust</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Shop</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">Sorry, shop closed</li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Social</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/webelements.periodic.table">Facebook</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://twitter.com/periodic_table">Twitter</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.pinterest.com/periodictable/">Pinterest</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Administration</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/your-privacy/" title="Your privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/about-webelements/" title="About WebElements">About</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/" title="Copyright information about WebElements">Copyright</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/acknowledgements/" title="Acknowledgements">Thanks...</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <address> <p> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/"><img class="logo_m" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements home" /></a><br /> <strong>WebElements:</strong> THE periodic table on the WWW [<a href="https://www.webelements.com/">www.webelements.com</a>]<br /> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/">Copyright </a> 1993-2024 <a href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/">Mark Winter</a> [ <a href="https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/chemistry/">The University of Sheffield </a> and WebElements Ltd, UK]. All rights reserved.</p> <p>You can reference the WebElements periodic table as follows:<br />"WebElements, https://www.webelements.com, accessed December 2024."</p> </address> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <script src="../_newlands/javascript/menus.js"></script> <script src="../_newlands/pure-layout-side-menu/js/ui.js"></script> </body> </html>